17046_West Lewis St_AWP_20230615

Sent Via Email :
June 15, 2023
North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality
Division of Waste Management — Brownfields Program
1646 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1646
Attn: Ms. Sharon Poissant Eckard, PG
Email: [e-mail]
PYRAMID
ENVIRONMENTAL B ENGINEERING, P.C.
Re: Indoor Air / Crawlspace Sampling — Work Plan Addendum
Model Linen & West Lewis Street Brownfields Sites
109, 111, 115, 117, 117-B, and 120 W. Lewis Street, Greensboro, NC
Pyramid Project # 2022-147
Dear Ms. Eckard,
On behalf of A.Z. Development LLC, in early 2022, Pyramid Environmental & Engineering, PC
(Pyramid) completed sub -slab vapor (SSV) and crawlspace (CS) sampling for the referenced
Brownfields properties. The work plan was approved in November 2021, and the work completed
after access issues were resolved. The SSV and CS sampling was completed to fill a data gap for
the Brownfields Program. After evaluation of the SSV and CS data, indoor air sampling was
indicated and requested by the NCDEQ. The scope of work is included in this correspondence.
1.0 Indoor Air SamDline Locations
Based on the SSV and CS sample results from the properties, the NCDEQ Brownfields Program
reviewed the analytical data, evaluated the risk using the NCDEQ Risk Calculator, and requested
indoor air quality sampling. Review of the data indicated that the non-residential Vapor
Intrusion Screening Levels (VISLs) were not exceeded; however, there were concerns. The
NCDEQ requested additional work to collect indoor air quality samples for the buildings at the
properties where contaminants of concern were detected below the concrete and wooden
flooring systems. Pyramid discussed the Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) sample locations with the
NCDEQ, and the selected locations are shown on the figures presented in Attachment A.
The proposed assessment activities will be performed in accordance with DEQ's Inactive
Hazardous Sites Branch (IHSB) Guidelines for Assessment and Cleanup of Contaminated Sites
Former Model Linen & West Lewis Street NCBP Sites — Indoor Air Sampling Work Plan Page 1
Pyramid Environmental & Engineering, PC-2022-147 06-15-2023

(Guidelines) dated January 2020, the DEQ DWM Vapor Intrusion Guidance (VI Guidance) dated
March 2018, and most recent versions of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
Region IV Science and Ecosystem Support Division (SESD) Field Branches Quality System and
Technical Procedures guidance. Collection of Indoor Air Quality samples will include several
steps in preparing for and completing the work.
• Work Plan preparation & approval by NCDEQ Brownfields Program — Select Locations
• Arrange for 6-liter [ Individually Certified ] TO-15 Cannisters with Pace Labs
• Inspect each location prior to sampling and Document findings with DEQ Checklist
• Confirm the HVAC system use in each space - to be operated normally during sampling
• Indoor air samples will be collected over an 8-hour time period using flow control devices
• A Duplicate indoor air sample will be collected concurrently with primary sample
• Packaging and FeclEx shipment of air samples in lab packaging to Pace
• Evaluation of laboratory results relative to commercial and residential VISLs
• A report of sampling, analytical data, and evaluation of data will be sent to the NCDEQ
These general steps will be further explained in the following sections.
2.0 Indoor Air Sampling
The initial sampling in 2022 did not include indoor air samples. The crawl space samples collected
were considered indoor air samples for comparison with the appropriate VISLs. This work plan
addendum lists the locations and procedures for the planned IAQ sample collection.
• Prior to sampling, Pyramid will prepare the Indoor Air Building Survey and Sampling Form
for each space where indoor air samples will be collected, and document the findings
• If compounds that are potential interference compounds are found in the building
survey, these compounds will be removed at least 48 hours before the sampling day
• The schedule for IAQ sampling will be planned to minimize potential interference from
construction or renovations which may bring in new materials
• The HVAC system will be operated normally before and during the sampling
• IAQ samples will be collected with individually certified 6-liter Summa Cannisters
equipped with 8-hour flow controller devices
• The air intake will be elevated on a stand, at breathing height (— 5 feet) above the floor
• All IAQ Samples will be collected on the ground floor in building work or public areas
• The work will be scheduled with the building owners to limit the access of other people
to the work areas while sampling.
The IAQ sample locations are shown on the maps presented in Attachment A.
Former Model Linen & West Lewis Street NCBP Sites — Indoor Air Sampling Work Plan Page 2
Pyramid Environmental & Engineering, PC-2022-147 06-15-2023

3.0 Crawl Space Sampling
Since CS-13 showed a detection of PCE of concern, this location will be re -sampled during the
proposed IAQ sampling event. The resampling will be used to confirm the earlier concentration
before planning for vapor mitigation proceeds. The sampling plan for this area includes (1) crawl
space sample location designated CS-1313. Sampling procedures will include :
• Under 117 B-1 Lewis Street, the crawl space has a dirt floor and no moisture barrier
• The ceiling of the crawl space is wooden joists and a wooden floor below a Pub
• CS air samples will be collected over an 8-hour time period using flow control devices
• The crawl space has 4 foundation vents and a small access door on the western wall
• Crawl space height varying from 30 inches to less than 10 inches for CS-1313.
• There is a perimeter concrete wall and foundation piers within the crawl space area
Crawl space sampling will be scheduled after work plan approval and will be completed with the
IAQ sampling.
4.0 Duplicate Sampling
For this site, the primary sample and duplicate sample ( IA-3 and IA-31D ) will be collected
concurrently using a "Tee" connection provided by Pace Analytical. The intake valve on each
canister will be fully opened to begin sample collection. Vacuum readings will be recorded
before, during, and at the end of the sample collection. The sample collection start and ending
times will also be recorded on the container label and COC. Vacuum of between -5 and -7
inches of Hg vacuum will be maintained at the end of the sample collection.
5.0 Laboratory Analyses
After each sample is collected, the intake valve will be closed, and the tubing disconnected from
the canister. The starting and ending vacuum will be recorded on the Chain -of -Custody form and
submitted to the laboratory with the canisters. The summa canisters will be shipped in the lab
provided shipping containers under standards COC protocols to Pace Analytical Services. The
sample location will be documented on the sample location map, and conditions during the
sampling will be documented on the sampling forms.
The analytical laboratory selected for the project is Pace Analytical Services. The air sample
analytical method selected is TO-15 for Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) with the full list of
Former Model Linen & West Lewis Street NCBP Sites — Indoor Air Sampling Work Plan Page 3
Pyramid Environmental & Engineering, PC-2022-147 06-15-2023

compounds reported, excluding acrolein and assuring that Naphthalene is included on the
analyte list. The TO-15 analyses will be the same as the prior SSV and CS sample analyses. Pyramid
reviewed the method Reporting Limits (RLs) and method detection limits (MDLs) for TO-15 for
the target parameters/COCs. The RLS are within the range required to determine the VISLs for
each of the target parameters. The detection and reporting limits were well below the residential
and non-residential regulatory VISL levels. The analytical method TO-15 RLs for the method are
presented in Attachment B.
Pace Analytical Services will prepare the Individually Certified, 6-liter, summa cannisters with 200
ml/min flow control devices. The cylinders will be inspected before use, and if the vacuum prior
to sampling is 10% lower than the vacuum documented by the laboratory upon shipment, then
the cannister is considered compromised and will not be used. The sample collection methods
used in the field will comply with the instructions given by the analytical laboratory. The
personnel performing the IAQ sampling and collecting data are qualified by education, training,
and experience. The sample start and end time will be recorded on the sample tag and Chain -of -
Custody for the site. The starting and ending vacuum in each canister will be recorded on the
sample tag and chain -of -custody and submitted to the laboratory along with the samples.
6.0 Quality Assurance / Quality Control Procedures
The work plan provides for collection of ( 6 ) primary vapor samples and ( 1 ) duplicate sample.
The location of the duplicate sample was chosen in the women's bathroom of the Boxcar to check
for potential migration from the sewer and plumbing connections. The primary (IA-3) and
duplicate samples (IA-31D) will be collected using a Stainless Steel "Tee" provided by the analytical
laboratory to connect the two sample cannisters. These two samples will be collected
concurrently and the analyses will be used for comparative analysis.
Pyramid will review the Laboratory Level II report from Pace Analytical for quality assurance. The
laboratory QA/QC procedures will be used to ensure appropriate sample handling and analysis
and help with the review of the analytical data and data validation. QA/QC Procedures will be
conducted in accordance with the method protocols and will include regular equipment
maintenance, equipment calibrations, and adherence to specific sample custody and data
management procedures. Samples will be analyzed in conjunction with appropriate blanks, lab
duplicates, continued calibration standards, surrogate standards, and matrix spike standards in
accordance with approved methodologies to monitor both instrument and analyst performance.
Former Model Linen & West Lewis Street NCBP Sites — Indoor Air Sampling Work Plan Page 4
Pyramid Environmental & Engineering, PC-2022-147 06-15-2023

Laboratory reporting limits for each analyte will be at or below appropriate screening criteria,
where possible.
The Summa canisters will be packaged and shipped to the laboratory under standard chain of
custody protocols for analysis of VOCs by EPA Method TO-15. The sample cylinders will be
checked when received by Pace Analytical Services and inspected. The cylinders vacuum readings
will be recorded by Pace and compared to the vacuum remaining at the end of the test. The
cylinders will be analyzed using TO-15 Method for VOCs and naphthalene, and the results will be
checked for accuracy.
The NC Brownfields Program requests that the laboratory review the data and report values that
are above the Method Detection Limits (MDLs) and below the Reporting Limits (RLs) for TO-15 as
"J" flag for estimated concentrations. The TO-15 data will be reviewed for comparative results
between the primary and duplicate samples to determine if the comparative results are
acceptable. The laboratory report of the IAQ air samples will be compared with the IHSB VISL
standards, and the results presented in the report with QA/QC results, and chain -of -custody
documentation.
QA data consistent with Level II documentation will be requested for this project. Pace Analytical
Services was selected for the site and the laboratory contact is Ms. Bonnie Vang [phone].
The IAQ analytical data will be reviewed and compared to the Residential and Non -Residential
Vapor indoor air screening levels. The laboratory report will be reviewed and provided to Sharon
Eckard in advance of the signed and sealed consultant report. A final report will be prepared with
the data and submitted for DEQ review within 30 days of data receipt from the laboratory.
7.0 Reporting
Following completion of the assessment activities and receipt of the analytical data, Pyramid will
prepare a report documenting the vapor sampling activities, figures showing sample locations,
laboratory data and QA/QC, a discussion of the data in comparison to regulatory screening levels,
and conclusions and recommendations based on the site history. The report will include
applicable tables, figures, and appendices. Analytical data will be compared against the
applicable NCDEQ screening levels. Figures will include a north arrow, graphic scale, map legend,
and other reference information. The report will include the Pyramid Corporate license
information and the individual license information, and appropriate professional seal. The final
Former Model Linen & West Lewis Street NCBP Sites — Indoor Air Sampling Work Plan Page 5
Pyramid Environmental & Engineering, PC-2022-147 06-15-2023

report will be submitted to the NC Brownfields Project Manager for review and approval, and for
use in evaluating vapor intrusion risk and developing a revised Brownfields agreement.
8.0 Work Plan Closing
The schedule for the work will be set after IAQ Work Plan approval. The initial site inspection to
finalize the sample locations and fill out the Indoor Air Building Survey and Sampling Forms.
Preparations for the sampling event will be made and the work will commence when the
individually certified 6-liter Cannisters are available. The fieldwork is expected to be completed
in one field workday, and the samples will be shipped the following day.
Please review this work plan and send any comments, which will be addressed quickly so that we
can move forward. If you have any questions or if you need additional information, please call
me at [phone] or send an Email to [e-mail].
Sincerely,
Pyramid Environmental & Engineering, P.C.
Michael G. Jones, LG # , RSM
Operations Manager
Email Copy: Andy Zimmerman @ [e-mail]
George House @ [e-mail]
Former Model Linen & West Lewis Street NCBP Sites — Indoor Air Sampling Work Plan Page 6
Pyramid Environmental & Engineering, PC-2022-147 06-15-2023

Attachment A

14`

Attachment B

aceAnalytical-
Pace Analytical Services, LLC
Method Detection Limits and Reporting Limits
by EPA TO15
LCS DUP
Analyte
CAS #
MDL (ppbv)
PRL (ppbv)
MW
MDL (ug/m3)
PRL (ug/m3)
Lower
Upper
RPD
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
71-55-6
0.0335
0.2
133.4047
0.186
1.11
70
130
25
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
79-34-5
0.0533
0.2
167.8498
0.372
1.40
70
132
25
1,1,2-Trichloroethane
79-00-5
0.0354
0.1
133.4047
0.197
0.555
70
134
25
1,1,2-Trichlorotrifluoroethane
76-13-1
0.0371
0.2
187.3762
0.289
1.56
70
130
25
1,1-Dichloroethane
75-34-3
0.0401
0.2
98.9596
0.165
0.823
70
133
25
1,1-Dichloroethene
75-35-4
0.0342
0.2
96.9438
0.138
0.806
70
130
25
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
120-82-1
0.647
1
181.4487
4.88
7.54
69
132
25
1 2 4-Trimethyl benzene
95-63-6
0.0708
0.2
120.1938
0.354
0.999
70
142
25
1,2-Dibromoethane
106-93-4
0.0384
0.1
187.8616
0.300
0.781
70
138
25
1,2-Dichlorobenzene
95-50-1
0.0663
0.5
147.0036
0.405
3.06
70
146
25
1,2-Dichloroethane
107-06-2
0.0473
0.2
98.9596
0.194
0.823
70
132
25
1,2-Dichloropropane
78-87-5
0.0572
0.2
112.9864
0.269
0.939
70
134
25
1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene
108-67-8
0.0580
0.2
120.1938
0.290
0.999
70
143
25
1,3-Butadiene
106-99-0
0.0532
0.2
54.0914
0.120
0.450
70
136
25
1,3-Dichlorobenzene
541-73-1
0.0833
0.5
147.0036
0.509
3.06
70
145
25
1,4-Dichlorobenzene
106-46-7
0.144
0.5
147.0036
0.877
3.06
70
140
25
2-Butanone (MEK)
78-93-3
0.155
1
72.1057
0.465
3.00
50
139
25
2-Hexanone
591-78-6
0.106
1
100.1589
0.442
4.16
70
148
25
2-Propanol
67-63-0
0.204
1
60.1
0.509
2.50
67
135
25
4-Ethyltoluene
622-96-8
0.0945
0.5
120.1938
0.472
2.50
70
145
25
4-Methyl-2-pentanone (MIBK)
108-10-1
0.0772
1
100.1602
0.321
4.16
70
139
25
Acetone
67-64-1
0.749
2.5
58.0798
1.81
6.04
64
130
25
Benzene
71-43-2
0.0350
0.1
78.1134
0.114
0.325
70
131
25
Benzyl Chloride
100-44-7
0.169
0.5
126.58
0.890
2.63
70
130
25
Bromodichloromethane
75-27-4
0.0348
0.2
163.8289
0.237
1.36
70
133
25
Bromoform
75-25-2
0.155
0.5
252.7309
1.62
5.25
70
137
25
Bromomethane
74-83-9
0.0379
0.2
94.9387
0.150
0.789
64
134
25
Carbon Disulfide
75-15-0
0.0409
0.2
76.131
0.129
0.633
70
131
25
Carbon tetrachloride
56-23-5
0.0438
0.2
153.823
0.280
1.28
70
131
25
Chlorobenzene
108-90-7
0.0331
0.2
112.5585
0.155
0.936
70
130
25
Chloroethane
75-00-3
0.0835
0.2
64.5145
0.224
0.536
69
141
25
Pace Analytical Services, LLC 612-607-1700
KL 4/20/21 1700 Elm Street SE, Suite 200 Minneapolis, MN 55414 www.pacelabs.com

aceAnalXical-
Pace Analytical Services, LLC
Method Detection Limits and Reporting Limits
by EPA TO15
LCS DUP
Analyte
CAS #
PRL (ppbv)
MW
MDL (ug/m3)
PRL (ug/m3)
Lower
Upper
RPD
Chloroform
67-66-3
0.0369
0.1
119.3779
0.183
0.496
70
130
25
Chloromethane
74-87-3
0.0405
0.2
50.4877
0.0851
0.420
70
130
25
cis-1,2-Dichloroethene
156-59-2
0.0484
0.2
96.9438
0.195
0.806
70
137
25
cis-1,3-Dichloropropene
10061-01-5
0.0552
0.5
110.9706
0.255
2.31
70
144
25
Cyclohexane
110-82-7
0.0631
0.5
84.1608
0.221
1.75
70
137
25
Dibromochloromethane
124-48-1
0.0595
0.2
208.2799
0.515
1.73
70
132
25
Dichlorodifluoromethane
75-71-8
0.0373
0.2
120.9138
0.188
1.01
70
130
25
Dichlorotetrafluoroethane
76-14-2
0.0285
0.2
170.9216
0.202
1.42
70
130
25
Ethanol
64-17-5
0.309
1
46.07
0.592
1.92
63
133
25
Ethyl Acetate
141-78-6
0.0357
0.2
88.106
0.131
0.733
70
136
25
Ethyl Benzene
100-41-4
0.0699
0.2
106.167
0.309
0.883
70
142
25
Hexachlorobutadiene
87-68-3
0.114
0.5
260.762
1.23
5.42
70
135
25
m&p-Xylene
106-42-3
0.145
0.4
106.167
0.642
1.77
70
141
25
Methyl Tert Butyl Ether
1634-04-4
0.0344
1
88.1492
0.126
3.66
70
143
25
Methylene chloride
75-09-2
0.168
1
84.9328
0.593
3.53
70
130
25
Naphthalene
91-20-3
0.407
0.5
128.1732
2.17
2.66
67
132
25
n-Heptane
142-82-5
0.0433
0.2
100.2034
0.181
0.833
70
137
25
n-Hexane
110-54-3
0.0534
0.2
86.1766
0.191
0.716
70
135
25
o-Xylene
95-47-6
0.0613
0.2
106.167
0.271
0.883
70
141
25
Propylene
115-07-1
0.0741
0.5
42.0804
0.130
0.875
70
130
25
Styrene
100-42-5
0.0890
0.2
104.1512
0.385
0.866
70
142
25
Tetra chIoroethene
127-18-4
0.0424
0.1
165.834
0.292
0.689
70
130
25
Tetrahydrofuran
109-99-9
0.0600
0.2
72.1066
0.180
0.600
70
136
25
Toluene
108-88-3
0.0637
0.2
92.1402
0.244
0.766
70
138
25
trans-1,2-dichloroethene
156-60-5
0.0418
0.2
96.9438
0.168
0.806
70
130
25
trans-1,3-Dichloropropene
10061-02-6
0.118
0.5
110.9706
0.544
2.31
70
145
25
Trichloroethene
79-01-6
0.0360
0.1
131.3889
0.196
0.546
70
130
25
Trichlorofluoromethane
75-69-4
0.0408
0.2
137.3684
0.233
1.14
69
135
25
Vinyl Acetate
108-05-4
0.0582
0.2
86.0902
0.208
0.716
70
146
25
Vinyl chloride
75-01-4
0.0334
0.1
62.4987
0.0868
0.260
70
137
25
Pace Analytical Services, LLC 612-607-1700
KL 4/20/21 1700 Elm Street SE, Suite 200 Minneapolis, MN 55414 www.pacelabs.com

aceAna1ytica1
Pace Analytical Services, LLC
Method Detection Limits and Reporting Limits
by EPA TO15
EXTRA ANALYTES (available upon request at an additional cost)
LCS DUP
Analyte
CAS #
MDL (ppbv)
PRL (ppbv)
MW
MDL (ug/rn)
PRL (ug/m3)
Lower
Upper
RPD
1,2-Dichloroethene (Total)
540-59-0
0.0484
0.4
96.9438
0.195
1.61
70
130
25
1,2,3-Trimethyl benzene
526-73-8
0.0584
0.2
120.19
0.292
0.999
70
130
25
1,4-Dioxane
123-91-1
0.205
2
88.1051
0.750
7.33
70
130
25
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane
540-84-1
0.0314
0.5
114.22
0.149
2.37
70
130
25
Acrolein
107-02-8
0.280
1.5
56.06
0.653
3.50
70
130
25
Acrylonitrile
107-13-1
0.203
0.5
53.06
0.449
1.10
70
130
25
Allyl Chloride
107-05-1
0.113
0.5
76.525
0.360
1.59
70
130
25
Chlorodifluoromethane
75-45-6
0.0733
0.5
86.47
0.264
1.80
70
130
25
Di -isopropyl Ether
108-20-3
0.0315
1
102.1748
0.134
4.25
70
130
25
Ethyl Tert-Butyl Ether
637-92-3
0.0347
1
102.1748
0.147
4.25
70
130
25
Isopentane
78-78-4
0.0542
0.5
72.15
0.163
1.50
70
130
25
Isopropyl benzene
98-82-8
0.0778
0.5
120.194
0.389
2.50
70
130
25
Methyl Methacrylate
80-62-6
0.0594
0.2
100.12
0.247
0.832
70
130
25
Methylcyclohexane
108-87-2
0.0995
0.5
98.186
0.406
2.04
70
130
25
N-Butylbenzene
104-51-8
0.123
0.5
134.2206
0.686
2.79
70
130
25
N-Propylbenzene
103-65-1
0.0729
0.5
120.1938
0.364
2.50
70
130
25
p-Isopropyltoluene
99-87-6
0.114
0.5
134.22
0.638
2.79
70
130
25
Sec- Butylbenzene
135-98-8
0.0966
0.5
134.2206
0.539
2.79
70
130
25
Tert Amyl Methyl Ether
994-05-8
0.0568
1
102.1748
0.241
4.25
70
130
25
Tert Butyl Alcohol (TBA)
75-65-0
0.0482
1
74.12
0.149
3.08
70
130
25
Tert-Butyl Benzene
98-06-6
0.0627
0.2
134.22
0.350
1.12
70
130
25
Vinyl Bromide
593-60-2
0.0556
0.2
106.95
0.247
0.889
70
130
25
THC as Gas (C4-C12)
24.3
48.6
106
211
70
130
25
Xylene (Total)
1330-20-7
0.145
0.6
106.17
0.642
2.65
70
130
25
Surrogates
1,4-Dichlorobenzene-d4 (S)
3855-82-1
70
130
Hexane-d14 (S)
21666-38-6
70
130
Toluene-d8 (S)
2037-26-5
70
130
Highlighted cells are calculated results
Pace Analytical Services, LLC 612-607-1700
KL 4/20/21 1700 Elm Street SE, Suite 200 Minneapolis, MN 55414 www.pacelabs.com