5503_Lincoln_Facility_OperationsPlan_DIN27371_20160212

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SECTION 5.0

OPERATION
PLAN

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5.1 Introduction

The County Landfill will only accept Municipal Solid Wastes (MSW) from the County. The County will construct
a 10.3 acre Municipal Solid Waste Landfill (Phase 4) according to Subtitle D requirements. The facility will be
constructed with 24 inches of cohesive soil (permeability of 1.0 x 10-7 cm/sec), or 18 inches of cohesive soil
(permeability of 1.0 x 10-5 cm/sec) with reinforced geosynthetic clay liner (GCL), 60 mil High Density
Polyethylene liner (HDPE), 36 inches of protective cover over the liner and a leachate collection system which
flows to the existing pump station and leachate storage tanks.

The perimeter of the lined area will be marked off by 2 inch PVC pipe at 100’ intervals that will be placed in the
anchor trenches. Solid waste will not be placed within four (4) feet of this boundary to assure that it is being
placed directly above the liner system so that no leachate can flow outside of this area.

All storm water that comes in contact with solid waste will be handled as leachate. Once the leachate is in the
sump, it gravity flows to a pump station where it is then pumped to the leachate storage tanks.

Storm water that has not come in contact with waste can and will be diverted utilizing diversion berms and a
diversion pipe and valve located at the lower end of constructed phase. The stormwater will then be diverted
through a sediment basin and eventually discharged in to an adjoining creek.

Leachate will be pumped and hauled to the City of Lincolnton Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP).

The leachate tanks will be inspected on a weekly basis and a report generated and placed in the landfill
records. The report will include the date the tanks were inspected, the inspector, general observations since
the last inspection, visible abrasions, possible stress cracks, or obvious punctures. If any damage or weak spots
have been detected, a qualified installation company shall be notified immediately so that a repair/patch can be
installed. The leachate level shall not be allowed to exceed the depth of the damage area until it has been
repaired and tested by the installation company. Once this has been accomplished all testing documentation
shall be placed in the operating records.

Daily cover is the combination of soil and/or approved Alternate Cover Material (ACM). (See Section 5.2 for
cover requirements, see Section 5.4 for approved ACM's).

The County will implement a program at the landfill for detecting and preventing the disposal of hazardous and
liquid wastes. The program consists of random inspection of incoming loads at a minimum of 1% of the weekly
traffic. Landfill personnel will be trained to recognize hazardous and liquid wastes. Records will be kept on the
training and the inspections. (See Section 5.3-Appendix I).

The County will monitor for explosive gases at landfill structures and the perimeter of the landfill. For detailed
explosive gas monitoring plan see document submitted under separate cover entitled "Landfill Gas Monitoring
Plan - Lincoln County Landfill Phase 4".

The concentration of gases generated by the landfill cannot exceed 25 percent of the lower explosive limit for
the gases in the structures, and it cannot exceed 100 percent of the lower explosive limit for gases at the landfill
property boundary. If gas is found to exceed the acceptable limits at either the property boundary or landfill
structures, it is the County’s responsibility to do the following:

1. Immediately take all necessary steps to ensure protection of human health, i.e. no smoking, temporarily
abandon the structure and notify the Division of Waste Management.

2. Within seven days of detection, place in the operating record the methane gas levels detected and a
description of the steps taken to protect human health; and

3. Within 60 days of detection, implement a remediation plan for the methane gas releases, place a copy
of the plan in the operating record, and notify the Division of Waste Management that the plan has been
implemented. The plan will describe the nature and extent of the problem and the proposed remedy.
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Off and on site erosion will be controlled through erosion control structures and devices. Provisions for a
vegetative ground cover sufficient to restrain erosion will be accomplished within 15 working days or 90
calendar days upon completion of any phase of landfill development.

The County will record and retain at the landfill an operating record of the following information:

(1) Inspection records, waste determination records, and training procedures;
(2) Amounts by weight of solid waste received at the landfill;
(3) Waste determination, Leachate sampling data and analytical data, leachate levels,
meteorological data ;
(4) Gas monitoring results and any remediation plans;
(5) Any demonstration, certification, findings, monitoring, testing or analytical data
required for surface and groundwater monitoring;
(6) Any monitoring, testing or analytical data required for closure or post-closure;
(7) Any cost estimates and financial assurance documentation.

All information contained in the operating record will be furnished upon request to the Division of Waste
Management or be made available at all reasonable times for inspection by the Division.

Ground and surface water will be sampled and analyzed according to Subtitle D Appendix I detection
monitoring requirements. The monitoring frequency for all Appendix I detection monitoring constituents will be
at least semiannual during the life of the facility (including closure) and the post-closure period. A minimum of
four independent samples from each well (background and down gradient) will be collected and analyzed for
the Appendix I constituents during the first semiannual sampling event. At least one sample from each well
(background and down gradient) will be collected and analyzed during subsequent semiannual sampling
events.

If the County determines that there is a statistically significant increase over background for one or more of the
constituents listed in Appendix I at any monitoring well at the relevant point of compliance, the County will,
within 14 days of the finding, report to the Division of Waste Management and place a notice in the operating
record indicating which constituents have shown statistically significant changes from background levels. The
County will establish an assessment monitoring program within 90 days. The County may demonstrate that a
source other than the landfill caused the contamination or that the statistically significant increase resulted from
an error in sampling, analysis, statistical evaluation, or natural variation in ground-water quality. A report
documenting these demonstrations will be certified by a Licensed Geologist or Professional Engineer and
approved by the Division of Waste Management. A copy of this report will be placed in the operating record. If
a successful demonstration is made, documented, and approved by the Division, the County may continue
detection monitoring. If after 90 days, a successful demonstration is not made, the County will initiate an
assessment monitoring program.

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5.2 Operational Requirements

1. Waste Acceptance and Disposal Requirements

a. The Municipal Solid Waste Landfill (MSWLF) will only accept those solid wastes which it is
permitted to receive. The County will notify the Division within 24 hours of attempted disposal
of any waste the landfill is not permitted to receive. Signs are placed at the entrance to the
Landfill stating that Hazardous and Liquid wastes are not accepted and that random waste
screening is performed.

b. The following wastes are prohibited from disposal at the MSWLF:

i. Hazardous waste as defined within 15A NCAC 13A, to also include hazardous waste
from conditionally exempt small quantity generators.

ii. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) wastes as defined in 40 CFR 761.

iii. Bulk or non-containerized liquid waste will not be placed in the landfill unless:

(i) The waste is household waste other than septic waste and waste oil,
(ii) The waste is leachate or gas condensate derived from the landfill.

iv. White Goods, Yard Waste, Tires.

v. Containers holding liquid wastes will not be placed in the landfill unless:

(i) The container is a small container similar in size to that normally
found in household waste;
(ii) The container is designed to hold liquids for use other than storage;
or
(iii) The waste is household waste.

vi. For the purpose of this paragraph:

(i) Liquid waste means any waste material that is determined to contain
"free liquids" as defined by Method 9095 (Paint Filter Liquids Test),
S. W. 846.
c. Spoiled foods, animal carcasses, abattoir waste, hatchery waste, and other animal waste
delivered to the disposal site will be covered immediately.

d. The following are items that are banned in the future from the landfill:

i. Beverage containers that are required to be recycled under G.S. 18B-1006.1
(Effective January 1, 2008).

ii. Recyclable rigid plastic containers that are required to be labeled as provided
BELOW that have a neck smaller than the body of the container and that accept a
screw top, snap cap, or other closure. The prohibition on disposal of recyclable rigid
plastic containers in landfills does not apply to rigid plastic containers that are
intended for use in the sale or distribution or motor oil. (Effective October 1, 2009)

(a) For polyethylene terephthalate, the letters “PETE” and the number 1.
(b) For high density polyethylene, the letters “HDPE” and the number 2.
(c) For vinyl, the letter “V” and the number 3.
(d) For low density polyethylene, the letters “LDPE” and the number 4.
(e) For polypropylene, the letters “PP” and the number 6.
(f) For polystyrene, the letters “PS” and the number 7.
(g) For any other, the letters “OTHER” and the number 7.
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iii. Motor vehicle oil filters (effective October 1, 2009).

iv. Wooden pallets, except that wooden pallets maybe disposed of in a landfill that is
permitted to only accept construction and demolition debris (effective October 1,
2009).

v. Discarded computer equipment (effective April 1, 2011).

e. Asbestos waste will be accepted and managed in accordance with 40 CFR 61. The
waste will be covered immediately with soil in a manner that will not cause airborne
conditions and must be disposed of separate and apart from other solid wastes:

i. At the bottom of the working face or;

ii. In an area not contiguous with other disposal areas. Separate areas will be
clearly designated so that asbestos is not exposed by future land disturbing
activities.

f. Wastewater treatment sludges may be accepted either as a soil conditioner incorporated into or
applied onto vegetative growth layer but in no case greater than six inches in depth. Or
wastewater treatment sludges may be co-disposed in the lined area.

g. The County will continue a program at the Landfill for detecting and preventing the disposal of
hazardous and liquid wastes. (Section 5.3-Appendix I) This program will include, at a
minimum:

i. Random inspections of incoming loads or other comparable procedures;

ii. Records of any inspections;

iii. Training of facility personnel to recognize hazardous and liquid wastes.

iv. If hazardous wastes are identified by facility personnel, Emergency Management or
personnel trained, shall be notified to identify the waste and address removal, storage
and final deposition of the waste.

h. Waste placement will be within the areal limits of the base liner system and in a manner
consistent with the effective permit.

i. Special Wastes

The Landfill has handling capabilities and recycling/disposal options in place for all non-
hazardous and non-regulated special wastes currently banned from landfill disposal by the
State. These materials include whole tires, white goods, used oil, oil filters and lead-acid
batteries.

i. Tires are accepted at the landfill and stored in tractor trailers until they are
transported to a tire recycler.

ii. White goods & Scrap Metals are collected at the landfill and are managed on a
concrete pad with push walls. Freon is removed as needed, and materials are then
transported to a metals recycler.

iii. Used oil is collected at the landfill. All oil collected is recycled either as refined
lubrication oil or as fuel.

iv. Oil filters also have a designated collection area at the convenience center. These
are collected and recycled by a contracted oil recycler.
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v. Lead-acid batteries are accepted for recycling at the household trash and recycling
convenience center at the landfill.

vi. Antifreeze has a designated collection container for recycling. This material is
handled by the contracted oil recycler.

vii. Electronic waste is staged on concrete pad inside of trailers at the White Goods Area.
The material is recycled by a certified e-recycler.

2. Cover material requirements.

a. Except as in Part (b), The County must cover disposed solid waste with six inches of earthen
material at the end of each operating day, or at more frequent intervals if necessary, to control
disease vectors, fires, odors blowing litter, and scavenging.

b. Alternative cover materials may be used as daily cover on the working face or until it is
necessary to cover with earthen material. The alternative cover material must be approved by
the Division of Waste Management and applied according to manufacturers recommendations.
At a minimum soil cover will be used once every seven (7) days. (See Section 5.4)

c. Areas which will not have additional wastes placed on them for 12 months or more, but where
final termination of disposal operations has not occurred, will be covered with a minimum of one
foot of intermediate cover.

3. Disease vector control

a. The County will prevent or control on-site populations of disease vectors using techniques
appropriate for protection of human health and the environment. At the end of every day,
waste will be covered by 6” of soil cover. Any waste that requires immediate cover, will be
covered immediately with soil.

b. "Disease vectors" means any rodents, flies, mosquitoes, or other animals, including insects,
capable of transmitting disease to humans.

4. Explosive gases control

a. The County must ensure that:

i. The concentration of methane gas generated by the landfill does not exceed 25 percent
of the lower explosive limit for methane in landfill structures (excluding gas control or
recovery system components); and

ii. The concentration of methane gas does not exceed 100 percent of the lower explosive
limit for methane at the landfill property boundary.

b. The County will implement a routine gas monitoring program to ensure that the standards of
4 (a) are met. (see document submitted under separate cover entitled "Landfill Gas Monitoring
Plan - Lincoln County Landfill Phase 4")

i. The type and frequency of monitoring must be determined based on the following
factors:
(i) Soil conditions;

(ii) The hydrogeologic conditions surrounding the facility;

(iii) The hydraulic conditions surrounding the facility;

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(iv) The location of facility structures and property boundaries.

ii. The minimum frequency of monitoring will be quarterly.

c. If methane gas levels exceeding the limits specified in 4 (a) are detected, the owner or operator
will:

i. Immediately take all necessary steps to ensure protection of human health, i.e. no
smoking, temporarily abandon the structure and notify the Division of Waste
Management.

ii. Within seven days of detection, place in the operating record the methane gas levels
detected and a description of the steps taken to protect human health; and

iii. Within 60 days of detection, implement a remediation plan for the methane gas
releases, place a copy of the plan in the operating record, and notify the Division of
Waste Management that the plan has been implemented. The plan will describe the
nature and extent of the problem and the proposed remedy.

d. "Lower explosive limit" means the lowest percent by volume of a mixture of explosive gases in
air that will propagate a flame at 25° C and atmospheric pressure.

5. Air Criteria

a. The County will ensure that the landfill does not violate any applicable requirements developed
under a State Implementation Plan (SIP) approved or promulgated by the US. EPA
Administrator pursuant to Section 110 of the Clean Air Act, as amended.

b. Open burning of solid waste, except for the infrequent burning of land clearing debris generated
on site or debris from emergency clean-up operations, is prohibited. Any such infrequent
burning will be approved by the Division of Waste Management, NC Division of Air Quality and
the local fire department or fire marshal.

c. In the event of an emergency the operator(s) will call 911. Earth moving equipment will be
provided to control accidental fires. Arrangements have been made with the local fire
department to provide actual fire protection. The site will be served by the Crouse Volunteer
Fire Department Station. This Fire Department is located with 3.5 miles of the landfill. Should
the need arise Lincolnton Fire Department and Cherryville Fire Department are also located
within 6 miles of the landfill. This Fire department has access at all times to the landfill to
provide fire fighting services when needed. Fire extinguishers are located in all buildings and
on all equipment. Dirt piles are also on site to use in emergency situations. Landfill personnel
can use soil to isolate the fire so it will not spread any further but actual fighting of the fire
should be the responsibility of the trained fire department.

d. Fires that occur at the landfill will be reported to the Division of Waste Management within 24
hours and written notification will be submitted within 15 days. Written Notification may be
submitted by using NCDENR - Fire Occurrence Form.(Section 5.6 - Appendix IV)

6. Access and safety requirements

a. The landfill will be adequately secured by means of gates, chains, beams, fences and other
security measures approved by the Division of Waste Management to prevent unauthorized
entry.

b. An attendant will be on duty at the site at all times while it is open for public use to ensure
compliance with operational requirements.

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c. The access road to the site will be of all-weather construction and maintained in good condition.

d. Dust control measures will be implemented when necessary. If dust problems should arise, the
County will use any reasonable means necessary to reduce it. At a minimum the County will
spray water on necessary areas.

e. Signs providing information on tipping or disposal procedures, the hours during which the site is
open for public use, the permit number and other pertinent information will be posted at the site
entrance.

f. Signs will be posted stating that no hazardous or liquid waste can be received.

g. Traffic signs or markers will be provided as necessary to promote an orderly traffic
pattern to and from the discharge area and to maintain efficient operating conditions.

h. The removal of solid waste from the landfill will be prohibited unless the County approves and
the removal is not performed on the working face.

i. Barrels and drums will not be disposed of unless they are empty and perforated sufficiently to
ensure that no liquid or hazardous waste is contained therein, except fiber drums containing
asbestos.

7. Erosion and Sedimentation Control Requirements

a. Adequate sediment control measures (structures or devices), will be utilized to prevent silt from
leaving the landfill.

b. Adequate sediment control measures (structures or devices), will be utilized to prevent
excessive on-site erosion.

c. Provisions for a vegetative ground cover sufficient to restrain erosion will be accomplished
within 15 working days or 30 calendar days upon completion of any phase of landfill
development.

8. Drainage Control and Water Protection Requirements

a. Surface water will be diverted from the operational area and will not be impounded over waste..

b. Solid waste will not be disposed of in water.

c. Leachate will be contained on site and properly treated prior to discharge.

d. The landfill will not:

(i) Cause a discharge of pollutants into waters of the United States, including wetlands,
that violates any requirements of the Clean Water Act, including, but not limited to, the
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) requirements pursuant to
Section 402.

(ii) Cause the discharge of a nonpoint source of pollution to waters of the United
States, including wetlands, that violates any requirements of an area-wide or state-wide
water quality management plan that has been approved under Section 208 or 319 of
the Clean Water Act, as amended.

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9. Liquids Restriction

a. Bulk or non-containerized liquid waste will not be placed in the landfill unless:

(i) The waste is household waste other than septic waste and waste oil,

(ii) The waste is leachate or gas condensate derived from the landfill.

b. Containers holding liquid wastes will not be placed in the landfill unless:

(i) The container is a small container similar in size to that normally found in household
waste;

(ii) The container is designed to hold liquids for use other than storage; or

(iii) The waste is household waste.

c. For the purpose of this paragraph:

(i) Liquid waste means any waste material that is determined to contain "free liquids" as
defined by Paint Filter Free Liquid Testing Method SW-846 Method 9095B(2004).

d. Test for free liquids:

Sludges or other wastes may be tested for free liquids after previous screening tests have
shown that the waste is not hazardous and does not contain PCB’s. The specified test to
determine whether or not a material is considered to be a liquid is the Paint Filter Free Liquid
Testing Method SW-846 Method 9095B(2004). The procedure for conducting this test is as
follows:

(i) Obtain standard 400- micron paint filter;

(ii) Place a properly-sized, clean, dry funnel in a ring stand or similar
device;

(iii) Fold the filter and line the funnel with it;

(iv) Place a 100 ml sample of waste into the funnel;

(v) Place a clean, dry container under the funnel; and,

(vi) Check in exactly 5 minutes to see if any liquid is in the container.

(vii) If any liquid passes through the filter in 5 minutes or less, the waste is considered to be
a liquid. The filtrate can be water, oil or any combination of any non-hazardous liquids.

10. Record keeping Requirements

a. The County's MSWLF will record and retain at the facility, or an alternative location near the
facility approved by the Division of Waste Management, in an operating record the following
information as it becomes available.

(i) Inspection records, waste determination records, and training procedures;

(ii) Amounts by weight of solid waste received at the landfill to include source of
generation.

(iii) Waste determination, Leachate sampling data, leachate levels, meteorological data ;

(iv) Gas monitoring results and any remediation plans;
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(v) Any demonstration, certification, findings, monitoring, testing or analytical data required
for surface and groundwater monitoring;

(vi) Any monitoring, testing or analytical data required for closure or post-closure; and,

(vii) Any cost estimates and financial assurance documentation.

b. All information contained in the operating record will be furnished upon request to the Division
of Waste Management or be made available at all reasonable times for inspection by the
Division.

c. The County will maintain a copy of the operation plan at the landfill.

11. Spreading and Compacting Requirements

a. The initial lift of solid waste will be placed over the drainage area of the sump. This lift will be
covered with six (6) inches of daily cover and intermediate cover where necessary. This lift will
absorb the rain water and allow some of it to evaporate prior to reaching the leachate collection
system. When a heavy rain does occur, the impact on the leachate collection system will not
be immediate. Prior to placement of solid waste over any leachate pipe, the geotextile fabric
that is covering the stone will be folded back so that solid waste will be in direct contact with the
stone. This method will not allow biological growth to develop on the geotextile which could
eventually clog the system.

b. The initial lift of solid waste will be placed loosely at a depth of 4 feet. As this lift is being
placed, a spotter should be placed in the landfill to assure that the compactor does not drive
any long, sharp objects through the protective cover into the liner system. If an object were to
penetrate the liner system, the protective cover must be removed and the penetration repaired.
The subsequent lifts can be placed up to final grades. Heavy landfill equipment including
articulating dump trucks, and compactor will only be allowed on areas that have a minimum of
4’ of solid waste. Only low pressure equipment such as a D6 LGP Caterpillar will be allowed on
the protective cover.

c. The landfill will restrict solid waste into the smallest area feasible, typically 60’ x 75’ area.

d. Solid waste will be compacted as densely as practical into cells. The compactor should run over
an area of solid waste a minimum of 6 times.

e. Appropriate methods such as fencing and diking will be provided within the area to confine solid
waste subject to be blown by the wind. At the conclusion of each day of operation, all
windblown material resulting from the operation will be collected and returned to the area.

12. Leachate Management Plan

a. The County will maintain the leachate collection system utilizing the Leachate Collection
System Inspection Log (Section 5.5 - Appendix III). The County will:

(i) Record the rainfall after every occurrence;

(ii) Record pump readings monthly; and

(iii) Inspect Leachate Tanks monthly

b. The County will maintain records for the amount of leachate collected. The County will
maintain records of all contractor's contact information including the company name, address,
phone number, e-mail and/or permit numbers. The documents shall be place in the operating
record.

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c. The County will quality sample their leachate bi-annually for Appendix I constituents, pH, BOD,
COD, TDS, phosphate, nitrate, and sulfate. The sample will be obtained from the leachate
storage tanks and sampled the same time as the monitoring wells.

d. The leachate is being treated by the Lincolnton WWTP .

e. Under extreme operational conditions the County has the option of shutting down the flow of
leachate to the pump station by shutting off the pump. The leachate will be temporarily stored
within the MSWLF units until such a time the flow of leachate can continue to the pump station.
If any rain or other event requires storage of leachate or storm water in the cell, the Division of
Waste Management will be notified immediately followed by written communication.

f. The leachate lines shall be flushed at least once per year. This can be done by using a
tanker full of either leachate or plain water. The liquid can either be pumped or gravity flow
into the cleanouts provided at the ends of the lines. Once the water is unloaded into the
collection system, there needs to be a visual inspection at the leachate storage tanks to assure
that the water unloaded into the system appears at the leachate storage tanks in a short period
of time. This is observed as an increase in the flow that is observed prior to unloading the
water into the system.

In the event that it cannot be visually determined whether or not the flow in the leachate line at
the leachate storage tanks has not increased, a flow measuring device shall be used at the end
of the leachate line flowing into the leachate storage tanks. The measurements need to be
done prior to dumping water into the collection system and after.

If it is determined that a blockage is in the line, the line shall be pressure cleaned and videoed
to assure that the blockage has been removed.

Records of all flushing either by gravity or pressurized shall become part of the operating
record. Any videos that have been taken shall also become part of the operating record.

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5.3 Appendix I - Waste Screening

A. INTRODUCTION

The municipal solid waste stream is made up of wastes from all sectors of society. The waste is often
categorized by its source or its characteristics. Terms used include commercial, industrial, residential,
biomedical, hazardous, household, solid, liquid, demolition/construction, sludge, etc. Regardless of
how one classifies wastes, the bottom line is that wastes are delivered to the landfill and a management
decision must be made to either reject or accept them. This responsibility rests with the manager of the
landfill. Wastes which are not authorized to be accepted at the landfill create a number of potential
problems including: (1) liability due to future releases of contaminants; (2) bad publicity if media learns
of unacceptable waste entering the landfill; (3) potential for worker injury; (4) exposure to civil or
criminal penalties; (5) damage to landfill environmental control systems.

B. HAZARDOUS WASTE REGULATIONS AND MANAGEMENT

In the United States, hazardous waste is regulated under RCRA, Subtitle C. A waste is hazardous if it is
listed as a hazardous waste by the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in the
Code of Federal Regulations, Title 40, Part 261, or if it meets one or more of the hazardous waste
criteria as defined by EPA. These criteria are:

1. Ignitability

Ignitable waste is a waste that burns readily, causes a fire by friction under normal circumstances, or is
an oxidizer. Any waste having a flash point of <140F falls in this category. Flash point is that
temperature at which a liquid gives off vapors that will ignite when an open flame is applied. Under
Department of Transportation (DOT) definitions, a flammable liquid has a flash point of >100 F. A
combustible liquid has a flash point between 100 and 200 F. Therefore, a flammable liquid is always
hazardous while a combustible liquid may or may not be hazardous depending upon its flash point.

2. Corrosivity

A corrosive waste is one having a very high or a very low pH. The pH of a liquid is a measure of how
acidic or basic (alkaline) the material is. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14. High numbers are basic
and low numbers are acidic. A substance having a pH <2.0 or >12.5 is defined as hazardous under
RCRA.

3. Reactivity

A waste is reactive if it is normally unstable: reacts violently with water; forms an explosive mixture with
water; contains quantities of cyanide or sulfur that could be released to the air; or can easily be
detonated or exploded. These wastes may fall into any one of several DOT categories.

4. Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP)

A waste is TCLP toxic if the concentration of any constituent in Table 1 exceeds the standard assigned
to that substance. The TCLP is a methodology which attempts to simulate the conditions within a
landfill. An acidic solution is passed through a sample of waste and the resultant "leachate" is analyzed
for contaminants. The TCLP is designed to detect heavy metals, pesticides and a few other organic
and inorganic compounds. The purpose of the test is to prevent groundwater contamination by highly
toxic materials. TCLP tests the mobility of 40 different elements and compounds.

Except in certain specified circumstances, regulated quantities of hazardous waste must be disposed of
at a permitted hazardous waste disposal facility. In accordance with 40 CFR Part 261.3, any material
contaminated by a hazardous waste is also deemed to be a hazardous waste and must be
managed as such. Hazardous waste from conditionally exempt small quantity generators are to be
disposed of in a Hazardous waste disposal facility. RCRA permits are also required to store, transport,
and treat hazardous waste.
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C. POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL'S (PCBs)

1. Introduction

PCBs are nonflammable and conduct heat without conducting electricity. These compounds were most
frequently used as an additive to oil or other liquids in situations where heat was involved. The PCBs
enhance the heat conducting properties of the liquid and thereby increase the heat dissipation or
cooling effect obtained. They have also been used in lubricants and paint. In the United States one of
the most common applications was in electric transformers. The only effective method for destroying
PCBs is high Temperature incineration which is relatively expensive due to a shortage of PCB
incineration capacity.

TABLE 1

T.C.L.P. CONSTITUENTS & REGULATORY LEVELS (mg/L)

CONSTITUENT REG LEVEL CONSTITUENT REG LEVEL
Arsenic 5.0 Hexachlorobenzene 0.13
Barium 100 Hexachloro-1,3-butadiene 0.5
Benzene 0.5 Hexachloroethane 3.0
Cadmium 1.0 Lead 5.0
Carbon Tetrachloride 0.5 Lindane 0.4
Chlordane 0.03 Mercury 0.2
Chlorobenzene 100 Methoxychlor 10.0
Chloroform 6.0 Methyl ethyl ketone 200
Chromium 5.0 Nitrobenzene 2.0
m-Cresol 200 Pentachlorophenol 100
o-Cresol 200 Pyridine 5.0
p-Cresol 200 Selenium 1.0
Cresol 200 Silver 5.0
1,4-Dichlorobenzene 10.0 Tetrachloroethylene 0.7
1,2-Dichloroethane 0.7 Toxaphene 0.5
1,1-Dichloroethylene 0.5 Trichloroethylene 0.5
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic
acid
0.7 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol 400
2,4-Dinitrotoluene 0.13 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol 2.0
Endrin 0.02 2,4,5-TP (Silvex) 1.0
Heptachlor (and its
hydroxide)
0.008 Vinyl Chloride 0.2

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By law PCB's are no longer used as dielectrics in transformers and capacitors manufactured after 1979.
There are many millions of pounds of PCBs still in use or in storage. One example is the ballasts used
in fluorescent light fixtures. It has been estimated that there are between 0.5 million and 1.5 billion
ballasts currently in use in this country. Due to the long life of these units, about half of these may be of
pre-1979 manufacture and contain PCBs. Since each ballast contains about one ounce of nearly pure
PCB fluid, there are about 20 to 30 million pounds of PCBs in existing lighting fixtures.

These items are not the subject to RCRA Subtitle D Waste Screening!

Commercial or industrial sources of PCB wastes that should be addressed by the program include:

• Mineral oil and dielectric fluids containing PCBs;

• Contaminated soil, dredged material, sewage sludge, rags, and other debris from a release of
PCBs;

• Transformers and other electrical equipment containing dielectric fluids; and

• Hydraulic machines.

2. PCB Regulatory Requirements

As contrasted to hazardous wastes, the Toxic Substance Control Act regulates PCBs based on the
concentration of PCBs in the waste rather than the source or characteristic of the waste. The
regulations concerning PCB disposal are spelled out in 40 CFR Part 761. Subtitle D of RCRA merely
requires that PCB waste not be disposed in a MSW landfill. PCB management requirements include:

Waste containing more than 500 ppm of PCBs must be incinerated. Waste containing from 50 to 500
ppm must be disposed of by incineration, approved burning, or in chemical waste landfill permitted to
receive such wastes. The regulations are silent concerning wastes containing less than 50 ppm of
PCBs; however, the regulations cannot be circumvented by diluting stronger wastes.

D. FUNDAMENTALS OF WASTE SCREENING

1. Know Your Generators and Haulers

Since the level of sophistication of your waste screening program will be a reflection of the likelihood of
hazardous waste and PCB waste being in your incoming waste, knowledge of the commercial
industrial base of your service area is critical. Some examples are the automotive industry, which
generates solvents, paint wastes, lead acid batteries, grease and oil; the dry cleaning industry, which
may generate filters containing dry cleaning solvents; metal platers which generate heavy metal
wastes; and other industries which generate a variety of undesirable wastes; e.g. chemical and related
products, petroleum refining, primary metals, electrical and electronic machinery, etc.

Landfill managers should also know the haulers and trucks serving the businesses in their community
which are likely to carry unacceptable wastes.

Some local governments and solid waste management agencies have enacted legislation requiring
haulers to provide a manifest showing the customers whose wastes make up that particular load. Such
a manifest is an extremely useful tool when a load is found to contain prohibited wastes. It is unwise to
accept wastes from unknown, unlicensed, or otherwise questionable haulers.

2. Inspections

An inspection is typically a visual observation of the incoming waste loads by an individual who is
trained to identify regulated hazardous or PCB wastes that would not be acceptable for disposal at the
MSWLF unit. The training of landfill personnel will be conducted by a local EMS official or a SWANA
certification. An inspection is considered satisfactory if the inspector knows the nature of all materials
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received in the load and is able to discern whether the materials are potentially regulated hazardous
wastes or PCB wastes.
Ideally, all loads should be screened; however, it is generally not practical to inspect in detail all
incoming loads. Random inspections, therefore, can be used to provide a reasonable means to
adequately control the receipt of inappropriate wastes. Random inspections are simply inspections
made on less than every load. At a minimum the inspection frequency will not be less than one percent
of the waste stream.

The frequency of random inspections may be based on the type and quantity of wastes received daily,
and the accuracy and confidence desired in conclusions drawn from inspection observations. Because
statistical parameters are not provided in the regulation, a reasoned, knowledge-based approach may
be taken. A random inspection program may take many forms such as inspecting every incoming load
one day out of every month or inspecting one or more loads from transporters of wastes of
unidentifiable nature each day. If these inspections indicate that unauthorized wastes are being
brought to the MSWLF site, the random inspection program should be modified to increase the
frequency of inspections.

Inspection priority also can be given to haulers with unknown service areas, to loads brought to the
facility in vehicles not typically used for disposal of municipal solid waste, and to loads transported by
previous would-be offenders. For wastes of unidentifiable nature received from sources other than
households (e.g., industrial or commercial establishments), the inspector should question the
transporter about the source/composition of the materials.

An inspection flow chart to identify, accept, or refuse solid waste is provided as Figure 1.

Inspections of materials may be accomplished by discharging the vehicle load in an area designed to
contain potentially hazardous wastes that may arrive at the facility. The waste should be carefully
spread for observation using a front end loader or other piece of equipment. The Division of Waste
Management recommends that waste should be hand raked to spread the load. Personnel should be
trained to identify suspicious wastes. Some indications of suspicious wastes are:

• Hazardous placards or markings;
• Liquids;
• Powders or dusts;
• Sludges;
• Bright or unusual colors;
• Drums or commercial size containers; or
• Chemical odors.

The County will follow these procedures when suspicious wastes are discovered.

• Segregate the wastes;
• Question the driver;
• Review the manifest (if applicable);
• Contact possible source;
• Call the State Solid Waste Management Department;
• Use appropriate protective equipment;
• Contact laboratory support if required; and
• Notify the local Hazardous Material Response Team.

Containers with contents that are not easily identifiable, such as unmarked 55-gallon drums, should be
opened only by properly trained personnel. Because these drums could contain hazardous waste, they
should be refused whenever possible. Upon verifying that the solid waste is acceptable, it may then be
transferred to the working face for disposal.

Testing typically would include the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) and other tests
for characteristics of hazardous wastes including corrositivity, ignitability, and reactivity. Wastes that
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are suspected of being hazardous should be handled and stored as a hazardous waste until a
determination is made.

If the wastes temporarily stored at the site are determined to be hazardous, the County is responsible
for the management of the waste. If the wastes are to be transported from the facility, the waste must
be: (1) stored at the MSWLF facility in accordance with requirements of a hazardous waste generator,
(2) manifested, (3) transported by a licensed Treatment, Storage, or Disposal (TSD) facility for disposal.

E. RECORD KEEPING AND NOTIFICATION REQUIREMENTS

Records must be kept pursuant to an incident where regulated hazardous waste or prohibited waste is
found at the landfill. It is also recommended that records be kept of all screening activities and
incidents, whether or not, regulated or prohibited wastes are found. This will help prove that the landfill
owner/operator has acted in a prudent and reasonable manner.

The best way to prove compliance with this requirement is to document each inspection including:

Date and time of waste detection
Hauler name (company and driver)
Waste(s) detected
Waste generator(s) if able to identify
Action(s) taken to manage or return material(s)
Efforts taken if extreme toxicity or hazard was discovered
Landfill employee in responsible charge

40 CFR Part 258 requires that records should be maintained at or near the landfill site during its active
life and as long after as may be required by the appropriate state or local regulations.

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Record
Inspection
Deliver to
Working Face
Waste is identified as
Non-Hazardous
Record
Inspection
Return to Working
Face and Dispose
Waste Determined to
be Non-Hazardous
Record Inspection
and Notify State
Director
Manifest and Transport Wastes to a Facility
Permitted to Handle the Hazardous Waste (e.g.
A Facility with a RCRA Permit or Interim Status
Waste Determined to
be Hazardous
Have Wastes Tested
Including Unidentified
Containerized Wastes
Isolate Wastes by
Moving to Temporary
Storage Area
Waste is not Readily
Identifiable
Record
Inspection
Refuse Waste
Waste is Identified as a
Hazardous Waste
Waste inspected by Personnel Trained
to Recognize Hazardous Wastes Prior
to Delivery at Working Face

FIGURE 1
Hazardous Waste Inspection Decision Tree
Inspection Prior to Working Face

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WASTE SCREENING CHECK LIST
(CHECK ALL THAT APPLY)

CONTAINERS YES NO

FULL……………………………………………………….. _____ _____

PARTIALLY FULL……………………………………….. _____ _____

EMPTY…………………………………………………….. _____ _____

CRUSHED…………………………………………………. _____ _____

PUNCTURED……………………………………………… _____ _____

POWDERS/DUSTS

IDENTIFIED……………………………………………… _____ _____

UNKNOWN………………………………………………. _____ _____

SATURATION…………………………………………… _____ _____

LABEL/HAZARDOUS…………………………………… _____ _____

ODOR/FUMES

STRONG…………………………………………………. _____ _____

FAINT……………………………………………………. _____ _____

HEAT…………………………………………………….. _____ _____

ITEMS FOUND

BATTERIES……………………………………………… _____ _____

OIL……………………………………………………….. _____ _____

BIOMEDICAL…………………………………………… _____ _____

RADIOACTIVE………………………………………….. _____ _____

ASHES/RESIDUE………………………………………… _____ _____

SOD/SOIL………………………………………………… _____ _____

LIQUID…………………………………………………… _____ _____

HAZARDOUS……………………………………………. _____ _____

PCB'S…………………………………………………….. _____ _____

OTHER....................................................................... _____ _____

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DETAILED SCREENING REPORT

WASTE SOURCE_____________________________________________________________________
ADDRESS________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________

PROBABLE [ ] SUSPECTED [ ] CONFIRMED [ ]

WASTE HAULER_____________________________________________________________________
ADDRESS________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________

DRIVER’S NAME______________________________________________________________________
DETAIL__________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________

NOTIFIED:

WASTE SOURCE [ ] HAULING MANAGEMENT [ ] SITE MANAGEMENT [ ]

STATE [ ] FEDERAL [ ]

NAME________________________________________________________________
WITNESS (IF ANY)______________________________________________________
DATE____________________TIME_____________________ AM PM
______________________________________________________________________

ACTION REQUIRED:

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PRE-ACCEPTANCE AGREEMENT

DATE___________________ TIME____________________ WEIGH BILL ________________

CLERK OR RECEIVING AGENT__________________________________________________________

CUSTOMER NAME/NUMBER OR IDENTIFICATION _________________________________________

VEHICLE LICENSE _____________________________ STATE__________________________

WASTE DESCRIPTION (CHECK ALL THAT APPLY):

RESIDENTIAL [ ] COMMERCIAL [ ] INDUSTRIAL [ ]

INSTITUTIONAL [ ] YARD TRIMMING [ ] SPECIAL [ ]

SPECIAL DESCRIPTION: ______________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

TOTAL WEIGHT _________________________

WEIGHT OF VEHICLE(TARE WEIGHT) _________________________

WEIGHT OF WASTE DELIVERED _________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

HAULER AGREES AND WARRANTS THAT HE/SHE IS DELIVERING SOILD WASTE ONLY FOR THIS
LOAD AND ANY SUBSEQUENT LOADS TO THIS FACILITY. HAULER DOES HEARBY INDEMNIFY THE
FACILITY OPERATOR FOR DAMAGES CAUSED BY THE DELIVERY OF ANY HAZARDOUS/TOXIC OR
OTHERWISE UNACCEPTABLE MATERIAL.

__________________________________________________
DRIVER'S SIGNATURE

5.4 Appendix II - Alternate Cover Materials (ACM)
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ACM: Automotive Shredder Residuals (ASR)

Approved Landfill Use: MSWLF and C&DLF (lined)

Material Characteristics: Automotive shredder residuals are the fines remaining after scrap cars have passed
through a shredder and all recoverable materials have been removed. ASR can consist of glass, synthetic
fibers, rubber, plastics, automobile liquids residue, metal fines and dirt. It is possible for the ASR to contain
substances considered hazardous such as lead, cadmium and PCB.

Usage Criteria:

1. ASR can be applied, in lieu of soil, to a depth of six inches given calm site (weather) conditions.
2. If site (weather) conditions are, or are forecast to be , windy the ASR must either be:
a). Mixed with soil at a ration of 50% soil with 50% ASR prior to application on the working face, or
b) Placed on the working face to a minimum depth of 3" and then covered with soil a minimum
depth of 3".
3. During use of ASR as an ACM, soil cover to a full depth of six inches shall be applied once per week.
4 ASR shall not be used on any exterior/outside slopes and may not be used for intermediate cover.
5. The ASR must be sourced from within the approved service are of the landfill facility.

* A CDLF equipped with a liner system may use the ASR as alternate daily cover only. Use of
more than six inches equates to disposal. ASR is not a C&D waste. To dispose of ASR in a lined
CDLF, contact the Permitting Branch of the solid Waste Section for further clarification.

ACM: Combustion Residuals (CR)/Ash

Approved Landfill Use: MSWLF and C&DLF (lined)*, IndLF (lined)*

Material Characteristics: Construction Combustion Residuals or Ash are, generally, the residuals remaining
from the combustion of coal or the incineration of waste materials. The CR/Ash generally consists of fine
particles such as fly-ash as well as larger particles similar to sand, gravel or stone.

Usage Criteria:

1. CR/Ash can be applied, in lieu of soil, to a full depth of six inches given calm site (weather) conditions.
2. If site (weather) conditions are, or are forecast to be , windy the CR/Ash must either be:
a). Mixed with soil at a ration of 50% soil with 50% CR/Ash prior to application on the working
face if it can become airborne or exhibits dust like properties, or
b) Placed on the working face to a minimum depth of 3" and then covered with soil a minimum
depth of 3".
3. During use of CR/Ash as an ACM, soil cover to a full depth of six inches shall be applied once per
week, unless otherwise approved by the Section*.
4 CR/Ash may not be used for intermediate cover, if it can become airborne or exhibits dust like
properties.
5. The CR/Ash must be sourced from within the approved service area of the landfill facility..

Warning: Some materials, such as flue gas desulfurization residue, are destined for recycle and
cannot be contaminated with soil. Site Specific handling practices should be discussed with the
Solid Waste Section prior to implementation.

* A CDLF equipped with a liner system may use the CR as alternate daily cover only. Use of more
than six inches equates to disposal. CR is not a C&D waste. To dispose of CR in a lined CDLF,
or a non-CCB industrial landfill, contact the Permitting Branch of the solid Waste Section for
further clarification.

ACM: Construction and Demolition Debris (C&D) Fines
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Approved Landfill Use: MSWLF and C&DLF (lined)

Material Characteristics: Construction and Demolition Debris Fines are, generally, the residuals and fine
particles remaining in the bottom of dumpsters, roll-off containers and trucks used in the transportation or
processing of C&D debris.

Usage Criteria:

1. C&D Fines can be applied, in lieu of soil, to a full depth of six inches given calm site (weather)
conditions.
2. If site (weather) conditions are, or are forecast to be , windy the ASR must either be:
a). Mixed with soil at a ration of 50% soil with 50% C&D Fines prior to application on the working
face, or
b) Placed on the working face to a minimum depth of 3" and then covered with soil a minimum
depth of 3".
3. During use of C&D Fines as an ACM, soil cover to a full depth of six inches shall be applied once per
week.
4 C&D Fines shall not be used on any exterior/outside slopes and may not be used for intermediate
cover.
5. The C&D Fines must be sourced from within the approved service are of the landfill facility.

* Warning: C&D fines can contain large percentages of drywall dust or gypsum. These materials
may produce significant amounts of hydrogen sulfide, an obnoxious smelling compound. If
odor problems develop, the use of the fines should be suspended immediately and the
offending area covered with soil.

ACM: Petroleum Contaminated Soils (PCS)

Approved Landfill Use: MSWLF and C&DLF (lined)*, IndLF (lined)*

Material Characteristics: Petroleum Contaminated Soils are, generally, native soils contaminated with some
petroleum liquid. Generally, these soils are to be sourced from environmental cleanup sites, spill sites or sites
associated with above ground or underground storage tank (AST or UST) removal. In the case of ACM usage,
petroleum is narrowly defined as low to medium boiling point petroleum derived fuels such as gasoline,
kerosene, diesel, motor oil, mineral spirits and fuel oils #11 through #6. All other petroleum derived liquids such
as solvents, acids, tars and asphalts are excluded. In all cases, the concentration of Total Petroleum
Hydrocarbons (TPH) in the PCS cannot exceed 3,000 parts per million (PPM) regardless of type or test method.
The material may not contain chlorinated solvents or other hazardous materials or exhibit the hazardous
characteristic of flammable.

Usage Criteria:

1. PCS can be applied, in lieu of soil, to a full depth of six inches.
2. The PCS must be stockpiled within the disposal area and shall be managed and applied in such a way
that runoff cannot leave the lined landfill area.
3. The PCS shall be managed in such a way to prevent run-off and fugitive emissions (i.e. use of tarps,
berms and/or wetting to prevent blowing).
4. PCS is prohibited from disposal. Therefore, the facility may not accept more PCS than can be used in a
45 day period. The amount of PCS accepted should not exceed 20% of the permitted facility average
monthly waste stream.
5. PCS shall not be used on any exterior/outside slopes and may not be used for intermediate cover.
6. The PCS must be sourced from within the approved service area of the landfill facility.

7. PCS can only be used at lined landfill facilities.
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8. Records must be maintained in the facility operating record indicating the volume of PCS accepted and
applied at the facility on a daily basis.

* A CDLF or IndLF equipped with a liner system may use the PCS as alternate daily cover only.
Use of more than six inches equates to disposal. PCS is neither a C&D nor an Industrial waste.
To dispose of PCS in a lined CDLF, or an non-CCB industrial landfill, contact the Permitting
Branch of the Solid Waste Section for further clarification.

ACM: Spray-applied Mortar Coating (SMC)

Approved Landfill Use: MSWLF, C&DLF and IndLF

Material Characteristics: SMC is, generally, a commercially sourced non-flammable, non-toxic product
containing proprietary components including mix setting agents, reinforcing materials and cement. Other
components, such as latex paint, may also be added to the mixture. All of the components are mixed on site
with water and/or leachate to produce a slurry that is then spray applied to the working face.

Usage Criteria:

1. SMC can be applied, in lieu of soil, given appropriate site (weather) conditions.
2. SMC must be applied in accordance with the manufacturer's application guidelines.
3. SMC must be applied in two directions to ensure adequate coverage.
4. During the use of SMC as an ACM, soil cover to a full depth of six inches shall be applied once per
week unless otherwise approved by the Section.
5. The use of non-hazardous latex or water based paint in the mixture is approved provided that the paint
has been collected for recycling.

ACM: Foam Coating (Foam)

Approved Landfill Use: MSWLF, C&DLF and IndLF

Material Characteristics: Foam Coating is, generally, a commercially sourced non-flammable, non-toxic, non-
hardening water based product. The proprietary liquid concentrate is delivered to the site and diluted with water
prior to application with proprietary equipment.

Usage Criteria:

1. Foam can be applied, in lieu of soil, given appropriate site (weather) conditions.
2. Foam must be applied in accordance with the manufacturer's application guidelines.
3. During the use of Foam as an ACM, soil cover to a full depth of six inches shall be applied once per
week.
4. The use of non-hazardous latex or water based paint in the mixture is approved provided that the paint
has been collected for recycling.
5. Foam shall not be used on any exterior/outside slopes and may not be used for intermediate cover.

ACM: Foundry Sand (Sand)
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Approved Landfill Use: MSWLF, C&DLF (lined)* and IndLF (lined)*

Material Characteristics: Foundry Sand is , generally, a by-product of the smelting and forging processes for
metals fabrication. Metal pieces and particulate may also be found in the sand. Prior to use, a Toxicity
Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) analysis must be performed to ensure no hazardous constituents
are found in the sand at the source. The TCLP analysis results must be submitted with the Operation Plan
revision.

Usage Criteria:

1. Sand can be applied, in lieu of soil, to a full depth of six inches.
2. The Sand must be stockpiled within the disposal area and shall be managed and applied in such a way
that runoff cannot leave the lined landfill area.
3. The Sand shall be managed in such a way to prevent runoff and fugitive emissions (i.e. use of tarps,
berms and/or wetting to prevent blowing).
4. Sand is prohibited from disposal. Therefore, the facility may not accept more Sand than can be used in
a 45 day period. The amount of Sand accepted should not exceed 20% of the permitted facility average
monthly waste stream.
5. Sand shall not be used on any exterior/outside slopes and may not be used for intermediate cover.
6. The Sand must be sourced from within the approved service area of the landfill facility.
7. Sand can only be used at lined landfill facilities.
8. Records must be maintained in the facility operating record indicating the volume of Sand accepted and
applied at the facility on a daily basis.

* A CDLF or IndLF equipped with a liner system may use the Sand as alternate daily cover only.
Use of more than six inches equates to disposal. Sand is not a C&D waste. To dispose of Sand
in a lined CDLF, a lined landfill not previously permitted to accept it or a or an non-CCB
industrial landfill, contact the Permitting Branch of the Solid Waste Section for further
clarification.

ACM: Soil/Mulch Mixture (S&M)

Approved Landfill Use: MSWLF, C&DLF and IndLF

Material Characteristics: Soil/Mulch Mixture is, generally, a mixture of native soils and wood mulch generated
from grinding of yard trash, land clearing debris and pallets constructed of unpainted and untreated natural
wood. Additionally, shredded tire chips may be used in addition to, or in lieu of, wood mulch.

Usage Criteria:

1. S&M can be applied, in lieu of soil, to a full depth of six inches.
2. S&M can be mixed at a ratio from 80% soil to 20% mulch up to 50% soil to 50% mulch by volume.
3. During the use of S&M as an ACM, soil cover to a full depth of six inches shall be applied once per
week.
4. S&M may not be used for intermediate cover.

ACM: Synthetic Tarps (Tarps)
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Approved Landfill Use: MSWLF, C&DLF and IndLF

Material Characteristics: Synthetic Tarps are, generally, a commercially sourced non-flammable, non-toxic,
sheet product constructed of an impermeable synthetic polymer typically reinforced with fibers. Acceptable
sheet products include, but are not limited to, geotextiles, polyethylene membranes, plastic film, tarps and
composite geotextile/plastic membranes. Tarps may be applied by hand, using landfill equipment and/or and
Automatic Tarping Machine (ATM).

Usage Criteria:

1. Tarps can be applied, in lieu of soil, given appropriate site (weather) conditions.
2. Tarps must cover the entire working face. Any waste not covered by tarps must be covered by soil.
3. Tarps must be secured in place with the use of soils or other ballast system such as tires or sand bags.
4. During the use of Tarps as an ACM, soil cover to a full depth of six inches shall be applied once per
week.
5. Tarps shall not be used on any exterior/outside slopes and may not be used for intermediate cover.

5.5 Appendix III - Leachate Collection System Inspection Log and Rainfall Log

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Lincoln County Leachate Collection System Inspection Log

Rainfall
____________ inches (measured after each occurrence)

Pump Readings

Pump #_____:

____________ Date

____________ Hrs. Run (total weekly)*

____________ Gallons Pumps (total weekly)**

Manually Operate Pump____________ Date (monthly)

Pump #_____:

____________ Date

____________ Hrs. Run (total weekly)*

____________ Gallons Pumps (total weekly)**

Manually Operate Pump____________ Date (monthly)

Leachate Tank(s)

Inspection of Storage Tanks ____________ Date (Monthly)

Inspection of Containment Tanks ____________ Date (Monthly)

Repairs to Storage Tanks ____________ Date

Repairs to Containment Tanks ____________ Date

Leachate Lines

Date Videoed _____________

Date Flushed _____________

Comments
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________

*Hours Run/Week = Previous Week’s Hours – This Weeks Hours
**Gallons Pumped/Week = Previous week’s gallons – This week’s gallons

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LINCOLN COUNTY RAINFALL LOG

DATE RAINFALL (INCHES)

5.6 Appendix IV - Solid Waste Management Facility Fire Occurrence Notification Form
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5.7 Operation Drawings

5.5.1 Title Sheet
5.5.2 Index Sheet
5.5.3 Initial Placement of Waste
5.5.4 5 Year Fill Plan
5.5.5 5 Year Fill with Methane Venting Plan
5.5.6 Operation Details

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SECTION 6.0

CLOSURE
PLAN

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6.1 Introduction

The County will cap their landfill within 180 days after the final receipt of solid waste. The cap system will
consist of 12 inches bridging material (temporary cover), 18 inches of cohesive soil liner with a permeability no
greater than 1.0 x 10-5 cm/sec, 40 mil Linear Low Density Polyethylene (LLDPE), drainage layer, 24 inches of
protective/erosive layer. All depths shall be measured perpendicular to the slope surface. The post-settlement
surface slopes on the cap system will be a minimum of 5 percent and a maximum of 25 percent. The cap
contains gas venting system consisting of a series of washed stone trenches below the soil liner that will be
vented through 10” diameter PVC pipes that penetrate the cap. The cap system will also include the proper
seeding and mulching of the erosive layer and other erosion control devices.

The largest area to be closed within the permitted life will be 40 acres.

The estimate of the maximum inventory of wastes ever on-site, over the active life to date, of the landfill facility
is 2,000,256 cubic yards.

Prior to beginning closure, the County shall notify the Division of Waste Management that a notice of the intent
to close the unit has been placed in the operating record. The County shall begin closure activities no later than
thirty (30) days after the date on which the landfill receives the final wastes or if the landfill has remaining
capacity and there is a reasonable likelihood that the landfill will receive additional wastes, no later than one
year after the most recent receipt of wastes. Extensions beyond the one-year deadline for beginning closure
may be granted by the Division of Waste Management if the County demonstrates that the landfill has the
capacity to receive additional waste and the County has taken and will continue to take all steps necessary to
prevent threats to human health and the environment from the closed landfill.

The County shall complete closure activities in accordance with the closure plan within 180 days following the
final receipt of waste. Extensions of the closure period may be granted by the Division of Waste Management if
the County demonstrates that closure will, of necessity, take longer than one hundred eighty (180) days and the
County has taken and will continue to take all steps to prevent threats of human health and environment from
the enclosed landfill.

Estimated schedule of closure will be approximately 33.57 years.

Following closure of the landfill, the County shall notify the Division that a certification, signed by the Engineer
verifying that closure has been completed in accordance with the closure plan, and has been placed in the
operating record. The County shall record a notation on the deed to the landfill property and notify the Division
of Waste Management that the notation has been recorded and a copy has been placed in the operating record.
The notation on the deed shall in perpetuity notify any potential purchaser of the property that the land has been
used as a landfill and its use is restricted under the closure plan approved by the Division of Waste
Management. The County may request permission from the Division to remove the notation from the deed if all
waste are removed from the landfill.

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6.2 Closure Cap System

All materials and equipment shall be furnished by an established and reputable manufacturer or supplier. All
materials and equipment shall be new and shall be of first class ingredients and construction, designed and
guaranteed to perform the service required and shall conform with the following standard specifications or shall
be the product of the listed manufacturers or similar and equal thereto as approved by the Engineer.

6.2.1 Conformance Testing for Interface Friction Angles of Capping Materials

Conformance testing for Interface Friction Angles, for every 200,000 square feet of capping materials is as
follows:

1. Minimum Friction Angle for soil to textured LLDPE liner is 26 degrees and the test method is
ASTM 5321.

2. Minimum Friction Angle for textured LLDPE liner to 330 mil double bonded geocomposite drainage
net is 24 degrees and the test method is ASTM 5321.

3. Minimum Friction Angle for 330 mil double bonded geocomposite drainage net to soil is 26 degrees
and the test method is ASTM 5321.

6.3 Closure Cohesive Soil Cap

All materials and equipment shall be furnished by an established and reputable manufacturer or supplier. All
materials and equipment shall be new and shall be of first class ingredients and construction, designed and
guaranteed to perform the service required and shall conform with the following standard specifications or shall
be the product of the listed manufacturers or similar and equal thereto as approved by the Engineer.

Cohesive Soil Cap Borrow Material

Test Name Test Method Contractor/Engineer Frequency
Moisture/Density ASTM D698/D1557 1 per 5000 c.y.
Remolded Permeability ASTM D5084 1 per 5000 c.y.
Atterberg Limits ASTM D4318 1 per 5000 c.y.
Visual Classification ASTM D2487 1 per 5000 c.y.
Grain Size Distribution ASTM D422 1 per 5000 c.y.

Cohesive Soil Cap Test Pad

Test Name Test Method Contractor/Engineer Frequency

Field Moisture/Density ASTM D1556 (sand cone)
ASTM D2922/D3017 (nuclear gauge)
ASTM D2937 (drive cylinder)
3 per lift
Permeability ASTM D5084 1 per lift
Remolded Permeability ASTM D5084 1 per lift
Atterberg Limits ASTM D4318 1 per lift
Visual Classification ASTM D2487 1 per lift
Grain Size Distribution ASTM D422 1 per lift

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In-Place Cohesive Soil Cap

Test Name Test Method Contractor/Engineer Frequency

Field Moisture/Density ASTM D1556 (sand cone) ASTM
D2922/D3017 (nuclear gauge)
ASTM D2937 (drive cylinder)
1 per lift per acre
Permeability ASTM D5084 1 per lift per acre
Atterberg Limits ASTM D4318 1 per lift per acre
Visual Classification ASTM D2487 1 per lift per acre
Grain Size Distribution ASTM D422 1 per lift per acre

(a) Suitable on-site and/or off-site soils may be used as cohesive soil cap if it can achieve an in-place
permeability of 1.0 x 10-5 cm/sec or less and meets all testing requirements indicated in the material testing
paragraph in this section. Wyoming bentonite or an approved equivalent may be blended with the soil to lower
the soil's permeability.

(b) A permeability “window” shall be developed for each type of soil from the borrow material that will be used
for construction of the cohesive soil cap. The window shall be plotted on a semi-log plot with moisture content
versus density. Laboratory testing to develop the window shall include a series of remolded samples
compacted to various dry densities and moisture contents utilizing the same compactive effort (ASTM D 698
or D 1557). The remolded samples shall be tested for permeability to determine whether or not the particular
soil type will provide the maximum permeability (1.0 x 10-5 cm/sec) at various dry densities and moisture
contents. The window is then developed from the accepted remolded samples and moisture contents from
the semi-log plot. A straight line is typically drawn between the acceptable points on the moisture-density
curve to indicate a range of probable acceptable permeability results. The window will be used in the
construction of the test strip to verify the laboratory remolded permeability results.

(c) Atterberg limits and grain size distribution shall also be conducted on the bulk samples used to prepare the
permeability window ASTM D2487, D4318, D422. These tests can be used as indices on random samples
collected from the borrow site during construction to verify the soil type is the same as was used to develop
the “window”. As a minimum, sufficient visual classifications and Atterberg limits shall be conducted in
association with each permeability test to verify that the construction materials meet specifications.

(d) A test strip of compacted cohesive soil cap shall be prepared to verify the permeability “window” prior to
general installation of the cohesive soil cap. The test strip will be used to verify the results from the remolded
permeabilities from the borrow site utilizing the permeability window(s) for each soil type that is going to be
used for construction of the cohesive soil cap. At a minimum, the verification will consist of three moisture
density tests, one Atterberg limits test, one grain size distribution test (ASTM D2487, D4318, and D422), and
one Shelby Tube sample for each lift constructed in the test pad. Laboratory permeability tests shall be
performed on tube (Shelby or drive tubes) samples of the cohesive soil cap after placement and compaction.
The permeability must be a maximum of 1.0 x10-5cm/sec. Tests shall be performed in accordance with the
ASTM D5084. The test strip shall be approximately 2,500 sq. ft. in surface area and constructed to conform
geometrically to the site topography with a minimum lateral dimension in any direction of 25 ft. The test strip
shall consist of at least three compacted 6 inch lifts of cohesive soil cap. Placement and testing of the test
strip shall be in conformance with the construction specifications and requirements for general installation of
the cohesive soil cap. Test results from the test strip shall be used to guide placement and achievement of
the required maximum permeability of 1.0 x 10-5 cm/sec of the cohesive soil cap. The test strip may be used
as an integral part of the overall cohesive soil cap if it meets the required specification for the cap. All results
shall be given to the Construction Observer.

(e) The soils shall be placed to the total thickness shown on the plans in maximum 8-inch thick loose lifts with
a maximum 6" compacted lift compacted preferably at moisture content between 0 to 3% above optimum
moisture content to 95% standard Proctor maximum dry density (ASTM Test Designation D698). A
sheepsfoot roller or approved alternative may be used to compact the soil cap provided the compaction and
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permeability requirements can be achieved. Each lift shall be tested for permeability, moisture content,
particle size distribution analysis, Atterberg limits, moisture-density-permeability relation, and if needed
percent bentonite admixed with soil, prior to the placement of the succeeding lift and visually inspected to
confirm that all soil clods have been broken and that the surface is sufficiently scarified so that adequate
bonding can be achieved. Soils for cohesive soil cap shall be screened, disked, or prepared using any other
approved method as necessary to obtain a homogeneous cohesive soil with clod sizes in a soil matrix no
larger than about 1.5 inches in maximum diameter. After each lift, the surface shall be scarified prior to the
placement of the next lift to provide good bonding from one lift to the next.

(f) The cohesive soil cap shall be tested to evaluate the coefficient of permeability. The coefficient of
permeability of the soil cap shall be equal to or less than 1.0 x 10-5 cm/sec after placement and compaction.
The soil cap must be a minimum of 1.5 feet thick (measured perpendicular to slope).

(g) Laboratory falling head permeability tests shall be performed on tube (Shelby or drive tubes) samples of
the cohesive soil cap after placement and compaction. The permeability must be a maximum of 1.0 x
10-5cm/sec. Tests shall be performed in accordance with ASTM D5084. All laboratory permeability tests shall
be performed at a confining pressure of 10 psi and at a hydraulic gradient of 20.

(h) The soil cap shall be tested a minimum of one soil sample per lift per acre for laboratory permeability. All
permeability testing will be on random samples judged by the Engineer to be representative of the most
permeable soil conditions for the area being tested. The Engineer shall certify that the materials used in
construction were tested according to the Division approved plans. If after placement of the soil cap it fails the
required tests, the material will either be reworked or replaced and retested. The soil cap must remain moist
at all times, if any section becomes dry, rework the dry area and moisten.

(i) A minimum of two (2) inches of soil shall be removed prior to securing each sample for permeability testing.
The sampling tube shall be advanced vertically into the soil with as little soil disturbance as possible and
should be pushed using a uniform pressure. The sampling tube (Shelby tube), when extracted, shall be free
of dents, and the ends shall not be distorted. A backhoe or approved alternative should be used to advance
the sampling tube (Shelby tube) as long as disturbance is minimized. Drive tube samples of the cap may be
obtained for permeability testings. If the Engineer judges the sample to be too disturbed, another sample
shall be taken. Once an acceptable sample has been secured and properly prepared, all sample excavations
or other holes created by survey stakes, etc. shall be backfilled to grade with a 50% mixture of bentonite and
similar soils in maximum 3-inch loose lifts and hand tamped with a blunt tool to achieve a tight seal equivalent
to the original density.

(j) No additional construction shall proceed on the soil layers at the area being tested until the Engineer has
reviewed the results of the tests and judged the desired permeability is being achieved.

(k) As a minimum, sufficient visual classifications (ASTM Test Designation D2487) , analyses (ASTM Test
Designation D422) and Atterberg limits (ASTM Test Designation D4318) shall be conducted in association
with each permeability test to verify that the construction materials meet specifications. The minimum number
of tests will be 1 per lift per acre.

(l) If the soil for the cohesive soil cap is incapable of achieving the required permeability when compacted,
bentonite or approved alternative may be mixed with the soils to decrease the permeability. The amount of
additive required must be determined in the laboratory and mixed in the field using either a pug mill or a soil
stabilizer. Where additives are required, the soil shall be placed in maximum 8-inch thick loose lifts and
compacted preferably between 0 to +3% optimum moisture content to 95% standard Proctor maximum dry
density (ASTM Test Designation D698) for the soil-additive mixture. All other compaction procedures for the
soil apply.

(m) Surfaces to be lined shall be smooth and free of debris, roots, and angular or sharp rocks larger than
three-eight (3/8) inches in diameter to a depth of six (6) inches. The cohesive soil cap shall have no sudden
sharp or abrupt changes in grade.

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(n) The Contractor shall protect the cohesive soil cap from desiccation, flooding and freezing. Protection, if
required, may consists of a thin plastic protective cover, (or other material as approved by the engineer)
installed over the completed cohesive soil cap until such time as the placement of flexible membrane liner
begins. Areas found to have any desiccation cracks or which exhibit swelling, heaving or other similar
conditions shall be replaced or reworked and retested by the contractor to remove these defects.

(o) The thickness and grade of the soil cap will be verified by the surveyor before placement of the
geomembrane liner. The soil cap will be surveyed at 100 foot grid points and any grade changes (top of
slopes, bottom of slopes, breaks in slopes, etc.) where the elevations of the top of landfill will be checked with
the top of soil cap to verify 1.5 feet (measured perpendicular to slope) of soil cap. The grade will then be
verified with the surveyed information. The survey will be performed by NC professional land surveyor.

(p) Surface Acceptance. Upon request, the Flexible Membrane Liner manufacturer installer shall provide the
Engineer with a written acceptance of the surface prior to commencing installation. Subsequent repairs to the
cohesive soil cap and the surface shall remain the responsibility of the contractor.

6.4 Closure Flexible Membrane Liner Method of Deployment

All materials and equipment shall be furnished by an established and reputable manufacturer or supplier. All
materials and equipment shall be new and shall be of first class ingredients and construction, designed and
guaranteed to perform the service required and shall conform with the following standard specifications or shall
be the product of the listed manufacturers or similar and equal thereto as approved by the Engineer.

Delivery, Storage and Handling of all materials and equipment shall adhere to the following:

A. Manufacturer labels must be on all rolls delivered to the project.
B. A firmly affixed label attached to the selvage edge, shall clearly state the manufacturer’s name, product
identification, material thickness, roll number, roll type, roll dimensions and roll weight.
C. The manufacturer protects the geomembrane from mud, dirt, dust, puncture, cutting or any other
damaging deleterious conditions.
D. Continuously and uniformly supported, rolls are stored away from high traffic areas on a smooth, level
surface. Chocks keep the rolls secure when necessary.

Material Warranty shall adhere to the following:

Material manufacturer shall guarantee material against defects and premature aging from environmental
conditions on a pro rata basis for a specified period of time acceptable to owner and manufacturer.
Flexible Membrane Liner Tests

Test Name Description Test Method Frequency

Air Test Air Test Seams Every Seam
Vacuum Test Every welded area Where air test impossible
Destructive Tests Seam Strength ASTM D4437 Every 500’ of seam

Qualified liner installers, seamers, and the liner foreman shall meet a minimum requirement of 1,000,000
square feet of geomembrane installation. There are no other minimum qualifications needed by other parties.

40 mil Linear Low Density Polyethylene (LLDPE) is to be placed in direct contact with moist cohesive soil cap.
The extrusion rods and/or brads used in seaming the rolls together shall be derived from the same base resin
as the liner and shall meet the following minimum properties:

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(1) Preparation for Geomembrane Deployment

(a) Panel Layout

Prior to commencement of liner deployment, layout drawings shall be produced to indicate the
panel configuration and location of seams for the project.

(b) Identification

Each panel used for the installation shall be given a numeric or alpha-numeric identification number
consistent with the layout drawing. This identification number shall be related to manufacturing roll
number that identifies the resin type, batch number and date of manufacture.

(c) Verification

The manufacturers certification will be reviewed by the Engineer. If the certification does not meet
the requirements of GRI-GM17, the corresponding liner rolls will be rejected.

The Engineer will remove a sample from 1 out of 4 rolls delivered to the site and have a third party
lab test for thickness, density, carbon black content, carbon black dispersion and tensile properties.
The geomembrane will have been accredited by the Geosynthetic Accreditation Institute (GAI).

(2) Field Panel Placement

(a) Location

The Flexible Membrane Liner Manufacturer/Installer shall install field panels at the location
indicated on the layout drawing. If the panels are deployed in a location other than that indicated
on the layout drawings, the revised location shall be noted in the field on a layout drawing which will
be modified at the completion of the project to reflect actual panel locations.

(b) Weather Conditions

Geomembrane deployment shall not be carried out during any precipitation, nor in the presence of
excessive moisture (i.e. fog, dew), in an area of standing water, or during high winds.

(c) Method of Deployment shall follow the manufacturer’s recommendations and sound, accepted
engineering practices.

(1) The method and equipment used to deploy the panels must not damage the
geomembrane or the supporting subgrade surface.

(2) No personnel working on the geomembrane will smoke, wear shoes that can
damage the geomembrane, or engage in actions which could result in damage to the
geomembrane.
(3) Adequate temporary loading and/or anchoring, (i.e. sandbags, tires), which will
not damage the geomembrane, will be placed to prevent uplift of the geomembrane by
wind. If uplift occurs, additional sandbags will be placed in necessary areas.

(4) The geomembrane will be deployed in a manner to minimize wrinkles. The
geomembrane will have no fold overs.

(5) Any damage to a panel of the geomembrane will be repaired. Any area of a panel
seriously damaged (torn, twisted, or crimped) will be marked, cut out and removed from
the work area with resulting seaming and/or repairs performed.

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(3) Field Seaming

(a) Layout

In general, seams shall be oriented parallel to the slope, i.e., oriented along, not across the slope.
Whenever possible, horizontal seams should be located not less than five (5) feet from the toe of
the slope. Each seam made in the field shall be numbered in a manner that is compatible with the
panel layout drawing for documentation of seam testing results.

(b) Personnel

All personnel performing seaming operations shall be trained in the operation of the specific
seaming equipment being used and will qualify by successfully welding a test seam. The project
foreman will provide direct supervision of all personnel seaming to verify proper welding procedures
are followed. Qualified liner installers, seamers, and the liner foreman shall meet a minimum
requirement of 1,000,000 square feet of geomembrane installation. There are no other minimum
qualifications needed by other parties.

(c) Equipment

(1) Fusion Welding

Fusion Welding consists of placing a heated wedge, mounted on a self propelled vehicular unit,
between two (2) overlapped sheets such that the surface of both sheets are heated above the
polyethylene's melting point. After being heated by the wedge, the overlapped panels pass
through a set of preset pressure wheels which compress the two (2) panels together so that a
continuous homogeneous fusion weld is formed. The fusion welder is equipped with a
temperature readout device which continuously monitors the temperature of the wedge.

(2) Extrusion Fillet Welding

Extrusion fillet welding consists of introducing a ribbon of molten resin along the edge of the
seam overlap of the two (2) sheets to be welded. The molten polymer causes some of the
material of each sheet to be liquefied resulting in a homogeneous bond between the molten
weld bead and the surfaces of the sheets. The extrusion welder is equipped with gauges giving
the temperature in the apparatus and the preheat temperature at the nozzle.

(d) Weather Conditions

The Flexible Membrane Liner Manufacturer/Installer will rely on the experience of the Flexible
Membrane Liner Superintendent and the results of test seams to determine seaming restrictions by
weather. Many factors, such as ambient temperature, humidity, wind, sunshine, etc., can affect the
integrity of field seams and must be taken into account when deciding whether or not seaming
should proceed. Responsibility for monitoring these conditions shall lie with the Flexible Membrane
Liner Superintendent; however, the Engineer may suspend any seaming operation which is, in his
opinion, at the risk of providing the Owner with a quality product. Test seams are required prior to
daily production seaming to determine if the weather conditions will affect the Flexible Membrane
Liner System's ability to produce quality seams. Additional non-destructive and destructive testing
of production seams substantiate the decision made by the Flexible Membrane Liner
Superintendent to seam on any given day.

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(4) Seam Preparation

(a) Fusion Welding

(1) Overlap the panels of geomembrane approximately four (4) inches.

(2) Clean the seam area prior to seaming to assure the area is clean and free of
moisture, dust, dirt, debris of any kind. No grinding is required for fusion welding.

(3) Adjust the panels so that seams are aligned with the fewest possible
number of wrinkles and "fishmouths".

(4) A movable protective layer may be used, at the discretion of the Flexible
Membrane Liner Superintendent, directly below the overlap of geomembrane that is to
be seamed to prevent build-up of moisture between the panels.

(b) Extrusion Welding

(1) Overlap the panels of geomembrane a minimum of three (3) inches.

(2) Temporarily bond the panels of geomembrane to be welded taking care not to
damage the geomembrane.

(3) Grind seam overlap prior to welding within one (1) hour of welding operation
In a manner that does not damage the geomembrane. Limit grinding to ¼” outside of
the extrusion weld area.

(4) Clean the seam area prior to seaming to assure the area is clean and free of
moisture, dust, dirt, and debris of any kind.

(5) Purge the extruder prior to beginning the seam to remove all heat degraded
extrudate from the barrel.

(6) Keep welding rod clean and off the ground.

(5) Test Seams

Test seams shall be performed at the beginning of each seaming period and at least once each
four (4) hours for each seaming apparatus used that day. Test seams shall be made on fragment
pieces of the geomembrane liner and under the same conditions as actual seams.

(a) Test Seam Length

The test seam shall be at least three (3) feet long and should be made by joining two (2) pieces
of geomembrane at least 9" in width.

(b) Sample Procedure

(1) Visually inspect the seam for squeeze out, footprint, pressure and general appearance.

(2) Two random samples one (1) inch wide shall be cut from the test seam.

(3) The two (2), one (1) inch wide samples shall be tested in the field in a tensiometer
that has a constant separation of 2.0 in/min for peel and shear. The passing
destructive test requirements for a 40-mil liner seam is: minimum peel adhesion of
44 ppi for hot wedge and 50 ppi for extrusion fillet seams, minimum shear strength of
60 ppi or hot wedge and extrusion fillet seams, and a maximum of 25% peel
separation of the seam. If a specimen fails, the entire procedure shall be repeated.

(4) If any of the second set of specimens fail, the seaming apparatus shall not be
accepted and shall not be used for seaming until the deficiencies are corrected and a
passing test seam is achieved.
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(5) After completion of these tests, the remaining portion of test seam can be discarded.
Documentation of the test seams will be maintained, listing seam identification
number, welder's name, temperature control setting, and test results.

(6) Passing test results records shall be maintained.

(6) General Seaming Procedures

(a) Seaming shall extend to the outside edge of panels to be anchored.
While welding a seam, monitor and maintain the proper overlap.

(b) Inspect seam area to assure area is clean and free of moisture, dust, dirt, debris of
any kind.

(c) While welding a seam, monitor temperature gauges to assure proper settings are
maintained and that the seaming apparatus is operating properly.

(d) Align wrinkles at the seam overlap to allow welding through the wrinkle.

(e) Fishmouths or wrinkles at seam and overlaps that cannot be welded through shall
be cut along the ridge in order to achieve a flat overlap. The cut fishmouth or wrinkle shall be
seamed. Any portion where the overlap is inadequate shall be patched with an oval or round
patch of the same geomembrane extending a minimum of six (6) inches beyond the cut in all
directions.

(f) All cross/butt seams between two (2) rows of seamed panels shall be welded during
the coolest time of the day to allow for contraction of the geomembrane.

(g) All "T" joints shall have the overlap from the wedge welder seam trimmed back to
allow an extrusion fillet weld. Then grind ¼ of an inch minimum on either side of the wedge
seam, then extrusion weld all of the area prepared by grinding.

6.5 Closure Flexible Membrane Liner Tests

The installation crews will non-destructively test all field seams over their full length using air pressure
testing, vacuum testing or other approved methods, to verify the continuity and integrity of the seams.

(a) Air Pressure Testing

The welded seam created by double hot-wedge fusion welding process is composed of two distinct
welded seams separated by an unwelded channel approximately 3/8 of an inch between the two
welded seams permits the double hot-wedge fusion seams to be tested by inflating the sealed
channel with air to a predetermined pressure, and observing the stability of the pressurized channel
over time.

(1) Equipment for Air Testing

An air pump (manual or motor driven) capable of generating and sustaining a pressure
between 25 to 30 psi.

A rubber hose with fittings and connections.

A sharp hollow needle, or other approved pressure feed device with a pressure gauge capable
of reading and sustaining a pressure between 25 to 30 psi.

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(2) Procedure for Air Testing

Seal both ends of the seam to be tested.

Insert needle or other approved pressure feed device into the sealed channel created by the
fusion weld.

Inflate the test channel to a pressure between 25 to 30 psi, in accordance with the following
schedule, close valve, and observe initial pressure after approximately 2 minutes.

INITIAL PRESSURE SCHEDULE *

Material (Mil) Min. Psi Max. Psi
40 25 30
60 27 30
80 30 30
100 30 30

* Initial pressure settings are read after a two minute "relaxing period". The purpose of this
"relaxing period" is to permit the air temperature and pressure to stabilize.

Observe and record the air pressure five (5) minutes after "relaxing period" ends and when
initial pressure setting is used. If loss of pressure exceeds the following or if the pressure does
not stabilize, locate faulty area and repair.

MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE PRESSURE DIFFERENTIAL
AFTER 5 MINUTES - LLDPE

Material (Mil) Pressure Diff.
40 4 psi
60 3 psi
80 3 psi
100 3 psi

At the conclusion of the pressure test the end of the seam opposite the pressure gauge is cut.
A decrease in gauge pressure must be observed or the air channel will be considered "blocked"
and the test will have to be repeated after the blockage is corrected.

Remove needle or other approved pressure feed device and seal resulting hole by extrusion
welding.

(3) In the event of a Non-Complying Air Pressure Test, the following procedure
shall be followed:

Check seam end seals and retest seams.

If non-compliance with specified maximum pressure differential re-occurs, repair the
seam. Capping or removal/re-seam of the non-complying seam are the only two (2)
acceptable methods for repairing failed seams. Non-destruct test the entire length of
the repaired seam.

Perform destructive peel tests on the samples using the field tensiometer.

If all samples pass destructive testing, remove the overlap left by the wedge welder and
vacuum test the entire length of seam.

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If a leak is located by the vacuum test, repair by extrusion welding. Test the repair by vacuum
testing.
If no leak is discovered by vacuum testing, the seam will pass non-destructive testing.

If one or more samples fail the peel tests, additional samples will be taken.

When two (2) passing samples are located, the seam between these two (2) locations will be
considered non-complying. Capping or removal of the non-complying seam are the only two
(2) acceptable methods for repairing failed seams. Non-destruct test the entire length of the
repaired seam.

(b) Vacuum Testing

This test is used when the geometry of the weld makes air pressure testing impossible or
impractical or when attempting to locate the precise location of a defect believed to exist after air
pressure testing. The penetration will be tested using this method.
(1) Equipment for Vacuum Testing

Vacuum box assembly consisting of a rigid housing, a transparent viewing window, a soft
neoprene gasket attached to the bottom, port hole or valve assembly, and a vacuum gauge.

Vacuum pump assembly equipped with a pressure controller and pipe connection.

A rubber pressure/vacuum hose with fittings and connections.

A bucket and means to apply a soapy solution.

A soapy solution.

(2) Procedure for Vacuum Testing

Trim excess overlap from seam, if any.

Turn on the vacuum pump to reduce the vacuum box to approximately 5 inch of mercury, i.e., 5
psi gauge.

Apply a generous amount of a solution of strong liquid detergent and water to the area to be
tested.

Place the vacuum box over the area to be tested and apply sufficient downward pressure to
"seat" the seal strip against the liner.

Close the bleed valve and open the vacuum valve.

Apply a minimum of 5 in. Hg vacuum to the area as indicated by the gauge on the vacuum box.

Ensure that a leak tight seal is created.

For a period of not less than 30 seconds, examine the geomembrane through the viewing
window for the presence of soap bubbles.

If no bubbles appear after 30 seconds, close the vacuum valve and open the bleed valve, move
the box over the next adjoining area with a minimum 3 in. overlap, and repeat the process.

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(3) Procedure for Non-Complying Test

Mark all areas where soap bubbles appear and repair the marked areas.

Retest repaired areas.

(c) Destructive Testing

(1) Concept

The purpose of destructive testing is to determine and evaluate seam strength. These tests
require direct sampling and thus subsequent patching. Therefore destructive testing should be
held to a minimum to reduce the amount of repairs to the geomembrane.

(2) Procedure for Destructive Testing

All Destructive tests will be done according to GRI test method GM19. Destructive test
samples shall be marked and cut out randomly at a minimum average frequency of one test
location every 500 feet of seam length.

Additional destructive tests may be taken in areas of contamination, offset welds, visible
crystallinity or other potential cause of faulty welds at the discretion of the Flexible Membrane
Liner Superintendent and Engineer.

Sample Size

The sample should be twelve (12) inches wide with a seam fourteen (14) inches long centered
lengthwise in the sample. The sample may be increased in size to accommodate independent
laboratory testing by the owner at the owner's request or by specific project specifications.

A one (1) inch sample shall be cut from each end of the test seam for field testing.

The two (2), one (1) inch wide samples shall be tested in the field in a tensiometer for peel and
shear. The passing destructive test requirements for a 40-mil LLDPE liner seam is: minimum
peel strength of 50 ppi for hot wedge and 44 ppi for extrusion fillet seams, minimum shear
strength of 60 ppi for hot wedge and extrusion fillet seams, and a maximum of 25% peel
separation of the seam.

(3) Procedure in the event of Destructive Test Failure

Cut additional field samples for testing. In the case of a field production seam, the samples
must lie a minimum of ten (10) feet in each direction from the location of the failed sample.
Perform a field test for peel strength. If these field samples pass, then laboratory samples can
be cut and forwarded to the laboratory for full testing.

If the laboratory samples pass then reconstruct the seam between the two (2) passing samples
locations.

Heat tack the overlap along the length of the seam to be reconstructed and extrusion weld.

Vacuum test the extrusion weld.

If either of the samples fail, then additional samples are taken in accordance with the above
procedure until two (2) passing samples are found to establish the zone in which the seam
should be reconstructed.

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All passing seams must be bounded by two (2) locations from which samples passing
laboratory destructive tests have been taken.

In cases of reconstructed seams exceeding 150 feet, a destructive sample must be taken and
pass destructive testing from within the zone in which the seam has been reconstructed.

All destructive seam samples sent to the Engineer’s laboratory shall be numbered.

(d) Quality Assurance Laboratory Testing

(1) Destructive samples sent to the laboratory will be tested for shear/peel strength,
elongation, and peel separation according to table 1(a) of GRI Test Method GM19.
Five (5) specimens shall be tested for each test method with data recorded. Four (4)
out of the five (5) specimens must pass and the fifth specimen must be 80% of the
passing test values. The passing test values are as follows:

Hot Wedge Seams
Shear Strength-60 ppi
Shear elongation at break – 50%
Peel Strength- 50 ppi
Peel separation-25%
Extrusion Fillet Seams
Shear Strength-60 ppi
Shear Elongation at break-50%
Peel Strength- 44 ppi
Peel separation-25%

(2) Defects and Repairs

(a) The Flexible Membrane Liner Superintendent shall conduct a detailed walk through and
visually check all seams and non-seam areas of the geomembrane for defects, holes,
blisters and signs of damage during installation.

(b) All other installation personnel shall, at all times, be on the lookout for any damaged
areas. Damaged areas shall be marked and repaired.

(c) Repair Procedures

Any portion of the geomembrane showing a flaw or failing a destructive or non-destructive
test shall be repaired. Several procedures exist for repair and the decision as to the
appropriate repair procedure shall be made by the Flexible Membrane Liner
Superintendent. Repairs need to be made in a timely manner to protect the moist cohesive
soil liner and flexible membrane liner. If inclement weather is approaching, steps need to be
made to protect the cohesive soil cap such as a temporary cover. If cohesive soil cap is
damaged, it must be reworked. Procedures available for liner repair:

Patching - used to repair large holes, tears and destructive sample locations. All patches
shall extend at least six (6) inches beyond the edges of the defect and all corners of
patches shall be rounded.

Reconstruction - used to repair seams bounded by passing destruct samples.

Grinding and welding - used to repair sections of extruded seams.

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Spot welding or seaming - used to repair small tears, pinholes or other minor localized
flaws.

Capping - used to repair lengths of failed extruded seams.

Removal of a bad seam and replacement with a strip of new material seamed into place.

(d) Verification of Repairs

Every repair shall be non-destructively tested. Repairs which pass the non-destructive test
shall be deemed adequate. Large repairs may require a destructive test. Repair test results
shall be logged. The repair location shall be recorded on an as-built drawing.

e) Liner Acceptance

The constructed liner will be accepted when all non-destruct and destruct tests have
passed their respective tests and the results have been verified by the Engineer.

6.6 Closure Protective Cover

(1) HPDE Geocomposite Drainage Netting manufactured by SKAPS Industries 330 mil, or approved
equal. Q/C testing information/certification for each property on geocomposite will be provided by the
contractor/manufacturer for the rolls delivered. The thickness, transmissivity and ply adhesion will be
tested by the Engineer’s third party laboratory for quality assurance. One roll from every 200,000 ft.2 of
material delivered to the site will be tested.

Otherwise, the deployed geonet is visually inspected to assure that the geotextile fabric has not been
torn and is over lapping onto adjacent rolls so that it can and has been heat seamed. Damaged spots
are repaired accordingly to assure that soil cannot get into the drainage net.

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GEOCOMPOSITE PROPERTIES (SKAPS 330 mil)

Notes:
1. Transmissivity measured using water at 21 ± 2°C (70 ± 4°F) with a gradient of 0.1 and a confining
pressure of 10000 psf between steel plates after 15 minutes. Values may vary between individual labs.
2. MARV is statistically defined as mean minus two standard deviations and it is the value which is exceeded
by 97.5% of all the test data.
3. Condition 190/2.16

Delivery, Storage and Handling of all materials and equipment shall adhere to the following:

A. Manufacturer labels must be on all rolls delivered to the project.
B. A firmly affixed label attached to the selvage edge, shall clearly state the
manufacturer’s name, product identification, material thickness, roll type, roll
dimensions and roll weight.
C. The manufacturer protects the geocomposite from mud, dirt, dust, puncture, cutting or
any other damaging deleterious conditions.
D. Continuously and uniformly supported, rolls are stored away from high traffic areas on
a smooth, level surface. Chocks keep the rolls secure when necessary.

Property Test Method Unit Required Value Qualifier
with 6 oz. with 8 oz.
Geonet
Thickness ASTM D 5199 mil 330±30 330±30 Range
Carbon Black ASTM D 4218 % 2 to 3 2 to 3 Range
Tensile Strength ASTM D 7179 lb/in 95 95 Minimum
Melt Flow ASTM D 12383 g/10 min 1 1 Maximum
Density ASTM D 1505 g/cm3 0.94 0.94 Minimum
Transmissivity1 ASTM D 4716 m2/sec 8x10-3 8x10-3 MARV2
Composite
Ply Adhesion
(Minimum) ASTM D 7005 lb/in 0.5 0.5 MARV
Ply Adhesion
(Average) ASTM D 7005 lb/in 1 1 MARV
Transmissivity1 ASTM D 4716 m2/sec 9x10-4 9x10-4 MARV
GeoTextile
Fabric Weight ASTM D 5261 oz/yd2 6 8 MARV
Grab Strength ASTM D 4632 lbs 160 225 MARV
Grab Elongation ASTM D 4632 % 50 50 MARV
Tear Strength ASTM D 4533 lbs 65 90 MARV
Puncture Resistance ASTM D 4833 gpm/ft2 95 130 MARV
CBR Puncture ASTM D 6241 lbs 475 650 MARV
Water Flow Rate ASTM D 4491 gpm/ft2 125 100 MARV
Permittivity ASTM D 4491 sec-1 1.63 1.26 MARV
Permeability ASTM D 4491 cm/sec 0.3 0.3 MARV
AOS ASTM D 4751 US Sieve 70 80 MARV
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Material Warranty shall adhere to the following:

Material manufacturer shall guarantee material against defects and premature aging from
environmental conditions on a pro rata basis for a specified period of time acceptable to owner and
manufacturer.
The geocomposite will be handled in such a manner as to ensure the geocomposite are not damaged
in any way. On slopes, the geocomposite will be secured in the anchor trench and then rolled down the
slope in such a manner as to continually keep the geocomposite sheet in tension. If necessary, the
geocomposite will be positioned by hand after being unrolled to minimize wrinkles. Geocomposite can
be placed in the horizontal direction (i.e., across the slope) in some special locations (e.g., where extra
layers are required or where slope is less than 10:1).

Geocomposite will not be welded to the geomembrane. Geocomposite will be cut using approved
cutters,(i.e., hook blade, scissors, etc.) Care should be taken to prevent damage to underlying layers.
Care must be taken not to entrap dirt in the geocomposite that could cause clogging of the drainage
system, and or stones that could damage the adjacent geomembrane.

Adjacent rolls of geocomposite will be overlapped by at least four inches and securely tied. Tying can
be achieved by plastic fasteners. Tying devices will be white or yellow for easy inspection. Metallic
devices are not allowed. Tying will be five to ten feet along the bottom of the slope. Tying will be every
five feet along the slope, every two feet across the slope and at the top of the berm. Tying in the
anchor trench will be done in one foot intervals. In the corners of the side slopes where overlaps
between perpendicular geocomposite strips are required, an extra layer of geocomposite will be
unrolled along the slope, on top of the previously installed geocomposite, from the top to bottom of the
slope.

Any holes or tears in the geocomposite will be repaired by placing a patch, utilizing the same
geocomposite material, extending two feet beyond edges of the hole or tear. The patch will be secured
to the original geocomposite by tying every twelve inches. If the hole or tear width across the roll is
more than 50% the width of the roll, the damaged area will be cut out and the two portions of the
geocomposite will be joined.

The engineer will visually inspect the drainage layer before placement of the erosive layer, if any
defects are detected they will be repaired before placement of erosive layer.

(2) Erosive Layer

The soil for the erosive layers shall consist of suitable site soil free of debris, roots, rocks and
organics. The soil shall contain no particles or objects greater than 3/4 inch in largest dimension,
which has been screened. No permeability, grain size, or other tests are required for this material.

Installation of the protective cover shall be the responsibility of the contractor. Before proceeding
with placement of the protective cover over the liner, the Contractor shall furnish to the Engineer
with the manufacturer's certification that the lining has been satisfactorily installed in accordance
with the manufacturer's recommendations.

The erosive layer shall be composed of 24” of select backfill. The cover shall be installed using low
ground pressure equipment such as a Caterpillar D6H LGP, or approved equal, with ground pressure
not exceeding 4.71 psi until the depth of cover exceeds three feet.

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The depth of the erosive layer will be verified based on the 50 ft. grid and the difference in elevation
from the top of the cohesive soil to the top of the erosive layer.

(a) A minimum of twelve inches (12") of cover between low ground pressure equipment and the
liner is required at all times. Roadways for entering and for transporting material over slopes
and capped/lined areas shall have a minimum depth of four feet (4').

(b) Avoid undue stress on the liner at all times. Cover material must be pushed up slopes, never
down to help minimize wrinkles. Material must be placed to minimize wrinkles; wrinkles in
excess of two feet in height are unacceptable. If a wrinkle is more than two feet in height, soil
will be placed on top of the wrinkle to decrease the height. Fold over of the liner will not be
allowed. A worker must walk along side earth moving equipment and remove all rocks, stones,
roots or other debris that could cause damage to the liner. Equipment operators must avoid
sharp turns or quick stops that could pinch and tear the liner.

(c) If damage does occur, report it to the Project Manager immediately so that repairs can be
performed without needless delay. All repairs to any component of the liner system will be done
and tested according to the required repairs and testing for that component.

(d) Do not work wet cover material that cannot support equipment.

(e) Equipment operators and all other personnel must be qualified and must exercise good
judgment and common sense at all times.

(3) Vegetative Layer

Native vegetation will be used as approved by the Erosion Control Plan.

6.7 Closure Methane Venting System

The cap contains gas venting system consisting of a series of washed stone trenches below the soil
liner at that will be vented through pipes with membrane boots that penetrate the cap.

NC.D.O.T. No 5 stone, Geotextile fabric, and 8" and 10” plastic pipes will be used in the construction of
the Gas venting system.

(1) Stone in Trenches and Surrounding Perforated Collection Piping

Stone for methane collection system shall meet the requirements of NC DOT aggregate, standard size
No. 5 and shall contain no fines. Stone must pass the sieve analysis test for No. 5 stone performed at
the quarry.

(2) Geotextile Fabric

Geotextile fabric surrounding the stone/piping shall be non-woven needle punched fabric with the
following minimum properties:

1) Weight 8.0 oz/yd2 ASTM D-3776
2) Grab Strength 205 lbs. ASTM D-4632
3) Grab Elongation 50% ASTM D-4632
4) Trapezoidal Tear Strength 85 lbs. ASTM D-4533
5) Puncture Strength 100 lbs. ASTM D-4833
6) Mullen Burst Strength 320 psi ASTM D-3786
7) Permittivity 1.4 sec-1 ASTM D-4491

Geotextile fabric shall be manufactured by Polyfelt , TNS Advanced Technologies, or approved
equal.

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(3) Plastic Pipe

Plastic gravity sewer pipe and fittings used for methane vent shall be unplasticized polyvinyl
chloride (PVC) and conform to the requirements of ASTM Designation D-3034 on ASTM F679,
Type PSM, Class 12454-B, SDR-35 with elastomeric gasket joints. PVC pipe and fittings shall be
as manufactured by J-M Pipe, Certainteed, H&W Industries or equal. The methane riser pipe shall
be a 10 inch solid wall PVC pipe.

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6.8 Closure Costs

The largest area to be closed within the permitted life will be Phases 1 - 4 (40 Ac.). Post Closure will be 30
years after closure.

Closure Costs:
Closure will consist of the following which costs are estimated as being done by a third party.

1. 18" of 1x10-5 cm/sec. cohesive soil;
2. 40 Mil LLDPE Liner and Drainage net;
3. Erosion Control Devices;
4. 24" Erosive layer;
5. Seeding and Mulching;
6. Mobilization/Demobilization;
7. Labor Costs; and
8. Stone for gas venting.
9. Geotextile for gas venting.
10. Vent pipes for gas venting.
11. Engineering Costs and QA/QC of the Composite liner and certification of closure.

Estimate of Probable Costs:

1. 18" of 1x10-5 cm/sec. soil cover for 40 acres:

Total yardage + 15% = 111,320 yd3 @ a cost of $10.00/yd3
Cost = $1,113,200

2. 40 Mil LLDPE Liner and Drainage net for 40 acres

Total Footage + 15% = 2,003,760 ft2 @ a cost of $1.00/ft2
Cost = $2,003,760

3. Erosion Control devices

Estimated costs @ $100,000
Cost = $100,000

4. 24" Erosive soil layer for 40 acres.

Total yardage + 15% = 148,427 yd3 @ a cost of $8.00/yd3
Cost = $1,187,416

5. Seeding and Mulching for 40 acres.

Estimated cost of $2,000/acre
Cost = $80,000

6. Mobilization/Demobilization.

Estimated cost of $200,000

7. Labor Costs: 40 acres @ $10,000.00/acre =

Estimated cost of $400,000

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8. Stone for gas venting.

Total estimated linear feet =320 ft. (20 ft./vent)
Total estimated volume for a 2'x1' trench = 640 ft3
with a density of 120 lbs/ft3 total weight =39 tons @ a cost of $18.00/ton
Cost = $702

9. Geotextile for gas venting.

Total estimated linear feet = 320 ft. (20 ft./vent)
Estimated perimeter for a 2'x1' trench = (320 ft × 6 ft )@ a cost of $0.20/ ft2
Cost = $384

10. Vent pipes for gas venting.

Estimated cost @ $600.00 each (16 vents).
Cost = $9,600

11. Engineering Costs and QA/QC of the Composite liner and certification of closure.

Estimated cost = $380,000
Cost = $380,000

Total of Estimated Phases 1-4 Closure Costs:

1. $ 1,113,400
2. $ 2,003,760
3. $ 100,000
4. $ 1,187,416
5. $ 80,000
6. $ 200,000
7. $ 400,000
8. $ 702
9. $ 384
10. $ 9,600
11. $ 380,000
Total: $ 5,475,262

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SECTION 7.0

POST-CLOSURE
PLAN

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7.1 Introduction

CONTACTS:

Name: Mark Bivins
Title: Solid Waste Director
Phone No.: [phone]
Email Address: [e-mail]
Address: 5291 Crouse Road
Crouse, NC 28033

DESCRIPTION OF USE:

The County has no future use planned for their landfill at this time. However, should the County decide to use
the site for any other purpose, the owner or operator shall submit such request to the Division of Waste
Management for approval. Post-Closure use of the property will not disturb the integrity of the cap system, base
liner system or any other components of the containment system, or the function of the monitoring systems
unless necessary to comply with the requirements of the section.

DESCRIPTION OF MAINTENANCE ACTIVITIES:

The landfill will be monitored quarterly for evidence of settlement, subsidence, ponding in the cap system,
leachate seepages, and any erosion. The quarterly inspection will also include observation and necessary
repair of the security fence, entrance sign, access roads to the methane and groundwater monitoring points, the
actual ground water monitoring wells and methane probes, accumulated silt in the sediment basins, leachate
storage tanks, pumps and edge of waste markers. Annually in the spring, the vegetative cover will be
monitored to assure a good stand of vegetation, and where needed, it will be reseeded. Semi-annually the cap
vegetation will be mowed and any saplings removed. These maintenance activities will take place over the
entire post closure period of thirty years.

The pumps in the pump station will be monitored quarterly to assure that they are operating properly by
manually operating each pump. If for any reason a pump is not operating, it will be repaired or replaced within
two weeks of the inspection.

Any repairs to the cap system will be done according to the approved closure plan and documented according
to the approved quality assurance plan. Damages that require repairs shall be reported to the NC Solid Waste
Section within 3 days of inspection/observation.

The leachate collection system will be videoed every five years and power washed if necessary. Leachate will
be collected and treated until the generation of leachate has stopped due to capping.

All quarterly inspections/observations will be documented and become part of the landfill’s operating record. All
repairs/maintenance will be documented and also become part of the landfill’s operating record. Data collected
from all pumps will also become part of the operating record.

DESCRIPTION OF MONITORING ACTIVITIES:

The County will monitor and analyze ground and surface water semi-annually according to the approved
monitoring plan for a period of thirty years. The County will also monitor methane gas at landfill structures and
the boundary quarterly according to the approved methane monitoring plan for the thirty-year period. All reports
and records required by the approved monitoring plans will become part of the landfill’s operating record.

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COMPLETION OF POST-CLOSURE CARE

Following completion of the post-closure care period for each MSWLF unit, the owner or operator will notify the
Division of Waste Management that a certification, signed by a registered professional engineer, verifying that
post-closure care has been completed in accordance with the post-closure plan, has been placed in the
operating record.

CLOSURE OF LEACHATE STORAGE FACILITIES

The County will close the leachate storage tanks within 180 days after liquid collection has ceased. The closure
plan for the leachate storage tanks shall be submitted and approved by the Division of Waste Management
prior to commencing closure activities.

At closure, all solid waste will be removed from the leachate storage tanks, connecting sewer lines, and
manholes. All solid waste removed will be properly handled and disposed of according to federal and State
requirements. All connecting lines will be disconnected and securely capped or plugged. All access ways to
the above ground tanks will be securely fastened in place to prevent unauthorized access. If the groundwater
surrounding the storage tanks is found not to be contaminated, the storage tanks and containment tanks will be
dismantled and removed.

All waste residues, contaminated system components (composite liner system), contaminated subsoils,
structures and equipment contaminated with waste will be removed and appropriately disposed.

If the groundwater surrounding the impoundment is contaminated, other corrective actions to remediate a
contaminant plume may be required by the Division.

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7.2 Post Closure Costs

The largest closed area to be monitored within the post closure life will be Phases 1 - 4 (40 Ac.).

Post Closure Costs:

Methane gas and/or hydrogen sulfide (H2S), ground water and surface water will be monitored for 30 years after
closure. The cap will also have to be monitored for the 30 year period. All costs include reports, data analysis,
and certifications.

1. Ground and Surface Water monitoring semiannually for 30 years for appendix I constituents and
statistical analysis.
Estimated cost/sample = $840.00/sample
Total annual samples = 2(34 wells + 5 surface + 1 leachate) = 80 samples/year
Estimated cost = 30 years x 80 samples/year x $840.00/sample = $2,016,000

Cost = $2,016,000

2. Methane Gas monitoring quarterly for 30 years.
Estimate $1200.00/quarter = $4,800/year
Estimated cost = 30 year x $4,800 = $144,000

Cost = $144,000

3. Cap Monitoring and repairing any problems.
Estimate $120,000 for the 30 years.

Cost = $200,000

4. Closure of sedimentation and erosion control devices.
Estimate $48,000 for closure

Cost = $48,000

5. Leachate Management, including pumping data.
Estimate $300,000.00 for the 30 years.

Cost = $300,000

6. Closure of leachate storage tanks.
Estimate $30,000 for Closure.

7. Maintenance of gas vents, monitoring wells, pumps, access roads, fencing, signage, EOW
markers, vegetation and mowing, etc.
Estimate $250,000 for Closure

Cost = $250,000

Total of Estimated Closure Costs:

1. $2,016,000
2. $ 144,000
3. $ 200,000
4. $ 48,000
5. $ 300,000
6. $ 30,000
7. $ 250,000
Total: $2,988,000