4116_WIHighPointLFGMP_DIN27226_20170105

Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan

WI High Point C&D Landfill
Guilford County, North Carolina (SWS Permit No. 41-16)

Prepared for:

WI High Point, LLC.
Jamestown, North Carolina
(A Subsidiary of Waste Industries, USA. Inc.)

Revised November 2016
May 2016

© 2016 Smith Gardner, Inc.
This document is intended for the sole use of the client for which it was prepared and
for the purpose agreed on by the client and Smith Gardner, Inc.

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Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan

WI High Point C&D Landfill Facility
Guilford County, North Carolina

Prepared For:
WI High Point, LLC.
Jamestown, North Carolina
(A Subsidiary of Waste Industries, Inc.)

S+G Project No. WI HIGH POINT-16-1

Madeline German, P.G.
Project Geologist

Joan A. Smyth, P.G.
Senior Hydrogeologist

Revised November 2016
May 2016

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WI High Point C&D Landfill Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan
Revised November 2016 Table of Contents Page i
WI High Point, LLC.
WI High Point C&D Landfill Facility
Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan

Table of Contents
Page

1.0 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................... 1 
1.1 Regulatory Requirements – C&D Landfills .............................................................. 1 
1.2 Guidance Document .................................................................................................. 2 
1.3 Contact Information .................................................................................................. 2 
1.3.1 WI High Point, LLC ........................................................................................ 2 
1.3.2 Waste Industries, USA, Inc. .......................................................................... 2 
1.3.3 Engineer ........................................................................................................ 2 
1.3.4 North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality ................................ 2 
1.4 Existing Site Conditions ............................................................................................. 3 
1.4.1 Site Geology ................................................................................................... 3 
1.4.2 Local Groundwater Regime .......................................................................... 3 
2.0 MONITORING PROGRAM ........................................................................................... 4 
2.1 Monitoring Points ...................................................................................................... 4 
2.2 Facility Structure Monitoring .................................................................................... 4 
2.3 Monitoring and Reporting ......................................................................................... 4 
2.3.1 Frequency ...................................................................................................... 4 
2.3.2 Personnel ...................................................................................................... 5 
2.3.3 Equipment ..................................................................................................... 5 
2.3.4 Procedures .................................................................................................... 5 
2.3.5 Precautionary Action Plan ............................................................................ 6 
2.3.6 Record Keeping ............................................................................................. 7 
2.4 Maintenance .............................................................................................................. 7 
3.0 CONTINGENCY PLAN ................................................................................................ 8 
3.1 Immediate Action Plan .............................................................................................. 8 
3.1.1 Reporting and Documentation ...................................................................... 8 
3.2 Remediation Plan ...................................................................................................... 8 

FIGURE
Figure 1 Monitoring Location Map
Figure 2 Flowchart of Methane Monitoring Requirements

APPENDIX
Appendix A Reporting Forms

WI High Point C&D Landfill Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan
Revised November 2016 Table of Contents Page ii

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WI High Point C&D Landfill Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan
Revised October 2016 Page 1

1.0 INTRODUCTION
This Landfill Gas (LFG) Monitoring Plan (plan) was prepared by Smith Gardner, Inc. (S+G) to
describe the LFG monitoring program at the WI High Point C&D Landfill owned and operated by
WI High Point, LLC. (NC Solid Waste Permit 41-16), which is located at 5830 Riverdale Road,
Jamestown, North Carolina. This plan describes the necessary procedures to satisfy applicable
regulatory requirements (Section 1.1) for landfill gas monitoring.

The best available site data, practices, experience and judgment were utilized to develop this
plan. However, the plan may require modifications over time to accommodate changing landfill
conditions, changing receptors in areas adjacent to and around the landfill, or other conditions
that cannot be fully anticipated.

Uncontrolled migration of LFG (particularly methane (CH4)) can result in, loss of life, injury, loss
of property, vegetative damage, and intolerable odors. Landfill monitoring includes exposure to
explosive gases. Monitoring personnel should be specifically trained in the management and
response for situations such as fire or explosion and confined space entry and possess an
awareness of changing conditions around the landfill.

Note that this plan does not address landfill gas collection and control, air quality, or other
related landfill gas regulations or requirements which may be applicable to this site at present
or in the future.
1.1 Regulatory Requirements – C&D Landfills
Rule 15A NCAC 13B.0544(d) of the North Carolina Solid Waste Management Rules
requires the following for facilities having a C&D landfill:

 Owners or operators of C&D landfill units must ensure that:
o the concentration of methane gas or other explosive gases generated by
the facility does not exceed 25 percent of the lower explosive limit in on-
site facility structures (excluding gas control or recovery system
components);
o the concentration of methane gas or other explosive gases does not
exceed the lower explosive limit for methane or other explosive gases at
the facility property boundary; and
o the facility does not release methane gas or other explosive gases in any
concentration that can be detected in off-site structures.

 Owners or operators of C&D landfill units must implement a routine methane
monitoring program and perform monitoring on at least a quarterly basis.

 If regulatory limits for methane gas concentrations are exceeded, a contingency
plan must be implemented for the protection of human health and safety.

WI High Point C&D Landfill Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan
Revised October 2016 Page 2
1.2 Guidance Document
This plan was developed generally following the Landfill Gas Monitoring Guidance
document prepared by the North Carolina Department of Environment Quality (NC DEQ),
Division of Waste Management (DWM)1.
1.3 Contact Information
Correspondence and questions concerning this plan should be directed to the
appropriate contact below. For fire or police emergencies, dial 911.:
1.3.1 WI High Point, LLC
5830 Riverdale Road
Jamestown, North Carolina 27282
Scale House Phone: [phone]
FAX: [phone]
Contacts: Seth Heath, General Manager
[e-mail]
1.3.2 Waste Industries, USA, Inc.
3301 Benson Drive, Suite 600
Raleigh, North Carolina 27609
Phone: [phone]
FAX: [phone]
Contacts: Brent Kirchoff, Region Manager
[e-mail]
1.3.3 Engineer
Smith Gardner, Inc.
14 N. Boylan Avenue
Raleigh, North Carolina 27603
Phone: [phone]
Contacts: Joan A. Smyth, P.G., Senior Hydrogeologist
[e-mail]
Stacey A. Smith, P.E., Senior Engineer
[e-mail]
1.3.4 North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality
North Carolina DEQ - Raleigh Central Office (RCO)

1 NC DENR DWM (2010), “Landfill Gas Monitoring Guidance”, NC DENR DWM Solid Waste Section,
November 2010.

WI High Point C&D Landfill Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan
Revised October 2016 Page 3
217 W Jones Street
Raleigh, North Carolina 27603
Phone: [phone]
Contact: Ms. Christine Ritter
[e-mail]

North Carolina DEQ – Winston-Salem Regional Office
585 Waughtown Street
Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27107
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
Contacts: Mathew Gantt, P.E. Regional Engineer (WSRO)
[e-mail]
Shannon Leonard, Environmental Engineer I (WSRO)
[e-mail]
1.4 Existing Site Conditions
The facility is located at 5830 Riverdale Road in southern Guilford County off Kivett Drive.
The approximately 158 acre facility is located approximately 6 miles east of High Point,
in Guilford County. Area development is a mix of agricultural, industrial/ commercial
and landfill use. In general, development in the area is primarily along the main roads.
The site and surrounding area are shown on Figure 1.
1.4.1 Site Geology
The WI High Point C&D Landfill facility is located in the North Carolina Piedmont
Physiographic Province characterized by moderately rolling valleys and ridges.
The Geologic Map of North Carolina (USGS, 1985) indicates that the site lies
within the Carolina Slate Belt; Late Proterozoic to Cambrian age volcanic and
sedimentary rock metamorphosed to lower greenshist facies with multiple
intrusions. The site is underlain by white to gray, fine to coarse grained, granitic
rock.
1.4.2 Local Groundwater Regime
The hydrogeology at this site has been investigated using, groundwater
monitoring wells and aquifer slug tests. Groundwater flows primarily southwest,
towards Richland Creek and its tributaries, with additional flow south and west.
Richland Creek is approximately 1300 feet from the facility boundary and flows
into Deep River. The uppermost aquifer is saprolite, partially weathered rock
(PWR) along with granitic bedrock. Groundwater occurs from approximately ten
feet below grade or less in the downgradient wells near the Richland Creek
tributaries to twenty-five feet below grade upgradient of the waste area. Locally,
the C&D site is bounded Richland Creek and its tributaries to the west and south.

WI High Point C&D Landfill Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan
Revised October 2016 Page 4
2.0 MONITORING PROGRAM
Currently landfill gas at the site is monitored quarterly by advancing bar-hole punches at each
landfill monitoring point location. The plan contained herein updates the monitoring network
from the bar-hole punches to permanent monitoring probes at these same locations. These
landfill gas probes will be incorporated in the monitoring network with the on-site structures to
monitor for subsurface landfill gas migration.
2.1 Monitoring Points
Streams are located adjacent to or within the property boundary to the northwest and
southwest; limiting the possibility of landfill gas migration in these directions.
Therefore, landfill gas monitoring points are focused along the northern and eastern
property line where residential development is more predominant and surface water
bodies do not prevent LFG migration off the property. The landfill gas monitoring
locations include LFG-1 through LFG-5. These are permanent monitoring probes
installed at the former bar-hole punch locations that have been monitored quarterly at
the site.

Existing and proposed monitoring locations are shown on Figure 1.
2.2 Facility Structure Monitoring
Occupied structures on the property will be monitored quarterly. The following facility
structures will be monitored:

 Scalehouse; and
 Maintenance Building.

If desired, a dedicated methane monitor may be installed within one or more of these
structures. Otherwise, monitoring will be conducted quarterly with the landfill gas
monitoring points.
2.3 Monitoring and Reporting
Monitoring and reporting of LFG concentrations will be performed as outlined below.
During these events the following LFG constituents will be monitored: methane,
hydrogen sulfide, oxygen and carbon dioxide.
2.3.1 Frequency
Routine LFG monitoring will be conducted on a quarterly basis.

WI High Point C&D Landfill Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan
Revised October 2016 Page 5
2.3.2 Personnel
LFG monitoring will be performed by personnel who are familiar with the
requirements of this plan and who are trained in LFG hazards and explosive gas
meter use. As practical, a designated technician will be assigned to regular LFG
monitoring duty.
2.3.3 Equipment
A portable gas analyzer will be used to monitor LFG network locations and
LFGCCS components (if applicable). This analyzer, which is calibrated to
methane (CH4), operates using the infrared spectral property of methane to
measure concentrations in air. Measurements of hydrogen sulfide (H2S), oxygen
(O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) will also be made with this meter. This meter may
be used in oxygen deficient areas (less than 10% O2) since oxygen is not required
for a chemical combustion of flammable gases within the meter.

On the day of monitoring, prior to monitoring activities, this meter will be field
calibrated. Additionally, monitoring equipment should be regularly calibrated in
accordance with manufacturer’s specifications and operated only as instructed.
2.3.4 Procedures
Prior to each monitoring event, the portable gas analyzer will be calibrated with a
known calibration standard in accordance with manufacturer’s
recommendations. General information related to the monitoring event,
equipment used, calibration procedures, weather conditions, and results for
each monitoring event will be recorded on the landfill gas monitoring data form
(Appendix A).

The following steps outline the procedure for the monitoring of LFG probes and
facility structures:

 Check calibration date on the meter and calibrate according to
manufacturer’s instructions; allowing equipment to warm up properly
prior to use, per manufacturers direction.
 Purge sample tube for one minute before monitoring.

LFG Monitoring Points:
o Connect instrument to tubing from the monitoring probe without
removing the cap.
o Open the valve and record both the initial and stabilized methane
concentrations. A stabilized concentration will not vary more than
0.5 percent by volume on the instrument’s scale. Also record the
oxygen concentration (at two percent per volume or less to

WI High Point C&D Landfill Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan
Revised October 2016 Page 6
indicate air is not being drawn into the system and providing false
readings) and the carbon dioxide concentration.
o Close the valve and disconnect the tubing.
o Record monitoring data on the LFG monitoring data form provided
in Appendix A.
o If any methane concentration is greater than 50% of the LEL
(2.5% CH4), monitoring personnel should implement the
Precautionary Action Plan (Section 2.3.5).
o If both initial and stabilized methane concentrations are less than
50% of the LEL (2.5% CH4), move to next LFG monitoring location.
o If any hydrogen sulfide concentration is greater than 4%,
monitoring personnel should, immediately recalibrate and re-
measure the location. If the concentration is still above 4%, notify
the Landfill Manager and the Engineer.

Structures:
o Walk through the facility structure with a methane analyzer and
monitor the perimeter wall interface of the structure, the floor to
wall interface in hallways and rooms, and any floor penetrations in
the structure. Record the initial and stabilized methane
concentrations, oxygen concentration, and carbon dioxide
concentration.
o Record monitoring data on the LFG monitoring data form provided
in Appendix A.
o Notify the Landfill Manager, Operations Manager and the Engineer
for any methane concentration greater than 0% of the LEL.

IF A STABILIZED METHANE CONCENTRATION IS GREATER THAN 100% OF
THE LEL IN A LFG MONITORING PROBE OR GREATER THAN 25% OF THE
LEL IN A FACILITY STRUCTURE, THE FOLLOWING ACTIONS WILL BE
IMPLEMENTED:

1) Recalibrate monitoring equipment and confirm results.
2) If results are confirmed, IMMEDIATELY contact the Landfill Manager and
the Engineer.
3) Implement the Compliance Action Plan located in Section 3.1.

A flowchart of potential actions if exceedances are noted is included as Figure 2.
2.3.5 Precautionary Action Plan
If an initial or stabilized methane concentration is greater than or equal to 50% of
the LEL in a LFG monitoring probe, monitoring personnel should perform the
following additional steps at this location:

WI High Point C&D Landfill Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan
Revised October 2016 Page 7
 Record at least one additional methane concentration measurement,
inside the probe just below the top of casing.
 Evaluate the surrounding area for potential receptors to or signs of LFG
migration. LFG can stress vegetation and can kill trees and grass by root
asphyxiation. Note stressed/dead vegetation areas on the monitoring
form.
 Notify the Landfill Manager and the Engineer for further evaluation.
2.3.6 Record Keeping
Routine LFG monitoring events will be documented on the LFG monitoring data
form provided in Appendix A. Completed forms will be placed in the landfill
operating record located at 5830 Riverdale Road, Jamestown, North Carolina
27282. These forms will be available for review by DWM personnel on request.

Documentation of any contingency plan actions (Section 3.0) will also be kept in
the operating record.
2.4 Maintenance
Periodic maintenance and site observations will be conducted routinely to address
monitoring program components (at a minimum):

 Maintain access to LFG monitoring locations.
 Observe landfill cover conditions, areas of dead vegetation, leachate seeps,
odors, etc. as indications of potential LFG-related problems.

Note deficiencies on the monitoring forms and report to the Solid Waste Operations
Manager for repair or replacement as necessary.

WI High Point C&D Landfill Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan
Revised October 2016 Page 8
3.0 CONTINGENCY PLAN
If a stabilized methane concentration is greater than 100% of the LEL in a LFG monitoring
location or greater than 25% of the LEL in a facility structure, the technician will perform
the actions presented in the immediate action, and plan and prepare a remediation plan as
described below.
3.1 Immediate Action Plan
The Solid Waste Operations Manager will perform the following actions for the
protection of human health and safety:

1) Evacuate affected facility structures and the immediately surrounding area.
2) Determine nearby potential receptors (facility and off-site structures).
3) Perform monitoring in any other facility structure near the monitoring location
having the high concentration.
4) If exceedances are noted in a facility structure, Contact the County Fire
Department (911).
5) Verbally notify the Landfill Manager.
6) Verbally notify the NCDEQ DWM (Section 1.1) as soon as practical.
7) Investigate and identify the potential source(s) and conduit(s) for LFG migration
that may have caused the high concentration (i.e. the migration path that the LFG
may be following to the monitoring location).
8) Identify the LFG extent using barhole punch sampling methodology or other
applicable alternative method as practical.
9) As appropriate, begin corrective action to control methane concentrations in
structures surrounding the landfill site.
3.1.1 Reporting and Documentation
Within seven days of the detection of a high methane concentration, the Facility
will prepare and submit an Environmental Monitoring Reporting Form (Appendix
A) with the results of the monitoring event to the DWM. The Facility will also
place a description of the actions performed to protect human health in the
operating record.
3.2 Remediation Plan
Within sixty days of the detection of a high methane concentration, a remediation plan
describing the problem nature, extent, and proposed remedy will be submitted to
NCDEQ for approval. Following approval the plan will be implemented and a copy will be
placed in the operating record. The DWM will also be notified the plan has been
implemented.

An extension may be granted by the DWM on written request and depending on severity
of the situation.

Figures

Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan
WI High Point, LLC.
WI High Point C&D Landfill
High Point, North Carolina

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14 N. Boylan Avenue, Raleigh NC 27603
NC LIC. NO. C-0828 (ENGINEERING)
919.828.0577
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DRAWN:APPROVED:SCALE:DATE:PROJECT NO.:FIGURE NO.:FILE NAME:
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© 2016 Smith Gardner, Inc.
FLOWCHART OF
METHANE MONITORING REQUIREMENTS
WI HIGH POINT LANDFILL, LLC
HIGH POINT C&D LANDFILL
T.R.S.M.M.G.N.T.S.WIHIGHPOINT 16-1 2 WI-A1113Jan 2016
2.WITHIN 7 DAYS1.IMMEDIATELY 3.WITHIN 60 DAYS
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Appendix A
Reporting Forms
Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan
WI High Point, LLC.
WI High Point C&D Landfill
High Point, North Carolina

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Form based on NC Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Division of Waste Management, Solid Waste Section, Landfill Gas Monitoring
Guidance, November 2010, pg. 16.
Landfill Gas Monitoring Data Form

Notice: This form and any information attached to it are "Public Records" as defined in NC General Statute 132-1. As such, these
documents are available for inspection and examination by any person upon request (NC General Statute 132-6).

Facility Name: ______________________________________________ Permit Number: ______________
Date of Sampling: ___________________ NC Landfill Rule (.0500 or .1600): _____________________
Name and Position of Sample Collector: _________________________________________
Type and Serial Number of Gas Meter: _______________________________ Calibration Date of Gas Meter: _____________
Date and Time of Field Calibration: ___________________Type of Field Calibration Gas (15/15 or 35/50): ____________
Expiration Date of Field Calibration Gas Canister: ________Pump Rate of Gas Meter: _____________
Ambient Air Temperature: __________ Barometric Pressure: ______________General Weather Conditions: _____________
Instructions: Under “Location or LFG Well” identify the monitoring wells or describe the location for other tests (e.g., inside buildings).
A drawing showing the location of test must be attached. Report methane readings in both % LEL and % methane by volume. A reading
in percent methane by volume can be converted to % LEL as follows: % methane by volume = % LEL/20.

Location
or LFG
Well ID
Sample
Tube
Purge
Time
Time
Pumped
(s)
Initial
% LEL
Stabilized
% LEL
%CH4 by
Volume %O2 %CO2 H2S
(ppm) Notes

If your facility has more gas monitoring locations than there is room on this form, please attach additional sheets listing the same
information as contained on this form.

Certification
To the best of my knowledge, the information reported and statements made on this data submittal and attachments are true
and correct. I am aware that there are significant penalties for making any false statement, representation, or certification
including the possibility of a fine and imprisonment.

_________________________________________ _________________________________________
SIGNATURE TITLE