5001_Jackson_WCU_MSWLF_Feb2024LFG_FID1830785_20240226

February 15, 2024
Mr. Andy Pedonti
Western Carolina University
3476 Old Cullowhee Road
Cullowhee, North Carolina 28723
Subject: Letter Report of February 2024 Landfill Gas Monitoring
WCU Closed Municipal Solid Waste Landfill
Cullowhee, Jackson County, North Carolina
NCDEQ Permit: 50-01
WSP Project 6252-15-0221
Dear Mr. Pedonti:
WSP USA Environment & Infrastructure Inc. (WSP) is pleased to present this Letter Report of February 2024 Landfill
Gas Monitoring for Western Carolina University's (WCU's) closed municipal solid waste landfill (MSWLF, Site)
located in Cullowhee, North Carolina (Figure 1). The scope of work for this monitoring event was described in
WSP's Proposal for2023-2024 Landfill Monitoring Services dated October 2, 2023. This letter report summarizes
background information, field activities, results, discussion and recommendations from landfill gas monitoring
performed at the Site.
Background Information
WCU operated the MSWLF from approximately the 1960s until 1993. Jackson County also disposed of municipal
solid waste at the landfill from approximately the early 1970s through the early 1980s. The landfill property is
approximately 31.5 acres, approximately four acres of which contain the former landfill. The landfill was closed in
accordance with the then applicable North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality (NCDEQ) closure
standards (15A NCAC 13B 0.0510), and a closure letter was issued to WCU by NCDEQ on September 5, 1995.
NCDEQ personnel conducted a facility audit on March 16, 2011 and determined that landfill gas monitoring at the
landfill must be performed in order for the landfill to be in compliance with the post -closure conditions identified
in the 1995 closure letter.
In response to the audit, a Landfill Gas Investigation Work Plan, which described the preliminary landfill gas
investigation, as well as the 'full' landfill gas investigation, was submitted to NCDEQ on October 19, 2011, and
approved by NCDEQ in a letter dated November 29, 2011. WSP conducted the preliminary landfill gas investigation
in January 2012 using existing groundwater monitoring wells, and then conducted semi-annual landfill gas
monitoring utilizing the existing groundwater monitoring wells from August 2012 to November 2015 to comply
with the post -closure conditions. The 'full' landfill gas investigation, which included the installation of eight
permanent landfill gas monitoring wells, was performed in February 2016. Since the 'full' landfill gas investigation
has been implemented, monitoring of landfill gas has been conducted quarterly in accordance with NCDEQ Solid
Waste Management rules (15A NCAC 1313.1626 (b)).
WSP USA Environment & Infrastructure Inc.
1308-C Patton Avenue
Asheville, North Carolina 28806
T: 828-252-8130
North Carolina Corporate Engineering License No. F-1253, Geology No. C-247

Letter Report of February 2024 Landfill Gas Monitoring February 15, 2024
WCU Closed Municipal Solid Waste Landfill, Cullowhee, North Carolina
WSP Project 6252-15-0221
Field Activities
On February 13, 2024, WSP personnel measured landfill gas at the eight landfill gas monitoring wells (LG-1,
LG-2, LG-3S, LG-3D, LG-4, LG-5, LG-6 and LG-7) at the Site (Figure 2). The landfill gas monitoring wells are
screened in the unsaturated zone and located between the landfill and the Site's property boundary. The
landfill gas monitoring wells are fitted with a slip cap and ball valve to allow for measurement of potential
landfill gas. A calibrated gas monitoring instrument, a Landtec GEM 5000+, was used to measure atmospheric
pressure, as well as the following landfill gas parameters:
Methane (percent by volume)
Oxygen (percent by volume)
Carbon dioxide (percent by volume)
The initial and stabilized readings for the above parameters were measured and recorded. The Solid Waste
Section's Landfill Gas Monitoring Data Form was used to record measurements and other relevant
information and is attached.
Results and Discussion
The Site landfill gas monitoring wells were tested for methane, carbon dioxide, and oxygen. Refer to the
attached Landfill Gas Monitoring Data Form for the testing results.
Concentrations of methane were not detected in the landfill gas monitoring wells. The regulatory limit for
methane at a MSWLF property boundary is equal to the lower explosive limit of methane (15A NCAC
13B.1627 (d)). The recorded results from the eight landfill gas wells do not exceed this limit indicating that
regulatory limits are not being exceeded at the Site.
Recommendations
Based on the results of this monitoring event, we recommend submitting a copy of this Letter Report to
NCDEQ Solid Waste Section for their evaluation. We recommend continued quarterly monitoring of landfill
gas at the Site.
Closing
If you have any questions concerning these services, please do not hesitate to contact us at [phone].
Sincerely,
WSP USA Environment & Infrastructure Inc.
Rodney M. Clark, L.G.
Project Geologist
kkku t. Wflace-
Matthew E. Wallace, P.E.
Principal Engineer
attachments: Figure 1: Topographic Site Map
Figure 2: Landfill Gas, Monitoring Well, and Surface Water Sampling Locations
Landfill Gas Monitoring Data Form
NCDEQ Environmental Monitoring Reporting Form
2

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TITLE: TOPOGRAPHIC SITE MAP DATE: 10/10/2022 y._
PREPARED BY: G. HUTCHINS PROJECT NUMBER: 6252-15-0221 Figure No.
Although every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of information, errors and conditions originating from the physical CHECKED BY: M. WALLACE MAP PROJECTION: NC State Plane (NAD83, feet)
W C U CLOSED LANDFILL
sources used to develop the database may be reflected in the data supplied. The requestor must be aware of data conditions and DATE: 10/10/2022
ultimately bear responsibility for the appropriate use of the information with respect to possible errors, original map scale, collection
M O N T E I T H GAP ROAD methodology, currency of data, and other conditions specific to certain data.
Document Path: P:\Western Carolina University\GIS\Topo 2021.mxd
CULLOWHEE, NORTH CAROLINA

TITLE: Legend
NOTE: THIS MAP IS FOR PARCEL BOUNDARY `S.i 100' ELEVATION CONTOUR
LANDFILL GAS, MONITORING WELL, REFERENCE ONLY! PROPERTY BOUNDARY 10' ELEVATION CONTOUR
Although every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of
AND SURFACE WATER information, errors and conditions originating from LANDFILL EXTENT UNNAMED TRIBUTARY
the physical sources used to develop the database
SAMPLING LOCATIONS may be reflected in the data supplied. 50' PROPERTY BOUNDARY BUFFER PERENNIAL
The requestor must be aware of data conditions and r ,«.
WCU CLOSED MSWLF ultimately bear responsibility for the appropriate MW-1MONITORING WELL LOCATION INTERMITTENT
CULLOWHEE NORTH CAROLINA use of the al ma scale, collection
methodology,
, errors, original map scale, collection methodology, Q LG-1 LANDFILL GAS WELL LOCATION
currency of data, and other conditions specific to certain data.
SURFACE WATER SAMPLING LOCATION
PREPARED: 10/10/2022 PROJECT: 6252-15-0221 Figure No.
Feet BY: G. HUTCHINS MAP PROJECTION: NC State Plane (NAD83, GRS1980)
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NC Division of Waste Management - Solid Waste Section
LandPdt Gas Monitoring Data Form
Nofiee: ThisformaMaVinformationaaached to it are PabU Rftcords"asdJlnedin NCGen.ISMNIi132-I.As such. these dacumems are
availablefor inspection and a vaadon by anypemm Van request(NC GatovI Suoum 132-6).
Facility Name: WLa-MSW L-F Permit Number. 50-01
Sampling Date: '-' 13 /?-O tjNC Landfill Rule (.0500 or.1600):: / 0500
Sample Collector Name& Position:/ ZWV_,✓ '-^aar/G
Gas Meter Type &Serial Number: (aLMSLL'Of d68Q3_ Gas Meter Calibration Date: 2171941
Field Calibration Date &Time: Z.j13i2ozq
Field Calibration Gas Type (15115 or 35150): is ] 1 S Field Calibration Gas Canister Expiration Daze: ( 2-A Z�
Gas Meter Pump Rate: D • S (,
Ambient Air Temperatme:�Barometric Pressure 0mm Hg):L-Weather Conditions:
Instructions: Under "Location or LFG Well", list monitoring well # or describe monitoring location (e.g., inside field office).
Attach a test location map or drawing. Report methane readings as both % LEL and % CH4 by
volume. Convert %CHa (bv volume) to %LEL as follows: % methane (by volume) a 20 = % LEL.
•Hydrogen Sulfide (112S) gas monitoring may be requiredfor Construction & Demolition Landfills
(CDLFs). See individual permit conditions and/ar Facility LFG monitoringplan.
Locatiavar
LFG Wall
Sample
Tube
Purge
Timeof
MY
'time
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(ase)
Initial
%LEL
Stibilood
%I.EL
%CHa
(volume)
%02
(volume)
%CO2
(volume)
%112S.
(volume)
NOTES
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NOTE: Ifneeded, attach additional dataforms to tnchdia addifionalLFG manitarmg data lacadonsfur thefacility.
ACTION LEVELS: Methane:>1.25% by volume (inside structures) AND 15 % by volume (at facility boundary)
Hydrogen Sulfide: >1%by volume (inside sanctions) AND >4 % by volume (at fncilityboundary)
Certification
To the best of my knowledge, the information reported and statements made on this data submittal and
attachments are true and correct. I am aware that there are significant penalties for making any false statement,
represents °, or certift ation i cluding t possibility of a fine and imprisonment.
r-oleo Ge�✓co
SIGNATURE TITLE
Revised —AuguA 23, 2021

CERTIFICATION
���-
OF CALIBRATION
�P w
No. 66916
Date Of Calibration: 18-Apr-2023
Certificate Number: G506893 9/46044
Issued by: QED Environmental Systems Inc.
Customer: ENVIRO mulls l iui
11180 DOWNS RD PINEVILLE, NC 28134 US
Description: Landtec Gas Analyzer
Model: GEMS000
Serial Number: G506893
Accredited Results:
MntHann trHdt
Certified Gas %
Instrument Readina %
Uncertain %
5.0
15.0
50.0
4.9
14.9
50.8
0.42
0.66
1.03
Carbon Dioxide (CO
Certified Gas %
Instrument Readin %
Uncertainty56
-.. 5.0_. _._.
15.1
50.0
4.8 _._. - _...
14.8
49.8
- 0.43
0.71
1.19
Oxygen 02
- Certified Gas % -
Instrument Readin %
Uncertainty %
20.9
21.0
0.25
Gas cylinders are traceable and details can be provided if
requested.
CH4, CO2 readings recorded at: 31.0'C/87.8'F Barometric Pressure: 0978"Hg/28.89 "Hg
02 readings recorded at: 21.6'C/70.9'F
Method of Test : The analyzer is calibrated in a temperature controlled chamber using a series of reference
gases, in compliance with procedure ISP37.
The reported expanded uncertainty is based on a standard uncertainty multiplied by a coverage factor of k=2,
providing a level of confidence of approximately 95%. The uncertainty evaluation has been carried out in accordance
with NIST requirements.

CERTIFICATION
OF CALIBRATION
No. 66916
Date Of Calibration: 18-Apr-2023
Issued by: QED Environmental Systems Inc.
Non Accredited results:
VED,
Certiflcate Number: G506893_9/46044
Pressure Transducers (Inches
of water column
Transducer wow(WW)
acaft(Low)
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0"
0"
40"
39.97"
2.0"
Differential
0"
0"
4"
4.00"
0.7"
Barometer
mbar
Reference
Instrument Reading
As received gas check readings:
Methane MA
Certified Gas
%
Instrument Reading %
5.0
7.3
15.0
19.0
50.0
4 .5
Carbon Diotdde 002
Certified Gas twil-
-'--tnsirument Reading
5.0
5.5
15.1
16.8
50.0
55.4
As received Gas readings recorded at: 31.0 `C/87.8 7
As received Barometric Pressure recorded at: 21.6 `C/70.9'F
Dabeefkwe: 39Apr2023 A[gaovod13y5iM W
C Fleenor
ishorabry imp .n
The allbatlon resin¢ Wbbbed In this cerjate were obtained using equipment capable of producing results that sae traraable through N Yr to the International System a
U.R(A).CertifiationonlyappliuWresuasshown. This pe B to may not be reproduced otherthan In UI exnaptwiththe prior written approval ofthe issuing laboratory.
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www.gedenv.com [phone] [e-mail]

ENVIRO-EQUIPMENT, INC.
LANDTEC 5000 Plus CALIBRATION DATA SHEET
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Serial Number.
bate 2 7 - Inspector F5
Time/Date -Battery Level
/0�/� Memory Cleared /
Pump Faults
J
Gas Alarms: .,,C144 = 100.0%
r` co, =100.0% /
•CG
Or = 22.0%
Zero Transducers / Pump Flow
.
Rate 676 "Z Vacuum
Tested To 80" HzO
_
Calibration Check (Performed at Room Temperature)
Calibration Gas Calibration Gas
Lot Number Expiration
Reading
Accuracy -
Concentration
Pure N, /00%.
"
073*7 i XXf
10%
t2%
High CH< 600
94253g9I?E
60!I _
t2%
High CO, 3S °c
9025j$y25
35.('/.
t2%
Low CH. �S ,
4d2'I�Jf!%f1 iD119
11 .0.
f20/6
_
Low Co,15
y02V 85125 10 L8 v
ly£A el"
:2% .
_
Low O, _
u0 t of -Win
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High O, 209%
- N/A
Z G
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.9N/A
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•Aecmacy depends upon calibrerion range; I5YFS range far Clh& CO2.0-5%volume for Q, ms FS for H2S, end 1OVe ofresding for CO
INSPECTOR'S MAINTENANCE NOTES
EEI GEM,WnPIm UI Fcem Oltl,

ENR USE dli"L+ ❑Papw Report ❑Electron , Data - Email CO (data loaded: Yes / No) DodEvent M
NC DEN, Environmental Monitoring
Division of Waste Management - Solid Waste Reporting Form
Notice: This form and any information attached to it are "Public Records" es defined In NC General Statute 132-1. As such, these documents are
available for Inspection and examination by any person upon request (NC General Statute 132-6).
Instructions:
Prepare one term for each Individually mentioned unit
Please type or print legibly.
Attach a rediiratlon table with values that attain or exceed NC 2L groundwater standards or NC 2B surface water standards. The notification
must include a preliminary analysis of Me muse and significance of each value. (e.g. naturally occurring, off -site source, pre-existing
condition, etc.).
Attach a edification table of any groundwater or surface water values that equal or exceed Me reporting limits.
Attach a notification table of any methane gas values that attain or exceed explosive gas levels. This Includes any structures on or nearby the
facility (NCAC 13B .1629 (4)(a)(1).
Send the original signed and sealed loom, any tables, and Electronic Data Deliverable M: Compliance Unit, NCDENRZWM, Solid Waste
Section, 1646 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, NC 27699-1 W.
Solid Waste Monitoring Data Submittal Information
Name of entity submitting data (laboratory, mns rltsK facility owner):
WSP USA Environment & Infrastructure Inc. '
Contestfw 1pnmtions about data famutting. Includedatapmpare anamo,Wa ph mnumberand Emailaddress:
Name: Rodney Cis* Phone: [phone]
E-mail: rodney.dmkMwsp.com
NC Landfill Rule: Actual sampling dates (e.g..
Facility nams: Fadlily Address: Facity PermitOf (.0500 or.1600) OCMber20-24,2006)
WesternState
Carolina University
e GapRod! 1335)
sooCounty,
0.0500
Febnmry 13, 202A
ndfill
Culbwhaman
NC 281231
Environmental statue: (Check all Mat apply)
OInMayBeckground Monitoring © Detection Monfi Bing Assessment Monitoring Corrective Action
' data submitted: (Check all that apply)
Groundwater monitoring data from monitoring wells
Methane gas monitoring data
Groundwater monitoring data from private water supply wells
❑
Corrective action data (specify)
Leachate monitoring data
Amfann watts mnnan,im do.
n
OMm(specily)
tlotMmtlon attached?
�LJ No. No g muntar or surface water standards were exceeded.
Vas, a noWmbw of values exceeding a gmundwater m surface water standard ts attached. It includes a list of groundwater and surface water
monitoring points, dales, analytical values, NC 2L groundwater dandam, NC 2B surface water standard or NC Solid Waste GWPS and
preliminary analysis of the cause and signMmnce of any concentration.
Yes, a notification of values exceeding an explosive methane gas limit is attached. It Includes Me methane monitoring points, dates, sample
values and explosive methane gas limits.
Certification
To the best of my knowledge, the irdormation reported and stafamenb made on this data submittal and attachments are true and correct.
Furthermore, I have attached complete notification of any sampling values meeting or exceeding groundwater standards or explosive gas
levels, and a preliminary analysis of the cause and significanm of concentrations exceeding groundwater standards. I am aware Mat there
are signgicant penalties for making any false statement, representation, or certification including the possibility of a fine and imprisonment.
Rodney Clark, LG Project Geologist (828) 2588130
PMHa Raon,we,rm,a Nmne(wine MM, (Area Codel Tele
CA
5lgrethee
1308 Patton Avenue, Asheville, NC 288N
Facility Representative Address
F-12M
NC PE Firm License Number (Happlicable effective May
Revised 6/2009
Date
Affix
Seal