4302_DunnErwinCDLF_RevisedLFGMonitoringPlan_DIN26603_20160809

Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan

Harnett County Dunn-Erwin Landfill Facility
Harnett County, North Carolina

Prepared For:
Harnett County Solid Waste Department
Lillington, North Carolina

S+G Project No. HARNETT-DE

Joan A. Smyth, P.G.
Senior Hydrogeologist

Pieter K. Scheer, P.E.
Vice President, Senior Engineer

July 2016

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8/8/2016

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Harnett County Dunn-Erwin Landfill Facility Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan
July 2016 Table of Contents Page i
Harnett County Dunn-Erwin Landfill Facility
Harnett County, North Carolina

Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan

Table of Contents
Page

1.0 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................... 1 
1.1 Regulatory Requirements – C&D Landfills .............................................................. 1 
1.2 Guidance Document .................................................................................................. 2 
1.3 Contact Information .................................................................................................. 2 
1.3.1 Owner ............................................................................................................ 2 
1.3.2 Engineer ........................................................................................................ 2 
1.3.3 North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality ................................ 3 
1.4 Existing Site Conditions ............................................................................................. 3 
1.4.1 Site Geology ................................................................................................... 3 
1.4.2 Local Groundwater Regime .......................................................................... 3 
2.0 MONITORING PROGRAM ........................................................................................... 4 
2.1 Monitoring Wells ....................................................................................................... 4 
2.2 Monitoring of Facility Structures .............................................................................. 4 
2.3 Monitoring and Reporting ......................................................................................... 4 
2.3.1 Frequency ...................................................................................................... 4 
2.3.2 Personnel ...................................................................................................... 4 
2.3.3 Equipment ..................................................................................................... 4 
2.3.4 Procedures .................................................................................................... 5 
2.3.5 Precautionary Action Plan ............................................................................ 6 
2.3.6 Record Keeping ............................................................................................. 6 
2.4 Maintenance .............................................................................................................. 7 
3.0 CONTINGENCY PLAN ................................................................................................ 8 
3.1 Immediate Action Plan .............................................................................................. 8 
3.1.1 Reporting and Documentation ...................................................................... 8 
3.2 Remediation Plan ...................................................................................................... 8 

FIGURES
Figure 1 Site Vicinity Map
Figure 2 Landfill Gas Monitoring Locations
Figure 3 Flowchart of Methane Monitoring Requirements

APPENDIX
Appendix A Reporting Forms

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Harnett County Dunn-Erwin Landfill Facility Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan
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1.0 INTRODUCTION
This Landfill Gas (LFG) Monitoring Plan (plan) was prepared by Smith Gardner, Inc. to describe
the LFG monitoring program at the Dunn-Erwin Landfill Facility (NC Solid Waste Permit 43-02),
which is located at 449 Daniels Road in Dunn, North Carolina. The facility contains a closed
unlined municipal solid waste (MSW) and construction & demolition (C&D) landfill units, an
operating C&D landfill located on top of a closed unlined MSW landfill, and an operating MSW
transfer station (NC Solid Waste Permit 43-07T). This plan describes the necessary procedures
to satisfy applicable regulatory requirements (see Section 1.1) for landfill gas monitoring.

The Engineer has utilized the best available site data, practices, experience, and judgment to
develop this plan. However, the plan may require modifications over time to accommodate
changing landfill conditions, changing receptors in areas adjacent to and around the landfill, or
other conditions that cannot be fully anticipated.

Uncontrolled migration of LFG (particularly methane (CH4)) can result in, loss of life, injury, loss
of property, vegetative damage, and intolerable odors. Landfill monitoring includes exposure to
explosive gases. Monitoring personnel should be specifically trained in the management and
response for situations such as fire or explosion and confined space entry and possess an
awareness of changing conditions around the landfill.

Note that this plan does not address landfill gas collection and control, air quality, or other
related landfill gas regulations or requirements which may be applicable to this site at present
or in the future.
1.1 Regulatory Requirements – C&D Landfills
Rule 15A NCAC 13B .0544(d) of the North Carolina Solid Waste Management Rules
requires the following for facilities having a C&D landfill:

 Owners or operators of C&D landfill units must ensure that:
o the concentration of methane gas or other explosive gases generated by
the facility does not exceed 25% of the lower explosive limit (LEL) for
methane (1.25% methane) in on-site facility structures (excluding gas
control or recovery system components);
o the concentration of methane gas or other explosive gases does not
exceed the LEL for methane (5% methane) at the facility property
boundary; and
o the facility does not release methane gas or other explosive gases in any
concentration that can be detected in off-site structures.

 Owners or operators of C&D landfill units must implement a routine methane
monitoring program and perform monitoring on at least a quarterly basis.

 If regulatory limits for methane gas concentrations are exceeded, a contingency
plan must be implemented for the protection of human health and safety.
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1.2 Guidance Document
This plan was developed generally following the Landfill Gas Monitoring Guidance
document prepared by the former North Carolina Department of Environment and
Natural Resources (NC DENR), now the Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ),
Division of Waste Management (DWM)1.
1.3 Contact Information
Correspondence and questions concerning this plan should be directed to the
appropriate contact below:
1.3.1 Owner
Harnett County - Solid Waste Department
102 E. Front Street
P.O. Box 2773
Lillington, North Carolina 27546
Phone: [phone]

Dunn Erwin Landfill Facility
449 Daniels Road
Dunn, NC 28390
Phone: [phone]

Contacts: Amanda Bader, P.E., County Engineer
[e-mail]
Randy Smith, Solid Waste Operations Manager
[e-mail]
1.3.2 Engineer
Smith Gardner, Inc.
14 N. Boylan Avenue
Raleigh, North Carolina 27603
Phone: [phone]

Contacts: Joan A. Smyth, P.G., Senior Hydrogeologist
[e-mail]
Pieter K. Scheer, P.E., Project Manager
[e-mail]

1 NC DENR DWM (2010), “Landfill Gas Monitoring Guidance”, NC DENR DWM Solid Waste Section,
November 2010.
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Harnett County Dunn-Erwin Landfill Facility Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan
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1.3.3 North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality
Division of Waste Management (DWM) - Solid Waste Section:
North Carolina DEQ – Raleigh Central Office (RCO)
217 W Jones Street
Raleigh, North Carolina 27603
Phone: [phone]
Contact: Ms. Elizabeth Werner
[e-mail]
1.4 Existing Site Conditions
The facility is located approximately eight miles north of downtown Dunn on Daniels
Road. The properties immediately adjacent to the site are undeveloped or agricultural
fields. Further from the property, rural residential properties exist along Turlington
Road.

The facility is located on approximately 325 acres owned by Harnett County. The
permitted facility is bounded to the west by Stewart Creek, to the east by an unnamed
creek, and south of the Active C&D over MSW by an unnamed tributary of Stewart Creek,
which crosses through the central portion of the facility. Small ponds are located across
the property as well as to the east, south and southeast. These existing water features
create a natural barrier to LFG migration.

Ground surface elevations range from approximately El. 180 (feet above mean sea level)
along unnamed tributary around the site to El. 250 at the top of the closed MSW landfill
unit. The facility location is shown on Figure 1.
1.4.1 Site Geology
According to the 1985 North Carolina Geological Map the landfill is situated in the
Coastal Plain Physiographic Province. The Dunn-Erwin area in Harnett County is
underlain by the cretaceous age Middendorf formation that is primarily light gray
sand, sandstone and mudstone which acts as a confining unit. The Middendorf
formation was deposited in a deltaic system and varies from 15m to over 100m
thick.
1.4.2 Local Groundwater Regime
Groundwater depths generally range from 5 ft to 25 ft below ground surface (bgs)
across the facility. Groundwater generally flows southwest toward the stream in
the central portion of the site. There are minor seasonal variations in the flow
pattern, but overall flow direction is consistent.

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2.0 MONITORING PROGRAM
The plan contained herein includes landfill gas monitoring to monitor subsurface landfill gas
migration in well and on-site structures. LFG monitoring locations are shown on Figure 2.
2.1 Monitoring Wells
The close location of streams to the east, south and west of the active C&D over closed
MSW landfill limit the possibility of landfill gas migration in these directions. Therefore,
landfill gas is only monitored along the northern side of the facility. The landfill gas
monitoring network includes three existing wells (GM-2, GM-6A and GM-7).
2.2 Monitoring of Facility Structures
The following facility structures will be monitored:

 Scalehouse; and
 Maintenance building.

If desired by the County, a dedicated methane monitor may be installed within one or
more of these structures.
2.3 Monitoring and Reporting
LFG concentration monitoring and reporting will be performed as outlined below.
2.3.1 Frequency
Routine LFG monitoring will be conducted on a quarterly basis.
2.3.2 Personnel
LFG monitoring will be performed by personnel who are familiar with the paln
requirements and who are trained in LFG hazards and explosive gas meter use.
As practical, a designated technician will be assigned to regular LFG monitoring
duty.
2.3.3 Equipment
An infrared portable gas analyzer will be used to collect measurements from the
landfill gas monitoring network. This analyzer, which is calibrated to methane
(CH4), operates using the infrared spectral property of methane to measure
concentrations in air. Measurements of oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) will
also be made with this meter. This meter may be used in oxygen deficient areas
(less than 10% O2) since oxygen is not required for a chemical combustion of
flammable gases within the meter.
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On the day of monitoring, prior to monitoring activities, this meter will be field
calibrated. Additionally, all monitoring equipment should be regularly calibrated
in accordance with manufacturer’s specifications and operated only as
instructed.
2.3.4 Procedures
Prior to each monitoring event, the portable gas analyzer will be calibrated with a
known calibration standard in accordance with manufacturer’s
recommendations. General information related to the monitoring event,
equipment used, calibration procedures, weather conditions, and results for
each monitoring event will be recorded on the landfill gas monitoring data form
(see Appendix A).

The following steps outline the procedure for the monitoring of LFG wells and
facility structures:

 Check calibration date on the meter and calibrate according to
manufacturers instructions; allowing equipment to warm up properly
prior to use, per manufacturers direction.
 Purge sample tube for one minute before monitoring.

LFG Monitoring Wells:
o Connect instrument tubing to sample port on the monitoring well
without removing the cap.
o Open the valve and record both the initial and stabilized methane
concentrations. A stabilized concentration will not vary more than
0.5 percent by volume on the instrument’s scale. Also record the
oxygen concentration (at two percent per volume or less to
indicate air is not being drawn into the system and providing false
readings) and the carbon dioxide concentration.
o Close the valve and disconnect the tubing.
o Record monitoring data on the LFG monitoring data form provided
in Appendix A.
o If any methane concentration is greater than 50% of the LEL
(2.5% CH4), monitoring personnel should implement the
Precautionary Action Plan (see Section 2.3.5).
o If both initial and stabilized methane concentrations are less than
50% of the LEL (2.5% CH4), move to next LFG monitoring well.

Structures:
o Walk through the facility structure with a methane analyzer and
monitor the perimeter wall interface of the structure, the floor to
wall interface in hallways and rooms, and any floor penetrations in
the structure. Record the initial and stabilized methane
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concentrations, oxygen concentration and carbon dioxide
concentration.
o Record monitoring data on the LFG monitoring data form provided
in Appendix A.
o Notify the Solid Waste Operations Manager and the Engineer for
any methane concentration greater than 0% of the LEL.

IF A STABILIZED METHANE CONCENTRATION IS GREATER THAN 100% OF
THE LEL IN A LFG MONITORING WELL OR GREATER THAN 25% OF THE LEL
IN A FACILITY STRUCTURE, THE FOLLOWING ACTIONS WILL BE
IMPLEMENTED:

1) Recalibrate monitoring equipment and confirm results.
2) If results are confirmed, IMMEDIATELY contact the County Engineer,
Solid Waste Operations Manager and the Engineer.
3) Implement the Compliance Action Plan located in Section 3.1.

A flowchart of propsed action for noted exceedances is presented as Figure 3.
2.3.5 Precautionary Action Plan
If an initial or stabilized methane concentration is equal to or greater than 50% of
the LEL in a LFG monitoring well, monitoring personnel should perform the
following additional steps at this location:

 Measure gas pressure in the well head (in inches of water) using
magnehelic gauge or other appropriate metering device.
 Record at least one additional methane concentration measurement,
inside the well just below the top of casing.
 Evaluate the surrounding area for potential receptors to or signs of LFG
migration. LFG can stress vegetation and can kill trees and grass by root
asphyxiation. Note stressed/dead vegetation areas on the monitoring
form.
 Notify the County Engineer, Solid Waste Operations Manager and the
Engineer for further evaluation.
2.3.6 Record Keeping
Routine LFG monitoring events will be documented on the LFG monitoring data
form provided in Appendix A. Completed forms will be placed in the landfill
operating record located at the landfill office and/or Harnett County Solid Waste
Department office at 103 E. Ivy Street, Lillington, North Carolina 27546. These
forms will be available for review by DWM personnel on request.

Documentation of any contingency plan actions (see Section 3.0) will also be
kept in the operating record.
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2.4 Maintenance
Periodic maintenance and site observations will be conducted routinely to address
monitoring program components (at a minimum):

 Maintain access to LFG monitoring locations.
 Perform LFG monitoring well maintenance (maintain well locks, steel casing,
concrete pad, etc.).
 Observe landfill cover conditions, areas of dead vegetation, leachate seeps,
odors, etc. as indications of potential LFG-related problems.

Note deficiencies on the monitoring forms and report to the County Engineer and Solid
Waste Operations Manager for repair or replacement as necessary.

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Harnett County Dunn-Erwin Landfill Facility Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan
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3.0 CONTINGENCY PLAN
If a stabilized methane concentration is greater than 100% of the LEL in a LFG monitoring
well or greater than 25% of the LEL in a facility structure, the County will perform both an
immediate action and plan and a remediation plan as described below and as summarized on
Figure 3.
3.1 Immediate Action Plan
The Solid Waste Operations Manager will perform the following actions for the
protection of human health and safety:

1) Evacuate affected facility structures and the immediately surrounding area.
2) Determine nearby potential receptors (facility and off-site structures).
3) Perform monitoring in any other facility structure near the monitoring location
having the high concentration.
4) Contact the County Fire Department (911). Coordinate evaluation of potentially
affected off-site structures with the Fire Department.
5) Verbally notify the County Engineer, or his designee.
6) Verbally notify the NCDEQ DWM (see Section 1.1) as soon as practical.
7) Investigate and identify the potential source(s) and conduit(s) for LFG migration
that may have caused the high concentration (i.e. the path the LFG may be
following to the monitoring location).
8) Identify the LFG extent using bar hole punch sampling methodology or other
applicable alternative method as practical.
9) As appropriate, evaluate corrective actions to control methane concentrations in
structures surrounding the landfill site.
3.1.1 Reporting and Documentation
Within seven days of the high methane concentration detection, the County will
prepare and submit an Environmental Monitoring Reporting Form (see Appendix
A) with the monitoring event results to the DWM. The County will also place a
description of the actions performed to protect human health in the operating
record.
3.2 Remediation Plan
Within sixty days of a high methane concentration detection, a remediation plan
describing the problem nature, extent, and proposed remedy will be prepared and
submitted to DWM for approval. Following approval, the plan will be implemented and a
copy will be placed in the operating record. The DWM will also be notified once the plan
has been implemented.

An extension may be requested from the DWM depending on severity of the situation.

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Figures

Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan
Harnett County Dunn-Erwin Landfill Facility
Harnett County, North Carolina

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Copyright:© 2013 National Geographic Society, i-cubed
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J.A.L.M.M.G.1AS SHOWN May. 2014 HARNETT-DE 14-1
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DUNN-ERWIN LANDFILL FACILITY
LANDFILL GAS MONITORING PLAN
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HARNETT COUNTY, NC
DUNN-ERWIN LANDFILL FACILITY
FLOWCHART OF
METHANE MONITORING REQUIREMENTS
C.T.J. J.A.S. N.T.S.HARNETT-DE-14-1 3 HARNETT-A0021May 2016
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Appendix A
Reporting Forms

Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan
Harnett County Dunn-Erwin Landfill Facility
Harnett County, North Carolina
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NC Division of Waste Management - Solid Waste Section

Landfill Gas Monitoring Data Form

Notice: This form and any information attached to it are "Public Records" as defined in NC General Statute 132-1. As such,
these documents are available for inspection and examination by any person upon request (NC General Statute 132-6).

Facility Name: ______________________________________________ Permit Number: ____________________________

Date of Sampling: ___________________ NC Landfill Rule (.0500 or .1600): _____________________________________

Name and Position of Sample Collector: _________________________________________

Type and Serial Number of Gas Meter: _______________________________ Calibration Date of Gas Meter: ___________

Date and Time of Field Calibration: _____________________

Type of Field Calibration Gas (15/15 or 35/50): ____________ Expiration Date of Field Calibration Gas Canister: ________

Pump Rate of Gas Meter: _____________

Ambient Air Temperature: __________ Barometric Pressure: ______________ General Weather Conditions: _____________

Instructions: Under “Location or LFG Well” identify the monitoring wells or describe the location for other tests (e.g., inside
buildings). A drawing showing the location of test must be attached. Report methane readings in both % LEL and % methane
by volume. A reading in percent methane by volume can be converted to % LEL as follows: % methane by volume = %
LEL/20

If your facility has more gas monitoring locations than there is room on this form, please attach additional sheets listing the
same information as contained on this form.

Certification
To the best of my knowledge, the information reported and statements made on this data submittal and attachments
are true and correct. I am aware that there are significant penalties for making any false statement, representation, or
certification including the possibility of a fine and imprisonment.

_________________________________________ _________________________________________
SIGNATURE TITLE

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