4302_Harnett_DunnErwinCDLF_Oct2015_2ndSemiAnnual_DIN26822_20151229

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October 2015 Groundwater Monitoring Report

Harnett County Dunn-Erwin Landfill
NC Solid Waste Permit No. 43-02

Prepared for:

Harnett County Solid Waste Department
P.O. Box 940
Lillington, North Carolina 27546

December 2015

Prepared by:

© 2015 Smith Gardner, Inc.
This document is intended for the sole use of the client for which it was prepared and
for the purpose agreed upon by the client and Smith Gardner, Inc.

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Harnett County Dunn-Erwin Landfill October 2015 Groundwater Monitoring Report
December 2015 Table of Contents Page i
Harnett County Dunn-Erwin Landfill
NC Solid Waste Permit No. 43-02

December 2015 Groundwater Monitoring Report

Table of Contents
Page

1.0 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................... 1 
2.0 SITE HYDROGEOLOGY ................................................................................................ 1 
3.0 SAMPLING LOCATIONS ............................................................................................. 1 
4.0 SAMPLING PROCEDURES ......................................................................................... 1 
5.0 FIELD & LABORATORY RESULTS .............................................................................. 2 
5.1 Field Results .............................................................................................................. 2 
5.2 Laboratory Analysis ................................................................................................... 2 
5.3 Laboratory Results .................................................................................................... 2 
5.3.1 Inorganic Constituents .................................................................................. 2 
5.3.2 Organic Constituents .................................................................................... 3 
5.3.3 Surface Water Results .................................................................................. 3 
6.0 GROUNDWATER CHARACTERIZATION ...................................................................... 3 
7.0 CORRECTIVE ACTION ................................................................................................ 4 
8.0 CONCLUSIONS .......................................................................................................... 4 

FIGURE
Figure 1 Groundwater Potentiometric Map

TABLES
Table 1 Groundwater Well Details & Elevations
Table 2 Field Parameters
Table 3 Detected Inorganic Constituents
Table 4 Detected Organic Constituents
Table 5 Groundwater Velocity Calculations

APPENDICES
Appendix A Well Logs
Appendix B Laboratory Analytical Report
Appendix C Time vs. Concentration Graphs

Harnett County Dunn-Erwin Landfill October 2015 Groundwater Monitoring Report
December 2015 Table of Contents Page ii

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Harnett County Dunn-Erwin Landfill October 2015 Groundwater Monitoring Report
December 2015 Page 1
1.0 INTRODUCTION
The Harnett County Dunn-Erwin Landfill is located at NC State Road 1724/449 Daniel’s Road,
Dunn, North Carolina. The facility contains an active C&D landfill, active LCID landfill and
closed unlined MSW landfill under Solid Waste Permit #43-02. Solid Waste Management Rule
15A NCAC 13B .0544 requires semi-annual groundwater monitoring with reports submitted to
NCDENR. A transfer station also operates at this location under SWS permit #43-07T.

This report presents the results from the semi-annual monitoring event conducted October 20-
21, 2015. Included in this report are a field procedure summary, laboratory analyses, summary
tables, graphs and groundwater characterization.
2.0 SITE HYDROGEOLOGY
According to the 1985 North Carolina Geological Map the landfill is situated in the Coastal Plain
Physiographic Province. The Dunn--Erwin area in Harnett County is underlain by the cretaceous
age Middendorf formation that is primarily light gray sand, sandstone and mudstone which acts
as a confining unit. The Middendorf formation was deposited in a deltaic system and varies
from 15m to over 100m thick1.

Groundwater depths historically range from 5 ft to 25 ft below ground surface (bgs) across the
facility. Groundwater generally flows west toward Steward Creek and south to an unnamed
tributary of Stewart Creek. There are minor seasonal variations in the flow pattern, but overall
flow direction is consistent.
3.0 SAMPLING LOCATIONS
The sampling event, performed by Smith Gardner, Inc. (S+G) personnel, utilized the
groundwater monitoring network that includes thirteen monitoring wells (MW-1, MW-2, MW-4,
MW-9, MW-10, MW-16, MW-32, MW-33, MW-34, MW-35, MW-53, MW-56 and MW-57) located
around the landfill perimeter, three piezometers (PZ-41, GP-28 and GP-30W) and four surface
water sampling points (SW-1, SW-2, SW-3 and SW-4) up and downstream of the landfill. SW-4
was unable to be sampled during this event because it was dry.

Figure 1 illustrates sampling locations. Available well logs are included in Appendix A.
4.0 SAMPLING PROCEDURES
Sampling methods followed the protocol outlined in the North Carolina Water Quality
Monitoring Guidance Document for Solid Waste Facilities (DENR, DWM) and the approved site
Water Quality Monitoring Plan2. Each well was gauged to determine groundwater depth and

1 Sohl, Norman F. and Owens, James P. “Cretaceous Stratigraphy of the Carolina Coastal Plain”. The Geology of the Carolinas. University of Tennessee Press,
1991. p191-220.
2 Water Quality Monitoring Plan, Harnett County Dunn Erwin Landfill, Smith Gardner, Inc., October 2013.

Harnett County Dunn-Erwin Landfill October 2015 Groundwater Monitoring Report
December 2015 Page 2
then purged three to five well volumes or until dry. Groundwater depths and elevations are
presented in Table 1.

Samples were collected by S+G personnel in laboratory prepared containers for the specified
analytical procedures. Groundwater samples and quality control blanks were properly
preserved, placed on ice and transported to the laboratory facility within the specified hold
times for each analysis.
5.0 FIELD & LABORATORY RESULTS
5.1 Field Results
Temperature, pH, turbidity and specific conductance were measured in the field at the
time of sampling via direct read instruments. The field parameter results are
summarized in Table 2 and remain consistent with previously reported sampling events.
5.2 Laboratory Analysis
Samples were transported to Environment 1, Inc.,(Greenville, NC) a North Carolina
certified laboratory (Wastewater ID: 10). Analysis included Appendix I metals and VOCs
for monitoring network locations. Analysis was performed using Solid Waste Section
(SWS) approved methods as reported on the laboratory report included in Appendix B.
5.3 Laboratory Results
Analytical results were compared to the NCDWM Solid Waste Section Quantitation
Limits (SWSLs), 15A NCAC 2L.0200 (2LStandard), SWS Groundwater Protection (GWP)
Standards and Federal Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCL). Surface water results
were compared with the NCAC 2B Standard for Class C waters (2B Standards).

Most constituents were reported either below the Method Detection Limit (MDL) or were
non-quantifiable values, which are noted as ‘‘J-values’’. ‘‘J-values’’ are defined by the
lab as between the MDL and SWSL.

Time versus concentration graphs are presented in Appendix C for the constituents
detected above their respective 2L or GWP Standards.
5.3.1 Inorganic Constituents
Three inorganic constituents were detected above their SWS GWP Standards for
this event:

 Beryllium (MW-16);
 Cobalt (MW-34); and
 Vanadium (MW-16, GP-30W and PZ-41S.

Harnett County Dunn-Erwin Landfill October 2015 Groundwater Monitoring Report
December 2015 Page 3

Two inorganic constituents were detected above their 2L Standards for this
event:

 Chromium (MW-16, GP-28W and GP-30W); and
 Lead (MW-16 and GP-30W).

Inorganic detections are summarized in Table 3.
5.3.2 Organic Constituents
The following six constituents were detected at concentrations above their
respective 2L Standards:

 1,1-Dichloroethane (MW-53 and GP-28W);
 Benzene (MW-53, MW-57 and GP-28W);
 Cis 1,2-Dichloroethene (GP-28W)
 Methylene Chloride (MW-53 and GP-28W);
 Tetrachloroethene (GP-28W); and
 Vinyl Chloride (MW-53 and GP-28W)

Organic detections are provided in Table 4.
5.3.3 Surface Water Results
Surface water sample analysis indicated no inorganic or organic constituents
were detected above 2B Standards for Class C waters.
6.0 GROUNDWATER CHARACTERIZATION
A potentiometric surface map was prepared from groundwater data for this sampling event.
The data indicates that groundwater is flowing generally south and southwest towards Stewarts
Creek, its tributary and associated wetlands that bisect the site. This is consistent with
groundwater flow patterns previously reported for the site. The potentiometric surface map is
attached as Figure 1.

Groundwater flow velocities during the sampling event were calculated for monitoring wells
using the equation:
V = Ki/n
where: K = hydraulic conductivity
i = groundwater gradient
n = porosity

Groundwater flow velocities ranged from 0.25ft/day (MW-9) to 4 x 10-6 ft/day (MW-1). These
calculated flow velocities are included in Table 6.

Harnett County Dunn-Erwin Landfill October 2015 Groundwater Monitoring Report
December 2015 Page 4
7.0 CORRECTIVE ACTION
The facility has been in Corrective Action since 2009. In accordance with the Corrective Action
Plan3 phytoremediation was implemented at the edge of the unlined MSW landfill. The trees
range from approximately 3 to 5 feet in height, with trunks about two inches thick. As of this
event the leaves had mostly dropped for fall.

In November 2013, a Request for Corrective Action Evaluation4, which summarized recent water
quality improvements at the compliance boundary and requested a two year evaluation period
prior to implementation of additional remedial strategies, was approved by NCDENR. In
accordance with this request S+G has evaluated water quality at the site over the past two
years. Monitoring locations MW-9 and MW-10 addressed in the CAP continue to remain
unimpacted by VOCs; however low levels of VOCs are still detected in MW-53 and GWP-28W. A
detailed summary of sampling results over the past two years as well as proposed actions to
further corrective action at the site are presented in the Corrective Action Evaluation Summary
Report will be submitted under separate cover.
8.0 CONCLUSIONS
In general, detected constituents from this event are consistent with historical analytical data.
VOC detections above the 2L Standard were reported in samples from wells MW-53 and MW-57
which are located within the 250 foot compliance boundary. VOC detections above 2L were also
reported in samples from GP-28W, which is located beyond the 250 ft. compliance boundary.

As stated above, a review of the corrective action for this facility will be submitted under
separate cover. The facility will continue semi-annual monitoring with the next event scheduled
for April 2016. A summary report will be submitted to NCDENR following laboratory sample
analysis.

3 C.T.Clayton, Sr., P.E. Revised Corrective Action Plan, October 9, 2009.
4 Smith Gardner, Inc. Revised Request for Corrective Action Evaluation, November 8, 2013.

FIGURES

October 2015 Groundwater Monitoring Report
Harnett County Dunn-Erwin Landfill
NC Solid Waste Permit No. 43-02

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October 2015 Groundwater Monitoring Report
Harnett County Dunn-Erwin Landfill
Solid Waste Permit No. 43-02

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Appendix A
Well Logs

October 2015 Groundwater Monitoring Report
Harnett County Dunn-Erwin Landfill
Solid Waste Permit No. 43-02

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This page intentionally left blank.

Appendix B
Laboratory Analytical Report

October 2015 Groundwater Monitoring Report
Harnett County Dunn-Erwin Landfill
NC Solid Waste Permit No. 43-02

This page intentionally left blank.
This page intentionally left blank.

Appendix C
Time vs. Concentration Graphs

October 2015 Groundwater Monitoring Report
Harnett County Dunn-Erwin Landfill
NC Solid Waste Permit No. 43-02

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