4103_GreensboroCity_GWMReport_DIN26362_20150108

White Street Landfill - Phase I
Permit # 41-03
Post-Closure Monitoring October 2015
Greensboro North Carolina
S&ME Project No. 1584-98-081C
Prepared for:
The City of Greensboro
Prepared by:
S&ME, Inc.
8646 W Market St, Suite 105
Greensboro, NC 27409
January 29, 2016
White Street Landfill – Phase I
Post-Closure Monitoring Report
Greensboro, North Carolina
S&ME Project No. 1584-98-081C
January 29, 2016 ii
Table of Contents
1.0 Executive Summary...............................................................................................1
2.0 Introduction............................................................................................................2
3.0 Scope Of Work.......................................................................................................2
4.0 Methods Employed...............................................................................................2
4.1 Monitoring Well Sampling..............................................................................................2
4.2 Stream Sampling...............................................................................................................3
5.0 Results......................................................................................................................4
5.1 Groundwater Analytical Results....................................................................................4
5.2 Groundwater Flow Direction..........................................................................................4
5.3 Surface Water....................................................................................................................5
5.4 Quality Assurance............................................................................................................5
6.0 References...............................................................................................................5
7.0 Certification............................................................................................................6
TABLES
Table 1:Well Construction and Groundwater Elevation Data
Table 2:Summary of Groundwater Sampling Field Parameters
Table 3:Summary of Groundwater Analytical Results - Detections
Table 4:Summary of Groundwater Standard Exceedances
Table 5:Summary of Surface Water Analytical Results - Detections
Table 6:Summary of 2B Surface Water Standard - Exceedances
FIGURES
Figure 1:Groundwater Flow Map
Figure 2:Stream Sample Location
APPENDICES
Appendix I: Groundwater Sampling Field Data Sheets
Appendix II: Laboratory Analytical Reports
Appendix III: NCDEQ EDDs (CD only)
White Street Landfill – Phase I
Post-Closure Monitoring Report
Greensboro, North Carolina
S&ME Project No. 1584-98-081C
January 29, 2016 1
1.0 Executive Summary
Five monitoring wells and five stream locations at Phase I of the White Street Landfill were sampled
between October 6, 2015 and October 8, 2015. Five wells (I-1, I-2, I-3, I-4 and MW-13) comprise the
groundwater monitoring system for the closed Phase I portion of the White Street Landfill. Monitoring
well MW-13 serves as a background well for both the Phase I and the Phase II areas. The sampling was
conducted according to North Carolina Solid Waste Management Guidelines and samples were analyzed
by a North Carolina certified laboratory.
Analytical results from the five Phase I monitoring wells indicate that the following NCAC 2L groundwater
quality standards were exceeded.
♦Benzene was detected at 3.3 µg/L at well I-1 which exceeds the 15A NCAC 2L groundwater
standard (2L Standard) of 1 µg/L.
♦Vinyl Chloride was detected at estimated concentrations of 0.65 µg/L and 0.59 µg/L at wells I-2
and I-3, respectively; concentrations that exceed the 2L Standard of 0.03 µg/L.
♦Cadmium was detected at 3.80 µg/L at well I-4 which exceeds the 2L Standard of 2 µg/L.
♦Chromium was detected at 29.9 µg/L at well I-2 which exceeds the 2L Standard of 10 µg/L.
With regards to surface water sampling, both volatile organic constituents and inorganic constituents
were detected at one or more sampled locations. No reported concentrations were greater than the
corresponding NCAC 2B surface water standards or criteria except for chromium, cobalt, copper, lead,
silver, and zinc. Analytical results for surface water samples collected up-stream of the White Street
Landfill also exhibited concentrations of these metals. Water quality immediately down-stream of Phase I
reported no 2B Standard exceedance. In contrast, higher concentrations were reported further down-
stream of the facility in a stream segment potentially influenced by other sources. In view of this and
extensive prior surface water and groundwater monitoring data, the landfill including Phase I is not
considered to be the source of these constituents, or the cause for the apparent exceedances of the 2B
Standards.
It is believed that the cause of the benzene and vinyl chloride 2L Standard exceedances within the
hydrogeologic regime at Phase I is from percolation of landfill constituents from the waste management
unit into the uppermost groundwater aquifer. Based on historic groundwater monitoring data and an
assessment of naturally occurring metals in adjacent Phase II soils, the reported concentrations of
cadmium and chromium are thought to represent a natural occurrence in local groundwater and/or
colloidal solids in the groundwater samples, thus the concentration reported is not thought to indicate a
release from the Phase I waste management unit.
Monitoring well I-1 reported to contain 2L Standard exceedances is located less than 100 feet from the
limit of waste, and between the limits of waste and the compliance boundary. The City of Greensboro
believes that Phase I of the White Street Landfill was closed prior to January 1, 1983, and as such,
assessment and cleanup of this landfill unit should fall under jurisdiction of the NCDENR Inactive
Hazardous Sites program Pre-Regulatory Landfill Unit, for “orphan landfills.”
White Street Landfill – Phase I
Post-Closure Monitoring Report
Greensboro, North Carolina
S&ME Project No. 1584-98-081C
January 29, 2016 2
2.0 Introduction
White Street Landfill is a Solid Waste Management Facility (SWMF) located at the north end of White
Street in northeastern Greensboro. S&ME, Inc. (S&ME) was contracted by the City of Greensboro to
complete this water quality monitoring event. Phase I of the landfill is a closed unit, reportedly covered
by Solid Waste Permit #41-03, which also covers Phase II of the Facility.Figure 1 is a map showing the
monitor well locations. One up-gradient and four down-gradient monitoring wells located along the
perimeter of the closed Phase I disposal area were sampled. Five surface water samples were collected
from North Buffalo Creek and one of its tributaries in the vicinity of the White Street facility. Phase I
shares the surface water sampling locations with adjacent Phase II.
The samples collected from Phase I monitoring wells I-1, I-2, I-3, and I-4, were analyzed for Appendix I
volatile organic constituents and the eight RCRA metals. Since background monitoring well MW-13 is
shared with Phase II, the collected sample was analyzed for Appendix II constituents. This report
discusses the field procedures, summarizes the field measurements and analytical results for the post-
closure monitoring event completed during October 2015.
3.0 Scope Of Work
To complete the scope of work, S&ME completed the following tasks:
♦Sampled five monitoring wells and five surface water locations.
♦Obtained field values for pH, temperature, conductivity, dissolved oxygen (DO), oxidation-
reduction potential (ORP), and turbidity at each sampled monitoring well location.
♦Depths to water measurements were collected prior to sampling and during well purging to
monitor drawdown.
♦Groundwater samples I-1, I-2, I-3, and I-4, were analyzed for Appendix I organic constituents and
8-RCRA metals by a North Carolina certified laboratory, using State approved methods.
♦Groundwater sample MW-13 was analyzed for Appendix II constituents by a North Carolina
certified laboratory, using State approved methods.
♦Surface water samples SW-1, SW-2, SW-3, SW-4 and SW-5 were analyzed for Appendix I
constituents by a North Carolina certified laboratory, using State approved methods.
♦Estimated groundwater flow directions for the Phase I area.
♦Prepared and submitted this Post-Closure Monitoring Report to the City of Greensboro and the
State.
4.0 Methods Employed
4.1 Monitoring Well Sampling
Phase I groundwater monitoring well sampling took place between October 6, and October 7, 2015, with
shared background monitoring well MW-13 sampled on October 8, 2015. The monitoring well locations
are shown on Figure 1. A representative from S&ME opened each well and measured the static water
level from the top edge of the PVC casing in wells. The total well depth sounding data reported for the
sampling events completed during September 1997 and May 1998 were used to determine the volume of
White Street Landfill – Phase I
Post-Closure Monitoring Report
Greensboro, North Carolina
S&ME Project No. 1584-98-081C
January 29, 2016 3
water in wells I-1, I-2, I-3, I-4 and MW-13, where dedicated MicroPurge™pumps had been previously
installed.Table 1 provides a summary of relevant well construction details.
In accordance with the facility's approved Water Quality Monitoring Plan, each well was purged using the
dedicated MicroPurge™pumps using compressed air. At each well, the purge rate and the drawdown of
the water table were monitored as an indicator of how much stress the purging placed on the aquifer.
The purge rates were calculated by recording the time required to fill a graduated cylinder. The purging
flow rates varied but were approximately 100 milliliters/minute (ml/min.). During purging, the depth to
water was periodically monitored and recorded on the groundwater sampling field data sheets.
It is our opinion that the observed drawdowns were generally minor during purging; therefore, the
stresses placed on the aquifer should have been insignificant. The observed drawdown data suggests that
the purging rates should have been low enough such that recharge water should not have been overly
agitated, reducing the potential for colloids to be drawn into the well bore.
The purge water from each of these wells was monitored for pH, temperature, conductivity, DO, ORP and
turbidity. The time interval between measurements approximated one equipment volume, at a minimum.
Sample collection was commenced when the changes in those readings fluctuated no more than 10
percent and utilizing a turbidity goal of 10 NTU, or less. Despite the use of low flow methods, turbidity
values remain higher than ideal or increased during the purging of wells I-2 and I-4; therefore, samples
were collected without meeting the turbidity goal, relying upon professional judgement. The field data
collected during sampling was recorded on the groundwater sampling field data sheets, included in
Appendix I.Table 2 provides a summary of the field data collected during this event.
Groundwater samples were collected from dedicated pump discharge Teflon tubing at the top of each
well. Immediately upon collection, each sample was placed in laboratory supplied containers and placed
in a cooler with ice. The sampler wore nitrile gloves that were changed between wells to reduce the
possibility of cross contamination. Upon collection, the groundwater samples were maintained under
chain-of custody.
Phase I monitoring well samples I-1, I-2, I-3 and I-4 were analyzed for Appendix I volatile organic
constituents and the eight RCRA metals. Since background well MW-13 is shared with Phase II, the
collected sample was analyzed for Appendix II constituents. Analyses were conducted by Environmental
Conservation Laboratories, a North Carolina certified laboratory.
4.2 Stream Sampling
Surface water sampling took place on October 7, 2015. Surface water SW-1 was collected from North
Buffalo Creek on the west side of the U.S. Highway 29 bridge upstream of the landfill. Surface water SW-2
was collected from a southern tributary of North Buffalo Creek just before it joins the main creek west of
the landfill entrance. SW-3 was collected from North Buffalo Creek downstream of the North Buffalo
Wastewater Treatment Plant outfall and upstream of the landfill. SW-4 was collected from North Buffalo
Creek downstream of the landfill at a USGS gauging station located on North Buffalo Creek about three-
quarters of a mile north of the landfill. SW-5 was collected from North Buffalo Creek immediately
downstream of the Phase I and II landfill disposal areas. The locations are shown in Figure 2.
White Street Landfill – Phase I
Post-Closure Monitoring Report
Greensboro, North Carolina
S&ME Project No. 1584-98-081C
January 29, 2016 4
The surface water samples were collected by immersing laboratory supplied containers in the water to be
sampled. After collection, the surface water samples were placed in a cooler with ice and placed under
chain-of-custody. Each surface water sample was analyzed for Appendix I inorganic and volatile organic
constituents by Environmental Conservation Laboratories; a North Carolina certified laboratory.
5.0 Results
5.1 Groundwater Analytical Results
Table 3 provides a summary of the constituent concentrations reported above the method detection limit
(MDL) for the groundwater samples collected. Concentrations reported between the MDL and the Solid
Waste Section Limits (SWSL) are considered estimated, thus shown as a “J” flagged concentration.Table
4 provides a summary of the reported concentrations which exceed the 15A NCAC 2L Standards (2L
Standard). For some constituents where there is no established 2L Standard, North Carolina has
published Interim Maximum Allowable Concentrations (IMACs). The IMAC values are intended to help
NCDENR in assessing conditions and setting health protective groundwater levels at regulated sites. As
such the IMAC are only interim and not final groundwater quality standards. The following summarizes
the exceedances of the corresponding 2L Standard or IMAC.
♦Benzene was detected at 3.3 µg/L at well I-1 which exceeds the 15A NCAC 2L groundwater
standard (2L Standard) of 1 µg/L.
♦Vinyl Chloride was detected at estimated concentrations of 0.65 µg/L and 0.59 µg/L at wells I-2
and I-3, respectively; concentrations that exceed the 2L Standard of 0.03 µg/L.
♦Cadmium was detected at 3.80 µg/L at well I-4 which exceeds the 2L Standard of 2 µg/L.
♦Chromium was detected at 29.9 µg/L at well I-2 which exceeds the 2L Standard of 10 µg/L.
♦At monitoring well MW-13 vanadium was detected at an estimated concentration of 4.71 µg/L,
which is similar to prior reported concentrations. This concentration is greater than the IMAC for
vanadium. Monitoring well MW-13 is a background monitoring well for Phase I and II. The
detected concentration is considered to represent natural background groundwater quality. As a
natural condition, it would not represent an exceedance of the IMAC standard.
The complete laboratory analytical reports are included in Appendix II. Analytical results in the NCDENR
EDD format are contained in Appendix III (CD only).
5.2 Groundwater Flow Direction
The static water levels in the four Phase I monitoring wells were measured between October 6 and
October 7, 2015, while background monitoring well MW-13 was measured on October 8, 2015. The
depths to the water table ranged from 2.57 to 18.01 feet below the top of well casings on these dates.
Groundwater and well casing elevation data are presented in Table 1. A groundwater contour map
constructed using the data collected during this monitoring event is presented as Figure 1. The
groundwater elevation data collected during this monitoring event indicates that the groundwater
beneath Phase I generally flows to the north toward Buffalo Creek.
White Street Landfill – Phase I
Post-Closure Monitoring Report
Greensboro, North Carolina
S&ME Project No. 1584-98-081C
January 29, 2016 5
5.3 Surface Water
Table 5 provides a summary of the constituent concentrations reported above the method detection limit
(MDL) for the surface water samples collected. Concentrations reported between the MDL and the Solid
Waste Section Limits (SWSL) are considered estimated, thus shown as a “J” flagged concentration.Table
6 provides a summary of the reported concentrations which exceed the corresponding 15A NCAC 2B
Standard (2B Standard). The following summarizes the exceedances of the 2B Standards. The complete
laboratory analytical report is included in Appendix II.
♦Cobalt, copper, and zinc were detected at concentrations greater than the corresponding 2B
Standard in sample SW-1.
♦Silver was detected at a concentration greater than the 2B Standard Action Level in sample SW-3.
♦Chromium, cobalt, copper, lead, silver, and zinc were detected at concentrations greater than the
corresponding 2B Standard or Action Levels in sample SW-4.
Surface water sample location SW-1 is up-stream of the facility. Sample location SW-5 is down-stream of
Phase I with analytical results reporting no 2B Standard exceedance. In contrast, sample location SW-4 is
even further down-stream of the facility, and along a stream segment potentially influenced by other
sources. Considering the upstream data, giving greater weight to the analytical results for sample SW-5
located immediately down-stream of Phase I, and giving less weight to the analytical results for sample
SW-4, Phase I are not believed to be the cause for the apparent exceedances of the 2B Standards.
5.4 Quality Assurance
A qualitative review of the data was performed to verify that the detected concentrations in the laboratory
report were of known quality. A formal, quantitative data validation was not performed. Laboratory-
assigned data qualifiers were evaluated to verify that rejected or unsupportable data were not included in
the dataset. Quality control data provided in the laboratory reports were also reviewed. No rejected or
otherwise unacceptable quality data were reported from the laboratory.
The monitoring wells in Phase I were sampled using dedicated micro-purge pumps. Therefore, no
equipment rinse samples were collected for analysis for data quality control. Trip blank samples
accompanied the sample bottles from the time they left the laboratory until they returned. The trip blank
samples were analyzed for Appendix I volatile organic constituents. No volatile organic constituents
were present in the trip blank samples at detectable levels. Laboratory QC samples were analyzed for all
constituents included in this sampling event. The results of the trip blank and laboratory QC sample
analyses are included in Appendix II.
6.0 References
Fetter, C. W., 1988, Applied Hydrogeology, New York; Macmillian Publishing Company, 1988, 592 pp.
North Carolina Administrative Code, Title 15A, Department of Environment, Health and Natural Resources,
Division of Environmental Management, Subchapter 2L, Classifications and Water Quality Standards
Applicable to the Groundwaters of North Carolina, Sections .0100, .0200, and .0300; from the
Environmental Management Commission Raleigh, North Carolina.
White Street Landfill – Phase I
Post-Closure Monitoring Report
Greensboro, North Carolina
S&ME Project No. 1584-98-081C
January 29, 2016 6
North Carolina Administrative Code, Title 15A, Department of Environment, Health and Natural Resources,
Division of Environmental Management, Subchapter 2B, Classifications and Water Quality Standards
Applicable to the Surface Waters of North Carolina, Section .0200; from the Environmental Management
Commission, Raleigh, North Carolina.
North Carolina Administrative Code, Title 15A, Department of Environment, Health and Natural Resources,
Division of Solid Waste Management, subchapter 13B, Solid Waste Management, Section .1600.
7.0 Certification
I hereby certify this 29
th day of January 2016 that this report was prepared by me or under my direct
supervision.
______________________________
Edmund Q.B. Henriques, L.G.
Senior Geologist / Project Manager
Technical support provided by:
______________________________
Amanda Bloom
Staff Professional
TABLE 1
WELL CONSTRUCTION AND GROUNDWATER ELEVATION DATA
PHASE 1 - PERMIT # 41-03
WHITE STREET LANDFILL
GREENSBORO, NORTH CAROLINA
S&ME PROJECT NO. 1584-98-081C
Well ID
Date
Installed
Total
Depth
Well
Diameter
Depth to
Top of
Screen
Well
Screen
Interval
Geology of
Screened Interval Northing Easting
Ground
Elevation
Top of
Casing
Elevation
Depth to
Groundwater1
Groundwater
Elevation
NAD 83 NAD 83 NAVD 88 NAVD 88 October 2015 October 2015
(feet) (inches)(feet)(feet bgs)(feet msl.)(feet msl.)(feet)(feet msl.)
I-1 7/14/1989 24 2 14 14 - 24 partially weather rock 1785583.98 859726.77 not measured 713.75 8.45 705.30
I-2 7/14/1989 24 2 14 14 - 24 sandy silt 1785319.23 860640.98 not measured 703.09 5.21 697.88
I-3 7/14/1989 24 2 14 14 - 24 sandy silt 1785334.06 861315.16 not measured 707.43 14.01 693.42
I-4 7/14/1989 15 2 5 5 -15 sandy silt saprolite 1786167.37 861969.09 not measured 694.94 2.57 692.37
MW-13 7/14/1989 34 2 19 19 - 34 sandy silt saprolite 1783166.56 858751.94 not measured 741.24 18.01 723.23
City of Greensboro provided the top of casing elevations and ground surface elevations
Well Construction details obtained from Well Construction Records reported by BPA Environmental & Engineering, Inc.
feet bgs. = feet below ground surface
feet msl. = feet mean sea level
Depth to Groundwater
1= below top of casing
Groundwater Elevation = calculated groundwater elevation
T:\Projects\1998\ENV\081C White Street Landfill (2014)\2015 Compliance Monitoring\October 2015\Phase 1\Tables_Phase1.xlsx
TABLE 2
SUMMARY OF GROUNDWATER SAMPLING FIELD PARAMETERS
PHASE 1 - PERMIT # 41-03
WHITE STREET LANDFILL
GREENSBORO, NORTH CAROLINA
S&ME PROJECT NO. 1584-98-081C
DATE WELL WELL DEPTH TO WATER ODOR PURGE PUMP WELL EVAC PURGED TEMP pH SPECIFIC ORP DO TURBIDITY
ID DEPTH WATER ELEVATION METHOD RATE VOLUME VOLUME DRY?CONDUCTANCE
(feet)(feet)(feet)(mL/min)(gallons)(gallons)(yes/no)(deg C)(SU)(μs/cm)(mV-NHE)(mg/L)(NTU)
10/6/2015 I-1 24 8.45 705.30 None low flow 100 2.70 1.2 No 17.01 5.48 2341 123 0.99 2.41
10/6/2015 I-2 24 5.21 697.88 None low flow 100 2.60 1.0 No 16.63 5.89 2017 -12 1.19 54.30
10/7/2015 I-3 24 14.01 693.42 None low flow 100 1.66 1.5 No 14.50 5.97 2424 54 0.69 2.96
10/7/2015 I-4 15 2.57 692.37 None low flow 100 2.03 2.0 No 17.89 6.35 1239 106 0.37 27.70
10/7/2015 MW-13 34 18.01 723.23 None low flow 100 2.44 0.7 No 15.81 6.47 304 -38.4 3.80 1.62
Notes:
1. TEMP = groundwater temperature, measured in degrees Celsius
2. Pump Rate, measured in milliliters/minute
3. Specific Conductance, measured in μs/cm indicates micro Siemens per centimeter.
4. SU indicates Standard Units.
5. NTU indicates Nephelometric Turbidity Units.
6. ORP = Oxidation Reduction Potential, mV-NHE indicates millivolts-Normal Hydrogen Electrode.
7. EVAC = evacuated volume of groundwater
8. DO = dissolved oxygen, measured in milligrams per liter
NC SWSL NCAC 2L NCDENR Federal
Well ID I-1 I-2 I-3 I-4 MW-13 Standards IMAC MCLs
Sample ID 4103-I1 4103-I2 4103-I3 4103-I4 4103-MW13
Date Collected 10/06/15 10/06/15 10/07/15 10/07/15 10/08/15
Detected Analytes (µg/L)(µg/L)(µg/L)(µg/L)(µg/L)(µg/L)(µg/L)(µg/L)(µg/L)
111 Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate na na na na 1.8 J 15 3 ns ns
75 1,1-Dichloroethane 1.0 J <0.13 3.2 J <0.13 <0.13 5 6 ns ns
77 1,1-Dichloroethene <0.21 <0.21 0.80 J <0.21 <0.21 5 7 ns ns
69 1,2-Dichlorobenzene <0.19 1.4 J 0.84 J <0.19 <0.19 5 20 ns 600
71 1,4-Dichlorobenzene 3.6 1.7 4.7 0.53 J <0.19 1 6 ns 75
16 Benzene 3.3 <0.15 0.58 J <0.15 <0.15 1 1 ns 5
39 Chlorobenzene 7.2 8.0 18 0.67 <0.17 3 50 ns 100
78 cis-1,2-Dichloroethene 0.94 J 0.41 J 0.87 J <0.15 <0.15 5 70 ns 70
196 Toluene <0.14 0.50 J <0.14 <0.14 <0.14 1 600 ns ns
211 Vinyl Chloride <0.32 0.65 J 0.59 J <0.32 <0.32 1 0.03 ns 2
15 Barium 484 576 151 376 93.3 J 100 700 ns 2,000
34 Cadmium <0.360 <0.360 <0.360 3.80 <0.360 1 2 ns 5
51 Chromium 2.66 29.9 7.78 J 4.61 J <1.40 10 10 ns 100
131 Lead 3.70 J 4.30 J <3.10 3.70 J <3.10 10 15 ns ns
184 Silver <1.90 <1.90 <1.90 <1.90 2.79 J 10 20 ns 100
209 Vanadium na na na na 4.71 J 25 ns 0.3 ns
213 Zinc na na na na 4.19 J 10 1,000 ns 5,000
µg/L =concentrations reported in micrograms per liter (ug/L)
< = concentrations is less than the method detection limit shown
NC SWSL = North Carolina Solid Waste Section Limit
J = Concentration reported greater than the method detection limit but less than the SWSL, thus it is considered estimated
NCAC 2L Standards = 15A North Carolina Administrative Code 2L .0200, GW Quality Standards for Class GA groundwater.
concentrations in bold exceed the corresponding 2L Standard
NCDENR IMAC = Interim Maximum Allowed Concentration, NCDENR
Federal MCL = Maximum Concentration Levels, USEPA
ns = no MCL listed, USEPA
na = not analyzed
S&ME PROJECT NO. 1584-98-081C
TABLE 3
SUMMARY OF GROUNDWATER ANALYSES RESULTS - DETECTIONS
PHASE 1 - PERMIT # 41-03
WHITE STREET LANDFILL
GREENSBORO, NORTH CAROLINA
Appendix II Semi-volatile Organic Compounds
Solid
Waste
Section
ID #
Sample Locations
8-RCRA Metals + Appendix II Metals
Appendix II Volatile Organic Compounds
TABLE 4
SUMMARY OF GROUNDWATER STANDARD EXCEEDANCES
PHASE 1 - PERMIT # 41-03
WHITE STREET LANDFILL
GREENSBORO, NORTH CAROLINA
S&ME PROJECT NO. 1584-98-081C
NCAC 2L NCDENR Federal
Well ID I-1 I-2 I-3 I-4 Standards IMAC MCLs
Sample ID 4103-I1 4103-I2 4103-I3 4103-I4
Date Collected 10/06/15 10/06/15 10/07/15 10/07/15
Detected Analytes (µg/L)(µg/L)(µg/L)(µg/L)(µg/L)(µg/L)(µg/L)
Appendix I Volatile Organic Compounds
16 Benzene 3.3 <0.15 0.58 J <0.15 1 ns 5
211 Vinyl Chloride <0.32 0.65 J 0.59 J <0.32 0.03 ns 2
8-RCRA Metals
34 Cadmium <0.360 <0.360 <0.360 3.80 2 ns 5
51 Chromium 2.66 29.9 7.78 J 4.61 J 10 ns 100
µg/L =concentrations reported in micrograms per liter (µg/L)
< = concentrations is less than the method detection limit shown
NC SWSL = North Carolina Solid Waste Section Limit
NCAC 2L Standards = 15A North Carolina Administrative Code 2L .0200, GW Quality Standards
for Class GA groundwater.
Concentration greater than the NCAC 2L Standards are shown in bold
NCDENR IMAC = Interim Maximum Allowed Concentration, NCDENR
Federal MCL = Maximum Concentration Levels, USEPA
ns = no MCL listed, USEPA
na = not analyzed
Solid
Waste
Section
ID #
Sample Locations
NC SWSL NCAC 2B
Sample Location SW-1 SW-2 SW-3 SW-4 SW-5 Standards
Sample ID 4103-SW1 4103-SW2 4103-SW3 4103-SW4 4103-SW5
Date Collected 10/07/15 10/07/15 10/07/15 10/07/15 10/07/15
Detected Analytes (µg/L)(µg/L)(µg/L)(µg/L)(µg/L)(µg/L)(µg/L)
28 Bromodichloromethane <0.17 <0.17 0.96 J <0.17 <0.17 3 ns
44 Chloroform <0.18 <0.18 2.4 J 0.92 J 1.0 J 5 5.6
13 Antimony 0.268 J <0.220 0.372 J 0.259 J <0.220 6 5.6
15 Barium 85.7 J 42.6 J 28.3 J 319 41.0 J 100 1000
23 Beryllium <0.100 <0.100 <0.100 1.50 <0.100 100 ns
34 Cadmium 0.784 J <0.360 <0.360 5.66 <0.360 1 ns
51 Chromium 7.93 J <1.40 <1.40 66.1 <1.40 10 50
53 Cobalt 4.34 J <1.10 2.43 J 46.5 1.92 J 10 3
54 Copper 11.30 <1.60 2.65 J 57.1 2.17 J 10 7
131 Lead 7.02 J <3.10 <3.10 93.2 <3.10 10 25**
184 Silver <1.90 <1.90 2.74 J <1.90 2.32 J 10 0.06**
152 Nickel 3.16 J <1.80 6.56 J 22.0 J 3.14 J 50 25
209 Vanadium 18.2 J 2.91 J 3.69 J 61.8 3.05 J 25 ns
213 Zinc 117 7.88 J 25.2 1,020 24.5 10 50**
J =
* = Title 15A NCAC 2B Standards for Class C, WS-V surface water
** = Freshwater Standard
µg/L = concentrations reported in micrograms per liter (µg/L)
< = concentrations is less than the method detection limit shown
NC SWSL = North Carolina Solid Waste Section Limit
Concentration reported greater than the method detection limit but less than the SWSL, thus it is considered
estimated
Solid
Waste
Section
ID #
Appendix I Metals
Appendix I Volatile Organic Compounds
Sample Locations
S&ME PROJECT NO. 1584-98-081C
TABLE 5
SUMMARY OF SURFACE WATER ANALYSES RESULTS - DETECTIONS
PHASE 1 - PERMIT # 41-03
WHITE STREET LANDFILL
GREENSBORO, NORTH CAROLINA
SUMMARY OF 2B SURFACE WATER STANDARD EXCEEDANCES
PHASE 1 - PERMIT # 41-03
WHITE STREET LANDFILL
Sample Locations NC SWSL NCAC 2B
Sample Location SW-1 SW-3 SW-4 Standards*
Sample ID 4103-SW1 4103-SW3 4103-SW4
Date Collected 10/07/15 10/07/15 10/07/15
Detected Analytes
(µg/L)(µg/L)(µg/L)(µg/L)(µg/L)
51 Chromium 7.93 J <1.40 66.1 10 50
53 Cobalt 4.34 J 2.43 J 46.5 10 3
54 Copper 11.30 2.65 J 57.1 10 7 (AL)
131 Lead <3.10 <3.10 93.2 10 25**
184 Silver <1.90 2.74 J <1.90 10 0.06** (AL)
213 Zinc 117 25.2 1,020 10 50** (AL)
concentrations in bold print are greater than the referenced NCAC 2B Standard
µg/L =concentrations reported in micrograms per liter (µg/L)
< =concentrations is less than the method detection limit shown
* = Title 15A NCAC 2B Standards for Class C, WS-V surface water
** = Freshwater Standard
(AL) = Action Level
J =
Solid Waste
Section ID #
8-RCRA Metals
TABLE 6
Concentration reported greater than the method detection limit but less than the SWSL, thus it is
considered estimated
GREENSBORO, NORTH CAROLINA
S&ME PROJECT NO. 1584-98-081C
YARD WASTE AND COMPOSTING AREA
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740
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770 780 790800 810 800 790
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730
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710 720 730 740 750
740
730 740
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750 750
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STREAM SAMPLE LOCATION WHITE STREET LANDFILL GREENSBORO, NORTH CAROLINA AS SHOWNDSB/RDMLE 1584-98-081NOVEMBER 20072 PHASE I 0 800 400 800 SCALE: 1" = 800'

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Appendices
Appendix I – Groundwater Sampling Field Data Sheets
Location:Purge Date:
Project No.:Purge Time:
Source Well:Sample Date:
Sample Time:
Locked?:Yes:x No:Weather:
Sampled By:Air Temp:
feet
feet
feet
Purge Method
Sample Method Start 850 Stop 920
Purge Rate ml/min
Control Settings On: 3.0 sec.Start 920 Stop 1000
Off: 27.0 sec.
Pressure: 30 psi
2" well:
height:14.99 x .163 =2.44337
gallons liters x
Yes No x
*Stabilization Parameters
Time Date Temp pH Conductivity *ORP *D.O.*Turbidity DTW
850
855 10/8/2015 15.61 6.42 0.318 -23.8 5.31 8.25 18.61
900 10/8/2015 15.50 6.41 0.318 -28.5 4.26 8.40 18.86
905 10/8/2015 15.68 6.45 0.314 -34.7 3.92 2.01 19.01
910 10/8/2015 15.78 6.48 0.311 -36.2 3.91 1.61 19.09
915 10/8/2015 15.81 6.47 0.306 -37.9 3.83 1.78 19.11
920 10/8/2015 15.81 6.47 0.304 -38.4 3.80 1.62 19.10
Final Readings 920 10/8/2015 15.81 6.47 0.304 -38.4 3.80 1.62 19.10
* C units mS/cm mV mg/L NTU
GROUNDWATER SAMPLING FIELD DATA
Water Level & Well Data
White Street Landfill
1584-98-081
4103-MW13
Thursday, October 08, 2015
920
Sunny
66 *FBradley Keyse
Depth to water from measuring point:18.01
30 Minutes
Thursday, October 08, 2015
Depth to well bottom from measuring point:33.00
Height of water column:14.99
Bladder Pump
100 Sample Collection Time
Measuring point:Top of Casing
Well Purging & Sample Collection
Bladder Pump Purge Time
Was well purged dry
Field Analyses
Volume of water in well
Volume of water removed 3.0
Location:Purge Date:
Project No.:Purge Time:
Source Well:Sample Date:
Sample Time:
Locked?:Yes:x No:Weather:
Sampled By:Air Temp:
feet
feet
16.55 feet
Purge Method
Sample Method Start 1635 Stop 1725
Purge Rate ml/min
Control Settings On: 3.0 sec.Start 1725 Stop 1735
Off: 27.0 sec.
Pressure:psi
2" well:
height:16.55 x .163 =2.69765
gallons liters x
Yes No x
*Stabilization Parameters
Time Date Temp pH Conductivity *ORP *D.O.*Turbidity DTW
1640 10/6/2015 18.74 5.66 2.490 117 2.48 19.50 8.55
1645 10/6/2015 18.72 5.66 2.472 117 2.05 17.10 8.62
1650 10/6/2015 18.10 5.58 2.392 122 1.40 12.40 8.69
1655 10/6/2015 17.87 5.55 2.365 124 1.39 6.84 8.67
1700 10/6/2015 17.89 5.55 2.356 124 1.35 5.76 8.68
1705 10/6/2015 17.64 5.53 2.350 124 0.83 3.84 8.68
1710 10/6/2015 17.43 5.53 2.346 123 0.89 3.25 8.68
1715 10/6/2015 17.24 5.53 2.342 122 0.98 2.46 8.68
1720 10/6/2015 17.10 5.51 2.341 121 0.95 2.34 8.68
1725 10/6/2015 17.01 5.48 2.341 123 0.99 2.41 8.64
Final Readings 1725 10/6/2015 17.01 5.48 2.341 123 0.99 2.41 8.64
* C units mS/cm mV mg/L NTU
Sample Collection Time
Was well purged dry
Field Analyses
Volume of water in well
Volume of water removed 4.0
100
Depth to well bottom from measuring point:25.00
Height of water column:
Bladder Pump
Measuring point:Top of Casing
Well Purging & Sample Collection
Bladder Pump Purge Time
Gary Simcox
Depth to water from measuring point:8.45
1735
Sunny
70 *F
Water Level & Well Data
Tuesday, October 06, 2015
Tuesday, October 06, 2015
GROUNDWATER SAMPLING FIELD DATA
White Street Landfill
1584-98-081
4103-I1
Location:Purge Date:
Project No.:Purge Time:
Source Well:Sample Date:
Sample Time:
Locked?:Yes:x No:Weather:
Sampled By:Air Temp:
feet
feet
16.09 feet
Purge Method
Sample Method Start 1755 Stop 1840
Purge Rate ml/min
Control Settings On: 3.0 sec.Start 1840 Stop 1850
Off: 27.0 sec.
Pressure:psi
2" well:
height:16.09 x .163 =2.62267
gallons liters x
Yes No x
*Stabilization Parameters
Time Date Temp pH Conductivity *ORP *D.O.*Turbidity DTW
1800 10/6/2015 17.12 6.01 2.044 -4 7.70 36.70 6.25
1805 10/6/2015 17.07 5.97 2.045 -8 1.42 51.00 6.61
1810 10/6/2015 17.07 5.95 2.044 -10 1.15 62.70 6.82
1815 10/6/2015 17.03 5.94 2.041 -11 1.15 63.50 6.95
1820 10/6/2015 16.95 5.93 2.035 -12 1.17 64.60 7.14
1825 10/6/2015 16.92 5.93 2.032 -12 1.54 61.70 7.15
1830 10/6/2015 16.88 5.93 2.028 -12 1.55 57.90 7.19
1835 10/6/2015 16.76 5.92 2.021 -12 1.22 57.40 7.21
1840 10/6/2015 16.63 5.89 2.017 -12 1.19 54.30 7.20
Final Readings 1840 10/6/2015 16.63 5.89 2.017 -12 1.19 54.30 7.20
* C units mS/cm mV mg/L NTU
Tuesday, October 06, 2015
Tuesday, October 06, 2015
White Street Landfill
1584-98-081
4103-I2
Bladder Pump Purge Time
GROUNDWATER SAMPLING FIELD DATA
Water Level & Well Data
Depth to water from measuring point:5.21
1850
Height of water column:
Measuring point:Top of Casing
Well Purging & Sample Collection
Clear
60 *FGary Simcox
Depth to well bottom from measuring point:21.30
Field Analyses
Volume of water in well
Volume of water removed 4.0
Bladder Pump
100 Sample Collection Time
Was well purged dry
Location:Purge Date:
Project No.:Purge Time:
Source Well:Sample Date:
Sample Time:
Locked?:Yes:x No:Weather:
Sampled By:Air Temp:
feet
feet
feet
Purge Method
Sample Method Start 730 Stop 830
Purge Rate ml/min
Control Settings On: 3.0 sec.Start 830 Stop 840
Off: 27.0 sec.
Pressure: 21 psi
2" well:
height:10.19 x .163 =1.66097
gallons liters x
Yes No x
*Stabilization Parameters
Time Date Temp pH Conductivity *ORP *D.O.*Turbidity DTW
735 10/7/2015 14.54 6.03 2.352 88 4.97 38.60 14.04
740 10/7/2015 14.45 6.00 2.399 78 3.47 15.30 14.15
745 10/7/2015 14.34 5.98 2.430 71 2.51 12.70 14.15
750 10/7/2015 14.33 5.97 2.458 65 1.88 10.55 14.22
755 10/7/2015 14.27 5.97 2.471 61 1.49 9.04 14.18
800 10/7/2015 14.22 5.96 2.478 57 1.19 8.01 14.16
805 10/7/2015 14.31 5.96 2.483 53 0.95 6.39 14.15
810 10/7/2015 14.37 5.97 2.480 51 0.85 4.76 14.16
815 10/7/2015 14.13 5.95 2.463 52 0.73 3.92 14.16
820 10/7/2015 14.51 5.96 2.451 52 0.67 3.17 14.16
825 10/7/2015 14.51 5.97 2.435 53 0.64 3.03 14.16
830 10/7/2015 14.50 5.97 2.424 54 0.69 2.96 14.16
Final Readings 830 10/7/2015 14.50 5.97 2.424 54 0.69 2.96 14.16
* C units mS/cm mV mg/L NTU
Field Analyses
Volume of water in well
Volume of water removed 4.0
Bladder Pump
100 Sample Collection Time
Was well purged dry
Measuring point:Top of Casing
Well Purging & Sample Collection
Bladder Pump Purge Time
Depth to well bottom from measuring point:24.20
Height of water column:10.19
Gary Simcox
Depth to water from measuring point:14.01
Clear
55 *F
Water Level & Well Data
Wednesday, October 07, 2015
Wednesday, October 07, 2015
GROUNDWATER SAMPLING FIELD DATA
White Street Landfill
1584-98-081
4103-I3
840
Location:Purge Date:
Project No.:Purge Time:
Source Well:
Sample Time:
Locked?:Yes:x No:Weather:
Sampled By:Air Temp:
feet
feet
feet
Purge Method
Sample Method Start 915 Stop 1035
Purge Rate ml/min
Control Settings On: 2.0 sec.Start 1035 Stop 1045
Off: 28.0 sec.
Pressure: 15 psi
2" well:
height:12.43 x .163 =2.02609
gallons liters x
Yes No x
*Stabilization Parameters
Time Date Temp pH Conductivity *ORP *D.O.*Turbidity DTW
920 10/7/2015 16.51 6.48 1.430 45 6.65 64.00 3.42
925 10/7/2015 16.58 6.46 1.380 47 3.32 73.10 3.76
930 10/7/2015 16.66 6.43 1.336 50 1.34 71.20 3.90
935 10/7/2015 16.76 6.42 1.307 53 0.98 67.50 4.05
940 10/7/2015 17.01 6.37 1.258 68 0.57 68.60 4.21
945 10/7/2015 17.09 6.36 1.252 72 0.48 69.90 4.31
950 10/7/2015 17.17 6.36 1.245 78 0.29 61.80 4.44
955 10/7/2015 17.33 6.35 1.239 86 0.35 58.40 4.54
1000 10/7/2015 17.37 6.34 1.237 89 0.30 48.00 4.53
1005 10/7/2015 17.41 6.34 1.236 92 0.27 44.90 4.56
1010 10/7/2015 17.48 6.34 1.235 96 0.29 40.10 4.54
1015 10/7/2015 17.57 6.34 1.235 99 0.23 37.00 4.55
1020 10/7/2015 17.67 6.34 1.236 102 0.29 32.10 4.54
1025 10/7/2015 17.79 6.35 1.239 104 0.30 29.40 4.54
1030 10/7/2015 17.83 6.35 1.239 106 0.36 28.50 4.54
1035 10/7/2015 17.89 6.35 1.239 106 0.37 27.70 4.54
Final Readings 1035 10/7/2015 17.89 6.35 1.239 106 0.37 27.70 4.54
* C units mS/cm mV mg/L NTU
GROUNDWATER SAMPLING FIELD DATA
Water Level & Well Data
White Street Landfill
1584-98-081
4103-I4
Wednesday, October 07, 2015
1045
Sunny
Wednesday, October 07, 2015
Was well purged dry
Field Analyses
60 *FGary Simcox
Measuring point:Top of Casing
Well Purging & Sample Collection
Depth to water from measuring point:2.57
Depth to well bottom from measuring point:15.00
Height of water column:12.43
Bladder Pump Purge Time
Volume of water in well
Volume of water removed 5.0
Bladder Pump
100 Sample Collection Time
Location:Purge Date:
Project No.:Purge Time:
Source Well:Sample Date:
Sample Time:
Locked?:Yes:x No:Weather:
Sampled By:Air Temp:
feet
feet
0.00 feet
Purge Method
Sample Method Start Stop
Purge Rate ml/min
Control Settings On:sec.Start Stop
Off:sec.
Pressure:psi
2" well:
height:0 x .163 =0
gallons liters
Yes No
*Stabilization Parameters
Time Date Temp pH Conductivity *ORP *D.O.*Turbidity DTW
Final Readings 1400 10/7/2015 18.76 7.27 0.229
* C units mS/cm
GROUNDWATER SAMPLING FIELD DATA
Water Level & Well Data
Depth to water from measuring point:
1400
1584-98-081
White Street Landfill
4112-SW1
Gary Simcox
Sunny
65 *F
Summit Avenue Bridge
Field Analyses
Volume of water in well
Volume of water removed
Was well purged dry
Measuring point:
Wednesday, October 07, 2015
Wednesday, October 07, 2015
Height of water column:
Sample Collection Time
Depth to well bottom from measuring point:
Well Purging & Sample Collection
Purge Time
Location:Purge Date:
Project No.:Purge Time:
Source Well:Sample Date:
Sample Time:
Locked?:Yes:x No:Weather:
Sampled By:Air Temp:
feet
feet
0.00 feet
Purge Method
Sample Method Start Stop
Purge Rate ml/min
Control Settings On:sec.Start Stop
Off:sec.
Pressure:psi
2" well:
height:0 x .163 =0
gallons liters x
Yes No x
*Stabilization Parameters
Time Date Temp pH Conductivity *ORP *D.O.*Turbidity DTW
Final Readings 1320 10/7/2015 17.11 7.37 0.151
* C units mS/cm
Sample Collection Time
Was well purged dry
Field Analyses
Volume of water in well
Volume of water removed
GROUNDWATER SAMPLING FIELD DATA
Water Level & Well Data
Depth to water from measuring point:
1320
Sunny
65 *FGary Simcox
Height of water column:
Measuring point:
Well Purging & Sample Collection
Purge Time
Depth to well bottom from measuring point:
Wednesday, October 07, 2015
Wednesday, October 07, 2015
White Street Landfill
1584-98-081
4112-SW2
White Street and Nealtown Road
Location:Purge Date:
Project No.:Purge Time:
Source Well:Sample Date:
Sample Time:
Locked?:Yes:No:Weather:
Sampled By:Air Temp:
feet
feet
feet
Purge Method
Sample Method Start Stop
Purge Rate ml/min
Control Settings On:sec.Start Stop
Off:sec.
Pressure:psi
2" well:
height:0 x .163 =0
gallons liters
Yes No x
*Stabilization Parameters
Time Date Temp pH Conductivity *ORP *D.O.*Turbidity DTW
Final Readings 154 10/7/2015 21.82 7.34 0.337
* C units mS/cm
Depth to well bottom from measuring point:
Purge Time
Measuring point:
Sample Collection Time
Well Purging & Sample Collection
Height of water column:0.00
GROUNDWATER SAMPLING FIELD DATA
Water Level & Well Data
Depth to water from measuring point:
1545
65 *F
White Street Landfill Wednesday, October 07, 2015
Wednesday, October 07, 2015
1584-98-081
4112-SW3
Gary Simcox
Sunny
Waste Water Treatment Plant
Was well purged dry
Field Analyses
Volume of water in well
Volume of water removed
Location:Purge Date:
Project No.:Purge Time:
Source Well:Sample Date:
Sample Time:
Locked?:Yes:x No:Weather:
Sampled By:Air Temp:
feet
feet
feet
Purge Method
Sample Method Start Stop
Purge Rate ml/min
Control Settings On:sec.Start Stop
Off:sec.
Pressure:psi
2" well:
height:0 x .163 =0
gallons liters
Yes No
*Stabilization Parameters
Time Date Temp pH Conductivity *ORP *D.O.*Turbidity DTW
Final Readings 1445 10/7/2015 20.90 7.62 0.299
* C units mS/cm
Field Analyses
Wednesday, October 07, 2015
Measuring point:
Depth to water from measuring point:
Depth to well bottom from measuring point:
Height of water column:0.00
Volume of water removed
Well Purging & Sample Collection
Sample Collection Time
Was well purged dry
Purge Time
Volume of water in well
GROUNDWATER SAMPLING FIELD DATA
Water Level & Well Data
1445
Sunny
65 *F
White Street Landfill Wednesday, October 07, 2015
1584-98-081
4112-SW4
Gary Simcox
Rankin Mill Road Bridge
Location:Purge Date:
Project No.:Purge Time:
Source Well:Sample Date:
Sample Time:
Locked?:Yes:x No:Weather:
Sampled By:Air Temp:
feet
feet
feet
Purge Method
Sample Method Start Stop
Purge Rate gpm
Control Settings On:sec.Start Stop
Off:sec.
Pressure:psi
2" well:
height:0 x .163 =0
gallons x liters
Yes No x
*Stabilization Parameters
Time Date Temp pH Conductivity *ORP *D.O.*Turbidity DTW
Final Readings 124 10/7/2015 19.20 7.19 0.284
* C units mS/cm
Depth to well bottom from measuring point:
Purge Time
Measuring point:
Sample Collection Time
Well Purging & Sample Collection
Height of water column:0.00
GROUNDWATER SAMPLING FIELD DATA
Water Level & Well Data
Depth to water from measuring point:
1245
65 *F
White Street Landfill Wednesday, October 07, 2015
Wednesday, October 07, 2015
1584-98-081
4112-SW5
Gary Simcox
Sunny
Below monitor well II-3
Was well purged dry
Field Analyses
Volume of water in well
Volume of water removed 0.0
Appendix II – Laboratory Analytical Reports
Appendix III – NCDEQ EDDs (CD Only)