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Home My WebLink About2601_AnnStPhaseIV_LFGMP_25253_20160328 ƉƉĞŶĚŝǆ >ĂŶĚĨŝůů'ĂƐDŽŶŝƚŽƌŝŶŐWůĂŶ i Table of Contents.docx Table of Contents Section 1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 1-1 1.1 Purpose .............................................................................................................................................................. 1-1 1.2 General Characteristics of LFG and Methane Generation ............................................................. 1-1 1.2.1 Decomposition Rate and Volume ............................................................................................... 1-1 1.2.2 LFG Migration ..................................................................................................................................... 1-2 Section 2 Regulatory Background ..................................................................................................................... 2-1 2.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................... 2-1 2.2 Subtitle D and North Carolina Regulations ......................................................................................... 2-1 Section 3 Gas Monitoring Plan ............................................................................................................................ 3-1 3.1 Summary of Recommendations .............................................................................................................. 3-1 3.2.1 Well Design and Depth ................................................................................................................... 3-1 3.2 Monitoring Equipment Needed ............................................................................................................... 3-2 3.3 Frequency of Routine Monitoring .......................................................................................................... 3-2 3.4 Staffing ................................................................................................................................................................ 3-2 3.5 Monitoring Procedures ............................................................................................................................... 3-2 3.5.1 Monitoring Times .............................................................................................................................. 3-3 3.5.2 Sampling Procedures ....................................................................................................................... 3-3 3.6 Record Keeping............................................................................................................................................... 3-4 Section 4 Detection Plan ....................................................................................................................................... 4-1 4.1 Actions if Regulatory Limits Detected in Structures ...................................................................... 4-1 4.2 Actions if Regulatory Limits Detected at Monitoring Wells ........................................................ 4-1 4.3 Compliance Action Plan .............................................................................................................................. 4-2 4.3.1 Immediate Action .............................................................................................................................. 4-2 4.3.2 Actions Within Seven Days ........................................................................................................... 4-2 4.3.3 Actions Within Sixty Days ............................................................................................................. 4-3 4.4 Public Relations and Information ........................................................................................................... 4-3 Sheets Sheet 1 Monitoring Well Locations................................................................................................................ 3-5 Figures Figure 3-1 Typical Landfill Gas Monitoring Well Detail ....................................................................... 3-6 1-1 Section 1.docx Section 1 Introduction Landfill gas (LFG) is a natural by-product of the anaerobic decomposition of landfilled bio-degradable waste. LFG can present a danger to human health and the environment and therefore must be monitored. For these reasons, LFG is regulated by Federal and North Carolina state legislation. This Plan describes the systems and programs needed to fulfill federal and state regulations concerning LFG. In addition, this Plan describes the characteristics of LFG and its migration patterns; and provides alternative methods to control and destroy its harmful components. 1.1 Purpose This Plan fulfills the requirements set forth in Rule .1626(4) for monitoring and controlling LFG. This Plan: Describes the necessary LFG monitoring systems, Sets forth the monitoring procedures and programs, and Identifies the actions needed if levels of methane exceed regulatory limits. 1.2 General Characteristics of LFG and Methane Generation LFG can be an energy resource as well as a source of environmental pollution. The methane content is what makes LFG valuable as an energy resource. LFG is composed of approximately 50 percent methane in contrast to natural gas which consists of approximately 95 percent methane. LFG programs which focus on recovering gas as an energy resource include collection and extraction systems used to maximize its recovery. What makes LFG a source of environmental pollution is its odor, its potentially explosive properties, and its contribution to global warming. LFG programs which focus on the environmental hazards of landfill gas include collection systems to monitor the migration of gas and control or neutralize its environmental impacts. LFG is composed of 50 to 55 percent methane (CH4); 45 to 50 percent carbon dioxide (CO2); and, less than one percent non-methane organic compounds (NMOC). These individual gases remain co-mingled and do not naturally separate. 1.2.1 Decomposition Rate and Volume The decomposition of biodegradable waste begins with aerobic decomposition that typically lasts three to 18 months until the oxygen in the landfill is depleted. Following this, the anaerobic phase begins which results in LFG production. This anaerobic phase continues until all of the carbon-based materials are broken down or oxygen is reintroduced. Some historical LFG production generation models suggest that LFG generation continues for as long as 20 years. However, recent LFG recovery projects have demonstrated that production may continue beyond these 20 year estimates. A reintroduction of oxygen does not stop the production of LFG, it just retards it. The volume of LFG generated over the life of a landfill is a function of the total volume of organic waste in the landfill as Influenced by age, moisture, compaction, and pH. Section 1 x Introduction 1-2 Section 1.docx 1.2.2 LFG Migration The production of LFG creates a positive pressure within the landfill that forces the gas to migrate. LFG is lighter than air and moves upward unless there is a barrier. LFG will move laterally along the path of least resistance or lowest pressure. LFG migration is a function of soil conditions, hydrogeologic conditions, and weather conditions. LFG moves through porous soils, along underground pipes, and through trenches. In some cases the LFG migration path can be observed at the surface through observations of stressed vegetation. In these instances, LFG replaces the oxygen in root structures and eventually destroys the plants. If tightly capped, LFG will move downward or laterally. Unless LFG is collected, it may migrate laterally, off the landfill site. If the landfill does not have an impermeable cover cap, LFG may migrate upward, through the landfill surface and cause odor and air quality problems. The lining and capping of a landfill does not affect the production of gas, it only improves the potential to collect and control it. 2-1 Section 2.docx Section 2 Regulatory Background 2.1 Introduction Because of the real and potential dangers from LFG and the methane in landfill gas, to the public health and safety and to the environment, existing and pending federal and state regulations require owners of municipal solid waste landfills (MSWLFs) to monitor and control it. The regulations are contained in Title 15A NCAC Subchapter 13 B Section .1626 (4). 2.2 Subtitle D and North Carolina Regulations Methane gas is explosive when present within the range of five percent to 15 percent by volume in air. When present in concentrations greater than 15 percent, the mixture will not explode. The five percentage mixture is referred to as the Lower Explosive Limit (LEL) while the 15 percentage concentration is referred to as the Upper Explosive Limit (UEL). The State of North Carolina, through its 15A NCAC 13B .1626 (4) (a) requires owners of operating MSWLFs to ensure that the facility: does not exceed 25 percent of the lower explosive limit for methane in facility structures; and does not exceed the lower explosive limit at the facility property boundary. The lower explosive limit means the lowest percent by volume of a mixture of explosive gases in air that will promulgate a flame at 25° C and atmospheric pressure. Paragraph (4)(b) of Section .1626 of the North Carolina regulations require that a routine methane monitoring program be implemented to insure that these standards are met. A methane monitoring program typically involves sampling LFG emissions, using a specially designed meter, through a system of strategically located and specifically designed monitoring wells on a regularly scheduled basis. The time and frequency of monitoring must be determined based on soil conditions, hydrogeologic conditions and hydraulic conditions surrounding the facility, and locations of structures and property boundaries. However, compliance with Subtitle D requires that the minimum frequency of monitoring be quarterly. Cumberland County has been conducting an on-going methane monitoring program for both the unlined and Subtitle D Landfills. The County has been monitoring methane concentrations in on-site structures and a network of monitoring wells along the perimeter of the landfill property. The County currently conducts the quarterly monitoring with a GEM 2000 landfill gas meter. Part (4)(c) of Section .1626 of the North Carolina regulations require that if methane levels exceed the specified limits, the owner or operator must: immediately take all necessary steps to ensure the protection of human health; immediately notify the State (it is assumed that this will be the DWM Compliance officer); within seven days of detection, place in the operating record the methane gas levels detected; Section 2 x Regulatory Background 2-2 Section 2.docx within seven days of detection, provide a description of the steps taken to protect human health; within 60 days of detection, implement a remediation plan for the methane gas release; the plan shall describe the nature and extent of the problem and the proposed remedy; within 60 days of detection, place a copy of the plan in the operating record of the landfill; and within 60 days of detection, notify the State that the plan has been implemented. ϯͲϭ ^ĞĐƚŝŽŶϯ͘ĚŽĐǆ ^ĞĐƚŝŽŶϯ 'ĂƐDŽŶŝƚŽƌŝŶŐWůĂŶ 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ŵŽƌĞƉĞƌŵĞĂďůĞůĂŶĚĨŝůůĐĂƉǁŝůůĂůůŽǁŐƌĞĂƚĞƌŝŶĨůƵĞŶĐĞďǇďĂƌŽŵĞƚƌŝĐƉƌĞƐƐƵƌĞƚŚĂŶĂůĞƐƐƉĞƌŵĞĂďůĞ ůĂŶĚĨŝůůĐĂƉ͘ƐĂƌĞƐƵůƚ͕ůĂŶĚĨŝůůŐĂƐŵŽŶŝƚŽƌŝŶŐƐŚŽƵůĚďĞĐŽŶĚƵĐƚĞĚǁŚĞŶƚŚĞďĂƌŽŵĞƚƌŝĐƉƌĞƐƐƵƌĞŝƐůŽǁ ĂŶĚƐŽŝůƐĂƌĞƐĂƚƵƌĂƚĞĚ͘ƵƌŝŶŐƚŚĞǁŝŶƚĞƌƐĞĂƐŽŶǁŚĞŶƐŶŽǁĐŽǀĞƌŝƐũƵƐƚďĞŐŝŶŶŝŶŐƚŽŵĞůƚŽƌǁŚĞŶƚŚĞ ŐƌŽƵŶĚŝƐĨƌŽǌĞŶŽƌŝĐĞĐŽǀĞƌĞĚ͕ůĂŶĚĨŝůůŐĂƐŵŽŶŝƚŽƌŝŶŐƐŚŽƵůĚďĞĐŽŶĚƵĐƚĞĚǁŚĞŶƚŚĞďĂƌŽŵĞƚƌŝĐƉƌĞƐƐƵƌĞ ŝƐůŽǁ͘ ϯ͘ϱ͘Ϯ^ĂŵƉůŝŶŐWƌŽĐĞĚƵƌĞƐ ŶǇĂĐĐƵŵƵůĂƚŝŽŶŽĨůĂŶĚĨŝůůŐĂƐŝŶƚŚĞůĂŶĚĨŝůůŐĂƐŵŽŶŝƚŽƌŝŶŐǁĞůůƐŝƐƚŚĞƌĞƐƵůƚŽĨůĂŶĚĨŝůůŐĂƐŵŝŐƌĂƚŝŽŶ͘ dŚĞĨŽůůŽǁŝŶŐƉƌŽĐĞĚƵƌĞŝƐĂƌĞĐŽŵŵĞŶĚĞĚĞǆĂŵƉůĞĨŽƌĐŽŶĚƵĐƚŝŶŐůĂŶĚĨŝůůŐĂƐŵŽŶŝƚŽƌŝŶŐǁĞůů ŵŽŶŝƚŽƌŝŶŐ͕ďƵƚĂůǁĂǇƐƌĞĂĚĂŶĚĨŽůůŽǁƚŚĞŵĂŶƵĨĂĐƚƵƌĞƌ͛ƐŝŶƐƚƌƵĐƚŝŽŶƐďĞĐĂƵƐĞĞĂĐŚŝŶƐƚƌƵŵĞŶƚǁŝůůďĞ ĚŝĨĨĞƌĞŶƚ͘ ^ƚĞƉϭʹĂůŝďƌĂƚĞƚŚĞŝŶƐƚƌƵŵĞŶƚĂĐĐŽƌĚŝŶŐƚŽƚŚĞŵĂŶƵĨĂĐƚƵƌĞƌ͛ƐƐƉĞĐŝĨŝĐĂƚŝŽŶƐ͘/ŶĂĚĚŝƚŝŽŶ͕ƉƌĞƉĂƌĞƚŚĞ ŝŶƐƚƌƵŵĞŶƚĨŽƌŵŽŶŝƚŽƌŝŶŐďǇĂůůŽǁŝŶŐŝƚƚŽƉƌŽƉĞƌůǇǁĂƌŵƵƉĂƐĚŝƌĞĐƚĞĚďǇƚŚĞŵĂŶƵĨĂĐƚƵƌĞƌ͘DĂŬĞƐƵƌĞ ƚŚĞƐƚĂƚŝĐƉƌĞƐƐƵƌĞƐŚŽǁƐĂƌĞĂĚŝŶŐŽĨǌĞƌŽŽŶƚŚĞŝŶƐƚƌƵŵĞŶƚƉƌŝŽƌƚŽƚĂŬŝŶŐƚŚĞĨŝƌƐƚƐĂŵƉůĞ͘ 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ůĞǀĞůƐĚĞƚĞĐƚĞĚĂƚƚŚĞǁĞůůƐĞǆĐĞĞĚƐƚŚĞůŽǁĞƌĞǆƉůŽƐŝǀĞůŝŵŝƚ͕ƚŚĞƚĞĐŚŶŝĐŝĂŶƐŚĂůůŝŵŵĞĚŝĂƚĞůǇĨŽůůŽǁƚŚĞ ĂĐƚŝŽŶƉůĂŶƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĞĚŝŶ^ĞĐƚŝŽŶϰ͘Ϯ͘ ϯ͘ϲZĞĐŽƌĚ<ĞĞƉŝŶŐ ůůƌĞĂĚŝŶŐƐǁŝůůďĞƌĞĐŽƌĚĞĚŽŶĂƐƚĂŶĚĂƌĚŵĞƚŚĂŶĞŵŽŶŝƚŽƌŝŶŐůŽŐĨŽƌŵ͘ƐĂŵƉůĞŵĞƚŚĂŶĞŵŽŶŝƚŽƌŝŶŐ ůŽŐŝƐƉƌŽǀŝĚĞĚĂƚƚŚĞĞŶĚŽĨƚŚŝƐƐĞĐƚŝŽŶ͘dŚĞƐĞĨŽƌŵƐǁŝůůďĞƌĞǀŝĞǁĞĚĂŶĚŝŶŝƚŝĂůĞĚďǇƚŚĞůĂŶĚĨŝůů ƐƵƉĞƌǀŝƐŽƌŽƌƚŚĞŽƵŶƚǇΖƐŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůŽŶƐƵůƚĂŶƚĂŶĚƚŚĞŶƉůĂĐĞĚŝŶƚŚĞůĂŶĚĨŝůůŽƉĞƌĂƚŝŶŐƌĞĐŽƌĚƐ͘ dŚĞƐĞƋƵĂƌƚĞƌůǇŵĞƚŚĂŶĞŵŽŶŝƚŽƌŝŶŐůŽŐƐǁŝůůƌĞŵĂŝŶŽŶĨŝůĞĂƚƚŚĞůĂŶĚĨŝůůǁŝƚŚŽƚŚĞƌůĂŶĚĨŝůůƌĞĐŽƌĚƐ͘dŚĞƐĞ ƌĞĂĚŝŶŐƐƐŚŽƵůĚďĞĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĨŽƌƌĞǀŝĞǁďǇƚŚĞ^ƚĂƚĞƵƉŽŶƌĞƋƵĞƐƚ͘ LockingProtectiveCover WellcapwithstopcockorquickͲconnectfitting. FinishedGrade 2'x2'x6"ConcretePad Portlandcement/bentonitegrout 8"DiameterBorehole 1'BentoniteSeal #3SilicaSandFilterPack 2"Schedule40PVC0.010inchSlottedWellScreen Notes: StickͲupwillextendbetween2.5and3feetabovefinishedgrade. Silicasandfilterpackwillextendatleast1feetabovetopofscreenelevation. Welldepthandscreenlengthwillvaryupondepthtogroundwaterorbedrock. Figure3Ͳ1 TypicalLandfillGasMonitoringWellDetail 16 NC Division of Waste Management - Solid Waste Section Landfill Gas Monitoring Data Form Notice:This form and any information attached to it are "Public Records" as defined in NC General Statute 132-1. As such, these documents are available for inspection and examination by any person upon request (NC General Statute 132-6). Facility Name: ______________________________________________ Permit Number: ____________________________ Date of Sampling: ___________________ NC Landfill Rule (.0500 or .1600): _____________________________________ Name and Position of Sample Collector: _________________________________________ Type and Serial Number of Gas Meter: _______________________________ Calibration Date of Gas Meter: ___________ Date and Time of Field Calibration: _____________________ Type of Field Calibration Gas (15/15 or 35/50): ____________ Expiration Date of Field Calibration Gas Canister: ________ Pump Rate of Gas Meter: _____________ Ambient Air Temperature: __________ Barometric Pressure: ______________ General Weather Conditions: _____________ Instructions: Under “Location or LFG Well” identify the monitoring wells or describe the location for other tests (e.g., inside buildings). A drawing showing the location of test must be attached. Report methane readings in both % LEL and % methane by volume. A reading in percent methane by volume can be converted to % LEL as follows: % methane by volume = % LEL/20 If your facility has more gas monitoring locations than there is room on this form, please attach additional sheets listing the same information as contained on this form. Certification To the best of my knowledge, the information reported and statements made on this data submittal and attachments are true and correct. I am aware that there are significant penalties for making any false statement, representation, or certification including the possibility of a fine and imprisonment. _________________________________________ _________________________________________ SIGNATURE TITLE 4-1 Section 4.docx Section 4 Detection Plan Both Subtitle D and the North Carolina Solid Waste Management Rules require a contingency plan for action if methane levels exceed the regulatory concentration limits. The plan for action includes the specific step by step actions needed should regulatory limits be detected. 4.1 Actions if Regulatory Limits Detected in Structures If any structures on the landfill property have detections of methane equal to or greater than 25 percent of the LEL the following actions should be taken: the building should be immediately evacuated, the landfill supervisor should be immediately contacted, all individuals in and around the structure should be ordered to immediately stop smoking, all space heaters and similar appliances should be immediately disconnected from their power source, all doors and windows in the structure which gave the reading should be opened to permit the methane to escape, as a precautionary measure, the landfill operator will open doors and windows in all structures on the landfill property, equipment used to take the readings should be tested immediately to verify it was giving accurate readings. The technician will then proceed to take readings at all methane monitoring wells at the landfill. All levels should be verified and recorded on the methane monitoring log form. This information, including the verification that the equipment is providing accurate readings, the current readings, and the levels at all monitoring locations for the previous three quarters should be provided to the County's landfill supervisor. The Cumberland County landfill supervisor will make the decision to return to business as usual; temporarily evacuate the site; or follow the plan proposed in Section 4.3. 4.2 Actions if Regulatory Limits Detected at Monitoring Wells If any of the methane monitoring wells measure a level equal to or more than the 100 % lower explosive limit (5% methane) as defined by Subtitle D, the technician should: immediately contact the landfill supervisor, recheck the methane levels inside the facility structures. (If levels are close to or exceed 25 percent of the lower explosive level the actions in Section 4.1 should be followed.) Section 4 x Detection Plan 4-2 Section 4.docx Once it is verified that levels inside the buildings are safe, the technician should check and record readings at all remaining methane monitoring wells on the site. In addition, the equipment used to take the readings should be tested to verify it is giving accurate readings. This information, the current readings, and the levels for the previous three quarters should be provided to the Cumberland County landfill supervisor who will make the decision to: return to business as usual; temporarily evacuate the site; or, follow the plan proposed in Section 4.3. 4.3 Compliance Action Plan If upon verification as described in Sections 4.1 and 4.2, the methane monitoring levels are equal to or exceed the regulatory limits as defined by Solid Waste Rule .1626(4)(a), the following actions are proposed to both comply with the regulations as well as protect the health and safety of the individuals at or near the landfill site. 4.3.1 Immediate Action If methane levels exceed the specified limits, the landfill operator or the landfill supervisor will take immediate action to ensure the protection of human health and safety. This will include: evacuate all buildings on the site; open all doors and windows in buildings on the landfill site; notify the Cumberland County Manager Office's about the concentration levels; if warranted by the degree of intensity of the methane concentration, check the methane levels in structures near the landfill yet outside the facility boundary; if warranted by the degree of intensity of the methane concentration, evacuate the landfill area or evacuate the area adjacent to the landfill; notify the State compliance program about the reading; begin to identify or narrow down the source of the methane causing the readings exceeding the regulatory limits (i.e. the path that the methane is taking to the monitoring location); begin to identify the extent of the methane problem; as appropriate, begin to take corrective action to control the methane levels in building at the landfill site, at the boundaries to the landfill, and at the landfill site. 4.3.2 Actions Within Seven Days If methane levels exceed the regulatory limits, in order to comply with the Solid Waste rules, the County must take the following actions within seven days: place in the operating records of the landfill, the gas levels detected; and, provide a description to the Solid Waste Section of the steps taken to protect human health. It is also suggested that at this time, the operator begin to develop a plan which: Section 4 x Detection Plan 4-3 Section 4.docx describes the nature and extent of the problem, and proposes the remedy for the problem. 4.3.3 Actions Within Sixty Days If methane levels exceed the specified limits, the County must take the following actions within 60 days: implement a remediation plan for the methane gas release; place a copy of the plan in the operating record of the landfill; notify the appropriate Solid Waste Section official that the plan has been implemented. 4.4 Public Relations and Information As with any potentially dangerous situation, it is important to keep the public, public service agencies, and the media informed. False information, inaccurate information, or the lack of information concerning potential explosions at a public facility could create panic. If the County Manager determines that a potentially dangerous situation exists, it is recommended that a one page explanation of the situation be written and distributed to all homes and businesses within a one- half mile radius of the landfill. This should be done within the first two to four hours of making the determination that a potential danger to human health and safety exists. It is recommended that the County Manager appoint one individual to provide information to; the media; the police authorities with jurisdiction in the area; and area medical facilities. Area hospitals and police departments may receive calls once the local media releases the story. Centralizing the flow of information will avoid conflicting information and inaccurate information. Providing detailed and honest facts about the situation being under control is critical.