SW_F_5103-MSWLF-1997_05-24-2013_RM_GW_1

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April 2013 Semi-Annual Groundwater Monitoring

Johnston County Phase 5 Landfill
Solid Waste Permit No. 51-03

Prepared for:

Johnston County Department of Public Utilities
309 East Market Street
Smithfield, North Carolina

May 2013

Prepared by:

© 2013 Smith Gardner, Inc.
This document is intended for the sole use of the client for which it was prepared and
for the purpose agreed upon by the client and Smith Gardner, Inc.

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Johnston County Phase 5 Landfill April 2013 Semi-Annual Groundwater Monitoring Report
May 2013 Table of Contents Page v
Johnston County Phase 5 Landfill
Smithfield, North Carolina

April 2013 Semi-Annual Groundwater Monitoring Report

Table of Contents
Page

1.0 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................... 1 
2.0 SITE GEOLOGY ........................................................................................................... 1 
3.0 SAMPLING LOCATIONS ............................................................................................. 1 
4.0 SAMPLING PROCEDURES ......................................................................................... 2 
5.0 FIELD AND LABORATORY RESULTS .......................................................................... 2 
5.1 Field Results .............................................................................................................. 2 
5.2 Laboratory Analysis ................................................................................................... 2 
5.3 Laboratory Results .................................................................................................... 3 
5.3.1 Inorgainc Constituents .................................................................................. 3 
5.3.2 Organic Constituents .................................................................................... 3 
6.0 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS & RESULTS ......................................................................... 3 
7.0 GROUND WATER CHARACTERIZATION ..................................................................... 3 
8.0 GROUND WATER ASSESSMENT ................................................................................ 4 
9.0 CONCLUSIONS .......................................................................................................... 4 

FIGURES
Figure 1 Groundwater Potentiometric Map

TABLES
Table 1 Groundwater Elevations and Velocities
Table 2 Field Parameter Data
Table 3 Detected Inorganic & Organic Constituents
Table 4 Statistical Analysis Summary
Table 5 Leachate Analytical Data

APPENDICES
Appendix A Monitoring Well Information
Appendix B Laboratory Analytical Report
Appendix C Time vs. Concentration Graphs

Johnston County Phase 5 Landfill April 2013 Semi-Annual Groundwater Monitoring Report
May 2013 Table of Contents Page vi

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Johnston County Phase 5 Landfill April 2013 Semi-Annual Groundwater Monitoring Report
May 2013 Page 1
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Smith Gardner, Inc. (S+G) is pleased to submit this semi-annual groundwater sampling report
on behalf of the Johnston County Subtitle D Phase 5 Landfill, currently operating under Solid
Waste Permit # 51-03. The C&D landfill is required to submit semi-annual ground water
monitoring reports in accordance with Solid Waste Section Rule 15A NCAC 13B .1632. This
report presents the semi-annual monitoring results for the event conducted on April 18 & 22,
2013.

This report includes a field procedure narrative, laboratory analyses, statistical analyses, and
ground water characterization for the Phase 5 site. Graphs of the analytical data over time and
the laboratory analytical reports are also provided.
2.0 SITE GEOLOGY
The site is underlain by Middendorf Formation sediments deposited largely in a deltaic system.
According to Geology of the Carolinas (Horton/Zullo, 1991) the formation consists of
unfossiliferous, interbedded, thin clay and sand. The stratigraphy tends to be very
discontinuous, indicating lenticular sediment deposits. Most sediments range from silty clay to
a coarse clayey sand and gravel with thin lenses of dense clay. There are occasional
concretions of iron oxide minerals which form very hard thin layers within the sand layers. In
general, the unconsolidated sediments logged during drilling events at the site were medium to
coarse sands with some silts and clays. The Middendorf Formation is underlain by highly
weathered metamorphic rocks of the Carolina Slate Belt.

The Middendorf Formation thickness is controlled by topography; with the bottom being
relatively flat-lying at elevations of approximately 170 fmsl1. The unconsolidated sediment
thickness ranges from approximately 65 feet to less than 10 feet in the lower elevations
surrounding the landfill.
3.0 SAMPLING LOCATIONS
The ground water monitoring network for Phase 5 comprises ten ground water monitoring
wells (MW-5-1, MW-5-2, MW-5-3, MW-5-4, MW-5-5, MW-5-6, MW-5-7, MW-5-8, MW-5-9, and
MW-5-10), two surface water locations, up and downstream on a tributary of Middle Creek,
(SW5-1 and SW5-2), one leachate collection point (Ph 5 Leachate), and three leachate
monitoring wells for the leachage lagoon (Leachate Lagoon #2, Leachate Lagoon # 3, and
Leachate Lagoon #4),. A trip blank (TB) and equipment blank (EB) were also included for quality
control.

Sampling locations are illustrated on Figure 1. Monitoring well construction information is
presented in Appendix A.

1 fmsl = feet above mean sea level

Johnston County Phase 5 Landfill April 2013 Semi-Annual Groundwater Monitoring Report
May 2013 Page 2

4.0 SAMPLING PROCEDURES
The sampling event performed by Johnston County personnel on April 18 and 22, 2013, was
conducted in accordance with the approved site Water Quality Monitoring Plan2. Sampling
methods followed the protocol outlined in the North Carolina Water Quality Monitoring
Guidance Document for Solid Waste Facilities (NCDENR, DWM). The depth to water in each
well was gauged prior to purging and sampling. Water table elevations are presented in
Table 1. Field measurements for pH, specific conductivity, turbidity and temperature were
recorded at each well.

Samples were collected by Johnston County personnel in laboratory prepared containers for
the specified analytical procedures. Samples were collected using dedicated, Micropurge
low-flow pumps. Ground water samples were properly preserved, placed on ice and
transported to a NC certified laboratory facility within the specified hold times for each
analysis.

5.0 FIELD AND LABORATORY RESULTS
5.1 Field Results
Temperature, pH, turbidity and specific conductance were measured in the field at the
time of sampling via direct read instruments. The field parameter results have
remained generally consistent with previously reported sampling events. Results are
summarized in Table 2.
5.2 Laboratory Analysis
The ground water samples were transported to Prism Laboratories, Inc., a North
Carolina certified laboratory (NC Certification #402) located in Charlotte, NC.
Groundwater samples and leachate lagoon samples were analyzed for the Appendix I
VOCs per EPA Test Method 8260B and Appendix I metals via EPA Test Method 3030C.
The Ph 4A collection, Ph4A detection and 5 leachate sample were also analyzed for
nitrate, sulfate, BOD, COD, phosphorous-total, TSS and ammonia via the SWS approved
test methods indicated in the laboratory report.

Samples were transported to the laboratory facility under proper chain of custody and
analyzed at the specified DWM Solid Waste Section Limits (SWSL)3 for Appendix I
constituents. The laboratory analytical report is included as Appendix B.

2 McKim & Creed Engineers, P.A., Permit to Construct Application Report, Johnston County Subtitle D
Landfill, June 1995, S&ME Design Hydrogeologic Study, Section 8, Revised June 6, 1997.
3 New Guidelines for electronic submittal of environmental monitoring data memo, NCDENR DWM, Solid
Waste Section, October 27, 2006.

Johnston County Phase 5 Landfill April 2013 Semi-Annual Groundwater Monitoring Report
May 2013 Page 3
5.3 Laboratory Results
Laboratory analytical results were compared with the 15A NCAC 2L 0200 Groundwater
Standard (2L Standard), SWSL or Groundwater Protection (GWP) Standard. Analytical
results remain generally consistent with historically reported detections. Inorganic and
organic detections are shown in Table 3.
5.3.1 Inorgainc Constituents
Inorganic results remain generally consistent with historically reported
detections. Three inorganic constituents (barium, cobalt and zinc) were detected
above the SWSL. No concentrations were reported above the 2L Standard.

Detected inorganic constituents are presented in Table 3.
5.3.2 Organic Constituents
1,2-dichloropropane (MS5-2 and MW5-8) was detected above the SWSL and 2L
Standard, which is consistent with historically reported results.

Laboratory results identified “J-qualified” values that represent a non-
quantifiable number detected below their reporting limit. Table 3 presents
detected organic constituents.
6.0 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS & RESULTS
Statistical analysis was not performed this event because no inorganic constituents were
detected at concentrations above their 2L Standards.
7.0 GROUND WATER CHARACTERIZATION
A potentiometric surface map was prepared from ground water data collected during this
sampling event. Ground water velocity was calculated for each monitoring well on-site using
the equation:
V = (KI)/ne
where:
K = hydraulic conductivity
I = ground water gradient
ne = effective porosity

Ground water velocities ranged from 0.001 feet/day (MW5-4) to 0.630 feet/day (MW5-2) and
averaged 0.138 feet/ day. Calculations are included in Table 1. The ground water flow is
generally north towards Middle Creek and its tributaries, which is consistent with this site’s
historic ground water flow patterns. The potentiometric surface map is presented as Figure 1.

Johnston County Phase 5 Landfill April 2013 Semi-Annual Groundwater Monitoring Report
May 2013 Page 4
8.0 GROUND WATER ASSESSMENT
1,2-Dichloropropane was detected above the SWSL in samples from MW5-2 and MW5-8 this
sampling event. 1,2-Dichloropropane can be used as a soil fumigant; since this property was
historically used for farming, we believe that is the 1,2-dichloropropane contamination source.

1,2-Dichloropropane concentrations have been consistent since 2007. J-qualified detections
were reported in leachate samples until October 2011, and have not been reported since. The
J-qualified detections were significantly below the values detected in the groundwater
monitoring wells and therefore, it is unlikely that the landfill is the source. We will continue to
monitor 1,2-dichloropropane concentrations in future monitoring events.
9.0 CONCLUSIONS
Inorganic constituents were detected above the SWSL but not above their 2L Standards. The
organic constituent 1,2-dichloropropane was reported above the 2L Standard; however, we
believe its source is historic farming practices at the site and did not result from landfill
activity. Benzene and vinyl chloride detected in the fall event were not confirmed with analytical
data from this event. No other organic constituents were detected this event.

The next ground water monitoring event is scheduled for October 2013. A report will be
submitted to NCDENR following laboratory and statistical analyses.

FIGURE

April 2013 Semi-Annual Monitoring Report
Johnston County Landfill Phase 5
NC Solid Waste Permit No. 51-03

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PHASE 1 & 2
PHASE 3
PHASE 4
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April 2013 Semi-Annual Monitoring Report
Johnston County Landfill Phase 5
NC Solid Waste Permit No. 51-03

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Table 4
Leachate Summary
Johnston County Phase 5 Lined Landfill
April 22, 2013
By: CS
Date: 5/16/2013
Parameter Unit
1Ph 5 -
Leachate
Leachate
Lagoon #1
Leachate
Lagoon #2
Leachate
Lagoon #3
Leachate
Lagoon #4
Ammonia as N ug/l 280000 NA NA NA NA
COD ug/l 440000 NA NA NA NA
Sulfate ug/l 17000 NA NA NA NA
Nitrate as N ug/l 140 NA NA NA NA
Phosphorus - Total ug/l 210 NA NA NA NA
Total Suspended Solids ug/l 56000 NA NA NA NA
Antimony ug/l 1.4 ND ND ND ND
Arsenic ug/l 12 ND 7.8 ND ND
Barium ug/l 170 8.8 11 13 1.6 J
Cadmium ug/l ND 0.050 J 0.063 J ND ND
Cobalt ug/l 5.9 0.10 J 120 0.28 J 1.3
Copper ug/l 0.64 J 0.18 J 0.48 J 0.13 J 0.49 J
Total Chromium ug/l 5.1 B 2.3 B 2.2 B 2.5 B 18 B
Lead ug/l 0.15 J ND 0.22 J ND ND
Nickel ug/l 41 1.6 J 6 1.4 J 5.4
Selenium ug/l 24 B 7.2 B 1.2 B ND 0.29 J,B
Silver ug/l 0.042 J 0.039 J 0.074 J 0.028 J ND
Thallium ug/l ND 0.22 J 0.28 J ND ND
Vanadium ug/l 2.6 J 2.7 J 2.4 J 1.2 J 3.3 J
Zinc ug/l 6.7 J 9.4 J 12 9.0 J 7.6 J
1,1-Dichloroethane ug/l 0.73 ND ND ND ND
1,4-Dichlorobenzene ug/l 8.5 ND ND ND ND
Acetone ug/l 10 ND ND ND ND
Benzene ug/l 2.7 ND ND ND ND
Chlorobenzene ug/l 1.1 ND ND ND ND
Cis-1,2-Dichloroethene ug/l 0.81 ND ND ND ND
Ethylbenzene ug/l 1.1 ND ND ND ND
Styrene ug/l 0.54 ND ND ND ND
Tetrahydrofuran ug/l 440 ND ND ND ND
Toluene ug/l 5.5 ND ND ND ND
o-Xylenes ug/l 9.2 ND ND ND ND
m,p-Xylenes ug/l 26 ND ND ND ND
Xylenes, total ug/l 36 ND ND ND ND
Vinyl Chloride ug/l 2NDNDNDND
NOITE:
1. Ph 5 - Leachate sample obtained from the manhole downgradient from the north end
NA = Not Analyzed
ND = Not Detected
Data from 12/12/2012 PRISM Laboratories, Inc. Prism Work Order: 3040578
H:\Projects\Groundwater Monitoring\2. Groundwater Monitoring Reports\Johnston\16. Johnston 4-
2013\ph5\Apr13- ph5 -Johnston_tables.xlsx

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Appendix A
Monitoring Well Information

April 2013 Semi-Annual Monitoring Report
Johnston County Landfill Phase 5
NC Solid Waste Permit No. 51-03

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Appendix B
Laboratory Analytical Report

April 2013 Semi-Annual Monitoring Report
Johnston County Landfill Phase 5
NC Solid Waste Permit No. 51-03

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Appendix C
Time vs. Concentration Graphs

April 2013 Semi-Annual Monitoring Report
Johnston County Landfill Phase 5
NC Solid Waste Permit No. 51-03

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