5001_Jackson_WCU_MSWLF_Oct2024LFG_FID1906825_20241104

November 1, 2024
Mr. Andy Pedonti
Western Carolina University
3476 Old Cullowhee Road
Cullowhee, North Carolina 28723
Subject: Letter Report of October 2024 Landfill Gas Monitoring
WCU Closed Municipal Solid Waste Landfill
Cullowhee, Jackson County, North Carolina
NCDEQ Permit: 50-01
WSP Project US0038902.1096
Dear Mr. Pedonti:
WSP USA Environment & Infrastructure Inc. (WSP) is pleased to present this Letter Report of October 2024 Landfill
Gas Monitoring for Western Carolina University's (WCU's) closed municipal solid waste landfill (MSWLF, Site)
located in Cullowhee, North Carolina (Figure 1). The scope of work for this monitoring event was described in
WSP's Proposal for 2024-2025 Landfill Monitoring Services dated August 12, 2024. This letter report summarizes
background information, field activities, results, discussion and recommendations from landfill gas monitoring
performed at the Site.
Background Information
WCU operated the MSWLF from approximately the 1960s until 1993. Jackson County also disposed of municipal
solid waste at the landfill from approximately the early 1970s through the early 1980s. The landfill property is
approximately 31.5 acres, approximately four acres of which contain the former landfill. The landfill was closed in
accordance with the then applicable North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality (NCDEQ) closure
standards (15A NCAC 13B 0.0510), and a closure letter was issued to WCU by NCDEQ on September 5, 1995.
NCDEQ personnel conducted a facility audit on March 16, 2011 and determined that landfill gas monitoring at the
landfill must be performed in order for the landfill to be in compliance with the post -closure conditions identified
in the 1995 closure letter.
In response to the audit, a Landfill Gas Investigation Work Plan, which described the preliminary landfill gas
investigation, as well as the 'full' landfill gas investigation, was submitted to NCDEQ on October 19, 2011, and
approved by NCDEQ in a letter dated November 29, 2011. WSP conducted the preliminary landfill gas investigation
in January 2012 using existing groundwater monitoring wells, and then conducted semi-annual landfill gas
monitoring utilizing the existing groundwater monitoring wells from August 2012 to November 2015 to comply
with the post -closure conditions. The 'full' landfill gas investigation, which included the installation of eight
permanent landfill gas monitoring wells, was performed in February 2016. Since the 'full' landfill gas investigation
has been implemented, monitoring of landfill gas has been conducted quarterly in accordance with NCDEQ Solid
Waste Management rules (15A NCAC 1313.1626 (b)).
WSP USA Environment & Infrastructure Inc.
1308-C Patton Avenue
Asheville, North Carolina 28806
T: 828-252-8130
North Carolina Corporate Engineering License No. F-1253, Geology No. C-247

Letter Report of October 2024 Landfill Gas Monitoring November 1, 2024
WCU Closed Municipal Solid Waste Landfill, Cullowhee, North Carolina
WSP Project US0038902.1096
Field Activities
On October 25, 2024, WSP personnel measured landfill gas at the eight landfill gas monitoring wells (IG-1, LG-2,
LG-3S, LG-3D, LG-4, LG-5, LG-6 and LG-7) at the Site (Figure 2). The landfill gas monitoring wells are screened in the
unsaturated zone and located between the landfill and the Site's property boundary. The landfill gas monitoring
wells are fitted with a slip cap and ball valve to allow for measurement of potential landfill gas. A calibrated gas
monitoring instrument, a Landtec GEM 5000+, was used to measure atmospheric pressure, as well as the following
landfill gas parameters:
• Methane (percent by volume)
• Oxygen (percent by volume)
• Carbon dioxide (percent by volume)
The initial and stabilized readings for the above parameters were measured and recorded. The Solid Waste
Section's Landfill Gas Monitoring Data Form was used to record measurements and other relevant information and
is attached.
Results and Discussion
The Site landfill gas monitoring wells were tested for methane, carbon dioxide, and oxygen. Refer to the attached
Landfill Gas Monitoring Data Form for the testing results.
Concentrations of methane were not detected in the landfill gas monitoring wells. The regulatory limit for
methane at a MSWLF property boundary is equal to the lower explosive limit of methane (15A NCAC 1313.1627 (d)).
The recorded results from the eight landfill gas wells do not exceed this limit indicating that regulatory limits are
not being exceeded at the Site.
Recommendations
Based on the results of this monitoring event, we recommend submitting a copy of this Letter Report to NCDEQ
Solid Waste Section for their evaluation. We recommend continued quarterly monitoring of landfill gas at the Site.
Closing
If you have any questions concerning these services, please do not hesitate to contact us at [phone].
Sincerely,
WSP USA Environment & Infrastructure Inc.
Gregory L. Hutchins, L.G.
Senior Geologist
0*6 t Wfiace�
Matthew E. Wallace, P.E.
Senior Principal Engineer
attachments: Figure 1: Topographic Site Map
Figure 2: Landfill Gas, Monitoring Well, and Surface Water Sampling Locations
Landfill Gas Monitoring Data Form
NCDEQ Environmental Monitoring Reporting Form
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TITLE: TOPOGRAPHIC SITE MAP DATE: 10/10/2022 -
PREPARED BY: G. HUTCHINS PROJECT NUMBER: 6252-15-0221 Figure No.
Although every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of information, errors and conditions originating from the physical CHECKED BY: M. WALLACE MAP PROJECTION: NC State Plane (NAD83, feet)
W C U CLOSED LANDFILL
sources used to develop the database may be reflected in the data supplied. The requestor must be aware of data conditions and DATE: 10/10/2022
ultimately bear responsibility for the appropriate use of the information with respect to possible errors, original map scale, collection
M O N T E I T H GAP ROAD methodology, currency of data, and other conditions specific to certain data.
Document Path: P:\Western Carolina University\GIS\Topo 2021.mxd
CULLOWHEE, NORTH CAROLINA

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TITLE: Legend
NOTE: THIS MAP IS FOR PARCEL BOUNDARY �i 100' ELEVATION CONTOUR
LANDFILL GAS, MONITORING WELL, REFERENCE ONLY! PROPERTY BOUNDARY 10' ELEVATION CONTOUR
Although every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of
AND SURFACE WATER information, errors and conditions originating from LANDFILL EXTENT UNNAMED TRIBUTARY
the physical sources used to develop the database
SAMPLING LOCATIONS may be reflected in the data supplied. 50' PROPERTY BOUNDARY BUFFER PERENNIAL
The requestor must be aware of data conditions and r ,«.
WCU CLOSED MSWLF ultimately bear responsibility for the appropriate MW-1MONITORING WELL LOCATION INTERMITTENT
CULLOWHEE NORTH CAROLINA use of the al ma scale, collection
methodology,
, errors, original map scale, collection methodology, Q LG-1 LANDFILL GAS WELL LOCATION
currency of data, and other conditions specific to certain data.
SURFACE WATER SAMPLING LOCATION
PREPARED: 10/10/2022 PROJECT: 6252-15-0221 Figure No.
Feet BY; G. HUTCHINS MAP PROJECTION: NC State Plane (NAD83, GRS1980)
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NC Division of Waste Management - Solid Waste Section
Landfill Gas Monitoring Data Form
Notice: Tlaisfor-m and may rraformatiora attached to it are 'Public Records"as defrned in NC General Slatule 132-1. As such, these documents are
available for inspection and examination by any person upon request (NC General Slatute 132-6),
FacilityName: Western Carolina University - MSWLF
ermit Number: 50-01
Sampling Date: �yl Z5/ e-14 NC Landfill Rule (.0500 or. 1600): .0500
Sample Collector Name & Position: _4 t «,1-v ��� �` '►S (%✓ 5
Gas Meter Type & Serial Number: 65-0� 6 3 Gas Meter Calibration Date: 103 ZI4
Field Calibration Date & Time: j h / Z 1 r 2L"
Field Calibration Gas Type (15115 or 35/50): 15/15 Field Calibration Gas Canister Expiration Date: Z i Z5-
Gas Meter Pump Rate: C2 - 5
Ambient Air Temperature: �c�7+rBarometric Pressure Gor nun Hg):� `� Weather Conditions:
Instructions: Under "Location or LFG Well", list monitoring well # or describe monitoring location (e.g., inside field office).
Attach a test location map or drawing. Report methane readings as both % LEL and % CH4 by volume,
Convert % C114 (by volume) to % LEL as follows: % methane (by volume)/20 = % LEL.
*Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) gets monitoring may be requiredfor Construction & Demolition Landfills (CDLFs). See
individual permit conditions and/or Facility LFG monitoring plan.
Location or
LFG Well ID
S ample
Tube
Time of
Day
Time
Pumped
(sec)
Initial
%LEL
Stabilized
%LET.
% CH4
(volume)
% 02
(volume)
% CO2
(volume)
% H2S*
(volume;)
NOTESPurge
Background
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NOTE: If needed, attach additional data forms to include additional LFG monitot'ing data locations for the facility.
ACTION LEVELS: Methane: >1.25% by volume (inside structures) AND >5% by volume (at facility boundary)
Hydrogen Sulfide: >1% by volume (inside structures) AND >4% by volume (at facility boundary)
Certification
To the best of my knowledge, the information reported and statements made on this data submittal and attachments
are true and correct. I am aware that there are significant penalties for making any false statement, representation,
or certification inclu os, ' e and imprisonment.
67C19 (at
S N U TITLE
Revised — March 6, 2017

LANDT'EC GEM 5000 Plus CALIBRATION DATA SHEET"
Serial Number -.=--_C-'�
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Dave --_i Inspertor__�-�_lz---//
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Time/Date --LZ__
:Battery Lev l %CI-Lo_
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Gas Alarms: CH,
= 100.0% _
CO2 = 100.0% _ t/ Oz = 22.0%_—_
Zero Transducers- CO
__ Pmmp Flow Rate -
9 c c Iw ih Vacuum Tested To 80" WC
Calibration Check (Performed at Room Temperature)
Calibration Gas Calibration Gas Lot Number Expiration Reading Accuracy*�
Concentration
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INSPECTOR'S MAINTENANCE NOTES
EEI GEN12000 Plus Cal Puna 01/12

FJ
OF C A L I B R A TMN C.Ulnian n
o.66916
Date Of Calibration: 03-Oct-2024 Certificate Number: G501637_10/36709
Issued by: QED Environmental Systems Inc.
Customer: ENVIRO EQUIPMENT INC
11180 DOWNS RD PINEVILLE, NC 28134 US
Description.
Model: GEM5000
Serial Number. G504637
Accredited Results:
Mpthanp ICHM
Certified Gas %�
Instrument Reading (%)
Uncertainty (%j
5.0
15.0
60.0
5.0
15.1
59.8
0.42
0.66
1.03
Carbon Dioxide (C®2 m
Certified Gas (%)
Instrument Reading %)
Uncertainty
5.0 _—
15.0
39.9
4.9
14.9
40.0
0.43
0.71
1.19
—
®ayeeII (02)
_
Certified Gas °.G)�
Instrument Reading— v (%)
_
a Uncertainty %
21.6
21.7
0.25
Gas cylinders are traceable and details can be provided if
requested.
CH4, CO2 readings recorded at: 32.3 °C/90.7. °F Barometric Pressure: 0984 mbar/29.06 "Hg
02 readings recorded at: 23A'C/74.1 °F
Method of Test : The analyzer is calibrated in a temperature controlled chamber using a series of reference
gases, in compliance with procedure ISP17.
Instrument has passed calibration as the measurement result is within the specification limit. The specification
limit takes into account the measurement uncertainty.
The reported expanded uncertainty is based on a standard uncertainty multiplied by a coverage factor of k=2, providing a level of
confidence of approximately 95%. The uncertainty evaluation has been carried out in accordance with NISI requirements.
The calibration results published in this certificate were obtained using equipment capable of producing results that are traceable through NISI to the international system of
Units (51). Certification only applies to results shown. This certificate may not be reproduced other than in full, except with the prior written approval of the Issuing laboratory.
Calibration Ins xnM; 118 IGC Instance I IS
www.gedenv.com
[phone] [e-mail]
Page 1001 LPOISL ASIST4. i

FICATION
all
VJLA
OF CA U c� RATIO
No. 66916
Date Of Calibration: 03-Oct-202.4 Certificate Number: G504637_10/36709
Issued b;,: Q3 Era,irctrlllyental Systems Inc.
Non Accredited results:
Pressure'rransducers inches of water column
Transducer
Certified (Low) Reading (Low) Certified (High)
Reading (High) Accuracy
Static
Differential
0"
0" 0"
4
4"
40.2V
4.06"
2.0"
0.7"
Barometer (mbar)
Reference
Instrument Readin
0984mbar)29.06"1ig
0984mbar/29,06"Hg
Additional Gas Cells
Gas Certified Gas ii�®m Instrument Reading (pprn)
H2S 256 256
COMP 500 497
cos I eLciveu gas (-neck reauings:
Methane (CH4)
Certified Gas % r w ��_____Instrument ReadinF.
5.0 5.3
15.0 15.3
60.0 _ 59.2
Carbon Dioxide IrI
Certified Instrument Reading (%)
5.0 5.0
15.0 14.7
39.9 38.5
As received Gas readings recorded at: 32.3'C/90.1 -F
As received Barometric Pressure recorded at: 23.4 °1 T
As received gas check readings are only recorded if the instrument is received in a working condition.
Where the instrument is received damaged no reading can be taken.
Date of Issue : 04 Oct 2024 Approved By SiViatury
Linda Qstrowski
The calibration results published in th s certificate were obtained using equipment capable of producing results that are traceable through NIST to the International System of
Units (51). Certification only applies to results shown Ibis certificate nay not be reproduced other than in full, except with the prior written approval of the issuing laboratory.
(Slibraien lneian:r h a;( Imra.e
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JENR USE ONLY ❑Paper Report ❑Electronic Data - Email CD (data loaded. Yes / No) Doc/Event #: _
NC DENR I I Environmental Monitoring
Division of Waste Management - Solid Waste Reporting Form
Notice: This form and any information attached to it are "Public Records" as defined in NC General Statute 132-1. As such, these documents are
available for inspection and examination by any person upon request (NC General Statute 132-6).
Instructions:
Prepare one form for each individually monitored unit.
Please type or print legibly.
Attach a notification table with values that attain or exceed NC 2L groundwater standards or NC 2B surface water standards. The notification
must include a preliminary analysis of the cause and significance of each value. (e.g. naturally occurring, off -site source, pre-existing
condition, etc.).
Attach a notification table of any groundwater or surface water values that equal or exceed the reporting limits.
Attach a notification table of any methane gas values that attain or exceed explosive gas levels. This includes any structures on or nearby the
facility (NCAC 13B .1629 (4)(a)(i).
Send the original signed and sealed form, any tables, and Electronic Data Deliverable to: Compliance Unit, NCDENR-DWM, Solid Waste
Section, 1646 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, NC 27699-1646.
Solid Waste Monitoring Data Submittal Information
Name of entity submitting data (laboratory, consultant, facility owner):
WSP USA Environment & Infrastructure Inc.
Contact for questions about data formatting. Include data preparer's name, telephone number and E-mail address:
Name: Gregory Hutchins Phone: [phone]
E-mail: [e-mail]
NC Landfill Rule: Actual sampling dates (e.g.,
Facility name: Facility Address: Facility Permit # (.0500 or .1600) October 20-24, 2006)
Western Carolina University Monteith Gap Road (State Road 1336) 50-01 0.0500 October 25, 2024
MSW Landfill Cullowhee, Jackson County, NC 28723
Environmental Status: (Check all that apply)
❑ Initial/Background Monitoring ❑X Detection Monitoring ❑ Assessment Monitoring Corrective Action
of data submitted: (Check all that apply)
Groundwater monitoring data from monitoring wells ❑X Methane gas monitoring data
Groundwater monitoring data from private water supply wells ❑ Corrective action data (specify)
Leachate monitoring data Other(specify)
Surface water monitoring data ❑
Notification attached?
❑ No. No groundwater or surface water standards were exceeded.
Yes, a notification of values exceeding a groundwater or surface water standard is attached. It includes a list of groundwater and surface water
monitoring points, dates, analytical values, NC 2L groundwater standard, NC 2B surface water standard or NG Solid Waste GWPS and
preliminary analysis of the cause and significance of any concentration.
❑ Yes, a notification of values exceeding an explosive methane gas limit is attached. It includes the methane monitoring points, dates, sample
values and explosive methane gas limits.
Certification
To the best of my knowledge, the information reported and statements made on this data submittal and attachments are true and correct.
Furthermore, I have attached complete notification of any sampling values meeting or exceeding groundwater standards or explosive gas
levels, and a preliminary analysis of the cause and significance of concentrations exceeding groundwater standards. I am aware that there
are significant penalties for making any false statement, representation, or certification including the possibility of a fine and imprisonment.
Gregory Hutchins, LG Senior Geologist [phone]
Facil>Representative Name (Print) Title (Area Code) Telephone Number
IV
si
1308-C Patton Avenue; AVT*717e, NC 28806
Facility Representative Address
F-1253
NC PE Firm License Number (if applicable effective May 1, 2009)
0-1-4 rr�nnn
Affix NC Licen s,90AArof�a�i�nal Geologist Seal
CA ,q'�►•,,,�
SEAL
-O` 9-781 cf)'