6512_Duke_Sutton_WQMP_DIN25549_20160922

Prepared for

Duke Energy Progress, LLC
526 South Church Street
Charlotte, North Carolina 28202

WATER QUALITY MONITORING PLAN

L.V. SUTTON ENERGY COMPLEX
ONSITE COAL COMBUSTION RESIDUALS LANDFILL

Wilmington, North Carolina

Prepared by

Geosyntec Consultants of NC, PC
1300 South Mint Street, Suite 410
Charlotte, North Carolina 28203
License No. C-3500

Project Number GC5770

August 2015

____________________________
Victor M. Damasceno, Ph.D., P.E.
North Carolina Registration No. 042284
Date: _______________
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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................ 1
1.1 Purpose and Scope ...................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Site Description .......................................................................................................... 1
1.3 Evaluation of Hydrogeologic Conditions ................................................................... 1
2 GROUNDWATER MONITORING SYSTEM DESIGN............................................. 3
2.1 Monitoring Well Locations, Classification and Installation Schedule ....................... 3
2.2 Monitoring Well Construction.................................................................................... 4
2.3 Monitoring Well Development ................................................................................... 4
2.4 Maintenance and Recordkeeping................................................................................ 4
2.5 Monitoring Well Decommissioning ........................................................................... 5
3 GROUNDWATER MONITORING SYSTEM ............................................................. 6
3.1 Groundwater Constituents and Analytical Procedures ............................................... 6
3.2 Sampling Schedule and Frequency ............................................................................. 6
4 GROUNDWATER SAMPLING METHODOLOGY .................................................. 7
4.1 Groundwater Sample and Water Level Collection ..................................................... 7
4.2 Sample Preservation and Handling ............................................................................. 7
4.3 Chain-of-Custody Control .......................................................................................... 7
4.3.1 Sample Labels .................................................................................................. 8
4.3.2 Sample Seal ...................................................................................................... 8
4.3.3 Field Logbook .................................................................................................. 8
4.3.4 Chain-of-Custody Record ................................................................................ 8
4.4 Quality Assurance and Quality Control ...................................................................... 9
4.4.1 Duplicate Samples ............................................................................................ 9
4.4.2 Trip Blank Samples .......................................................................................... 9
4.4.3 Equipment Blank Samples ............................................................................... 9
4.4.4 Field Blank Samples ...................................................................................... 10
4.5 Laboratory Quality Assurance/Quality Control ....................................................... 10
5 DATA EVALUATION AND REPORTING ............................................................... 11
5.1 Evaluation of Water Elevation Data ......................................................................... 11
5.2 Reporting .................................................................................................................. 11
6 SURFACE WATER MONITORING PROGRAM .................................................... 12
7 LEACHATE MONITORING PROGRAM ................................................................. 13
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8 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................... 14

LIST OF TABLES
Table 1. Monitoring Well Classification, Installation Schedule, and Construction
Summary
Table 2. Detection Monitoring Analyte Summary

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1. Site Location Map
Figure 2. Groundwater Monitoring Well Network
Figure 3. Monitoring Well Construction Detail

LIST OF ATTACHMENTS
Attachment A: Groundwater Potentiometric Surface Maps
Attachment B: Duke Energy Low Flow Sampling Plan

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1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Purpose and Scope
This Water Quality Monitoring Plan (Plan) is submitted as an Appendix to the Site
Construction Permit Application (Application) for a proposed onsite coal combustion
residuals (CCR) landfill at Duke Energy Progress, LLC (DEP) L.V. Sutton Energy Complex
(Sutton) located near Wilmington, New Hanover County, North Carolina to be submitted to
the State of North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR),
Division of Waste Management, Solid Waste Section (SWS). This Plan addresses the
specific information required by the North Carolina Solid Waste Management (NCSWM)
Rule 15A NCAC 13B .0504 and .1631 through .1637. This Plan also addresses the
requirements outlined by the SWS for the proper environmental sampling, monitoring and
electronic reporting at solid waste landfills.
1.2 Site Description
Sutton is located in New Hanover County, near Wilmington, North Carolina between the
Cape Fear River to the west and the Northeast Cape Fear River to the east. The Sutton Plant
operated as a three-unit, 575-megawatt coal-fired plant from 1954 until retirement in
November 2013. Upon retirement of the coal-fired units in November 2013, a new 625-
megawatt gas-fired combined-cycle unit began operating.
There are two CCR basins located at Sutton: (i) the 1971 Basin, and (ii) the 1984 Basin.
The approximate area of each basin is 54 and 82 acres, respectively. Other notable features
at the site include the lay of land area (LOLA), located to the south of the 1971 Basin, the
cooling pond (also referred to as Lake Sutton), to which the public have access and a
discharge canal that conveys water from the plant to the cooling pond. DEP intends to
remove CCR from the 1971 and 1984 basins and place it within a proposed onsite lined
CCR landfill. A site location map showing the proposed onsite CCR landfill footprint is
presented as Figure 1.
1.3 Evaluation of Hydrogeologic Conditions
A detailed hydrogeologic evaluation was performed to collect the information required by
the North Carolina Solid Waste Management Rule 15A NCAC 13B .0504(1)(c). This report
was submitted as part of the Site Suitability Report as Volume II – Hydrogeologic Report
[Geosyntec, 2015]. The results of the hydrogeologic investigation provided the basis for the
design of the groundwater monitoring system presented herein as required by NCSWM Rule
15A NCAC 13B .1631.
The pertinent conclusions from the hydrogeologic evaluation include the following:
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 The uppermost aquifer is comprised of the surficial aquifer and the Upper Peedee
Aquifer. The uppermost aquifer extends from the water table which is encountered
between 9.5 and 12 feet above the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD
88) to approximately -35 feet NAVD 88.
 A discontinuous confining unit, regionally identified as the Peedee Confining Unit
was encountered only in the northern portion of the Site between the surficial aquifer
and the Upper Peedee Aquifer between -15 and -20 feet NAVD 88.
 Groundwater flow within the uppermost aquifer is generally toward the west within
the southern portion of the proposed CCR landfill and to the east within the northern
portion of the proposed CCR landfill. Potentiometric surface maps from January and
March 2015, extracted from Geosyntec [2015] are included in Attachment A for
reference and completeness.
 The horizontal groundwater flow velocity within the Upper Peedee Aquifer ranges
from 7.7 and 45.3 feet per year (ft/yr), with a mean of 21.6 ft/yr. Site specific values
for hydraulic conductivity, porosity and effective porosity were used to evaluate
horizontal flow velocity.
 An upward vertical groundwater gradient was observed between the Upper Peedee
Aquifer and the underlying Peedee Aquifer.
 The seasonal high water table (SHWT) was determined by a combination of
observations from existing monitoring wells and groundwater modeling.
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2 GROUNDWATER MONITORING SYSTEM DESIGN
2.1 Monitoring Well Locations, Classification and Installation Schedule
Background and detection wells will be installed to adequately monitor the water quality of
the surficial aquifer as outlined in NCSWM Rule 15A NCAC 13B .0601 and .1631. The
proposed groundwater monitoring system is presented in Figure 2. Placement and
designation of the monitoring wells was based on the hydrogeologic information collected
during the site initial hydrogeologic investigation and summarized in Section 1.3 of this
report and consistent with the regulations outlined in 15A NCAC 02L .0107(b) and 15A
NCAC 02L .0108. As shown in the potentiometric surface maps provided in Attachment A,
groundwater flow in the uppermost aquifer is generally toward the west within the southern
portion of the proposed CCR landfill and to the east within the northern portion of the
proposed CCR landfill. It is important to note that the groundwater monitoring system was
designed based upon current conditions; however, the SHWT surface is provided in Sheet 5
of the Application Drawings for reference. Modifications to the configuration of the
detection and background wells may be necessary in the future as conditions transition to the
SHWT conditions (following abandonment of neighboring production wells).
Background (upgradient) wells will be installed on the upgradient side of the landfill
footprint at least 75 feet from the property boundary. Detection (downgradient) wells will
be installed at the review boundary located at the approximate midway point between the
compliance boundary and the waste boundary adjacent to the sumps at each proposed cell on
the downgradient side of the proposed landfill footprint. The compliance boundary is 250
feet from the waste boundary or 50 feet from the property line, whichever is closer to waste
boundary. The only exception is the location of DMW-7 and DMW-8 which are located
approximately 60 feet from the waste boundary due to the location of the North Surface
Water Pond. This configuration of background and detection wells will allow for the proper
representation of background groundwater quality and accurately represent the groundwater
quality passing the waste boundary (or zone of discharge) of the proposed CCR landfill.
The proposed landfill facility will be constructed in three phases (Phases 1 through 3) as
presented in the Application Drawings. Therefore, a phased sequence for well installation
was developed and is outlined in Table 1. The screened intervals and completion depths of
the monitoring wells are based on design elevations of the side slopes. The monitoring well
installation locations surface elevations provided may change based upon site
configuration/conditions. A total of three background and six detection wells will be
installed during Phase 1 landfill construction. Phase 2 landfill construction will include the
installation of two background wells and two detection wells. Finally, Phase 3 will include
the installation of two background wells and three detection wells.
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2.2 Monitoring Well Construction
All proposed wells will be screened within the uppermost aquifer between 0 and -10 NAVD
88 (above the discontinuous Peedee confining unit) and constructed, developed and labeled
according to applicable North Carolina Well Construction Standards as specified in 15A
NCAC 02C .0108. A detail of the proposed well construction is provided in Figure 3. A
soil boring log will be prepared by the geologist or engineer by visually inspecting drill
cuttings directly from the auger flights, samples from a standard penetration test (SPT) split-
spoon sampler, or other sampling technique to ensure that the screened portion of the well is
installed at the appropriate interval.
A State of North Carolina registered land surveyor will determine the horizontal location of
each monitoring well, to the nearest 0.1 foot NAVD 1988, as well as the elevation of the
ground surface and measuring reference point on the top of the inner well casing to the
nearest 0.01 foot, NAVD 1988.
2.3 Monitoring Well Development
The monitoring wells will be developed to remove fine grained matter present in the well
due to well construction activities to ensure hydraulic connection with the aquifer.
Development will be performed no sooner than 24 hours after well construction and will be
completed with a submersible pump and surge block if needed (or other approved method).
In general, each well will be developed until sediment-free water with stabilized field
parameters (i.e., temperature, pH, turbidity and specific conductance) is obtained. Well
development equipment (e.g., pumps, surge blocks) and any additional equipment that
contacts subsurface formations will be decontaminated prior to on-site use, between
consecutive on-site uses, and/or between consecutive well installations. The purge water will
be disposed of on the ground surface at least 10 feet downgradient of the monitoring well
being purged, unless conditions suggest the water will need to be disposed of by other
methods.
2.4 Maintenance and Recordkeeping
Monitoring wells will be used and maintained in accordance with design specifications
throughout the life of the monitoring program. Routine well maintenance will include
inspection and correction/repair of, as necessary, identification labels, concrete aprons,
locking caps and locks, and access to the wells. Should it be determined that background or
compliance monitoring wells no longer provide samples representative of the quality of
groundwater passing the relevant point of compliance, the SWS will be notified. The owner
or owner’s representative will re-evaluate the monitoring network, and provide
recommendations to the SWS for modifying, rehabilitating, decommissioning, or installing
replacement or additional monitoring wells, as appropriate. Laboratory analytical results will
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be submitted to the SWS semi-annually. Analytical data, calculations, and other relevant
groundwater monitoring records will be kept throughout the active life of the facility and the
post-closure care period, including notices and reports of any North Carolina (2L)
Groundwater Protection Standard exceedances, resampling notifications, and resampling
results.
2.5 Monitoring Well Decommissioning
Should the need arise during the monitoring period, monitoring wells will be
decommissioned in accordance with 15A NCAC 02C .0113 (d) using the methods outlined
below. Monitoring wells that are located within the future landfill footprint (including the
wells currently installed within the footprint of the landfill) will be overdrilled to remove
well construction materials, and grouted with a cement-bentonite grout. Monitoring wells
that will potentially interfere with access and construction activities will be grouted in place
without overdrilling, with a cement-bentonite grout and removing surface features, such as
concrete aprons, protective casings, and stick-ups. In each case, the bentonite content of the
cement-bentonite grout shall be approximately 5%. A tremie pipe will be used to ensure that
grout is continuously placed from the bottom of the borehole/monitoring well upward. If a
well becomes damaged during the monitoring period of the landfill the monitoring well will
be decommissioned with the procedures described above. Approval from the SWS will be
sought prior to the decommissioning of any monitoring well.
For each monitoring well decommissioned, the following information will be provided to
the SWS in a report sealed by a licensed geologist: the monitoring well name, a description
of the procedure by which the monitoring well was decommissioned, the date when the
monitoring well was considered to be taken out of service, and the date when the monitoring
well was decommissioned.
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3 GROUNDWATER MONITORING SYSTEM
The groundwater monitoring program will consist of collecting groundwater samples on a
semi-annual basis to monitor the groundwater quality upgradient and downgradient of the
landfill. The groundwater constituents, analytical procedures, and sampling schedule and
frequency are summarized below.
3.1 Groundwater Constituents and Analytical Procedures
A DENR certified laboratory will be utilized for analysis of the groundwater samples.
Analyses will be performed in accordance with US EPA SW 846 methods in accordance
with the US EPA guidance document [US EPA, 1997]. For available constituents, method
numbers and reporting limits to be used will be those listed in the 27 October 2006, SWS
memorandum and February 23, 2007, addendum. These memos, titled New Guidelines for
Electronic Submittal of Environmental Monitoring Data [SWS, 2006] and Addendum to 27
October 2006, North Carolina Solid Waste Section Memorandum Regarding New
Guidelines for Electronic Submittal of Environmental Monitoring Data [SWS, 2007]. The
proposed monitoring parameters are listed in Table 2, along with the proposed analytical
methods and reporting limits. These analytes represent the required parameters for North
Carolina CCR landfills with DENR SWS. Alternate SW 846 methods may be used if they
have the same or lower reporting limit. The laboratory must report any detection of any
constituent even if it is detected below the solid waste reporting limit (as revised in the 27
October 2006, memorandum [SWS, 2006] and 23 February 2007, addendum [SWS, 2007]).
3.2 Sampling Schedule and Frequency
In accordance with NCSWM Rule 15A NCAC 13B .1633, baseline sampling will include all
new background and detection wells installed during Phase 1. These same wells will be
independently sampled for the parameters summarized in Table 2 on four occasions prior to
CCR placement in the newly constructed landfill unit within the initial semi-annual
sampling event. Collectively, the baseline dataset will constitute the first semi-annual
sampling event and will provide a background dataset for the future statistical evaluation of
detection data. This protocol will also be followed for Phases 2 and 3 of the landfill once
they are constructed.
Detection monitoring will be initiated following initial CCR placement and will include the
semi-annual collection of one sample from each background and detection well and analysis
for the detection monitoring constituents summarized in Table 2.
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4 GROUNDWATER SAMPLING METHODOLOGY
Groundwater samples will be obtained and analyzed semi-annually using methods consistent
with NCSWM Rule 15A NCAC 13B .1632, Solid Waste Section Guidelines for
Groundwater, Soil, and Surface Water Sampling [SWS, 2008] and the DENR approved
Duke Energy Low Flow Sampling Plan [Duke Energy, 2015] which is provided in
Attachment B. The following sections provide specific details regarding sample collection,
sample handling, quality control and chain of custody procedures.
4.1 Groundwater Sample and Water Level Collection
If non-dedicated sampling equipment is utilized, groundwater samples will initially be
collected from the background wells followed by sample collection from detection wells.
Static groundwater levels will be collected, to the nearest 0.01 foot, using an electronic
water level meter at each monitoring well prior to purging and groundwater sampling.
Groundwater elevations will be calculated by subtracting the groundwater level as measured
from top of casing from the elevation of the top of casing. Water levels from all background
and detection wells will be collected within a 24-hour period to facilitate evaluation of the
rate and direction of groundwater flow for each monitoring event. The purging method(s)
selected for monitoring well sampling (either low flow or volume averaging procedures)
will be followed as outlined in Duke Low Flow Sampling Plan [Duke Energy, 2015]. If
non-dedicated sampling equipment is utilized, decontamination and tubing replacement
procedures will be followed as specified in Duke Low Flow Sampling Plan (Duke Energy,
2015)
4.2 Sample Preservation and Handling
The samples will be packed into pre-chilled, ice-filled coolers following collection and
either hand-delivered or shipped overnight by a commercial carrier to a NC certified
laboratory under chain-of-custody control for analysis. Sample preservation methods will be
used to retard biological action and hydrolysis, as well as to reduce sorption effects. These
methods will include chemical preservation (if the analytical method requires),
cooling/refrigeration at 4 degrees Celsius and protection from light.
4.3 Chain-of-Custody Control
Appropriate chain-of-custody procedures will be followed and allow for tracing sample
possession and handling from the time of field collection through laboratory analysis. The
chain-of-custody program includes sample labels, sample seal, field logbook, and chain-of-
custody record.
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4.3.1 Sample Labels
Legible labels sufficiently durable to remain legible when wet will contain the following
information.
 Site and sample identification number
 Monitoring well number or other location
 Date and time of collection
 Name of collector
 Parameters to be analyzed
 Preservative, if applicable
4.3.2 Sample Seal
The shipping container will be sealed to ensure that the samples have not been disturbed
during transport to the laboratory. The tape is labeled with instructions to notify the shipper
if the seal is broken prior to receipt at the laboratory.
4.3.3 Field Logbook
The field logbook will contain sheets documenting the following information.
 Identification of the well
 Well depth
 Field meter calibration information
 Static water level depth and measurement technique
 Purge volume (given in gallons)
 Time well was purged
 Date and time of collection
 Well sampling sequence
 Types of sample containers used and sample identification numbers
 Preservative used
 Field analysis data and methods
 Field observations on sampling event
 Name of collector(s)
 Climatic conditions including air temperatures and precipitation
4.3.4 Chain-of-Custody Record
The chain-of-custody record is required for tracing sample possession from time of
collection to time of receipt at the laboratory. A chain-of-custody record will accompany
each individual shipment. The record will contain the following information.
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 Sample destination and transporter
 Sample identification numbers
 Signature of collector
 Date and time of collection
 Sample type
 Identification of well
 Number of sample containers in shipping container
 Parameters requested for analysis
 Signature of person(s) involved in the chain of possession
 Inclusive dates of possession
 Internal temperature of shipping container upon opening in laboratory (noted by the
laboratory)
A copy of the completed chain-of-custody form will accompany the shipment and will be
returned to the shipper after the shipping container reaches its destination. The chain-of-
custody record will also be used as the analysis request sheet.
4.4 Quality Assurance and Quality Control
The quality control (QC) samples detailed in the following sections will be collected to
demonstrate the quality of the laboratory data and field collection methods.
4.4.1 Duplicate Samples
A duplicate sample shall be obtained from a different well for each event. The associated
well ID will be noted on the field logs. The sample will only be identified on the chain-of-
custody and jar labels as “Duplicate”.
4.4.2 Trip Blank Samples
No trip blanks are anticipated since no volatile organic compound samples will be collected.
4.4.3 Equipment Blank Samples
At least one equipment (rinsate) blank shall be collected for each sampling event that
requires field decontamination. The blank shall be collected from the equipment after use on
a contaminated well. The equipment blank is prepared by filling the decontaminated
sampling device with deionized water and then transferring it to an appropriate sample
container. This container is then handled in the same manner as other samples. Equipment
decontaminated in both the field and the office will be utilized as candidates for equipment
blanks.
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4.4.4 Field Blank Samples
A field blank will be collected in the event that weather or environmental conditions are
unstable in the vicinity of the well while it is being sampled (i.e., heavy winds, rain, and
heavy equipment operation).
A field blank may be collected and analyzed during each monitoring event to verify that the
sample collection and handling process has not affected the quality of the samples. The
field blank will be prepared in the field and exposed to the sampling environment. As with
all other samples, the time of the blank exposure will be recorded so that the sampling
sequence is documented. The field blank will be analyzed for the same list of constituents
as the groundwater samples. The assessment of blank analysis results will be in general
accordance with USEPA guidance documents (USEPA, 1993 and 1994). No positive
sample results will be relied upon unless the concentration of the compound in the sample
exceeds 10 times the amount in any blank for common laboratory contaminants, or five
times the amount for other compounds. If necessary, resampling will be performed as
necessary to confirm or refute suspect data; such resampling will occur within the individual
compliance monitoring period.
Concentrations of any contaminants found in the blanks will be used to qualify the
groundwater data. Any compound detected in the sample, which was also detected in any
associated blank, will be qualified “B” when the sample concentration is less than five times
the blank concentration. For common laboratory contaminants, the results will be qualified
“B” when the reported sample concentration is less than 10 times the blank concentration.
The “B” qualifier designates that the reported detection is considered to represent cross-
contamination and that the reported constituent is not considered to be present in the sample
at the reported concentration.
4.5 Laboratory Quality Assurance/Quality Control
The contracted laboratory is given the flexibility to use any QA/QC program appropriate for
the specified analysis. The laboratory shall provide verification of this programs use with the
results of the sample analyses. A North Carolina certified groundwater laboratory shall
perform the required testing.
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5 DATA EVALUATION AND REPORTING
In accordance with NCSWM Rule 15A NCAC 13B .1632, evaluation of the water elevation
and water quality data will be completed following each semi-annual sampling event using
statistical methods. The sections below outline the evaluation procedures and the reporting
procedures.
5.1 Evaluation of Water Elevation Data
Evaluation of the water elevation data will be performed to determine the direction and rate
of groundwater flow for each semi-annual sampling event.
5.2 Reporting
In accordance with NCSWM Rule 15A NCAC 13B .1632, the reporting content and
schedule will consist of a report following each semi-annual sampling event.
A semi-annual report will be prepared and submitted to the SWS within 120 days of each
semi-annual sampling event. The report will include the following elements.
 A summary the groundwater sampling event including: field observations relating to
the conditions of the monitoring wells, field data, laboratory data, statistical analysis,
sampling methodologies and quality assurance and quality control data; and
 Groundwater elevation map which summarizes the rate and direction of groundwater
flow at the CCR unit and calculations of groundwater flow rate of any constituents
that exceed applicable groundwater standards.
The submittals will be consistent with the requirements summarized in the SWS memo:
Groundwater, Surface Water, Soil, Sediment, and Landfill Gas Electronic Document
Submittal dated 5 November 2014 [SWS, 2014] and will be accompanied by a signed
Environmental Monitoring Data Form.
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6 SURFACE WATER MONITORING PROGRAM
No effects upon surface water are anticipated, therefore no surface water monitoring is
proposed as specified in 15A NCAC 13B .0602.
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7 LEACHATE MONITORING PROGRAM
Leachate monitoring will be conducted on a semi-annual basis according to 15A NCAC 13B
.1626(12). A composite leachate sample will be collected from the leachate storage tank or
sample port installed within the leachate distribution main and analyzed for the parameters
summarized in Table 2.
The composite leachate sample collected from the leachate tank system shall be collected
from an in-line sampling point. The inline sampling valve is linked to each of the leachate
tanks; therefore, the sample collected from this inline sampling valve will be a composite
leachate sample. The leachate sample will be labeled L-1.
The leachate sample will be analyzed for the list of constituents on Table 2 and the field
parameters pH, specific conductivity, and temperature. The results of the analysis of the
leachate data will be submitted to the SWS at least semi-annually in conjunction with the
groundwater data, but will not be compared to the water quality standards that groundwater
samples are.
Leachate samples will adhere to the same protocols for collection, preservation, custody,
documentation and analysis as applied to groundwater in preceding section 4.
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8 REFERENCES
Duke Energy (2015). Low Flow Sampling Plan, Duke Energy Facilities, Ash Basin
Groundwater Assessment Program, North Carolina, dated 10 June 2015.
Geosyntec Consultants, Inc. (2015). Site Suitability Report, Volume II – Hydrogeologic
Report, L.V. Sutton Plant, Project Number GC5770.
SWS (2006). New Guidelines for Electronic Submittal of Environmental Monitoring Data,
memo dated 27 October 2006, North Carolina Department of Environment and
Natural Resources, Division of Waste Management, Solid Waste Section.
SWS (2007). Addendum to October 27, 2006, North Carolina Solid Waste Section
Memorandum Regarding New Guidelines for Electronic Submittal of Environmental
Monitoring Data, memo dated 23 February 2007, North Carolina Department of
Environment and Natural Resources, Division of Waste Management, Solid Waste
Section.
SWS (2008). Guidelines for Groundwater, Soil, and Surface Water Sampling, North
Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Division of Waste
Management, Solid Waste Section, Revised April 2008.
SWS (2014). Groundwater, Surface Water, Soil, Sediment, and Landfill Gas Electronic
Document Submittal, memo dated 5 November 2014, North Carolina Department of
Environment and Natural Resources, Division of Waste Management, Solid Waste
Section.
US EPA (1997). SW-846 Methods for Valuating Solid Waste, Physical/Chemical Methods,
Final Update III, United States Environmental Protection Agency.

TABLES

Table 1: Monitoring Well Classification, Installation Schedule, and Construction
Summary
Monitoring
Well
Designation
Well Classification Installation
Schedule
Anticipated Land Surface
Elevation (feet NAVD
1988)
Monitoring
Well Screened
Interval
(ft. BLS)(1)
BMW-1 Background Phase 1 22.2 22-32
BMW-2 Background Phase 1 17.9 18-28
BMW-3 Background Phase 1 21.1 21-31
DMW-1 Detection Phase 1 27.2 27-37
DMW-2 Detection Phase 1 28.7 29-39
DMW-3 Detection Phase 1 30.0 30-40
DMW-4 Detection Phase 1 30.0 30-40
DMW-5 Detection Phase 1 29.0 29-39
DMW-6 Detection Phase 1 27.7 28-38
BMW-4 Background Phase 2 29.6 30-40
BMW-5 Background Phase 2 23.3 23-33
DMW-7 Detection Phase 2 24.0 24-34
DMW-8 Detection Phase 2 24.0 24-34
BMW-5 Background Phase 3 23.3 23-33
BMW-6 Background Phase 3 21.9 22-32
DMW-9 Detection Phase 3 26.3 26-36
DMW-10 Detection Phase 3 25.0 25-35
DMW-11 Detection Phase 3 24.0 24-34
Notes:
1) ft. BLS – feet below land surface based upon designed land surface elevation

Table 2: Detection Monitoring Analyte Summary
Constituent Analytical
Methods(s)
15A NCAC 2L
Groundwater Standard
(µg/L)
De
t
e
c
t
i
o
n

M
o
n
i
t
o
r
i
n
g

C
o
n
s
t
i
t
u
e
n
t
s

Arsenic (Total) EPA 200.8 10
Barium (Total) EPA 200.7 700
Boron (Total) EPA 200.7 700
Cadmium (Total) EPA 200.8 2
Chloride EPA 300.0 250,000
Chromium (Total) EPA 200.7 10
Copper (Total) EPA 200.7 1,000
Fluoride EPA 300.0 2,000
Iron (Total) EPA 200.7 300
Lead (Total) EPA 200.8 15
Manganese (Total) EPA 200.7 50
Mercury (Total) EPA 245.1 1
Nickel (Total) EPA 200.7 100
Nitrate (as Nitrogen) EPA 300.0 10,000
Selenium (Total) EPA 200.8 20
Silver (Total) EPA 200.7 20
Sulfate EPA 300.0 250,000
TDS SM2540C 500,000
Zinc (Total) EPA 200.7 1,000
Notes:
2) µg/L – micrograms per liter
3) N/A – not available

FIGURES
PROPOSEDONSITE CCRLANDFILL LOCATION
SITE LOCATION MAP
L.V. SUTTON ONSITE CCR LANDFILL
L.V. Sutton Energy Complex
Wilmington, North Carolina
Figure
1
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Notes1. Basemap Source: World Street Maps Base Map.Charlotte, NC August 2015
1 0 1 20.5 Miles
³
Legend
Existing BasinsProperty Boundary
Cooling Pond
4"
(MIN)
TBD
6"
1'
10'
2.5'
0.5'
BOTTOM OF CONCRETE
APPROXIMATELY 1'
BELOW FINAL GRADE
2'
1'
NOMINAL
6.5" BOREHOLE
TBD
11.5'
LOCKING CAP
VENTING CAP
4" DIAMATER STEEL
PROTECTIVE CASING
UNIFORM PEA GRAVEL
(WASHED)
2'X2' CONCRETE PAD
FINAL
GRADE
CEMENT/BENTONITE
GROUT
FINAL SAND SEAL
(30/65 GRADE)
2" WELL CASING/RISER
ASTM NSF RATED SCH. 40
PVC, FLUSH-THREADED
SAND PACK
(20/30 SILICA SAND)
FACTORY SLOTTED 10'x2"
# 10 SLOT (0.010") PRE-PACKED
WELL SCREEN (20/40 SILICA SAND)
END CAP
0'
NAVD
1988
-10'
NAVD
1988
1/2" DIAMETER WEEP HOLE
IDENTIFICATION PLATE
(SEE IDENTIFICATION PLATE
INFORMATION BELOW)
PROJECT NO.
FILE NO.
FIGURE NO.
DATE:
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GC5770.02 2
GC5770.02F001AUGUST 2015
CHARLOTTE, NC
PROPOSED TYPICAL MONITORING
WELL CONSTRUCTION DETAIL
TBD
LEGEND
TO BE DETERMINED BASED
ON FINAL GRADE AT EACH
WELL LOCATION
NOTE:
1. A DURABLE, WATERPROOF AND RUSTPROOF IDENTIFICATION PLATE
WILL BE AFFIXED TO EACH WELL AND WILL CONTAIN THE FLOWING
INFORMATION:
a. WELL CONTRACTOR NAME AND CERTIFICATION NUMBER.
b. DATE WELL COMPLETED.
c. TOTAL DEPTH OF WELL.
d. A WARNING THAT THE WELL IS NOT FOR WATER SUPPLY AND
THAT THE GROUNDWATER MAY CONTAIN HAZARDOUS MATERIALS.
e. DEPTH(S) TO THE TOP(S) AND BOTTOM(S) OF THE SCREEN(S).
f. WELL IDENTIFICATION NUMBER.

ATTACHMENT A
GROUNDWATER POTENTIOMETRIC SURFACE
MAPS
LA-PZ-1
LA-PZ-2
LA-PZ-3
LA-PZ-4
LA-PZ-5
LA-SPT-1
LA-SPT-2
LA-SPT-3
LA-SPT-4
LA-SPT-5
LA-SPT-6
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1
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5
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11.5
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11.0
LEGEND
APPROXIMATE BASIN AND LANDFILL OUTLINE
APPROXIMATE COOLING POND OUTLINE
APPROXIMATE LAY OF LAND AREA (LOLA) OUTLINE
APPROXIMATE PROPERTY BOUNDARY
LANDFILL 50 FOOT BUFFER
LANDFILL 500 FOOT BUFFER
POTENTIOMETRIC CONTOURS INSIDE POTENTIAL LANDFILL FOOTPRINT
HISTORICAL MONITORING WELLS
HISTORICAL PIEZOMETERS
PROPOSED GEOSYNTEC LANDFILL AREA PIEZOMETER
NOTES:
.A SUFFIX WAS ADDED TO HISTORICAL PIEZOMETER PAIRS TO INDICATE THE DEPTH
I.E. D: DEEP, S: SHALLOW.
.GROUNDWATER LEVELS WERE COLLECTED ON JANUARY 27 AND 28, 2015.
.HORIZONTAL COORDINATE SYSTEM IS BASED ON NORTH CAROLINA STATE PLANE
NCGRID/NAD83 (2011), US SURVEY FEET.
.ELEVATIONS ON THIS FIGURE ARE REFERENCED TO NAVD88 VERTICAL DATUM.
N
COOLING
POND
1984 ASH BASIN
1984 ASH BASIN
(2006 INTERIOR CONTAINMENT AREA)
GREENFIELD
LANDFILL AREA
1971 ASH BASIN
LOLA
CANAL
1,000'0
SCALE IN FEET
LA-PZ-1
PROJECT NO:
FIGURE
L.V. SUTTON
POTENTIOMETRIC SURFACE MAP
JANUARY 2015
0$< 2015

GC5770
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MW-1A
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PROJECT NO.:DATE:SIGNATURE DATEMAY 2015 GC5770.02DATEREVAPPDESCRIPTION

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S I G NAT U R E

ATTACHMENT B
DUKE ENERGY LOW FLOW SAMPLING PLAN

Low Flow Sampling Plan
Duke Energy
Facilities
Ash Basin Groundwater Assessment Program
North Carolina
June 10, 2015

Duke Energy | Low Flow Groundwater Sampling Plan
Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Low Flow Sampling Plan ....................................................................................................... 1
1.0 PURPOSE ............................................................................................................................... 1
2.0 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS ............................................................................................. 1
3.0 PROCEDURES ....................................................................................................................... 2
3.1 Pre-Job Preparation ............................................................................................................. 2
3.2 Water-Level Measurements ................................................................................................. 3
3.3 Well Purging ........................................................................................................................ 4
3.3.1 Low-Flow Well Purging ............................................................................................ 4
3.3.2 Volume-Averaging Well Purging .............................................................................. 8
3.4 Sampling ....................................................................................................................... 10
3.4.1 Low-Flow Sampling ............................................................................................... 10
3.4.2 Sampling after Volume-Averaging Purge ............................................................... 11
3.5 Sample Handling, Packing, and Shipping ..................................................................... 11
3.5.1 Handling ................................................................................................................ 11
3.5.2 Sample Labels ....................................................................................................... 11
3.5.3 Chain-of-Custody Record ...................................................................................... 12
3.6 Field Quality Control Samples ....................................................................................... 12
3.7 Field Logbook Documentation....................................................................................... 13
3.8 Decontamination and Waste Management ................................................................... 14
4.0 REFERENCES ..................................................................................................................... 14
APPENDIX ADecontamination of Equipment SOP ................................................................... 15
1.0 Purpose & Application ...................................................................................................... 16
2.0 Equipment & Materials .......................................................................................................... 16
3.0 Procedure ............................................................................................................................. 16
3.1 Decontamination of Non-Disposable Sampling Equipment .......................................... 16
3.2 Decontamination of Field Instrumentation .................................................................... 16
3.3 Decontamination of Groundwater Sampling Equipment ............................................... 17
3.4 Materials from Decontamination Activities .................................................................... 17
APPENDIX BSampling Equipment Check List – Table 1.......................................................... 18
APPENDIX CField Logbook/Data Sheets ................................................................................. 20
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1.0 PURPOSE

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1.0 PURPOSE
The purpose of this low flow sampling plan is to establish a standard operating
procedure (SOP) to describe collection procedures for groundwater samples from
monitoring wells using low-flow purging and sampling techniques or by the volume-
averaged purging and sampling method at Duke Energy Ash Basin Groundwater
Assessment Program facilities.

2.0 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
Potential hazards associated with the planned tasks shall be thoroughly evaluated prior
to conducting field activities. The Ready-To-Work Plan developed for each facility
provides, among other items, a description of potential hazards and associated safety
and control measures.
Sampling personnel must wear powder-free nitrile gloves or equivalent while
performing the procedures described in this SOP. Specifically, gloves must be worn
while preparing sample bottles, preparing and decontaminating sampling equipment,
collecting samples, and packing samples. At a minimum, gloves must be changed
prior to the collection of each sample, or as necessary to prevent the possibility of
cross-contamination with the sample, the sample bottles, or the sampling equipment.
Field sampling equipment shall be decontaminated in accordance with the
Decontamination of Equipment SOP (Appendix A) prior to use. Although sampling
should typically be conducted from least to most impacted location, field logistics may
necessitate other sample collection priorities. When sampling does not proceed from
least to most impacted location, precautions must be taken to ensure that appropriate
levels of decontamination are achieved.
An example of equipment needed to properly conduct low-flow purging and sampling or
volume- averaged groundwater purging and sampling is listed on the example checklist
in Table 1 (Appendix B).
If a portable generator is used to power the purge pump, it shall be attempted to be
located downwind of the well being sampling to avoid cross-contamination of the sample
with exhaust from the generator motor.

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3.0 PROCEDURES

The following sections describe the general operating procedures and methods
associated with groundwater sampling. Any variation in these procedures must be
approved by the Project Manager (PM) and Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC)
Lead and must be fully documented. Field work cannot progress until deviations are
approved or resolved.
3.1 Pre-Job Preparation
The information listed below may be reviewed prior to sampling activities, if available,
and can be beneficial on-site for reference in the field as necessary:
• A list of the monitoring wells to be sampled;
• Information describing well location, using site-specific or topographic maps or
Global Positioning System (GPS) coordinates and descriptions tied directly to
prominent field markers;
• A list of the analytical requirements for each sampling location;
• Boring logs and well construction details, if available;
• Survey data that identify the documented point of reference (V-notch or other
mark on well casing) for the collection of depth-to-groundwater and total well
depth measurements;
• Previous depth-to-groundwater measurements;
• Previous pump placement depths (dedicated pumps as well as portable pumps)
for each sampling location, if available;
• Previous pump settings and pumping and drawdown rates, if available; and
• Previous analytical results for each monitoring well, if known.
The information above is useful when determining the sampling order, pump intake
depth, and purge and recharge rates, and can facilitate troubleshooting.
The following activities should be completed prior to mobilizing to the site:
• Obtain equipment necessary for completing the sampling activities (see the
example checklist in Table 1).
• Ensure appropriate laboratory-provided bottles are available for both the required
analyses and for QC samples and that there has been thorough coordination with
the analytical laboratory.

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• Obtain site-specific maps or GPS coordinates showing clearly marked
monitoring well locations or groundwater sample points.
• Review the project work control documents such as the Ready-To-Work Plan,
and appropriate SOPs in an effort to determine project-specific sampling
requirements, procedures, and goals.
• Verify that legal right-of-entry has been obtained and site access has been
granted, where required.
• Instruct the field team to avoid discussing project data with the public and to refer
questions to the Project Manager.
3.2 Water-Level Measurements

Prior to pump placement, an initial depth-to-water level and total well depth should be
measured. For monitoring wells screened across the water table, this measurement
shall be used to determine the required depth to the pump intake (typically, approximately
the mid-point of the saturated screen length for low-flow purging and sampling). The
procedure for measuring water levels may include the following:
1) Inspect the well head area for evidence of damage or disturbance. Record
notable observations in the field logbook.
2) Carefully open the protective outer cover of the monitoring well noting the
presence of bee hives and/or spiders, as these animals are frequently found
inside well covers. Remove any debris that has accumulated around the riser
near the well plug. If water is present above the top of the riser and well plug,
remove the water prior to opening the well plug. Do not open the well until the
water above the well head has been removed.
3) If practical, well plugs shall be left open for approximately five minutes to allow
the static water level to equilibrate before measuring the water level (if well plugs
are vented, then a waiting period is not applicable).
4) Using an electronic water-level indicator accurate to 0.01 feet, determine the
distance between the established point of reference (usually a V-notch or
indelible mark on the well riser) and the surface of the standing water present in
the well. Record these data in the field logbook. Repeat this measurement until
two successive readings agree to within 0.01 feet.
5) Using an electronic water-level indicator accurate to 0.01 feet, determine the
distance between the established point of reference (usually a V-notch or
indelible mark on the well riser) and the bottom of the well. Note that there
should not be considerable slack in the water-level indicator cable. Record
these data in the field logbook. Repeat this measurement until two successive
readings agree to within 0.01 feet.
6) If the monitoring well has the potential to contain non-aqueous phase liquids
(NAPLs), probe the well for these materials using an optical interface probe.
These wells will be attempted to be identified by the Project Manager prior to
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mobilizing to the well. If NAPL is present, consult the Project Manager for
direction on collecting samples for analysis. In general, do not collect
groundwater samples from monitoring wells containing NAPL.
7) Decontaminate the water-level indicator (and interface probe, if applicable)
and return the indicator to its clean protective casing.
3.3 Well Purging

Wells must be purged prior to sampling to ensure that representative groundwater is
obtained from the water-bearing unit. If the well has been previously sampled in
accordance with this sampling plan, then the depth to the pump intake and the pumping
rates should be duplicated to the extent possible during subsequent sampling events.

Section 3.3.1 provides a description of low-flow well purging, and Section 3.3.2 provides
a description of volume-averaging well purging (in the case it’s needed).

3.3.1 Low-Flow Well Purging

Adjustable-rate peristaltic, bladder and electric submersible pumps are preferred for use
during low-flow purging and sampling activities. Since purging and sampling are joined
together as one continuous operation, care will be given to pump selection as it applies
to the specific well conditions and analytes to be tested. Note that a ball valve (or similar
valve constructed of polyethylene) may need to be installed to reduce the flow rate to the
required level. The low-flow purging and sampling guidance is provided below:
1) Using the specific details of well construction and current water-level
measurement, determine the pump intake set depth (typically the approximate
mid-point of the saturated well screen or other target sample collection depth
adjacent to specific high-yield zones).
2) Attach tubing and supporting rope (if applicable) to the pump and very slowly
lower the unit until the pump intake depth is reached. Measure the length of
supporting rope required, taking into account the pump length, to attain the
required depth. Record the depth to the pump intake in the field logbook.
Notes: 1) Sampling shall use new certified-clean disposable tubing. 2)
Rope shall be clean, unused, dedicated nylon rope. If a pump is to remain
in a well as part of a separate monitoring program, then the rope shall be
suspended within the well above the water column for future use. If the
pump is removed after sample collection, the rope shall be disposed.
3) After allowing time for the water level to equilibrate, slowly lower the electronic
water-level probe into the well until the probe contacts the groundwater. Record
the water level in the field logbook.

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4) If the well has been previously sampled using low-flow purging and sampling
methods, begin purging at the rate known to induce minimal drawdown.
Frequently check the drawdown rate to verify that minimum drawdown is being
maintained. If results from the previous sampling event are not known, begin
purging the well at the minimum pumping rate of approximately 100 milliliters per
minute (mL/min) (EPA, July 1996). Slowly increase the pumping rate to a level
that does not cause the well to drawdown more than about 0.3 feet, if possible.
Never increase the pumping rate to a level in excess of 500 mL/min
(approximately 0.13 gallon per minute [gpm]). Record the stabilized flow rate,
drawdown, and time on the field data sheets.
5) If the drawdown does not stabilize at 100 mL/min (0.026 gpm), continue pumping.
However, in general, do not draw down the water level more than approximately
25% of the distance between the static water level and pump intake depth
(American Society for Testing and Materials [ASTM], 2011). If the recharge rate
of the well is lower than the minimum pumping rate but the drawdown is less
than 25% of the distance between the static water level and pump intake depth
after three volumes of well water are removed, then collect samples at this point
even though indicator field parameters have not stabilized (EPA, July 1996).
Commence sampling as soon as the water level has recovered sufficiently to
collect the required sample volumes. Otherwise, the Volume-Averaging Well
Purging method should be considered.Allow the pump to remain undisturbed in
the well during this recovery period to minimize the turbidity of the water samples.
Fully document the pump settings, pumping rate, drawdown, and field parameter
readings on the Well Sampling / MicroPurge (Low Flow) Log in the field logbook.
Note: For wells that either have very slow recharge rates, that draw down
excessively (more than 25% of the distance between the static water level and
pump intake depth) at the minimum pumping rate (100 mL/min or 0.026 gpm), or
require a higher pumping rate (greater than 500 mL/min or 0.13 gpm) to maintain
purging, the procedures described above may not apply. For these “special case”
wells, the Field Team Leader shall seek guidance from the Project Manager about
the appropriate purging and sampling methodologies to be employed (such as
volume-averaged purging and sampling described in Section 3.3.2).
6) Once an acceptable flow rate has been established, begin monitoring designated
indicator field parameters. Indicator parameters are pH, specific conductance,
dissolved oxygen (DO), and turbidity. Although not considered purge stabilization
parameters, temperature and oxidation reduction potential (ORP) will be
recorded during purging. Base the frequency of the measurements on the time
required to completely evacuate one volume of the flow through the cell to ensure
that independent measurements are made. For example, a 500-mL cell in a
system pumped at a rate of 100 mL/min is evacuated in five minutes; accordingly,
measurements are made and recorded on the field data form (Appendix C)
approximately five minutes apart.
Indicator parameters have stabilized when three consecutive readings, taken
at three to five-minute intervals, meet the following criteria (EPA, March
2013):
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• pH ± 0.1 standard unit
• Specific Conductance ± 5% in µS/cm
• DO ± 0.2 mg/L or 10% saturation
• Turbidity less than 10 NTUs

The target for monitoring turbidity is readings less than ten nephelometric
turbidity units (NTUs). In some instances, turbidity levels may exceed the
desired turbidity level due to natural aquifer conditions (EPA, April 1996).
When these conditions are encountered, the following guidelines shall be
considered.

• If turbidity readings are slightly above 10 NTU, but trending downward,
purging and monitoring shall continue.
• If turbidity readings are greater than 10 NTU and have stabilized to within
10% during three successive readings, attempt to contact the Project
Manager prior to collecting the groundwater sample.
• If turbidity readings are greater than 10 NTU and are not stable, well sampling
shall be based upon stabilization of more critical indicator parameters (such as
dissolved oxygen) without attainment of the targeted turbidity. Attempt to
contact the Project Manger if this condition is encountered prior to collecting
the groundwater sample.
• If after 5 well volumes or two hours of purging (whichever is achieved first),
critical indicator field parameters have not stabilized, discontinue purging and
collect samples. Fully document efforts used to stabilize the parameters
(such as modified pumping rates).

Note: While every effort should be taken to ensure that indicator parameters
stabilize, some indicator parameters are more critical with respect to certain
contaminant types. It is important to identify which indicator parameters are most
important to the project prior to commencement of field activities so that
unnecessarily protracted purge times can be avoided. For example, the critical
indicator parameter associated with metals is turbidity. While it is desirable to
sample wells when turbidity measurements are less than 5 NTU, Duke Energy
recognizes that these values may not be attainable. Duke Energy, and its sub-
consultants, have taken multiple steps (e.g., use of pre-packed screens, carefully
selected sand pack, etc.) to alleviate the potential for elevated turbidity in newly
installed wells. However, even with these conservative and targeted well
installation specifications, other naturally occurring conditions (e.g., iron
fluctuation) may prevent sampling of wells at turbidity values less than 5 NTU.
Following sample collection and laboratory data evaluation, Duke Energy may
review these data with respect to turbidity values to determine if additional well
development is needed or if well construction has affected groundwater
conditions. It may be necessary to redevelop wells from time to time to minimize
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sample turbidity. Fine silt and clay can collect at the base of a well over time.
The effect on future sampling events can be reduced by lowering the tubing or
pump to the bottom of the well (after all the groundwater samples have been
collected) and pumping until the purge water from the bottom of the well screen
is clear.
Note: If purging of a well does not result in turbidity measurements of 10 NTU or
less, the field sampler shall alert the Project Manager. The sampling team will
assess options to reduce the turbidity as soon as possible.
There are a variety of water-quality meters available that measure the water
quality parameters identified above. A multi-parameter meter capable of
measuring each of the water quality parameters referenced previously (except for
turbidity) in one flow-through cell is required. Turbidity shall be measured using
a separate turbidity meter or prior to flow into the flow through cell using an
inline T-valve, if using one multi-meter during purging. The water quality meter
(and turbidity meter) shall be calibrated as per manufacturer’s instructions.
Calibration procedures shall be documented in the project field logbook including
calibration solutions used, expiration date(s), lot numbers, and calibration results.

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3.3.2 Volume-Averaging Well Purging

For wells that either have very slow recharge rates, that draw down excessively at the
minimum pumping rate (100 mL/min or 0.026 gpm), or require a higher pumping rate
(greater than 500 mL/min or 0.13 gpm) to maintain purging (i.e., low-flow well purging
and sampling is not appropriate), the volume-averaging well purging and sampling
method may be used. The Field Team Leader shall seek approval from the Project
Manager before utilizing the volume-averaging method instead of the low-flow method.
3.3.2.1 CALCULATE PURGE VOLUMES

Based on the depth-to-water (DTW) and total depth (TD) measurements, the volume
of standing water in the well must be calculated using the following procedures.

1) Subtract DTW from TD to calculate the length of the standing water column (Lwc)
in the well.
ܶܦ െ ܦܹܶ ൌ ܮ௪௖

2) Multiply the length of the standing water column by the volume calculation
(gallon per linear foot of depth) based on the inner casing diameter (see
example list below) to determine the total standing water volume; this represents
one well volume.
ܸ௪ = ܮ௪௖ ൈ2ߨݎଶ

1-inch well = 0.041 gallon per linear foot
2-inch well = 0.163 gallon per linear foot
4-inch well = 0.653 gallon per linear foot
6-inch well = 1.469 gallons per linear foot
8-inch well = 2.611 gallons per linear foot

3) Multiply the well volume calculated in the previous step by three and five to obtain
the approximate respective total purge volume (the target purge volume is
between three and five standing well volumes). For wells with multiple casing
diameters (such as open bedrock holes), calculate the volume for each segment.
Take the sum of the values and multiply by three and five to determine the
minimum and maximum purge volumes, respectively.
4) Fully document the volume calculation in the field logbook or on the Groundwater
Sampling Field Sheets.

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3.3.2.2 PURGE THE MONITORING WELL

Determine the appropriate pump to be used for purging—the preferred and most
commonly used methods involve the use of a surface centrifugal or peristaltic pump
whenever the head difference between the sampling location and the water level is less
than the limit of suction and the volume to be removed is reasonably small. Where the
water level is below the limit of suction or there is a large volume of water to be purged,
use the variable speed electric submersible pump as the pump of choice (EPA, 2013).
In some cases (shallow wells with small purge volumes), purging with a bladder pump
may be appropriate. Once the proper pump has been selected:
1) Set the pump immediately above the top of the well screen or approximately three
to five feet below the top of the water table (EPA, 2013).
2) Lower the pump if the water level drops during purging.
Note: Use new certified-clean disposable tubing for purging and sampling.

Note: Although volume-averaged sampling involves purging a specified volume of
water (such as three to five well volumes) rather than basing purge completion on
the stabilization of water quality indicator parameters, measuring and recording
water-quality indicator parameters during purging provides information that can be
used for assessment and remedial decision-making purposes. Indicator
parameters are pH, specific conductance, DO, and turbidity as described in
Section 3.3.1. Temperature and ORP will also be recorded during purging.

3) During well purging, monitor the discharge rate using a graduated cylinder or
other measuring device, water-quality indicator parameters (if desired), and DTW
as follows:

• Initially, within approximately three minutes of startup,
• Approximately after each well volume is purged, and then
• Before purge completion.

4) Record pump discharge rates (mL/ min or gpm) and pump settings in the field
logbook. Also, record any changes in the pump settings and the time at which
the changes were made.

5) Maintain low pumping rates to avoid overpumping or pumping the well to dryness,
if possible. If necessary, adjust pumping rates, pump set depth, or extend
pumping times to remove the desired volume of water.
6) Upon reaching the desired purge water volume, turn off the purge pump. Do not
allow the water contained in the pump tubing to drain back into the well when the
pump is turned off. Use an inline check valve or similar device, or if using a
peristaltic pump, remove the tubing from the well prior to turning off the pump. It is
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preferred to collect samples within two hours of purging, but acceptable for
collection up to 24 hours of purging. Do not collect samples after 24 hours of
purging.
Note: The removal of three to five well volumes may not be practical in wells
with slow recovery rates. If a well is pumped to near dryness at a rate less than
1.9 L/min (0.5 gpm), the well shall be allowed to completely recover prior to
sampling. If necessary, the two-hour limit may be exceeded to allow for sufficient
recovery, but samples should be collected within 24 hours of purge completion.

3.4 Sampling

3.4.1 Low-Flow Sampling

Following are the procedures for the collection of low-flow groundwater samples.
These procedures apply to sample collection for unfiltered and filtered samples
using a 0.45 micron filter. See Appendix A for use of 0.1 micron filtered samples.

1) Record the final pump settings in the field logbook prior to sample collection.
2) Measure and record the indicator parameter readings prior to sample collection
on both the stabilization form and in the field logbook.
3) Record comments pertinent to the appearance (color, floc, turbid) and obvious
odors (such as sulfur odor or petroleum hydrocarbons odor) associated with the
water.
4) Arrange and label necessary sample bottles and ensure that preservatives are
added, as required. Include a unique sample number, time and date of sampling,
the initials of the sampler, and the requested analysis on the label. Additionally,
provide information pertinent to the preservation materials or chemicals used in
the sample.
5) Collect samples directly from pump tubing prior to the flow-through cell or via the
in-line T-valve used for turbidity measurements (as described Section 3.3.1 (6)
above). Ensure that the sampling tubing remains filled during sampling and
attempt to prevent water from descending back into the well. Minimize turbulence
when filling sample containers, by allowing the liquid to run gently down the inside
of the bottle. Fill the labeled sample bottles in the following order:
• Metals and Radionuclides,
• Filtered Metals and Radionuclides, if required, and then
• Other water-quality parameters.

6) Seal each sample and place the sample on ice in a cooler to maintain sample
temperature preservation requirements.
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7) Note the sample identification and sample collection time in field logbook and on
Chain-of-Custody form.
8) Once sampling is complete, retrieve the sample pump and associated sampling
equipment and decontaminate in accordance with procedures outlined in the
Decontamination of Equipment SOP (Appendix A).
9) Close and secure the well. Clean up and remove debris left from the sampling
event. Be sure that investigation-derived wastes are properly containerized and
labeled, if applicable.
10) Review sampling records for completeness. Add additional notes as necessary.

3.4.2 Sampling after Volume-Averaging Purge

The procedures described below are for the collection of groundwater samples after a
volume-averaged purge has been conducted. Volume- averaging purge methods are
described in Section 3.3.2.
1) If sampling with a pump, care shall be taken to minimize purge water
descending back into the well through the pump tubing. Minimize turbulence
when filling sample containers by allowing the liquid to run gently down the
inside of the bottle. Fill the labeled sample bottles in the following order:
• Metals and Radionuclides,
• Filtered Metals and Radionuclides, if required, and then
• Other water-quality parameters.
2) If sampling with a bailer, slowly lower a clean, disposable bailer through the
fluid surface. Retrieve the bailer and fill the sample bottles as described
above. Care shall be taken to minimize disturbing the sample during
collection.
3.5 Sample Handling, Packing, and Shipping

Samples shall be marked, labeled, packaged, and shipped in accordance with the sections
outline below.
3.5.1 Handling
The samples will be stored in coolers for transport to the site. Collected samples will be
placed on ice in the sampling coolers for pickup or transport to the laboratory for
analysis.
3.5.2 Sample Labels
All sample containers will be new, laboratory cleaned and certified bottles. The bottles
will be properly labeled for identification and will include the following information:
• Project Site/ID
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• Sample identifier (Well ID)
• Name or initials of sampler(s)
• Date and time of collection
• Analysis parameter(s)/method
• Preservative
3.5.3 Chain-of-Custody Record
Sample transport and handling will be strictly controlled to prevent sample
contamination. Chain-of-Custody control for all samples will consist of the following:
• Sample containers will be securely placed in coolers (iced) and will remain
under the supervision of project personnel until transfer of the samples to the
laboratory for analysis has occurred.
• Upon delivery to the laboratory, the laboratory director or his designee will sign
the Chain-of-Custody control forms and formally receive the samples. The
laboratory will ensure that proper refrigeration of the samples is maintained.
The Chain-of-Custody document contains information which may include:
• Client name
• Client project name
• Client contact
• Client address
• Client phone/fax number
• Sampler(s) name and signature
• Signature of person involved in the chain of possession
• Inclusive dates of possession
• Sample identification
• Sample number
• Date & time of collection
• Matrix
• Type of container and preservative
• Number of containers
• Sample type - grab or composite
• Analysis parameter(s)/ method
• Internal temperature of shipping container upon opening in the laboratory
3.6 Field Quality Control Samples
Field quality control involves the routine collection and analysis of QC blanks to verify that
the sample collection and handling processes have not impaired the quality of the
samples.
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• Equipment Blank – The equipment blank is a sample of deionized water, which
is taken to the field and used as rinse water for sampling equipment. The
equipment blank is prepared like the actual samples and returned to the
laboratory for identical analysis. An equipment blank is used to determine if
certain field sampling or cleaning procedures result in cross-contamination of site
samples or if atmospheric contamination has occurred. One equipment blank
sample will be prepared per day or per 20 groundwater samples, whichever is
more frequent.
Field and laboratory QA/QC also involves the routine collection and analysis of
duplicate field samples. These samples are collected at a minimum rate of
approximately one per 20 groundwater samples per sample event. A field duplicate is a
replicate sample prepared at the sampling locations from equal portions of all sample
aliquots combined to make the sample. Both the field duplicate and the sample are
collected at the same time, in the same container type, preserved in the same way, and
analyzed by the same laboratory as a measure of sampling and analytical precision.
3.7 Field Logbook Documentation

Field logbooks shall be maintained by the Field Team Leader to record daily activities.
The field logbook may include the following information for each well:
• Well identification number
• Well depth
• Static water level depth
• Presence of immiscible layers (yes – no)
• Estimated well yield, if known
• Purge volume and purge pumping rate
• Time well purge began and ended
• Well evacuation procedure and equipment
• Field analysis data
• Climatic conditions including air temperature
• Field observations on sampling event
• Well location
• Name of collector(s)
• Date and time of sample collection
• Sampling procedure
• Sampling equipment
• Types of sample containers used and sample identification numbers
• Preservative used

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The Field Team Leader shall review the field logbook entries for completeness and
accuracy. The Field Team Leader is responsible for completion of the required data
collection forms. Example field logs are in Appendix C.
3.8 Decontamination and Waste Management

Sampling equipment decontamination shall be performed in a manner consistent with
the Decontamination of Equipment SOP (Appendix A). Decontamination procedures
shall be documented in the field logbook. Investigation-derived wastes produced
during sampling or decontamination shall be managed in accordance with State and
Station-specific rules for disposal of wastes.
4.0 REFERENCES

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). Standard Practice for Low-Flow
Purging and Sampling for Wells and Devices Used for Ground-Water Quality
Investigations, D 6771-02. 2011.
Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste - Physical/Chemical Methods (SW-846), Third
Edition. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Update I, II, IIA, IIB, III, IIIA, IVA and
IVB.
United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Office of Research and
Development, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Ground Water Issue,
“Low-Flow (Minimal Drawdown Sampling Procedures). Document Number EPA/540/S-
95/504,” April 1996.
U.S. EPA. Region 4, Groundwater Sampling Operating Procedure. Document Number
SESDPROC-301-R3, November 2013.
U.S. EPA. Region I, Low Stress (Low Flow) Purging and Sampling Procedure for the
Collection of Ground Water Samples from Monitoring Wells, Revision 2, July 1996.
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Decontamination of Equipment SOP

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A
Decontamination of
Equipment SOP

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Purpose & Application

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1.0 Purpose & Application
This procedure describes techniques meant to produce acceptable decontamination of
equipment used in field investigation and sampling activities. Variations from this SOP
should be approved by the Project Manager prior to implementation and a description of
the variance documented in the field logbook.
2.0 Equipment & Materials
• Decontamination water,
• Alconox detergent or equivalent non-phosphate detergent
• Test tube brush or equivalent
• 5-gallon bucket(s)
• Aluminum foil
• Pump
3.0 Procedure
3.1 Decontamination of Non-Disposable Sampling Equipment
Decontamination of non-disposable sampling equipment used to collect samples for
chemical analyses will be conducted prior to each sampling as described below. Larger
items may be decontaminated at the decontamination pad. Smaller items may be
decontaminated over 5-gallon buckets. Wastewater will be disposed in accordance with
applicable State and Station-specific requirements.
1. Alconox detergent or equivalent and water will be used to scrub the equipment.
2. Equipment will be first rinsed with water and then rinsed with distilled/deionized
water.
3. Equipment will be air dried on plastic sheeting.
4. After drying, exposed ends of equipment will be wrapped or covered with
aluminum foil for transport and handling.
3.2 Decontamination of Field Instrumentation
Field instrumentation (such as interface probes, water quality meters, etc.) will be
decontaminated between sample locations by rinsing with deionized or distilled water. If
visible contamination still exists on the equipment after the rinse, an Alconox (or
equivalent) detergent scrub will be added and the probe thoroughly rinsed again.
Decontamination of probes and meters will take place in a 5-gallon bucket. The
decontamination water will be handled and disposed in accordance with applicable
State and Station-specific requirements.
Duke Energy | Low Flow Groundwater Sampling Plar
3.0 Procedure

17

3.3 Decontamination of Groundwater Sampling Equipment
Non-disposable groundwater sampling equipment, including the pump, support cable
and electrical wires in contact with the sample will be thoroughly decontaminated as
described below:
1. As a pre-rinse, the pump will be operated in a deep basin containing 8 to 10
gallons of water. Other equipment will be flushed with water.
2. The pump will be washed by operating it in a deep basin containing phosphate-
free detergent solution, such as Alconox, and other equipment will be flushed
with a fresh detergent solution. Detergent will be used sparingly, as needed.
3. Afterwards, the pump will be rinsed by operating it in a deep basin of water and
other equipment will be flushed with water.
4. The pump will then be disassembled and washed in a deep basin containing
non-phosphate detergent solution. All pump parts will be scrubbed with a test
tube brush or equivalent.
5. Pump parts will be first rinsed with water and then rinsed with distilled/deionized
water.
6. For a bladder pump, the disposable bladder will be replaced with a new one for
each well and the pump reassembled.
7. The decontamination water will be disposed of properly.
3.4 Materials from Decontamination Activities
All wastewater and PPE generated from decontamination activities will be handled and
disposed in accordance with applicable State and Station-specific requirements.

Duke Energy | Low Flow Groundwater Sampling Plar
Sampling Equipment Check List – Table 1

18

B
Sampling Equipment
Check List – Table 1

Duke Energy | Low Flow Groundwater Sampling Plar
Sampling Equipment Check List – Table 1

19
Table 1: Suggested Groundwater Sampling Equipment & Material Checklist
Item Description Check
Health & Safety
Nitrile gloves
Hard hat
Steel-toed boots
Hearing protection
Field first-aid kit
Fire Extinguisher
Eyewash
Safety glasses
Respirator and cartridges (if necessary)
Saranex™/Tyvek® suits and booties (if necessary)
Paperwork
Health and Safety Plan
Project work control documents
Well construction data, location map, field data from previous sampling events
Chain-of-custody forms and custody seals
Field logbook
Measuring Equipment
Flow measurement supplies (for example, graduated cylinder and stop watch)
Electronic water-level indicator capable of detecting non-aqueous phase liquid
Sampling Equipment
GPS device
Monitoring well keys
Tools for well access (for example, socket set, wrench, screw driver, T-wrench)
Laboratory-supplied certified-clean bottles, preserved by laboratory (if necessary)
Appropriate trip blanks and high-quality blank water
Sample filtration device and filters
Submersible pump, peristaltic pump, or other appropriate pump
Appropriate sample and air line tubing (Silastic®, Teflon®, Tygon®, or equivalent)
Stainless steel clamps to attach sample lines to pump
Pump controller and power supply
Oil-less air compressor, air line leads, and end fittings (if using bladder pump)
In-line groundwater parameter monitoring device (for example, YSI-556 Multi-
Parameter or Horiba U-52 water quality meter)

Turbidity meter
Bailer
Calibration standards for monitoring devices

Duke Energy | Low Flow Groundwater Sampling Plar
Field Logbook/Data Sheets

20

C
Field Logbook/Data
Sheets

Duke Energy | Low Flow Groundwater Sampling Plar
Field Logbook/Data Sheets

21
Groundwater Potentiometric Level Measurement Log

Well Number Time
Depth to
Water
(ft)*
Depth to
Bottom
(ft)*
Water
Column
Thickness
(ft)
Reference
Point
Elevation
(ft, MSL)
Potentiometric
Elevation (ft,
MSL)
Remarks

Field Personnel: Checked By:
* - Measurements are referenced from the top of the PVC inner casing (TOC) for each respective monitoring well. TOCs
shall be surveyed by a Professional Land Surveyor and referenced to NAVD88.

Duke Energy | Low Flow Groundwater Sampling Plar
Field Logbook/Data Sheets

22

Well Sampling / MicroPurge Log
Project Name: Sheet: of
Well Number: Date:
Well Diameter:
Top of Casing Elevation (ft, MSL): Pump Intake Depth (ft):
Total Well Depth (ft): Recharge Rate (sec):
Initial Depth to Water (ft): Discharge Rate (sec):
Water Column Thickness (ft): Controller Settings:
Water Column Elevation (ft, MSL): Purging Time Initiated:
1 Well Volume (gal): Purging Time Completed:
3 Well Volumes (gal): Total Gallons Purged:
WELL PURGING RECORD
Time Volume
Purged
(gallons)
Flow Rate
(mL/min)
Depth to
Water (ft)
Temperature
(°C)
pH
(s.u.)
Specific
Conductance
(mS/cm)
Dissolved
Oxygen
(mg/L)
ORP
(mV)
Turbidity
(NTU) Comments

Stabilization
Criteria
Min. 1 Well
Volume + 3°C + 0.1 + 3% + 10% + 10
mV
< 5 NTU or + 10
% if > 5 NTU

GROUNDWATER SAMPLING RECORD
Sample
Number
Collection
Time Parameter Container Preservative

Duke Energy | Low Flow Groundwater Sampling Plar
Field Logbook/Data Sheets

23

DAILY FIELD REPORT

Project Name:
Field Manager: Field Personnel: Date:
Weather:
Labor Hours Equipment Materials

Field Observations:

Submitted by: Reviewedby: