The URL can be used to link to this page

Home My WebLink About9704_WilkesCoMSWLF_2016ApprovedMonitoringPlans_DIN25945_20160413.pdf 9731-F Southern Pine Blvd. Charlotte, NC 28273 tel: 704/837-2002 fax: 704/837-2010 www.JoyceEngineering.com February 23, 2016 Ms. Christine Ritter, P.G. NC Department of Environmental Quality (NC DEQ) Division of Waste Management 217 West Jones Street Raleigh, NC 27603 RE: Permit to Operate Renewal Application Roaring River Landfill Wilkes County, North Carolina Permit #97-04 Dear Ms. Ritter: Joyce Engineering, Inc. (JOYCE) submitted on 12/21/2015 the revised Facility Plan, Operations Plan, and Financial Assurance cost estimates to the Solid Waste Section (SWS) for the landfill permit to operate renewal. The Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan (LFGMP) and Water Quality Monitoring Plan (WQMP) were planned to be revised to serve as stand alone documents and sumitted to SWS separately. On behalf of Wilkes County, JOYCE is now pleased to submit the attached Water Quality Monitoring Plan and Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan revisions for the application of continued operation of the Roaring River Landfill. Please do not hesitate to contact us during the review process with any questions or comments you may have. We look forward to working with you to get this permit renewed for continued operation of the landfill. Sincerely, JOYCE ENGINEERING, INC. Hannu Kemppinen, P.G.. Sr. Project Consultant Attachments Revised Water Quality Monitoring Plan Revised Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan C: Allen Gaither, SWS Kent Brandon, Roaring River Landfill Amy Davis, Alex Everhart, JOYCE PREPARED FOR: WILKES COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF SOLID WASTE 9219 ELKIN HIGHWAY ROARING RIVER, NORTH CAROLINA 28669 WATER QUALITY MONITORING PLAN ROARING RIVER LANDFILL WILKES COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA PERMIT NO. 97-04 DECEMBER 2015 PREPARED BY: 2211 WEST MEADOWVIEW ROAD SUITE 101 GREENSBORO, NORTH CAROLINA 27407 PHONE: (336) 323-0092 FAX: (336) 323-0093 WWW.JOYCEENGINEERING.COM JOYCE PROJECT NO. 356 NORTH CAROLINA CORPORATE LIC: C-0782 Water Quality Monitoring Plan Joyce Engineering, Inc. Roaring River Landfill December 2015 Wilkes County, North Carolina i WATER QUALITY MONITORING PLAN TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................1 1.1 Site Description .................................................................................................................1 1.2 Site Geology and Hydrogeology .......................................................................................1 2.0 GROUNDWATER MONITORING ................................................................................2 3.0 INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE OF THE GROUNDWATER MONITORING NETWORK ............................................................................................3 3.1 Groundwater Sampling Methodology...............................................................................3 3.1.1 Static Water Levels ............................................................................................4 3.1.2 Purging and Sampling Methodology .................................................................4 3.1.3 Sample Collection, Bottling, and Transportation ..............................................5 3.1.4 Field and Trip Blanks.........................................................................................6 3.2 Sample Analysis Requirements ........................................................................................7 3.3 Reporting and Record Keeping .........................................................................................7 3.4 Well Abandonment ...........................................................................................................8 4.0 COMPARISONS TO THE NC 2L AND GWPS .............................................................8 5.0 STATISTICAL ANALYSES ...........................................................................................9 5.1 Treatment of Censored Data .............................................................................................9 5.2 Assumption of Normality .................................................................................................9 5.3 Parametric Upper Tolerance Limit ...................................................................................9 5.4 Aitchison’s Adjusted Parametric Upper Prediction Limit ................................................9 5.5 Non-parametric Upper Tolerance Limit .........................................................................10 5.6 Poisson Upper Prediction Limit ......................................................................................10 6.0 SURFACE WATER MONITORING (RULE .0602) ....................................................10 7.0 ABILITY TO EFFECTIVELY MONITOR RELEASES ..............................................10 8.0 REFERENCES ...............................................................................................................10 Tables Table 1 Summary of Historical Groundwater Elevations Table 2 Summary of Estimated Hydraulic Gradients & Average Linear Velocities Drawing Drawing No. 1 Potentiometric Surface Contour Map October 26, 2015 Appendices Appendix - 1 Field Log Data Sheet Appendix - 2 Sample Chain of Custody Appendix - 3 Groundwater Limits and Standards Appendix - 4 Environmental Monitoring Guidelines and Memoranda Water Quality Monitoring Plan Joyce Engineering, Inc. Roaring River Landfill December 2015 Wilkes County, North Carolina 1 1.0 INTRODUCTION This Water Quality Monitoring Plan (WQMP) will serve as a guidance document for collecting and analyzing groundwater samples, managing the associated analytical results, and monitoring for any potential releases to the uppermost aquifer from the Wilkes County Roaring River Landfill, which consists of the Phases 1, 2, 3, and proposed Phase 4 vertical expansion. The Plan complies with Rules .1630 through .1637 of the North Carolina Solid Waste Management Rules, Title 15A, Subchapter 13B. 1.1 Site Description The Wilkes County Roaring River Landfill is owned and operated by Wilkes County under Permit No. 97-04. The landfill property is located near the town of Roaring River, North Carolina. The site is located on a group of knolls rising over 150 feet above the floodplain of the Yadkin River. The property boundary and disposal area are indicated on an enlarged portion of the USGS 7 ½ minute topographic map for Ronda, North Carolina (Drawing No. 1). The landfill facility boundary includes most of the area between the disposal cells and the floodplain of the Yadkin River. The approximately 145-acre site was originally investigated for suitability as a solid waste management facility in 1989 by Westinghouse Environmental and Geotechnical Services, Inc. (Westinghouse). Additional site characterization work was performed at the site in 1990 and 1991 by Municipal Engineering Services, P.A., during preparation of the Construction Plan Application for the Phase 1 cell, in accordance with expected revisions to the North Carolina Solid Waste Management Rules (NCSWMR), in response to Subtitle D regulations. Further site characterization work was performed in 1994, as part of the Transition Plan for the facility. Wilkes County submitted a Design Hydrogeologic Report in 1991 to North Carolina Department of Environment Quality (NCDEQ) and the facility began accepting waste in the Subtitle D lined Phase 1 in 1993. This cell, which occupies approximately 11.7 acres of the facility, reached final capacity in 1999. A site investigation and Design Hydrogeologic Report for the 7.3 acre Phase 2 was completed in December 1998. The Phase 2 disposal area reached final capacity in July 2006. A Design Hydrogeologic Report for the 6.7 acre Phase 3 was completed in May 2004 and construction was completed January 2006. Phase 4 of the waste disposal unit will be a vertical expansion of the Phase 3 area. 1.2 Site Geology and Hydrogeology The site is located at the boundary of the Inner Piedmont Belt and Blue Ridge Belt in the Brevard Fault Zone. In the vicinity of the site, the Brevard Zone is a five-mile wide, east-northeast trending fault zone with a complex structural and metamorphic history. Finely interlayered gneiss and schist within the zone are amphibolite facies, with peak metamorphism as high as the kyanite zone for pelitic assemblages. Typically, the more highly-strained and faulted parts of the zone have experienced retrograde metamorphism to greenschist facies. Rocks in the Brevard Zone have undergone various degrees of both ductile and brittle deformation. Espenshade and Water Quality Monitoring Plan Joyce Engineering, Inc. Roaring River Landfill December 2015 Wilkes County, North Carolina 2 others mapped four continuous faults that either bound the zone or separate rock units consistently over long distances. These faults contain both mylonitic and cataclastic rock, and exhibit the greatest degree of retrograde metamorphism. Two of these faults cross on or near the site. Bedrock at the site and in the Brevard Zone generally is more highly fractured than rock typical of most Piedmont and Mountain sites. The uppermost aquifer is unconfined and includes both saprolite and fractured bedrock, which are strongly connected. The groundwater level measurements taken on October 26-27, 2015 were used to construct the groundwater surface contours shown in Drawing No. 1. Historical static water levels are provided in Table 1. Groundwater flow is generally to the south-southwest. Hydraulic conductivities (K) were based on slug test values from the Design Hydrogeologic Report submitted in April 2004. An effective porosity of 16% was used to estimate average linear groundwater flow velocities. Linear groundwater flow velocities for wells screened in saprolite were computed using the following modified Darcy equation: V = Ki/ne where V = average linear velocity (feet per day), K = hydraulic conductivity (ft/day), i = horizontal hydraulic gradient, and ne = effective porosity. Based on calculations from the most recent sampling event, the average estimated linear groundwater flow velocity for the site is approximately 0.25 ft/day (Table 2). This falls within the range of historical estimates for groundwater flow velocities at this site. The linear velocity equation and resulting rates make the simplified assumptions of a homogeneous and isotropic aquifer. This equation can over-estimate velocities when applied to heterogeneous and/or anisotropic conditions such as are believed to exist at this site. The regolith and fractured bedrock common in Piedmont terrain are characteristically heterogeneous. Site boring logs record that regolith sampled at the site commonly exhibits relict foliation. These structures can result in locally anisotropic groundwater flow directions. Although the regolith and bedrock are hydraulically connected, the effective porosity generally decreases with depth into the underlying fractured bedrock. 2.0 GROUNDWATER MONITORING The groundwater monitoring network was designed to monitor for potential releases to the uppermost aquifer from existing Phases 1, 2, 3, and 4 at the Wilkes County Roaring River Landfill. Eleven active groundwater monitoring wells comprise the monitoring network at the Roaring River Landfill. The current compliance network consists of the following monitoring wells: MW-13 (facility background well), MW-5, MW-6, MW-7, MW-8, MW-9, MW-10, MW-12S, MW-12D, MW-17, and MW-18. Water Quality Monitoring Plan Joyce Engineering, Inc. Roaring River Landfill December 2015 Wilkes County, North Carolina 3 Monitoring Well Date Installed Classification Monitoring Program Total Depth from TOC (ft) Lithology of Screened Interval MW-2R 4/08/02 Abandoned - 116.00 Bedrock MW-5 8/12/93 Compliance Detection 38.11 Saprolite MW-6 8/13/93 Compliance Detection 37.60 Saprolite MW-7 8/11/93 Compliance Detection 41.77 Saprolite MW-8 8/11/93 Compliance Detection 58.50 Bedrock MW-9 8/12/93 Compliance Detection 37.57 Saprolite MW-10 9/02/98 Compliance Detection 76.75 Bedrock MW-12S 3/07/00 Compliance Detection 104.00 Partially Weathered Rock MW-12D 3/07/00 Compliance Detection 134.00 Partially Weathered Rock MW-13 2/05/01 Background Detection 88.00 Partially Weathered Rock MW-17 8/26/03 Compliance Detection 24.63 Saprolite MW-18 8/26/03 Compliance Detection 46.85 Saprolite Monitoring well MW-13 is the upgradient background monitoring well for the facility. This well replaced former background monitoring well MW-2R which was abandoned on September 13, 2010. Well MW-13 was installed in February 2001 to serve as the background well for the proposed C&D landfill; however, no C&D landfill has been constructed at this time. Well MW-13 was sampled for the first time on November 1, 2010 during the second semiannual event. Monitoring wells MW-5, -6, -7, -8, -9, and -10 are monitored to detect potential releases from Cell 1. Monitoring wells MW-12S and -12D were installed in March 2000 to be incorporated into the monitoring network to effectively monitor Cell 2, while monitoring wells MW-11S and MW-11D were abandoned for Phase 2 construction. Wells MW-17 and MW-18 were installed during the Design Hydrogeologic Investigation for Phase 3 and were incorporated into the facility network after the June 2006 approval of the revised Groundwater Monitoring Plan. 3.0 INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE OF THE GROUNDWATER MONITORING NETWORK The existing monitoring wells will be used and maintained in accordance with design specifications throughout the life of the monitoring program. The specifications are outlined in 15A NCAC Subchapter 2C, Section .0100. Routine well maintenance will include inspection and correction/repair of, as necessary, identification labels, concrete apron condition, locking caps and locks, and access to the wells. Wilkes County will re-evaluate the monitoring network, and provide recommendations to the Division of Waste Management (DWM) for modifying, rehabilitating, abandoning, or installing replacement or additional monitoring wells, as appropriate. 3.1 Groundwater Sampling Methodology Groundwater samples will be collected in accordance with Solid Waste Management Rules 15A NCAC 13B .1632 and the Solid Waste Section: Guidelines for Groundwater, Soil, and Surface Water Sampling (April 2008). Copies of the documents, as well as additional guidelines and Water Quality Monitoring Plan Joyce Engineering, Inc. Roaring River Landfill December 2015 Wilkes County, North Carolina 4 memoranda are included in Appendix - 4. Details of well purging, sample withdrawal, and decontamination methods, as well as chain-of-custody procedures are outlined below. 3.1.1 Static Water Levels Static water elevations and the total well depth will be measured to the nearest 0.01 of a foot in each well prior to the sampling of each well. An electronic water level meter will be used for the measurements. The distance from the top of the well casing to the water surface (and if not already known, the distance to the bottom of the well) will be measured using the tape attached to the probe. In between wells and following completion of the field sampling, the water level meter will be decontaminated using the following procedure. 1) Phosphate-free soap and distilled water wash; 2) Distilled water rinse; 3) Air dry. 3.1.2 Purging and Sampling Methodology A low-yield well (one that is incapable of yielding three well volumes within a reasonable time) will be purged so that water is removed from the bottom of the screened interval. Low-yield wells will be evacuated to dryness once. Within 24 hours of purging, the first sample will be field tested for pH, temperature, and specific conductance. Samples will then be collected and containerized in the order of the parameter’s volatilization sensitivity (i.e., total organic then total metals). A high-yield well (one that is capable of yielding more than three well volumes during purging) will be purged so that water is drawn down from the uppermost part of the water column to ensure that fresh water from the formation will move upward in the screen. At no time will a well be evacuated to dryness if the recharge rate causes the formation water to vigorously cascade down the sides of the screen, which could cause an accelerated loss of volatiles. A minimum of three well volumes will be evacuated from high-yield wells prior to sampling. A well volume is defined as the water contained within the well casing and pore spaces of the surrounding filter pack. The well volume will be calculated using the following formulas: Vc = (dc2/4) x3.14 x hw x (7.48 gallons/cubic foot) Vc (gallons) = 0.163 x hw (for a 2-inch well) where: Vc = volume in the well casing in gallons dc = casing diameter in feet (dc = 0.167 for a 2-inch well) hw = height of the water column in feet (i.e., well depth minus depth to water) Each well will be evacuated (purged) and sampled with a disposable bailer or a sampling pump. The bailer or pump will be lowered gently into the well to minimize the possibility of causing Water Quality Monitoring Plan Joyce Engineering, Inc. Roaring River Landfill December 2015 Wilkes County, North Carolina 5 degassing of the water. If sampled with a pump, flow rates will be regulated to minimize turbidity and degassing of the water. All equipment used for sampling will be handled in such a manner to ensure that the equipment remains decontaminated prior to use. In between wells and following completion of the field sampling, water level meters, sampling pumps, or any other reusable sampling equipment will be properly decontaminated. Clean disposable gloves will be worn by sampling personnel and changed between wells. The upgradient/background well will be sampled first, followed by the downgradient wells. The order of sampling of the downgradient wells will be evaluated each sampling event to provide a sequence going from less contaminated to more contaminated, if applicable, based on the previous sampling event. Field measurements of temperature, pH, specific conductance, and turbidity will be made before sample collection. The direct reading equipment used at each well will be calibrated according to the manufacturer's specifications prior to each sampling event. Groundwater samples will be collected and containerized in the order of the volatilization sensitivity (i.e., volatile organic compounds {VOCs} first, followed by the metals). 3.1.3 Sample Collection, Bottling, and Transportation Pre-preserved sample containers are properly prepared by the analytical laboratory scheduled to perform the analysis. No cleaning or preparation of sampling bottles by field personnel should be performed. The VOC vials will be filled in such a manner that no headspace remains after filling. Immediately upon collection, all samples will be placed in coolers on ice where they will be stored prior to and during transit to the laboratory. Samples collected will be properly containerized, packed in ice into coolers, and shipped via overnight courier to the laboratory for analysis. The chain-of-custody program will allow for tracing of possession and handling of samples from the time of field collection through laboratory analysis. The chain-of-custody program will include sample labels and seals, field logs, chain-of-custody records, and laboratory logs. Labels sufficiently durable to remain legible when wet will contain the following information: • Job and sample identification; • Monitoring well number or other location; • Date and time of collection; • Name of collector; • Parameter or method to be analyzed; and • Preservative, if applicable. Water Quality Monitoring Plan Joyce Engineering, Inc. Roaring River Landfill December 2015 Wilkes County, North Carolina 6 The shipping container will be sealed to ensure that the samples have not been disturbed during transport to the laboratory. If the sample cannot be analyzed because of damage or disturbance, whenever possible, the damaged sample will be replaced during the same compliance period. The field log will contain sheets documenting the following information: • Identification of the well; • Well depth; • Static water level depth; • Presence of immiscible layers, odors or other indications of potential contamination; • Purge volume (given in gallons); • Time well was purged; • Date and time of collection; • Well sampling sequence; • Field analysis data and methods; • Field observations on sampling event; • Name of collector(s); • Climatic conditions (temperature, precipitation). A sample field log sheet for groundwater is provided in Appendix - 1. The chain-of-custody record is required to establish the documentation necessary to trace sample possession from time of collection to time of receipt at destination. A chain-of-custody record will accompany each individual shipment. The record will contain the following information: • Sample destination and transporter; • Sample identification numbers; • Signature of collector; • Date and time of collection; • Sample type; • Identification of well; • Number of sample containers in shipping container; • Parameters requested for analysis; • Signature of person(s) involved in the chain of possession; • Inclusive dates of possession; and • Internal temperature of shipping container upon opening (noted by the laboratory). A copy of the completed chain-of-custody sheet will accompany the shipment and will be returned to the shipper with the analytical results. The chain of custody record will also be used as the analysis request sheet. A sample chain-of-custody form is included in Appendix -2. 3.1.4 Field and Trip Blanks A field blank will be collected and analyzed during each sampling event to verify that the sample collection and handling processes have not affected the integrity of the field samples. The field Water Quality Monitoring Plan Joyce Engineering, Inc. Roaring River Landfill December 2015 Wilkes County, North Carolina 7 blank will be prepared in the field from lab pure water (Type II reagent grade water) supplied by the laboratory. One field blank will be prepared for each sampling event. The field blank will be generated by exposing the lab pure water to the sampling environment in the same manner as actual field samples being collected. The lab will provide appropriate sample containers for generation of the field blank(s). The field blank will be subjected to the same analyses as the groundwater samples. As with all other samples, the time of the field blank collection will be recorded so that the sampling sequence is documented. The field blank monitors for contamination from contamination that might occur between samples and sample containers as they are opened and exposed to the sampling environment. Whenever groundwater samples are being collected for volatiles analysis, a trip blank will be generated by the laboratory prior to shipment of sampling containers and coolers to the field, using lab pure water as described above. The trip blank shall be transported with the empty sampling containers to the field, but will not be opened at any time prior to analysis at the laboratory. The trip blank will accompany the groundwater samples in the cooler back to the laboratory and will be analyzed by the same volatile methods as the associated field samples. The trip blank monitors for potential cross-contamination that might occur between samples or that may be a result of the shipping environment. Detectable levels of contaminants found in the field blanks or trip blanks will not be used to correct the groundwater data, but will be noted accordingly. Detections of constituents in site groundwater or surface water samples may be blank-qualified if the concentration detected in the sample is less than 5 times (or 10 times, in the case of some common laboratory contaminants such as methylene chloride and some phthalates) the concentrations of that constituent detected in the field, trip, or method blanks. Contaminants present in trip blanks or field blanks at concentrations within an order of magnitude of those observed in the corresponding groundwater samples may be cause for resampling. 3.2 Sample Analysis Requirements Analysis of groundwater samples from the facility will be conducted by a laboratory certified by the NCDEQ. Analyses will be performed in accordance with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) SW-846 methods. Groundwater samples will be analyzed for the constituents listed in NCSWMR Appendix I in accordance with 15A NCAC 13B.1633 (Detection Monitoring Program). In addition, field analyses for temperature, pH, specific conductance, and turbidity will be performed for each sample. Appendix 3 includes a table of all Appendix I and Appendix II constituents with their respective analytical methods, CAS numbers, DEQ Solid Waste Section Limits (SWSL), 15A NCAC 2L (NC 2L) groundwater standards, and groundwater protection standards (GWPS). All limits and standards are current as of the submittal date of the WQMP. 3.3 Reporting and Record Keeping The laboratory analytical results will be submitted to the Solid Waste Section at least semiannually. The following measurements, analytical data, calculations, and other relevant Water Quality Monitoring Plan Joyce Engineering, Inc. Roaring River Landfill December 2015 Wilkes County, North Carolina 8 groundwater monitoring records will be kept throughout the active life of the facility and the post-closure care period: • Records of all groundwater quality data; • Associated sample collection field logs and measurements, such as static water level measured in compliance wells at the time of sample collection; and • Notices and reports of NC 2L Standard and/or GWPS exceedences, reporting or data error, missing data, etc. 3.4 Well Abandonment Any monitoring wells at the site which need to be abandoned due to damage, construction activities, or approved changes in the monitoring network will be properly abandoned in accordance with the procedures for permanent abandonment, as described in 15A NCAC 2C Rule .0113(d). Prior to abandonment, approval must be received from the Solid Waste Section and will also be certified by a licensed geologist. No wells will be abandoned without prior approval from the SWS. 4.0 COMPARISONS TO THE NC 2L AND GWPS Constituents detected in the groundwater samples collected from the compliance network shall be compared to the NC 2L Standards established by 15A NCAC 2L.0202. For constituents without NC 2L Standards, the groundwater samples shall be compared to the GWPS established by the SWS. Unless otherwise established by DEQ, the standards for all constituents shall be equal to their respective NC 2L or GWPS (see Appendix -3), unless the NC 2L or GWPS is below the SWSL, in which case the standard shall be equal to the SWSL. If a statistically-determined background concentration for a constituent is greater than the applicable NC 2L or GWPS, the background may be considered the standard for comparison. The initial comparison will be performed using a value-to-value procedure. If an analyte is detected above the NC 2L or GWPS in a given sampling event, confidence limits may be calculated based on the most recent four sampling events, and if the lower confidence limit is not above the NC 2L or GWPS, the detection shall not be considered a statistically significant level compared to the NC 2L or GWPS. If an analyte is detected below the NC 2L or GWPS, even if it is a quantifiable concentration, compliance action will not be required unless it is demonstrated to represent a statistically significant increase over background. If a suspect NC 2L or GWPS exceedance is noted during the value-to-value comparison, a confirmation sample may be collected. The results from a confirmation sample will be compared to the NC 2L or GWPS in a value-to-value comparison, or the value may be statistically compared to background. Water Quality Monitoring Plan Joyce Engineering, Inc. Roaring River Landfill December 2015 Wilkes County, North Carolina 9 5.0 STATISTICAL ANALYSES The background data are to be evaluated through the use of Parametric Prediction Limits, Parametric Tolerance Intervals, Non-Parametric Prediction Limits, or Poisson Prediction Limits as appropriate. Tests for normality, outliers, Aitchison’s adjustment, tolerance intervals, or prediction limits are to be included as appropriate based on the background data. The statistical test by which downgradient data are compared to facility background data is based upon the nature of the data and the number of data values that are less than the laboratory limit of detection. All statistical tests are evaluated at the 0.05 level of significance, 95% confidence level, and are conducted as one-tailed tests. These methods and the criteria for their use are discussed below. 5.1 Treatment of Censored Data Generally, background data are censored as follows. When less than or equal to 15% of the background data values are less than the applicable reporting limit (SWSL), any data reported less than the SWSL will be treated as one-half the SWSL. 5.2 Assumption of Normality Prior to conducting statistical tests that are based on the assumption of normally distributed data, normality of the background data is evaluated using the Shapiro-Wilk statistic (W). Normality is assessed at the 95% confidence level. In the event that the raw data fail to follow a normal distribution, the data are transformed using a base-10 logarithm. The transformed data are then tested for normality using the Shapiro-Wilk statistic. In the event that the log-transformed data also fail to follow a normal distribution, a non-parametric approach is applied. 5.3 Parametric Upper Tolerance Limit In some cases the background data consist of a minimum of eight independent data values and less than or equal to 15% of the background data values are less than the RL for a given analyte. The downgradient values are then compared to the parametric upper tolerance limit in accordance with the procedure summarized in the USEPA guidance documents, Statistical Analysis of Groundwater Monitoring Data at RCRA Facilities, Interim Final Guidance (USEPA, 1989) and Statistical Analysis of Groundwater Monitoring Data at RCRA Facilities, Addendum to Interim Final Guidance (USEPA, 1992). 5.4 Aitchison’s Adjusted Parametric Upper Prediction Limit In those cases where the background data consist of a minimum of eight independent data values and more than 15%, but less than or equal to 50%, of the background data values are less than the RL for a given analyte, the mean and standard deviation are adjusted. This is done in accordance with the procedure described by Aitchison (1955) and summarized in the USEPA guidance document (USEPA, 1992). After the adjustments are made, the downgradient values Water Quality Monitoring Plan Joyce Engineering, Inc. Roaring River Landfill December 2015 Wilkes County, North Carolina 10 are compared to the Aitchison’s adjusted parametric upper prediction limit in accordance with the procedures summarized in the USEPA guidance documents (USEPA, 1989 and USEPA, 1992). 5.5 Non-parametric Upper Tolerance Limit In those cases where more than 50%, but less than or equal to 90%, of the background data values are less than the RL for a given analyte or the background data fail to follow a normal or log-normal distribution, downgradient values are compared to the non-parametric upper tolerance limit. This procedure is done in accordance with the procedures summarized in the USEPA guidance documents (USEPA, 1989 and USEPA, 1992). 5.6 Poisson Upper Prediction Limit In those cases where more than 90% of the background data values are less than the RL for a given analyte, the downgradient values are compared to the Poisson upper prediction limit. These comparisons are made in accordance with the procedure summarized in the USEPA guidance document (USEPA, 1992). 6.0 SURFACE WATER MONITORING (RULE .0602) Surface water monitoring has not been conducted in the past and none is proposed in this plan. 7.0 ABILITY TO EFFECTIVELY MONITOR RELEASES There are no known conditions, physical or hydrogeologic, which will interfere with the effective monitoring of Phases 1, 2, and 3, including the proposed Phase 4 vertical expansion. Depths to groundwater and bedrock are well defined in and around the site, especially in the area of Phase 3/4. This condition presents a significant environmental advantage for the long term monitoring of this unit by retarding the downward migration of any potential releases of solid waste constituents. The proposed Water Quality Monitoring Plan, when implemented, will be effective in providing early detection of any release of hazardous constituents to the surficial aquifer beneath the Roaring River Landfill, so as to be protective of public health and the environment. 8.0 REFERENCES Brown, Philip M., Chief Geologist, 1985, Geologic Map of North Carolina, The North Carolina Geologic Survey, scale 1:500,000. Fetter, C.W., 2001, Applied Hydrogeology, Fourth Edition: Prentice-Hall, Inc. Johnson, A.I., 1967, Specific Yield - Compilation of Specific Yields For Various Materials: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1662-D. Water Quality Monitoring Plan Joyce Engineering, Inc. Roaring River Landfill December 2015 Wilkes County, North Carolina 11 North Carolina Dept. Environment, Health, and Natural Resources (NCDEHNR), 1995, N.C. Water Quality Monitoring Guidance Document for Solid Waste Facilities, March. USEPA, 1986, RCRA Ground Water Monitoring, Technical Enforcement Guidance Document (TEGD). USEPA, 1992, Statistical Analysis of Groundwater Monitoring Data at RCRA Facilities, Addendum to Interim Final Guidance, Chapter 2. TABLES TABLE 1 – SUMMARY OF HISTORICAL GROUNDWATER ELEVATIONS TABLE 2- SUMMARY OF ESTIMATED HYDRAULIC GRADIENTS & AVERAGE LINEAR VELOCITIES TABLE -1 SUMMARY OF HISTORICAL GROUNDWATER ELEVATIONS TABLE 1 Summary of Historical Groundwater Elevations Wilkes County Roaring River Landfill Permit No. 97-04 Joyce Engineering MW-2 MW-2R MW-13 MW-5 MW-6 MW-7 MW-8 MW-9 MW-10 MW-12S MW-12D MW-17 MW-18 TOC Elevation 1115.00 1118.10 1067.26 996.15 981.01 984.08 984.46 971.89 1024.10 1052.79 1052.89 986.68 1026.49 Well Depth 81.50 116.00 84.00 38.11 37.60 41.77 58.50 37.57 76.75 104.00 134.00 24.63 46.85 Oct-94 1042.13 NI NI 966.74 949.27 947.37 948.60 943.17 NI NI NI NI NI Apr-95 1042.19 NI NI 966.73 949.01 946.65 948.07 943.08 NI NI NI NI NI Oct-95 1041.70 NI NI 967.05 948.73 946.67 947.85 943.24 NI NI NI NI NI Apr-96 1043.10 NI NI 968.15 950.20 947.21 948.46 943.34 NI NI NI NI NI Nov-96 1040.56 NI NI 967.40 949.28 946.75 947.96 943.36 NI NI NI NI NI Mar-97 1041.55 NI NI 968.14 951.06 947.61 948.99 944.23 NI NI NI NI NI Sep-97 1039.38 NI NI 966.55 948.88 947.07 951.62 943.81 NI NI NI NI NI Mar-98 1037.72 NI NI 969.55 949.61 946.98 948.34 944.19 NI NI NI NI NI Sep-98 1042.12 NI NI 967.92 950.09 947.36 948.57 943.43 956.95 NI NI NI NI Oct-98 1040.53 NI NI 967.13 948.76 946.77 947.98 943.37 956.08 NI NI NI NI Nov-98 1039.10 NI NI 966.53 947.76 946.33 947.68 943.64 955.13 NI NI NI NI Dec-98 1038.41 NI NI 966.20 947.24 946.08 947.35 942.29 954.56 NI NI NI NI Feb-99 1036.80 NI NI 968.43 947.79 946.31 947.61 943.77 953.18 NI NI NI NI Apr-99 Dry NI NI 967.89 948.44 946.36 947.61 943.34 952.93 NI NI NI NI Sep-99 Dry NI NI 965.54 946.43 945.33 946.50 942.86 NA NI NI NI NI Apr-00 Dry NI NI 965.71 945.72 945.34 947.85 943.31 951.29 958.39 958.38 NI NI Sep-00 Dry NI NI 964.15 945.49 945.20 946.52 943.43 949.79 956.37 956.58 NI NI Mar-01 Dry NI NM 964.30 944.87 944.86 946.21 943.49 948.39 954.38 954.56 NI NI Oct-01 Dry NI 1011.26 960.32 944.79 944.15 945.46 943.49 947.56 954.05 953.23 NI NI Apr-02 Dry 1018.99 1007.27 961.64 946.59 944.28 945.71 943.38 947.40 952.78 949.37 NI NI Nov-02 AB 1032.21 1010.05 961.81 946.92 943.07 946.25 943.90 947.40 949.98 946.52 NI NI May-03 AB 1037.34 1008.78 964.50 951.47 946.87 948.19 944.07 947.43 951.89 944.49 NI NI Nov-03 AB 1041.84 NM 962.60 950.27 946.77 948.05 943.42 948.66 955.89 954.78 NS NS Apr-04 AB 1041.41 NM 963.52 948.59 946.70 947.51 943.88 948.54 954.92 954.11 967.57 995.90 Oct-04 AB 1041.53 NM 962.11 947.33 945.43 945.76 943.68 950.62 954.06 954.41 967.30 995.49 May-05 AB 1041.82 NM 963.19 949.53 946.57 946.85 943.96 948.89 954.14 954.73 967.46 987.81 Oct-05 AB 1042.35 NM 960.87 945.83 945.05 945.27 943.51 948.62 954.36 953.60 967.19 993.87 29-Jun-06 AB 1030.65 NM 958.18 943.61 944.08 944.52 946.31 948.21 952.45 952.55 963.04 991.49 07-Dec-06 AB 1039.79 NM 959.85 Dry 944.43 944.76 943.76 Dry 951.34 951.34 Dry 992.24 28-Jun-07 AB 1040.52 NM 959.61 Dry 944.40 944.82 942.93 947.61 951.35 951.38 966.53 979.73 19-Dec-07 AB 1038.71 NM 958.68 Dry 942.46 942.74 941.34 947.61 949.72 930.89 966.68 979.73 28-Apr-08 AB 1067.25 NM 959.42 Dry 942.67 943.02 941.66 947.42 949.95 949.97 966.79 993.45 30-Dec-08 AB 1037.69 NM 958.27 Dry 942.39 NS 942.20 947.41 950.11 944.41 967.03 990.66 24-Jun-09 AB 1038.56 NM 958.47 946.16 944.79 NS 944.39 947.57 951.65 943.56 962.69 994.60 16-Dec-09 AB 1041.43 NM 960.52 950.67 952.89 NS 944.70 947.37 952.90 940.66 967.30 996.27 22-Jun-10 AB 1045.29 NM 959.14 950.08 946.27 NS 944.20 947.61 955.62 936.47 966.86 995.72 01-Nov-10 AB AB 1012.67 958.94 947.98 945.57 NS 944.20 947.62 950.81 950.87 966.85 994.96 11-Apr-11 AB AB 1012.21 960.16 947.96 945.46 NS 944.81 947.58 950.19 949.84 967.38 996.18 17-Oct-11 AB AB 1011.17 Dry 944.73 943.17 NS 941.77 Dry 950.14 949.15 966.68 979.84 09-Apr-12 AB AB 1010.38 Dry 944.46 943.39 NS 942.51 Dry 950.15 949.00 967.22 Dry 16-Oct-12 AB AB 1009.93 Dry 944.17 943.19 NS 942.61 Dry 950.79 950.89 966.68 Dry 15-Apr-13 AB AB 1011.54 959.46 947.25 944.28 NS 944.49 947.52 949.10 949.24 967.50 995.28 07-Oct-13 AB AB 1014.11 -948.82 945.27 NS 942.44 -949.19 949.24 965.59 993.87 28-Apr-14 AB AB 1014.18 960.64 950.33 946.48 NS 944.49 -951.17 951.25 967.23 996.68 13-Oct-14 AB AB 1012.83 958.50 946.01 944.39 NS 942.87 -950.65 951.01 966.44 993.72 08-Apr-15 AB AB 1011.76 958.26 944.22 943.08 NS 941.73 -950.14 949.87 966.79 995.47 26-Oct-15 AB AB 1008.76 958.75 dry 942.58 NS 941.64 -950.14 949.14 965.93 992.24 Notes: 1. Dry = Monitoring well was considered to be dry and no water level measured. 2. AB = Monitoring well was abandoned. 3. NI = Monitoring well was not installed. 4. NS = Monitoring well was not sampled. 5. NA = Not available. 6. Shaded cells indicated the deepest the water level meter could reach. DowngradientLocationBackground TABLE – 2 SUMMARY OF ESTIMATED HYDRAULIC GRADIENTS & AVERAGE LINEAR VELOCITIES TABLE 2 Estimated Hydraulic Gradients and Average Linear Velocities Wilkes County Roaring River Landfill Permit No. 97-04 Joyce Engineering i K n V (ft/ft)(ft/day)(ft/day) 1030 970 1030 950 1040 950 Average 0.073 Average 0.25 Notes: 1. Linear flow velocities in plain type = Ki/ne. 2. Effective porosity is based on average specific yields calculated using the Johnson (1967) textural classification triangle from the Design Hydrogeologic Report and Groundwater Monitoring Plan prepared by Joyce Engineering, Inc. in April 2004. 3. Hydraulic conductivity is based on a geomean of individual well slug tests performed for wells at the site. 4. Gradient calculation segments were obtained from Drawing No. 1. i 3 0.23 SSE GRADIENT CALCULATION SEGMENT GROUNDWATER ELEVATION (feet) HORIZONTAL GRADIENT HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY EFFECTIVE POROSITY LINEAR VELOCITY October-15 FLOW DIRECTION FLOW LINE LENGTH (feet) 896i1 i 2 0.210.16 0.165.5E-01 5.5E-01 0.16 1342 5.5E-01 0.067 0.32 0.060SSW WSW 0.094960 DRAWING 1 POTENTIOMETRIC SURFACE CONTOUR MAP OCTOBER 26, 2015 APPENDIX -1 FIELD LOG DATA SHEET Date: Budget: # hours per person Sample Event Memo Project Name: Wilkes Co. Roaring River (97-04) Project No. /Task No.: 356.1601.12.04 Project Manager A. Everhart Sampler(s): G.Eller / H. Seaton Arrival Time (Each Day): Departure Time (Each Day): Additional Field work/ Instructions: Fill out well Condition Form, Label any unlabeled wells, Note the Condition of All of the wells listed below 1 hour per person for LFG (Task 06) Field Comments (Erosion, access, problems, etc.): Signature: ________________________________ Date: ______________________ Sample Points Analyte List Additional Field Parameters MW-13( Background Well) NC Appendix I MW-5, MW-6, MW-7, MW-9 NC Appendix I MW-10, MW-12S, MW-12D NC Appendix I MW-17, MW-18 NC Appendix I Leachate NC Appendix I Metals and VOC’s Plus: Manganese, Molybdenum, Mercury, BOD, Oil and Grease, Cyanide, TSS Field Blank NC App 1 Trip Blank NC App 1 VOC’s only Monitoring Well Conditions MW-5 MW-6 MW-7 MW-8 MW-9 MW-10 MW- 12S MW- 12D Unlocked? (Y/N) Casing damage? (Y/N) Labeled? (Y/N) Pad damage? (Y/N) Standing water around well? (Y/N) MW-13 MW-17 MW-18 Unlocked? (Y/N) Casing damage? (Y/N) Labeled? (Y/N) Pad damage? (Y/N) Standing water around well? (Y/N) Comments________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Gas Probe Conditions Check boxes where deficiencies are noted and explain below: GP-1 GP-2 GP-3 GP-5 Unlocked Casing damage Evidence of tampering Pad damage Standing water around well Comments_______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ _ DATE: GROUND WATER SAMPLING LOG Project Name: Wilkes Co. Roaring River Project No. /Task No.: 356.1601.12.01 Well ID: 9704-MW Sampler(s): Well Location: Well Diameter: inches Initial Depth to Water (DTW): feet Depth to Bottom (DTB): feet Water Column Thickness (WCT): feet [DTB-DTW] Calculation for One Well Volume (WV): For 2” Well: WCT X 0.163 = - gallons For 4” Well: WCT X 0.653 = gallons For THREE Well Volumes: WV X 3 = - gallons Actual Amount Purged/Bailed: - gallons Purged with: Sampled with: Depth to Water before Sampling: feet Gallons Time Temp(°C) pH Cond. (µS) Turb.(ntu) Initials Before Sampling Comments (weather conditions, odor, color, silt, etc.):. Signature: ________________________________ Date: ________________________ QA/QC Sign Off: __________________________ Date: ________________________ APPENDIX -2 SAMPLE CHAIN OF CUSTODY CHAIN-OF-CUSTODY / Analytical Request Document The Chain-of-Custody is a LEGAL DOCUMENT. All relevant fields must be completed accurately. Section A Section B Section C Required Client Information:Required Project Information:Invoice Information: Fax: Y / N DATE TIME DATE TIME 1 WT G X X X X 2 WT G X X X X 3 WT G X X X X 4 WT G X X X X 5 WT G X X X X 6 WT G X X X X 7 WT G X X X X 8 WT G X X X X 9 WT G X X X X 10 WT G X X X X 11 WT G X X X X 12 X X TE M P i n C Re c e i v e d o n I c e (Y / N ) Cu s t o d y S e a l e d Co o l e r ( Y / N ) Sa m p l e s I n t a c t (Y / N ) SAMPLER NAME AND SIGNATURE PRINT Name of SAMPLER: SIGNATURE of SAMPLER:DATE Signed: TIMETIMEDATERELINQUISHED BY / AFFILIATIONADDITIONAL COMMENTS M e t h a n o l O t h e r Page :1 Of 1 NC A p p e n d i x I M e t a l s NC A p p e n d i x I V O C 8 2 6 0 ' s SAMPLE CONDITIONSDATEACCEPTED BY / AFFILIATION Requested Analysis Filtered (Y/N) R e s i d u a l C h l o r i n e ( Y / N ) Preservatives A n a l y s e s T e s t S A M P L E T E M P A T C O L L E C T I O N # O F C O N T A I N E R S U n p r e s e r v e d H 2 S O 4 H N O 3 H C I N a O H N a 2 S 2 O 3 9704- Field Blank 9704- Trip Blank I T E M # SAMPLE ID One Character per box. (A-Z, 0-9 / , -) Sample Ids must be unique MATRIX Drinking Water Water Waste Water Product Soil/Solid Oil Wipe Air Other Tissue CODE DW WT WW P SL OL WP AR OT TS M A T R I X C O D E ( s e e v a l i d c o d e s t o l e f t ) 9704-MW12D 9704-MW17 9704-MW18 9704-MW9 9704-MW10 9704-MW12S 9704-MW5 9704-MW6 9704-MW7 Regulatory Agency State / Location North Carolina 9704-MW13 S A M P L E T Y P E ( G = G R A B C = C O M P ) COLLECTED START END Pace Quote Reference: Pace Project Manager:Dale Ingram Pace Profile #: Attention:Lecia Jones Company Name:Joyce Engineering Address:1604 Ownby Lane, Richmond, VA 23220 Purchase Order No. Wilkes-Roaring River 356.1601.12 Container Order Number:Requested Due Date/TAT:10 Day (Default) Report To: Client Project ID: Company:Joyce Engineering-VA Address: Alex Everhart Copy To:2211 West Meadowview Rd Email To:aeverhart@joyceengineering.com Greensboro, NC 27407 Phone:(336) 323-0092 APPENDIX -3 GROUNDWATER LIMITS AND STANDARDS Disclaimer: This table is intended to provide summary information only. It does not substitute for any written regulation, nor is it a regulation itself. 1 Substance 15A NCAC 02L .0202 Groundwater Standards (Effective April 1, 2013) ug/L (unless otherwise indicated) Acenaphthene 80 Acenaphthylene 200 Acetone 6 mg/L Acrylamide 0.008 Anthracene 2 mg/L Arsenic 10 Atrazine and chlorotriazine metabolites 3 Barium 700 Benzene 1 Benzo(a)anthracene 0.05 Benzo(b)fluoranthene 0.05 Benzo(k)fluoranthene 0.5 Benzoic acid 30 mg/L Benzo(g,h,i)perylene 200 Benzo(a)pyrene 0.005 Bis(chloroethyl)ether 0.03 Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate) 3 Boron 700 Bromodichloromethane 0.6 Bromoform (tribromomethane) 4 n-Butylbenzene 70 sec-Butylbenzene 70 tert-Butylbenzene 70 Butylbenzyl phthalate 1 mg/L Cadmium 2 Caprolactam 4 mg/L Disclaimer: This table is intended to provide summary information only. It does not substitute for any written regulation, nor is it a regulation itself. 2 Substance 15A NCAC 02L .0202 Groundwater Standards (Effective April 1, 2013) ug/L (unless otherwise indicated) Carbofuran 40 Carbon disulfide 700 Carbon tetrachloride 0.3 Chlordane 0.1 Chloride 250 mg/L Chlorobenzene 50 Chloroethane 3 mg/L Chloroform (trichloromethane) 70 Chloromethane (methyl chloride) 3 2-Chlorophenol 0.4 2-Chlorotoluene (o-chlorotoluene) 100 Chromium 10 Chrysene 5 Coliform organisms, Total 1 per 100 mL Color 15 color units Copper 1 mg/L Cyanide, free 70 2,4-D 70 DDD 0.1 DDT 0.1 Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene 0.005 Dibromochloromethane 0.4 1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane 0.04 Dibutyl phthalate (di-n-butyl phthalate) 700 1,2-Dichlorobenzene (orthodichlorobenzene) 20 1,3-Dichlorobenzene (metadichlorobenzene) 200 Disclaimer: This table is intended to provide summary information only. It does not substitute for any written regulation, nor is it a regulation itself. 3 Substance 15A NCAC 02L .0202 Groundwater Standards (Effective April 1, 2013) ug/L (unless otherwise indicated) 1,4-Dichlorobenzene (paradichlorobenzene) 6 Dichlorodifluoromethane (Freon-12; Halon) 1 mg/L 1,1-Dichloroethane 6 1,2-Dichloroethane (ethylene dichloride) 0.4 1,2-Dichloroethene (cis) 70 1,2-Dichloroethene (trans) 100 1,1-Dichloroethylene (vinylidene chloride) 3501 1,2-Dichloropropane 0.6 1,3-Dichloropropene (cis and trans isomers) 0.4 Dieldrin 0.002 Diethylphthalate 6 mg/L 2,4-Dimethylphenol (m-xylenol) 100 Di-n-octyl phthalate 100 1,4-Dioxane (p-dioxane) 3 Dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD) 0.0002 ng/L 1,1-Diphenyl (1,1-biphenyl) 400 Dissolved solids, Total 500 mg/L Disulfoton 0.3 Diundecyl phthalate (Santicizer 711) 100 Endosulfan (includes technical mixture of alpha and beta isomers) 40 Endrin, total (includes endrin, endrin aldehyde, and endrin ketone) 2 Epichlorohydrin 4 1 1,1-Dichloroethylene (vinylidene chloride, or 1,1 DCE ) was adopted by the Environmental Management Commision in accordance with 15A NCAC 02L .0202 (f) and is above the federal MCL. Where a private drinking water well or public water system is impacted by 1,1 DCE, the applicable standard is 7 ug/L, in accordance with 15A NCAC 02L .0202. Disclaimer: This table is intended to provide summary information only. It does not substitute for any written regulation, nor is it a regulation itself. 4 Substance 15A NCAC 02L .0202 Groundwater Standards (Effective April 1, 2013) ug/L (unless otherwise indicated) Ethyl acetate 3 mg/L Ethylbenzene 600 Ethylene dibromide (1,2-dibromoethane) 0.02 Ethylene glycol 10 mg/L Fluoranthene 300 Fluorene 300 Fluoride 2 mg/L Foaming agents 500 Formaldehyde 600 Gross alpha (adjusted) particle activity (excludes radium-226 and uranium) 15 pCi/L Heptachlor 0.008 Heptachlor epoxide 0.004 Heptane 400 Hexachlorobenzene (perchlorobenzene) 0.02 Hexachlorobutadiene 0.4 Hexachlorocyclohexane isomers (technical grade) 0.02 n-Hexane 400 Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene 0.05 Iron 300 Isophorone 40 Isopropylbenzene 70 Isopropyl ether 70 Lead 15 Lindane (gamma hexachlorocyclohexane) 0.03 Manganese 50 Disclaimer: This table is intended to provide summary information only. It does not substitute for any written regulation, nor is it a regulation itself. 5 Substance 15A NCAC 02L .0202 Groundwater Standards (Effective April 1, 2013) Mercury 1 ug/L (unless otherwise indicated) Methanol 4 mg/L Methoxychlor 40 Methylene chloride dichloromethane) 5 Methyl ethyl ketone (2-butanone) 4 mg/L 2-Methylnaphthalene 30 3-Methylphenol (m-cresol) 400 4-Methylphenol (p-cresol) 40 Methyl tert-butyl ether MTBE) 20 Naphthalene 6 Nickel 100 Nitrate (as N) 10 mg/L Nitrite (as N) 1 mg/L N-nitrosodimethylamine 0.0007 Oxamyl 200 Pentachlorophenol 0.3 Petroleum aliphatic carbon fraction class C5-C8 400 Petroleum aliphatic carbon fraction class C9-C18 700 Petroleum aliphatic carbon fraction class C19-C36 10 mg/L Petroleum aromatics carbon fraction class C9-C22 200 pH 6.5 - 8.5 Phenanthrene 200 Phenol 30 Phorate 1 n-Propylbenzene 70 Pyrene 200 Disclaimer: This table is intended to provide summary information only. It does not substitute for any written regulation, nor is it a regulation itself. 6 Substance 15A NCAC 02L .0202 Groundwater Standards (Effective April 1, 2013) Selenium 20 ug/L (unless otherwise indicated) Silver 20 Simazine 4 Styrene 70 Sulfate 250 mg/L 1,1,2,2- Tetrachloroethane 0.2 Tetrachloroethylene (perchloroethylene; PCE) 0.7 2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol 200 Toluene 600 Toxaphene 0.03 2,4,5- TP (Silvex) 50 1,2,4- Trichlorobenzene 70 1,1,1- Trichloroethane 200 Trichloroethylene 3 Trichlorofluoromethane 2 mg/L 1,2,3- Trichloropropane 0.005 1,2,4- Trimethylbenzene 400 1,3,5- Trimethylbenzene 400 1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane (CFC-113) 200 mg/L Vinyl chloride 0.03 Xylenes (o-, m-, p-) 500 Zinc 1 mg/L NC Department of Environment and Natural Resources Waste Management - Constituent List Sections and Programs » Solid Waste Section » Environmental Monitoring » List Solid Waste Environmental Monitoring Reporting Limits and Standards All units are in (ug/L) unless noted. NE = Not Established CAS numbers that begin with "SW" are not real CAS numbers, instead this represents the Solid Waste Section's ID number. CAS Number Name Other Names 2L Std. GWP* Std. SWSL** SW ID App I 630-20-6 1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane Ethane, 1,1,1,2-tetrachloro- NE 1 5 190 I 71-55-6 1,1,1-Trichloroethane; Ethane, 1,1,1-trichloro- 200 -- 1 200 I 79-34-5 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane Ethane, 1,1,2,2-tetrachloro- 0.2 0.18 3 191 I 79-00-5 1,1,2-Trichloroethane Ethane, 1,1,2-trichloro- NE 0.6 1 202 I 76-13-1 1,1,2-Trichlorotrifluoroethane CFC-113 200000 NE NE 398 92-52-4 1,1-biphenyl 1,1-biphenyl 400 -- 10 421 75-34-3 1,1-Dichloroethane; Ethyldidene Ethane, 1,1-dichloro- 6 -- 5 75 I 75-35-4 1,1-Dichloroethylene; 1,1- Ethene, 1,1-dichloro- 7 -- 5 77 I 563-58-6 1,1-Dichloropropene 1-Propene, 1,1-dichloro- NE NE 5 85 96-18-4 1,2,3-Trichloropropane Propane, 1,2,3-trichloro- 0.005 -- 1 206 I 95-94-3 1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene Benzene, 1,2,4,5-tetrachloro- NE 2 10 189 120-82-1 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene Benzene, 1,2,4-trichloro- 70 70 10 199 95-63-6 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene Pseudocumene 400 NE NE 372 226-36-8 1,2,5,6-Dibenzacridine NE NE NE 385 96-12-8 1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane; DBCP Propane, 1,2-dibromo-3-chloro- 0.04 -- 13 67 I 106-93-4 1,2-Dibromoethane; Ethylene dibromide; Ethane, 1,2-dibromo- 0.02 -- 1 68 I 107-06-2 1,2-Dichloroethane; Ethylene Ethane, 1,2-dichloro- 0.4 -- 1 76 I 540-59-0 1,2-Dichloroethylene mixed isomers Mixed Isomers NE 60 NE 481 78-87-5 1,2-Dichloropropane Propane, 1,2-dichloro- 0.6 -- 1 82 I 122-66-7 1,2-Diphenylhydrazine NE NE NE 394 108-67-8 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene) Mesitylene 400 NE NE 373 142-28-9 1,3-Dichloropropane; Trimethylene Propane, 1,3-dichloro- NE NE 1 83 106-37-6 1,4-Dibromobenzene p-Dibromobenzene, p-Bromobenzene 70 471 123-91-1 1,4-dioxane 1,4-dioxane 3 -- 10 422 130-15-4 1,4-Naphthoquinone 1,4-Naphthalenedione NE NE 10 149 * GWP = Groundwater Protection ** SWSL = Solid Waste Last updated: 6/13/2011 8:19:15 AM Page 1 of 12NCDEQ - Constituent List 11/2/2015http://portal.ncdenr.org/web/wm/sw/envmonitoringlist CAS Number Name Other Names 2L Std. GWP* Std. SWSL** SW ID App I 87-61-6 1-2-3-Trichlorobenzene NE NE NE 371 90-12-0 1-Methylnaphthalene α-methylnaphthalene NE 1 NE 503 134-32-7 1-Naphthylamine 1-Naphthalenamine NE NE 10 150 120-36-5 2-(2-4-dichlorophenoxy)propionic NE NE NE 352 594-20-7 2,2-Dichloropropane; Isopropylidene Propane, 2,2-dichloro- NE NE 15 84 58-90-2 2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol Phenol, 2,3,4,6-tetrachloro- 200 -- 10 193 93-76-5 2,4,5-T; 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acetic acid, (2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)- NE NE 2 188 93-72-1 2,4,5-TP Acid Silvex 50 NE NE 452 95-95-4 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol Phenol, 2,4,5-trichloro- NE 63 10 204 88-06-2 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol Phenol, 2,4,6-trichloro- NE 4 10 205 94-75-7 2,4-D; 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acetic acid, (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)- 70 -- 2 59 120-83-2 2,4-Dichlorophenol Phenol, 2,4-dichloro- NE 0.98 10 80 105-67-9 2,4-Dimethylphenol; m-Xylenol Phenol, 2,4-dimethyl- 100 -- 10 95 51-28-5 2,4-Dinitrophenol Phenol, 2,4-dinitro- NE NE 50 99 121-14-2 2,4-Dinitrotoluene Benzene, 1-methyl-2,4-dinitro- NE 0.1 10 100 87-65-0 2,6-Dichlorophenol Phenol, 2,6-dichloro- NE NE 10 81 606-20-2 2,6-Dinitrotoluene Benzene, 2-methyl-1,3-dinitro- NE NE 10 101 94-82-6 2-4 DB NE NE NE 350 53-96-3 2-Acetylaminofluorene; 2-AAF Acetamide, N-9H-fluoren-2-yl- NE NE 20 6 110-75-8 2-Chloroethylvinyl ether NE NE NE 358 91-58-7 2-Chloronaphthalene Naphthalene, 2-chloro- NE NE 10 47 95-57-8 2-Chlorophenol Phenol, 2-chloro- 0.4 -- 10 48 591-78-6 2-Hexanone; Methyl butyl ketone 2-Hexanone NE 40 50 124 I 91-57-6 2-Methylnaphthalene Naphthalene, 2-methyl- 30 -- 10 145 91-59-8 2-Naphthylamine 2-Naphthalenamine NE NE 10 151 109-06-8 2-Picoline NE NE NE 390 91-94-1 3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine [1,1'-Biphenyl]-4,4'-diamine,3,3'- NE NE 20 72 119-93-7 3,3'-Dimethylbenzidine [1,1'-Biphenyl]-4,4'-diamine,3,3'- NE NE 10 94 56-49-5 3-Methylcholanthrene Benz[j]aceanthrylene,1,2-dihydro-3- NE NE 10 138 72-54-8 4,4'-DDD Benzene 1,1'-(2,2- 0.1 -- 0.1 60 72-55-9 4,4'-DDE Benzene, 1,1'- NE NE 0.1 61 50-29-3 4,4'-DDT Benzene, 1,1'-(2,2,2- 0.1 -- 0.1 62 534-52-1 4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol; 4,6-Dinitro-2- Phenol, 2-methyl-4,6-dinitro- NE NE 50 98 92-67-1 4-Aminobiphenyl [1,1'-Biphenyl]-4-amine NE NE 20 11 460-00-4 4-Bromofluorobenzene NE NE NE 463 101-55-3 4-Bromophenyl phenyl ether Benzene, 1-bromo-4-phenoxy- NE NE 10 31 * GWP = Groundwater Protection ** SWSL = Solid Waste Last updated: 6/13/2011 8:19:15 AM Page 2 of 12NCDEQ - Constituent List 11/2/2015http://portal.ncdenr.org/web/wm/sw/envmonitoringlist CAS Number Name Other Names 2L Std. GWP* Std. SWSL** SW ID App I 7005-72-3 4-Chlorophenyl phenyl ether Benzene, 1-chloro-4-phenoxy- NE NE 10 49 108-10-1 4-Methyl-2-pentanone; Methyl isobutyl 2-Pentanone, 4-methyl- NE 560 100 147 I 56-57-5 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide NE NE NE 388 99-55-8 5-Nitro-o-toluidine Benzenamine, 2-methyl-5-nitro- NE NE 10 157 57-97-6 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene Benz[a]anthracene, 7,12-dimethyl- NE NE 10 93 83-32-9 Acenaphthene Acenaphthylene, 1,2-dihydro- 80 -- 10 1 208-96-8 Acenaphthylene Acenaphthylene 200 -- 10 2 SW416 Acetic Acid Acetic Acid NE NE NE 416 34256-82-1 Acetochlor 100 490 187022-11-3 Acetochlor ESA 1000 491 184992-44-4 Acetochlor OXA 1000 492 67-64-1 Acetone 2-Propanone 6000 -- 100 3 I 75-05-8 Acetonitrile; Methyl cyanide Acetonitrile NE 42 55 4 98-86-2 Acetophenone Ethanone, 1-phenyl- NE 700 10 5 50594-66-6 Acifluorofen Acifluorofen 453 107-02-8 Acrolein 2-Propenal NE 4 53 7 79-06-1 Acrylamide Acrylamide 0.008 -- NE 429 107-13-1 Acrylonitrile 2-Propenenitrile NE NE 200 8 I 15972-60-8 Alachlor 0.4 469 309-00-2 Aldrin 1,4:5,8- NE 0.002 0.05 9 SW337 Alkalinity NE NE NE 337 107-05-1 Allyl chloride 1-Propene, 3-chloro- NE NE 10 10 319-84-6 alpha-BHC Cyclohexane,1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachloro- NE 0.006 0.05 24 319-84-6 alpha-Hexachlorocyclohexane α-Benzenehexachloride NE 0.006 NE 501 -- Aluminum Aluminum NE 3500 NE 454 7429-90-5 Aluminum NE 3500 NE 438 7664-41-7 Ammonia Ammonia NE 1500 NE 435 62-53-3 Aniline NE NE NE 381 120-12-7 Anthracene Anthracene 2000 -- 10 12 7440-36-0 Antimony Antimony NE 1 6 13 I 140-57-8 Aramite NE NE NE 382 12674-11-2 Aroclor 1016 congener of PCB; see (1336-36-3) NE NE NE 401 11104-28-2 Aroclor 1221 congener of PCB; see (1336-36-3) NE NE NE 402 11141-16-5 Aroclor 1232 congener of PCB; see (1336-36-3) NE NE NE 403 53469-21-9 Aroclor 1242 congener of PCB; see (1336-36-3) NE NE NE 404 12672-29-6 Aroclor 1248 congener of PCB; see (1336-36-3) NE NE NE 405 * GWP = Groundwater Protection ** SWSL = Solid Waste Last updated: 6/13/2011 8:19:15 AM Page 3 of 12NCDEQ - Constituent List 11/2/2015http://portal.ncdenr.org/web/wm/sw/envmonitoringlist CAS Number Name Other Names 2L Std. GWP* Std. SWSL** SW ID App I 11097-69-1 Aroclor 1254 congener of PCB; see (1336-36-3) NE NE NE 406 11096-82-5 Aroclor 1260 congener of PCB; see (1336-36-3) NE NE NE 407 7440-38-2 Arsenic Arsenic 10 -- 10 14 I 7440-39-3 Barium Barium 700 -- 100 15 I 25057-89-0 Bentazon NE NE NE 462 100-52-7 Benzaldehyde Phenylmethanal, NE 700 NE 496 71-43-2 Benzene Benzene 1 -- 1 16 I 122-09-8 Benzeneethanamine, alpha,alpha- NE NE NE 386 92-87-5 Benzidine NE NE NE 383 56-55-3 Benzo[a]anthracene; Benz[a]anthracene 0.05 -- 10 17 50-32-8 Benzo[a]pyrene Benzo[a]pyrene 0.005 -- 10 21 205-99-2 Benzo[b]fluoranthene Benz[e]acephenanthrylene 0.05 -- 10 18 191-24-2 Benzo[ghi]perylene Benzo[ghi]perylene 200 -- 10 20 207-08-9 Benzo[k]fluoranthene Benzo[k]fluoranthene 0.5 -- 10 19 65-85-0 Benzoic Acid 30000 28000 NE 395 100-51-6 Benzyl alcohol Benzenemethanol NE 700 20 22 7440-41-7 Beryllium Beryllium NE 4 1 23 I 319-85-7 beta-BHC Cyclohexane,1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachloro- NE 0.019 0.05 25 319-85-7 beta-Hexachlorocyclohexane β-Benzenehexachloride NE 0.02 NE 502 SW347 Bicarbonate (as CaCO3) NE NE NE 347 SW316 Biological Oxygen Demand BOD NE NE NE 316 101-84-8 biphenyl ether biphenyl ether NE NE 10 423 108-60-1 Bis(2-chloro-1-methylethyl) ether; 2,2'- Propane, 2,2'-oxybis[1-chloro- NE NE 10 46 111-91-1 Bis(2-chloroethoxy)methane Ethane, 1,1'-[methylenebis(oxy)]bis [2- NE NE 10 42 111-44-4 Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether; Dichloroethyl Ethane, 1,1'-oxybis[2-chloro- NE 0.031 10 43 39638-32-9 Bis(2-chloroisopropyl) ether 0.03 NE NE 384 117-81-7 Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis(2- 3 NE 15 111 7440-42-8 Boron Boron 700 -- NE 428 108-86-1 Bromobenzene NE NE NE 360 74-97-5 Bromochloromethane; Methane, bromochloro- NE 0.6 3 28 I 75-27-4 Bromodichloromethane; Methane, bromodichloro- 0.6 -- 1 29 I 75-25-2 Bromoform; Tribromomethane Methane, tribromo- 4 -- 3 30 I 71-36-3 Butanol n n-Butyl Alcohol NE 700 470 78-92-2 Butanol sec sec-Butyl Alcohol NE 10000 483 85-68-7 Butyl benzyl phthalate; Benzyl butyl 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylicacid, butyl 1000 -- 10 32 SW418 Butyric Acid Butyric Acid NE NE NE 418 * GWP = Groundwater Protection ** SWSL = Solid Waste Last updated: 6/13/2011 8:19:15 AM Page 4 of 12NCDEQ - Constituent List 11/2/2015http://portal.ncdenr.org/web/wm/sw/envmonitoringlist CAS Number Name Other Names 2L Std. GWP* Std. SWSL** SW ID App I 7440-43-9 Cadmium Cadmium 2 -- 1 34 I 7440-70-2 Calcium NE NE NE 375 471-34-1 Calcium carbonate NE NE NE 464 105-60-2 Caprolactam 4000 NE NE 440 86-74-8 Carbazole dibenzopyrrole, diphenylenimine, NE 2 NE 497 1563-66-2 Carbofuran Carbofuran 40 NE NE 430 124-38-9 Carbon Dioxide NE NE NE 459 SW413 Carbon Dioxide (CO2) CO2 Gas NE NE NE 413 75-15-0 Carbon disulfide Carbon disulfide 700 -- 100 35 I 56-23-5 Carbon tetrachloride Methane, tetrachloro- 0.3 -- 1 36 I SW348 Carbonate (as CaCO3) NE NE NE 348 7440-44-0 Charcoal NE NE NE 466 SW317 Chemical Oxygen Demand COD NE NE NE 317 57-74-9 Chlordane 4,7-Methano-1H-indene,1,2,4,5,6,7,8,8- 0.1 -- 0.5 339 12789-03-6 Chlordane (constituents) NE NE NE 400 5103-71-9 Chlordane, alpha cis-Chlordane NE NE NE 379 5103-74-2 Chlordane, beta trans-Chlordane NE NE NE 378 5566-34-7 Chlordane, gamma NE NE NE 399 16887-00-6 Chloride Chloride 455 SW301 Chloride 250000 -- NE 301 108-90-7 Chlorobenzene Benzene, chloro- 50 -- 3 39 I 510-15-6 Chlorobenzilate Benzeneacetic acid, 4-chloro-(4- NE NE 10 40 75-00-3 Chloroethane; Ethyl chloride Ethane, chloro- 3000 -- 10 41 I 67-66-3 Chloroform; Trichloromethane Methane, trichloro- 70 -- 5 44 I 126-99-8 Chloroprene 1,3-Butadiene, 2-chloro- NE NE 20 50 7440-47-3 Chromium Chromium 10 -- 10 51 I 218-01-9 Chrysene Chrysene 5 -- 10 52 156-59-2 cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene; cis-1,2- Ethene, 1,2-dichloro-,(Z)- 70 -- 5 78 I 10061-01-5 cis-1,3-Dichloropropene 1-Propene, 1,3-dichloro-, (Z)- 0.4 -- 1 86 I 7440-48-4 Cobalt Cobalt NE 1 10 53 I SW309 Coliform (total)1NE NE309 SW310 Color (color units) 15 NE NE 310 7440-50-8 Copper Copper 1000 -- 10 54 I 57-12-5 Cyanide Cyanide 70 -- 10 58 75-99-0 Dalapon NE 200 NE 355 3424-82-6 DDE o,p-DDE 0.1 472 * GWP = Groundwater Protection ** SWSL = Solid Waste Last updated: 6/13/2011 8:19:15 AM Page 5 of 12NCDEQ - Constituent List 11/2/2015http://portal.ncdenr.org/web/wm/sw/envmonitoringlist CAS Number Name Other Names 2L Std. GWP* Std. SWSL** SW ID App I 319-86-8 delta-BHC Cyclohexane,1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachloro- NE 0.019 0.05 26 SW318 Depth To Water (ft) DTW NE NE NE 318 117-81-7 Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, DEHP 2.5 -- NE 431 2303-16-4 Diallate Carbamothioic acid,bis(1-methylethyl)-, NE NE 10 63 53-70-3 Dibenz[a,h]anthracene Dibenz[a,h]anthracene 0.005 -- 10 64 132-64-9 Dibenzofuran Dibenzofuran NE 28 10 65 124-48-1 Dibromochloromethane; Methane, dibromochloro- 0.4 0.41 3 66 I 1918-00-9 Dicamba NE NE NE 353 79-43-6 Dichloroacetic Acid NE 0.7 NE 480 75-71-8 Dichlorodifluoromethane; CFC 12 Methane,dichlorodifluoro- 1000 -- 5 74 60-57-1 Dieldrin 2,7:3,6-Dimethanonaphth[2,3- 0.002 -- 0.075 88 84-66-2 Diethyl phthalate 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylicacid, diethyl 6000 -- 10 90 60-51-5 Dimethoate Phosphorodithioic acid,O,O-dimethyl S- NE NE 20 91 131-11-3 Dimethyl phthalate 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylicacid, dimethyl NE NE 10 96 84-74-2 Di-n-butyl phthalate 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, dibutyl 700 -- 10 33 117-84-0 Di-n-octyl phthalate 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylicacid, dioctyl 100 -- 10 168 88-85-7 Dinoseb; DNBP; 2-sec-Butyl-4,6- Phenol, 2-(1-methylpropyl)-4,6-dinitro- NE 7 1 102 1746-01-6 Dioxin 2,3,7,8-TCDD 0.2 NE NE 441 101-84-8 Diphenyl ether Diphenyl oxide; 1,1'-Oxybisbenzene; NE 100 NE 498 122-39-4 Diphenylamine Benzenamine, N-phenyl- NE NE 10 103 85-00-7 Diquat 20 473 74-82-8 Dissolved Methane Dissolved Methane 456 7782-44-7 Dissolved Oxygen NE NE NE 356 298-04-4 Disulfoton Phosphorodithioic acid,O,O-diethyl S-[2- 0.3 -- 10 104 3648-20-2 Diundecyl phthalate Santicizer 711 100 NE NE 442 959-98-8 Endosulfan I 6,9-Methano-2,4,3-benzodiox- 40 NE 0.1 105 33213-65-9 Endosulfan II 6,9-Methano-2,4,3- -- 42 0.1 106 1031-07-8 Endosulfan sulfate 6,9-Methano-2,4,3- NE 40 0.1 107 145-73-3 Endothall 100 474 72-20-8 Endrin 2,7:3,6-Dimethanonaphth[2,3-b]oxirene, 2 -- 0.1 108 7421-93-4 Endrin aldehyde 1,2,4-Methenocyclo-penta[cd]pentalene- 2 -- 0.1 109 106-89-8 Epichlorohydrin 4NE NE443 74-84-0 Ethane- Dissolved NE NE NE 331 64-17-5 Ethanol Ethyl alcohol, Ethyl hydrate, NE 4000 NE 499 74-85-1 Ethene- Dissolved NE NE NE 332 141-78-6 Ethyl acetate 3000 NE NE 444 * GWP = Groundwater Protection ** SWSL = Solid Waste Last updated: 6/13/2011 8:19:15 AM Page 6 of 12NCDEQ - Constituent List 11/2/2015http://portal.ncdenr.org/web/wm/sw/envmonitoringlist CAS Number Name Other Names 2L Std. GWP* Std. SWSL** SW ID App I 97-63-2 Ethyl methacrylate 2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, ethyl NE NE 10 112 62-50-0 Ethyl methanesulfonate Methanesulfonic acid,ethyl ester NE NE 20 113 637-92-3 Ethyl tert-butyl ether ETBE, Ethyl tertiary butyl ether NE 47 NE 500 100-41-4 Ethylbenzene Benzene, ethyl- 600 -- 1 110 I 107-21-1 ethylene glycol ethylene glycol 10000 -- 10,000 424 52-85-7 Famphur Phosphorothioic acid, O-[4- NE NE 20 114 SW334 Ferrous Iron- Dissolved NE NE NE 334 206-44-0 Fluoranthene Fluoranthene 300 -- 10 115 86-73-7 Fluorene 9H-Fluorene 300 -- 10 116 16984-48-8 Fluoride 2000 -- 2000 312 SW313 Foaming Agents 500 -- NE 313 50-00-0 Formaldehyde 600 NE NE 445 59-89-9 gamma-BHC (Lindane) gamma-BHC (Lindane) 457 58-89-9 gamma-BHC; Lindane Cyclohexane,1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachloro- 0.03 -- 0.05 27 SW314 Gross Alpha 15 NE NE 314 SW427 Groundwater Elevation (feet) GW Elevation (feet) NE NE NE 427 SW319 Head (ft mean sea level) NE NE NE 319 76-44-8 Heptachlor 4,7-Methano-1H-indene,1,4,5,6,7,8,8- 0.008 -- 0.05 117 1024-57-3 Heptachlor epoxide 2,5-Methano-2H-indeno[1,2- 0.004 -- 0.075 118 142-82-5 Heptane Heptane 400 -- NE 432 118-74-1 Hexachlorobenzene Benzene, hexachloro- 0.02 -- 10 119 87-68-3 Hexachlorobutadiene 1,3-Butadiene,1,1,2,3,4,4-hexachloro- 0.4 0.44 10 120 608-73-1 Hexachlorocyclohexane isomers 0.02 NE NE 446 77-47-4 Hexachlorocyclopentadiene 1,3-Cyclopentadiene,1,2,3,4,5,5- NE 50 10 121 67-72-1 Hexachloroethane Ethane, hexachloro- NE 2.5 10 122 70-30-4 Hexachlorophene NE NE NE 387 1888-71-7 Hexachloropropene 1-Propene, 1,1,2,3,3,3-hexachloro- NE NE 10 123 142-62-1 Hexanoic Acid NE NE NE 485 133-74-0 Hydrogen Gas Dissolved Hydrogen Gas NE NE NE 420 SW338 Hydrogen Sulfide NE NE NE 338 646-07-1 i-Hexonic Acid NE NE NE 486 193-39-5 Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene Indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene 0.05 -- 10 125 503-74-2 i-Pentanoic Acid NE NE NE 488 7439-89-6 Iron 300 -- 300 340 78-83-1 Isobutyl alcohol 1-Propanol, 2-methyl- NE NE 100 126 465-73-6 Isodrin 1,4,5,8-Dimethanonaphthalene,1,2,3,4,1 NE NE 20 127 * GWP = Groundwater Protection ** SWSL = Solid Waste Last updated: 6/13/2011 8:19:15 AM Page 7 of 12NCDEQ - Constituent List 11/2/2015http://portal.ncdenr.org/web/wm/sw/envmonitoringlist CAS Number Name Other Names 2L Std. GWP* Std. SWSL** SW ID App I 78-59-1 Isophorone 2-Cyclohexen-1-one,3,5,5-trimethyl- 40 -- 10 128 108-20-3 Isopropyl ether 70 -- NE 366 98-82-8 Isopropylbenzene 70 -- NE 367 120-58-1 Isosafrole 1,3-Benzodioxole, 5-(1-propenyl)- NE NE 10 129 143-50-0 Kepone 1,3,4-Metheno-2H-cyclobuta- NE NE 20 130 SW415 Lactic Acid Lactic Acid NE NE NE 415 SW329 Landfill Gas LFG NE NE NE 329 7439-92-1 Lead Lead 15 -- 10 131 I SW374 m-&p-Cresol (combined) NE NE NE 374 SW359 m-&p-Xylene (combined) NE NE NE 359 7439-95-4 Magnesium NE NE NE 376 7439-96-5 Manganese 50 -- 50 342 SW335 Manganese- Dissolved 50 -- 50 335 94-74-6 MCPA NE NE NE 351 108-39-4 m-Cresol; 3-Methylphenol Phenol, 3-methyl- 400 -- 10 345 541-73-1 m-Dichlorobenzene; 1,3- Benzene, 1,3-dichloro- 200 -- 5 70 99-65-0 m-Dinitrobenzene Benzene, 1,3-dinitro- NE NE 20 97 93-65-2 Mecopop, MCPP NE NE NE 354 7439-97-6 Mercury Mercury 1 -- 0.2 132 126-98-7 Methacrylonitrile 2-Propenenitrile, 2-methyl- NE NE 100 133 SW333 Methane- Dissolved NE NE NE 333 67-56-1 Methanol 4000 NE NE 448 91-80-5 Methapyrilene 1,2,Ethanediamine, N,N-dimethyl-N'-2- NE NE 100 134 72-43-5 Methoxychlor Benzene, 1,1'- 40 -- 1 135 72-43-5 Methoxychlor 40 NE NE 449 74-83-9 Methyl bromide; Bromomethane Methane, bromo- NE 10 10 136 I 74-87-3 Methyl chloride; Chloromethane Methane, chloro- 3 -- 1 137 I 78-93-3 Methyl ethyl ketone; MEK; 2- 2-Butanone 4000 -- 100 141 I 74-88-4 Methyl iodide; Iodomethane Methane, iodo- NE NE 10 142 I 108-10-1 Methyl Isobutyl Ketone 100 493 80-62-6 Methyl methacrylate 2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, methyl NE 25 30 143 66-27-3 Methyl methanesulfonate Methanesulfonic acid,methyl ester NE NE 10 144 298-00-0 Methyl parathion; Parathion methyl Phosphorothioic acid,O,O-dimethyl NE NE 10 146 2037-26-5 Methylbenzene NE NE NE 461 74-95-3 Methylene bromide; Methane, dibromo- NE 70 10 139 I 75-09-2 Methylene chloride; Methane, dichloro- 5 -- 1 140 I * GWP = Groundwater Protection ** SWSL = Solid Waste Last updated: 6/13/2011 8:19:15 AM Page 8 of 12NCDEQ - Constituent List 11/2/2015http://portal.ncdenr.org/web/wm/sw/envmonitoringlist CAS Number Name Other Names 2L Std. GWP* Std. SWSL** SW ID App I 1634-04-4 Methyl-tert-butyl ether (MTBE) 20 -- NE 369 99-09-2 m-Nitroaniline; 3-Nitroaniline Benzenamine, 3-nitro- NE NE 50 153 7439-98-7 Molybdenum NE NE NE 397 108-38-3 m-Xylene NE NE NE 409 91-20-3 Naphthalene Naphthalene 6 -- 10 148 104-51-8 n-Butylbenzene 70 -- NE 361 110-54-3 n-Hexane 400 NE NE 447 7440-02-0 Nickel Nickel 100 -- 50 152 I 14797-55-8 Nitrate (as N)10000 -- 10000 303 14797-65-0 Nitrite (as N)1000 -- 1000 304 98-95-3 Nitrobenzene Benzene, nitro- NE NE 10 156 7727-37-9 Nitrogen NE NE NE 467 55-18-5 N-Nitrosodiethylamine Ethanamine, N-ethyl-N-nitroso- NE NE 20 160 62-75-9 N-Nitrosodimethylamine Methanamine, N-methyl-N-nitroso- 0.0007 -- 10 161 924-16-3 N-Nitrosodi-n-butylamine 1-Butanamine, N-butyl-N-nitroso- NE NE 10 162 86-30-6 N-Nitrosodiphenylamine Benzenamine, N-nitroso-N-phenyl- NE NE 10 163 SW426 N- N- NE NE 10 426 SW439 N-NE NE NE 439 621-64-7 N-Nitrosodipropylamine; N-Nitroso-N- 1-Propanamine, N-nitroso-N-propyl- NE NE 10 164 10595-95-6 N-Nitrosomethylethalamine Ethanamine, N-methyl-N-nitroso- NE NE 10 165 59-89-2 N-Nitrosomorpholine NE NE NE 389 100-75-4 N-Nitrosopiperidine Piperidine, 1-nitroso- NE NE 20 166 930-55-2 N-Nitrosopyrrolidine Pyrrolidine, 1-nitroso- NE NE 10 167 SW419 No2/No3 (nitrate & nitrite reported NOX NE NE NE 419 103-65-1 n-Propylbenzene 70 NE NE 370 126-68-1 O,O,O-Triethyl phosphorothioate Phosphorothioic acid,O,O,O-triethyl NE NE 10 207 297-97-2 O,O-Diethyl O-2-pyrazinyl Phosphorothioic acid,O,O-diethyl O- NE NE 20 89 136777-61-2 o,p-Xylene NE NE NE 460 95-49-8 o-Chlorotoluene 2-chlorotoluene 100 NE NE 364 95-48-7 o-Cresol; 2-Methylphenol Phenol, 2-methyl- NE 400 10 56 95-50-1 o-Dichlorobenzene; 1,2- Benzene, 1,2-dichloro- 20 -- 5 69 I 88-74-4 o-Nitroaniline; 2-Nitroaniline Benzenamine, 2-nitro- NE NE 50 154 88-75-5 o-Nitrophenol; 2-Nitrophenol Phenol, 2-nitro- NE NE 10 158 SW437 Orthophosphate Phosphorus NE NE NE 437 95-53-4 o-Toluidine Benzenamine, 2-methyl- NE NE 10 197 23135-22-0 Oxamyl 200 NE NE 450 * GWP = Groundwater Protection ** SWSL = Solid Waste Last updated: 6/13/2011 8:19:15 AM Page 9 of 12NCDEQ - Constituent List 11/2/2015http://portal.ncdenr.org/web/wm/sw/envmonitoringlist CAS Number Name Other Names 2L Std. GWP* Std. SWSL** SW ID App I SW336 Oxygen Reduction Potential (mV) ORP NE NE NE 336 96-47-6 o-Xylene NE NE NE 408 60-11-7 p-(Dimethylamino)azobenzene Benzenamine, N,N-dimethyl-4- NE NE 10 92 56-38-2 Parathion Phosphorothioic acid,O,O-diethyl-O-(4- NE NE 10 169 106-47-8 p-Chloroaniline Benzenamine, 4-chloro- NE NE 20 38 59-50-7 p-Chloro-m-cresol; 4-Chloro-3- Phenol, 4-chloro-3-methyl- NE NE 20 45 106-43-4 p-Chlorotoluene NE 24 NE 365 106-44-5 p-Cresol; 4-Methylphenol Phenol, 4-methyl- 40 NE-- 10 344 99-87-6 p-Cymene NE 25 NE 368 106-46-7 p-Dichlorobenzene; 1,4- Benzene, 1,4-dichloro- 6 -- 1 71 I 608-93-5 Pentachlorobenzene Benzene, pentachloro- NE NE 10 171 76-01-7 Pentachloroethane NE NE NE 380 82-68-8 Pentachloronitrobenzene Benzene,pentachloronitro- NE NE 20 172 87-86-5 Pentachlorophenol Phenol, pentachloro- 0.3 -- 25 173 109-52-4 Pentanoic Acid NE NE NE 487 7790-98-9 Perchlorate and Perchlorate Salts 2 494 335-67-1 Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA, C8 2 484 SW307 petroleum aliphatic carbon fraction class 10000 -- NE 307 SW305 petroleum aliphatic carbon fraction class 400 -- NE 305 SW306 petroleum aliphatic carbon fraction class 700 -- NE 306 SW308 petroleum aromatics carbon fraction 200 -- NE 308 SW320 pH (field)NE NE NE 320 SW321 pH (lab)NE NE NE 321 62-44-2 Phenacetin Acetamide, N-(4-ethoxyphenyl) NE NE 20 174 85-01-8 Phenanthrene Phenanthrene 200 -- 10 175 108-95-2 Phenol Phenol 30 -- 10 177 298-02-2 Phorate Phosphorodithioic acid,O,O-diethyl S- 1 -- 10 178 96-91-3 Picramic Acid 2-amino-4,6-dinitiphenol NE 0.7 NE 482 100-01-6 p-Nitroaniline; 4-Nitroaniline Benzenamine, 4-nitro- NE NE 20 155 100-02-7 p-Nitrophenol; 4-Nitrophenol Phenol, 4-nitro- NE NE 50 159 1336-36-3 Polychlorinated biphenyls; PCBs 1,1'-Biphenyl,chloro derivatives Method NE 0.09 2 434 7440-09-7 Potassium NE NE NE 377 106-50-3 p-Phenylenediamine 1,4-Benzenediamine NE NE 10 176 23950-58-5 Pronamide Benzamide, 3,5-dichloro-N-(1,1- NE NE 10 179 SW417 Propionic Acid Propionic Acid NE NE NE 417 107-12-0 Propionitrile; Ethyl cyanide Propanenitrile NE NE 150 180 * GWP = Groundwater Protection ** SWSL = Solid Waste Last updated: 6/13/2011 8:19:15 AM Page 10 of 12NCDEQ - Constituent List 11/2/2015http://portal.ncdenr.org/web/wm/sw/envmonitoringlist CAS Number Name Other Names 2L Std. GWP* Std. SWSL** SW ID App I 57-55-6 Propylene Glycol NE 140,000 NE 507 106-42-3 p-Xylene NE NE NE 410 129-00-0 Pyrene Pyrene 200 -- 10 181 110-86-1 Pyridine NE 7 NE 391 SW414 Pyruvic Acid Pyruvic Acid NE NE NE 414 94-59-7 Safrole 1,3-Benzodioxole, 5-(2-propenyl)- NE NE 10 182 135-98-8 sec-Butylbenzene 70 -- NE 362 7782-49-2 Selenium Selenium 20 -- 10 183 I 7440-22-4 Silver Silver 20 -- 10 184 I 93-72-1 Silvex; 2,4,5-TP Propanoic acid, 2-(2,4,5- 50 -- 2 185 122-34-9 Simazine 4NE NE451 7440-23-5 Sodium NE 20000 NE 322 SW323 SpecCond (field)NE NE NE 323 SW324 SpecCond (lab)NE NE NE 324 7440-24-6 Strontium NE NE NE 465 100-42-5 Styrene Benzene, ethenyl- 70 -- 1 186 I 14808-79-8 Sulfate 250000 -- 250000 315 18496-25-8 Sulfide Sulfide NE NE 1000 187 3689-24-5 Sulfotep NE NE NE 392 99-35-4 sym-Trinitrobenzene Benzene, 1,3,5-trinitro- NE NE 10 208 SW325 Temp (oC)NE NE NE 325 994-05-8 tert-Amyl methyl ether TAME, 2-methoxy-2-methylbutane NE 128 NE 504 98-06-6 tert-Butylbenzene 70 -- NE 363 75-65-0 Tertiary Butyl Alcohol tert-butanol NE 10 NE 505 127-18-4 Tetrachloroethylene; Tetrachloroethene; Ethene, tetrachloro- 0.7 -- 1 192 I 109-99-9 Tetrahydrofuran NE NE NE 458 7440-28-0 Thallium Thallium NE 0.28 5.5 194 I 7440-31-5 Tin Tin NE 2000 100 195 108-88-3 Toluene Benzene, methyl- 600 -- 1 196 I SW328 Top Of Casing (ft mean sea level) TOC NE NE NE 328 SW425 Total BHC NE 0.019 NE 425 SW311 Total Dissolved Solids TDS 500000 -- NE 311 SW436 Total Fatty Acids Total Fatty Acids NE NE NE 436 E-10195 Total Organic Carbon NE NE NE 357 SW396 Total Organic Halides NE NE NE 396 7723-14-0 Total Phosphorus Total Phosphorus NE NE NE 412 * GWP = Groundwater Protection ** SWSL = Solid Waste Last updated: 6/13/2011 8:19:15 AM Page 11 of 12NCDEQ - Constituent List 11/2/2015http://portal.ncdenr.org/web/wm/sw/envmonitoringlist CAS Number Name Other Names 2L Std. GWP* Std. SWSL** SW ID App I SW343 Total Suspended Solids NE NE NE 343 SW411 Total Well Depth (ft) TD NE NE NE 411 8001-35-2 Toxaphene Toxaphene 0.03 -- 1.5 198 156-60-5 trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene; trans-1,2- Ethene, 1,2-dichloro-,(E)- 100 -- 5 79 I 10061-02-6 trans-1,3-Dichloropropene 1-Propene, 1,3-dichloro-, (E)- 0.4 -- 1 87 I 110-57-6 trans-1,4-Dichloro-2-butene 2-Butene, 1,4-dichloro-, (E)- NE NE 100 73 I 79-01-6 Trichloroethylene; Trichloroethene Ethene, trichloro- 3 -- 1 201 I 75-69-4 Trichlorofluoromethane; CFC-11 Methane,trichlorofluoro- 2000 -- 1 203 I SW330 Turbidity NE NE NE 330 7440-62-2 Vanadium Vanadium NE 0.3 25 209 I 108-05-4 Vinyl acetate Acetic acid, ethenylester NE 88 50 210 I 75-01-4 Vinyl chloride; Chloroethene Ethene, chloro- 0.03 -- 1 211 I 1330-20-7 Xylene (total) (o-,m-,and p-, Benzene, dimethyl 500 -- 5 346 I 7440-66-6 Zinc Zinc 1000 -- 10 213 I * GWP = Groundwater Protection ** SWSL = Solid Waste Last updated: 6/13/2011 8:19:15 AM North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality 217 West Jones Street, Raleigh, NC 27603 Toll Free:(877) 623-6748 Page 12 of 12NCDEQ - Constituent List 11/2/2015http://portal.ncdenr.org/web/wm/sw/envmonitoringlist APPENDIX -4 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING GUIDELINES AND MEMORANDA North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources Division of Waste Management Pat McCrory John E. Skvarla, III Governor Secretary 1646 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1646 2090 US Highway 70, Swannanoa, North Carolina 28778-82111 Phone: 919-707-8200 Phone: 828-296-4500 http://portal.ncdenr.org/web/wm/ An Equal Opportunity / Affirmative Action Employer 1 November 5, 2014 MEMORANDUM To: Solid Waste Directors, Public Works Directors, Landfill Operators, and Landfill Owners From: Solid Waste Section Re: Groundwater, Surface Water, Soil, Sediment, and Landfill Gas Electronic Document Submittal The Solid Waste Section is continuing its efforts to improve efficiencies in document management. All groundwater, surface water, soil, sediment, and landfill gas documents submitted to the Solid Waste Section are stored electronically and are made readily available for the public to view on our webpage. Please remember that hard copies/paper copies are not required, and should not be submitted. The submittal of these electronic documents following a consistent electronic document protocol will also assist us in our review. Please follow these procedures when submitting all groundwater, surface water, soil, sediment, and landfill gas documents to the Solid Waste Section. Submittal Method and Formatting  All files must be in portable document format (pdf) except for Electronic Data Deliverables (EDDs) unless otherwise specified by the Solid Waste Section. All pdf files should meet these requirements: o Optical Characteristic Recognition (OCR) applied; o Minimum of 300 dpi; o Free of password protections and/or encryptions (applies to EDDs as well); o Optimized to reduce file size; and o Please begin using the following naming convention when submitting all electronic files: Permit Number (00-00)_Date of Document (YYYYMMDD). For example: 00-00_20140101.  Please submit all files via email or by file transfer protocol (FTP) via email to the appropriate Hydrogeologist unless otherwise specified by the Solid Waste Section. If the electronic file is greater than 20 MB, please submit the file via FTP or on a CD. If submitting a CD, please mail the CD to the appropriate Hydrogeologist. The CD should be labeled with the facility name, permit number, county, name of document, date of monitoring event (if applicable), and the date of document.  Please be sure a signed Environmental Monitoring Data Form is submitted as part of the electronic file for all water quality and landfill gas documents (monitoring, alternate source demonstration, assessment, investigation, corrective action). This completed form should be the first page of the document before the cover/title page and should not be submitted as an individual file. Blank forms can be downloaded at http://www.wastenotnc.org/swhome/EnvMonitoring/NCEnvMonRptForm.pdf Monitoring Data Monitoring data documents may include any or all of the following: 1) groundwater and surface water monitoring; 2) soil and sediment, and 3) landfill gas monitoring. In addition to the above procedures, at a minimum, please include the following: Groundwater and Surface Water Monitoring  A copy of the laboratory report(s).  A copy of the sampling log(s).  A separate table of detections and exceedances for each monitoring location. 1646 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1646 2090 US Highway 70, Swannanoa, North Carolina 28778-82111 Phone: 919-707-8200 Phone: 828-296-4500 http://portal.ncdenr.org/web/wm/ An Equal Opportunity / Affirmative Action Employer 2 o All analytical results should be reported in micrograms per liter (ug/L) except for field parameters and specific Monitored Natural Attenuation (MNA) parameters. o Please also include the laboratory’s method detection limit (MDL) in ug/L, the Solid Waste Section Limit (SWSL) in ug/L, the appropriate NC regulatory standard in ug/L (2L, 2B, GWPS, IMAC), and the Federal Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) in ug/L. o Please BOLD each exceedance result.  A separate table of field parameters for each monitoring location.  An Electronic Data Deliverable (EDD) spreadsheet for each monitoring event submitted in the correct format. All analytical results should be reported in micrograms per liter (ug/L) except for field parameters and specific Monitored Natural Attenuation (MNA) parameters. The blank EDD template can be downloaded at http://www.wastenotnc.org/swhome/enviro_monitoring.asp. Please pay attention to the formats within the spreadsheet. Any EDD received that is not formatted correctly will be emailed back to be resubmitted via email within five (5) days.  A separate groundwater monitoring well construction table. o Please also include the date the well was drilled, well diameter, total well depth, depth to top of screened interval (in feet), screened interval (in feet), geology of screened interval, TOC elevation, ground elevation, groundwater elevation, GPS coordinates (latitude and longitude), and depth to water (in feet).  A separate groundwater table with groundwater flow rate(s).  A recent facility figure that includes labeled groundwater and surface water monitoring locations.  A groundwater flow map with an arrow(s) indicating flow direction(s), including date the measurements were taken. Soil and Sediment Sampling  A copy of the laboratory report(s).  A copy of the sampling log(s).  A separate table of detections and exceedances for each sampling location. o Please also include the results in micrograms per liter (ug/L), the laboratory’s method detection limit (MDL) in ug/L, and the appropriate NC regulatory standard (PSRG) in ug/L. o Please BOLD each exceedance result.  A separate table of soil and/or sediment characteristics.  A recent facility figure that includes labeled sampling locations. Landfill Gas Monitoring  A blank Landfill Gas Monitoring Data Form can be found within the Landfill Gas Monitoring Guidance document and can be downloaded at http://portal.ncdenr.org/c/document_library/get_file?uuid=da699f7e-8c13-4249-9012- 16af8aefdc7b&groupId=38361.  A separate table of landfill gas detections and exceedances for each monitoring location. Please BOLD each exceedance result.  A recent facility figure that includes labeled landfill gas monitoring locations (both permanent and temporary). If you have any questions or concerns regarding electronic submittals, please feel free to contact the Hydrogeologist overseeing your facility. The Solid Waste Section greatly appreciates your assistance on this matter. Working together, we can continue to provide excellent customer service to you and to the public.  Jackie Drummond, Asheville Regional Office, 828-296-4706, jaclynne.drummond@ncdenr.gov  Ervin Lane, Raleigh Central Office, 919-707-8288, ervin.lane@ncdenr.gov  Elizabeth Werner, Raleigh Central Office, 919-707-8253, elizabeth.werner@ncdenr.gov  Christine Ritter, Raleigh Central Office, 919-707-8254, christine.ritter@ncdenr.gov  Perry Sugg, Raleigh Central Office, 919-707-8258, perry.sugg@ncdenr.gov North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources Dexter R. Matthews, Director Division of Waste Management Michael F. Easley, Governor William G. Ross Jr., Secretary 1646 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1646 Phone: 919-508-8400 \ FAX: 919-733-4810 \ Internet http://wastenotnc.org An Equal Opportunity / Affirmative Action Employer – Printed on Dual Purpose Recycled Paper October 27, 2006 To: SW Director/County Manager/Consultant/Laboratory From: NC DENR-DWM, Solid Waste Section Re: New Guidelines for Electronic Submittal of Environmental Monitoring Data The Solid Waste Section receives and reviews a wide variety of environmental monitoring data from permitted solid waste management facilities, including the results from groundwater and surface water analyses, leachate samples, methane gas readings, potentiometric measurements, and corrective action data. We are in the process of developing a database to capture the large volume of data submitted by facilities. To maintain the integrity of the database, it is critical that facilities, consultants, and laboratories work with the Solid Waste Section to ensure that environmental samples are collected and analyzed properly with the resulting data transferred to the Solid Waste Section in an accurate manner. In order to better serve the public and to expedite our review process, the Solid Waste Section is requesting specific formatting for environmental monitoring data submittals for all solid waste management facilities. Effective, December 1, 2006, please submit a Solid Waste Environmental Monitoring Data Form in addition to your environmental monitoring data report. This form will be sent in lieu of your current cover letter to the Solid Waste Section. The Solid Waste Environmental Monitoring Data Form must be filled out completely, signed, and stamped with a Board Certified North Carolina Geologist License Seal. The solid waste environmental monitoring data form will include the following: 1. Contact Information 2. Facility Name 3. Facility Permit Number 4. Facility Address 5. Monitoring Event Date (MM/DD/YYYY) 6. Water Quality Status: Monitoring, Detection Monitoring, or Assessment Monitoring 7. Type of Data Submitted: Groundwater Monitoring Wells, Groundwater Potable Wells, Leachate, Methane Gas, or Corrective Action Data 8. Notification of Exceedance of Groundwater, Surface Water, or Methane Gas (in table form) 9. Signature 10. North Carolina Geologist Seal Page 2 of 2 Most of these criteria are already being included or can be added with little effort. The Solid Waste Environmental Monitoring Data Form can be downloaded from our website: http://www.wastenotnc.org/swhome/enviro_monitoring.asp. The Solid Waste Section is also requesting a new format for monitoring wells, potable wells, surface water sampling locations, and methane probes. This format is essential in the development and maintenance of the database. The Solid Waste Section is requesting that each sampling location at all North Carolina solid waste management facilities have its own unique identification number. We are simply asking for the permit number to be placed directly in front of the sampling location number (example: 9901-MW1 = Permit Number 99-01 and Monitoring Well MW-1). No changes will need to be made to the well tags, etc. This unique identification system will enable us to accurately report data not only to NCDENR, but to the public as well. We understand that this new identification system will take some time to implement, but we feel that this will be beneficial to everyone involved in the long term. Additionally, effective December 1, 2006, the Practical Quantitation Limits (PQLs) established in 1994 will change. The Solid Waste Section is requiring that all solid waste management facilities use the new Solid Waste Reporting Limits (SWRL) for all groundwater analyses by a North Carolina Certified Laboratory. Laboratories must also report any detection of a constituent even it is detected below the new SWRL (e.g., J values where the constituent was detected above the detection limit, but below the quantitation limit). PQLs are technology-based analytical levels that are considered achievable using the referenced analytical method. The PQL is considered the lowest concentration of a contaminant that the lab can accurately detect and quantify. PQLs provided consistency and available numbers that were achievable by the given analytical method. However, PQLs are not health-based, and analytical instruments have improved over the years resulting in lower achievable PQLs for many of the constituents. As a result, the Solid Waste Section has established the SWRLs as the new reporting limits eliminating the use of the PQLs. We would also like to take this opportunity to encourage electronic submittal of the reports. This option is intended to save resources for both the public and private sectors. The Solid Waste Section will accept the entire report including narrative text, figures, tables, and maps on CD-ROM. The CD-ROM submittal shall contain a CD-ROM case and both CD-ROM and the case shall be labeled with the site name, site address, permit number, and the monitoring event date (MM/DD/YYYY). The files may be a .pdf, .txt, .csv, .xls, or .doc type. Also, analytical lab data should be reported in an .xls file. We have a template for analytical lab data available on the web at the address listed above. If you have any questions or concerns, please call (919) 508-8400. Thank you for your anticipated cooperation in this matter. 1646 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1646 Phone 919-508-8400 \ FAX 919-715-3605 \ Internet http://wastenotnc.org An Equal Opportunity / Affirmative Action Employer – Printed on Dual Purpose Recycled Paper 1 North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources Dexter R. Matthews, Director Division of Waste Management Michael F. Easley, Governor William G. Ross Jr., Secretary February 23, 2007 EMORANDUM M o: Solid Waste Directors, Landfill Operators, North Carolina Certified Laboratories, and Consultants rom: North Carolina Division of Waste Management, Solid Waste Section Re: ste Section Memorandum Regarding New Guidelines for Electronic Submittal of Environmental Data. arolina Solid Waste Section memo titled, “New Guidelines for Electronic Submittal of Environmental Data.” adily available laboratory analytical methodology and current health-based groundwater protection standards. efinitions T F Addendum to October 27, 2006, North Carolina Solid Wa The purpose of this addendum memorandum is to provide further clarification to the October 27, 2006, North C The updated guidelines is in large part due to questions and concerns from laboratories, consultants, and the regulated community regarding the detection of constituents in groundwater at levels below the previous practical quantitation limits (PQLs). The North Carolina Solid Waste Section solicited feedback from the regulated community, and, in conjunction with the regulated community, developed new limits. The primary purpose of these changes was to improve the protection of public health and the environment. The North Carolina Solid Waste Section is concerned about analytical data at these low levels because the earliest possible detection of toxic or potentially carcinogenic chemicals in the environment is paramount in the North Carolina Solid Waste Section’s mission to protect human health and the environment. Low level analytical data are critical for making the correct choices when designing site remediation strategies, alerting the public to health threats, and protecting the environment from toxic contaminants. The revised limits were updated based on re D s are also an attempt to clarify the meaning of these rms as used by the North Carolina Solid Waste Section. e that can be measured and ported with 99% confidence that the analyte concentration is greater than zero. is the minimum concentration of a target analyte that can be accurately determined by the referenced method. Many definitions relating to detection limits and quantitation limits are used in the literature and by government agencies, and commonly accepted procedures for calculating these limits exist. Except for the Solid Waste Section Limit and the North Carolina 2L Standards, the definitions listed below are referenced from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The definition te Method Detection Limit (MDL) is the minimum concentration of a substanc re Method Reporting Limit or Method Quantitation Limit (MRL or MQL) Practical Quantitation Limit (PQL) is a quantitation limit that represents a practical and routinely achievable quantitation limit with a high degree of certainty (>99.9% confidence) in the results. Per EPA Publication Number SW-846, the PQL is the lowest concentration that can be reliably measured within specified limits of precision and accuracy for a specific laboratory analytical method during routine laboratory operating conditions in accordance with "Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Wastes, Physical/Chemical Methods. The PQL appears in 1646 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1646 Phone 919-508-8400 \ FAX 919-715-3605 \ Internet http://wastenotnc.org An Equal Opportunity / Affirmative Action Employer – Printed on Dual Purpose Recycled Paper 2 older NCDENR literature; however, it is no longer being used by the North Carolina Solid aste Section. n. The nomenclature of the SWRL described in the October 7, 2006, memorandum has changed to the SWSL. C 2L .0200, Classifications and Water Quality Standards Applicable to the roundwaters of North Carolina. ethod Detection Limits (MDLs) W Solid Waste Section Limit (SWSL) is the lowest amount of analyte in a sample that can be quantitatively determined with suitable precision and accuracy. The SWSL is the concentration below which reported analytical results must be qualified as estimated. The SWSL is the updated version of the PQL that appears in older North Carolina Solid Waste Section literature. The SWSL is the limit established by the laboratory survey conducted by the North Carolina Solid Waste Sectio 2 North Carolina 2L Standards (2L) are water quality standards for the protection of groundwaters of North Carolina as specified in 15A NCA G M he North Carolina Solid Waste Section is now quiring laboratories to report to the method detection limit. atories generally report the highest method detection limit for all the instruments sed for a specific method. ata below unspecified or non-statistical reporting limits severely biases data sets and restricts their usefulness. olid Waste Section Limits (SWSLs) Clarification of detection limits referenced in the October 27, 2006, memorandum needed to be addressed because of concerns raised by the regulated community. T re Method detection limits are statistically determined values that define the concentration at which measurements of a substance by a specific analytical protocol can be distinguished from measurements of a blank (background noise). Method detection limits are matrix-specific and require a well defined analytical method. In the course of routine operations, labor u In many instances, the North Carolina Solid Waste Section gathers data from many sources prior to evaluating the data or making a compliance decision. Standardization in data reporting significantly enhances the ability to interpret and review data because the reporting formats are comparable. Reporting a method detection limit alerts data users of the known uncertainties and limitations associated with using the data. Data users must understand these limitations in order to minimize the risk of making poor environmental decisions. Censoring d S nd surface water data reported to the North Carolina Solid Waste ection. The PQLs will no longer be used. Due to comments from the regulated community, the North Carolina Solid Waste Section has changed the nomenclature of the new limits referenced on Page 2 of the October 27, 2006, memorandum, from the North Carolina Solid Waste Reporting Limits (SWRL) to the Solid Waste Section Limits (SWSL). Data must be reported to the laboratory specific method detection limits and must be quantifiable at or below the SWSL. The SWSLs must be used for both groundwater aS The North Carolina Solid Waste Section has considered further feedback from laboratories and the regulated community and ha 1646 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1646 Phone 919-508-8400 \ FAX 919-715-3605 \ Internet http://wastenotnc.org An Equal Opportunity / Affirmative Action Employer – Printed on Dual Purpose Recycled Paper 3 s made some additional changes to the values of the SWSLs. These changes may be viewed ttp://www.wastenotnc.org/sw/swenvmonitoringlist.asp nalytical Data Reporting Requirements on our webpage: h A al boratory method detection limit with all analytical laboratory results along with the following requirements: oncentration, compliance action may not be taken unless it is statistically significant crease over background. hese analytical results may require additional confirmation. he possibility that a constituent concentration may exceed the North Carolina 2L Standards in the ture. hese analytical results may be used for compliance without further confirmation. will be returned and deemed unacceptable. Submittal of unacceptable data may lead to lectronic Data Deliverable (EDD) Submittal The strategy for implementing the new analytical data reporting requirements involves reporting the actula 1) Any analyte detected at a concentration greater than the MDL but less than the SWSL is known to be present, but the uncertainty in the value is higher than a value reported above the SWSL. As a result, the actual concentration is estimated. The estimated concentration is reported along with a qualifier (“J” flag) to alert data users that the result is between the MDL and the SWSL. Any analytical data below quantifiable levels should be examined closely to evaluate whether the analytical data should be included in any statistical analysis. A statistician should make this determination. If an analyte is detected below the North Carolina 2L Standards, even if it is a quantifiable c in T 2) Any analyte detected at a concentration greater than the SWSL is present, and the quantitated value can be reported with a high degree of confidence. These analytes are reported without estimated qualification. The laboratory’s MDL and SWSL must be included in the analytical laboratory report. Any reported concentration of an organic or inorganic constituent at or above the North Carolina 2L Standards will be used for compliance purposes, unless the inorganic constituent is not statistically significant). Exceedance of the North Carolina 2L Standards or a statistically significant increase over background concentrations define when a violation has occurred. Any reported concentration of an organic or inorganic constituent at or above the SWSL that is not above an North Carolina 2L Standard will be used as a tool to assess the integrity of the landfill system and predict t fu T Failure to comply with the requirements described in the October 27, 2006, memorandum and this addendum to the October 27, 2006, memorandum will constitute a violation of 15A NCAC 13B .0601, .0602, or .1632(b), and the analytical data enforcement action. E he analytical laboratory data. This option is intended to save resources r both the public and private sectors. The North Carolina Solid Waste Section would also like to take this opportunity to encourage electronic submittal of the reports in addition to tfo The North Carolina Solid Waste Section will accept the entire report including narrative text, figures, tables, and maps on CD-ROM. Please separate the figures and tables from the report when saving in order to keep the size of the files smaller. The CD-ROM submittal shall contain a CD-ROM case and both CD 1646 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1646 Phone 919-508-8400 \ FAX 919-715-3605 \ Internet http://wastenotnc.org An Equal Opportunity / Affirmative Action Employer – Printed on Dual Purpose Recycled Paper 4 -ROM and the ase shall be labeled with the site name, site address, permit number, and the monitoring event date ab data and field data. This template is available on our webpage: ttp://www.wastenotnc.org/swhome/enviro_monitoring.asp. Methane monitoring data may also be submitted ry or exceeds 25% of the LEL facility structures (excluding gas control or recovery system components), include the exceedance(s) on the you have any questions or concerns, please feel free to contact Jaclynne Drummond (919-508-8500) or Ervin Thank you for your continued cooperation with this matter. c (MM/DD/YYYY). The reporting files may be submitted as a .pdf, .txt, .csv, .xls,. or .doc type. Also, analytical lab data and field data should be reported in .xls files. The North Carolina Solid Waste Section has a template for analytical l h electronically in this format. Pursuant to the October 27, 2006, memorandum, please remember to submit a Solid Waste Section Environmental Monitoring Reporting Form in addition to your environmental monitoring data report. This form should be sealed by a geologist or engineer licensed in North Carolina if hydrogeologic or geologic calculations, maps, or interpretations are included with the report. Otherwise, any representative that the facility owner chooses may sign and submit the form. Also, if the concentration of methane generated by the facility exceeds 100% of the lower explosive limits (LEL) at the property bounda in North Carolina Solid Waste Section Environmental Monitoring Reporting Form. If Lane (919-508-8520). 1646 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1646 Phone 919-508-8400 \ FAX 919-715-3605 \ Internet http://wastenotnc.org An Equal Opportunity / Affirmative Action Employer – Printed on Dual Purpose Recycled Paper 1 North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources October 16, 2007 EMORANDUM Dexter R. Matthews, Director Division of Wa e Management st Michael F. Easley, Governor William G. Ross Jr., Secretary M To: Operators, North Carolina Certified Laboratories, and Consultants rom: North Carolina Division of Waste Management, Solid Waste Section Re: ring Data for North Carolina Solid Waste Management Facilities and provide a reminder of formats for environmental monitoring data bmittals. ese changes was to improve the protection of public health and the nvironment. reported to the North Carolina Solid Waste Section. The PQLs will no nger be used. ted can be directed to the North Carolina Department of Health nd Human Services. Solid Waste Directors, Landfill F Environmental Monito The purpose of this memorandum is to provide a reiteration of the use of the Solid Waste Section Limits (SWSLs), provide new information on the Groundwater Protection Standards, su The updated guidelines are in large part due to questions and concerns from laboratories, consultants, and the regulated community regarding the detection of constituents in groundwater at levels below the previous Practical Quantitation Limits (PQLs). The North Carolina Solid Waste Section solicited feedback from the regulated community, and, in conjunction with the regulated community, developed new limits. The primary purpose of the Data must be reported to the laboratory specific method detection limits and must be quantifiable at or below the SWSLs. The SWSLs must be used for both groundwater and surface water datalo In June 2007, we received new information regarding changes to the Groundwater Protection Standards. If a North Carolina 2L Groundwater Standard does not exist, then a designated Groundwater Protection Standard is used pursuant to 15A NCAC 13B .1634. Toxicologists with the North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services calculated these new Groundwater Protection Standards. Questions regarding how the standards were calcula a 1646 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1646 Phone 919-508-8400 \ FAX 919-715-3605 \ Internet http://wastenotnc.org An Equal Opportunity / Affirmative Action Employer – Printed on Dual Purpose Recycled Paper 2 every year or sooner if new scientific and toxicological data become available. lease review our website periodically for any changes to the 2L NC Standards, ic updates will be noted on our ebsite. wastenotnc.org/sw/swenvmonitoringlist.asp We have reviewed the new results from the North Carolina Department of Public Health and have updated our webpage accordingly. The list of Groundwater Protection Standards, North Carolina 2L Standards and SWSLs are subject to change and will be reviewed P Groundwater Protection Standards, or SWSLs. Specifw http://www. ental monitoring data In addition, the following should be included with environmsubmittals: 1. Environmental Monitoring Data Form as a cover sheet: http://www.wastenotnc.org/swhome/EnvMonitoring/NCEnvMonRptForm.pdf 2. Copy of original laboratory results. 3. Table of detections and discussion of 2L exceedances. 4. Electronic files on CD or sent by email. These files should include the written report as Portable Document Format (PDF) file and the laboratory data as an excel file following a the format of the updated Electronic Data Deliverable (EDD) template on our website: http://www.wastenotnc.org/swhome/enviro_monitoring.asp If you have any questions or concerns, please feel free to contact Donald Herndon (919- 08-8502), Ervin Lane (919-508-8520) or Jaclynne Drummond (919-508-8500). Thank you for your continued cooperation with these matters. 5 Solid Waste Section Guidelines for Groundwater, Soil, and Surface Water Sampling STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES DIVISION OF WASTE MANAGEMENT SOLID WASTE SECTION General Sampling Procedures The following guidance is provided to insure a consistent sampling approach so that sample collection activities at solid waste management facilities provide reliable data. Sampling must begin with an evaluation of facility information, historical environmental data and site geologic and hydrogeologic conditions. General sampling procedures are described in this document. Planning Begin sampling activities with planning and coordination. The party contracting with the laboratory is responsible for effectively communicating reporting requirements and evaluating data reliability as it relates to specific monitoring activities. Sample Collection Contamination Prevention a.) Take special effort to prevent cross contamination or environmental contamination when collecting samples. 1. If possible, collect samples from the least contaminated sampling location (or background sampling location, if applicable) to the most contaminated sampling location. 2. Collect the ambient or background samples first, and store them in separate ice chests or separate shipping containers within the same ice chest (e.g. untreated plastic bags). 3. Collect samples in flowing water at designated locations from upstream to downstream. b.) Do not store or ship highly contaminated samples (concentrated wastes, free product, etc.) or samples suspect of containing high concentrations of contaminants in the same ice chest or shipping containers with other environmental samples. 1. Isolate these sample containers by sealing them in separate, untreated plastic bags immediately after collecting, preserving, labeling, etc. 2. Use a clean, untreated plastic bag to line the ice chest or shipping container. c.) All sampling equipment should be thoroughly decontaminated and transported in a manner that does not allow it to become contaminated. Arrangements should be made ahead of time to decontaminate any sampling or measuring equipment that will be reused when taking samples from more than one well. Field decontamination of Rev 4-08 1 sampling equipment will be necessary before sampling each well to minimize the risk of cross contamination. Decontamination procedures should be included in reports as necessary. Certified pre-cleaned sampling equipment and containers may be used. When collecting aqueous samples, rinse the sample collection equipment with a portion of the sample water before taking the actual sample. Sample containers do not need to be rinsed. In the case of petroleum hydrocarbons, oil and grease, or containers with pre-measured preservatives, the sample containers cannot be rinsed. d.) Place all fuel-powered equipment away from, and downwind of, any site activities (e.g., purging, sampling, decontamination). 1. If field conditions preclude such placement (i.e., the wind is from the upstream direction in a boat), place the fuel source(s) as far away as possible from the sampling activities and describe the conditions in the field notes. 2. Handle fuel (i.e., filling vehicles and equipment) prior to the sampling day. If such activities must be performed during sampling, the personnel must wear disposable gloves. 3. Dispense all fuels downwind. Dispose of gloves well away from the sampling activities. Filling Out Sample Labels Fill out label, adhere to vial and collect sample. Print legibly with indelible ink. At a minimum, the label or tag should identify the sample with the following information: 1. Sample location and/or well number 2. Sample identification number 3. Date and time of collection 4. Analysis required/requested 5. Sampler’s initials 6. Preservative(s) used, if any [i.e., HCl, Na2S2O3, NO3, ice, etc.] 7. Any other pertinent information for sample identification Sample Collection Order Unless field conditions justify other sampling regimens, collect samples in the following order: 1. Volatile Organics and Volatile Inorganics 2. Extractable Organics, Petroleum Hydrocarbons, Aggregate Organics and Oil and Grease 3. Total Metals 4. Inorganic Nonmetallics, Physical and Aggregate Properties, and Biologicals 5. Microbiological NOTE: If the pump used to collect groundwater samples cannot be used to collect volatile or extractable organics then collect all other parameters and withdraw the pump and tubing. Then collect the volatile and extractable organics. Rev 4-08 2 Health and Safety Implement all local, state, and federal requirements relating to health and safety. Follow all local, state and federal requirements pertaining to the storage and disposal of any hazardous or investigation derived wastes. a.) The Solid Waste Section recommends wearing protective gloves when conducting all sampling activities. 1. Gloves serve to protect the sample collector from potential exposure to sample constituents, minimize accidental contamination of samples by the collector, and preserve accurate tare weights on preweighed sample containers. 2. Do not let gloves come into contact with the sample or with the interior or lip of the sample container. Use clean, new, unpowdered and disposable gloves. Various types of gloves may be used as long as the construction materials do not contaminate the sample or if internal safety protocols require greater protection. 3. Note that certain materials that may potentially be present in concentrated effluent can pass through certain glove types and be absorbed in the skin. Many vendor catalogs provide information about the permeability of different gloves and the circumstances under which the glove material might be applicable. The powder in powdered gloves can contribute significant contamination. Powdered gloves are not recommended unless it can be demonstrated that the powder does not interfere with the sample analysis. 4. Change gloves after preliminary activities, after collecting all the samples at a single sampling point, if torn or used to handle extremely dirty or highly contaminated surfaces. Properly dispose of all used gloves as investigation derived wastes. b.) Properly manage all investigation derived waste (IDW). 5. To prevent contamination into previously uncontaminated areas, properly manage all IDW. This includes all water, soil, drilling mud, decontamination wastes, discarded personal protective equipment (PPE), etc. from site investigations, exploratory borings, piezometer and monitoring well installation, refurbishment, abandonment, and other investigative activities. Manage all IDW that is determined to be RCRA-regulated hazardous waste according to the local, state and federal requirements. 6. Properly dispose of IDW that is not a RCRA-regulated hazardous waste but is contaminated above the Department’s Soil Cleanup Target Levels or the state standards and/or minimum criteria for ground water quality. If the drill cuttings/mud orpurged well water is contaminated with hazardous waste, contact the DWM Hazardous Waste Section (919-508-8400) for disposal options. Maintain all containers holding IDW in good condition. Periodically inspect the containers for damage and ensure that all required labeling (DOT, RCRA, etc.) are clearly visible. Rev 4-08 3 Sample Storage and Transport Store samples for transport carefully. Pack samples to prevent from breaking and to maintain a temperature of approximately 4 degrees Celsius (°C), adding ice if necessary. Transport samples to a North Carolina-certified laboratory as soon as possible. Avoid unnecessary handling of sample containers. Avoid heating (room temperature or above, including exposure to sunlight) or freezing of the sample containers. Reduce the time between sample collection and delivery to a laboratory whenever possible and be sure that the analytical holding times of your samples can be met by the laboratory. a.) A complete chain-of-custody (COC) form must be maintained to document all transfers and receipts of the samples. Be sure that the sample containers are labeled with the sample location and/or well number, sample identification, the date and time of collection, the analysis to be performed, the preservative added (if any), the sampler’s initials, and any other pertinent information for sample identification. The labels should contain a unique identifier (i.e., unique well numbers) that can be traced to the COC form. The details of sample collection must be documented on the COC. The COC must include the following: 1. Description of each sample (including QA/QC samples) and the number of containers (sample location and identification) 2. Signature of the sampler 3. Date and time of sample collection 4. Analytical method to be performed 5. Sample type (i.e., water or soil) 6. Regulatory agency (i.e., NCDENR/DWM – SW Section) 7. Signatures of all persons relinquishing and receiving custody of the samples 8. Dates and times of custody transfers b.) Pack samples so that they are segregated by site, sampling location or by sample analysis type. When COC samples are involved, segregate samples in coolers by site. If samples from multiple sites will fit in one cooler, they may be packed in the same cooler with the associated field sheets and a single COC form for all. Coolers should not exceed a maximum weight of 50 lbs. Use additional coolers as necessary. All sample containers should be placed in plastic bags (segregated by analysis and location) and completely surrounded by ice. 1. Prepare and place trip blanks in an ice filled cooler before leaving for the field. 2. Segregate samples by analysis and place in sealable plastic bags. 3. Pack samples carefully in the cooler placing ice around the samples. 4. Review the COC. The COC form must accompany the samples to the laboratory. The trip blank(s) must also be recorded on the COC form. 5. Place completed COC form in a waterproof bag, sealed and taped under the lid of the cooler. 6. Secure shipping containers with strapping tape to avoid accidental opening. 7. For COC samples, a tamper-proof seal may also be placed over the cooler lid or over a bag or container containing the samples inside the shipping cooler. Rev 4-08 4 8. "COC" or "EMERG" should be written in indelible ink on the cooler seal to alert sample receipt technicians to priority or special handling samples. 9. The date and sample handler's signature must also be written on the COC seal. 10. Deliver the samples to the laboratory or ship by commercial courier. NOTE: If transport time to the laboratory is not long enough to allow samples to be cooled to 4° C, a temperature reading of the sample source must be documented as the field temperature on the COC form. A downward trend in temperature will be adequate even if cooling to 4° C is not achieved. The field temperature should always be documented if there is any question as to whether samples will have time to cool to 4° C during shipment. Thermometers must be calibrated annually against an NIST traceable thermometer and documentation must be retained. Rev 4-08 5 Appendix A - Decontamination of Field Equipment Decontamination of personnel, sampling equipment, and containers - before and after sampling - must be used to ensure collection of representative samples and to prevent the potential spread of contamination. Decontamination of personnel prevents ingestion and absorption of contaminants. It must be done with a soap and water wash and deionized or distilled water rinse. Certified pre-cleaned sampling equipment and containers may also be used. All previously used sampling equipment must be properly decontaminated before sampling and between sampling locations. This prevents the introduction of contamination into uncontaminated samples and avoids cross-contamination of samples. Cross-contamination can be a significant problem when attempting to characterize extremely low concentrations of organic compounds or when working with soils that are highly contaminated. Clean, solvent-resistant gloves and appropriate protective equipment must be worn by persons decontaminating tools and equipment. Cleaning Reagents Recommendations for the types and grades of various cleaning supplies are outlined below. The recommended reagent types or grades were selected to ensure that the cleaned equipment is free from any detectable contamination. a.) Detergents: Use Liqui-Nox (or a non-phosphate equivalent) or Alconox (or equivalent). Liqui-Nox (or equivalent) is recommended by EPA, although Alconox (or equivalent) may be substituted if the sampling equipment will not be used to collect phosphorus or phosphorus containing compounds. b.) Solvents: Use pesticide grade isopropanol as the rinse solvent in routine equipment cleaning procedures. This grade of alcohol must be purchased from a laboratory supply vendor. Rubbing alcohol or other commonly available sources of isopropanol are not acceptable. Other solvents, such as acetone or methanol, may be used as the final rinse solvent if they are pesticide grade. However, methanol is more toxic to the environment and acetone may be an analyte of interest for volatile organics. 1. Do not use acetone if volatile organics are of interest 2. Containerize all methanol wastes (including rinses) and dispose as a hazardous waste. Pre-clean equipment that is heavily contaminated with organic analytes. Use reagent grade acetone and hexane or other suitable solvents. Use pesticide grade methylene chloride when cleaning sample containers. Store all solvents away from potential sources of contamination. c.) Analyte-Free Water Sources: Analyte-free water is water in which all analytes of interest and all interferences are below method detection limits. Maintain documentation (such as results from equipment blanks) to demonstrate the reliability and purity of analyte-free water source(s). The source of the water must meet the requirements of the analytical method and must be free from the analytes of interest. In general, the following water types are associated with specific analyte groups: 1. Milli-Q (or equivalent polished water): suitable for all analyses. Rev 4-08 6 2. Organic-free: suitable for volatile and extractable organics. 3. Deionized water: may not be suitable for volatile and extractable organics. 4. Distilled water: not suitable for volatile and extractable organics, metals or ultratrace metals. Use analyte-free water for blank preparation and the final decontamination water rinse. In order to minimize long-term storage and potential leaching problems, obtain or purchase analyte-free water just prior to the sampling event. If obtained from a source (such as a laboratory), fill the transport containers and use the contents for a single sampling event. Empty the transport container(s) at the end of the sampling event. Discard any analyte-free water that is transferred to a dispensing container (such as a wash bottle or pump sprayer) at the end of each sampling day. d.) Acids: 1. Reagent Grade Nitric Acid: 10 - 15% (one volume concentrated nitric acid and five volumes deionized water). Use for the acid rinse unless nitrogen components (e.g., nitrate, nitrite, etc.) are to be sampled. If sampling for ultra-trace levels of metals, use an ultra-pure grade acid. 2. Reagent Grade Hydrochloric Acid: 10% hydrochloric acid (one volume concentrated hydrochloric and three volumes deionized water). Use when nitrogen components are to be sampled. 3. If samples for both metals and the nitrogen-containing components are collected with the equipment, use the hydrochloric acid rinse, or thoroughly rinse with hydrochloric acid after a nitric acid rinse. If sampling for ultra trace levels of metals, use an ultra-pure grade acid. 4. Freshly prepared acid solutions may be recycled during the sampling event or cleaning process. Dispose of any unused acids according to local ordinances. Reagent Storage Containers The contents of all containers must be clearly marked. a.) Detergents: 1. Store in the original container or in a HDPE or PP container. b.) Solvents: 1. Store solvents to be used for cleaning or decontamination in the original container until use in the field. If transferred to another container for field use, use either a glass or Teflon container. 2. Use dispensing containers constructed of glass, Teflon or stainless steel. Note: If stainless steel sprayers are used, any gaskets that contact the solvents must be constructed of inert materials. c.) Analyte-Free Water: 1. Transport in containers appropriate for the type of water stored. If the water is commercially purchased (e.g., grocery store), use the original containers when transporting the water to the field. Containers made of glass, Teflon, polypropylene or HDPE are acceptable. 2. Use glass or Teflon to transport organic-free sources of water on-site. Polypropylene or HDPE may be used, but are not recommended. Rev 4-08 7 3. Dispense water from containers made of glass, Teflon, HDPE or polypropylene. 4. Do not store water in transport containers for more than three days before beginning a sampling event. 5. If working on a project that has oversight from EPA Region 4, use glass containers for the transport and storage of all water. 6. Store and dispense acids using containers made of glass, Teflon or plastic. General Requirements a.) Prior to use, clean/decontaminate all sampling equipment (pumps, tubing, lanyards, split spoons, etc.) that will be exposed to the sample. b.) Before installing, clean (or obtain as certified pre-cleaned) all equipment that is dedicated to a single sampling point and remains in contact with the sample medium (e.g., permanently installed groundwater pump). If you use certified pre-cleaned equipment no cleaning is necessary. 1. Clean this equipment any time it is removed for maintenance or repair. 2. Replace dedicated tubing if discolored or damaged. c.) Clean all equipment in a designated area having a controlled environment (house, laboratory, or base of field operations) and transport it to the field, pre-cleaned and ready to use, unless otherwise justified. d.) Rinse all equipment with water after use, even if it is to be field-cleaned for other sites. Rinse equipment used at contaminated sites or used to collect in-process (e.g., untreated or partially treated wastewater) samples immediately with water. e.) Whenever possible, transport sufficient clean equipment to the field so that an entire sampling event can be conducted without the need for cleaning equipment in the field. f.) Segregate equipment that is only used once (i.e., not cleaned in the field) from clean equipment and return to the in-house cleaning facility to be cleaned in a controlled environment. g.) Protect decontaminated field equipment from environmental contamination by securely wrapping and sealing with one of the following: 1. Aluminum foil (commercial grade is acceptable) 2. Untreated butcher paper 3. Clean, untreated, disposable plastic bags. Plastic bags may be used for all analyte groups except volatile and extractable organics. Plastic bags may be used for volatile and extractable organics, if the equipment is first wrapped in foil or butcher paper, or if the equipment is completely dry. Cleaning Sample Collection Equipment a.) On-Site/In-Field Cleaning – Cleaning equipment on-site is not recommended because environmental conditions cannot be controlled and wastes (solvents and acids) must be containerized for proper disposal. 1. Ambient temperature water may be substituted in the hot, sudsy water bath and hot water rinses. NOTE: Properly dispose of all solvents and acids. Rev 4-08 8 2. Rinse all equipment with water after use, even if it is to be field-cleaned for other sites. 3. Immediately rinse equipment used at contaminated sites or used to collect in-process (e.g., untreated or partially treated wastewater) samples with water. b.) Heavily Contaminated Equipment - In order to avoid contaminating other samples, isolate heavily contaminated equipment from other equipment and thoroughly decontaminate the equipment before further use. Equipment is considered heavily contaminated if it: 1. Has been used to collect samples from a source known to contain significantly higher levels than background. 2. Has been used to collect free product. 3. Has been used to collect industrial products (e.g., pesticides or solvents) or their byproducts. NOTE: Cleaning heavily contaminated equipment in the field is not recommended. c.) On-Site Procedures: 1. Protect all other equipment, personnel and samples from exposure by isolating the equipment immediately after use. 2. At a minimum, place the equipment in a tightly sealed, untreated, plastic bag. 3. Do not store or ship the contaminated equipment next to clean, decontaminated equipment, unused sample containers, or filled sample containers. 4. Transport the equipment back to the base of operations for thorough decontamination. 5. If cleaning must occur in the field, document the effectiveness of the procedure, collect and analyze blanks on the cleaned equipment. d.) Cleaning Procedures: 1. If organic contamination cannot be readily removed with scrubbing and a detergent solution, pre-rinse equipment by thoroughly rinsing or soaking the equipment in acetone. 2. Use hexane only if preceded and followed by acetone. 3. In extreme cases, it may be necessary to steam clean the field equipment before proceeding with routine cleaning procedures. 4. After the solvent rinses (and/or steam cleaning), use the appropriate cleaning procedure. Scrub, rather than soak, all equipment with sudsy water. If high levels of metals are suspected and the equipment cannot be cleaned without acid rinsing, soak the equipment in the appropriate acid. Since stainless steel equipment should not be exposed to acid rinses, do not use stainless steel equipment when heavy metal contamination is suspected or present. 5. If the field equipment cannot be cleaned utilizing these procedures, discard unless further cleaning with stronger solvents and/or oxidizing solutions is effective as evidenced by visual observation and blanks. 6. Clearly mark or disable all discarded equipment to discourage use. Rev 4-08 9 e.) General Cleaning - Follow these procedures when cleaning equipment under controlled conditions. Check manufacturer's instructions for cleaning restrictions and/or recommendations. 1. Procedure for Teflon, stainless steel and glass sampling equipment: This procedure must be used when sampling for ALL analyte groups. (Extractable organics, metals, nutrients, etc. or if a single decontamination protocol is desired to clean all Teflon, stainless steel and glass equipment.) Rinse equipment with hot tap water. Soak equipment in a hot, sudsy water solution (Liqui-Nox or equivalent). If necessary, use a brush to remove particulate matter or surface film. Rinse thoroughly with hot tap water. If samples for trace metals or inorganic analytes will be collected with the equipment that is not stainless steel, thoroughly rinse (wet all surfaces) with the appropriate acid solution. Rinse thoroughly with analyte-free water. Make sure that all equipment surfaces are thoroughly flushed with water. If samples for volatile or extractable organics will be collected, rinse with isopropanol. Wet equipment surfaces thoroughly with free- flowing solvent. Rinse thoroughly with analyte-free water. Allow to air dry. Wrap and seal as soon as the equipment has air-dried. If isopropanol is used, the equipment may be air-dried without the final analyte-free water rinse; however, the equipment must be completely dry before wrapping or use. Wrap clean sampling equipment according to the procedure described above. 2. General Cleaning Procedure for Plastic Sampling Equipment: Rinse equipment with hot tap water. Soak equipment in a hot, sudsy water solution (Liqui-Nox or equivalent). If necessary, use a brush to remove particulate matter or surface film. Rinse thoroughly with hot tap water. Thoroughly rinse (wet all surfaces) with the appropriate acid solution. Check manufacturer's instructions for cleaning restrictions and/or recommendations. Rinse thoroughly with analyte-free water. Be sure that all equipment surfaces are thoroughly flushed. Allow to air dry as long as possible. Wrap clean sampling equipment according to the procedure described above. Rev 4-08 10 Appendix B - Collecting Soil Samples Soil samples are collected for a variety of purposes. A methodical sampling approach must be used to assure that sample collection activities provide reliable data. Sampling must begin with an evaluation of background information, historical data and site conditions. Soil Field Screening Procedures Field screening is the use of portable devices capable of detecting petroleum contaminants on a real-time basis or by a rapid field analytical technique. Field screening should be used to help assess locations where contamination is most likely to be present. When possible, field-screening samples should be collected directly from the excavation or from the excavation equipment's bucket. If field screening is conducted only from the equipment's bucket, then a minimum of one field screening sample should be collected from each 10 cubic yards of excavated soil. If instruments or other observations indicate contamination, soil should be separated into stockpiles based on apparent degrees of contamination. At a minimum, soil suspected of contamination must be segregated from soil observed to be free of contamination. a.) Field screening devices – Many field screen instruments are available for detecting contaminants in the field on a rapid or real-time basis. Acceptable field screening instruments must be suitable for the contaminant being screened. The procdedure for field screening using photoionization detectors (PIDs) and flame ionization detectors (FIDs) is described below. If other instruments are used, a description of the instrument or method and its intended use must be provided to the Solid Waste Section. Whichever field screening method is chosen, its accuracy must be verified throughout the sampling process. Use appropriate standards that match the use intended for the data. Unless the Solid Waste Section indicates otherwise, wherever field screening is recommended in this document, instrumental or analytical methods of detection must be used, not olfactory or visual screening methods. b.) Headspace analytical screening procedure for filed screening (semi-quantitative field screening) - The most commonly used field instruments for Solid Waste Section site assessments are FIDs and PIDs. When using FIDs and PIDs, use the following headspace screening procedure to obtain and analyze field-screening samples: 1. Partially fill (one-third to one-half) a clean jar or clean ziplock bag with the sample to be analyzed. The total capacity of the jar or bag may not be less than eight ounces (app. 250 ml), but the container should not be so large as to allow vapor diffusion and stratification effects to significantly affect the sample. 2. If the sample is collected from a spilt-spoon, it must be transferred to the jar or bag for headspace analysis immediately after opening the split- spoon. If the sample is collected from an excavation or soil pile, it must be collected from freshly uncovered soil. Rev 4-08 11 3. If a jar is used, it must be quickly covered with clean aluminum foil or a jar lid; screw tops or thick rubber bands must be used to tightly seal the jar. If a zip lock bag is used, it must be quickly sealed shut. 4. Headspace vapors must be allowed to develop in the container for at least 10 minutes but no longer than one hour. Containers must be shaken or agitated for 15 seconds at the beginning and the end of the headspace development period to assist volatilization. Temperatures of the headspace must be warmed to at least 5° C (approximately 40° F) with instruments calibrated for the temperature used. 5. After headspace development, the instrument sampling probe must be inserted to a point about one-half the headspace depth. The container opening must be minimized and care must be taken to avoid the uptake of water droplets and soil particulates. 6. After probe insertion, the highest meter reading must be taken and recorded. This will normally occur between two and five seconds after probe insertion. If erratic meter response occurs at high organic vapor concentrations or conditions of elevated headspace moisture, a note to that effect must accompany the headspace data. 7. All field screening results must be documented in the field record or log book. Soil Sample Collection Procedures for Laboratory Samples The number and type of laboratory samples collected depends on the purpose of the sampling activity. Samples analyzed with field screening devices may not be substituted for required laboratory samples. a.) General Sample Collection - When collecting samples from potentially contaminated soil, care should be taken to reduce contact with skin or other parts of the body. Disposable gloves should be worn by the sample collector and should be changed between samples to avoid cross-contamination. Soil samples should be collected in a manner that causes the least disturbance to the internal structure of the sample and reduces its exposure to heat, sunlight and open air. Likewise, care should be taken to keep the samples from being contaminated by other materials or other samples collected at the site. When sampling is to occur over an extended period of time, it is necessary to insure that the samples are collected in a comparable manner. All samples must be collected with disposable or clean tools that have been decontaminated. Disposable gloves must be worn and changed between sample collections. Sample containers must be filled quickly. Soil samples must be placed in containers in the order of volatility, for example, volatile organic aromatic samples must be taken first, organics next, then heavier range organics, and finally soil classification samples. Containers must be quickly and adequately sealed, and rims must be cleaned before tightening lids. Tape may be used only if known not to affect sample analysis. Sample containers must be clearly labeled. Containers must immediately be preserved according to procedures in this Section. Unless specified Rev 4-08 12 otherwise, at a minimum, the samples must be immediately cooled to 4 ± 2°C and this temperature must be maintained throughout delivery to the laboratory. b.) Surface Soil Sampling - Surface soil is generally classified as soil between the ground surface and 6-12 inches below ground surface. Remove leaves, grass and surface debris from the area to be sampled. Select an appropriate, pre-cleaned sampling device and collect the sample. Transfer the sample to the appropriate sample container. Clean the outside of the sample container to remove excess soil. Label the sample container, place on wet ice to preserve at 4°C, and complete the field notes. c.) Subsurface Soil Sampling – The interval begins at approximately 12 inches below ground surface. Collect samples for volatile organic analyses. For other analyses, select an appropriate, pre-cleaned sampling device and collect the sample. Transfer the sample to the appropriate sample container. Clean the outside of the sample container to remove excess soil. Label the sample container, place on wet ice to preserve at 4°C, and complete field notes. d.) Equipment for Reaching the Appropriate Soil Sampling Depth - Samples may be collected using a hollow stem soil auger, direct push, Shelby tube, split-spoon sampler, or core barrel. These sampling devices may be used as long as an effort is made to reduce the loss of contaminants through volatilization. In these situations, obtain a sufficient volume of so the samples can be collected without volatilization and disturbance to the internal structure of the samples. Samples should be collected from cores of the soil. Non-disposable sampling equipment must be decontaminated between each sample location. NOTE: If a confining layer has been breached during sampling, grout the hole to land. e.) Equipment to Collect Soil Samples - Equipment and materials that may be used to collect soil samples include disposable plastic syringes and other “industry-standard” equipment and materials that are contaminant-free. Non-disposable sampling equipment must be decontaminated between each sample location. Rev 4-08 13 Appendix C - Collecting Groundwater Samples Groundwater samples are collected to identify, investigate, assess and monitor the concentration of dissolved contaminant constituents. To properly assess groundwater contamination, first install sampling points (monitoring wells, etc.) to collect groundwater samples and then perform specific laboratory analyses. All monitoring wells should be constructed in accordance with 15A NCAC 2C .0100 and sampled as outlined in this section. Groundwater monitoring is conducted using one of two methods: 1. Portable Monitoring: Monitoring that is conducted using sampling equipment that is discarded between sampling locations. Equipment used to collect a groundwater sample from a well such as bailers, tubing, gloves, and etc. are disposed of after sample collection. A new set of sampling equipment is used to collect a groundwater sample at the next monitor well. 2. Dedicated Monitoring: Monitoring that utilizes permanently affixed down-well and well head components that are capped after initial set-up. Most dedicated monitoring systems are comprised of an in-well submersible bladder pump, with air supply and sample discharge tubing, and an above-ground driver/controller for regulation of flow rates and volumes. The pump and all tubing housed within the well should be composed of Teflon or stainless steel components. This includes seals inside the pump, the pump body, and fittings used to connect tubing to the pump. Because ground water will not be in contact with incompatible constituents and because the well is sealed from the surface, virtually no contamination is possible from intrinsic sources during sampling and between sampling intervals. All dedicated monitoring systems must be approved by the Solid Waste Section before installation. Groundwater samples may be collected from a number of different configurations. Each configuration is associated with a unique set of sampling equipment requirements and techniques: 1. Wells without Plumbing: These wells require equipment to be brought to the well to purge and sample unless dedicated equipment is placed in the well. 2. Wells with In-Place Plumbing: Wells with in-place plumbing do not require equipment to be brought to the well to purge and sample. In-place plumbing is generally considered permanent equipment routinely used for purposes other than purging and sampling, such as for water supply. 3. Air Strippers or Remedial Systems: These types of systems are installed as remediation devices. Rev 4-08 14 Groundwater Sample Preparation The type of sample containers used depends on the type of analysis performed. First, determine the type(s) of contaminants expected and the proper analytical method(s). Be sure to consult your selected laboratory for its specific needs and requirements prior to sampling. Next, prepare the storage and transport containers (ice chest, etc.) before taking any samples so that each sample can be placed in a chilled environment immediately after collection. Use groundwater purging and sampling equipment constructed of only non-reactive, non- leachable materials that are compatible with the environment and the selected analytes. In selecting groundwater purging and sampling equipment, give consideration to the depth of the well, the depth to groundwater, the volume of water to be evacuated, the sampling and purging technique, and the analytes of interest. Additional supplies, such as reagents and preservatives, may be necessary. All sampling equipment (bailers, tubing, containers, etc.) must be selected based on its chemical compatibility with the source being sampled (e.g., water supply well, monitoring well) and the contaminants potentially present. a.) Pumps - All pumps or pump tubing must be lowered and retrieved from the well slowly and carefully to minimize disturbance to the formation water. This is especially critical at the air/water interface. 1. Above-Ground Pumps • Variable Speed Peristaltic Pump: Use a variable speed peristaltic pump to purge groundwater from wells when the static water level in the well is no greater than 20- 25 feet below land surface (BLS). If the water levels are deeper than 18-20 feet BLS, the pumping velocity will decrease. A variable speed peristaltic pump can be used for normal purging and sampling, and sampling low permeability aquifers or formations. Most analyte groups can be sampled with a peristaltic pump if the tubing and pump configurations are appropriate. • Variable Speed Centrifugal Pump: A variable speed centrifugal pump can be used to purge groundwater from 2-inch and larger internal diameter wells. Do not use this type of pump to collect groundwater samples. When purging is complete, do not allow the water that remains in the tubing to fall back into the well. Install a check valve at the end of the purge tubing. 2. Submersible Pumps • Variable Speed Electric Submersible Pump: A variable speed submersible pump can be used to purge and sample groundwater from 2-inch and larger internal diameter wells. A variable speed submersible pump can be used for normal purging and sampling, and sampling low permeability aquifers or formations. The pump housing, fittings, check valves and associated hardware must be constructed of stainless steel. All other materials must be Rev 4-08 15 compatible with the analytes of interest. Install a check valve at the output side of the pump to prevent backflow. If purging and sampling for organics, the entire length of the delivery tube must be Teflon, polyethylene or polypropylene (PP) tubing; the electrical cord must be sealed in Teflon, polyethylene or PP and any cabling must be sealed in Teflon, polyethylene or PP, or be constructed of stainless steel; and all interior components that contact the sample water (impeller, seals, gaskets, etc.) must be constructed of stainless steel or Teflon. 3. Variable Speed Bladder Pump: A variable speed, positive displacement, bladder pump can be used to purge and sample groundwater from 3/4-inch and larger internal diameter wells. • A variable speed bladder pump can be used for normal purging and sampling, and sampling low permeability aquifers or formations. • The bladder pump system is composed of the pump, the compressed air tubing, the water discharge tubing, the controller and a compressor, or a compressed gas supply. • The pump consists of a bladder and an exterior casing or pump body that surrounds the bladder and two (2) check valves. These parts can be composed of various materials, usually combinations of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), Teflon, polyethylene, PP and stainless steel. Other materials must be compatible with the analytes of interest. • If purging and sampling for organics, the pump body must be constructed of stainless steel. The valves and bladder must be Teflon, polyethylene or PP; the entire length of the delivery tube must be Teflon, polyethylene or PP; and any cabling must be sealed in Teflon, polyethylene or PP, or be constructed of stainless steel. • Permanently installed pumps may have a PVC pump body as long as the pump remains in contact with the water in the well. b.) Bailers 1. Purging: Bailers must be used with caution because improper bailing can cause changes in the chemistry of the water due to aeration and loosening particulate matter in the space around the well screen. Use a bailer if there is non-aqueous phase liquid (free product) in the well or if non-aqueous phase liquid is suspected to be in the well. 2. Sampling: Bailers must be used with caution. 3. Construction and Type: Bailers must be constructed of materials compatible with the analytes of interest. Stainless steel, Teflon, rigid medical grade PVC, polyethylene and PP bailers may be used to sample all analytes. Use disposable bailers when sampling grossly contaminated sample sources. NCDENR recommends using dual check valve bailers when collecting samples. Use bailers with a controlled flow bottom to collect volatile organic samples. Rev 4-08 16 4. Contamination Prevention: Keep the bailer wrapped (foil, butcher paper, etc.) until just before use. Use protective gloves to handle the bailer once it is removed from its wrapping. Handle the bailer by the lanyard to minimize contact with the bailer surface. c.) Lanyards 1. Lanyards must be made of non-reactive, non-leachable material. They may be cotton twine, nylon, stainless steel, or may be coated with Teflon, polyethylene or PP. 2. Discard cotton twine, nylon, and non-stainless steel braided lanyards after sampling each monitoring well. 3. Decontaminate stainless steel, coated Teflon, polyethylene and PP lanyards between monitoring wells. They do not need to be decontaminated between purging and sampling operations. Water Level and Purge Volume Determination The amount of water that must be purged from a well is determined by the volume of water and/or field parameter stabilization. a.) General Equipment Considerations - Selection of appropriate purging equipment depends on the analytes of interest, the well diameter, transmissivity of the aquifer, the depth to groundwater, and other site conditions. 1. Use of a pump to purge the well is recommended unless no other equipment can be used or there is non-aqueous phase liquid in the well, or non-aqueous phase liquid is suspected to be in the well. 2. Bailers must be used with caution because improper bailing: • Introduces atmospheric oxygen, which may precipitate metals (i.e., iron) or cause other changes in the chemistry of the water in the sample (i.e., pH). • Agitates groundwater, which may bias volatile and semi- volatile organic analyses due to volatilization. • Agitates the water in the aquifer and resuspends fine particulate matter. • Surges the well, loosening particulate matter in the annular space around the well screen. • May introduce dirt into the water column if the sides of the casing wall are scraped. NOTE: It is critical for bailers to be slowly and gently immersed into the top of the water column, particularly during the final stages of purging. This minimizes turbidity and disturbance of volatile organic constituents. b.) Initial Inspection 1. Remove the well cover and remove all standing water around the top of the well casing (manhole) before opening the well. 2. Inspect the exterior protective casing of the monitoring well for damage. Document the results of the inspection if there is a problem. 3. It is recommended that you place a protective covering around the well head. Replace the covering if it becomes soiled or ripped. Rev 4-08 17 4. Inspect the well lock and determine whether the cap fits tightly. Replace the cap if necessary. c.) Water Level Measurements - Use an electronic probe or chalked tape to determine the water level. Decontaminate all equipment before use. Measure the depth to groundwater from the top of the well casing to the nearest 0.01 foot. Always measure from the same reference point or survey mark on the well casing. Record the measurement. 1. Electronic Probe: Decontaminate all equipment before use. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for use. Record the measurement. 2. Chalked Line Method: Decontaminate all equipment before use. Lower chalked tape into the well until the lower end is in the water. This is usually determined by the sound of the weight hitting the water. Record the length of the tape relative to the reference point. Remove the tape and note the length of the wetted portion. Record the length. Determine the depth to water by subtracting the length of the wetted portion from the total length. Record the result. d.) Water Column Determination - To determine the length of the water column, subtract the depth to the top of the water column from the total well depth (or gauged well depth if silting has occurred). The total well depth depends on the well construction. If gauged well depth is used due to silting, report total well depth also. Some wells may be drilled in areas of sinkhole, karst formations or rock leaving an open borehole. Attempt to find the total borehole depth in cases where there is an open borehole below the cased portion. e.) Well Water Volume - Calculate the total volume of water, in gallons, in the well using the following equation: V = (0.041)d x d x h Where: V = volume in gallons d = well diameter in inches h = height of the water column in feet The total volume of water in the well may also be determined with the following equation by using a casing volume per foot factor (Gallons per Foot of Water) for the appropriate diameter well: V = [Gallons per Foot of Water] x h Where: V = volume in gallons h = height of the water column in feet Record all measurements and calculations in the field records. f.) Purging Equipment Volume - Calculate the total volume of the pump, associated tubing and flow cell (if used), using the following equation: V = p + ((0.041)d x d x l) + fc Where: V = volume in gallons p = volume of pump in gallons d = tubing diameter in inches l = length of tubing in feet Rev 4-08 18 fc = volume of flow cell in gallons g.) If the groundwater elevation data are to be used to construct groundwater elevation contour maps, all water level measurements must be taken within the same 24 hour time interval when collecting samples from multiple wells on a site, unless a shorter time period is required. If the site is tidally influenced, complete the water level measurements within the time frame of an incoming or outgoing tide. Well Purging Techniques The selection of the purging technique and equipment is dependent on the hydrogeologic properties of the aquifer, especially depth to groundwater and hydraulic conductivity. a.) Measuring the Purge Volume - The volume of water that is removed during purging must be recorded. Therefore, you must measure the volume during the purging operation. 1. Collect the water in a graduated container and multiply the number of times the container was emptied by the volume of the container, OR 2. Estimate the volume based on pumping rate. This technique may be used only if the pumping rate is constant. Determine the pumping rate by measuring the amount of water that is pumped for a fixed period of time, or use a flow meter. • Calculate the amount of water that is discharged per minute: D = Measured Amount/Total Time In Minutes • Calculate the time needed to purge one (1) well volume or one (1) purging equipment volume: Time = V/D Where: V = well volume or purging equipment volume D = discharge rate • Make new measurements each time the pumping rate is changed. 3. Use a totalizing flow meter. • Record the reading on the totalizer prior to purging. • Record the reading on the totalizer at the end of purging. • To obtain the volume purged, subtract the reading on the totalizer prior to purging from the reading on the totalizer at the end of purging. • Record the times that purging begins and ends in the field records. b.) Purging Measurement Frequency - When purging a well that has the well screen fully submerged and the pump or intake tubing is placed within the well casing above the well screen or open hole, purge a minimum of one (1) well volume prior to collecting measurements of the field parameters. Allow at least one quarter (1/4) well volume to purge between subsequent measurements. When purging a well that has the pump or intake tubing placed within a fully submerged well screen or open hole, purge until the water level has stabilized (well recovery rate equals the purge rate), then purge a minimum of one (1) volume of the pump, associated tubing and flow cell (if used) prior to collecting measurements of the field parameters. Take measurements of the field parameters no sooner than two (2) to three (3) minutes apart. Purge at least Rev 4-08 19 three (3) volumes of the pump, associated tubing and flow cell, if used, prior to collecting a sample. When purging a well that has a partially submerged well screen, purge a minimum of one (1) well volume prior to collecting measurements of the field parameters. Take measurements of the field parameters no sooner than two (2) to three (3) minutes apart. c.) Purging Completion - Wells must be adequately purged prior to sample collection to ensure representation of the aquifer formation water, rather than stagnant well water. This may be achieved by purging three volumes from the well or by satisfying any one of the following three purge completion criteria: 1.) Three (3) consecutive measurements in which the three (3) parameters listed below are within the stated limits, dissolved oxygen is no greater than 20 percent of saturation at the field measured temperature, and turbidity is no greater than 20 Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTUs). • Temperature: + 0.2° C • pH: + 0.2 Standard Units • Specific Conductance: + 5.0% of reading Document and report the following, as applicable. The last four items only need to be submitted once: • Purging rate. • Drawdown in the well, if any. • A description of the process and the data used to design the well. • The equipment and procedure used to install the well. • The well development procedure. • Pertinent lithologic or hydrogeologic information. 2.) If it is impossible to get dissolved oxygen at or below 20 percent of saturation at the field measured temperature or turbidity at or below 20 NTUs, then three (3) consecutive measurements of temperature, pH, specific conductance and the parameter(s) dissolved oxygen and/or turbidity that do not meet the requirements above must be within the limits below. The measurements are: • Temperature: + 0.2° C • pH: + 0.2 Standard Units • Specific Conductance: + 5.0% of reading • Dissolved Oxygen: + 0.2 mg/L or 10%, whichever is greater • Turbidity: + 5 NTUs or 10%, whichever is greater Additionally, document and report the following, as applicable, except that the last four(4) items only need to be submitted once: • Purging rate. • Drawdown in the well, if any. • A description of conditions at the site that may cause the dissolved oxygen to be high and/or dissolved oxygen measurements made within the screened or open hole portion of the well with a downhole dissolved oxygen probe. Rev 4-08 20 • A description of conditions at the site that may cause the turbidity to be high and any procedures that will be used to minimize turbidity in the future. • A description of the process and the data used to design the well. • The equipment and procedure used to install the well. • The well development procedure. • Pertinent lithologic or hydrogeologic information. 3.) If after five (5) well volumes, three (3) consecutive measurements of the field parameters temperature, pH, specific conductance, dissolved oxygen, and turbidity are not within the limits stated above, check the instrument condition and calibration, purging flow rate and all tubing connections to determine if they might be affecting the ability to achieve stable measurements. It is at the discretion of the consultant/contractor whether or not to collect a sample or to continue purging. Further, the report in which the data are submitted must include the following, as applicable. The last four (4) items only need to be submitted once. • Purging rate. • Drawdown in the well, if any. • A description of conditions at the site that may cause the Dissolved Oxygen to be high and/or Dissolved Oxygen measurements made within the screened or open hole portion of the well with a downhole dissolved oxygen probe. • A description of conditions at the site that may cause the turbidity to be high and any procedures that will be used to minimize turbidity in the future. • A description of the process and the data used to design the well. • The equipment and procedure used to install the well. • The well development procedure. • Pertinent lithologic or hydrogeologic information. If wells have previously and consistently purged dry, and the current depth to groundwater indicates that the well will purge dry during the current sampling event, minimize the amount of water removed from the well by using the same pump to purge and collect the sample: • Place the pump or tubing intake within the well screened interval. • Use very small diameter Teflon, polyethylene or PP tubing and the smallest possible pump chamber volume. This will minimize the total volume of water pumped from the well and reduce drawdown. • Select tubing that is thick enough to minimize oxygen transfer through the tubing walls while pumping. Rev 4-08 21 • Pump at the lowest possible rate (100 mL/minute or less) to reduce drawdown to a minimum. • Purge at least two (2) volumes of the pumping system (pump, tubing and flow cell, if used). • Measure pH, specific conductance, temperature, dissolved oxygen and turbidity, then begin to collect the samples. Collect samples immediately after purging is complete. The time period between completing the purge and sampling cannot exceed six hours. If sample collection does not occur within one hour of purging completion, re-measure the five field parameters: temperature, pH, specific conductance, dissolved oxygen and turbidity, just prior to collecting the sample. If the measured values are not within 10 percent of the previous measurements, re-purge the well. The exception is “dry” wells. d.) Lanyards 1. Securely fasten lanyards, if used, to any downhole equipment (bailers, pumps, etc.). 2. Use bailer lanyards in such a way that they do not touch the ground surface. Wells Without Plumbing a.) Tubing/Pump Placement 1. If attempting to minimize the volume of purge water, position the intake hose or pump at the midpoint of the screened or open hole interval. 2. If monitoring well conditions do not allow minimizing of the purge water volume, position the pump or intake hose near the top of the water column. This will ensure that all stagnant water in the casing is removed. 3. If the well screen or borehole is partially submerged, and the pump will be used for both purging and sampling, position the pump midway between the measured water level and the bottom of the screen. Otherwise, position the pump or intake hose near the top of the water column. b.) Non-dedicated (portable) pumps 1. Variable Speed Peristaltic Pump • Wear sampling gloves to position the decontaminated pump and tubing. • Attach a short section of tubing to the discharge side of the pump and into a graduated container. • Attach one end of a length of new or precleaned tubing to the pump head flexible hose. • Place the tubing as described in one of the options listed above. • Change gloves before beginning to purge. • Measure the depth to groundwater at frequent intervals. • Record these measurements. • Adjust the purging rate so that it is equivalent to the well recovery rate to minimize drawdown. Rev 4-08 22 • If the purging rate exceeds the well recovery rate, reduce the pumping rate to balance the withdrawal rate with the recharge rate. • If the water table continues to drop during pumping, lower the tubing at the approximate rate of drawdown so that water is removed from the top of the water column. • Record the purging rate each time the rate changes. • Measure the purge volume. • Record this measurement. • Decontaminate the pump and tubing between wells (see Appendix C) or if precleaned tubing is used for each well, only the pump. 2. Variable Speed Centrifugal Pump • Position fuel powered equipment downwind and at least 10 feet from the well head. Make sure that the exhaust faces downwind. • Wear sampling gloves to position the decontaminated pump and tubing. • Place the decontaminated suction hose so that water is always pumped from the top of the water column. • Change gloves before beginning to purge. • Equip the suction hose with a foot valve to prevent purge water from re-entering the well. • Measure the depth to groundwater at frequent intervals. • Record these measurements. • To minimize drawdown, adjust the purging rate so that it is equivalent to the well recovery rate. • If the purging rate exceeds the well recovery rate, reduce the pumping rate to balance the withdrawal rate with the recharge rate. • If the water table continues to drop during pumping, lower the tubing at the approximate rate of drawdown so that the water is removed from the top of the water column. • Record the purging rate each time the rate changes. • Measure the purge volume. • Record this measurement. • Decontaminate the pump and tubing between wells or if precleaned tubing is used for each well, only the pump. 3. Variable Speed Electric Submersible Pump • Position fuel powered equipment downwind and at least 10 feet from the well head. Make sure that the exhaust faces downwind. • Wear sampling gloves to position the decontaminated pump and tubing. • Carefully position the decontaminated pump. Rev 4-08 23 • Change gloves before beginning to purge. • Measure the depth to groundwater at frequent intervals. • Record these measurements. • To minimize drawdown, adjust the purging rate so that it is equivalent to the well recovery rate. • If the purging rate exceeds the well recovery rate, reduce the pumping rate to balance the withdrawal rate with the recharge rate. • If the water table continues to drop during pumping, lower the tubing or pump at the approximate rate of drawdown so that water is removed from the top of the water column. • Record the purging rate each time the rate changes. • Measure the purge volume. • Record this measurement. • Decontaminate the pump and tubing between wells or only the pump if precleaned tubing is used for each well. 4. Variable Speed Bladder Pump • Position fuel powered equipment downwind and at least 10 feet from the well head. Make sure that the exhaust faces downwind. • Wear sampling gloves to position the decontaminated pump and tubing. • Attach the tubing and carefully position the pump. • Change gloves before beginning purging. • Measure the depth to groundwater at frequent intervals. • Record these measurements. • To minimize drawdown, adjust the purging rate so that it is equivalent to the well recovery rate. • If the purging rate exceeds the well recovery rate, reduce the pumping rate to balance the withdrawal rate with the recharge rate. • If the water table continues to drop during pumping, lower the tubing or pump at the approximate rate of drawdown so that water is removed from the top of the water column. • Record the purging rate each time the rate changes. • Measure the purge volume. • Record this measurement. • Decontaminate the pump and tubing between wells or if precleaned tubing is used for each well, only the pump. c.) Dedicated Portable Pumps 1. Variable Speed Electric Submersible Pump • Position fuel powered equipment downwind and at least 10 feet from the well head. Make sure that the exhaust faces downwind. • Wear sampling gloves. Rev 4-08 24 • Measure the depth to groundwater at frequent intervals. • Record these measurements. • Adjust the purging rate so that it is equivalent to the well recovery rate to minimize drawdown. • If the purging rate exceeds the well recovery rate, reduce the pumping rate to balance the withdraw with the recharge rate. • Record the purging rate each time the rate changes. • Measure the purge volume. • Record this measurement. 2. Variable Speed Bladder Pump • Position fuel powered equipment downwind and at least 10 feet from the well head. Make sure that the exhaust faces downwind. • Wear sampling gloves. • Measure the depth to groundwater at frequent intervals. • Record these measurements. • Adjust the purging rate so that it is equivalent to the well recovery rate to minimize drawdown. • If the purging rate exceeds the well recovery rate, reduce the pumping rate to balance the withdraw with the recharge rate. • Record the purging rate each time the rate changes. • Measure the purge volume. • Record this measurement. 3. Bailers - Using bailers for purging is not recommended unless care is taken to use proper bailing technique, or if free product is present in the well or suspected to be in the well. • Minimize handling the bailer as much as possible. • Wear sampling gloves. • Remove the bailer from its protective wrapping just before use. • Attach a lanyard of appropriate material. • Use the lanyard to move and position the bailer. • Lower and retrieve the bailer slowly and smoothly. • Lower the bailer carefully into the well to a depth approximately a foot above the water column. • When the bailer is in position, lower the bailer into the water column at a rate of 2 cm/sec until the desired depth is reached. • Do not lower the top of the bailer more than one (1) foot below the top of the water table so that water is removed from the top of the water column. • Allow time for the bailer to fill with aquifer water as it descends into the water column. Rev 4-08 25 • Carefully raise the bailer. Retrieve the bailer at the same rate of 2 cm/sec until the bottom of the bailer has cleared to top of the water column. • Measure the purge volume. • Record the volume of the bailer. • Continue to carefully lower and retrieve the bailer as described above until the purging is considered complete, based on either the removal of 3 well volumes. • Remove at least one (1) well volume before collecting measurements of the field parameters. Take each subsequent set of measurements after removing at least one quarter (1/4) well volume between measurements. Groundwater Sampling Techniques a.) Purge wells. b.) Replace protective covering around the well if it is soiled or torn after completing purging operations. c.) Equipment Considerations 1. The following pumps are approved to collect volatile organic samples: • Stainless steel and Teflon variable speed submersible pumps • Stainless steel and Teflon or polyethylene variable speed bladder pumps • Permanently installed PVC bodied pumps (As long as the pump remains in contact with the water in the well at all times) 2. Collect sample from the sampling device and store in sample container. Do not use intermediate containers. 3. To avoid contamination or loss of analytes from the sample, handle sampling equipment as little as possible and minimize equipment exposure to the sample. 4. To reduce chances of cross-contamination, use dedicated equipment whenever possible. “Dedicated” is defined as equipment that is to be used solely for one location for the life of that equipment (e.g., permanently mounted pump). Purchase dedicated equipment with the most sensitive analyte of interest in mind. • Clean or make sure dedicated pumps are clean before installation. They do not need to be cleaned prior to each use, but must be cleaned if they are withdrawn for repair or servicing. • Clean or make sure any permanently mounted tubing is clean before installation. • Change or clean tubing when the pump is withdrawn for servicing. • Clean any replaceable or temporary parts. Rev 4-08 26 • Collect equipment blanks on dedicated pumping systems when the tubing is cleaned or replaced. • Clean or make sure dedicated bailers are clean before placing them into the well. • Collect an equipment blank on dedicated bailers before introducing them into the water column. • Suspend dedicated bailers above the water column if they are stored in the well. Sampling Wells Without Plumbing a.) Sampling with Pumps – The following pumps may be used to sample for organics: • Peristaltic pumps • Stainless steel, Teflon or polyethylene bladder pumps • Variable speed stainless steel and Teflon submersible pumps 1. Peristaltic Pump • Volatile Organics: One of three methods may be used. Remove the drop tubing from the inlet side of the pump; submerge the drop tubing into the water column; prevent the water in the tubing from flowing back into the well; remove the drop tubing from the well; carefully allow the groundwater to drain into the sample vials; avoid turbulence; do not aerate the sample; repeat steps until enough vials are filled. OR Use the pump to fill the drop tubing; quickly remove the tubing from the pump; prevent the water in the tubing from flowing back into the well; remove the drop tubing from the well; carefully allow the groundwater to drain into the sample vials; avoid turbulence; do not aerate the sample; repeat steps until enough vials are filled. OR Use the pump to fill the drop tubing; withdraw the tubing from the well; reverse the flow on the peristaltic pumps to deliver the sample into the vials at a slow, steady rate; repeat steps until enough vials are filled. • Extractable Organics: If delivery tubing is not polyethylene or PP, or is not Teflon lined, use pump and vacuum trap method. Connect the outflow tubing from the container to the influent side of the peristaltic pump. Turn pump on and reduce flow until smooth and even. Discard a Rev 4-08 27 small portion of the sample to allow for air space. Preserve (if required), label, and complete field notes. • Inorganic samples: These samples may be collected from the effluent tubing. If samples are collected from the pump, decontaminate all tubing (including the tubing in the head) or change it between wells. Preserve (if required), label, and complete field notes. 2. Variable Speed Bladder Pump • If sampling for organics, the pump body must be constructed of stainless steel and the valves and bladder must be Teflon. All tubing must be Teflon, polyethylene, or PP and any cabling must be sealed in Teflon, polyethylene or PP, or made of stainless steel. • After purging to a smooth even flow, reduce the flow rate. • When sampling for volatile organic compounds, reduce the flow rate to 100-200mL/minute, if possible. 3. Variable Speed Submersible Pump • The housing must be stainless steel. • If sampling for organics, the internal impellers, seals and gaskets must be constructed of stainless steel, Teflon, polyethylene or PP. The delivery tubing must be Teflon, polyethylene or PP; the electrical cord must be sealed in Teflon; any cabling must be sealed in Teflon or constructed of stainless steel. • After purging to a smooth even flow, reduce the flow rate. • When sampling for volatile organic compounds, reduce the flow rate to 100-200mL/minute, if possible. b.) Sampling with Bailers - A high degree of skill and coordination are necessary to collect representative samples with a bailer. 1. General Considerations • Minimize handling of bailer as much as possible. • Wear sampling gloves. • Remove bailer from protective wrapping just before use. • Attach a lanyard of appropriate material. • Use the lanyard to move and position the bailers. • Do not allow bailer or lanyard to touch the ground. • If bailer is certified precleaned, no rinsing is necessary. • If both a pump and a bailer are to be used to collect samples, rinse the exterior and interior of the bailer with sample water from the pump before removing the pump. • If the purge pump is not appropriate for collecting samples (e.g., non-inert components), rinse the bailer by collecting a single bailer of the groundwater to be sampled. • Discard the water appropriately. Rev 4-08 28 • Do not rinse the bailer if Oil and Grease samples are to be collected. 2. Bailing Technique • Collect all samples that are required to be collected with a pump before collecting samples with the bailer. • Raise and lower the bailer gently to minimize stirring up particulate matter in the well and the water column, which can increase sample turbidity. • Lower the bailer carefully into the well to a depth approximately a foot above the water column. When the bailer is in position, lower the bailer into the water column at a rate of 2 cm/sec until the desired depth is reached. • Do not lower the top of the bailer more than one foot below the top of the water table, so that water is removed from the top of the water column. • Allow time for the bailer to fill with aquifer water as it descends into the water column. • Do not allow the bailer to touch the bottom of the well or particulate matter will be incorporated into the sample. Carefully raise the bailer. Retrieve the bailer at the same rate of 2 cm/sec until the bottom of the bailer has cleared to top of the water column. • Lower the bailer to approximately the same depth each time. • Collect the sample. Install a device to control the flow from the bottom of the bailer and discard the first few inches of water. Fill the appropriate sample containers by allowing the sample to slowly flow down the side of the container. Discard the last few inches of water in the bailer. • Repeat steps for additional samples. • As a final step measure the DO, pH, temperature, turbidity and specific conductance after the final sample has been collected. Record all measurements and note the time that sampling was completed. c.) Sampling Low Permeability Aquifers or Wells that have Purged Dry 1. Collect the sample(s) after the well has been purged. Minimize the amount of water removed from the well by using the same pump to purge and collect the sample. If the well has purged dry, collect samples as soon as sufficient sample water is available. 2. Measure the five field parameters temperature, pH, specific conductance, dissolved oxygen and turbidity at the time of sample collection. 3. Advise the analytical laboratory and the client that the usual amount of sample for analysis may not be available. Rev 4-08 29 Appendix D - Collecting Samples from Wells with Plumbing in Place In-place plumbing is generally considered permanent equipment routinely used for purposes other than purging and sampling, such as for water supply. a.) Air Strippers or Remedial Systems - These types of systems are installed as remediation devices. Collect influent and effluent samples from air stripping units as described below. 1. Remove any tubing from the sampling port and flush for one to two minutes. 2. Remove all hoses, aerators and filters (if possible). 3. Open the spigot and purge sufficient volume to flush the spigot and lines and until the purging completion criteria have been met. 4. Reduce the flow rate to approximately 500 mL/minute (a 1/8” stream) or approximately 0.1 gal/minute before collecting samples. 5. Follow procedures for collecting samples from water supply wells as outlined below. b.) Water Supply Wells – Water supply wells with in-place plumbing do not require equipment to be brought to the well to purge and sample. Water supply wells at UST facilities must be sampled for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and semivolatile compounds (SVOCs). 1. Procedures for Sampling Water Supply Wells • Label sample containers prior to sample collection. • Prepare the storage and transport containers (ice chest, etc.) before taking any samples so each collected sample can be placed in a chilled environment immediately after collection. • You must choose the tap closest to the well, preferably at the wellhead. The tap must be before any holding or pressurization tank, water softener, ion exchange, disinfection process or before the water line enters the residence, office or building. If no tap fits the above conditions, a new tap that does must be installed. • The well pump must not be lubricated with oil, as that may contaminate the samples. • The sampling tap must be protected from exterior contamination associated with being too close to a sink bottom or to the ground. If the tap is too close to the ground for direct collection into the appropriate container, it is acceptable to use a smaller (clean) container to transfer the sample to a larger container. • Leaking taps that allow water to discharge from around the valve stem handle and down the outside of the faucet, or taps in which water tends to run up on the outside of the lip, are to be avoided as sampling locations. Rev 4-08 30 • Disconnect any hoses, filters, or aerators attached to the tap before sampling. • Do not sample from a tap close to a gas pump. The gas fumes could contaminate the sample. 2. Collecting Volatile Organic Samples • Equipment Needed: VOC sample vials [40 milliliters, glass, may contain 3 to 4 drops of hydrochloric acid (HCl) as preservative]; Disposable gloves and protective goggles; Ice chest/cooler; Ice; Packing materials (sealable plastic bags, bubble wrap, etc.); and Lab forms. • Sampling Procedure: Run water from the well for at least 15 minutes. If the well is deep, run water longer (purging three well volumes is best). If tap or spigot is located directly before a holding tank, open a tap after the holding tank to prevent any backflow into the tap where you will take your sample. This will ensure that the water you collect is “fresh” from the well and not from the holding tank. After running the water for at least 15 minutes, reduce the flow of water. The flow should be reduced to a trickle but not so slow that it begins to drip. A smooth flow of water will make collection easier and more accurate. Remove the cap of a VOC vial and hold the vial under the stream of water to fill it. Be careful not to spill any acid that is in the vial. For best results use a low flow of water and angle the vial slightly so that the water runs down the inside of the vial. This will help keep the sample from being agitated, aerated or splashed out of the vial. It will also increase the accuracy of the sample. As the vial fills and is almost full, turn the vial until it is straight up and down so the water won’t spill out. Fill the vial until the water is just about to spill over the lip of the vial. The surface of the water sample should become mounded. It is a good idea not to overfill the vial, especially if an acid preservative is present in the vial. Carefully replace and screw the cap onto the vial. Some water may overflow as the cap is put on. After the cap is secure, turn the vial upside down and gently tap the vial to see if any bubbles are present. If bubbles are present in the vial, remove the cap, add more water and check again to see if bubbles are present. Repeat as necessary. After two samples without bubbles have been collected, the samples should be labeled and prepared for shipment. Store samples at 4° C. Rev 4-08 31 3. Collecting Extractable Organic and/or Metals Samples • Equipment Needed: SVOC sample bottle [1 liter, amber glass] and/or Metals sample bottle [0.5 liter, polyethylene or glass, 5 milliliters of nitric acid (HNO3) preservative]; Disposable gloves and protective goggles; Ice Chest/Cooler; Ice; Packing materials (sealable plastic bags, bubble wrap, etc.); and Lab forms. • Sampling Procedure: Run water from the well for at least 15 minutes. If the well is deep, run the water longer (purging three well volumes is best). If tap or spigot is located directly before a holding tank, open a tap after the holding tank to prevent any backflow into the tap where you will take your sample. This will ensure that the water you collect is “fresh” from the well and not from the holding tank. After running the water for at least 15 minutes, reduce the flow. Low water flow makes collection easier and more accurate. Remove the cap of a SVOC or metals bottle and hold it under the stream of water to fill it. The bottle does not have to be completely filled (i.e., you can leave an inch or so of headspace in the bottle). After filling, screw on the cap, label the bottle and prepare for shipment. Store samples at 4° C. Rev 4-08 32 Appendix E - Collecting Surface Water Samples The following topics include 1.) acceptable equipment selection and equipment construction materials and 2.) standard grab, depth-specific and depth-composited surface water sampling techniques. Facilities which contain or border small rivers, streams or branches should include surface water sampling as part of the monitoring program for each sampling event. A simple procedure for selecting surface water monitoring sites is to locate a point on a stream where drainage leaves the site. This provides detection of contamination through, and possibly downstream of, site via discharge of surface waters. The sampling points selected should be downstream from any waste areas. An upstream sample should be obtained in order to determine water quality upstream of the influence of the site. a.) General Cautions 1. When using watercraft take samples near the bow away and upwind from any gasoline outboard engine. Orient watercraft so that bow is positioned in the upstream direction. 2. When wading, collect samples upstream from the body. Avoid disturbing sediments in the immediate area of sample collection. 3. Collect water samples prior to taking sediment samples when obtaining both from the same area (site). 4. Unless dictated by permit, program or order, sampling at or near man- made structures (e.g., dams, weirs or bridges) may not provide representative data because of unnatural flow patterns. 5. Collect surface water samples from downstream towards upstream. b.) Equipment and Supplies - Select equipment based on the analytes of interest, specific use, and availability. c.) Surface Water Sampling Techniques - Adhere to all general protocols applicable to aqueous sampling when following the surface water sampling procedures addressed below. 1. Manual Sampling: Use manual sampling for collecting grab samples for immediate in-situ field analyses. Use manual sampling in lieu of automatic equipment over extended periods of time for composite sampling, especially when it is necessary to observe and/or note unusual conditions. • Surface Grab Samples - Do not use sample containers containing premeasured amounts of preservatives to collect grab samples. If the sample matrix is homogeneous, then the grab method is a simple and effective technique for collection purposes. If homogeneity is not apparent, based on flow or vertical variations (and should never be assumed), then use other collection protocols. Where practical, use the actual sample container submitted to the laboratory for collecting samples to be analyzed for oil and grease, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and microbiological samples. This procedure eliminates the possibility of contaminating the sample with an intermediate collection container. The use of Rev 4-08 33 unpreserved sample containers as direct grab samplers is encouraged since the same container can be submitted for laboratory analysis after appropriate preservation. This procedure reduces sample handling and eliminates potential contamination from other sources (e.g., additional sampling equipment, environment, etc.). 1. Grab directly into sample container. 2. Slowly submerge the container, opening neck first, into the water. 3. Invert the bottle so the neck is upright and pointing towards the direction of water flow (if applicable). Allow water to run slowly into the container until filled. 4. Return the filled container quickly to the surface. 5. Pour out a few mL of sample away from and downstream of the sampling location. This procedure allows for the addition of preservatives and sample expansion. Do not use this step for volatile organics or other analytes where headspace is not allowed in the sample container. 6. Add preservatives, securely cap container, label, and complete field notes. If sample containers are attached to a pole via a clamp, submerge the container and follow steps 3 – 5 but omit steps 1 and 2. • Sampling with an Intermediate Vessel or Container: If the sample cannot be collected directly into the sample container to be submitted to the laboratory, or if the laboratory provides prepreserved sample containers, use an unpreserved sample container or an intermediate vessel (e.g., beakers, buckets or dippers) to obtain the sample. These vessels must be constructed appropriately, including any poles or extension arms used to access the sample location. 1. Rinse the intermediate vessel with ample amounts of site water prior to collecting the first sample. 2. Collect the sample as outlined above using the intermediate vessel. 3. Use pole mounted containers of appropriate construction to sample at distances away from shore, boat, etc. Follow the protocols above to collect samples. • Peristaltic Pump and Tubing: The most portable pump for this technique is a 12 volt peristaltic pump. Use appropriately precleaned, silastic tubing in the pump head and attach polyethylene, Tygon, etc. tubing to the pump. This technique is not acceptable for Oil and Grease, EPH, VPH or VOCs. Extractable organics can be collected through the pump if flexible interior-wall Teflon, polyethylene or PP tubing is used in the pump head or if used with the organic trap setup. Rev 4-08 34 1. Lower appropriately precleaned tubing to a depth of 6 – 12 inches below water surface, where possible. 2. Pump 3 – 5 tube volumes through the system to acclimate the tubing before collecting the first sample. 3. Fill individual sample bottles via the discharge tubing. Be careful not to remove the inlet tubing from the water. 4. Add preservatives, securely cap container, label, and complete field notes. • Mid-Depth Grab Samples: Mid-depth samples or samples taken at a specific depth can approximate the conditions throughout the entire water column. The equipment that may be used for this type of sampling consists of the following depth-specific sampling devices: Kemmerer, Niskin, Van Dorn type, etc. You may also use pumps with tubing or double check-valve bailers. Certain construction material details may preclude its use for certain analytes. Many Kemmerer samplers are constructed of plastic and rubber that preclude their use for all volatile and extractable organic sampling. Some newer devices are constructed of stainless steel or are all Teflon or Teflon-coated. These are acceptable for all analyte groups without restriction. 1. Measure the water column to determine maximum depth and sampling depth prior to lowering the sampling device. 2. Mark the line attached to the sampler with depth increments so that the sampling depth can be accurately recorded. 3. Lower the sampler slowly to the appropriate sampling depth, taking care not to disturb the sediments. 4. At the desired depth, send the messenger weight down to trip the closure mechanism. 5. Retrieve the sampler slowly. 6. Rinse the sampling device with ample amounts of site water prior to collecting the first sample. Discard rinsate away from and downstream of the sampling location. 7. Fill the individual sample bottles via the discharge tube. • Double Check-Valve Bailers: Collect samples using double check- valve bailers if the data requirements do not necessitate a sample from a strictly discrete interval of the water column. Bailers with an upper and lower check-valve can be lowered through the water column. Water will continually be displaced through the bailer until the desired depth is reached, at which point the bailer is retrieved. Sampling with this type of bailer must follow the same protocols outlined above, except that a messenger weight is not applicable. Although not designed specifically for this kind of sampling, a bailer is acceptable when a mid-depth sample is required Rev 4-08 35 1. As the bailer is dropped through the water column, water is displaced through the body of the bailer. The degree of displacement depends upon the check-valve ball movement to allow water to flow freely through the bailer body. 2. Slowly lower the bailer to the appropriate depth. Upon retrieval, the two check valves seat, preventing water from escaping or entering the bailer. 3. Rinse the sampling device with ample amounts of site water prior to collecting the first sample. 4. Fill the individual sample bottles via the discharge tube. Sample bottles must be handled as described above. • Peristaltic Pump and Tubing: The most portable pump for this technique is a 12 volt peristaltic pump. Use appropriately precleaned, silastic tubing in the pump head and attach HDPE, Tygon, etc. tubing to the pump. This technique is not acceptable for Oil and Grease, EPH, VPH or VOCs. Extractable organics can be collected through the pump if flexible interior-wall Teflon, polyethylene or PP tubing is used in the pump head, or if used with an organic trap setup. 1. Measure the water column to determine the maximum depth and the sampling depth. 2. Tubing will need to be tied to a stiff pole or be weighted down so the tubing placement will be secure. Do not use a lead weight. Any dense, non-contaminating, non- interfering material will work (brick, stainless steel weight, etc.). Tie the weight with a lanyard (braided or monofilament nylon, etc.) so that it is located below the inlet of the tubing. 3. Turn the pump on and allow several tubing volumes of water to be discharged before collecting the first sample. 4. Fill the individual sample bottles via the discharge tube. Sample bottles must be handled as described above. Rev 4-08 36 PREPARED FOR: WILKES COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF SOLID WASTE 9219 ELKIN HIGHWAY ROARING RIVER, NORTH CAROLINA 28669 LANDFILL GAS MONITORING PLAN ROARING RIVER LANDFILL WILKES COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA PERMIT NO. 97-04 DECEMBER 2015 Prepared by: 2211 WEST MEADOWVIEW ROAD, SUITE 101 GREENSBORO, NORTH CAROLINA 27407 PHONE: (336) 323-0092 FAX: (336) 323-0093 WWW.JOYCEENGINEERING.COM JOYCE PROJECT NO. 356 NORTH CAROLINA CORPORATE LIC: C-0782 Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan Joyce Engineering, Inc. Wilkes County Roaring River Landfill, Permit No. 97-04 December 2015 i LANDFILL GAS MONITORING PLAN Roaring River Landfill Permit No. 97-04 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................1 1.1 Background .......................................................................................................................1 1.2 Site Geology and Hydrogeology .......................................................................................1 1.3 Regulatory Limits .............................................................................................................2 2.0 LANDFILL GAS MONITORING ...................................................................................2 2.1 Landfill Gas Monitoring Network ....................................................................................3 2.2 Structure and Ambient Sampling ......................................................................................3 2.3 Landfill Gas Monitoring Frequency .................................................................................4 3.0 LANDFILL GAS SAMPLING PROCEDURES..............................................................4 3.1 Detection Equipment ........................................................................................................4 3.2 Landfill Gas Sampling Procedure .....................................................................................4 4.0 RECORD KEEPING AND REPORTING .......................................................................5 4.1 Landfill Gas Monitoring Data Form .................................................................................5 4.2 Sampling Reports ..............................................................................................................5 4.3 Permanent Record Keeping ..............................................................................................5 5.0 CONTINGENCY PLAN ..................................................................................................5 6.0 REFERENCES .................................................................................................................6 Drawings Drawing No. 1 Potentiometric Surface Contour Map Drawing No. 2 Landfill Gas Monitoring Locations Appendices Appendix 1 Solid Waste Section – Landfill Gas Monitoring Guidance Appendix 2 Landfill Gas Monitoring Data Form Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan Joyce Engineering, Inc. Wilkes County Roaring River Landfill, Permit No. 97-04 December 2015 1 1.0 INTRODUCTION This Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan (LGMP) will serve as a guidance document for collecting and monitoring of landfill gas at the Wilkes County Roaring River Landfill. Landfill gas will be monitored quarterly to ensure that methane does not exceed the regulatory limit at the facility boundary or in facility structures. The LGMP was prepared in accordance with the rules written in 15A NCAC 13B .1626, Operational Requirements for municipal solid waste landfill (MSWLF) facilities, to assure performance standards are met and to protect public health and the environment. 1.1 Background The Wilkes County Roaring River Landfill is owned and operated by Wilkes County under Permit No. 97-04. The landfill property is located near the town of Roaring River, North Carolina. The site is located on a group of knolls rising over 150 feet above the floodplain of the Yadkin River. The approximately 145-acre site was originally investigated for suitability as a solid waste management facility in 1989 by Westinghouse Environmental and Geotechnical Services, Inc. (Westinghouse). Additional site characterization work was performed at the site in 1990 and 1991 by Municipal Engineering Services, P.A., during preparation of the Construction Plan Application for the Phase 1 cell, in accordance with expected revisions to the North Carolina Solid Waste Management Rules (NCSWMR) in response to Subtitle D regulations. This cell, which occupies approximately 11.7 acres of the facility, began accepting waste in 1993 and reached final capacity in 1999. An Application for Permit to Construct submitted by Joyce Engineering, Inc. (JOYCE) was completed in December 1998 for the 7.3 acre Phase 2 disposal area, which reached final capacity in July 2006. An Application for Permit to Construct for the 6.6 acres Phase 3 was completed by JOYCE in May 2004 and construction was completed January 2006. January 2011 JOYCE submitted an Application for Permit to Construct for the Phase 4 Vertical Expansion of Phase 3. The Section issued Permit to Operate the Phase 4 vertical expansion on January 20, 2012. 1.2 Site Geology and Hydrogeology The site is located at the boundary of the Inner Piedmont Belt and Blue Ridge Belt in the Brevard Fault Zone. The Brevard Zone is a five-mile wide, east-northeast trending fault zone with a complex structural and metamorphic history. Finely interlayered gneiss and schist within the zone are amphibolite facies, with peak metamorphism as high as the kyanite zone for pelitic assemblages. Typically, the more highly-strained and faulted parts of the zone have experienced retrograde metamorphism to greenschist facies. Rocks in the Brevard Zone have undergone various degrees of both ductile and brittle deformation. Espenshade and others mapped four continuous faults that either bound the zone or separate rock units consistently over long distances. These faults contain both mylonitic and cataclastic rock, and exhibit the greatest degree of retrograde metamorphism. Two of these faults cross on or near the site. Bedrock at the site and in the Brevard Zone generally is more highly fractured than rock typical of most Piedmont and Mountain sites. Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan Joyce Engineering, Inc. Wilkes County Roaring River Landfill, Permit No. 97-04 December 2015 2 Surface water at the site flows to the south-southwest in three site drainages to the Yadkin River, which borders the southeastern facility boundary. Regional groundwater flow in the vicinity of the facility is also generally to the south-southwest and discharges to the Yadkin River. Groundwater beneath the site flows in two interconnected aquifers, a surficial aquifer and a fractured bedrock aquifer. Most of the groundwater flowing in these aquifers discharges either to the alluvial sediment of the Yadkin River floodplain or to the lowermost reaches of the three site surface drainages before reaching the river. The uppermost aquifer is unconfined and includes both saprolite and fractured bedrock, which are strongly connected. Groundwater flow is generally to the south-southwest. Hydraulic conductivities (K) were based on slug test values from the Design Hydrogeologic Report submitted in April 2004. An effective porosity of 16% was used to estimate average linear groundwater flow velocities. Linear groundwater flow velocities for wells screened in saprolite were computed using the following modified Darcy equation: V = Ki/ne where V = average linear velocity (feet per day), K = hydraulic conductivity (ft/day), i = horizontal hydraulic gradient, and ne = effective porosity. Estimated linear groundwater flow velocity at this site is approximately 0.25 ft/day based on groundwater elevation data from the October 2015 groundwater monitoring event and the Potentiometric Surface Contour Map provided in Drawing No. 1. The linear velocity equation and resulting rates make the simplified assumptions of a homogeneous and isotropic aquifer. This equation can over-estimate velocities when applied to heterogeneous and/or anisotropic conditions such as are believed to exist at this site. The regolith and fractured bedrock common in Piedmont terrain are characteristically heterogeneous. 1.3 Regulatory Limits This LGMP is designed in accordance with Rule 15A NCAC 13B .1626 to ensure that the concentration of methane gas generated by the facility does not exceed 25 percent of the lower explosive limit (LEL) for methane in facility structures or that the concentration of methane gas does not exceed the LEL for methane at the facility property boundary. The LEL for methane equals 5% by volume at standard temperature and pressure. This LGMP prescribes a routine methane monitoring program to ensure standards are met and actions to be taken if methane concentrations exceed specified limits. 2.0 LANDFILL GAS MONITORING Gas monitoring at the Roaring River Landfill will be performed during the active life of the landfill and throughout the post-closure care period. At a minimum, quarterly monitoring will be conducted at all subsurface gas detection probes and in all structures located on the landfill property. Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan Joyce Engineering, Inc. Wilkes County Roaring River Landfill, Permit No. 97-04 December 2015 3 2.1 Landfill Gas Monitoring Network The locations of the existing network of landfill gas monitoring probes are shown on Drawing No. 2. The network currently consists of 4 probes (GP-1, GP-2, GP-3, and GP-5) installed to a depth below the bottom of waste elevation (approximately 995 feet above mean sea level). GP-4 was destroyed by facility equipment during the summer of 2007, and in March 2008 the SWS approved non-replacement. GP-6 was removed from the monitoring network in July 2011 after it was determined to be shallow to effectively monitor for landfill gas migration as the total probe depth was above bottom of waste. In addition, GP-1 is almost directly downgradient of GP-6 and located on the property line, making GP-1 more suitable to detect potential LFG migration at the property line. GP-7 is currently proposed to be located northeast side of Phases 2 & 3 at an estimated location provided on Drawing No. 2. GP-7 will be installed after the completion of borrow activities in the vicinity and revisions to the facility Erosion and Sediment Control Plan and structures. Additional gas probes will be installed as additional phases are constructed. The probes are constructed of 2-inch schedule-40 PVC pipe with PVC caps fitted with “quick- connect” fittings, a concrete well pad, and a 4-inch x4-inch lockable protective steel casing affixed with an identification plate. A detailed example of a typically constructed LFG probe is included in Appendix 1. Future landfill gas probes will be constructed and installed to the specifications listed in 15A NCAC Subchapter 2C and the Solid Waste Section’s Landfill Gas Monitoring Guidance Document. Monitoring Probe Summary Probe ID Monitoring Status Total Depth (ft) Screen Interval (ft) Depth to GW (ft) Lithology GP-1 Active 3.83 N/A 20 (Estimated) Saprolite GP-2 Active 3.58 N/A 20 (Estimated) Saprolite GP-3 Active 5.00 N/A 20 (Estimated) Saprolite GP-4 Destroyed N/A N/A N/A N/A GP-5 Active 3.83 N/A 45 (Estimated) Saprolite GP-6 Not Monitored 3.92 N/A 80 (Estimated) Saprolite GP-7 Proposed TBD TBD TBD N/A TBD = To be determined based on depth to groundwater, bedrock and/or bottom of waste. N/A = Not available. 2.2 Structure and Ambient Sampling There are currently two structures monitored for explosive gases. The structures include the facility’s scalehouse and maintenance garage/office building. The monitored structures are identified on Drawing No. 2. Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan Joyce Engineering, Inc. Wilkes County Roaring River Landfill, Permit No. 97-04 December 2015 4 2.3 Landfill Gas Monitoring Frequency The landfill gas probes and on-site structures included in this LGMP are monitored at least quarterly in accordance with Rule 15A NCAC 13B .1626(4)(b)(ii). 3.0 LANDFILL GAS SAMPLING PROCEDURES Landfill gas samples will be collected in accordance with Solid Waste Section’s Landfill Gas Monitoring Guidance document. Details of detection equipment and sampling procedure are outline below. 3.1 Detection Equipment A portable combustible gas monitor, measuring the concentration of combustible gases in units of percent of LEL, shall be used to conduct gas monitoring. The LEL (or lower explosive limit) means the lowest percent by volume of a mixture of combustible gas in air that will propagate a flame at 25 degrees Celsius and atmospheric pressure. The gas monitor shall be calibrated to methane using the manufacturer's calibration kit and procedure before the monitoring activities begin. The calibration gas to be used is depends on the expected levels of methane in landfill gas monitoring wells. If low level methane is expected 15% CO2/15% CH4 calibration gas should be used; while if high level methane is expected, 35% CO2/ 50% CH4 calibration gas should be used. Verification that the equipment was calibrated in accordance with the manufacture’s specifications is required. Calibration information must be recorded on the Landfill Gas Monitoring Data Form. 3.2 Landfill Gas Sampling Procedure The portable combustible gas monitor will be turned on and allowed to warm up prior to gas sampling. The static pressure should show a reading of zero before taking the initial sample. The sample tube shall be purged for at least one minute prior to connecting the sample tube to the detection probe; then the initial concentration will be recorded. Gas monitoring will continue until the reading has stabilized. A stable reading is considered to be +/- 0.5% by volume on the instrument’s scale. Once the reading has stabilized for 5 seconds, the reading will be recorded and the tubing will be disconnected from the valve. These steps will be repeated for each landfill gas monitoring well. Gas monitoring in on-site structures will attempt to identify the "worst case" concentrations. The monitoring locations will be in corners along floors and ceilings, at cracks in the floor, and at other areas likely to accumulate gas. Gas monitoring will also be conducted in any confined space requiring the entry of personnel for maintenance or inspection. The monitoring will take place prior to entry by personnel in accordance with OSHA regulations. Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan Joyce Engineering, Inc. Wilkes County Roaring River Landfill, Permit No. 97-04 December 2015 5 4.0 RECORD KEEPING AND REPORTING The landfill gas data will be recorded in accordance to the SWS’s Landfill Gas Monitoring Guidance document included as Appendix 1. The records will be maintained in the landfill operating record. 4.1 Landfill Gas Monitoring Data Form A landfill gas monitoring form is included as Appendix 2. 4.2 Sampling Reports The landfill gas monitoring report will be prepared in accordance with Rule 15A NCAC 13B. The report will describe the method of sampling, the date, time, location, sampling personnel, atmospheric temperature, reported barometric pressure, equipment calibration information, exceptions noted during sampling, and general weather conditions at the time of sampling, in addition to the concentration of combustible gases. 4.3 Permanent Record Keeping A copy of the landfill gas monitoring results and any remediation plans will be maintained in the landfill operating record. The reports will be maintained at the facility or an alternative location near the facility approved by the Division. 5.0 CONTINGENCY PLAN If methane gas levels exceeding the regulatory limits specified in 15A NCAN 13B .1626(4)(a) are detected, the results shall be reported to Wilkes County immediately. The County will notify the NCDEQ, SWS in writing and will take immediate steps to ensure safety and protection of human health. If methane levels exceed the LEL in existing gas probes, the need for additional gas probes will be evaluated, as well as the need for monitoring within any nearby structures in the direction of the gas migration. If the exceedence is in a gas probe not located at or near a property boundary, additional investigation including use of bar-hole probes or temporary gas probes may be implemented to determine whether or not the exceedence extends to the property boundary. If necessary, additional permanent gas probes may be installed between the exceeding probe(s) and the property boundary to demonstrate that the site is in compliance. If the compliance level is exceeded in an on-site structure, options will be evaluated to reduce the current methane levels and to prevent further migration of methane into the structure. At a minimum, the following actions will be taken if the methane concentration exceeds 25% in any structure: • Put out all smoking materials and turn off all ignition sources; Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan Joyce Engineering, Inc. Wilkes County Roaring River Landfill, Permit No. 97-04 December 2015 6 • Evacuate all personnel; • Vent the structure; • Do not allow personnel to reenter the building except to perform gas monitoring until the results of additional monitoring indicate that methane concentrations are sustained or stabilized below 25% LEL; • Begin continuous monitoring within the structure; and • Undertake an assessment to determine the origin and pathways of the gas migration. Within seven days of detection, the monitoring results will be placed in the Operating Record and the County will indicate actions taken and actions proposed to resolve the problem. Within 60 days of detection, the County will develop and implement a landfill gas remediation plan for the combustible gas releases and notify the Division that the plan has been implemented. The plan will describe the nature and extent of the problem and the proposed remedy. 6.0 REFERENCES Brown, Philip M., Chief Geologist, 1985, Geologic Map of North Carolina, The North Carolina Geologic Survey, scale 1:500,000. Espenshade, D.W., Neuman, R.B., G.H., Rankin, and Wier Shaw, K., 1975, Geologic Map of the East Half of the Winston-Salem Quadrangle, North Carolina-Virginia; U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-709-B. Espenshade, G.H., Neuman, R.B., and Rankin, D.W., 1975, Geologic Map of the West Half of the Winston-Salem Quadrangle, North Carolina-Virginia; U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-709-A. Joyce Engineering, Inc., October 2015. Second Semiannual Groundwater Monitoring Report of 2015, Roaring River Landfill, Wilkes County, North Carolina. North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources, 1990-2011, Solid Waste Management Regulations. North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources, November 2010, Landfill Gas Monitoring Guidance. Drawings Drawing No. 1 Potentiometric Surface Contour Map Drawing No. 2 Landfill Gas Monitoring Locations Appendices Appendix 1 Solid Waste Section – Landfill Gas Monitoring Guidance Appendix 2 Landfill Gas Monitoring Data Form Appendix 1 Solid Waste Section – Landfill Gas Monitoring Guidance Appendix 2 Landfill Gas Monitoring Data Form Landfill Gas Monitoring Data Form Facility Name: ____________________ Permit Number: ___________________ Date of Sampling: ____________________ Personnel: ___________________ Gas Monitor Type & Serial No: ____________________ Calibration Date: ___________________ Field Calibration Date & Time: ____________________ Calibration Gas Type: ___________________ General Weather Conditions: ____________________ Barometer : ___________________ Location or LFG GP ID Instr. purged Time Probe Pressure (InWg) Time Pumped (sec.) CH4 (%LEL) CH4 (%Vol) Notes Abbreviations: GP = Gas Probe LEL = Lower Explosive Limit