Soil Vapor Assessment Report-OCR

Soil Vapor Assessment Report
Clarkson Street Site
Charlotte, North Carolina
Brownfields Project No. 14038-10-60

H&H Job No. BEZ-002

January 20, 2011

2923 South Tryon Street Suite 100
Charlotte, NC 28203
704-586-0007
3334 Hillsborough Street Raleigh, NC 27607 919-847-4241
#C-1269 Engineering
#C-245 Geology

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Table of Contents
Section Page No.
1.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 1 2.0 Soil Vapor Assessment ........................................................................................................... 3
2.1 Soil Vapor Sampling Methods ............................................................................................. 3
2.2 Soil Vapor Results ............................................................................................................... 4 3.0 Conclusions and Recommendations ..................................................................................... 7
4.0 References ............................................................................................................................... 8

List of Tables

Table 1 Summary of Soil Vapor Analytical Detections List of Figures

Figure 1 Site Location Map Figure 2 Soil Vapor Monitoring Point Location Map
List of Appendices
Appendix A Laboratory Analytical Data
1
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Soil Vapor Assessment Report
Clarkson Street Site Charlotte, North Carolina H&H Job No. BEZ-002
1.0 Introduction

Hart & Hickman, PC (H&H) has conducted a soil vapor assessment at the Clarkson Street Site
located in Charlotte, North Carolina. A site location map is provided as Figure 1, and a site map
is provided as Figure 2. As indicated in Figure 2, the site consists of multiple land parcels along
West Morehead St., South Clarkson St., Dunbar St., and Cedar St.

Phase II Environmental Site Assessment (ESA) activities were conducted on behalf of a potential
purchaser of the property in July through September 2010. As part of the ESA, 28 soil samples
and 11 ground water samples were collected for laboratory analysis. The results of the soil
sample analyses indicated that low levels of tetrachloroethene (PCE) were present in three soil
samples located on parcels 07325602 (sample B-1) and 07325209 (samples B-3 and B-4) in the
northeastern portion of the site along W. Morehead St. The locations of the soil samples are
indicated in Figure 2. The PCE concentrations did not exceed the North Carolina Department of
Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) Inactive Hazardous Sites Branch (IHSB) health-
based unrestricted use Soil Remedial Goal (SRG).

Of the 11 ground water samples, five samples contained VOCs above North Carolina ground
water standards. The five samples were collected from parcels 07325602 (sample B-1),
07325209 (sample B-3 and B-4), and 07314105 (samples B-7 and B-8) which are located in the
northeastern portion of the site along W. Morehead St. The locations of the ground water
sampling points are provided in Figure 2. The compounds detected above ground water
standards were PCE, trichloroethene (TCE), cis-1,2-dichloroethene (cis-1,2-DCE), and
chloromethane with the primary compound detected being TCE. The TCE ground water data are
summarized in Figure 2. The detected TCE concentrations are above the DENR IHSB ground
water soil vapor screening levels for residential and commercial/industrial site use.

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In our preliminary discussions with the North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural
Resources (DENR) Brownfields Section, DENR indicated that as part of the Brownfields
process, soil vapor sampling would need to be conducted to evaluate if vapor intrusion in the
areas where PCE and TCE were detected in soil or ground water could be a concern for potential
future site development. Therefore, H&H submitted a Soil Vapor Sampling Work Plan dated
October 15, 2010 to DENR for review, and the soil vapor sampling was subsequently conducted
in November 2010.

Soil vapor assessment methods and analytical results are presented in Section 2.0, and our
conclusions and recommendations based upon the analytical data are provided in Section 3.0.

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2.0 Soil Vapor Assessment
The soil vapor sampling was conducted between November 3 and 8, 2010. H&H collected soil
vapor samples from eight locations on the property. The locations of the soil vapor samples are
indicated in Figure 2 and are summarized below:
• Two soil vapor samples (VMP-1 and VMP-2) were collected from parcel 07314105 near
previous ground water samples B-7 and B-8 (Figure 2).
• One soil vapor sample (VMP-4) was collected from parcel 07325602 near previous
ground water and soil sample B-1.
• One soil vapor sample (VMP-5) was collected from the central portion of parcel
07325601 which is located between parcels 07325602 and 07325209.
• One soil vapor sample (VMP-8) was collected from parcel 07325209 near previous soil
and ground water sample B-2 which contained the highest level of TCE in ground water
at the site.
• In accordance with our discussions with DENR, three soil vapor samples were collected
from interior parcels at the site. One of the samples (VMP-3) was collected from the
northern portion of parcel 07314201 near ground water sample B-21, one (VMP-6) was
collected from the northeastern portion of parcel 07325501 between borings B-12 and B-
14, and one (VMP-7) was collected from the southeast portion of parcel 07325207.

2.1 Soil Vapor Sampling Methods

As no structures are present on the property, H&H collected deeper soil vapor samples at a depth
of 6 ft. This interval was selected based upon a review of vapor intrusion guidance which
indicates that at depths below 5 ft, potential atmospheric influences will be negligible.

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The soil vapor points were installed using a direct push technology (DPT) rig. The samples were
collected with the Geoprobe Post Run Tubing (PRT) System. Initially, the DPT rods were
advanced to the desired sampling depth of 6 feet bgs. Then, tubing attached to a dedicated 6-
inch long stainless steel screen was placed within the DPT rods. Once the implant was placed at
the base of the borehole, it was rotated and attached to the anchor point located at the base of the
DPT driving tool. As the DPT rods were removed from the borehole, the implant and associated
tubing remained anchored at the bottom of the hole. Sand pack was then placed in the annular
space between the borehole and screen interval, and the remaining annular space of the screen
was sealed to ground surface using hydrated bentonite to minimize the potential for short
circuiting of vapors in the borehole and at the ground surface. The probe was then completed at
the surface with a valved sample port connected to Teflon® tubing. After allowing the bentonite
slurry to set for a minimum of 24 hours, H&H personnel collected vapor samples from each
VMP on November 8, 2010. Vapor samples were planned to be collected on November 4, 2010;
however, due to precipitation on November 4, the soil vapor points were left in place until
November 8, 2010 when they were sampled.

Prior to sampling, a leak check was conducted at each vapor monitoring point by constructing a
shroud around the sampling point and saturating the air within the shroud with helium gas.
Using a syringe, a sample was collected from the gas in the shroud into a Tedlar® bag and
analyzed for helium concentrations using a helium gas detector to verify that the air in the shroud
was saturated with helium gas. Then, vapor from the vapor monitoring point was purged and
sampled outside of the shroud into a separate Tedlar® bag and analyzed using the helium gas
detector to ensure that helium concentrations were less than 10% of the helium concentrations in
the shroud.

Following a successful leak check, a laboratory supplied 6-liter Summa canister was connected
to a flow regulator which was set to limit the vapor intake rate to approximately 0.75 liter per
hour for a total sample duration of 8 hours. The flow regulator was then connected to the VMP
tubing using a ferrule to form an air-tight seal and the Summa canister’s air intake valve was

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then opened to begin collection of the soil vapor sample. Following completion of the sampling,
the soil vapor points were removed and the borings were abandoned.

Upon completion of the soil vapor sampling, the Summa canisters were shipped under standard
chain-of-custody procedures to Con-Test Analytical Laboratory in East Longmeadow, MA for
analysis of VOCs by EPA Method TO-15.
2.2 Soil Vapor Results

The results of the soil vapor sample analyses are summarized in Table 1, and the laboratory
analytical data sheets are provided in Appendix A. The concentrations of compounds detected in
the soil vapor samples were compared to both the DENR IHSB Residential and
Industrial/Commercial Soil Gas Screening Concentrations (SGSCs).

Please note that the IHSB SGSCs are very conservative and are derived from the EPA Regional
Screening Level (RSL) indoor air concentrations assuming an attenuation factor of 0.1 between
subslab soil vapor and indoor air. However, literature indicates that the attenuation factor
between subslab soil vapor and indoor air is much greater. For example, Johnson, et al. (2002)
indicates that empirical attenuation factors are in the range of 0.0001 to 0.000001, and Johnson
(2002) indicates that a reasonable range of attenuation factors is 0.01 to 0.0001. In addition, the
site samples were collected at a depth of 6 ft and not in subslab shallow soil. Concentrations
detected in the samples would therefore undergo further attenuation between the depth where the
sample was located and the ground surface. With regard to risk levels, the IHSB SGSCs are
based upon a lifetime incremental cancer risk (LICR) of 1 x 10-5 for carcinogens and a hazard
index of 0.2 for non-carcinogens.

As indicated in Table 1, four of the eight soil vapor samples (VMP-1, VMP-2, VMP-3, and
VMP-6) contained compound concentrations above the IHSB Residential SGSCs and, of those
four soil vapor samples, only two (VMP-1 and VMP-2) contained concentrations above the

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IHSB Industrial/Commercial SGSCs. VMP-1, VMP-2, and VMP-3 are located in the southeast
portion of the site, and VMP-6 is located in the central portion of the site.

The highest soil vapor concentrations were detected in samples VMP-1 and VMP-2 which are
located on parcel 07314105 in the southeast upgradient portion of the site near W. Morehead St.
TCE concentrations in VMP-1 (14,000 µg/m3) and VMP-2 (3,100 µg/m3) exceeded the IHSB
Industrial/Commercial SGSC of 610 µg/m3. The TCE concentration in VMP-3 (560 µg/m3) only
exceeded the IHSB Residential SGSC of 120 µg/m3. The PCE concentration in VMP-1 (320
µg/m3) exceeded the IHSB Industrial/Commercial SGSC of 210 µg/m3, while the PCE
concentrations in VMP-2 (72 µg/m3) and VMP-3 (42 µg/m3) exceeded only the IHSB
Residential SGSC of 41 µg/m3. In addition, chloroform was detected in soil vapor sample VMP-
1 (63 µg/m3) above its IHSB Industrial/Commercial SGSC of 53 µg/m3, and cis-1,2,-DCE (a
degradation product of PCE and TCE) was detected above its Residential SGSC in VMP-1.

In VMP-6, located in the central portion of the site, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene (1,2,4-TMB) and
1,3,5-trimethylbenzene (1,3,5-TMB) were detected slightly above their IHSB Residential
SGSCs. 1,2,4-TMB and 1,3,5-TMB were detected at 29 µg/m3 and 23 µg/m3 versus their SGSC
of 14.6 µg/m3.

No compounds above screening levels were found in soil vapor probes VMP-4, VMP-5, VMP-7,
and VMP-8 which are located in the eastern, northeastern, and northwestern portions of the site.

A review of historical activities in the southeastern portion of the site does not indicate any
obvious on-site historical activities for the higher soil vapor concentrations in this portion of the
site. This area of the site was used historically by a gold mine, and then for small commercial
businesses and residential purposes. The higher soil vapor concentrations appear to be
associated with an off-site, upgradient source of chlorinated solvents and preferential migration
of soil vapor along conduits. Potential preferential soil vapor migration conduits could include
relict underground structures associated with the former gold mine located in this area.

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3.0 Conclusions and Recommendations

The results of the soil vapor sampling conducted at the property indicate the presence of elevated
levels of chlorinated solvents in soil vapor in the southeast portion of the property on parcels
07314105 and 07314201. The soil vapor appears to be associated with an off-site upgradient
source and not a source on the property. Based upon the results of the soil vapor sampling, H&H
recommends the following:

• Installation of a soil vapor barrier or mitigation system for potential future enclosed
buildings on Parcel 07314105 located in the far southeastern portion of the site.

• Installation of a soil vapor barrier or mitigation system for potential future enclosed
buildings that may be used for residential purposes on Parcel 07314201.

No vapor barriers or mitigation systems appear warranted for any of the other parcels on the
property. 1,2,4-TMB and 1,3,5-TMB were detected slightly above the Residential SGSCs in
sample VMP-6 located in the central portion of the site. However, based upon the very
conservative nature of the screening levels and the fact that the samples were collected at 6 ft
below ground surface (and additional vapor attenuation would occur between that depth and the
ground surface), H&H does not believe that a vapor barriers or mitigation systems are warranted
for potential future enclosed buildings in this portion of the site.

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4.0 References
EPA (2002). Draft Guidance for Evaluating the Vapor Intrusion to Indoor Air Pathway from
Groundwater and Soils. EPA530-F-02-052, November 2002.

Johnson, Paul (2002). Identification of Critical Parameters for the Johnson and Ettinger (1991) Vapor Intrusion Model. American Petroleum Institute, May 2002.
Johnson, P.C., R.A. Ettinger, J. Kurtz, R. Bryan, and J.E. Kester. (2002). Migration of Soil Gas
Vapors to Indoor Air: Determining Vapor Attenuation Factors Using a Screening-Level Model
and Field Data from the CDOT-MTL Denver, Colorado Site. American Petroleum Institute, May 2002.
Table 1
Summary of Soil Vapor Analytical Detections
18-Acre Beazer Homes Site
Charlotte, NC
Hart & Hickman Project No. BEZ-002
S:\AAA-Master Projects\Beazer Homes\soil vapor\Table 1 - Vapor DataTable 1 - Vapor Data
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VMP-1 11/08/10 TO-15 <24 <3.2 <2.9 48 63 <3.4 7.8 4.9 6.8 510 79 <19 <3.6 <4.3 <4.9 <4.1 <3.5 <2.5 <6.9 <4.3 320 <3.8 <5.5 14000 16 <4.9 <4.9 <8.7 <4.3
VMP-2 11/08/10 TO-15 13 B 1.4 1.6 68 9.0 <0.69 2.2 <0.81 <0.79 3.4 <0.79 <3.8 <0.72 <0.87 <0.98 4.1 2.2 <0.49 1.8 <0.85 72 3.9 <1.1 3100 3.2 <0.98 <0.98 <1.7 1.3
VMP-3 11/08/10 TO-15 13 B 0.82 1.7 3.8 2.3 <0.34 2.5 <0.40 <0.40 4.2 <0.40 3.4 B <0.36 <0.43 <0.49 <0.41 <0.35 <0.25 1.0 B <0.43 42 0.54 <0.55 560 17 <0.49 <0.49 <0.87 <0.43
VMP-4 11/08/10 TO-15 15 B 2.2 1.7 100 <0.98 <0.69 2.5 <0.81 <0.79 <0.79 <0.79 <3.8 <0.72 1.6 <0.98 3.8 2.2 <0.49 <1.4 <0.85 1.4 12 <1.1 <1.1 3.2 <0.98 <0.98 3.0 2.2
VMP-5 11/08/10 TO-15 15 B 3.4 1.3 100 3.3 <0.69 2.7 <0.81 <0.79 <0.79 <0.79 <3.8 <0.72 1.1 <0.98 1.0 2.6 <0.49 <1.4 <0.85 1.4 2.8 1.4 <1.1 6.0 <0.98 <0.98 <1.7 3.2
VMP-6 11/08/10 TO-15 <4.8 27 2.5 170 3.0 23 2.4 2.7 <0.79 <0.79 <0.79 <3.8 <0.72 18 <0.98 24 41 3.7 4.7 9.2 11 48 3.8 2.6 30 29 23 28 25
VMP-7 11/08/10 TO-15 <2.4 17 1.2 46 0.77 4.6 3.3 0.75 <0.40 <0.40 <0.40 <1.9 1.4 2.7 0.80 0.75 9.3 <0.25 1.1 6.1 7.4 19 1.7 4.4 24 2.6 1.1 6.7 6.8
VMP-8 11/08/10 TO-15 <4.8 18 1.3 47 <0.98 4.6 3.0 <0.81 <0.79 <0.79 <0.79 <3.8 <0.20 2.7 <0.98 0.84 9.1 <0.49 <1.4 6.1 7.5 20 1.6 4.5 24 2.8 1.1 6.8 7.0
64,000 31 10,400 1,460 11 NE 420 150 420 126*126 NE NE 97 NE NE 1,460 NE 520 2,000 41 10,400 10,400 120 120 14.6 14.6**1,460 1,460
280,000 160 44,000 6,200 53 NE 1,760 770 1,760 520*520 NE NE 490 NE NE 6,200 NE 2,600 8,800 210 44,000 44,000 610 6,200 62 62**6,200 6,200
Notes:
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1. Only those analytes detected in at least one sample are shown in this table
** = 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene used as a surrogate for 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene
2. Bold indicates concentration exceeds DENR IHSB Residential Soil Gas Screening Levels
4. NE = Value not established, µg/m3 = micrograms per cubic meter , B = analyte is found in the associated blank as well as in the sample* = trans-1,2-dichlorothene used as a surrogate for cis-1,2-dichloroethene
µg/m3
IHSB Industrial/Commercial Soil Gas Screening Concentration
3. Bold and underlined indicates concentration exceeds DENR IHSB Industrial/Commercial Soil Gas Screening Levels
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APPROXIMATE
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N
U.S.G.S. QUADRANGLE MAP
QUADRANGLE
7.5 MINUTE SERIES (TOPOGRAPHIC)
TITLE
PROJECT
SITE LOCATION MAP
18-ACRE BEAZER PROPERTY
CHARLOTTE, NORTH CAROLINA
DATE:
JOB NO:
REVISION NO:
FIGURE:
12-6-10 0
1BEZ-002
CHARLOTTE EAST, NC 1991
Hart & Hickman, PC
Appendix A
Laboratory Analytical Data

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