8106_Duke_Rogers_OpsPlan_DIN25732_20160613

Duke Energy
Rogers Energy Complex
(Formerly Cliffside Steam Station)

Rogers CCP Landfill
Operations Plan
Permit No. 8106

March 2016

Prepared for:

i
Table of Contents
Section 1 General Facility Operations ............................................................................... 1-1
1.1 Overview ...................................................................................................................................................................... 1-1
1.2 Contact Information ................................................................................................................................................ 1-1
1.3 Safety .............................................................................................................................................................................. 1-1
1.4 Access and Security Requirements ................................................................................................................... 1-2
1.5 Operating Hours ........................................................................................................................................................ 1-2
1.6 Signs ............................................................................................................................................................................... 1-2
1.7 Training ......................................................................................................................................................................... 1-2
1.8 Record Keeping.......................................................................................................................................................... 1-3
1.9 Drawings ...................................................................................................................................................................... 1-3
Section 2 Operations Management .................................................................................. 2-1
2.1 Waste Handling and Landfill Sequencing ....................................................................................................... 2-1
2.1.1 Landfill Capacity .......................................................................................................................................... 2-1
2.1.2 Waste Acceptance, Disposal, and Screening Requirements ..................................................... 2-2
2.1.3 Dust, Litter, Odor, and Vector Control ................................................................................................ 2-3
2.1.4 Fire Control .................................................................................................................................................... 2-3
2.1.5 Landfill Sequencing .................................................................................................................................... 2-3
2.1.6 Waste Placement ......................................................................................................................................... 2-3
2.1.6.1 Bottom Ash, Fly Ash and Gypsum Material ........................................................................ 2-3
2.1.6.2 Wastewater Sludge, Pyrites, and Coal Mill Rejects ......................................................... 2-4
2.1.6.3 Vacuum Truck Waste ................................................................................................................... 2-4
2.1.7 Compaction Requirements and Testing ............................................................................................ 2-5
2.1.7.1 In-Place Density and Moisture Content Testing .............................................................. 2-5
2.1.7.2 Laboratory Testing ....................................................................................................................... 2-6
2.1.8 Cover Requirements .................................................................................................................................. 2-6
2.1.8.1 Operational Cover ......................................................................................................................... 2-6
2.1.8.2 Intermediate Cover ....................................................................................................................... 2-6
2.1.8.3 Final Cover ....................................................................................................................................... 2-6
2.2 Leachate and Stormwater Management ......................................................................................................... 2-7
2.3 Leachate Collection System (LCS) ..................................................................................................................... 2-7
2.3.1 LCS Maintenance ......................................................................................................................................... 2-8
2.3.2 LCS Record Keeping and Sampling ...................................................................................................... 2-8
2.3.3 Leachate Spill Procedures ....................................................................................................................... 2-8
2.4 Stormwater Collection and Conveyance ......................................................................................................... 2-9
2.4.1 Stormwater Discharge .............................................................................................................................. 2-9
2.5 Stormwater Maintenance Requirements .....................................................................................................2-10
2.6 Groundwater Monitoring Well Access Requirements ............................................................................2-10
2.7 Landfill Gas Management ....................................................................................................................................2-10
Section 3 Erosion and Sediment Control ........................................................................... 3-1
3.1 E&SC Measures Monitoring and Maintenance ............................................................................................. 3-1
3.2 Surface Erosion Monitoring ................................................................................................................................. 3-2
Table of Contents 
ii
Section 4 Vegetation Management .................................................................................. 4-1
4.1 Temporary Seeding .................................................................................................................................................. 4-1
4.2 Permanent Seeding .................................................................................................................................................. 4-1
4.3 Over-Seeding ............................................................................................................................................................... 4-1
Section 5 Landfill Closure ................................................................................................. 5-1
Section 6 Required Regulatory Submittals........................................................................ 6-1

Appendices
Appendix A Dust Control Plan Appendix A Dust Control Plan

List of Tables
Table 1-1 Phase II Permit Drawings ................................................................................................................................... 1-4
Table 2-1 Landfill Capacity ..................................................................................................................................................... 2-2
Table 6-1 Required Regulatory Submittals ..................................................................................................................... 6-1

Table of Contents 
iii

Description of Revisions
The following table provides a brief description of the revisions to the Operations Plan.
Revision Date of Document Description of Revisions
Initial Issue December 2008 Initial issuance of document for Phase I.
Revision 1 June 2009 Revised per NCDEQ review comments.
Revision 2 August 2010  Revised as part of the CQA report submittal.
 Included provision regarding video inspection of LCS pipes.
 Revised waste accepted source and material.
Revision 3 August 2012 Revised to include Phases I and II with Phase II PTC application.
Revision 4 March 2016  Global format revision to match Duke fleet standard.
 Revised to include additional waste accepted material (including
conditioning agents, Duke Energy Corporation Facility ash, lime
and power generated geotextile material).

1-1
Section 1
General Facility Operations
1.1 Overview
The purpose of this Operations Plan is to provide a plan for the safe and efficient operations of the
Rogers CCP Landfill (Formerly Cliffside CCP Landfill) at the Duke Energy Rogers Energy Complex
(formerly Cliffside Steam Station). This Operations Plan presents the operation requirements for:
(1) General Facility Operations, (2) Operations Management, (3) Erosion and Sedimentation
Control, and (4) Vegetation Management along with guidance for Landfill Closure and Required
Regulatory Submittals. This Operations Plan was prepared consistent with 15A NCAC 13B .0505
Operational Requirements for Sanitary Landfill rules.
The Rogers Energy Complex is located in Rutherford and Cleveland Counties, North Carolina, to
the east of US Highway 221 and south of the Broad River. The CCP Landfill is located to the
southwest of the plant on property owned by Duke Energy and will be entirely situated within
Rutherford County.
1.2 Contact Information
Correspondence and questions concerning the operation of the Rogers CCP Landfill should be
directed to the appropriate entity as follows:
Owner
Duke Energy Carolinas, LCC
Rogers Energy Complex
573 Duke Power Road
Mooresboro, North Carolina 28114
[phone]
Facility Contact: Site Environmental Coordinator/CCP System Owner
State Regulatory Agency
North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality
Division of Waste Management, Solid Waste Section
Asheville Regional Office
2090 US Highway 70
Swannanoa, North Carolina 28778
[phone]
Permitting Engineer: Mr. Larry Frost
1.3 Safety
The Rogers CCP Landfill operations were developed with consideration to the health and safety of
the facility’s operating staff. The operating staff will be provided with site-specific safety training
Section 1  Introduction
1-2
prior to landfill operations, and on-site activities are to be conducted according to the applicable
sections of Duke’s Safe Work Practices.
1.4 Access and Security Requirements
The Rogers CCP Landfill is located entirely within Duke’s property limits. Security for the site is
currently in place, consisting of fencing, gates, wooded buffers and security check stations.
Unauthorized vehicle access to the site is prevented around the landfill property by security
check stations, woods, fencing, gates and stormwater conveyance features.
The access road to the site will be of all-weather construction and will be maintained in good
condition. Potholes, ruts, and debris on the road(s) will receive immediate attention in order to
avoid damage to vehicles.
1.5 Operating Hours
The Rogers CCP Landfill will be operated seven days a week, as needed.
1.6 Signs
A sign providing the landfill permit number and a statement reading, “NO HAZARDOUS OR
LIQUID WASTE PERMITTED” is posted at the site entrance and shall be maintained in good
condition.
Edge-of-waste markers are installed and delineate the edge of waste. These markers are
maintained in good condition and are visible at all times.
1.7 Training
Due to the diversity and nature of job tasks required at the Rogers CCP Landfill, personnel shall
be adequately trained to handle facility operations and maintenance.
The Station Sponsor for Landfill Operations shall have a general understanding of all the tasks
required for site operations. Individuals performing the various tasks shall have adequate
training of the site-specific tasks they are assigned. Duke shall provide a site-specific training
program for facility personnel.
Noteworthy operations and maintenance tasks to be addressed in training include:
 Maintaining accurate records of waste loading (quantitative and qualitative).
 Operating requirements for stormwater segregation from exposed waste areas.
 Operating and maintaining the leachate collection system (LCS).
All training will be documented and training records will be kept on-site. The Station Sponsor for
Landfill Operations will conduct Operations Plan training courses in accordance with the permit
requirements.
Section 1  Introduction
1-3
1.8 Record Keeping
An operating record is maintained on-site, including but not limited to the following records:
 Leachate Collection Systems (LCS) – Periodic Maintenance Documentation
 Leachate Monitoring
 Stormwater Maintenance and Inspection Logs
 Erosion and Sedimentation Control Inspection Logs
 Periodic Landfill Inspection Reports
 Dust Control Plan Monitoring Worksheets (included in the Dust Control Plan)
 Groundwater Monitoring (and Sampling) Documentation
 Operations Plan
The above records are to be kept in the operating record for the active life of the landfill and the
post-closure care period. Information contained in the operating record must be furnished upon
request to the NCDEQ Division of Waste Management, Solid Waste Section (Division) or be made
available for inspection by the Division. Additional records kept on-site should include:
 Solid waste facility permits
 Site Suitability Study
 Permit to Construct Applications
 Landfill drawings and specifications
 Record of the amount of solid waste received summarized on a monthly basis based on
scale records
 Vacuum truck waste logs
 Regulatory agency inspection reports
 Employee training program and records
1.9 Drawings
A list of landfill permit drawings is provided in Table 1-1. The permit drawings provide the
location of landfill features, landfill construction details, and technical design and construction
notes.

Section 1  Introduction
1-4
Table 1-1. Phase II Permit Drawings
G-1 Cover Sheet
G-2 Contractor Staging And Work Area Plan
C-1 Existing Site Conditions And Boring Plan
C-2 Erosion And Sediment Control Plan
C-3 Liner System Subgrade Grading Plan
C-4 HDPE Liner And Leachate Collection & Removal System (LCRS) Plan
C-5 Protective Cover And Stormwater Collection Plan
C-20 Bedrock Surface Contour Map
C-21 Estimated Seasonal High Groundwater Surface Map
C-22 Closure Grading And Stormwater Plan
CD-1 Liner System And Berm Details
CD-2 Leachate Collection System Details
CD-3 Leachate Sump Details (1 Of 2)
CD-4 Leachate Sump Details (2 Of 2)
CD-5 Erosion And Sediment Control Details (1 Of 2)
CD-6 Erosion And Sediment Control Details (2 Of 2)
CD-7 Stormwater Management Details
CD-20 Landfill Cross Sections
CD-21 Closure Details (1 Of 2)
CD-22 Closure Details (2 Of 2)
FP-1 Liner System Subgrade Grading Plan Overall Facility Plan
FP-2 Phase I Closure Grading Plan
FP-3 Phase II Closure Grading Plan
FP-4 Phase III Closure Grading Plan
FP-5 Phase IV Closure Grading Plan
FP-6 Phase V Closure Grading Plan
FP-7 Landfill Cross Sections At End Of Phase V

2-1
Section 2
Operations Management
The primary objective of operations management at the Rogers CCP Landfill is to dispose of waste
material in compliance with permit conditions while operating in a safe manner.
Generally, landfill operations will continue in Phase I and begin in the east side of Phase II. Filling
will move westward in Phase II. Contact water from the active face will be directed to chimney
drains interior to the landfill footprint. Stormwater diversion berms and other features will be
utilized to separate contact from non-contact water.
Contact water is defined as water that contacts waste, including exposed waste within the landfill,
operational haul roads surfaced with bottom ash generally located within the limit of waste, and
perimeter access roads between the point of landfill egress and the wheel wash. Contact water will
be managed as leachate while non-contact water will be managed as stormwater.
The exterior side slopes of the landfill will be constructed to slopes of 3 to 1 (horizontal to vertical)
and will be periodically covered with approximately 12-inches of intermediate soil cover.
Intermediate cover and dust control measures will be implemented as described in the Dust
Control Plan.
During operations, tack-on benches may be located along exterior side slopes at intervals of
approximately 30 vertical feet (90 horizontal feet) to intercept surface water flows and decrease
erosion potential. The tack-on benches will convey flow to downdrains which will consist of HDPE
pipes installed perpendicular to the landfill side slope contours.
The downdrains will convey flow to the perimeter channel system and to sedimentation ponds.
2.1 Waste Handling and Landfill Sequencing
2.1.1 Landfill Capacity
The Rogers CCP Landfill was designed to receive waste at an annual disposal rate of 400,000 tons
per year or 400,000 cubic yards per year assuming an in-place dry density of CCP materials of 1 ton
per cubic yard. The estimated capacity of the landfill is presented in the following table:

Section 2  Operations Management
2-2
Table 2-1. Landfill Capacity
Description Phase I Phase II Phase III Phase IV Phase V
Lined Area (acres) 23.3 15.3 16.9 16.2 14.3
Gross Volume (yd3) 2,415,000 1,922,000 3,654,000 3,327,000 2,025,000
Net Volume (for CCP and
Cover Soil) (yd3) 2,183,000 1,763,000 3,447,000 3,132,000 1,872,000
Amount of CCP (tons) 2,505,000 2,023,000 3,956,000 3,594,000 2,148,000
Disposal Life (yrs) 6.3 5.1 9.9 9.0 5.4
See Section 1.2.1 of the Phase II Engineering Plan for assumptions.
The actual quantity of material disposed in the landfill and disposal life may vary pending CCP unit
closure requirements, power production and additional projects requiring the placement of waste
at Rogers.
2.1.2 Waste Acceptance, Disposal, and Screening Requirements
The Rogers CCP Landfill will only accept residual wastes generated by Duke Energy
Corporation facilities. Residuals wastes will include fly ash, bottom ash, boiler slag, coal
mill rejects/pyrites, flue gas desulfurization sludge, gypsum, leachate basin sludge, non-
hazardous sandblast material, limestone, lime, ball mill rejects, coal, carbon, sulfur pellets,
cation and anion resins, sediment from sumps, cooling tower sludge, filter bags,
conditioning agents (e.g., lime kiln dust), soil material that contains any of the above
material and soil used for operations.
The Rogers CCP Landfill will accept incidental amounts of geotextile used in the
management of CCP's. The geotextile materials are to be porous in nature and may include
but are not limited to: silt bags, bag house bags, geotubes, and geotextile fabric used to
manage CCP material.

In accordance with 15A NCAC 13B .0505 (10) (e), barrels and drums shall not be disposed of unless
they are empty and perforated sufficiently to ensure that no liquid or hazardous waste is contained
therein. The Rogers CCP Landfill will not be accepting barrels and/or drums.
The Rogers CCP Landfill will not be open for public disposal.
The landfill owner or operator shall notify the Division within 24 hours of attempted disposal of
any wastes the landfill is not permitted to receive.
At a minimum, hazardous waste, yard trash, liquid wastes, regulated medical waste, sharps not
properly packaged, polychlorinated diphenyl (PCB) waste as defined in 40 Code of general
regulations (CFR) 761, and wastes banned from disposal in North Carolina by General Statute
130A-309.10(f), must not be accepted at the landfill.
Section 2  Operations Management
2-3
Asbestos waste will not be disposed of in the landfill.
The removal of waste from the landfill is prohibited without owner or operator approval. Waste
will be hauled and disposed of by dedicated and consistent operators from the waste source to the
landfill.
Access to the interim waste storage location(s) (i.e. existing ash basins and ash fills), haul routes
and landfill are restricted; therefore, no screening of waste is recommended.
2.1.3 Dust, Litter, Odor, and Vector Control
Litter, odors, and vectors are not anticipated to be concerns at the Rogers CCP Landfill. The waste
placed in the landfill does not attract vectors, and windblown material is not anticipated to be a
problem. Odors are typically not a problem at CCP waste landfills.
Dust control is addressed in the Dust Control Plan included as Appendix A. Generally, dust control
measures will be implemented when necessary, and will include, at a minimum, watering of dusty
roads and exposed work areas. Other measures include physical measures such as fencing and/or
berms, temporary covers (like tarps), spraying dust suppressants, and modifying the active work
area. Additionally, intermediate cover will be vegetated as soon as practical in order to minimize
the blowing of dust on-site.
2.1.4 Fire Control
No open burning shall be permitted at the Rogers CCP Landfill. There are no explosive gas concerns
with the CCP material; therefore, the threat of fire is considered to be minimal.
Although it is unlikely, if a fire occurs at the landfill, the Station Control Room (phone number: 828-
657-0600) shall be notified, and equipment and stockpiled soil shall be provided to control
accidental fires. Rogers Energy Complex will notify the local fire department, which will be
immediately dispatched to assist with fire control. Any fire that occurs at the landfill shall be
reported to the Division within 24 hours, and a written notification will be submitted within 15
days by the Station Sponsor for Landfill Operations.
2.1.5 Landfill Sequencing
The Rogers CCP Landfill will be constructed in sequence from Phase I through Phase V as shown in
the Phase II permit drawings. More than one phase may be operational at a time. The phases may
also be subdivided into cells which could be constructed sequentially or at the same time. The
actual filling sequence, fill heights, and grades may be modified at the owner’s discretion.
2.1.6 Waste Placement
2.1.6.1 Bottom Ash, Fly Ash and Gypsum Material
Bottom ash and fly ash material at the Rogers Energy Complex is transported from the interim
waste storage areas to the landfill by using on-road or off-road dump trucks. Upon reaching the
active face of the landfill, the waste is dumped from the dump trucks onto the active face of the
landfill. After the waste is dumped, the dump trucks exit the landfill and pass through a wheel wash
system before return to the interim waste storage areas. The interim waste storage areas, haul
roads, and landfill are located within the secured Rogers Energy Complex facility.
Section 2  Operations Management
2-4
Gypsum waste generally has a finer particle gradation than fly ash waste. If gypsum is being placed
in an area where protective cover is present, additional filtering of the gypsum waste will be
achieved by placing a minimum 1-foot thick lift of fly ash waste over the protective cover prior to
placing gypsum waste.
The landfill surface shall be graded to promote surface water drainage to the leachate collection
system (i.e. chimney drains). No waste shall be placed in standing water.
2.1.6.2 Wastewater Sludge, Pyrites, and Coal Mill Rejects
Wastewater sludge, pyrites, and coal mill rejects will be spread in 6-inch lifts in the center of the
operational area and shall not be placed within 25 feet of the exterior slopes. Wastewater sludge
shall be blended with the other waste (i.e. ash) prior to placement of the next fill lift. Wastewater
sludge, pyrites, and coal mill rejects shall be compacted as densely as practical and specific
monitoring. In-place density testing of these materials is not required.
2.1.6.3 Vacuum Truck Waste
Vacuum trucks are used to remove waste materials from the plant areas that consist of various
permitted CCPs. The origin of the vacuum truck waste materials is typically from various sumps,
catch basins, wheel wash stations, soft digging/hydro-excavation and coal pile sumps located
within the plant.
The moisture contents of the vacuum truck waste materials may vary considerably with the waste
varying in consistency from a relatively dry state to a wet, fluid-like state depending on the amount
of liquid present in the sumps or vacuumed areas.
CCP material transported via vacuum truck will occur in a vacuum truck dedicated to Duke Energy
operations or documentation will be obtained to ensure that the vacuum truck contains no human
or other non-permitted waste streams. Vacuum truck waste could also mean similar waste
material transported in smaller water tight units.
Vacuum truck waste shall consist of permitted waste materials. Non-permitted waste materials
inadvertently included with the vacuum truck waste including but not limited to yard trash (paper,
plastic, wood, aluminum, Styrofoam, etc.) shall be visually screened and immediately removed from
the vacuum truck waste after the waste material is dumped in the operational area by vacuum
contractor.
The consistency of the vacuum truck waste may vary from a relatively dry state to a relatively wet,
fluidlike state. Vacuum truck waste material shall be moisture conditioned by initial decanting
excess moisture from the waste or by mixing the waste with fly ash, bottom ash, or gypsum
materials depending on its consistency. The vacuum truck waste shall be placed and spread in
maximum 6-inch lifts near the center of the operational area. The vacuum truck waste shall not be
placed within 50 feet horizontally from exterior landfill slopes or within 50 feet of chimney drain
structure locations. The vacuum truck waste material shall be thoroughly mixed with fly ash,
bottom ash, or gypsum material during waste placement using a dozer or other similar grading
equipment to provide additional moisture conditioning prior to compaction. In-place density
testing of the vacuum truck waste materials is not required.
Section 2  Operations Management
2-5
The vacuum contractor shall coordinate vacuum truck waste placement with landfill operator
personnel and the vacuum truck waste disposal will be documented.
Dust control measures shall be provided for the vacuum truck waste in accordance with the Dust
Control Plan outlined in Appendix A.
2.1.7 Compaction Requirements and Testing
After the waste is dumped from the trucks and placed on the active face, the waste will be placed in
consecutive, approximate 1-foot thick lifts that do not exceed a 10-foot operational lift. Prior to
compaction of an existing lift, the existing and new material should be adequately blended.
2.1.7.1 In-Place Density and Moisture Content Testing
In-place density and moisture content testing shall be performed at a minimum frequency of one
test per 8,000 cubic yards (or one test per 216,000 square feet per 12-inch thick lift). Waste shall
be compacted to a minimum 95 percent of its Standard Proctor (ASTM D698) maximum dry
density. Compacted moisture content shall be within 5 percent of the material’s optimum moisture
content as determined by ASTM D698. If field density tests indicate that the relative compaction or
moisture content requirements are not met, the material shall be moisture conditioned and/or re-
worked and re-tested until the compaction density and moisture requirements are met. The field
density testing report should document any failing tests and re-work required to meet testing
requirements.
In-place density tests shall be performed using the Sand Cone Method (ASTM D1556), Drive-
Cylinder Method (ASTM D2937), or Nuclear Method (ASTM D6938). If the nuclear method is
selected, a minimum of one comparison density test using the Sand Cone or Drive Cylinder method
shall be performed for every five nuclear density tests, and correlations between the test methods
shall be developed and reviewed by the Engineer. A sample of ash material shall be collected from
each density test location and placed in a sealed container for subsequent field and laboratory
moisture testing.
A family of Proctor curves shall be developed for the on-site ash material as standard Proctor
moisture-density tests are performed as a reference for the field density testing. A minimum of one
(1) one-point field Proctor test shall be performed for each day of field testing. Additional one-
point field Proctors shall be performed if the dry density between successive density tests varies by
more than 2 pounds per cubic foot (pcf). If the estimated standard Proctor maximum dry density
based on the results of one-point Proctor testing indicates that the maximum dry density varies by
more than 5 pcf from the nearest representative standard Proctor moisture-density relationship, an
additional bulk sample of ash material shall be obtained and standard Proctor testing shall be
performed for the sample as a reference for the field density testing.
Field moisture content testing shall be performed for each density test using the Direct Heating
Method (ASTM D4959). The Nuclear Method (ASTM D6938) shall not be used for moisture content
testing on the ash material. Comparison laboratory moisture content testing shall be performed
using the Oven Method (ASTM D2216), at an oven temperature of 60 degrees Celsius. The
laboratory moisture content shall control in the event of a discrepancy between laboratory
moisture content and in-place moisture content.
Section 2  Operations Management
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2.1.7.2 Laboratory Testing
Laboratory moisture content testing shall be performed in conjunction with the field density testing
as described above. The laboratory moisture content testing shall be performed using the Oven
Method (ASTM D2216), at an oven temperature of 60 degrees Celsius.
Standard Proctor moisture-density relationship (ASTM D698) testing shall be performed at a
minimum frequency of one test for every 50,000 cubic yards of material placed. As previously
mentioned, additional standard Proctor samples shall be obtained and tested if one-point Proctor
testing indicates that the estimated maximum dry density of the material varies by more than 5 pcf
from the nearest representative standard Proctor moisture-density relationship.
2.1.8 Cover Requirements
2.1.8.1 Operational Cover
Operational cover should be applied, as needed, for dust control and stormwater management. If
needed, operational cover should be applied at a thickness suited for its purpose. For example,
operational cover may be applied thinner to provide dust control and it may be applied thicker to
tolerate erosion. Operational covers to provide dust control shall be as described in the Dust
Control Plan in Appendix A.
Downdrains, tack-on benches, and chimney drains will be installed and extended as appropriate.
Soil diversion berms will be used to direct water as appropriate.
Waste will be covered with intermediate and final cover as applicable, in accordance with the
following sections in this plan. Operational cover consisting of soil is not required, provided the
Dust Control Plan included as Appendix A is followed.
2.1.8.2 Intermediate Cover
An intermediate cover layer shall be placed at a thickness of approximately 1-foot on exterior
slopes and areas where final waste grades have been reached. Intermediate cover will be seeded
within 7 days in accordance with Erosion and Sediment Control requirements. Vegetation shall be
removed and the intermediate cover soil shall be scarified or removed prior to placing any
overlying waste. Intermediate cover shall not include rock fragments that are greater than six
inches in diameter.
For areas where waste placement will be inactive for 12 months or more, intermediate soil cover is
not required, provided the Dust Control Plan included as Appendix A is followed.
2.1.8.3 Final Cover
The final cover system for the Rogers CCP Landfill will be completed within 180 days following the
beginning of closure activities unless otherwise approved by the Division.
The proposed cover system will consist of the following components, from top to bottom:
 6-inch thick vegetative soil cover.
 18-inch thick final cover soil.
Section 2  Operations Management
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 Geocomposite drainage layer.
 40-mil thick double-sided textured linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) geomembrane
(or 50-mil LLDPE structured geomembrane alternate).
 Intermediate cover.
The soil components will provide a surface suitable to sustain vegetative growth while protecting
the underlying geosynthetic components of the cover system. Infiltration through the cover soils
will be collected by the geocomposite drainage layer, while the geomembrane will function as a
hydraulic barrier to reduce infiltration into the waste mass. Intermediate cover shall be as needed
to achieve geosynthetic cover system subgrade. The intermediate cover at the time of final closure
may consist of ash. The cover system stormwater management structures will collect both
infiltration and surface water runoff. The final cover will be vegetated with grasses within six
months following closure.
Refer to the Closure and Post-Closure Plan in the Phase II Permit Application dated December 2011
for final cover specifications and maintenance and operations requirements.
2.2 Leachate and Stormwater Management
As previously described, the landfill has been designed to provide separation of leachate from
stormwater. Leachate includes water that has percolated through the waste as well as surface
water flows from the active face of the landfill that are intercepted by chimney drains. The leachate
collection system consists of a geocomposite drainage layer and pipe network to convey leachate to
sumps located in each landfill cell. Leachate is pumped from the landfill sumps to a lined leachate
basin. From the basin, the leachate is pumped to an existing plant NPDES permitted ash basin
located to the northeast of the landfill and is incorporated into the plant’s treatment system.
Loading and unloading of CCP material will be conducted using methods to prevent excessive
spillage and tracking of CCP material during transport. Upon completion of hauling on-site CCP
materials, haul road surfaces will be remediated as necessary to protect the environment.
2.3 Leachate Collection System (LCS)
The leachate collection system has been designed to meet the performance criteria of providing less
than 1 foot of leachate head on the liner system under normal operating conditions and conveying
leachate generated by the 25-year, 24-hour storm event. The leachate collection system generally
consists of the following components:
 Leachate collection system pipes within the landfill.
 Sumps at the low points of each phase of the landfill.
 Forcemain and appurtenant structures (pumps, valves, etc.).
Each landfill cell is equipped with leachate collection system (LCS) pipes located directly above the
geocomposite drainage layer that collect infiltration and chimney drain flows. The LCS pipes
Section 2  Operations Management
2-8
convey leachate flows by gravity to collection sumps for removal. Cleanouts have been provided
along the leachate header pipes in the event that the leachate collection pipes become clogged.
Chimney drains have been installed and shall be extended vertically along with the placement of
each lift. Each chimney drain comprises a vertical, perforated HDPE riser pipe surrounded by filter
aggregate. The base of the chimney drains are placed in contact with the LCS drainage stone.
During operations, chimney drains may be modified with pipe fittings to allow the chimney drain
pipe to drain leachate from the active face.
Sumps are located at the low point of the landfill phases. Phases I and II each have one sump that
collected leachate is pumped via forcemain to the lined leachate basin.
The LCS sumps are equipped with a dedicated duplex pump system. The LCS system control panels
are equipped with visual and audible alarms programmed to activate at the programmed sump
liquid level. The alarms are equipped with a test function.
2.3.1 LCS Maintenance
The maintenance of the LCS's physical facilities (consisting of high-density polyethylene (HDPE)
piping) and records will be performed by or under the direct supervision of Duke. Visual
observations of the LCS system performance will be made monthly by Duke staff to verify that the
LCS is performing properly.
Cleanout pipes will be located on the LCS leachate lateral and header pipes. LCS pipes will be
cleaned out by the use of a cleanout snake or high-pressure water flushing at least once a year, and
the LCS piping will be remote-camera monitored at least once every 5 years. The frequency of
cleanout and camera inspections may be modified based on consecutive inspection results and
observed operating conditions.
Prior to losing access to the north ends of the collection pipes in Phase I, a full video-inspection will
be performed. Following loss of north access, video-inspection coverage for the collection pipes in
Phase I will be performed to the greatest extent possible from the permanent cleanouts at a
frequency of at least once every five years.
2.3.2 LCS Record Keeping and Sampling
Records will be maintained documenting the leachate pipe cleanout and camera monitoring.
Untreated leachate shall be sampled and analyzed at least semi-annually concurrently with the
groundwater water sampling as discussed in the approved Water Quality Monitoring Plan.
2.3.3 Leachate Spill Procedures
In the event of a breakout, leak or pipe failure, Duke Energy staff will immediately (within 24
hours) verbally notify the Division as follows:
Weekday business hours – Compliance Officer
Asheville Regional Office
[phone]
Section 2  Operations Management
2-9
Other times - Emergency Management Center Phone Number
[phone]
Duke Energy staff shall speak directly with an NCDEQ SWS individual. Following verbal
notification, staff shall identify the areas, if any, contaminated by the breakout/leak/pipe failure.
Should leachate collect in a sediment pond or other surface waters, Duke Energy staff will analyze
the contaminated water, if sampling is practical, for constituents list in the approved Water Quality
Monitoring Plan. Written notification of the leachate spill and the constituents to be analyzed shall
be submitted to SWS. The sample results will be forwarded to SWS and used to determine whether
the pond or surface waters are impacted by the release.
2.4 Stormwater Collection and Conveyance
Stormwater that does not come in contact with waste will be treated as non-contact water. Non-
contact water will be managed separately from leachate and may be used for dust control or other
operational purposes. The stormwater collection system has been designed to pass the minimum
25-year, 24-hour storm event, and will generally consists of the following components:
 Tack-on benches;
 Downdrains; and
 Perimeter ditches.
Intermediate cover will be placed over waste at the exterior side slopes. Tack-on benches, only for
final cover, may be placed to convey non-contact surface water from the exterior side slopes to
downdrains. The tack-on benches and downdrains may be constructed and extended as operations
progress. The downdrains discharge to perimeter ditches then sedimentation ponds, which in turn
ultimately discharge to Suck Creek via a system of culverts and channels.
Completed areas shall be adequately sloped at a minimum of 5% to allow surface water runoff in a
controlled manner.
On final sideslopes, berms and swales or benches and downdrain pipes will convey stormwater to
perimeter channels. Plateau areas will be graded to a minimum 5% slope.
2.4.1 Stormwater Discharge
The stormwater system at the landfill was designed to assist in prevention of the discharge of
pollutants. Landfill operation shall not cause a discharge of pollutants into waters of the United
States, including wetlands, that violates any requirement of the Clean Water Act, including but not
limited to NPDES requirements, pursuant of Section 402. In addition, under the requirements of
Section 404 of the Clean Water Act, the discharge of dredge or fill material into waters of the state
would be a violation of the requirements and shall not be allowed by landfill operations.
Operations of the landfill shall not cause the discharge of a non-point source of pollution to waters
of the United States, including wetlands, that violates any requirements of an area-wide or
statewide water quality management plan that has been approved under Section 208 or 319 of the
Clean Water Act, as amended.
Section 2  Operations Management
2-10
2.5 Stormwater Maintenance Requirements
All drainage features (i.e., diversion ditches, berms, risers, discharge pipes, chimney drains, etc.)
will be inspected every 7 days and within 24 hours of rainfall events of 0.5 inches or greater, and
documented for signs of damage, settlement, clogging, silt buildup, or washouts. If necessary,
repairs to drainage control features will be made as early as possible.
2.6 Groundwater Monitoring Well Access Requirements
Groundwater monitoring wells will be located around the landfill perimeter. A readily accessible,
unobstructed path shall be maintained so that monitoring wells may be accessed using four-wheel
drive vehicles. Care must be taken around the wells to prevent any damage to the wells.
In accordance with 15A NCAC 13B .0505 (7) (a), the separation distance of four feet between waste
and water table was maintained in the design of this phase. This is illustrated on Drawings C-21
and CD-20 of the Engineering Plans
2.7 Landfill Gas Management
Because the nature of the waste to be placed in the Rogers CCP Landfill, the owner does not
anticipate that methane or hydrogen sulfide gas will be generated or that odor will be an issue
during operations. Therefore, landfill gas monitoring and management is not proposed.

3-1
Section 3
Erosion and Sediment Control
Erosion and sedimentation control (E&SC) during landfill operations will consist of monitoring
and repairing E&SC stormwater conveyance features and surface erosion as defined in this
Operations Plan and the active Erosion and Sediment Control Plan.
3.1 E&SC Measures Monitoring and Maintenance
Erosion control principles include:
 Disturbing as little area as possible at any one time for landfilling operations.
 Seeding/mulching of disturbed areas commencing as soon as practically possible.
Employing erosion control matting or seeding and mulch on steep slopes and other erosion
prone areas;
 Use of earthen berms, wattles, silt fences, riprap, or equivalent devices down gradient of
disturbed areas, stockpiles, drainage pipe inlets and outlets, and at intervals along grassed
waterways, until such time as permanent vegetation is established.
 Placement of riprap at the inlets and outlets of stormwater piping.
Erosion and sedimentation control structures include stormwater best management practice
(BMP) systems, settling basins, and channels. Stormwater BMP’s shall be inspected every 7 days
and within 24 hours of rainfall events 0.5 inches or greater. Sediment shall be removed from each
structure when sediment accumulates to one half of the design depth. Sediment removal shall
bring BMP’s to their original design depth. The BMP’s, embankments, spillways and outlets shall
also be observed for erosion damage. Necessary repairs shall be made immediately. Trash or
debris within the riser structures or outfalls shall be removed.
Channels shall be observed for damage every 7 days and within 24 hours of rainfall events 0.5
inches or greater. Riprap-lined channels and outlet protection aprons used to prevent damage to
channel vegetation shall be observed for washouts. Riprap shall be added to those areas, as
needed, to maintain the integrity of the structure.
Embankment slopes shall be inspected for erosion every 7 days and within 24 hours of rainfall
events 0.5 inches or greater. The embankment slopes shall be mowed at least three times a year.
The embankment slopes shall be fertilized in the second year unless vegetation growth is fully
adequate. Damaged areas shall be reseeded, fertilized and mulched immediately. Seeding,
fertilizing, and mulching shall be in accordance with the North Carolina Erosion and
Sedimentation Control Guidelines, the active Erosion and Sediment Control Plan, and the most
recent Rogers Vegetation Maintenance Implementation Plan (VMIP).
Ground stabilization shall be performed within 7 calendar days on perimeter areas and slopes
greater than 3H:1V. Ground stabilization shall be performed within 14 calendar days in other
Section 3  Erosion and Sediment Control
3-2
areas. Seedbed preparation, seeding, soil amendments, and mulching for the establishment of
vegetative ground cover will be applied in accordance with North Carolina Erosion and
Sedimentation Control Guidelines (see Section 4).
3.2 Surface Erosion Monitoring
Adequate erosion control measures shall be practiced to prevent sediment from leaving the site.
Channels will be observed once every seven days and within 24 hours after any rainfall event of
0.5 inches or greater.
Slopes will be periodically checked for erosion and vegetative quality, fertilized, and mowed. A
slope or portion thereof shall be identified as needing maintenance if it meets any one of the
following conditions:
 Exposed waste on exterior slopes
 Areas of cracking, sliding, or sloughing
 Areas of seepage
Slopes identified as needing maintenance shall be repaired as soon as practical and as
appropriate to correct deficiencies. Repair activities may include re-dressing the slope, filling in
low areas, and/or seeding.

4-1
Section 4
Vegetation Management
Within six months after final termination of disposal operations at the site, the area shall be
stabilized with vegetation as required by design drawings and the Closure and Post-Closure Plan.
Temporary seeding will be applied as required.
Temporary methods of erosion control may be required until permanent cover is established.
Mulching, until a vegetative cover is established, can stabilize areas where final grade has been
reached. Soil mulching can be achieved using wood chips, straw, hay, asphalt emulsion, jute
matting, and synthetic fibers. Mulches allow for greater water retention; reduce the amount of
runoff; retain seeds, fertilizer, and lime in place; and improve soil moisture and temperature
conditions.
4.1 Temporary Seeding
Temporary seeding shall be applied as specified in the current Rogers Vegetation Maintenance
Implementation Plan (VMIP). Alternatively, temporary seeding will be applied per the NC
Erosion and Sediment Control Planning and Design Manual [June 2006, Revised March 2009.
4.2 Permanent Seeding
Permanent seeding shall be applied as specified in the current Rogers VMIP. Alternatively,
permanent seeding will be applied per the NC Erosion and Sediment Control Planning and Design
Manual [June 2006, Revised March 2009].
4.3 Over-Seeding
Over seeding will be applied per the NC Erosion and Sediment Control Planning and Design
Manual [June 2006, Revised March 2009] and the current Rogers VMIP.

5-1
Section 5
Landfill Closure
The Rogers CCP Landfill will be closed in accordance with the design drawings and Closure and
Post-Closure Plan. The Closure and Post-Closure Plan outlines the sequence for closing the
landfill and the post-closure maintenance activities. Closure is designed to minimize the need for
long-term maintenance and control the post-closure release of contaminants. Closure activities
may be revised as appropriate for materials, specifications, technology advancements, or changes
in regulations at the time the landfill is closed or in post-closure. In general, the landfill
development is designed so that final cover can be established as soon as practical.

6-1
Section 6
Required Regulatory Submittals
Table 6-1. Required Regulatory Submittals
Submittal Requirement Reporting/Action
Frequency
Groundwater
Monitoring
Reports
Maintain a record of all monitoring events and analytical data in
accordance with the Water Quality Monitoring Plan. Reports of
the analytical data for each water quality monitoring sampling
event shall be submitted to NCDEQ Division of Waste
Management
(DWM) within 60 days of sampling event.
Semiannually
Annual
Tonnage
Reports
Tons of waste received and disposed of in the landfill shall be
reported to the DWM and to all counties from which waste was
accepted on forms prescribed by the DWM. Refer to the Permit
to Operate for annual reporting requirement information.
Annually

Must submit no
later than August
1
each year
10-Year
Waste
Management
Plan
Per North Carolina G.S. 130A-309.09D (c):
 A 10-year waste management plan shall be developed
for this landfill and submitted to DWM.
 The plan shall be updated and submitted to DWM at
least every three years.
 A report on the implementation of the plan is required
to be submitted to DWM by August 1 of each year.
10-year plan
prepared every 10
years

10-year plan
updated every 3
years

Implementation
report annually

OPERATIONS PLAN
APPENDIX A

DUST CONTROL PLAN
Dust Control Plan S&ME Project No. 1264-05-717
Duke Energy – Cliffside Steam Station June 24, 2011

2
Cc: Ed Mussler, NCDENR ([e-mail])
Deb Aja, NCDENR ([e-mail])
Andy Tinsley, Duke Energy ([e-mail])
Steve Hodges, Duke Energy ([e-mail])
Jeff Newell, Duke Energy ([e-mail])
Ed Sullivan, Duke Energy ([e-mail])
Joseph White, Duke Energy ([e-mail])
Chris Ussery, Duke Energy ([e-mail])

Attachments: Dust Control Plan, June 24, 2011, CCP Landfill, Cliffside Steam Station,
Permit No. 81-06

DUST CONTROL PLAN COAL COMBUSTION PRODUCT (CCP) LANDFILL PERMIT NO. 81-06 CLIFFSIDE STEAM STATION RUTHERFORD AND CLEVELAND COUNTIES, NORTH CAROLINA
S&ME Project No. 1264-05-717
S&ME Engineering License No. F-0176

Prepared for:
526 South Church Street
Charlotte, North Carolina 28202

Prepared by:
S&ME, Inc.
9751 Southern Pine Boulevard
Charlotte, North Carolina 28273

June 24, 2011

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION AND SITE DESCRIPTION...............................................................................1
2. DUST CONTROL METHODS ..........................................................................................................1
3. MONITORING AND CORRECTIVE ACTION RESPONSE.......................................................2
3.1 MONITORING.................................................................................................................................2
3.2 CORRECTIVE ACTION....................................................................................................................3

FIGURE TITLE

1 Phase 1 Operations Grid

i
Dust Control Plan S&ME Project No. 1264-05-717
Duke Energy – Cliffside Steam Station – CCP Landfill June 24, 2011

1. INTRODUCTION AND SITE DESCRIPTION
This Dust Control Plan is for the Coal Combustion Products (CCP) Landfill at Duke
Energy’s Cliffside Steam Station. This Plan provides dust control methods for managing
dust emissions at the landfill and provides a monitoring program and corrective action
response to contain CCP’s to prevent dust nuisances to employees and the public. The
monitoring program will aid Duke Energy and the landfill operator in evaluating the dust
control methods, or combination of dust control methods, that prove effective with site
specific conditions.

The landfill has an approximate 23-acre footprint, and is used for CCP management.
CCP’s to be placed in the landfill are further detailed in the Operations Plan. This Plan is
to be implemented by the landfill operator in conjunction with the approved landfill
Operations Plan.
2. DUST CONTROL METHODS
The primary potential source of dust emissions in the landfill is the top deck area and
active area of waste placement. These areas are at a higher risk for producing dust due to
vehicular and equipment traffic and earthworks-like construction. Exterior landfill slopes
are less of a dust control concern as they have intermediate or operational soil covers
which are vegetated as required in the Operations Plan. Operational soil cover is
currently defined as 6 inches of soil material applied weekly to the active area of waste
placement.

Dust emissions from the landfill can be controlled through a variety of dust control
methods. Possible dust control methods are identified herein. Dust control methods may
be characterized as products and/or applications, structural wind breaks and/or covers,
and operational methods.

Dust control methods for the landfill area include:

• Watering;
• Establishing vegetative cover;
• Mulching;
• Structural controls consisting of:
o Wind breaks (i.e. fencing and/or berms); and
o Temporary coverings (i.e. tarps);
• Spray applied dust suppressants consisting of, and not limited to:
o Anionic asphalt emulsion;
o Latex emulsion;
o Resin in water;
o Polymer based emulsion; and
o Mineral mortar coatings (i.e. posi-shell);
• Calcium chloride;
• Soil stabilizers (i.e. soil cements);
1
Dust Control Plan S&ME Project No. 1264-05-717
Duke Energy – Cliffside Steam Station – CCP Landfill June 24, 2011

• Operational soil cover;
• Modifying the active working area; and
• Modifying operations during dry and windy conditions.

The operator may use, and is not limited to, combinations of these dust control methods
or any method that is technically sound to control dust for the specific site conditions. If
the operator intends to use a dust control method not presented above, the proposed dust
control method will be evaluated on a case-by-case basis to assess the effectiveness with
specific site conditions. For the purposes of this Plan, operational soil cover will be
defined as soil material applied at a suitable thickness to provide dust control. The
effectiveness of the dust control methods implemented should be evaluated through a
dust monitoring program outlined in Section 3.

Operational equipment generally consists of dump trucks, vibratory smooth drum roller,
bulldozer, water truck, spray trailer, track hoe, and service truck. Operational equipment
will be used to construct, install, apply, and/or repair dust control methods. The operator
will make provisions to alleviate any on-site issues that arise when primary equipment is
being maintained or is inoperable. In the event that Cliffside Steam Station contains
multiple landfill facilities in the future, the landfill operator will make provisions to have
the necessary equipment to control multiple fugitive CCP dusting emission events.
3. MONITORING AND CORRECTIVE ACTION RESPONSE
This section describes a dust monitoring program and suggests corrective action
responses should fugitive emissions be observed.
3.1 Monitoring
During landfill operations, a dust monitoring program will be implemented to evaluate
the dust control measure performance and observe the areas for dust emissions. The dust
monitoring program consists of performing visual observations of dust prone areas, dust
control measures, and monitoring existing and forecasted weather conditions.

Dust emissions can occur under many conditions. For the purposes of this Plan, dust
emissions are characterized as fugitive emissions, where CCP dust is located outside the
limit of landfill waste. This is most likely to occur during windy, dry, and hot weather
conditions. Therefore, the operator will monitor both existing and forecasted weather
conditions and use dust control measures suited to the weather conditions. The dust
control measures shall be implemented prior to the forecasted weather conditions.

Equipment operators shall continuously observe the active face and other areas within the
landfill limit for dust emissions. In addition, preventative dust control measures should
be observed and documented at least twice daily (morning and afternoon) when the
landfill is in operation to evaluate the dust control measure performance. Additional
observations may be necessary as site and weather conditions dictate. Observations will
be documented on the attached “Monitoring Worksheet,” or online database/worksheet,
etc. Due to the continual maintenance necessary on moisture conditioned and spray-
2
Dust Control Plan S&ME Project No. 1264-05-717
Duke Energy – Cliffside Steam Station – CCP Landfill June 24, 2011

3
applied areas, the operator shall pay particular attention to these areas. Structural
controls shall be observed to monitor that they are achieving their intended purpose.
Observations in the landfill area may be made with reference to the Phase 1 Operations
Grid shown in the attached Figure 1.

Monitoring will be conducted during times when the landfill is in operations. The
operator shall continue to provide necessary dust control measures during periods when
operations are inactive (i.e. outages, weekends, holidays). Operators are to establish
appropriate measures so that dust emissions are not reasonably likely to occur during
inactive operations periods when monitoring is not being conducted.
3.2 Corrective Action
If fugitive dust emissions are observed and observations indicate dust control measures
are not achieving their intended purpose, then appropriate corrective actions will be
taken. Dust control measures should be reapplied, repaired, or added, as necessary, to
control dust emissions. The operator will construct, install, apply, and/or repair dust
control measures prior to the end of the work day to control dust emissions during non-
operating hours. The operator will implement dust control measures as preventative
controls rather than in response to fugitive dust emissions.

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Report 
Duke Energy 

Cliffside CCP Landfill 
Closure/Post‐Closure Plan 

December 2011  

TOC ‐ 1 
Heading 1 (Section Number) 
Heading 1 (Section Title)
Closure/Post‐ Closure Plan 
Table of Contents
Section 1 – Closure Plan 
1.1  Final Cover System ....................................................................................................................... 1‐1 
1.2  Landfill Gas System ....................................................................................................................... 1‐2 
1.3  Estimate of Largest Closure ...................................................................................................... 1‐2 
1.4  Estimate of Maximum Inventory of Waste on Site ......................................................... 1‐2 
1.5  Landfill Closure Sequence.......................................................................................................... 1‐2 
1.5.1 Determination of Closure Area .................................................................................. 1‐2 
1.5.2  Notification of Intent to Close ..................................................................................... 1‐4 
1.5.3  Develop Closure Schedule ............................................................................................ 1‐4 
1.5.4  Prepare Construction Contract Documents ......................................................... 1‐4 
1.5.5  Develop Closure Schedule ............................................................................................ 1‐4 
1.5.6  Selecting a General Contractor ................................................................................... 1‐4 
1.5.7  Securing Borrow Material for Landfill Cover ....................................................... 1‐4 
1.5.8  Certification of Closure Construction ...................................................................... 1‐4 
1.5.9  Record Notation to Deed ............................................................................................... 1‐4 
1.6  Financial Assurance ...................................................................................................................... 1‐5 
Section 2 – Post‐Closure Plan 
2.1  Maintenance and Monitoring Activities .............................................................................. 2‐1 
2.1.1  Final Cover System .......................................................................................................... 2‐1 
2.1.2  Leachate Collection System ......................................................................................... 2‐2 
2.1.3  Groundwater Monitoring Wells ................................................................................. 2‐2 
2.1.4  Landfill Gas System ......................................................................................................... 2‐3 
2.2   Erosion and Sedimentation Control System ...................................................................... 2‐3 
2.3  Certification of Post‐Closure ..................................................................................................... 2‐3 
2.4  Name of Individual Responsible for Post‐Closure Maintenance of the Site ........ 2‐3 
2.5  Planned Use of Landfill After Closure ................................................................................... 2‐4 
2.6  Financial Assurance ...................................................................................................................... 2‐4 
List of Figures 
Figure 1‐1  Final Cover System ....................................................................................................................... 1‐3 
List of Tables 
Table 1‐1   Closure Cost Estimate .................................................................................................................. 1‐6 
Table 2‐1  Post Closure Cost Estimate ........................................................................................................ 2‐5 
Table 2‐2  Potential Assessment and Correction Action Costs ....................................................... 2‐6 

1‐1 
Section 1 
Closure Plan 
Rule .0504 (2) (c) (ii) and (iii) of the North Carolina Solid Waste Regulation Section 15A NCAC 
13B requires a construction plan that shows final contours depicting surface water control.  
Sheet C‐22, found in the Engineering Plan, shows the final contours for Phases I and II whereas 
Sheets CD‐21 and CD‐22 show corresponding details. 
Rule .1617 (a) (1) (E) requires municipal solid waste landfill (MSWLF) owners/operators to 
prepare a closure plan that describes the steps necessary to partially close a MSWLF at any point 
during its active life as well as the steps necessary to facilitate final closure.  Partial closure refers 
to the closure of a landfill phase, while final closure is the closure of an entire landfill.  The Solid 
Waste Section (SWS) has requested this information as well for industrial landfills and has 
recommended compliance with the above rule to adhere to the request. 
In providing this information, the closure plan will assist Duke Energy (Duke) towards achieving 
the goals of closure implementation, which are: to prevent exposure of the disposed industrial 
waste and minimize leachate generation in order to protect public health and the environment.  
The control of landfill gas is another goal but does not apply to industrial landfills due to the 
nature of the waste.  Specifically, this closure plan establishes: design criteria for the closure cap 
system, a closure sequence and construction schedule, construction cost estimates, and other 
important information relating to closure. 
1.1 Final Cover System 
The final cover system has been designed to minimize the amount of storm water infiltration into 
the landfill and to resist erosive forces.  The final cover system consists of an erosion layer, 
protective soil layer, drainage layer, barrier layer, and gas venting layer (if determined 
necessary).  The multi‐layered cap system will provide a permeability less than or equal to the 
base liner system of the landfill. 
The cap system will consist of the following layers (listed from top to bottom): 
 A six‐inch Vegetative Soil Layer consisting of soil capable of supporting native plant 
growth; 
 An 18‐inch Protective Soil Layer to prevent damage due to freezing or puncture to the 
Drainage and Barrier Layers; 
 A Drainage Layer consisting of a geocomposite.  The geocomposite is designed to drain 
stormwater that has percolated through the Erosion and Protective Soil Layers in order to 
prevent the build‐up of water over the Barrier Layer (thus minimizing infiltration); 
Section 1    Closure Plan 
 1‐2 

 A Barrier Layer consisting of a geomembrane; and 
 A Gas Venting Layer (if determined necessary), placed over a compacted soil subgrade. 
Due to the highly elastic nature of the geomembrane, the final cover system will accommodate any 
differential settlement that may occur during the post‐closure period.  The grades of the top surface slopes 
will not be less than 5 percent (to prevent ponding) and the side slopes will not exceed 33 percent (to 
prevent erosion).  Figure No. 1­1 provides a section detail of the proposed final cover system. 
1.2 Landfill Gas System 
The nature of the disposed industrial waste precludes typical landfill gas generation.  If during closure 
design, landfill gas is deemed to require control measures, a landfill gas venting system may be included in 
the construction.  The venting system can incorporate the gas venting layer as stated above vertical landfill 
gas venting wells. 
1.3 Estimate of Largest Closure 
The construction of the landfill will occur in 5 phases, with each phase providing approximately 5 years of 
capacity.  Phase I is 23 acres, whereas the proposed Phase II is approximately 15 acres.  Thusly, Phases I 
and II would be the largest closure to date, covering an area of approximately 38 acres.  This area is 
presented in Sheet C‐22. 
1.4 Estimate of Maximum Inventory of Waste On‐site 
The maximum amount of waste that is expected to be landfilled at the Cliffside CCP Landfill through final 
build‐out was calculated using the Earthworks Module of Softdesk.  The total gross airspace available 
between the top of base liner protective cover to proposed top of final cover is approximately 13,066,000 
cubic yards (cy).  Deducting the volume of the final cover system (277,500 cy), the maximum available net 
airspace for waste and intermediate and operational cover to be landfilled is projected to be 12,788,500 cy. 
1.5 Landfill Closure Sequence 
The development of the landfill will be integrated so that one phase will be in operation while another 
phase is being constructed.  Additionally, closure activities may be initiated in phases.  Although not 
mandatory, Duke may elect to complete a partial closure for an area or may complete a final closure at the 
end of operations.  The steps for implementing the closure process are described in the following 
subsections.  The steps are the same for partial closure and final closure. 
1.5.1 Determination of Closure Area 
Duke will determine the location and acreage of areas to be closed.  Closure procedures should not be 
instituted until an adequate area (approximately 10 acres or more) of the landfill has reached final grade.  
An estimate of landfill area that has reached final grade should be determined periodically by the surveyor 
for the site during the active life of the facility.   
Section 1    Closure Plan 
 1‐4 

1.5.2 Notification of Intent to Close 
Once Duke has determined that an area will be closed, a Notice of Intent to Close must be placed in 
the operating record and SWS must be notified of the action, including location, acreage, and 
scheduling of the closure activities.  The final cover design, area to be closed, and scheduling of 
closure activities presented in this Permit Application shall be reviewed and updated as necessary. 
1.5.3 Develop Closure Schedule 
Duke will prepare a schedule for bidding and construction of the closure activities.  Closure activities 
must be completed within 180 days of beginning closure activities unless Duke gains approval from 
the SWS by demonstrating that the construction period, by necessity, will require an extended 
schedule and that measures to protect human health and the environment have been implemented in 
the interim. 
1.5.4 Prepare Construction Contract Documents 
For the purpose of bidding, construction documents will be prepared for the area to be closed.  The 
bidding documents will allow contractors to estimate the quantity of materials needed to properly 
implement the closure plan, as well as estimating the construction costs. 
1.5.5 Develop Closure Schedule 
Once the SWS has reviewed and commented on the closure schedule, Duke will prepare a final 
schedule for bidding and construction of the closure activities. 
1.5.6 Selecting a General Contractor 
After receiving bids, a contractor will be awarded the job of constructing the final cover according to 
the approved closure plan.  The contractor will be required to complete all closure activities within 
180 days of beginning such activities, or as otherwise approved by the SWS. 
1.5.7 Securing Borrow Material for Landfill Cover 
The material to be used for construction of the closure cap system will be obtained from on‐site 
sources.  Once usable on‐site material has been exhausted, borrow material will be obtained from off‐
site sources.   
1.5.8 Certification of Closure Construction 
The project engineer shall provide certification at the completion of construction to verify that closure 
has been completed in accordance with the closure CQA plan.  Duke shall place the certification in the 
operating record and forward a copy of the certification to the SWS. 
1.5.9 Record Notation to Deed  
After final closure of the property, a notation will be placed on the deed to the property stating that 
the property was used as a landfill facility, and its use is restricted under the closure plan approved by 
the SWS. 
Section 1    Closure Plan 
 1‐5 

Closure Sequence 
Activity Process Date 
Determination of Closure Area and Initiate Closure 
Process 
No later than 30 Days after the final receipt of 
waste 
Notification of Intent to Close Once an area has been determined to be closed 
Develop Closure Schedule for Closure Activities ‐ 
Prepare Construction Contract Documents ‐ 
Develop Closure Schedule Once the SWS has commented on the closure 
schedule 
Select a General Contractor After receiving sealed bids 
Closure Construction Closure activities must be completed within 180 
Days of beginning closure activities or as 
otherwise approved 
Certification of Closure Construction At completion of construction 
Record Notation to Deed After final closure of property 

1.6 Financial Assurance 
A detailed cost estimate based on current costs has been prepared for closure of the largest active area of 
the landfill facility at any time during the life of the facility and is provided in Table 1‐1.  A copy of the cost 
estimate has been placed in the operating record.  The cost estimate will be annually adjusted to account 
for inflation and any changes in conditions at the facility or in the design.  If conditions call for a reduction 
in the amount to be financially assured, approval of the SWS must be obtained prior to officially reducing 
the amount. 

Quantity Unit Cost Total
Final Cover System
Grade Intermediate Cover 38.6 ac $ 3,800.00 $146,680
Cap System Components:
a. 6” Vegetative Layer 31,137 sy $ 1.67 $51,999
b. 18” Protective Cover 93,412 sy $ 2.00 $186,824
c. Drainage Net 186,824 sy $ 7.00 $1,307,768
d. 40-mil text. LLDPE Geomembrane 186,824 sy $ 4.50 $840,708
Temporary Erosion Control 38.6 ac $ 4,300.00 $165,980
Stormwater Management
Grass-lined Ditches (Final Cover Swales)7,490 lf $ 24.00 $179,760
CPP Downdrains 6,210 lf $ 35.00 $217,350
Outlet Protection Aprons 10 ea $ 2,000.00 $20,000
Yard Inlets 48 ea $ 3,500.00 $168,000
Surveys 38.6 ac $ 1,400.00 $54,040
Final Landscaping
Seeding, Fertilizing & Mulching 38.6 ac $ 1,800.00 $69,480
Subtotal $3,408,589
Mobilization/Demobilization (5% of Subtotal)$170,429
Engineering Services, CQA/CQC (12% of
Subtotal)$409,031
Contingency (15% of Subtotal)$511,288
TOTAL $4,499,338
COST PER ACRE $116,563
September 2011
Table 1-1
Rutherford County, North Carolina
Duke Energy - Cliffside CCP LF
Closure Cost Estimate
Permit No. 81-06
Phases I and II

2‐1 
Section 2 
Post‐Closure Plan
Rule .1617(a)(1)(E), of the North Carolina Solid Waste Regulation Section 15A NCAC 13B .1600, 
requires owners/operators of municipal solid waste landfill (MSWLF) units to prepare a post‐
closure plan.  The purpose of the plan is to provide the necessary information for preserving the 
integrity of the landfill facility in its post‐closure life.  This post‐closure plan specifically 
addresses maintenance activities for the closure cap, landfill gas control system (if necessary), 
leachate collection system, groundwater monitoring wells, and erosion and sedimentation 
control system.  This plan also addresses certification and financial assurance requirements.  The 
Solid Waste Section (SWS) has requested this information as well for industrial landfills and has 
recommended compliance with the above rule to adhere to the request. 
Also included with this section is a cost estimate for potential assessment and correction action 
costs. 
Post‐closure care will begin immediately following final closure of the landfill.   Post‐closure care 
may be decreased from the minimum time period of 30 years specified in the regulations if Duke 
Energy (Duke) can demonstrate that the reduced period will pose no threat to human health or 
the environment.  However, the SWS reserves the right to increase the post‐closure care period if 
it is deemed necessary to protect human health and the environment. 
2.1 Maintenance and Monitoring Activities 
Post‐closure maintenance and monitoring activities for the Cliffside CCP Landfill will include the 
activities discussed in the following sections. 
2.1.1 Final Cover System 
Inspection of the final cover system will take place quarterly and encompass the entire landfill.  
Items of concern to be noted by the inspector include but are not limited to: signs of erosion 
(ruts, sediment deposits, etc.), patches of stressed or dead vegetation, animal burrows, recessed 
areas or ponding, upheaving, leachate seepage stains and/or flowing leachate, cracks in the cap, 
damaged gas vents (if any) and tree saplings (especially species with tap roots).  Following each 
inspection, a summary report of the condition of the cover and the items of concern should be 
recorded in the post‐closure log book of the facility.  Areas that require further attention should 
be photographed and delineated on a map of the facility.  These items should also be entered in 
the log book.  Since post‐closure inspection personnel will most likely change during the post‐
closure period, the post‐closure  
 log book should be kept in a standardized format that allows for new inspection personnel to 
easily review the results of past post‐closure inspections of the site.  Action should be taken 
immediately to address any items of concern identified during the inspection.  Obvious repair 
items should be performed under the supervision of the post‐closure maintenance manager.  If 
an item of concern requires further study to determine a course of action, the engineer 
responsible for closure design should be contacted for consultation.   
Section 2    Post‐Closure Plan 
 2‐2 

2.1.2 Leachate Collection System 
Inspection of the accessible items of the leachate collection system (ie. clean‐outs, basin, and pump 
stations) will be made on a quarterly basis.  Inspection and cleaning of the collection lines will be 
performed at a frequency proposed by Duke and approved by NCDENR.  As part of the quarterly inspection, 
the leachate basin will be inspected for damage to the liner system.  Depending on seasonal conditions, the 
basin may be drained so that a thorough inspection may be made (a complete inspection should be made at 
least once every two years or otherwise determined by Duke).  The inspector should survey the basin for 
items of damage such as tears in the protective layer and/or liner, heaving, and exposed liner in the anchor 
trench.  The outside slope of the basin should be inspected for leachate seepage.  Signs of leachate seepage 
may include damage to vegetation, staining of the soil and vegetation, or actual leachate flow.  
The pump stations and flow meter vault should be inspected quarterly by a qualified inspector who is 
knowledgeable in the construction and operation of pump stations and flow meters.  The inspector should 
manually operate each pump to ensure that they are working properly.  The high and low level alarms 
should be checked at this time, and the overall condition of the wiring and support structures should be 
inspected also.  The flow meter calibration shall be checked (and scheduled for recalibration as required) 
quarterly and flow meter records shall be monitored and placed in the post‐closure log book.  The pump 
control panel shall be fully inspected at the same time, to ensure proper alarm operations, reset functions, 
and normal operations performance.  Run time readings shall be recorded for each pump.  A summary 
report of the condition of the leachate basin, pump station and metering facilities should be recorded in the 
post‐closure log book along with photographs of any items of concern.  
The clean‐outs should be inspected for damage on a quarterly basis.  The protruding portion of each clean‐
out should be checked for damage and the cap should be checked for proper operation. 
If problems with the leachate collection system are discovered, or abnormally high or low flows are 
recorded from the pump station, assessment and/or repairs should begin immediately.  
2.1.3 Groundwater Monitoring Wells 
Inspection of the groundwater monitoring wells will take place semi‐annually during sampling events.  The 
inspection will consist of verifying the condition of the monitoring wells to ensure that they are providing 
representative samples of the groundwater.  The inspector should note the following: 
1) The total depth of the well should be recorded every time a water sample is collected or a water level 
reading is taken to check if sediment has accumulated at the bottom.  If sediment build‐up has 
occurred, the sediment should be removed by pumping or bailing. 
2)   If turbid samples are collected from a well, redevelopment of the well will be necessary. 
3)   The above‐ground protective casing should be inspected for damage.  The protective casing should be 
of good structural integrity and free of any cracks or corrosion.  The lockable cover and lock should 
also be checked at this time. 
4) The surface seals should be inspected for settling and cracking.  If the seal is damaged in any way, the 
seal should be replaced. 
5)  The well casing and cap should be inspected.  The casing and cap should be of good structural integrity 
and free of any cracks or corrosion.  Any debris should be removed from around the cap to prevent it 
from entering the well. 
Section 2    Post‐Closure Plan 
 2‐3 

The condition of the groundwater monitoring system should be recorded in the post‐closure log book 
following each sampling event.  Monitoring of the groundwater wells shall be conducted as described in the 
groundwater monitoring plan.  
2.1.4 Landfill Gas System 
If a landfill gas system has been deemed necessary and installed during closure, inspection of the landfill 
gas system should take place at least quarterly.  The summary of each inspection of the landfill gas system 
should be recorded in the post‐closure log book along with photographs of any items of concern. 
2.2 Erosion and Sedimentation Control System 
Inspection of the erosion and sedimentation control system should occur semi‐annually and after major 
storm events.  During each inspection, the elements of the system including ditches, pipes, ponds, and 
inlet/outlet structures should be checked for obstructions and damage.  The ditches should be inspected for 
obstructions, erosion of side slopes, loss of vegetative cover, shifting of riprap, excessive buildup of 
sediment, or any other item that may prevent the proper functioning of the ditch.  Drainage piping should 
be checked for blockages and the inlets/outlets should be inspected for undercutting and rutting.  The 
sediment level in the detention ponds should be measured to determine if removal is required.  The 
condition of the riser/barrel should be checked to ensure that adequate gravel surrounds the riser and that 
the barrel is not filled with sediment.   
The berms of each pond should be inspected for stability.  Following each inspection, a summary report 
should be entered in the post‐closure log book along with photographs of any items of concern.  
Maintenance and/or repairs should be performed as prescribed by the inspectors review. 
2.3 Certification of Post‐Closure 
Following completion of the post‐closure care period, a certification verifying that post‐closure care 
was performed in accordance with the post‐closure plan and signed by a registered professional 
engineer will be made part of the operating record.  Duke will notify the SWS that the certification has 
been placed in the operating record.  
2.4 Name of Individual Responsible for Post‐Closure 
Maintenance of the Site 
Mr. Steve Hodges, DEGS Cliffside Environmental Coordinator, of Duke will be responsible for operations 
and maintenance of the site during the post‐closure period.  Mr. Hodges can be reached at the following 
address: 
Duke Energy 
Cliffside Steam Station 
573 Duke Power Road 
Mooresboro, NC 28114 
828‐657‐2339 (work) 
704‐363‐0819 (cell) 

Mr. Hodges most likely will not be employed with Duke throughout the entire 30 year post‐closure period.  
A new individual will be appointed at the time Mr. Hodges' employment with Duke ends. 
Section 2    Post‐Closure Plan 
 2‐4 

2.5 Planned Use of Landfill After Closure 
There are no planned uses for the landfill site after closure.  The property will remain Duke property, 
maintained by Duke, with public access prohibited.  
2.6 Financial Assurance 
Duke will submit a financial assurance package to SWS in accordance with the criteria set forth under Rule 
.1628.  A detailed cost estimate for post‐closure care has been prepared and is provided herein (Table 2‐1) 
and a copy has been placed in the operating record.  The cost estimate is based on 30 years of post‐closure 
care.  Each year, the estimate will be adjusted for inflation and any changes to the activities of post‐closure 
care. 
Potential assessment and corrective action costs is provided in Table 2‐2.  This cost estimate includes only 
estimates for groundwater and surface water monitoring and maintenance.  Currently, there are no 
corrective action plans in place at the facility.  Per NCGS 130A‐295.2(h), amended in July 2011, a minimum 
of $2,000,000 is required for this cost estimate. 

Quantity Unit Cost Total
Administration/Inspection/Recordkeeping
Project Engineer (84 hrs/yr @ $100/hr)30 yr $8,400 $252,000
Technician (68 hrs/yr @ $60/hr)30 yr $4,080 $122,400
Clerical (48 hrs/yr @ $50/hr)30 yr $2,400 $72,000
Maintenance
Fencing, Gates, Signs, etc.30 yr $500 $15,000
Access Roads 30 yr $2,000 $60,000
Mowing ($100 per acre, 38.6 acres for Phases I-II) 30 yr $3,860 $115,800
Stormwater Structures 30 yr $3,000 $90,000
Leachate Collection and Storage 30 yr N/A $0
Final Cover System ($400 per acre)30 yr $15,440 $463,200
Leachate Basin
Fees
Annual Permit Fee 30 yr $500 $15,000
Subtotal $1,605,400
Contingency (15%)$240,810
TOTAL $1,846,210
ANNUAL COST $61,540
Table 2-1
Post Closure Cost Estimate
Duke Energy - Cliffside CCP LF
Permit No. 81-06
Rutherford County, North Carolina
Phases I and II
September 2011
Cleanout, Demo and Abandon Leachate Basin 1 ls $400,000 $400,000
Quantity Unit Cost Total
Compliance Monitoring - Semi-Annual
Professional (64 hrs/yr @ $100/hr)30 yr $6,400 $192,000
Technician (16 hrs/yr @ $60/hr)30 yr $960 $28,800
Clerical (8 hrs/yr @ $50/hr)30 yr $2,000 $60,000
Sampling and Analytical
17 Groundwater Monitoring Wells Sampled and
Analyzed Semi-Annually for 30 years 1,020 events $500 $510,000
3 Surface Water Locations Sampled and
Analyzed Semi-Annually for 30 years 180 events $500 $90,000
Maintenance
Leachate Collection System - Annual Cleaning 30 yr N/A $0
Groundwater Monitoring Wells 30 yr $3,000 $90,000
Subtotal $970,800
Contingency (15%)$145,620
Note: Compliance monitoring based on Appendix I constituents TOTAL (ACTUAL)$1,116,420
ANNUAL COST $37,214
REQUIRED MINIMUM $2,000,000
April 2012
Table 2-2
Potential Assessment and Correction Action Costs
Duke Energy - Cliffside CCP LF
Permit No. 81-06
Rutherford County, North Carolina
Phases I and II