2509_CRSWMAPTOApplication_DIN25978_20160419.pdf

1
Chao, Ming-tai
From:Amy Davis <[e-mail]>
Sent:Tuesday, April 19, 2016 2:02 PM
To:Chao, Ming-tai
Cc:Mousa A. Maimoun; Alex Everhart; Bobby Darden
Subject:RE: Comments on the Permit Amendment Application, CRSWMA, 25-09
Attachments:2016 - 19 - 04 Permit Renewal Submittal Letter (RTC letter#2).pdf
Ming,
On behalf of the Coastal Regional Solid Waste Management Authority (CRSWMA), we are pleased to submit our
response to comments for the Tuscarora Landfill.

Hard copies will follow. If you have any questions, please do not hesitate to contact us.

Thanks,

Amy R. Davis, PE │Senior Project Consultant │
JOYCE ENGINEERING
Richmond, VA - Greensboro, NC - Charlotte, NC - Charleston, SC│9731-F Southern Pine Blvd., Charlotte, NC 28273 │
tel: [phone] │direct: [phone] │fax: [phone] │ JoyceEngineering.com

From: Chao, Ming-tai [mailto:[e-mail]]
Sent: Wednesday, January 27, 2016 1:44 PM
To: Bobby Darden <[e-mail]>
Cc: Amy Davis <[e-mail]>; Mousa A. Maimoun <[e-mail]>; Ritter,
Christine <[e-mail]>; Williams, Ray <[e-mail]>; Watkins, Jason
<[e-mail]>
Subject: Comments on the Permit Amendment Application, CRSWMA, 25-09

Dear Mr. Darden:

The Solid Waste Section (SWS) completed a review of the Permit Amendment Application for the Tuscarora
Long-term Regional Landfill- IRL, & Phases 1 through 3, Permit No. 2509-MSWLF -1999 (DIN 25278 &
25403) including the Type 1 Composting Facility. The electronic copy of the comment letter that focuses on
the engineering portions of the permit application is attached for your quick review and reference. The hard
copy of the letter will be mailed to your attention today.

Ms. Christine Ritter, the Hydrogeologist of the SWS will send out the additional comments on the
environmental media monitoring in the permit application shortly.

Please contact me or Christine if you have any questions or requests for further clarification of the
comments. Thanks and have a wonderful day.

Ming Chao
Ming-Tai Chao, P.E.
Environmental Engineer
Permitting Branch, Solid Waste Section
2
NCDEQ, Division of Waste Management
(Mailing Address)
1646 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1646

(Street Address)
Green Square, 217 West Jones Street
Raleigh, NC 27603
Tel. [phone]
[e-mail]
http://portal.ncdenr.org/web/wm/sw

E-mail correspondence to and from this address may be subject to the North Carolina Public Records Law and may be disclosed to third parties.

9731-F Southern Pine Blvd.
Charlotte, NC 28273
tel: [phone]
fax: [phone]
www.JoyceEngineering.com

April 19, 2016

Mr. Ming-Tai Chao
NC DEQ
Division of Waste Management
1646 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, North Carolina 27699

RE: Comments on the Permit Amendment Application for Continued Operations
Tuscarora Long-Term Regional Landfill- IRL, Phases 1 through 3
Craven County, North Carolina
Permit No. 2509-MSWLF-1999, Doc ID No. (DIN) 25342

Dear Mr. Chao:

On behalf of the Coastal Regional Solid Waste Management Authority (CRSWMA), Joyce
Engineering, Inc. (JOYCE) is submitting this response to your comments on the Permit Renewal
Application in the email dated January 27, 2016, for the above-referenced project. For your
reference, your comment is repeated below in italicized print, with our response provided in bold
print.

Facility Plan
1. (Section 3.2, Operating Capacity) What is the remaining capacity of the Phase 3 based on the
latest (June 30, 2015) survey result in consistent with Drawing No. FP-09? What is estimated
remaining service life of the Phase 3?
Phase 3 gross designed capacity is 1,851,000 cy (presented on Drawing No. FP-09 and Table
1). As of June 30, 2015, the remaining volume is 1,126,375 cy, of which 123,508 cy is
required for final cover. As a result, 1,002,867 cy remains for waste disposal and
daily/intermediate cover soil. Assuming an annual tonnage of 196,862 and a compaction
efficiency 1,000 lbs/cy, the remaining life of the landfill is about three years as of June 30,
2015 (Table 1).

2. (Section 3.2, Soil Resources) The volume ratio of waste to daily cover soil was 7 to 1 which
was used for the calculations of the landfill capacity and required soil amount for landfill
operations in the previously permit application (DIN 12653) approved January 25, 2011. Please
provide explanation (s) why this ratio changes to 20 to 1.
Paragraph 3.2 Soil Resources has been revised to reflect waste to soil ration per operations.

Operations Plan
3. (Section 2.1, Active Area) Two sumps for Phases 3 are located on the north side of the cells
according to the Engineering Plan Drawing No. EP-02. Please revise the description
accordingly.
The description was revised to match the Engineering Plan Drawing No. EP-02.

Mr. Ming-Tai Chao
April 19, 2016
Page 2 of 5

4. (Section 5.3) Please provide explanation (s) why the volume ratio of waste to daily cover soil
changes to 20 to 1 (see Comment No. 2).
Section 5.3 has been revised to reflect waste to soil ration per landfill operations.

5. (Section 9.3) Please describe the leachate sample locations which must be identified on the
Operations Plan Drawings.
A description has been added and the sampling location on Drawing OP-01.

6. (Section 9.4 Leachate Disposal) If available, please provide the layout and detail drawings
including forcemain alignments/runs, the entrance or connection location where the leachate
drains from the lagoon into the sewer line inside the landfill property. However, if the project is
in the planning stage, the as-built drawings including the above-mention items must be provided
the SWS upon available. Please add this requirement to this Section.
Requested comment has been added to section 9.4.

Appendix VI-4 – Type 1 Yard Waste Composting – Operational Manual
7. (Section 1.3) The contact info – address and phone number of the SWS has been changed to:
 Mailing Address: 1646 Mail Service Center, Raleigh NC 27699-1646.
 Physical Address: 217 West Jones Street, Raleigh NC 27603.
 Phone Number: 919 -707-8200.

Please place the update info to this Section.
The updated information is placed into the Operational Manual.

8. (Section 2.2) Please correct the typographic errors observed in this Section.
i. The subsection 2.3.1 – Design Capacities and Product Data is likely the subsection 2.2.1.
The typographic error was corrected.

ii. The Site Plan is likely included in Appendix 3, not in Appendix 6. Please make necessary
corrections in Sections 2.2.1 & 2.2.2.
The typographic error was corrected.

iii. Appendix 6, not Appendix 7 likely contains a table summarizing product quality.
The typographic error was corrected.

9. Please describe the structures (such as the sediment basin and the covered building),
measures, and /or practices that are implementing to control surface water run-on and run-off
and the approaches to collect, store, treat, and /or dispose of leachate that is generated at this
composting facility according to Rules 15A NCAC 13B .1405(a)(7) and .1406(2), (3) & (4).
No changes to sediment basin, surface water run-on and run-off controls have been made
since permit to operate was issued in 2010.

Mr. Ming-Tai Chao
April 19, 2016
Page 3 of 5

10. (Section 2.3.1) The referenced Section 2.4.14(c) in the last paragraph of the Section 2.3.1 is
not available in the Appendix VI-4 – Type 1 Yard Waste Composting – Operational Manual.
Please provide the referenced Section.
Reference has been corrected to read Section 2.3.9(c).

11. (Section 2.3.3) Please describe the implementation of the minimum distance requirement for
adequate access of firefighting equipment [Rule 15A NCAC 13B .1404(a)(8)].
Rule .1404 (8) has been added in Section 2.3.3.

12. (Section 2.4.3) Please correct the typographic errors observed in this section.
i. The referenced Rules .1408(3) and 1406(9)(c) don’t exist and are likely typos. Please make the
necessary corrections.
References have been corrected to read Rule .1408 (c) and .1406 (9).

ii. The DENR officially became the Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) on Sept. 18,
2015 when Governor McCrory signed the 2015-2016 state budget into law. Please use the
correct department name in the Section.
All references to DENR have been updated to read DEQ.

Closure & Post-Closure Plan
13. The SWS records show that the permanent closed areas of the landfill are IRL (20.2 acres),
Phase 1 (20.5 acres) and the west slope area of Phase 2 (7.3-acre). Phases 2 that has the
approved waste footprint of 17.2 acres has approximately 9.9-acre remaining area subjected to
final/permanent closure. Therefore, please
i. Submitting the update Section 1.1.2 of the Closure Plan. According to the Rule 15A NCAC 13B
.1629(b)(1), the largest area of the landfill might be closed in the next permit cycle should be
29.6 acres including Phases 2 remaining area (9.9 acres) and Phase 3 area (19.7 acres).
Section 1.1.2 has been revised to reflect the areas remaining to be closed.

ii. Please revise the closure area in the closure cost estimates in Appendix VII-2 accordingly.
The costs shall be in 2015 dollar values (Section 1.7). The associated costs in Appendix VII-2
that were likely approved in 2011 must be adjusted annually (from 2012 through 2015) for
inflation accordingly. The inflation factor can be found in the SWS website
http://portal.ncdenr.org/web/wm/sw/financialassurance.
Closure cost estimates have been revised to reflect the areas to be closed in 2015 dollars.

14. The Post-Closure Plan must describe the requirements of inspection, maintenance, and
decommissioning of the LFGCCs.
Section 2.3 Post Closure Maintenance is included in the Plan. No changes have been made.
Section 2.4 Inspection Plan is included. No changes have been made.
Section 2.5.3 Landfill Gas Monitoring includes the LFGCC decommissioning. No changes
have been made.

Mr. Ming-Tai Chao
April 19, 2016
Page 4 of 5

15. (Section 2.1) The Facility Contact must be updated accordingly.
The facility contact information has been updated.

16. (Section 2.8 & Appendix VII-6) The costs for the 30-year post-closure cares shall be in 2015
dollar values. The associated costs in Appendix VII-6 that were likely approved in the 2011 must
be adjusted annually (from 2012 through 2015) for inflation accordingly. The inflation factor
can be found in the SWS website http://portal.ncdenr.org/web/wm/sw/financialassurance
Section 2.8 and Appendix VII-6 have been updated to reflect 2015 costs.

17. The costs for surface water monitoring are not included in the Post- Closure Cost Estimates.
Please revise the cost estimate by adding the requested cost item.
Surface water monitoring has been added to the Post-Closure period cost estimate.

18. (Appendix VII-6, Post- Closure Cost Estimates) Please address the following concerns
associated with the costs of the landfill gas monitoring system:
i. Why does the landfill gas monitoring system maintenance last for 20 years, not 30 years
required by the rules 15A NCAC 13B .1627(d)? If the costs are directly related to the existing
landfill gas collection and control system (LFGCCs), the 20-year period may be acceptable, but
not for the on-site explosive gas monitoring & reporting which must be conducted quarterly for
at least 30-year period. Please separate the costs for LFGCCs and explosive gas monitoring.
Explosive gasses monitoring beyond 20 years has been added to the Post-Closure Care Plan
and the cost estimate.

ii. What are the costs for decommissioning of the LFGCCs? Please add the costs to the post-
closure cost estimates.
Decommissioning and estimated costs have been added to the post-closure cost estimate.

19. (Appendix VII-6, Post- Closure Cost Estimates) Please address the following concerns
associated with the costs for Leachate Management:
i. The costs associated with semi-annually leachate sampling are not available.
Semiannual leachate sampling cost has been added to the post-closure care cost estimate.

ii. The leachate amount of 0.089 gallons per acre per day is not suitable for the proposed site
closure scenario. The referenced leachate amount would be generated (from HELP model) when
the height of waste is 200 feet (Profile 5, Appendix IV-3). The maximum waste height at a
probable closure for Phases 1 - 3 in this permit cycle is likely ranging from 40 to 80 feet
(referring Drawing No. FP-09). Therefore, the associated costs for leachate management are
calculated based on the questionable assumptions. Please provide the reasonable estimate
leachate amount and revise the cost estimate.
The probable post-closure leachate generation has been calculated by HELP model for the
Phases 1-3 utilizing 50 foot maximum height resulting on 0.3 gallons per acre per day. The
Post-Closure care estimate has been revised according the calculated leachate generation
rate.

Mr. Ming-Tai Chao
April 19, 2016
Page 5 of 5

iii. (Continue the previous Comment No. 19ii) After completing the proposed leachate disposal
project, the leachate would be discharged into the city sewer system according to the Leachate
Agreement between the City of New Bern and CRSWMA. The costs associated with leachate
disposal might be eliminated from the 30-year post-closure care cost estimates after CRSWMA
submits the SWS a permit modification application including the as-built drawings (see
Comment No. 6) requesting an approval of cost reduction.
Leachate disposal post-closure cost estimate is currently base on direct discharge to
POTW.

20. (Appendix VII-6, Post- Closure Cost Estimates) Please add the following the costs to the
Routine Maintenance and Repairs: fencing, gates, & signage, access roads toward monitoring
locations, stormwater, erosion, and sedimentation control facilities, leachate seeps, integrity of
the final cap system (Sections 2.3 of the Post-Closure Plan).
Section 2.3 has been expanded to include noted routine maintenance and repairs.

According to NCGS 130A-295.2(h1), the minimum cost in the amount of two million dollars for
potential assessment and corrective action (PACA) at the facility, which is additional costs to the
closure and post-closure care activities, must be included to the CRSWMA financial assurance
(Rule 15A NCAC 13B .1628). Please add this PACA requirements & cost to the Closure & Post
Closure Plans.

PACA has been added to the Post-Closure Cots estimate according to NCGS 130A-
295.2(h).

Please do not hesitate to contact us during the review process with any questions or comments
you may have. We look forward to working with you to get the authority’s permit renewed for
continued operation of the landfill.

Sincerely,
JOYCE ENGINEERING, INC.
Amy Davis, P.E.
Technical Consultant

Attachments
Revised Facility Plan
Revised Operations Plan
Revised Closure & Post Closure Plan

C: Bobby Darden, CRSWMA – Tuscarora Landfill
PREPARED FOR:

COASTAL REGIONAL SOLID WASTE AUTHORITY
TUSCARORA LONG-TERM REGIONAL LANDFILL
7400 OLD HIGHWAY 70 WEST
TUSCARORA, NC 28523

PERMIT No. 25-09

TUSCARORA LANDFILL
PERMIT TO OPERATE RENEWAL

VOLUME 1, SECTION III
FACILITY PLAN

NOVEMBER 2009
REVISED SEPTEMBER 2010
REVISED NOVEMBER 2015
REVISED APRIL 2016

PREPARED BY:

9731-F SOUTHERN PINE BLVD
CHARLOTTE, NC 28273
PHONE: [phone]
FAX: [phone]
Section III - Facility Plan Joyce Engineering, Inc.
CRSWMA - Tuscarora Landfill Permit Renewal November 2009
Craven County, North Carolina Rev. November 2015
Rev. April 2016

i
VOLUME 1, SECTION III
FACILITY PLAN

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW .............................................................................. 1
2.0 FACILITY DRAWINGS .................................................................................................... 1
2.1. Site Development ........................................................................................................ 1
2.2. Landfill Construction .................................................................................................. 1
2.3 Landfill Operation ....................................................................................................... 2
3.0 FACILITY REPORT .......................................................................................................... 2
3.1 Waste Stream .............................................................................................................. 2
3.2 Landfill Capacity ........................................................................................................ 3
3.3 Containment and Environmental Control Systems ..................................................... 4
3.4 Special Engineering Features ...................................................................................... 8

TABLES

Table No. 1 Waste Disposal Rates and Volume Requirements
Table No. 2 Soil Requirements

APPENDICES

Appendix III-1 Property Deed Information

DRAWINGS

Drawing No. FP-T Title Sheet
Drawing No. FP-L Legend and General Notes
Drawing No. FP-01 Site Development
All Facilities
Drawing No. FP-02 Site Development
Landfill Phases and Leachate Facilities
Drawing No. FP-03 Site Development
Base Grades
Drawing No. FP-04 Site Development
Final Contours

Drawing No. FP-05 Site Development
Section III - Facility Plan Joyce Engineering, Inc.
CRSWMA - Tuscarora Landfill Permit Renewal November 2009
Craven County, North Carolina Rev. November 2015
Rev. April 2016

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Leachate Drainage Plan
Drawing No. FP-06 Landfill Operations
Phasing Plan – Phases 3 and 4
Drawing No. FP-07 Landfill Operations
Phasing Plan – Phases 5 and 6
Drawing No. FP-08 Closure Plan
Landfill Gas System Layout
Drawing No. FP-09 Phases 1-6
Cross Sections

Section III - Facility Plan Joyce Engineering, Inc.
CRSWMA - Tuscarora Landfill Permit Renewal November 2009
Craven County, North Carolina Rev. November 2015
Rev. April 2016

1
1.0 INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW

The facility plan describes the comprehensive development of the MSWLF facility prepared in
accordance with subsection .1619 of the North Carolina Solid Waste Management Rules. The plan
includes a set of drawings and a report which present the long-term, general design concepts related
to construction, operation, and closure of the MSWLF unit(s), including leachate management.

2.0 FACILITY DRAWINGS

2.1. Site Development

The overall landfill facility is illustrated on Drawing FP-01. CRSWMA’s property boundary
comprises 502 acres. Property information, including copies of deeds and a map with deed book and
page callouts is provided in Appendix III-1.

There is one waste disposal unit of 101 acres. The waste disposal unit consists of two closed areas -
the Interim Regional Landfill (IRL - 20.2 acres) and Phase 1 (20.5 acres); Phase 2 (17.2 acres) -
temporary closure; the Phase 3 an active disposal area (19.7 acres); and the Phase 4 expansion (23.4
acres). Phases 5 and 6 are planned as vertical expansions. Near the facility entrance at the south end
of the property there are truck scales and the landfill office/scalehouse which is connected to a
maintenance shop. Just beyond the scales there is a public convenience center which accepts
household municipal solid waste, which is landfilled, and oyster shells which are recycled.
Continuing to the north there is a composting facility (CRSWMA holds a separate permit, Solid
Waste Compost Facility Permit Number SWC-25-11, for the composting facility) where yard waste
and clean wood debris is processed. Wood pallets that are brought to the landfill are processed at
the composting facility as well. Next to the composting facility is a covered concrete pad
(approximately 100’ x 250’) where scrap tires are collected and loaded onto trailers for removal
from the facility. This area is also used for miscellaneous material storage.

The waste disposal unit begins approximately 2,300 feet north of the facility entrance and extends to
the north and east. The Phase 3 disposal area is located immediately north of the existing municipal
solid waste disposal area (Phase 2). Phase 3 will be developed to a maximum elevation of
approximately 150 feet, and Phase 4 will be developed to a maximum elevation of approximately
130 feet. Phases 5 and 6 represent further vertical development of the footprint established by
previous phases, with Phase 5 reaching a maximum elevation of 200 feet, and Phase 6 reaching the
final elevation of 270 feet.

Site suitability has previously been established, and therefore information regarding site suitability is
not provided in this renewal application.

2.2. Landfill Construction

Landfill construction is proposed to occur in three phases (4, 5 and 6) beyond the current phase, each
with an operating life of approximately five years. Base grades for the Phase 4 expansions are
shown on Drawing FP-03. Final grades for all future phases are shown Drawings FP-06 through FP-
Section III - Facility Plan Joyce Engineering, Inc.
CRSWMA - Tuscarora Landfill Permit Renewal November 2009
Craven County, North Carolina Rev. November 2015
Rev. April 2016

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07. Base grades are designed to be a minimum of four feet above groundwater. Final grades shown
were developed for fill slopes of 3 horizontal to 1 vertical (3H:1V).

2.3 Landfill Operation

Drawing No. FP-05 includes the general drainage grade and flow direction for the leachate system
and pipelines to the leachate management facility.

Phasing for the facility is included on Drawings No. FP-06 through FP-07. The phasing plans
include transitional contours for each phase of development and the location of stormwater
segregation features. Stormwater control features are included in the Erosion and Sediment Control
plans (submitted under separate cover) and Engineering Plan (included with this submittal).

3.0 FACILITY REPORT

3.1 Waste Stream

Types of Waste Specified for Disposal: The facility will accept residential, commercial, and
industrial waste, wastewater treatment sludges, and construction and demolition (C&D) debris for
disposal. C&D waste is co-disposed in the lined MSW landfill.

Further detail regarding acceptable wastes, prohibited wastes and special wastes are presented in
section 3.3 through 3.5 of the Operations Plan.

Disposal Rates and Estimated Variances: The Franchise Agreement and Intercounty Solid Waste
Agreement for the Tuscarora Landfill do not limit the tonnages that may be disposed of at the
facility. Disposal rates for the Tuscarora Landfill are presented in Table 1, and were obtained from
the CRSWMA Comprehensive Annual Financial Report and the scale house records. The table
shows the annual waste disposal quantities for FY1994 through FY2015, with projected values
thereafter. Between 1995 and 2015, annual growth in waste disposal has varied from a low of -13%
(2012-2013) to a high of 57% (1995-1996). The average annual growth rate during the period
FY1994 through FY2015 is 5%, although the average appears to be skewed on the high side due to
abnormally high increases from 1995-1996 and 1996-1997. The large degree of variation may
reflect fluctuations in clean up debris. Over the past four years, the average annual growth rate has
been 3.27%. For planning purposes, a growth rate of 2% per year has been assumed for 2016
through 2018. Beyond 2018, a growth rate of 5% per year was assumed. Projected disposal
amounts by phase are shown in Table 1. Based on these figures, the facility has the capacity to
operate until year 2030. For purposes of this Renewal Application, CRSWMA is requesting an
allowable annual tonnage rate of 249,000.

Facility Service Area: The Tuscarora Landfill accepts waste generated within the boundaries of
Carteret, Craven, Jones and Pamlico Counties. Municipalities and federal facilities within these
boundaries are included.

Section III - Facility Plan Joyce Engineering, Inc.
CRSWMA - Tuscarora Landfill Permit Renewal November 2009
Craven County, North Carolina Rev. November 2015
Rev. April 2016

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Waste Management Procedures: The following procedures are in use at the facility and are proposed
to continue. During operating hours, traffic is routed from the entrance gate and scalehouse to a
paved road that becomes a gravel road leading to the disposal area. A convenience center is provided
near the scalehouse for residential drop-off. The convenience center enables residential users to
dispose of waste without having to drive to the working face of the landfill.

Equipment Requirements: The following equipment is used at the landfill. In general, the type and
number of pieces of equipment listed here is expected to be suitable for handling the anticipated
waste stream for the duration of Phase 3. Equipment needs will be reviewed annually, and
additional equipment will be purchased or leased as needed. New equipment will be phased in as
older equipment is retired.

Type Status Quantity
Compactor Active 2
Compactor Reserve 2
Dozer Active 1
Dozer Reserve 1
Excavator Active 2
Off-road Dump Truck Active 1
Loader Active 2
Motor Grader Active 1
Tractor Active 1
Water Truck Active 1
Vacuum Active 1
Fuel Truck Active 1

3.2 Landfill Capacity

Landfill capacity and soil requirements, by phase, were calculated using airspace volumes obtained
using AutoDesk Civil3D/Survey software. The data and assumptions used are consistent with the
disposal rates discussed in the preceding section, and are representative of the operational
requirements and conditions anticipated for the facility.

Operating Capacity:

The property totals approximately 502 acres in size, of which 101 acres make up the overall landfill
footprint. The operating capabilities, by phase and total, are shown in Table 1 and are summarized
below:

Section III - Facility Plan Joyce Engineering, Inc.
CRSWMA - Tuscarora Landfill Permit Renewal November 2009
Craven County, North Carolina Rev. November 2015
Rev. April 2016

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Phase Area
(Acres)
Gross Capacity(1)
(cubic yards) Status
IRL 20.2
5,198,300

closed
1 20.5 closed
2 17.2 temporary
closure
3 19.7 1,851,000 active
4 23.4 2,354,000 not constructed
5 vertical 2,745,000 not constructed
6 vertical 1,800,400 not constructed
Total 101 13,948,700
(1) Gross capacity is defined as the airspace between top of drainage layer and
approximate final Phase elevation.

Phase 3 is the current active disposal area (19.7 acres) with a gross designed capacity of 1,851,000
cy (presented on Drawing No. FP-09 and Table 1). As of June 30, 2015, the remaining volume is
1,126,375 cy, of which 123,508 cy is required for final cover. As a result, 1,002,867 cy remains for
waste disposal and daily/intermediate cover soil. Assuming an annual tonnage of 196,862 and a
compaction efficiency of 1,000 lbs/cy, the remaining life of the landfill is about three years as of
June 30, 2015 (Table 1).

Soil Resources:

The in-place ratio of waste to soil used to calculate the operating life and operating soil requirements
for each phase was assumed to be 26 to 1 which is generally consistent with results observed from
air space utilization studies. The on-site soil requirements are shown by year and cumulatively in
Table 2. The deficit of soil during the operation of Phase 3 (and future Phases 4 through 6) can be
satisfied by borrowing soil from other locations within the limits of the facility property or from off-
site sources. Based on the conceptual design volumes, the total soil requirement over the life of the
facility (Phases 3 – 6) is approximately 1,007,164 cubic yards.

Structural fill materials for the construction of the base grades may come from off-site sources such
as the Martin Marietta quarry, located approximately 5 miles east from the site. Borrow studies
were previously completed to identify the quality and quantity of on-site soil resources. Soils that are
suitable for final cover or base liner construction were identified and will be reserved for that
purpose so they will not be used for daily cover.

3.3 Containment and Environmental Control Systems

Base Liner System:

The proposed liner system will consist of the following components from top to bottom. This is an
alternate liner that was previously approved for Phases 2 and 3 of the Tuscarora Landfill.

Section III - Facility Plan Joyce Engineering, Inc.
CRSWMA - Tuscarora Landfill Permit Renewal November 2009
Craven County, North Carolina Rev. November 2015
Rev. April 2016

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 24-inch granular protective and/or drainage layer;
 Non-woven geosynthetic cushion;
 60 mil high density polyethylene (HDPE) textured geomembrane;
 Geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) adhered to a 60-mil textured HDPE membrane (GCL
side up); and
 12-inch compacted soil layer having permeability no greater than 1x10-5cm/sec.

Leachate Management System:

The leachate collection and removal system (LCRS) is designed to meet the requirements of the
North Carolina Solid Waste Management Regulations. The LCRS will include the following
components:

 Drainage layer;
 Leachate header pipes;
 Leachate pump stations; and
 Existing leachate lagoons (2).

Leachate will be conveyed through the drainage layer consisting of at least 24 inches of free-
draining granular material. Within the drainage layer, a network of perforated collection pipes will
intercept the leachate, conveying the leachate by gravity to the sump areas. Leachate will be
pumped from the sump areas via pumping stations and a force main system to the existing leachate
lagoons. At this time, the lagoons’ leachate levels are lowered periodically for transport by tanker
truck to the City of New Bern Wastewater Treatment Facility. An agreement to pump leachate
through a sewer pipe to the City of New Bern Wastewater Treatment Facility will be in effect by
summer 2016. This newest agreement was put in place for the force-main project. Under this
agreement, the lagoons’ leachate levels will be controlled by pumping it through the recently
constructed sewer pipe to the City of New Bern Wastewater Treatment Facility. A copy of the new
leachate agreement is provided in Appendix VI-2 of the Operations Plan. Additional information
pertaining to the quantity of leachate generated, the storage capacity of the lagoons, and the offsite
disposal capacity are provided in the Engineering Plan.

Cleanouts will be provided for the leachate collector lines and leachate header pipe to provide access
for video inspection and to clean the pipes. Pipes will be cleaned using either hydraulic or
mechanical methods.

Cap System:

The cap system is described from bottom to top in the following paragraphs.

a. Intermediate Cover and Leveling Course - Local soil will be placed over the daily
cover soil to provide at least 12 inches of intermediate cover and a uniform base for
construction of the cap.
Section III - Facility Plan Joyce Engineering, Inc.
CRSWMA - Tuscarora Landfill Permit Renewal November 2009
Craven County, North Carolina Rev. November 2015
Rev. April 2016

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b. Gas Migration Layer – A geonet composite will be installed between the
intermediate cover and the overlying infiltration layer. The geonet composite will
provide a pathway for accumulated gas to move laterally to the vents.

c. Composite Cap: GCL Component - The infiltration layer is proposed to consist of a
geosynthetic clay liner. This layer will be constructed over the geonet composite that
will serve as the gas migration layer. Installation and testing requirements for the
cap are provided in the Specifications (Appendix IV-6) and the CQA Plan.

d. Composite Cap: Geomembrane Component - The geomembrane component of the
infiltration layer will consist of a textured 40 mil flexible geomembrane. The
membrane will be in direct contact with the underlying layer. The testing program
and quality assurance requirements for the geomembrane are described in the CQA
Plan.

e. Drainage Layer - A drainage layer consisting of a geonet and geotextile composite
will be placed over the geomembrane to promote drainage.

f. Protective Layer - A layer consisting of at least 18 inches of local soil will be placed
above the drainage layer to provide a protective cover for the underlying cap
components.

g. Vegetative Layer - A layer of topsoil material or organically amended local soil will
be placed above the protective layer. This soil layer will be at least 6 inches in
thickness. The topsoil material will be lightly compacted so that a good stand of
vegetation can be established. Soil tests may be conducted prior to seeding to
determine if soil additives are needed to establish and maintain the vegetation.

Gas Management System:

Active Landfill Gas Collection and Control

MSW landfills that have permitted capacities greater than 2.5 million Mg or 2.5 million cubic meters
and that have an emission rate for non-methane organic compounds (NMOC) in excess of 50
Mg/year, must install and operate active landfill gas collection and control systems in accordance
with the New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) for MSW landfills (40 CFR 60, Subpart
WWW). Such is the case for the Tuscarora Landfill.

An active landfill gas collection and control system is in place on the IRL and Phase I and Phase 2 of
the landfill. Expansion of the gas collection system to cover all areas where waste has been in place
for at least five years will occur as required by the NSPS.

The NSPS regulations require that a Gas Collection and Control System (GCCS) Design Plan be
prepared to demonstrate how landfill gas will be collected and controlled for the life of the facility.
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Rev. April 2016

7

The North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality (NC DEQ), formerly known as
Department of Environment and Natural Resources (NC DENR), Division of Air Quality (DAQ) has
the responsibility of approving GCCS Plans and enforcing compliance with the NSPS regulations.

A GCCS Plan for the Tuscarora Landfill was submitted to the DAQ in October, 2007 and approved
in September, 2008. The approved GCCS Plan was provided in the Phase 3 Expansion Permit
Application Engineering Plan as Appendix IV-10. The proposed layout for the gas system at final
closure of the facility is shown on FP-08.

Operations of the active landfill gas system is regulated by DAQ. The Tuscarora Landfill Operates
the gas system under Air Quality Permit No. 09755T01 which is provided as Appendix VI-3 of the
Operations Plan.

Monitoring for Explosion Hazards

To protect public health and safety in the vicinity of the landfill, landfill gas produced by the
decomposition of refuse will be controlled and monitored during the operational, closure, and post-
closure periods. The following regulatory levels must be maintained:

 The concentration of methane gas generated is not to exceed 25 percent of the lower
explosive limit (LEL) for methane in on-site structures (excluding gas control or recovery
system components); and

 The concentration of methane gas is not to exceed the LEL for methane at the facility
property boundary.

Gas monitoring will be conducted during the active life of the landfill and throughout the closure
and post-closure periods to ensure compliance with the regulatory limits. At a minimum, quarterly
monitoring of explosive gases will be conducted in on-site structures. If additional structures are
built, the monitoring program will be expanded to include the new structures.

The Tuscarora Landfill does not have the potential for subsurface methane migration since the base
grades of the landfill are elevated above the existing ground in order to achieve the required
separation from groundwater and slopes. Therefore, the waste and the generation of landfill gas
occurs above the surrounding ground and any lateral migration from the landfill would release the
gas to the atmosphere within the landfill property boundary. Additionally, the water table, which is
near ground surface, and the ditches around the landfill hold water year around, serve as a barrier to
subsurface migration. However, quarterly landfill gas monitoring will include probes GP-6, GP 7
and GP-8 for continued monitoring of the IRL and Phase 1 of the Tuscarora Landfill for potential
subsurface migration. Landfill gas monitoring probes GP-2, GP-3, GP-4 and GP-5 will no longer be
monitored for landfill gas migration. GP-8 has replaced GP-2 and GP-3 as a more acceptable
location for monitoring at the property boundary southwest of the IRL. GP-4 and GP 5 are located
to the south of the IRL, centrally located away from the property boundary, and no longer satisfy the
requirements of monitoring for landfill gas migration toward the property boundary. Finally, fifteen
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Rev. April 2016

8
bar-hole probes (hand-driven hole approximately 0.5-inch by 2.5 to 4-feet deep) surrounding the
parameter of Phases 2, 3 and 4 are monitored quarterly.

3.4 Special Engineering Features

Stormwater Management System:

Phase 3 is designed to drain leachate to two sumps. Initial waste placement in the new phase will be
done in one half of the phase so that stormwater will be segregated in the other half until filling
progresses to cover the entire base of the landfill. Stormwater will be pumped from the landfill sump
into the drainage ditch until drainage to the sump becomes leachate, at which time it will be pumped
from the sump into a forcemain pipe to the leachate lagoons onsite for storage.

(End)

TABLES

Table 1: Actual and Projected Waste Stream and Phase Capacities
Required Disposal
Capacity (CY)
Designed Disposal
Capacity (CY)
YEAR TONS(1)TPD (Avg.)(2)MSW/C&D
Ratio(3)CY(4)TONS CY
1994* 92,857 404 2.9 143,408 92,857 143,408
1995 92,946 326 2.0 143,546 185,803 286,954
1996 145,705 511 4.4 225,027 331,508 511,981
1997 174,739 613 4.7 269,867 506,247 781,849
1998 165,785 582 3.7 256,039 672,032 1,037,887
1999 172,576 606 4.2 266,527 844,608 1,304,414 IRL IRL
2000 175,952 617 8.0 271,741 1,020,560 1,576,155 ++
2001 174,301 612 5.3 269,191 1,194,862 1,845,346 PHASE 1 PHASE 1
2002 175,884 617 3.2 271,636 1,370,746 2,116,982 ++
2003 185,663 651 3.0 286,738 1,556,409 2,403,720 PHASE 2 PHASE 2
2004 205,744 722 2.6 317,751 1,762,153 2,721,472
2005 213,525 749 2.1 329,768 1,975,678 3,051,240 5,542,208 5,198,300
2006 237,712 834 1.7 367,123 2,213,390 3,418,363
2007 233,286 819 1.8 360,287 2,446,676 3,778,650
2008 219,722 771 1.9 339,339 2,666,398 4,117,989
2009 197,486 693 1.9 304,998 2,863,884 4,422,987
2010 176,156 618 2.6 272,056 3,040,040 4,695,042
2011 170,217 597 3.1 262,883 3,210,257 4,957,926
2012 201,813 708 2.0 311,680 3,412,070 5,269,606
2013 176,510 619 2.9 272,602 3,588,580 5,542,208
2014 182,742 641 2.5 365,484 3,771,322 5,907,692
2015 189,217 664 2.7 378,435 3,960,539 6,286,127 PHASE 3 PHASE 3
2016 193,002 677 2.0 386,003 4,153,541 6,672,131 1,925,244 1,851,000
2017 196,862 691 2.0 393,724 4,350,403 7,065,854 CY CY
2018 200,799 705 2.0 401,598 4,551,202 7,467,452
2019 210,839 740 2.0 421,678 4,762,041 7,889,130
2020 221,381 777 2.0 442,762 4,983,422 8,331,892 PHASE 4 PHASE 4
2021 232,450 816 2.0 464,900 5,215,872 8,796,792 2,330,037 2,354,000
2022 244,072 856 2.0 488,145 5,459,944 9,284,937 CY CY
2023 256,276 899 2.0 512,552 5,716,220 9,797,489
2024 269,090 944 2.0 538,180 5,985,310 10,335,669
2025 282,544 991 2.0 565,089 6,267,854 10,900,757 PHASE 5 PHASE 5
2026 296,672 1,041 2.0 593,343 6,564,526 11,494,101 2,973,783 2,745,000
2027 311,505 1,093 2.0 623,010 6,876,031 12,117,111 CY CY
2028 327,080 1,148 2.0 654,161 7,203,112 12,771,272
2029 343,434 1,205 2.0 686,869 7,546,546 13,458,141 PHASE 6 PHASE 6
2030 360,606 1,265 2.0 721,212 7,907,152 14,179,353 1,408,081 1,800,400
CY CY
TOTAL LANDFILL
VOLUME (CY)
13,948,700
NOTES:
(1) Information on yearly tonnage and totals for 1994-1999 were obtained from the CRSWMA Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, June 30, 2001
Information on yearly tonnage and totals for 2000-2015 were obtained from the CRSWMA Landfill scalehouse records.
After 2015, tonnages are projected based on a 2.00% growth rate over life of Phase 3
5.00% growth rate over life of Phase 4-6
* Authority was operational nine months during 1993-1994 fiscal year, assumed 230 working days.
(2) Averages are based on a 5.5 day per week work week, 2 holidays, no Sundays, or 285 days per year.
(3) MSW/C&D ratio through 2015 is based on scalehouse records, thereafter it is assumed to be 2.0
(4) Volume consumption based on an assumed in place density of 1,295 lbs/cy over the life of Phase 1-2
1,000 lb/cy over the life of Phase 3-6
ANNUAL CUMULATIVE
Section III - Facility Plan
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Joyce Engineering, Inc.
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Table 2: Projected Soil Requirements
CONSTRUCTION CLOSURE CUMULATIVE
YEAR WASTE
TONS
WASTE
CY(1)
VOL. RATIO
WASTE/SOIL
SOIL REQD.
CY
SOIL REQD.
CY(2)
SOIL REQD.
CY(3)
SOIL REQD.
CY
2016 193,002 386,003 26.0 14,846 14,846
2017 196,862 393,724 26.0 15,143 15,143
2018 200,799 401,598 26.0 15,446 15,446
2019 210,839 421,678 26.0 16,218 410,323 426,541
2020 221,381 442,762 26.0 17,029 17,029
2021 232,450 464,900 26.0 17,881 57,112 74,993
2022 244,072 488,145 26.0 18,775 18,775
2023 256,276 512,552 26.0 19,714 19,714
2024 269,090 538,180 26.0 20,699 20,699
2025 282,544 565,089 26.0 21,734 21,734
2026 296,672 593,343 26.0 22,821 51,256 74,076
2027 311,505 623,010 26.0 23,962 23,962
2028 327,080 654,161 26.0 25,160 25,160
2029 343,434 686,869 26.0 26,418 106,044 132,462
2030 360,606 721,212 26.0 27,739 27,739
2031 78,844 78,844
1,007,164
NOTES:
(1) Volume consumption based on an assumed in place density of 1000 lbs/cy, or 0.5 tons/cy.
Waste to soil ratio 26 based on 13 foot lift of waste covered by 6 inch layer of soil.
(2) Volume of soil required for construction is based on grading plans and calculated using AutoCAD
(3) Volume of soil required for closure based on 3' of cover soil over the following areas:
Phase 3 11.80 acres
Phase 4 10.59 acres
Phase 5 21.91 acres
Phase 6 16.29 acres
DAILY COVER
Phase 3 Partial Closure
Phase 4 Partial Closure
Phase 5 Partial Closure
Phase 6 Partial Closure
Section III - Facility Plan
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Joyce Engineering, Inc.
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Rev. April 2016
PREPARED FOR:

COASTAL REGIONAL SOLID WASTE AUTHORITY
TUSCARORA LONG-TERM REGIONAL LANDFILL
7400 OLD HIGHWAY 70 WEST
TUSCARORA, NC 28523

PERMIT No. 25-09

TUSCARORA LANDFILL
PERMIT TO OPERATE RENEWAL

VOLUME 2, SECTION VI
OPERATIONS PLAN

NOVEMBER 2009
REVISED MARCH 2012
REVISED DECEMBER 2015
REVISED APRIL 2016

PREPARED BY:

9731-F SOUTHERN PINE BLVD
CHARLOTTE, NC 28273
PHONE: [phone]
FAX: [phone]
VI - Operations Plan Joyce Engineering, Inc.
CRSWMA - Tuscarora Landfill Permit Renewal November 2009
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Rev. April, 2016
i
VOLUME 2, SECTION VI
OPERATIONS PLAN

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 GENERAL ..................................................................................................................... 1
2.0 OPERATIONS DRAWINGS ......................................................................................... 1
2.1 Existing Conditions ........................................................................................................ 1
2.2 Proposed Development ................................................................................................... 2
2.3 Operations ...................................................................................................................... 2
3.0 GENERAL OPERATING CONDITIONS .................................................................... 2
3.1 Hours of Operation ......................................................................................................... 2
3.2 Site Access and Safety ................................................................................................... 3
3.3 Acceptable Waste ........................................................................................................... 3
3.4 Prohibited Waste ............................................................................................................ 4
3.5 Special Wastes ................................................................................................................ 5
3.6 Litter Control .................................................................................................................. 6
3.7 Equipment ...................................................................................................................... 6
3.8 Air Quality ...................................................................................................................... 7
3.9 Dust, Odor, Fire and Vector Control .............................................................................. 7
3.10 Scavenging/Salvaging .................................................................................................... 8
4.0 RANDOM WASTE SCREENING PROGRAM ........................................................... 8
4.1 Authority ........................................................................................................................ 8
4.2 Random Selection ........................................................................................................... 9
4.3 Record Keeping .............................................................................................................. 9
4.4 Training .......................................................................................................................... 9
4.5 Inspection Site ................................................................................................................ 9
4.6 Action Plan ..................................................................................................................... 9
5.0 SUBCELL PROGRESSION AND WASTE PLACEMENT ...................................... 10
5.1 Subcell Progression ...................................................................................................... 10
5.2 Waste Placement and Compaction ............................................................................... 11
5.3 Filling Operations ......................................................................................................... 11
5.4 Daily Cover .................................................................................................................. 11
5.5 Intermediate Cover ....................................................................................................... 12
6.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMS.................................................. 12
6.1 Water Quality ............................................................................................................... 12
6.2 Landfill Gas .................................................................................................................. 12
6.2.1 Monitoring Procedure ............................................................................................... 13
6.2.2 Response to Detected Combustible Gases ................................................................ 14
7. EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL REQUIREMENTS .................................. 14
8. RECORD KEEPING REQUIREMENTS .................................................................... 15
9.0 LEACHATE MANAGEMENT PLAN ........................................................................ 15
9.1 Maintenance of the Leachate Collection System ......................................................... 15
9.2 Leachate Generation Records ....................................................................................... 16
9.3 Leachate Monitoring .................................................................................................... 16
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ii
9.4 Leachate Disposal ......................................................................................................... 16
9.5 Contingency Plan for Extreme Conditions ................................................................... 16
10.0 CONTINGENCY PLAN .............................................................................................. 16
10.1 Implementation ............................................................................................................. 17
10.2 Inoperable Periods ........................................................................................................ 17
10.3 Emergency Response Procedures ................................................................................. 17
10.4 Severe Weather Conditions .......................................................................................... 20

APPENDICES

Appendix VI – 1 Random Waste Screening Program Forms
 Form A – Waste Inspection Forms
 US EPA Hazardous Waste Inspection Decision Tree

Appendix VI – 2 Leachate Agreement

Appendix VI – 3 Title V Air Quality Permit

Appendix VI – 4 Type 1 Yard Waste Composting – Operations Manual

DRAWINGS

Drawing No. OP-T Title Sheet
Drawing No. OP-L Legend and General Notes
Drawing No. OP-01 Existing Conditions
Drawing No. OP-02 Site Development Plan
Drawing No. OP-03 Five year Phasing Plan

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1.0 GENERAL

This operations plan describes how the design and construction plans will be implemented
during the life of the facility. The plan consists of drawings and accompanying text that illustrate
existing conditions, cell progression, waste placement and daily operations, leachate
management, special waste management, and environmental monitoring.

The Tuscarora Landfill is owned and operated by CRSWMA. The landfill property is located in
the western portion of Craven County, North Carolina, between Tuscarora and Cove City and is
identified as Solid Waste Facility Permit #25-09. There is one waste disposal unit of 101 acres.
The waste disposal unit consists of two closed areas - the Interim Regional Landfill (IRL - 20.2
acres) and Phase 1 (20.5 acres); Phase 2 (17.2 acres) -temporary closure; the Phase 3 an active
disposal area (19.7 acres); and the Phase 4 expansion (23.4 acres). Phases 5 and 6 are planned as
vertical expansions. Phase 1 received a permit to operate on August 25, 1999 and Phase 2
received a permit to operate on May 8, 2006. Placement of waste in Phase 2 began in February
of 2007. Phase 2 which has reached capacity and was closed during the fall of 2013. Phase 3 was
open for disposal on May 9, 2013. It is currently the active disposal area, and is expected to
reach capacity in spring 2019.

Currently, an average of 700 tons of waste is managed daily at the site, approximately two thirds
of which is municipal solid waste and one third construction and demolition debris. The facility
is open six days per week. Yard wastes and storm debris are collected and composted at the site,
and scrap tires are collected for off-site recycling or disposal. Ancillary structures including a
scalehouse and a maintenance building are also on the site.

2.0 OPERATIONS DRAWINGS

2.1 Existing Conditions

Closed Areas
The closed portions of the landfill which include the IRL (20.2 acres), Phase 1 (20.5 acres), and
Phase 2 (17.2 acres) have an active landfill gas collection system consisting of 59 extraction
wells and a buried HDPE pipe network. The landfill gas is routed to an electricity generating
facility onsite which is owned and operated by INGENCO Wholesale Power, LLC, or a utility
open flare for control. A modulating valve was installed on October 27, 2015 and placed in
commission on October 29, 2015. The valve was installed on the header line after the knock out
pot. This valve will allow both the flare and generator to operate simultaneously and maintain
constant vacuum on the landfill. The Tuscarora Landfill has been issued a Title V Operating
Permit by the Division of Air Quality (Air Permit #09755T01).

Leachate collected from the closed portions of the landfill is pumped into the leachate lagoons
west of the landfill.

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Active Area
Waste filling is currently under way in Phase 3, a 19.7 acre area adjoining Phase 2 to the north.
Truck access to Phase 3 is provided by a road up the south side of the IRL and across the east
side of Phase 1 and Phase 2. Perimeter road around the landfill allows personnel access to
maintain and operate the facility.

The Phase 3 base grades slope from south to north, with two sumps located at the north side of
the cell to collect leachate. Leachate is pumped through a 4” dual contained HDPE forcemain
into the leachate lagoons.

Other On-site Facilities
Other on-site development consists of a scale house and office, maintenance garage, a yard
waste/storm debris composting facility, tire collection, inert debris disposal, and a public
convenience center area. See Drawing OP-1 for an illustration of existing conditions at the site.

2.2 Proposed Development

Three additional phases (Phases 4, 5 and 6) of development for municipal solid waste disposal
are proposed. The proposed development is located in areas that have previously been designated
as suitable for landfill development. Development of the Phase 4 will complete the footprint with
an expansion to the south of Phase 3 and east of Phase 2. The final two phases will be vertical
expansions. Development in accordance with the phasing plan will allow portions of the landfill
side slopes to be closed at various times during its projected operating life.

The on-site soil resources, usage, and balances are shown by phase in the Facility Plan. The
deficit of soil during the operation of Phase 3 can be satisfied by borrowing soil from on-site
borrow areas or from off-site locations such as the Martin Marietta quarry. Overall, based on
conceptual design volumes, there is an estimated soil requirement over the life of the facility of
approximately 1,098,240 cubic yards.

2.3 Operations

The progression of operations is presented on Drawing No. OP-03. This drawing includes the
progression of initial waste placement, transition contours and final contours.

3.0 GENERAL OPERATING CONDITIONS

3.1 Hours of Operation

The landfill is open to private waste haulers and the public from 7:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. Monday
through Friday, and on Saturday from 7:30 a.m. to 2:00 p.m. Three holidays are observed;
Thanksgiving, Christmas and New Year’s Day.

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3.2 Site Access and Safety

Access to the landfill is controlled through a single access road with a secure gate to prevent
access when the landfill is not open. Other access roads located around the perimeter of the
landfill are used for logging purposes with any entry points into the landfill being gated. A sign
containing information required in Rule .1626(6)(e) (i.e., dumping procedures, hours, permit
number, etc.) is posted at the landfill entrance. During operating hours, traffic is routed from the
entrance gate and scale house to a paved and gravel road leading to the disposal area.
Directional signs and speed limit signs are posted to provide traffic control. The road is
maintained so that it is passable during all weather conditions. An attendant is on duty at the
scale house at all times during operating hours.

3.3 Acceptable Waste

The landfill will accept only those solid wastes included in the current permit, including
household, commercial and industrial solid wastes. These are defined in Rules .0532 and .1602
as follows:

 Household waste means any solid waste derived from households including single and
multiple residences, hotels and motels, bunkhouses, ranger stations, crew quarters,
campgrounds, picnic grounds, and day-use recreation areas.

 Commercial solid waste means all types of solid waste generated by stores, offices,
restaurants, warehouses, and other non-manufacturing activities, excluding residential and
industrial wastes.

 Industrial solid waste means solid waste generated by manufacturing or industrial processes
that is not a hazardous waste regulated under Subtitle C of RCRA. Such waste may include,
but is not limited to, waste resulting from the following manufacturing processes: electric
power generation; fertilizer/agricultural chemicals; food and related products/by-products;
inorganic chemicals; iron and steel manufacturing; leather and leather products; nonferrous
metals manufacturing/ foundries; organic chemicals; plastics and resins manufacturing; pulp
and paper industry; rubber and miscellaneous plastic products; stone, glass, clay, and
concrete products; textile manufacturing; transportation equipment; and water treatment.
This term does not include mining waste or oil and gas waste.

 Construction and Demolition Debris Waste means solid waste generated solely from the
construction, remodeling, repair, or demolition operations on pavement and building
structures.

 Land Clearing and Inert Debris means solid waste created during land clearing including
untreated wood, yard trash, uncontaminated soils and rock.

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On or before August 1 of each year, CRSWMA will report to the Solid Waste Section the
amount of waste received in tons at this facility and disposed in the landfill units. Data will be
transmitted on forms prescribed by the Section. The report will include the following:

 The reporting period shall be for the previous year beginning July 1 and ending on June 30.
 The amount of waste received and landfilled in tons, compiled on a monthly basis by county
or transfer station of origin and by specific waste type if diverted to a specific unit within the
permitted facility; and
 The completed report shall be forwarded to the Regional Waste Management Specialist for
the facility. A copy of the completed report shall be forwarded to the County Manager of
each county from which waste was received.

3.4 Prohibited Waste

A sign is posted at the landfill gate (see Section 2.2 above) that reads "No hazardous or liquid
waste accepted without written permission from the Division of Solid Waste Management". The
landfill will not accept:

 Hazardous waste as defined within 15A NCAC 13A, including hazardous waste from
conditionally exempt small quantity generators;

 Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) wastes as defined in 40 CFR 761;

 Liquid wastes Rule .1626(9) (i.e., any waste material that is determined to contain "free
liquids" as defined by SW-846 Method 9095 (Paint Filter Liquids Test), unless the waste is
household waste other than septic waste or waste oil, or leachate or gas condensate derived
from the landfill; and

 Barrels and drums unless they are empty and sufficiently perforated to ensure that no liquid
or hazardous waste is contained therein, except fiber drums containing asbestos;

 Motor vehicle oil filters;

 Recyclable rigid plastic bottles;

 Wooden pallets;

 Discarded computer equipment and televisions (effective July 1, 2011);

 Other wastes specifically banned from landfill disposal by rule or statute, such as lead acid
batteries.

CRSWMA will notify the Division within 24 hours of attempted disposal of any waste the
landfill is not permitted to receive, including waste from outside the area the landfill is permitted
to serve. The waste-screening program is described later in this Operation Plan.

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3.5 Special Wastes

The landfill handles the following "special wastes" as described below.

Scrap Tires
The scrap tires are collected in a dedicated area and stored on-site where they can be loaded
directly into trailers for off-site processing. Contracts with tire processors may vary from year to
year. The current processor is Central Carolina Tire Disposal, 1616 McKoy Town Road,
Cameron, North Carolina 28326. Tire collection must comply with the Rule .1107, Scrap Tire
Collection Site Operational Requirements.

Yard Waste/Storm Debris
Yard waste and storm debris are accepted at this facility, but are not disposed of in the landfill.
This waste stream is processed in the composting area (Permit #25-11), where it is chipped,
shredded, and placed in windrows for composting. The operations manual for the Type 1 yard
waste composting permit (Permit #25-11) is attached in Appendix VI – 4. The final product is
sold to the public.

Animal Carcasses
Animal carcasses, slaughterhouse or hatchery waste, or other animal waste received will be
immediately buried and covered with a layer of soil, followed by non-putrescible municipal solid
waste.

Asbestos
Asbestos waste received shall be managed in accordance with 40 CFR 61. The waste will be
covered immediately with soil in a manner that will not cause airborne conditions and must be
disposed of separate and apart from other solid wastes, either at the bottom of the working face,
or in an area not contiguous with other disposal areas.

Sludge
Wastewater treatment sludges may be accepted for disposal if the waste is utilized as a soil
conditioner and incorporated or applied onto the vegetative growth layer, but in no greater than
six inches in depth, or (ii) if the facility meets all design requirements contained within Rule
.1624, and approved within the permit, or has been previously approved as a permit condition.

Oyster Shells
Oyster shells are collected at the public convenience center and recycled.

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Wood Pallets
Pallets are shredded and used as road bed material as necessary on the landfill working face.
CRSWMA occasionally supplies woodchips from pallets to a nearby energy plant as an
alternative fuel source.

White Goods
A collection container for White Goods is located at the public convenience center. White goods
are the responsibility of Craven County. The white goods collection container is removed and replaced
by the County as needed. Chlorofluorocarbon refrigerant removal is not the responsibility of the
Authority. No Chlorofluorocarbon refrigerant is removed at the facility.

3.6 Litter Control

Prompt compaction of waste at the working face is the primary method used to control blowing
litter. Also, temporary fences are provided to contain windblown material during operations. In
addition, landfill personnel pick up windblown litter at the conclusion of each day of operation
and as needed along the access road and in locations around the active disposal area. The facility
purchased a trailer mounted vacuum unit in 2002 to facilitate pick-up of windblown litter.

3.7 Equipment

The following list of equipment is currently in use at the landfill.

Type Status Quantity
Compactor Active 2
Compactor Reserve 2
Dozer Active 1
Dozer Reserve 1
Excavator Active 2
Off-road Dump Truck Active 1
Loader Active 2
Motor Grader Active 1
Tractor Active 1
Water Truck Active 1
Vacuum Active 1
Fuel Truck Active 1

As the waste stream changes during the operational life of the facility, equipment needs will be
periodically reviewed and additional equipment purchased or leased as needed. New equipment
will be phased in as older equipment is retired.

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3.8 Air Quality

Open burning of solid waste including yard waste and brush is prohibited at the landfill. Burning
of brush and/or stumps would only be requested on an infrequent basis in conjunction with
clearing or construction events, if at all. Open burning will not be done without prior approval
from Division of Air Quality and local fire department and will be subject to subject to the
requirements of Rule .1626(5)(b).

The facility operates an active landfill gas collection and control system. Operations of the
landfill gas collection and control system is regulated by the Division of Air Quality (DAQ).
The Tuscarora Landfill operates under Air Permit #09755T01, which is included as Appendix
VI-3.

3.9 Dust, Odor, Fire and Vector Control

Dusty road surfaces will be sprayed with water or leachate from the existing on-site leachate
storage lagoons from a water truck during windy, dry weather. The working face of the landfill
may also be sprayed with leachate from the existing on-site leachate storage lagoons via a water
truck during windy, dry weather. Odors and disease vectors will be controlled by promptly
covering the waste at the working face, and by the use of daily cover. Daily cover is described in
more detail in a Section 5.4 of this Plan.

The following Operational Conditions shall be implemented to use leachate from the existing
leachate storage lagoon as dust control:

 Using leachate for dust control is not an approved approach to dispose of leachate required
by the Rule .0162(12)(d);
 The leachate to be used for dust control must come from the existing on-site leachate storage
lagoons, not imported from other sources including off-site areas;
 Within the waste disposal areas the leachate can only be sprayed on working face which is
100 feet away from the edge of the waste footprints and/or haul roads which are 150 feet
away from the edge of the waste footprints;
 The leachate may be transported by a water truck, must be sprayed by a control manner that
will not cause a nuisance to the environment and airborne emission of pollutants, and must
not be applied near people, animals, equipment, or vehicles;
 Odors and disease vectors becoming concerns resulting from spraying leachate must be
controlled by promptly covering the waste at the working face by using daily cover;
 The amount of leachate to be sprayed on the working face and road surface must be properly
designed and managed so that the following conditions shall not be observed:
a) Muddy and rutting surface conditions.
b) Runoff or sheet flow on the surfaces.
c) Seepage on the side slopes.
 No leachate shall be applied on less than one lift (10 feet) of wastes and be sprayed on
working face and haul road when it is raining and the weather condition is not favorable to
the practice such as strong windy condition;

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 Leachate will be sprayed on working face or haul road during daylight hours only; and
 Records will be kept, including:
a) Daily/weekly record of leachate generated and used for dust control.
b) Weather conditions and other pertinent daily information when the leachate is used as
dust suppressant.

Incoming waste loads shall be observed by site operators for evidence of fire, such as flames,
smoke, or the odor of burning material. Burning loads will be extinguished before dumping if
possible. If there is evidence of fire in the landfill itself, the CRSWMA Director will be notified
immediately. If possible, the waste will be removed or segregated from other waste in the
disposal area. The landfill operator will evaluate the situation to determine whether the fire can
be extinguished using fire extinguishers or equipment present at the site, or if off-site equipment
will be needed. If necessary, the local fire department will be called to render assistance in
extinguishing the fire. The Division of Waste Management Rule .1626(5)(d) requires that the
fires that occur at the landfill will be reported verbally to the Division within 24 hours and in
writing within 15 days.

Fire extinguishers shall be located on each piece of equipment on site (Rule. 1626(5)(c)).
Equipment operators shall be trained in the use of these extinguishers. Fire extinguishers will be
used for small, localized fires. A stockpile of soil shall be maintained near the working face to
be used for extinguishing small surface fires that may be too large to control with the fire
extinguishers carried on the landfill equipment.

Emergency equipment will be called in the case of fires too large to be extinguished with fire
extinguishers or soil as described above. Water contained in the sedimentation ponds can be
used in an emergency to aid local firefighters in extinguishing large fires.

Owners and operators of municipal solid waste landfills must prevent and control on-site
populations of disease vectors such as rodents, insects, or other animals capable of transmitting
disease to humans (Rule .1626(3)).

3.10 Scavenging/Salvaging

The unauthorized removal of waste and scavenging at the landfill is prohibited. The general
public is not allowed to scavenge items from the working face. Landfill personnel may remove
recyclable salvageable materials and process them.

4.0 RANDOM WASTE SCREENING PROGRAM

4.1 Authority

CRSWMA has developed this "Random Waste Screening Program" in accordance with North
Carolina's Solid Waste Management Regulations, Rule .1626(1)(f). Key elements of Rule
.1626(1)(f) addressing waste screening are as follows:

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No hazardous or liquid wastes as defined in 15A NCAC 13A, or materials shall be accepted at
the landfill, except as specifically authorized by the facility permit or by the Division. The
owner or operator shall implement an inspection program to detect and prevent disposal of
hazardous and liquid wastes and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB). This program shall include, at
a minimum:

 Random inspections of incoming loads unless the owner or operator takes other steps to
ensure that incoming loads do not contain regulated hazardous or liquid wastes or PCB
wastes;
 Records of any inspections;
 Training of facility personnel to recognize regulated hazardous waste, liquid waste, and PCB
wastes; and
 Development of a contingency plan to properly manage any identified hazardous and/or
liquid wastes.

4.2 Random Selection

Random selection of vehicles to be inspected will be conducted on a regular basis. The selection
may be at least one vehicle per week, but not less than one percent by weight of the waste stream
based on the previous week’s total. The personnel conducting the inspection will randomly select
the load at the working face. A random truck and time will be selected (e.g., the tenth load after
10:00 a.m.) on the day of inspections.

4.3 Record Keeping

Report forms for record-keeping purposes are included in Appendix VI-1. These forms are
completed at each inspection. All reports and resulting correspondence are maintained at the
CRSWMA Landfill office for the life of the landfill and during the post-closure period.

4.4 Training

The Landfill Operations Manager and/or staff from the Department of Solid Waste who are
trained to identify and manage MSW waste and hazardous and liquid waste will supervise
inspections. Landfill operators, recycling attendants, and landfill clerks responsible for screening
waste will be properly trained to identify hazardous and liquid waste.

4.5 Inspection Site

Inspections will be conducted in a designated area near the working face of the landfill.

4.6 Action Plan

The following action plan details the procedure for conducting random waste inspections.

1) Dump single load in prepared area. Detain truck and driver until inspection is completed.

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2) Spread waste with compactor and/or hand tools as appropriate. Hand rake loads that
include large closed containers to avoid possible rupturing of the containers. Have appropriate
safety equipment present. Minimum safety equipment will include:

 Rubber gloves;
 Rubber boots;
 Safety glasses; and
 Long handled hoe.

3) Examine waste for excluded waste and/or safety hazards:

 Containers labeled hazardous;
 Excessive or unusual moisture;
 Regulated biomedical (red bag) waste;
 Powders, dusts, smoke, vapors, or chemical odors;
 Sludges, pastes, slurries, or bright colors (such as dyes); and
 Unauthorized out-of-area waste.

4) Take appropriate action(s) as follows:

 Incorporate acceptable waste into working face.
 Hold suspect waste for identification by on-site personnel and, if necessary, confirmation
by others such as a contract laboratory, hazardous waste management firm, or state
and/or federal regulator.
 Interview driver and hauler to identify the source of suspect waste in the load.
 Hold rejected hazardous or liquid waste for generator.
 Arrange for hazardous or liquid waste collection by licensed collector.

5) Document Actions:

 Record Inspection.
 Retain Reports.
 Report hazardous, liquid, or PCB wastes to Solid Waste Section – NC DEQ.

5.0 SUBCELL PROGRESSION AND WASTE PLACEMENT

5.1 Subcell Progression

The method of filling shall be the area method in accordance with the filling sequence shown on
Drawing OP-3.

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Uncontaminated stormwater can be collected and removed along the southern portion of the
Phase 4 which will be separated from the nothern portion by a berm. Stormwater will be pumped
from the collection area into the stormwater channels that conveys flow into a sediment basin.

5.2 Waste Placement and Compaction

The waste will be tipped in the active subcell as closely as possible to the working face, then
pushed to the desired area. The daily working face will be maintained so as to provide space for
several trucks to unload at the same time. The width of the working face will vary depending on
the rate of waste acceptance on a given day, weather conditions and other factors, but will be
maintained as small as practicable. The waste will be compacted as described below with the
compactor (see equipment list earlier in this report).

To minimize the chance of damage to the liner in any new subcell, the initial lift of waste will be
at least 5 feet thick, and will consist of mostly residential, non-bulky waste. Compaction will be
minimal because later lifts will surcharge the initial lift so that there is no net loss of density.
Typical compaction procedures on lifts above the initial one will involve placement of waste in
thin layers (1-2 feet thick) as flat as is practical. The compactor will roll across and slightly past
the waste (to prevent wind-blown material leaving from the edge of the lift) a minimum of three
times. Waste density calculation will be reviewed periodically, and operational procedures may
be revised to improve the efficiency of the site.

5.3 Filling Operations

Each lift of waste shall be approximately 13 feet thick, which will be covered weekly with six-
inch layer of soil. The waste to soil volume ratio is approximately 26:1. Daily cover is discussed
below.

5.4 Daily Cover

At the end of each day's operation, compacted waste in the subcell shall be covered with either a
minimum six inches of soil, or an approved alternative daily cover (ADC) as required in Rule
.1626(2)(b). When soil is used, at least two passes of heavy equipment will be made over the
area to provide adequate soil compaction. Waste may be covered more frequently than once per
day if necessary to control fires, odors, or blowing litter.

As an alternate daily cover to soil, an Enviro™ Cover System (or equivalent) manufactured by
EPI Environmental Technologies, Inc. (EPI) may be used to cover waste for up to one week. At
least once per week, soil will be used as daily cover as prescribed in the facility’s permit to
operate. Following a trial period, CRSWMA was granted permission by the Solid Waste
Section to use a degradable plastic film as an approved alternate daily cover in October 2000.
The 2-mil film will be deployed by 16 foot wide rolls from an applicator attached to the dozer
blade. The applicator, manufactured by In-Line Plastics, Inc. (the predecessor to EPI), also
includes a hopper from which sand is dropped as ballast to hold the film in-place. In periods of
high wind, more sand will be used as ballast, and in the occurrence of storm events, soil cover is

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used. The film is deployed down the slope of the working face, with a 2 foot overlap on each
side.

The following conditions apply to the use of alternate daily cover:

 The alternative daily cover, an Enviro™ Cover System (or equivalent), in lieu of a 6-inch soil
material must be used to cover wastes at the end of each day’s operation for up to 5
consecutive days. In the end of the fifth day, a 6-inch soil material must be used as daily
cover; and
 The 6-inch soil material shall be used as daily cover material in the occurrence of inclement
weather conditions (including strong wind and storm events).

5.5 Intermediate Cover

In areas where another lift of waste will not be placed for at least 12 months, an additional 6
inches of soil shall be placed over the daily cover for a total of 12 inches of intermediate cover
(Rule .1626(2)(c)). Provisions for a vegetative ground cover sufficient to restrain erosion in
accordance with Rule .1626(7)(c) shall be carried out within 30 working days or 120 calendar
days following completion of each phase of development.

6.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMS

6.1 Water Quality

The water quality-monitoring program for groundwater and surface water is described in the
Design Hydrogeological Report in Volume 3 of Phase 3 expansion application.

6.2 Landfill Gas

Active Landfill Gas Collection and Control

Operations of the active landfill gas system are regulated by the Rule .1626 (4). The Tuscarora
Landfill Operates the gas system under Air Quality Permit No. 09755T01 which is provided as
Appendix VI-3 of the Operations Plan.

Monitoring for Explosion Hazards

To protect public health and safety in the vicinity of the landfill, landfill gas produced by the
decomposition of refuse will be controlled and monitored during the operational, closure, and
post- closure periods. The following regulatory levels must be maintained:

 The concentration of methane gas generated is not to exceed 25 percent of the lower
explosive limit (LEL) for methane in on-site structures (excluding gas control or recovery
system components); and

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 The concentration of methane gas is not to exceed the LEL for methane at the facility
property boundary.

Gas monitoring will be conducted during the active life of the landfill and throughout the closure
and post-closure periods to ensure compliance with the regulatory limits. At a minimum,
quarterly monitoring of explosive gases will be conducted in on-site structures. Currently these
structures include the scalehouse, a maintenance building, an office, and storage shed. If
additional structures are built, the monitoring program will be expanded to include the new
structures.

The Tuscarora Landfill does not have the potential for subsurface methane migration since the
base grades of the landfill are elevated above the existing ground in order to achieve the required
separation from groundwater. Therefore, the waste and the generation of landfill gas is occurring
above-ground and any lateral migration from the landfill would release the gas to the atmosphere
within the landfill property boundary. Additionally, the water table, which is near ground
surface, and the ditches around the landfill hold water year around, serve as a barrier to
subsurface migration. However, quarterly landfill gas monitoring will include probes GP-6, GP
7 and GP-8 for continued monitoring of the IRL and Phase 1 of the Tuscarora Landfill for
potential subsurface migration. Landfill gas monitoring probes GP-2, GP-3, GP-4 and GP-5 will
no longer be monitored for landfill gas migration. GP-8 has replaced GP-2 and GP-3 as a more
acceptable location for monitoring at the property boundary southwest of the IRL. GP-4 and GP
5 are located to the south of the IRL, centrally located away from the property boundary, and no
longer satisfy the requirements of monitoring for landfill gas migration toward the property
boundary. Finally, fifteen bar-hole probes (hand-driven hole approximately 0.5-inch by 2.5 to 4-
feet deep) surrounding the parameter of Phases 2, 3 and 4 are monitored quarterly.

6.2.1 Monitoring Procedure

Record Keeping: The operator will record the date, time, location, sampling personnel,
atmospheric temperature, reported barometric pressure, and general weather conditions at the
time of sampling, in addition to the concentration of combustible gases. The records will be
maintained in the landfill operating record.

On-site Structures: Gas monitoring in on-site structures will attempt to identify the "worst case"
concentrations. Monitoring will be conducted at the earliest possible time after the structure has
been unused (e.g., a morning after a weekend or holiday). The monitoring locations will be in
corners along floors and ceilings, at cracks in the floor, and at other areas likely to accumulate
gas. Gas monitoring will also be conducted in any confined space requiring the entry of
personnel for maintenance or inspection. The monitoring will take place prior to entry by
personnel in accordance with OSHA regulations.

Equipment: A portable combustible gas monitor, measuring the concentration of combustible
gases in units of percent of lower explosive limit, shall be used to conduct gas monitoring.
Lower explosive limit (LEL) means the lowest percent by volume of a mixture of combustible
gas in air that will propagate a flame at 25 degrees Celsius and atmospheric pressure. The gas

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monitor shall be calibrated to methane using the manufacturer's calibration kit and procedure
before the monitoring activities begin.

6.2.2 Response to Detected Combustible Gases

The regulatory (Rule .1626(4)) action levels for combustible gas monitoring in gas detection
probes are 100% LEL at the facility boundary and 25% LEL in on-site structures. Readings
exceeding the regulatory action levels shall be reported immediately. The Authority will notify
the North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality (NC DEQ), formerly known as North
Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Solid Waste Section in writing and
will take immediate steps to ensure safety and protection of human health.

At a minimum, the following actions will be taken if the methane concentration exceeds 25% in
any structure:

 Put out all smoking materials and turn off all ignition sources;
 Evacuate all personnel;
 Vent the structure;
 Do not allow personnel to reenter the building except to perform gas monitoring until the
results of additional monitoring indicate that methane concentrations are sustained or
stabilized below 25% LEL;
 Begin continuous monitoring within the structure; and
 Undertake an assessment to determine the origin and pathways of the gas migration.

Within seven days of detection (Rule .1626(4)(c)(ii)), the monitoring results will be placed in the
Operating Record and the Authority will indicate actions taken and actions proposed to resolve
the problem. Within 60 days of detection (iii), the Authority will develop and implement a
landfill gas remediation plan for the combustible gas releases and notify the Division that the
plan has been implemented. The plan will describe the nature and extent of the problem and the
proposed remedy.

The Operator will also use monitoring action levels of 15% LEL in structures. If the monitoring
action level is exceeded in structures, options will be evaluated to permanently reduce the current
levels and to prevent a further increase in gas levels in the structures.

7. EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL REQUIREMENTS

Erosion and sediment control features have been designed in accordance with all applicable
requirements, as will all future structures. As required, the facility will be operated in a manner
which will not cause a discharge of pollutants into waters of the United States, including
wetlands, that violates any requirements of the Clean Water Act, including, but not limited to,
the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) requirements, pursuant to
Section 402. The facility will not cause the discharge of a nonpoint source of pollution to waters
of the United States, including wetlands, that violates any requirement of an area-wide or State-

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wide water quality management plan that has been approved under Section 208 or 319 of the
Clean Water Act, as amended.

Surface water shall be diverted from the operational area and shall not be impounded over or in
waste. Drainage structures and embankment slopes are regularly inspected for erosion, and
maintained as needed. The vegetation on the slopes is mowed at least once a year. These slopes
are maintained with reseeding, fertilizer, and other means, as necessary, to promote a healthy
stand of vegetation.

8. RECORD KEEPING REQUIREMENTS

The following records will be maintained in the Operating Record at the landfill office and made
available to the Division upon request:
 The operating permit and pertinent correspondence;  Operation Plan;  Emergency Response Plan;  Inspection records, waste determination records, and training procedures for waste
screening programs;  Amounts by weight of solid waste received at the facility, including the source of generation;  Gas monitoring plan, monitoring results and any remediation plans developed in
accordance with Division requirements if required as a response to elevated gas concentrations;  Water Quality Monitoring Plan and any demonstration, certification, finding, monitoring,
testing, or analytical data required by the water quality monitoring program at the site;  Required cost estimates and financial assurance documentation;  Closure and Post-Closure Plans;  Leachate generation and disposal quantities (including the amount used as dust suppressant); and
 Safety training records.

9.0 LEACHATE MANAGEMENT PLAN

9.1 Maintenance of the Leachate Collection System

The operator will conduct weekly visual inspections of the leachate collection and storage
system and perform maintenance as required. Leachate levels in the storage lagoons will be
monitored at least weekly and after storm events to assess the need for leachate removal and
hauling. Cleanouts are provided to allow access to the leachate collection system. Water under
pressure has been and will continue to be introduced through these cleanouts periodically as
preventive maintenance of the piping system. Mechanical equipment or chemical cleaning agents
may also be used to mitigate clogging. Maintenance needs will be re-evaluated if there is an
unexpected decrease or increase in leachate production rates.

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9.2 Leachate Generation Records

CRSWMA maintains records of leachate hauled from the leachate pond at the landfill to the
wastewater treatment plant. Records will be maintained at the landfill throughout the operating
life and during the post-closure care period. In addition to leachate generation quantities, the
Landfill maintains analytical data from leachate sampling events.

9.3 Leachate Monitoring

Leachate sampling point is a manhole on the east side of Phase 1, located near the northwest
corner of the closed Craven County landfill. The sampling location is shown on Drawing OP-01.
The chemical composition of untreated leachate generated will be analyzed, at a minimum, semi-
annually, concurrent with water quality sampling. The leachate will be analyzed for the
Detection Monitoring constituents (EPA Appendix I list from Subtitle D) as well as pH, specific
conductance, BOD, COD, phosphate, nitrate and sulfate. Test results will be submitted to the
Solid Waste Section.

9.4 Leachate Disposal

Leachate will continue to be collected on site and stored in the existing on-site leachate storage
lagoons. At this time, the lagoons’ leachate levels are lowered periodically for transport by
tanker truck to the City of New Bern Wastewater Treatment Facility. An agreement to pump
leachate through a sewer pipe to the City of New Bern Wastewater Treatment Facility will be in
effect by summer 2016. As the sewer line is completed, record drawings will be provided to the
Solid Waste Section as they come available at the completion of the project. This newest
agreement was put in place for the force-main project. Under this agreement, the lagoons’
leachate levels will be controlled by pumping it through the constructed sewer pipe to the City of
New Bern Wastewater Treatment Facility. A copy of the new leachate agreement is provided in
Appendix VI-2 of the Operations Plan. Appendix VI-2 also includes copies of the current and
past approval documentation from the receiving plant.

9.5 Contingency Plan for Extreme Conditions

If required, due to extreme conditions, additional hauling capacity will be obtained from
subcontract haulers or by the rental of additional tanker trucks. If for some reason the receiving
facility no longer accepts the leachate, it will be pre-treated to facilitate acceptance, or hauled to
another POTW or commercial pretreatment facility.

10.0 CONTINGENCY PLAN

This section details the Contingency Plan for the CRSWMA Landfill. This plan has been
developed to protect human health and the environment from fires, explosions, or any unplanned
sudden or non-sudden release of hazardous waste to the air, soil, or surface water.

The Landfill Manager and serves as the Primary Emergency Coordinator (PEC). He can be
reached at the following numbers:

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PHONE: [phone]
FAX: [phone]

Depending on the type of emergency, all or some of the following agencies will be notified as
soon as possible:
Emergency Preparedness Agency 911
Fire Department 911
Emergency Medical Services (EMS) 911

10.1 Implementation

If an emergency situation develops at the facility, the person discovering the emergency should
contact the emergency coordinator immediately. The decision to implement the Contingency
Plan depends upon whether or not a situation exists which presents a threat to human health or
the environment. The Contingency Plan should be implemented due to any of the following
situations:
Personnel Injury
Fire
Explosion
Spills
Potential Hazardous Waste

10.2 Inoperable Periods

In the event of equipment breakdown, adequate backup equipment will be available onsite to
maintain operations, or replacement equipment will be brought onsite within 24 hours. Routine
preventative maintenance will be performed on equipment, including: routine inspections,
following manufacturer’s recommendations, and keeping accurate maintenance records.

The landfill will maintain a soil stockpile onsite to be used to repair and maintain roads to ensure
that all-weather access is maintained.

10.3 Emergency Response Procedures

Landfill personnel will be properly trained to respond to emergencies, as described in this
section. In the event of an imminent or actual emergency situation, the following responses will
be implemented, as applicable.
Accident/Injury Response

In the event of an accident or injury, the following procedure will be observed:

1) Notify the PEC immediately;
2) Take action to prevent further injury/damage to personnel or property;
3) Provide emergency first aid;

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4) If the injury is deemed serious, obtain additional medical assistance by notifying EMS. If
medical attention is required but ambulance service is not needed, the injured party should
be transported to a nearby medical facility; and
5) The PEC will investigate the accident to gather the facts and determines the causes of the
accident.

Fire in the Waste

In the event of fire in the waste, the following procedure will be observed:

1) Notify the PEC immediately;
2) If the fire is deemed manageable, the fire will be extinguished by covering the burning
waste with soil;
3) If the fire is deemed unmanageable, the area will be evacuated and the fire department
notified; and
4) Incoming solid waste haulers will not be allowed entrance to the landfill until the fire is
extinguished.

Fire in the Tire Storage Area

In the event of fire in the tire storage area, the following procedure will be observed:

1) Notify the PEC immediately;
2) If the fire is deemed manageable, the fire will be extinguished by covering the burning
waste with soil;
3) Liquid runoff from fire shall be captured within property boundaries;
4) If the fire is deemed unmanageable, the area will be evacuated and the fire department
notified; and
5) Incoming solid waste haulers will not be allowed entrance to the landfill until the fire is
extinguished.

Equipment Fire

In the event of an equipment fire, the following procedure will be observed:

1) The equipment will be evacuated as quickly and safely as possible;
2) Notify the PEC immediately;
3) If there are injured personnel, implement the procedures discussed in the Accident/Injury
Response section;
4) If the fire is deemed manageable, the fire will be extinguished;
5) If the fire is deemed unmanageable, the area will be evacuated and the fire department
notified;
6) Incoming solid waste haulers will not be allowed entrance to the landfill until the fire is
extinguished; and

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7) The PEC will investigate the incident to gather the facts and determine suspected causes
of the fire.

Explosions

In the event of an explosion, the following procedure will be observed:

1) Evacuate the area;
2) Notify the PEC immediately;
3) If there are injured personnel, implement the procedures discussed the Accident/Injury
Response section;
4) If there is a resulting fire, implementation of the procedures discussed in the Fire in the
Waste or Equipment Fire sections;
5) The PEC will investigate the incident to gather the facts and determine suspected causes
of the explosion.

Hazardous and Infectious Waste in Landfill

No hazardous or infectious wastes will be accepted at the site. Vehicles are inspected as stated in
Section 4 – Waste Screening Program.

Explosive Gas Detection

In the event that methane gas levels exceed the limits described in section 6.2 – Landfill Gas, the
following procedure will be observed:

1) Evacuation of the area
2) Notification to the local Fire Marshal
3) Notification to the PEC immediately
4) Venting the structure
5) Intercepting the gas before it reaches the building
6) Notify the County Emergency Preparedness Agency
7) Prepare and implement a remediation plan for methane gas exceedances within 60 days

Spills or Release

In the event of a spill or release, the following procedure will be observed:

1) Notify the PEC immediately;
2) Immediate action will be taken to control/limit the spread of the spill or release;
3) County Emergency Preparedness Agency will be notified;
4) Perform appropriate cleanup procedures; and
5) The PEC will investigate the incident to gather the facts and causes of the spill or release.

VI - Operations Plan Joyce Engineering, Inc.
CRSWMA - Tuscarora Landfill Permit Renewal November 2009
Craven County, North Carolina Rev. December 2015
Rev. April, 2016
20
Evacuation Plan

The PEC is responsible for determining whether or not an emergency situation warrants
evacuation of the facility. If conditions warrant, the following actions will be taken:

1) The PEC gives the evacuation alarm;
2) All personnel (visitors, contractors, and employees) will be assembled at the main gate;
3) Only qualified personnel may reenter the affected area after approval by the emergency
coordinator;
4) The PEC will make a tally of all facility employees, visitors, and contractors;
5) The PEC or a designated representative will notify County Emergency Preparedness
Agency; and
6) Reentry to the affected area will be allowed only after the clear signal is given by the PEC.

Report Requirements

The PEC will notify the Division immediately in the event of a fire or other emergency if that
emergency has potential off-site effects.

Within two weeks of any emergency involving a potential off-site impact, the PEC shall submit
to the Division a written report describing the cause(s) of the emergency, actions taken, results of
actions taken, and an analysis of the success or failure of those actions. A copy of the report
shall be placed in the landfill operating record.

10.4 Severe Weather Conditions

Ice Storms

An ice storm can make access to the landfill dangerous, prevent movement or placement of
periodic cover, and thus, may require closure of the landfill until the ice is removed or melted.

Heavy Rains

Exposed soil surfaces can create a muddy situation in some portions of the landfill during rainy
periods. The control of drainage and use of crushed stone on unpaved roads should provide all-
weather access for the site and promote drainage away from critical areas. In areas where the
aggregate surface is washed away or otherwise damaged, new aggregate should be used for
repair.

Intense rains can affect newly constructed drainage structures such as swales, diversions, cover
soils, and vegetation. After such a rain event, inspection by landfill personnel will be initiated
and corrective measures taken to repair any damage found before the next rainfall.

VI - Operations Plan Joyce Engineering, Inc.
CRSWMA - Tuscarora Landfill Permit Renewal November 2009
Craven County, North Carolina Rev. December 2015
Rev. April, 2016
21
Electrical Storms

The open area of a landfill is susceptible to the hazards of an electrical storm. If necessary,
landfilling activities will be temporarily suspended during such an event. To guarantee the
safety of all field personnel, refuge will be taken in the on-site buildings or in rubber-tired
vehicles.

Windy Conditions

The proposed operational sequence minimizes the occurrence of unsheltered operations relative
to prevailing winds. If this is not adequate during a particularly windy period, work will be
temporarily shifted to a more sheltered area. When this is done, the previously exposed face will
be immediately covered with daily cover.

Violent Storms

In the event of hurricane, tornado, or severe winter storm warning issued by the National
Weather Service, landfill operations may be temporarily suspended until the warning is lifted.
Daily cover will be placed on exposed waste and buildings and equipment will be properly
secured.
(End)

APPENDIX VI – 4
TYPE 1 YARD WASTE COMPOSTING – OPERATIONS MANUAL

PREPARED FOR:

COASTAL REGIONAL SOLID WASTE AUTHORITY
TUSCARORA LONG-TERM REGIONAL LANDFILL
7400 OLD HIGHWAY 70 WEST
TUSCARORA, NC 28523

PERMIT No. 25-11

OPERATIONS MANUAL
COMPOSTING FACILITY

TYPE 1 – YARD WASTE COMPOSTING

DECEMBER 2005
REV. JUNE 2010
REV. DECEMBER 2015
REV. APRIL 2016

PREPARED BY:

9731-F SOUTHERN PINE BLVD
CHARLOTTE, NC 28273
PHONE: [phone]
FAX: [phone]
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Composting Facility Operation Manual i Joyce Engineering, Inc.
CRSWMA, Permit No. 25-11 April 2016

Composting Facility Operational Manual
Coastal Regional Solid Waste Management Authority Tuscarora Landfills
Craven County, North Carolina

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................1
1.1 Purpose .................................................................................................................................1
1.2 Location ................................................................................................................................1
1.3 Contact Person .....................................................................................................................1
1.4 Personnel ...............................................................................................................................1
1.5 Hours ....................................................................................................................................2
2.0 TYPE 1 – YARD WASTE COMPOSTING FACILITY ..................................................2
2.1 Waste Quantities..................................................................................................................2
2.2 Design Considerations .........................................................................................................2
2.2.1 Design Capacities and Product Data ........................................................................2
2.2.2 Site Plan ...................................................................................................................3
2.2.3 Process Flow Diagram .............................................................................................3
2.3 Operations ............................................................................................................................4
2.3.1 General Description .................................................................................................4
2.3.2 Waste Acceptance Rule .1406 (6) ........................................................................5
2.3.3 Safety Requirements Rule .1406 (7) ....................................................................5
2.3.4 Nuisance Control Rule .1405(10)(8) ...................................................................6
2.3.5 Monitoring Requirements Rule .1406 (9) ............................................................6
2.3.6 Temperature Parameters Rule .1406 (10) .............................................................7
2.3.7 Addition of Nitrogen Bearing Materials Rule .1406 (13) .......................................7
2.3.8 Contingency Plans Rule .1405 (c) (1) ..................................................................7
2.3.9 Classification/Distribution of MSW Compost Products Rule .1407 .......................8
2.4 Recordkeeping .....................................................................................................................9
2.4.1 Record Keeping Requirements ................................................................................9
2.4.2 Operating Records .................................................................................................10
2.4.3 Annual Reporting Requirements ...........................................................................10
2.5 All Required Permits .........................................................................................................11
2.6 Equipment Specifications .................................................................................................11

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Composting Facility Operation Manual ii Joyce Engineering, Inc.
CRSWMA, Permit No. 25-11 April 2016

Composting Facility Operation Manual 2015
Coastal Regional Solid Waste Management Authority Tuscarora Landfills
Craven County, North Carolina

TABLE OF CONTENTS CONTINUED

Appendices

Appendix 1 Location Map
Appendix 2 Waste and Product Quantity Data
Appendix 3 Site Plan
Appendix 4 Process Flow Diagrams
Appendix 5 Moisture and Temperature Logs
Appendix 6 Operational Tables
Appendix 7 Information on CRSWMA Composting
Appendix 8 Equipment Specifications

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Composting Facility Operation Manual 1 Joyce Engineering, Inc.
CRSWMA, Permit No. 25-11 April 2016

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Purpose
The purpose of the following document is to provide the information necessary for the
operations of Permit Number 25-11, Yard Waste Composting Facility. The facility is currently
operated by the Coastal Regional Solid Waste Management Authority (CRSWMA). The facility
was last permitted on June 2010 and must be re-permitted every 5 years. The permit number was
changed in 2000 from its original number, No. 25-04, to allow the facility to be regulated
separately from the landfill. The facility is currently permitted compost yard waste (Type 1).

1.2 Location

The facility is located within the property boundaries of the CRSWMA’s Tuscarora site,
immediately adjacent to the now closed Craven County Landfill to the east and to the Tuscarora
Long-Term Regional Landfill to the north. The facility is accessed off of Route 1005,
approximately 2 miles from Tuscarora. A Location Map is included in Appendix 1.

1.3 Contact Person

For actions relative to this permit, the following individual is responsible:
Title: Executive Director
Coastal Regional Solid Waste Management Authority
Address for notification: PO Box 128 or 7400 Old Hwy. 70W
Cove City, NC 28523 New Bern, NC 28560
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]

For contacts with the state for permit changes the following individual should be contacted:
Title: Compost & Land Application Branch Supervisor
Agency: NC DEQ - Division of Waste Management
Composting & Land Application Branch
Mailing Address: 1646 Mail Service Center, Raleigh NC 27699-1646
Physical Address: 217 West Jones Street, Raleigh NC 27603
Phone: [phone]

1.4 Personnel

The facility will be staffed by a compost facility supervisor and one heavy equipment
operators. The facility supervisor will direct traffic, maintain records, and oversee operations.
The heavy equipment operators will operate all equipment and maintain good housekeeping
practices. A scale clerk assists both the landfill and composting operations by maintaining the
weight and billing records.

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Composting Facility Operation Manual 2 Joyce Engineering, Inc.
CRSWMA, Permit No. 25-11 April 2016

1.5 Hours of Operation
The compost facility will operate on the same schedule as the landfill. It will be open
Monday - Friday from 7:30AM - 4:30PM and Saturday 7:30AM - 2:00PM.

2.0 TYPE 1 – YARD WASTE COMPOSTING FACILITY

2.1 Waste Quantities

CRSWMA receives yard waste from the following localities: Craven County, Carteret
County, and Pamlico County and this waste consists of brush, leaves, and other land clearing
debris up to 24" in diameter, small stumps are accepted. Appendix 2 summarizes waste data
available for the facility from July 2005 through October 2015. Based on the data reported, the
facility receives on average 652 tons of brush per month with the lowest tonnage (179 tons)
received in April 2012 and the highest tonnage (9,306 tons) received in October 2011. This spike
in tonnage in 2011 was the result of receiving hurricane Irene debris from Craven County.
Winter months tend to be somewhat lower in tonnage as would be expected.

Accurate records of incoming waste should be kept at the scale house. These records
should differentiate between loads of brush (including all land clearing debris), clean wood and
loads of leaves or grass clippings.

2.2 Design Consideration

2.2.1 Design Capacities and Product Data

For evaluating the facility's design, 652 tons per month or 7,824 tons per year were used.
This material is stockpiled until sufficient material is available to produce a windrow. The
material is ground and passed through a 5/8" screen prior to composting. Material that is greater
than 5/8" becomes woodchips and mulch; material that is smaller than 5/8" is windrowed for
compost. The Appendix 2 summarizes all available tonnage data for the facility. Based on this
data, approximately 99% of the yard waste material is turned into compost and mulch products,
and a negligible amount is sold for wood chips.

The following table summarizes the current utilization at the facility for the composting
operation. As a factor of safety, it was assumed that the density of the product remains the same
as the incoming waste stream.

Total waste stream (by weight) 7,824 tons (annual)
Total waste stream for composting (100%) 7,824 tons
Density (assumed average) 500 lb/cy
Composting waste stream (by volume) 31,296 cubic yards
Cross-section windrow 2' (top) x 18'(base) x 7'(ht) 70 square feet
Total length windrow utilized (maximum) 5,000 feet
Windrow: At half in spring and half in fall 2,500 feet

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Composting Facility Operation Manual 3 Joyce Engineering, Inc.
CRSWMA, Permit No. 25-11 April 2016

At 225' length 10 windrows used
With 18' base and 10' aisle, total acreage utilized 1.45 acres

The facility was originally designed with a working area for the Type 1 facility of 2.6
acres as illustrated in the Site Plan included in Appendix 3. Sufficient room is available for the
operations. Based on the assumed values above, if the Receiving, Grinding, & Screening Area
were relocated it would enable CRSMWA to reach their maximum design capacity for the
composting facility. Currently over half of the work space is utilized. Doubling the current
acreage used, 1.45 acres, would utilize the designed working area of 2.9 acres. By doing so, the
facility can receive a total waste stream (weight) of 12,494 tons annually, a total waste stream for
composting (100%) and use 20 windrows at the current size of each.

Yard waste generation is cyclical with the seasons; however the data collected to date
indicates that the least amount of material provided in one month was 179 tons. Sufficient
materials will be available to continue the process throughout the year. Materials will be
stockpiled as necessary. High nitrogen content wastes such as grass will not be stockpiled and
will be incorporated into the process within 48 hours of receipt or as soon as possible.

The facility does not use any bulking agent and compost is not recycled through the
process. If the County determines that either of these processes is beneficial, DEQ will be
notified prior to implementation.

Appendix 6 contains a table summarizing product quality. The facility currently has the
North Carolina Division of Agriculture analyze the compost on a periodic basis for various
metals, nutrients, pH, soluble salts, C:N ratio and % solids.

2.2.2 Site Plan

A site plan at 1" = 40' is provided in Appendix 3. A complete set of the Record Drawings for the
facility as original designed and constructed is attached to this narrative. The attached drawing
was developed from the Record Drawing provided to CRSMWA by Joyce Engineering, Inc.
(JEI). The original designer of the facility was Malcolm Pirnie, Inc.

2.2.3 Process Flow Diagram

Appendix 4 contains the updated process flow diagram, which illustrates the complete
operation including the type and size of equipment, feedstock flow streams, recommended
operational parameters, monitoring requirements, and final product requirements. The facility
records all data on the incoming and outgoing materials in tonnage. To provide the volumetric
information, as required by DEQ, the operator should determine a bulk density for brush, leaves,
grass, and final product periodically.

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Composting Facility Operation Manual 4 Joyce Engineering, Inc.
CRSWMA, Permit No. 25-11 April 2016

2.3 Operations

2.3.1 General Description

The Type 1 facility has been in operation since 1997. The following discussion on
operations was taken from the original permit with additional detail added as necessary.
Incoming yard waste is weighed and directed to the operational area. The yard waste is
stockpiled until a sufficient quantity is accumulated to form a windrow. On average
approximately 1 windrow could be formed per month. It should be noted that this is a theoretical
maximum as during the operations to date no more than 10 windrows have ever been curing at
one time. The material is run through a Maxi Grinder which can process materials up to 24" or
larger in diameter at a rate of 60 tons/hour. Grinding creates a product with a particle size of
approximately 5/8" for composting after screening. Once ground, the material is formed into
windrows using a front end loader. The windrows are spaced approximately 10 feet apart and
each has a north/south orientation and the following geometry: 7 - 7 1/2 feet high x 18 feet wide
at base x 2 feet wide at top.
Once the windrow is formed, it will be turned several times using a Scarab 18 windrow
turner to mix the materials. The Scarab turner is capable of handling 2,000 tons per hour and is
more than adequate for the facility. If necessary, water will be added as the windrow is
constructed and then periodically during the stabilization process. CRSWMA uses an irrigation
system from the adjacent sediment basins located north of the facility. The pile will be sprayed
as it is turned by the windrow turner on an as needed basis. For optimum composting the
moisture should be maintained between 45% and 60%. Dryer than 45% and the microbial action
is slowed; higher than 60% and the material becomes difficult to handle and difficult to aerate.
Operation records indicate a moisture range of 50% - 65%. A copy of the recommended
moisture log is contained in Appendix 5.
The temperatures are taken at in each quarter of the windrow (4 separate places) or a
minimum of each third (3 separate places). It is suggested that the temperature be controlled by
turning (aerating) to assure that the compostable material is maintained at an optimum range for
decomposition (between 104oF and 113oF) and then allowed to elevate to 131oF where it must
be maintained for a period of 3 consecutive days as required by Rule .1406(10). When the
temperature within the windrow falls below 120 – 130oF during the final stages of composting,
the windrow is turned. Windrow construction and turning frequency will be sufficient to
maintain aerobic conditions to produce a compost product in the desired time frame. Separate
records are kept for each windrow. Once a windrow is constructed, it is assigned an I.D. Number
and folder which are used over the lifespan of the windrow. Every time windrow data is taken, it
is documented and logged in the folder. A log will be kept of all temperature readings, which
includes the location of the probes. A copy of the temperature log is contained in Appendix 5.
Tables have been provided in Appendix 6, to assist in the operations. These tables were
developed by the Compost Council to assist operators with various calculations and parameter
adjustments. The Compost Council's operation manual is incorporated by reference into this
operations manual.

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Composting Facility Operation Manual 5 Joyce Engineering, Inc.
CRSWMA, Permit No. 25-11 April 2016

A nitrogen source is sometimes added to the yard waste if needed to promote the compost
process. CRSWMA uses calcium nitrate when necessary. The calcium nitrate is spread by hand
and mechanically mixed. To date, operations have shown that a 225 foot windrow requires
approximately 25 fifty pound bags.
The process from grinding though stabilization was expected to take 24 weeks, however,
existing operations compost in less than 10 weeks. The final time frame is a function of material
density, material type, moisture and operational controls.
Once the windrow begins to cool indicating stabilization, CRSMWA screens the material
and the larger particles are reused in the process or used as woodchips or mulch. By keeping the
coarser materials in the compost, it enables more oxygen to get into the windrows and produces
more compost in the finished product. The compost is now stockpiled. Depending on the end use
requirements, the compost may be screened again prior to stockpiling if a finer screen is
available. The larger particles would be either reused in the process or used as a coarser product.
If the material is free of sharp particles, has no offensive odor, and has minimal
pathogens, it may be used in an unrestricted way. Prior to marketing the material to the public,
the following testing is recommended by the Compost Council but not required by the State:

Maximum particle size
pH
C:N ratio
Total Nitrogen Soluble salts
Metals as suggested by the Department of Agriculture

Once the compost meets the regulatory requirements for distribution to the public, it can
be released for use. As the public obtains the material they must be given the information
indicated in Section 2.3.9 (c).

2.3.2 Waste Acceptance Rule .1406 (6)

The Type 1 compost facility will accept only grass, leaves, brush, yard waste, and land
clearing debris. No municipal solid waste (MSW), hazardous waste, asbestos containing waste or
medical waste shall be accepted at the facility. CRSWMA accepts yard waste in a non- bagged
state or in approved biodegradable bags. Deliveries are monitored at all sites. CRSWMA
anticipates little contamination of the material.

2.3.3 Safety Requirements Rule .1406 (7)

Open burning of solid waste is prohibited. All equipment will be provided with fire
extinguishers. The windrow turner will have a fire suppression system. Periodic safety meetings
will be held to review safety issues at the site. Personal protective equipment should include
steel toe boots, eye and ear protection and dust masks when appropriate. Site personnel will be
trained in facility specific safety issues as well as general safety issues. The local fire department
would be called should a major fire break out. A minimum of 25 foot distance is required
between composting windrows and other structures to allow adequate access of firefighting
equipment in accordance with Rule .1404 (8).

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Composting Facility Operation Manual 6 Joyce Engineering, Inc.
CRSWMA, Permit No. 25-11 April 2016

2.3.4 Nuisance Control Rule .1405(10)(B)

Sources of noise will be on-site traffic and the facility equipment such as the front-end
loader, Maxi grinder, trommel screen, and windrow turner. Noise can be controlled by
appropriately operating and maintaining equipment. In addition, the facility is located next to a
landfill operation and is buffered from other properties by distance and trees. Employees should
wear hearing protection.

Vectors are animals, insects or other organisms that carry pathogens from one host to
another like rats, flies, birds and mosquitoes. Vectors will be minimized by good housekeeping
practices. The receiving area will be kept clean, water will not be allowed to accumulate and the
drainage areas will be cleaned periodically. Material will be stored based on a "first in/first out"
basis to prevent long term storage. Turning the windrows will also control vector flies and their
larvae. If necessary, a commercial pest control service will be employed.

Dust will be controlled by good housekeeping practices and by dampening loads on the
tipping floor as necessary. Moisture is necessary to enhance the composting process and will be
monitored. Employees should wear dust masks.

Odors will be minimized by maintaining adequate aeration through turning the windrows.

2.3.5 Monitoring Requirements Rule .1406 (9)
Once the windrow is constructed, the pH, temperature and moisture content should be
measured. It is also suggested that the C:N ratio be determined to evaluate the need for the
addition of a nitrogen source. During the composting process pH, O2 (if equipment available),
moisture, and temperature will be monitored periodically. pH should be kept in the range of 5.5 -
8.5. Outside of this range, the biological process is impeded.

Moisture should be kept in the range of 45% - 60%. Water should be added as required to
stay within this range. Moisture, pH, and O2 should be monitored at a minimum weekly.
Temperature will be monitored daily. To monitor temperature, the probe should be inserted 12"-
24" every 50' along the windrow at a 45° - 90° angle.

At the end of the process and prior to marketing the materials to the public, it is
recommended that the following tests be run:
 pH;  C:N;  Total Nitrogen;  Metals (as suggested by the Department of Agriculture);  Soluble Salts; and  Moisture.

These tests are recommended by the Compost Council but not required by the State.
CRSWMA also utilizes the “Hand Test” Method. The test is performed by taking a hand-full of
compost material representative of the windrow and squeezing it. After you open your hand, if

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Composting Facility Operation Manual 7 Joyce Engineering, Inc.
CRSWMA, Permit No. 25-11 April 2016

the material quickly breaks up, then the windrow is too dry. If you can squeeze the material and
water is extracted, then the material is too wet. If squeezed and the material remains cohesive,
then it is good; otherwise, the proper measures should be taken.

To date the NC Department of Agriculture has been running most of these tests for
CRSWMA.

2.3.6 Temperature Parameters Rule .1406 (10)

For Type I facilities, the compost process must be maintained at or above 55°C (131°F)
for 3 consecutive days and aerated to maintain elevated temperatures. Temperature will be
monitored at least twice a week.

2.3.7 Addition of Nitrogen Bearing Materials Rule .1406 (13)

Nitrogen compounds may be added as necessary to adjust the nutrient balance for
optimum product. Only approved waste materials (i.e. grass clippings, leaves) or chemical
compounds may be added. Nitrogen compounds increase odors and if using grass clippings, the
material should be incorporated into the process immediately upon receipt.
To determine if nitrogen is necessary, the carbon to nitrogen ratio should be calculated.
For proper composting, this ratio should be greater than 25:1, but less than 40:1 at the start of
composting. Incoming materials have the following estimated ratios:

Grass clippings 12 - 15:1
Dry leaves 40:1
Paper and wood 200:1
Sawdust 200 - 500:1
Thus, adjustment may be necessary after grinding, screening and blending the feed stock
materials.
2.3.8 Contingency Plans Rule .1405 (c) (1)

A. Equipment: The four major pieces of equipment that are required for operations
includes the grinder, windrow turner, trommel screen, and the front-end loader.
These shall be maintained in accordance with the manufacturers' recommendations.
If the grinder or screen breaks down, waste shall be stockpiled until the grinder is
repaired. If there is a need for a grinder, one can be rented. If the windrow turner
breaks down, the windrows can be turned with the front-end loader. If the front-end
loader breaks down, one will be rented from a local contractor.
B. Air Pollution: Dust and odor are the two primary air pollutants. Dust will be
controlled through proper moisture control and odor will be controlled through
proper aeration.

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Composting Facility Operation Manual 8 Joyce Engineering, Inc.
CRSWMA, Permit No. 25-11 April 2016

C. Nonconforming Waste: Nonconforming waste shall be taken to the landfill
assuming no hazardous materials or asbestos-bearing materials are present.
D. Spills: Spills are not expected. Potential spills would include maintenance fluids for
equipment, and fuel. Appropriate precautions will be taken to assure that equipment
is serviced correctly to minimize spills or discharges. Should oil or gas spill onto
the area, it shall be absorbed immediately and the absorbent disposed of
appropriately. Major equipment maintenance and repairs are handled in the on-site
maintenance garage. Off-spec product, incomplete compost, or compost which
might spill off the curing pad will be collected and returned to the appropriate
location.

E. Fires, noise, vectors, odors are discussed under Section 2.3.4. Unusual traffic
conditions shall be controlled by on-site personnel and the Craven County Sheriff’s
Department if necessary.
F. Adverse weather conditions: The primary adverse weather conditions facing the
CRSWMA facility include wind and rain. During periods of heavy wind, grinding
and windrow turning will not be conducted and the top of the windrow will be kept
moist to prevent blowing material. During periods of heavy rain, compost grinding
and screening operations are not carried out in the rain. The operator monitors the
site frequently to assure that stormwater controls are adequate and maintains the
site as possible. During mild rainfalls, the operator may want to turn the windrow to
incorporate moisture into the materials.

2.3.9 Classification/Distribution of MSW Compost Products Rule .1407

A. Requirements

For unrestricted use, the finished Type I compost must meet the following criteria:

 Minimal pathogenic organisms
 Free from offensive odors
 Containing no sharp particles

If these criteria are met then the finished compost material will be marketed to local
landscape firms and to residents of CRSWMA's member counties. CRSWMA transports some of
the finished product to the transfer stations in Carteret and Pamlico Counties where it is
convenient for residents and businesses located there to access.

B. Sampling

Prior to marketing the material to the public, a composite sample of the material should
be obtained and the tested for the parameters outlined under Section 2.3.5. It is recommended

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Composting Facility Operation Manual 9 Joyce Engineering, Inc.
CRSWMA, Permit No. 25-11 April 2016

that a copy of the test results and recommendations from the Department of Agriculture,
Agronomic Division be provided to each individual using the material.

A composite sample is obtained by taking 3 evenly distributed samples along the
windrow and compositing them into an airtight container or bag. Each sample should be
approximately 1-2 cups each and taken from a hole dug into the windrow starting approximately
4' up and angling at 45° into the pile. More samples may be warranted per windrow if there is
evidence of an inconsistent product (based on temperature or pH readings.)

A sketch indicating the location of each sample and a description of the sampling technique should be kept on each composite. Accurate record keeping is critical. Label each composite sample with the following information:
 Date sampled
 Time sampled
 Windrow identification
 Source of Sample
 Name of person taking sample
 Sample Preservation Technique
 Temperature of Sample
 pH of Sample

All information should be recorded in a sample logbook along with the following:

 Sample preparation
 Shipment record
 Tests to be conducted
 Laboratory to conduct tests

C. Labeling

When the Type 1 compost material is to be marketed to the public, sufficient information should be provided to the public to:
 Inform users of the benefits of using compost
 Advise users on suggested uses of product
 Inform users of cautions in using product
 Inform users of composition of the material including nutrients and contaminants
 Inform users of source of feedstock.

Appendix 7 includes a copy of the information provided to the end users by the
CRSWMA. It is also recommended that a copy of the test results (if available) be provided to the
end user.

2.4 Recordkeeping

2.4.1 Record Keeping Requirements

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Composting Facility Operation Manual 10 Joyce Engineering, Inc.
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Separate records will be maintained for each section of the facility as described below.
Records shall be made and maintained for a minimum of five (5) years. Records shall be kept on
a monthly basis.

2.4.2 Operating Records

Weekly operating records shall include the following information (at a minimum).

 The quantity, type and source of waste received. It is important to track the type of
material closely.

 The quantity and type of waste processed.

 The quantity and type of compost produced by product classification.

 The quantity and type of compost removed for use or disposal, by product
classification and the market or permitted disposal facility.

 All operational information including date and number of times windrow(s) turned;
date, type, quantity and method of addition of any amendments.

 Temperature data. Temperature data shall indicate the location of readings in the
windrow and the length of the composting period. (A sample log is contained in
Appendix 5.)

 Moisture testing including data, location of test and weather conditions at time of sampling. (A sample log is contained in Appendix 5.)
 All analytical results from compost testing described above.

2.4.3 Annual Reporting Requirement Rule .1408 (c)

An annual report shall be submitted to the Solid Waste Division of DEQ. The fiscal year
shall be July 1 - June 30. The annual report will include the following:

 Facility name, address, and permit number

 Year covered

 Total quantity and type of waste in tons received at the facility during the year
covered including tons of waste received by local government of origin.

 Total quantity and type of waste in tons, processed into compost during the year
covered.

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 Total quantity in tons and type of compost produced at the facility, by product
classification, during the year covered.

 Total quantity in tons and type of compost removed for use or disposal from the
facility, by product classification, along with a general description of the market for
use during the year covered.

 Total quantity in tons, and the type of waste removed from the facility and disposed
of.

 Monthly temperature monitoring to support Rule .1406 (9).

 Summary of all testing completed on the compost as required by the Division.

 Condensed yearly totals of solid waste received and composted shall be reported back
to the local government of origin for respective annual recycling reporting.

2.5 All Required Permits

A copy of all required local, state and federal permits/approvals are included in the
permit application. The permit application should be kept on site at all times.

2.6 Equipment Specifications

The four major pieces of equipment in use at the composting facility are a Maxi Grinder,
Trommel Screen, Scarab Windrow Turner, and a Front-end Loader. Equipment specifications are
enclosed in Appendix 8.

[End]

DRAWINGS

PREPARED FOR:

COASTAL REGIONAL SOLID WASTE AUTHORITY
TUSCARORA LONG-TERM REGIONAL LANDFILL
7400 OLD HIGHWAY 70 WEST
TUSCARORA, NC 28523

PERMIT No. 25-09

TUSCARORA LANDFILL
PHASE 3 EXPANSION

VOLUME 2, SECTION VII
CLOSURE & POST CLOSURE PLAN

NOVEMBER 2009
REVISED APRIL 2016

PREPARED BY:

9731-F SOUTHERN PINE BLVD
CHARLOTTE, NC 28273
PHONE: [phone]
FAX: [phone]
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Craven County, North Carolina Rev. April 2016

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VOLUME 2, SECTION VII
CLOSURE AND POST CLOSURE PLAN

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 CLOSURE ACTIVITIES ................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Closure of Disposal Units .................................................................................................. 1
1.1.1 Cap Design .................................................................................................................. 1
1.1.2 Area to Be Capped ...................................................................................................... 2
1.1.3 Cap Settlement and Stability ....................................................................................... 2
1.1.4 Drainage and Erosion .................................................................................................. 3
1.1.5 Freeze/Thaw Effects .................................................................................................... 3
1.2 Waste Volume ................................................................................................................... 3
1.3 Closure Plan Schedule ....................................................................................................... 3
1.4 Posting and Baiting ........................................................................................................... 4
1.5 Notification ........................................................................................................................ 4
1.6 Certification ....................................................................................................................... 4
1.7 Closure Cost Estimate ....................................................................................................... 5
2.0 POST-CLOSURE ACTIVITIES ........................................................................................ 5
2.1 Contact ............................................................................................................................... 5
2.2 Security .............................................................................................................................. 5
2.3 Post-Closure Maintenance ................................................................................................. 5
2.4 Inspection Plan .................................................................................................................. 6
2.5 Monitoring Plan ................................................................................................................. 6
2.5.1 Groundwater Monitoring ............................................................................................. 6
2.5.2 Surface Water Monitoring ........................................................................................... 7
2.5.3 Landfill Gas Monitoring .............................................................................................. 7
2.5.4 Stormwater, Erosion, and Sedimentation Control Facilities ....................................... 7
2.5.5 Leachate Management ................................................................................................. 7
2.6 Training ............................................................................................................................. 8
2.7 Post-Closure Land Use ...................................................................................................... 8
2.8 Post-Closure Cost Estimate ............................................................................................... 8

APPENDICES

Appendix VII – 1 Waste Inventory Calculations
Appendix VII – 2 Closure Cost Estimates
Appendix VII – 3 Post-Closure Inspection Record
Appendix VII – 4 Groundwater Monitoring Well Maintenance Record
Appendix VII – 5 Methane Monitoring Test Report
Appendix VII – 6 Post-Closure Cost Estimate
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1.0 CLOSURE ACTIVITIES

Pursuant to the North Carolina Solid Waste Management Rules (15A NCAC 13B .1617), this
Closure and Post-Closure Plan is submitted as part of the Permit to Operate (PTO) renewal the
Tuscarora Landfill.

Within this Closure and Post-Closure Plan, references are made to information and drawings
found in the Facility, Operations, and Engineering Plans to reduce redundancy in this report.
Grading plans, cap sections, and other aspects related to closure, including phased development,
stormwater management, and erosion and sediment control, are discussed in the Engineering and
Operation Plans of this report, and are illustrated on the drawings. The Construction Quality
Assurance (CQA) Plan provided in this application describes methods and procedures to be used
in monitoring construction of the closure cap. Detailed drawings, specifications, and other
documents will be prepared prior to closure for bidding and construction purposes.

The facility will be closed in accordance with the requirements of EPA's Subtitle D regulations
(40 CFR 258.60) and Rule .1627 of the North Carolina Solid Waste Management Rules (15A
NCAC 13 B). Given the proposed development plan for the facility, the waste disposal areas
will be capped and closed in phases as described in the following paragraphs.

1.1 Closure of Disposal Units

1.1.1 Cap Design

Proposed final/intermediate grading contours for the facility are provided on Drawing No. FP-04
of the Facility Plan. Final contours have been designed with post-settlement surface slopes of at
least five percent on top of the cell. Cross-sectional details of the proposed closure cap design,
are provided on Drawing No. EP-10. The following components (bottom to top) are proposed as
shown on the details:

a. Intermediate Cover and Leveling Course - Local soil will be placed over the daily
cover soil to provide at least 12 inches of intermediate cover and a uniform base
for construction of the cap.

b. Gas Migration Layer – A geonet composite will be installed between the
intermediate cover and the overlying infiltration layer. The geonet composite will
provide a pathway for accumulated gas to move laterally to the vents.

c. Composite Cap: GCL Component - The infiltration layer is proposed to consist of
a geosynthetic clay liner. This layer will be constructed over the geonet composite
that will serve as the gas migration layer. Installation and testing requirements for
the cap are provided in the Specifications (Appendix IV-6) and the CQA Plan.

d. Composite Cap: Geomembrane Component - The geomembrane component of
the infiltration layer will consist of a textured 40 mil flexible geomembrane. The
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membrane will be in direct contact with the underlying layer. The testing
program and quality assurance requirements for the geomembrane are described
in the CQA Plan.

e. Drainage Layer - A drainage layer consisting of a geonet and geotextile composite
will be placed over the geomembrane to promote drainage.

f. Protective Layer - A layer consisting of at least 18 inches of local soil will be
placed above the drainage layer to provide a protective cover for the underlying
cap components.

g. Vegetative Layer - A layer of topsoil material or organically amended local soil
will be placed above the protective layer. This soil layer will be at least 6 inches
in thickness. The material will be lightly compacted so that a good stand of
vegetation can be established. Soil tests will be conducted prior to seeding to
determine if soil additives are needed to establish and maintain the vegetation.

1.1.2 Area to Be Capped

The IRL (20.2 acres), Phase 1 (20.5 acres) and west slope of Phase 2 (7.3 acres) have been
capped. Phase 2 permitted waste footprint of 17.2 acres has approximately 9.9 acres subject to
closure. All of Phase 3 permitted waste footprint of 19.7 acres remains to be closed. Therefore,
the largest area of the landfill subject for closure during the permit cycle should be 29.6 acres. A
cost estimate for closure of this area is provided as Appendix VII-2.

1.1.3 Cap Settlement and Stability

Non-uniform settlement can be expected over the entire area that will receive a closure cap. The
primary mechanism of settlement is waste consolidation due to decomposition of the landfilled
material. According to Daniel, et al, long-term settlement is typically 5 to 15 percent over 20 to
30 years; however, settlement of about 5 percent can be expected in the first few months
following waste placement. A significant amount of waste consolidation will likely have
occurred by the time each portion of the landfill is closed.

The stability of the proposed cap design under static conditions has been evaluated and is
included in the Engineering Plan. The proposed design was found to be stable at a slope of
3H:1V.

After capped portions are completed, monthly inspections of the final cover will be conducted to
look for areas of the cap that might have experienced displacement. Should these inspections
indicate problem areas, (ponding, exposure of the geomembrane, deep cracks, etc.), repairs will
be initiated as soon as practical.

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1.1.4 Drainage and Erosion

A combination of drainage ditches, diversion berms, vegetative cover, and sediment traps and
basins will control drainage and erosion. Construction and design of sediment and erosion
control features will be in accordance with applicable sections of the "North Carolina Erosion
and Sediment Control Planning and Design Manual." Drainage will be directed to proposed
ditches along the perimeter. These ditches will receive runoff from the cap, conveying the flow
to on-site sediment basins. For a detailed discussion regarding stormwater management and
erosion and sediment control, please refer to the Erosion and Sediment Control Plan submitted
under separate cover.

1.1.5 Freeze/Thaw Effects

Based on a published map of frost depths throughout the United States (EPA, November 1993:
A530-R-93-017), the anticipated maximum depth of freeze/thaw effects on the site is less than or
equal to 18 inches. Since the upper 18 inches of final cover soil is not the low-permeability
component of the cap, the effects of freeze/thaw cycles on the closure cap should not be
detrimental to its function.

1.2 Waste Volume

A summary of the total airspace available by phase was made in the Facility Plan and has been
included in Appendix VII-1. The available airspace was calculated based on a comparison of the
base grade and final grade surfaces.

1.3 Closure Plan Schedule

The landfill is designed so that it can be closed incrementally as final contours are reached in
various areas. Prior to beginning closure of any portion of the facility, CRSWMA will notify the
Division that a notice of intent to close the facility has been placed in the operating record. An
itemized list of closure milestones and a proposed schedule follow. Closure activities are
proposed to begin within 30 days of final receipt of waste in the area to be closed. Construction
of the closure cap is to be completed within 180 days following the initiation of closure
activities. The total length of the proposed closure period is 210 days following the final receipt
of waste.

The approximate closure milestones shown in Table 1 below are proposed for use in tracking the
progress of closure activities. A detailed schedule will be established prior to construction.
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Table 1
Proposed Closure Milestones and Schedule

Milestone

Proposed Schedule from the Date of
Final Receipt of Waste
Testing of borrow sources

Within 6 months prior to closure Grading of intermediate cover Within 30 to 60 days Placement of soil cap 30 to 150 days Final inspection of cap by P.E. 150 to 180 days
Construction of stormwater controls

90 to 180 days
Seeding and mulching

150 to 180 days Preparation of survey plat 180 to 210 days Submittal of closure certification 180 to 210 days

1.4 Posting and Baiting

At least one sign will remain posted at the entrance to the facility notifying persons of the facility
closing. Also, a notice prohibiting further receipt of waste materials will remain posted at the
entrance. The site will be secured through the use of gates equipped with locks, fencing, and/or
natural barriers. The site will be baited for rodent and vector control before final closure is
initiated.

1.5 Notification

Once closure is complete, a survey plat will be prepared by a registered land surveyor showing
the locations and dimensions of the landfill disposal areas, the locations of groundwater
monitoring wells and gas probes, and the restrictions on future disturbance of the site. A
notation will be recorded on the property deed stating that the land has been used to dispose solid
waste and that its use is restricted under the Closure Plan as required by Rule .1627(c)(8).
Copies of the deed notations as recorded will be placed in the Operating Record and forwarded
to the Division.

1.6 Certification

Upon completion of closure, a licensed professional engineer acting on behalf of the owner will
submit a Certification of Closure to the Division. This Certification will state that the site was
closed in accordance with the Closure Plan and applicable solid waste regulations and laws as
required by Rule .1627(c)(7).

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The owner must record a notation on the deed to the landfill facility property at the Craven
County Registrar of Deeds office, or some other instrument that is normally examined during
title search, and notify the Division that the notation has been recorded and a copy has been
placed in the operating record. The notation shall in perpetuity notify any potential purchaser of
the property that the land has been used as a MSW facility and its use is restricted under the
closure plan approved by the Division.

1.7 Closure Cost Estimate

An estimate of closure costs is provided in Appendix VII-2. All costs are given in 2015 dollars.

2.0 POST-CLOSURE ACTIVITIES

Post-closure activities will be conducted at the landfill in accordance with Rule .1627 for a
period of 30 years following closure of the landfill. The length of the period can be increased or
decreased in accordance with Division directives.

2.1 Contact

All correspondence and questions concerning the post-closure care of the unit should be directed
to:
Mr. Bobby Darden
Executive Director
Coastal Regional Solid Waste Management Authority
PO Box 128
Cove City, North Carolina, 28523
252-633-1564

2.2 Security

Access to the site will be controlled by the use of barriers and gates at roadway entrances. These
control devices will be maintained throughout the post-closure care period, and inspected as part
of the monthly inspection program. All barriers and gates will be clearly marked with signs
stating the name and nature of the facility and the person to contact in case of emergency or
breach of security.

2.3 Post-Closure Maintenance

Post-closure maintenance and monitoring will be conducted at the Tuscarora Landfill for a
period of 30 years after final closure. The Division may decrease the length of the post-closure
period if the owner or operator demonstrates that the reduced period is sufficient to protect
human health and the environment, and the Division approves this demonstration. The period
might be increased by the Division if the Division determines that the lengthened period is
necessary to protect human health and the environment.
Monitoring will include semiannual sampling of groundwater and surface water, quarterly gas
monitoring and monthly inspection of the final cover and monitoring and control systems.
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Routine maintenance and repairs may include upkeep of fencing, gates, & signage, access roads
toward monitoring locations, stormwater, erosion, and sedimentation control facilities, potential
leachate seeps, and the integrity of the final cap system.

Maintenance needs identified through the monitoring program will be initiated no later than 60
days after the discovery, and within 24 hours if a danger or eminent threat to human health or the
environment is indicated. Minor cap maintenance may be deferred until there is a sufficient
amount of work to justify the mobilization of equipment and personnel. Unusual or extreme
maintenance needs due to calamities or vandalism might require the implementation of
emergency contract service procedures established by CRSWMA.

2.4 Inspection Plan

Routine inspections will be conducted throughout the post-closure care period. These
inspections will be carried out monthly unless problems are detected which indicate more
frequent visits. Potential impacts to the public and environment will be considered in
determining the inspection frequency. Items to be included in the monthly inspection will be as
follows:

 Access and security control
 Leachate management and storage systems
 Stormwater management
 Erosion and sediment control
 Gas management
 Groundwater and landfill gas monitoring systems
 Integrity of site benchmarks
 Vector control.

Inspection forms have been prepared for use during each inspection (see Appendix VII-3).
Completed copies of the inspection forms will be kept by the owner, and copies will be
forwarded to the Division for its records.

2.5 Monitoring Plan

2.5.1 Groundwater Monitoring

Groundwater monitoring will occur semiannually throughout the post-closure care period. The
monitoring schedule will continue as established during the active life of the facility. The
applicable procedures outlined in Rules .1633 through .1637 will be followed through post-
closure as required by site findings. Refer to the Water Quality Monitoring Plan in the Design
Hydrogeologic Report, Volume III of this submittal.

The post-closure care period for the site is 30 years unless modified by the Division. If the
statistical analysis of the groundwater monitoring data does not indicate degradation to the
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quality of the groundwater after the 30-year post-closure care period, a request will be made to
terminate the groundwater monitoring program. All groundwater-monitoring wells will be
maintained so that future monitoring can be resumed if desired. A blank groundwater
monitoring well maintenance record form is provided in Appendix VII-4.

2.5.2 Surface Water Monitoring

Surface water will be monitored according to the Water Quality Monitoring Plan.

2.5.3 Landfill Gas Monitoring

Monitoring of explosive gas hazards will be performed as described in the Operations Plan.

The active landfill gas collection and control system will continue to operate according to the
Title V Air Permit (Appendix VI-3).

At the end of the useful life of the gas collection and control system, and after operation is no
longer required according to the Title V Air Permit, the gas extraction wellheads will be removed
to allow any remaining gas to vent to the atmosphere. All buried gas system components will be
left in place. The blower/flare and processing equipment will be decommissioned and may be
removed from the facility. The facility will continue explosive gasses monitoring beyond the
decommissioning of the active gas collection period in accordance with the Post-Closure criteria
by Rule .1627 (d).

2.5.4 Stormwater, Erosion, and Sedimentation Control Facilities

Stormwater management features proposed in the Erosion and Sediment Control Plan are
designed to function throughout the post-closure care period. Drainage ditches and sediment
ponds will be inspected and maintained as needed to control surface water runoff and erosion.

2.5.5 Leachate Management

Leachate management will continue at the facility during the post-closure period as long as
leachate continues to be generated. The leachate collection system will be evaluated periodically
and maintained to prevent clogging. Leachate will be pumped as needed from the pond to tanker
trucks, and hauled to the wastewater treatment plant for disposal.

When leachate collection ceases, the following closure activities will be completed within 180
days. Leachate removal pipes will be securely plugged, and liquid and solid waste will be
removed from the storage facilities and associated piping. Contaminated subsoils, structures,
and equipment will also be removed. Material that is removed will be disposed in accordance
with applicable requirements.

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2.6 Training

Personnel responsible for conducting monitoring activities, site inspections and maintenance will
be competent individuals trained in the skills needed for their job. Personnel will continue to
receive training as new programs become available.

Groundwater and surface water monitoring will be performed by a qualified firm, and laboratory
analysis will be conducted by a certified environmental laboratory.

2.7 Post-Closure Land Use

The primary land use for the site after closure of the landfill will be open dormant green space.
Limited passive recreational uses may be proposed at a later time.

2.8 Post-Closure Cost Estimate

An estimate of post-closure care costs is provided in Appendix VII-6. All costs are given in
2015 dollars.

(End)

APPENDIX VII – 2
CLOSURE COST ESTIMATES

Opinion of Cost for Closure (Phases 3; 19.7 acres)
Rev.RTC
Facility Name: Tuscarora Landfill Date: 09/11/15 04/05/16
Calculated By: MM HMAK
Permit No.: 25-09 Reviewed By: LB 9731-F Southern Pine Blvd.
Facility Address: PO Box 128 Revision No.: 2 Charlotte, North Carolina 28273
Cove City, NC 28523 Project No.: 618.1601.11 phone - 704.817.2037
Facility Owner: Coastal Regional Solid Waste Management Authority Task No.: 05 fax - 704.837.2010
www.joyceengineering.com
CLOSURE COSTS:
Native Soil for Slope and Fill-Intermediate Cover (Site Preparation)Notes & Guidance Values
a. Area to be capped 29.6 acres x 4840 yd2/acre = 143,264 yd2 Geonet Composite (Drainage and Gas Migration)Notes & Guidance Values
b. Depth of native soil for slope and fill 12 inches x 1yd/ 36 inches = 0.33 yd a. Quantity of Geonet Composite needed 29.6 acres x 43560 ft2/acre = 1,289,376 ft
2
c. Quantity of native soil needed (a x b)47,755 yd
3 b. Purchase unit cost $0.37 $0.37 /ft
2
d. Percentage of soil from off-site 100 100% c. Delivery unit cost $0.00 $0.00 /ft
2
e. Excavation unit cost (on-site material)$1.74 $1.74 /yd
3 d. Installation unit cost $0.06 $0.06 /ft
2
f. Purchase unit cost (off-site material)$3.48 $3.48 /yd
3 e. Total geocomposite unit cost (b + c + d)$0.44 /ft
2
g. Delivery Cost (off-site material)$8.80/yd3 for 5 mil RT $8.80 /yd3 f. Total geocomposite cost (a x e)$565,649
h. Placement/Spreading unit cost $1.61 $1.61 /yd3
i. Compaction unit cost $0.40 $0.40 /yd3 Geosynthetic Clay Liner
j. Total on-site native soil unit cost (e + h + i) $3.75 /yd
3 a. Quantity of GCL needed 29.6 acres x 43560 ft2/acre = 1,289,376 ft
2
k. Total off-site native soil unit cost (f + g + h + i)$14.28 /yd
3 b. Purchase unit cost $0.33 $0.33 /ft
2
l. Total on-site native soil cost [j x (1-d) x c]$0 c. Delivery unit cost $0.00 $0.00 /ft
2
m. Total off-site native soil cost (c x d x k)$681,860 d. Installation unit cost $0.10 $0.10 /ft
2
n. Percent compaction 20 20% e. Total GCL unit cost (b + c + d)$0.43 /ft
2
o. Total native soil cost (l + m) * (1 + n)$818,232 f. Total GCL cost (a x e)$551,853
Topsoil (Vegetative Layer)IX. Soil Admixture
a. Area to be capped 29.6 acres x 4840 yd2/acre = 143,264 yd
2 a. Area to be capped acres x 4840 yd2/acre = 0yd2
b. Depth of topsoil needed 6 inches x 1yd/ 36 inches = 0.17 yd b. Soil admixture unit cost $2.57 $2.57 /yd
2
c. Quantity of topsoil needed (a x b)23,877 yd
3 c. Total soil admixture cost (a x b)$0.00
d. Percentage of soil from off-site 100 100%
e. Excavation unit cost (on-site material)$1.74 $1.74 /yd3 Protective Soil Cover
f. Purchase unit cost (off-site material)$5.35 $5.35 /yd
3 a. Area to be capped 29.6 acres x 4840 yd2/acre = 143,264 yd
2
g. Delivery Cost (off-site material)$8.80/yd3 for 5 mil RT $8.80 /yd
3 b. Depth of soil needed 18 inches x 1yd/ 36 inches = 0.50 yd
h. Placement/Spreading unit cost $1.61 $1.61 /yd
3 c. Quantity of soil needed (a x b)71,632 yd
3
i. Compaction unit cost $0.40 $0.40 /yd
3 d. Percentage of soil from off-site 25 25%
j. Total on-site topsoil unit cost (e + h + i) $3.75 /yd
3 e. Excavation unit cost (on-site material)$1.74 $1.74 /yd
3
k. Total off-site topsoil unit cost (f + g + h + i)$16.15 /yd
3 f. Purchase unit cost (off-site material)$3.48 $3.48 /yd
3
l. Total on-site topsoil cost [j x (1-d) x c]$0 g. Delivery Cost (off-site material)$8.80/yd3 for 5 mil RT $8.80 /yd
3
m. Total off-site topsoil cost (c x d x k)$385,640 h. Placement/Spreading unit cost $1.61 $1.61 /yd
3
n. Percent compaction 10 10% i. Compaction unit cost $0.40 $0.40 /yd
3
o. Total topsoil cost (l + m) * (1 + n)$424,204 j. Total on-site soil unit cost (e + h + i) $3.75 /yd3
k. Total off-site soil unit cost (f + g + h + i)$14.28 /yd
3
Drainage Layer l. Total on-site soil cost [j x (1-d) x c]$201,196
a. Area to be capped acres x 4840 yd2/acre = 0yd2 m. Total off-site soil cost (c x d x k)$255,698
b. Depth of sand or gravel needed 0 inches x 1yd/ 36 inches = 0.00 yd n. Percent compaction 20 20%
c. Quantity of sand or gravel needed (a x b)0 yd3 o. Total protective soil cover cost (l + m) * (1 + n)$548,273
d. Purchase unit cost $6.90 $6.90 /yd3
e. Delivery cost (for off-site material)$7.85/yd3 for 10 mil RT $7.85 /yd3 Soil Testing
f. Spreading unit cost $1.39 $1.39 /yd
3 a. Number of acres to be capped 29.6 29.6 acres
g. Compaction unit cost $0.12 $0.12 /yd
3 b. Testing unit cost
h. Percent compaction sand = 10%, gravel = 5%10 %(Includes density & permeability tests and technician)$2,440 $2,440 /acre
i. Total drainage layer unit cost (d + e + f + g)$16.26 /yd3 c.Total Soil Testing Cost (a x b)$72,212.16
j. Total drainage layer cost [c x i x (1+h)]$0.00
Seeding
IV.On-Site Clay a. Number of acres to be vegetated 29.6 29.6 acres
a. Area to be capped acres x 4840 yd2/acre = 0yd2 b. Unit cost for prep, seed, and fert.$1,873 $1,873 /acre
b. Depth of clay needed 0 inches x 1yd/ 36 inches = 0.00 yd c.Total Seeding Cost (a x b)$55,426
c. Quantity of clay needed (a x b)0 yd3
d. Excavation unit cost $5.36 $5.36 /yd3 Landfill Gas (LFG) Management System
e. Placement/Spreading unit cost $1.38 $1.38 /yd
3 a. Number of acres of landfill to be closed 29.6
f. Compaction unit cost $1.79 $1.79 /yd
3 c. Number of LFG wells 19
g. Total on-site clay unit cost (d + e + f + g)$8.53 /yd
3 e. Average cost per LFG well $3,745
h. Percent compaction 25%25 %g. Total cost for LFG wells (c x e)$71,155 total
i. Total on-site clay cost [c x g x (1 + h)]$0.00 Landfill Gas Appurtenances
h. Header Pipe (12") ft.2500
V. Off-Site Clay i. 12" Pipe Unit Cost (including installation)$37 $93,625.00 total
a. Area to be capped (1acre=4840yd²)acres x 4840 yd2/acre = 0yd2 j. Header Pipe (10") ft.200
b. Depth of clay needed (6" = 0.16 yd) 0 inches x 1yd/ 36 inches = 0.00 yd k. 10" Pipe Unit Cost (including installation)$32 $6,420.00 total
c. Quantity of clay needed (a x b)(a x b)0yd3 l. Lateral Pipe (8") ft.1830
d. Purchase unit cost $45.36 $45.36 /yd
3 m. 6" Pipe Unit Cost (including installation)$21 $39,162.00 total
e. Delivery cost (for off-site material)$7.85/yd3 for 10 mil RT $7.85 /yd
3 n. Isolation Valve 0
f. Spreading unit cost $1.38 $1.38 /yd
3 o. Isolation Valve Cost (including installation)$1,284 $0.00 total
g. Compaction unit cost $1.79 $1.79 /yd
3 p. Condensate Traps 2
h. Total off-site clay unit cost (d + e + f + g)$56.38 /yd
3 q. Condensate Trap Unit Cost (including installation)$2,675 $5,350.00 total
i. Percent compaction 25%25 % r. Blower/Flare Skid (already in place)$0.00 $0.00 total
j. Total on-site clay cost [c x h x (1 + i)]$0.00 s. Length of LFG detection probe in linear feet 100
t. Number of LFG detection probes to be installed 0 $0.00
Drainage Pipe u. LFG detection probe unit cost $40.00
a. Length of pipe needed (15")775 775 LF v. Total cost for LFG detection probes (b x d x f)$0.00
b. Pipe unit cost (15")$21.13 $21.13 /LF w. Total gas management system cost $215,712
c. Length of pipe needed (12")950 950 LF
d. Pipe unit cost (12")$16.05 $16.05 /LF Groundwater monitoring system
e. Trenching and backfilling cost $12.84 $12.84 /LF a. Hydrogeologic study $10,000 or as needed $0
f. Total drainage pipe unit cost (15")(b + e)$33.97 /LF b. Monitoring well construction/well $1,225 per well $1,225.00 /well
g. Total drainage pipe unit cost (12")(d + e)$28.89 /LF c. Number of wells to be installed 0 0 wells
h.Total drainage pipe cost [(a x f) + (c x g)]$53,774 d. Additional well length of 50'0 0LF
e. Unit cost for additional well length over 50'$22.00 $22.00 /LF
Synthetic Membrane f. Total additional cost for well length over 50'(e x d)$0
a. Area to be capped with FML 29.6 acres x 43560 ft2/acre = 1,289,376 ft
2 g. Total monitoring well construction cost (b x c)$0
b. Purchase unit cost $0.28 $0.28 /ft
2 h. Total Groundwater monitoring system cost (a + e + f)$0.00
c. Delivery unit cost $0.00 $0.00 /ft2
d. Installation unit cost $0.11 $0.11 /ft2 Mobilization/demobilization $27,500
e. Total synthetic membrane unit cost (b + c + d)$0.39 /ft
2
f. Total synthetic membrane cost (a x e)$496,668
Survey and deed notation $13,200
VIII. Geotextile Filter Fabric
a. Quantity of filter fabric needed 0.0 acres x 43560 ft2/acre = 0 ft2
b. Purchase unit cost $0.26 $0.26 /ft2 Closure Certification $27,500
c. Delivery unit cost $0.00 $0.00 /ft
2
d. Installation unit cost $0.00 $0.00 /ft2
e. Total synthetic membrane unit cost (b + c + d)$0.26 /ft2 Erosion and Stormwater Control $110,000
f. Total synthetic membrane cost (a x e)$0.00
Total Construction Closure Costs
Total Unadjusted Closure Costs $3,980,204
Notes:
Cumulative inflation factor 1.07 was applied to the 2012-2015 Financial Assurance unit costs.
In the 2015 Financial Assurance, guidance values were attained from recently completed JOYCE projects, and suppliers' price quotes. Contingency (10%)$398,020
Material Costs for Geosynthetics include Delivery.
Engineering Fees
Construction Documents $80,250
Material Cost List Construction Quality Assurance $321,000
Total Closure Cost $4,779,474
Material Installation Material Installation (Phase 3)
Synthetic Membrane (per ft2) (per ft2) (per ft2) (per ft2)
$0.38 $0.10 $0.41 $0.11 Total Area to be capped 29.6 acres
$0.26 $0.10 $0.28 $0.11 Approximate closure cost per acre $161,469 /acre
$0.28 $0.10 $0.30 $0.11
Geonet Composite
$0.35 $0.06 $0.37 $0.06
$0.39 $0.06 $0.42 $0.06
$0.60 $0.08 $0.64 $0.09
Geosynthetic Clay Liner
$0.27 $0.09 $0.29 $0.10
$0.31 $0.09 $0.33 $0.10
2015 Prices
60 mil HDPE
40 mil LLDPE
40 mil PVC
6 oz
8 oz
Triplanar
Type I (Regular)
Type II (Reinforced)
2011 Prices
Financial Assurance
CRSWMA - Tuscarora Landfill Permit Renewal
Craven County, North Carolina Page 1
Joyce Engineering, Inc.
November 2009
Rev. November 2015
Rev. April 2016

APPENDIX VII – 6
POST-CLOSURE COST ESTIMATES

Opinion of Cost for Post Closure Care
Facility Name: Tuscarora Long-Term Regional Landfill Date: 09/11/15 4/5/2016
Calculated By: MM HMAK 9731-F Southern Pine Blvd.
Permit No.: 25-09 Reviewed By: LB Charlotte, North Carolina 28273
Facility Address: PO Box 128 Revision No.: 2 phone - 704.817.2037
Cove City, NC 28523 Project No.: 618.1601.11 fax - 704.837.2010
Facility Owner: Coastal Regional Solid Waste Management Authori Task No.: 05 www.joyceengineering.com
POST CLOSURE COSTS:
Ground & Surface Water Monitoring Notes & Guidance Values
a. Total number of monitoring wells 42 42 wells
b. Number of sampling events per year 2 sampling events per year 2 events
c. Monitoring costs per sample $1,605 $1,605 /sample
d. Miscellaneous Engineering Fees $11,000 or as required $10,700 /year
e. Total annual monitoring costs [(a x b x c) + d]$145,520 /year
f.Total number of surface water monitoing points 4 4
g.Number of sampling events per year 2 sampling events per year 2 events
h.Monitoring costs per sample $150 $150 /sample
i. Total annual monitoring costs (f x g x h)$1,200 /year
j. Post-closure period 30 30 years
k. Total cost for post-closure period (e + i x j)$4,401,600.00
Landfill Gas Monitoring System Maintenance
a. Monthly wellfield monitoring (12 events per year) 12 events/year
b. Unit cost for 'a' $1,605.00 $1,605 /event
c. Quarterly Surface Emissions & Explosive Gases (4 events per year) 4 events/year
d. Unit cost for 'c' $1,605.00 $1,605 /event
e. Annual Reporting (Title V Permit Compliance) $11,000 per year $10,700
f. Maintenance and Response to Shutdowns $11,000 per year $10,700
g. Post-closure period 20 20 years
h. Total annual cost for post-closure period [(a x b) + (c x d) + e + f]$47,080
i. Total cost for post-closure period (g x h)$941,600
Decommisioning of Landfill Gas Collection and Control System
a. Total number of wellheads 59 59 wells
b.Estimated cost per wellhead 100 $100 /well
c.Estimated cost of wellhead removal (a x b)$5,900
d.Decommissioning of blower/flare $1,000.00 $1,000
e.Decommissioning of processing equipment $25,000.00 $25,000
f.Total cost for decommissioning LFGCC system (c + d + e)$31,900
Explosive Gas Monitoring Period 20 to 30 Years
a.Quarterly Surface Emissions & Explosive Gases (4 events per year) 4 events/year
b.Unit cost for 'a' $1,605.00 $1,605 /event
c.Post-closure period (years 20 to 30) 10 10 years
d. Total annual cost for post-closure period $64,200
Leachate Management
a. Private disposal unit cost $0.00 $0.00 /gal
b. POTW disposal unit cost $0.00 $0.00 /gal
c. Direct discharge to a POTW unit cost (2015 rate) $0.009 $0.009 /gal
d. Amount of leachate generated (HELP Model) 0.3 gal/acre/day 8,497 gal/yr
e. Load/unload unit cost $0 $0.00 /truck
f. Capacity of truck 0 0 gallons
g. Number of trucks required per year (d ÷ f) 0 trucks/year
h. Distance over 5 miles of hauling (one way) 0 0 miles
i. Cost of hauling per mile $0.00 $0.00 /mile
j. Total cost for loading / unloading and hauling [(e x g) + (h x i)] $0.00 /year
k. Total annual cost for Private Disposal (a x d) $0.00 /year
l. Total annual cost for POTW Disposal (delivered) [(b x d) + j] $0.00 /year
m. Total annual cost for POTW Disposal (direct) (c x d)$78 /year
n. Number of sampling events per year 2 sampling events per year 2 events
o. Monitoring costs per sample $150 $300 /sample
p.Total annual monitoring costs (n x o)$300 /year
q. Total leachate management cost (m + p)$378 /year
r. Post-closure period 30 30 years
s. Total cost for post-closure period (n x o)$11,353
Routine Maintenance and Repairs
a. Mowing frequency 2 2 visits/year
b. Area to be maintained (acres) 77.6 77.6 acres
c. Mowing unit cost per visit $85 $85 /acre/visit
d. Total mowing cost per year (a x b x c) $13,119.06 /year
e. Fertilizer unit cost $309 $309 /acre
f. Total fertilizer cost per year (b x e) $23,996.25 /year
g. Number of years to reseed (max 3 years) 3 3 years
h. Area to reseed (acres) 77.6 77.6 acres
i. Reseeding unit cost $1,926 $1,926 /acre
j. Total reseeding cost (g x h x i) $448,373
k. Mobilization/demobilization cost per year $112 $112 /year
l. Total maintenance and repairs cost per year (d + f + k)$37,228 /year
m. Post-closure period 30 30 years
n.Total cost for post-closure period [(m x l) +j]$1,565,202.42
Vector and Rodent Control
a. Total vector and rodent control costs per year $2,200 or as required $2,140 /year
b. Post-closure period 30 30 years
c.Total cost for post-closure period (a x b)$64,200
Total Post-Closure Costs
Total Unadjusted Post-Closure Costs $7,080,055
Contingency (10%) $708,006
Total Post-Closure Cost-Estimate $7,788,061
Overall Total Costs
Total Post-Closure Cost-Estimate 2015 $7,788,061
Total Closure Cost-Estimate $4,779,474
(From previous page)
TOTAL CLOSURE & POST-CLOSURE COST ESTIMATE = $12,567,535
Potential Assessment and Corrective Action (PACA), NCGS 130A-295.2(h) $2,000,000
Financial Assurance
CRSWMA - Tuscarora Landfill Permit Renewal
Craven County, North Carolina Page 2
Joyce Engineering, Inc.
November 2009
Rev. November 2015
Rev. April 2016