MO-8954_40451_CA_FPR_20230814

2725 E. Millbrook Road, Suite 121
Raleigh, NC 27604
Telephone [phone]
www.atcgroupservices.com

ATC Project No. STL4045101 NCDEQ State Lead Program

August 14, 2023

Mr. Scott Ryals, P.E.
North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality
Division of Waste Management – Underground Storage Tank Section
1646 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1646

Subject: Free Product Recovery Letter Report
A-1 Express
603 East Main Street
Lincolnton, Lincoln County, North Carolina
NCDEQ Incident No. 40451

Dear Mr. Ryals:

ATC Associates of North Carolina, P.C. (ATC) is pleased to submit the results of a mobile multi-phase extraction
(MMPE) event and subsequent groundwater gauging event at the A-1 Express site located at 603 East Main
Street in Lincolnton, Lincoln County, North Carolina. The activities were performed based on a April 6, 2023, Task
Authorization (TA-01) by the Trust Fund Branch of the Underground Storage Tank (UST) Section, Division of
Waste Management, North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality (NCDEQ). The work is being performed
as part of the State Lead Contract #N70522-B between NCDEQ and ATC.

The A-1 Express site historically operated three 4,000-gallon gasoline USTs and one 2,000-gallon gasoline UST
that were installed between 1964 and 1976 and removed in June 1989. Concurrent with UST removal, three
7,829-gallon gasoline USTs were installed and are still in use to, although they were temporarily closed between
April 2014 and July 2016. Figure 1 depicts the site on a topographic map and Figure 2 is a site map with
pertinent site features. There are no receptors located within the site vicinity.

Advanced Environmental Services, Inc. (Advanced) was subcontracted to perform an MMPE event from June 26,
2023, to June 30, 2023. On June 26, 2023, ATC used an oil/water interface probe to measure light non-aqueous
phase liquid (LNAPL) thicknesses at the site. LNAPL was present in monitoring wells MW-1 (6.80 feet), MW-2
(0.01 feet), MW-3 (0.21 feet), and MW-8 (3.91 feet). Only wells that historically indicated LNAPL were gauged.
Due to the limited size of the site property, the MMPE equipment was staged on the eastern adjacent property.
Due to the location of the MMPE equipment and the vehicular traffic associated with the onsite store, only well
MW-1 was used as an extraction point for the entirety of the event. However, in an attempt to abate LNAPL levels
in wells MW-2, MW-3, and MW-8, it was determined these wells would be used as extraction points from 10:30
p.m. to 8:00 a.m., while the onsite store was closed. Monitoring well construction details and LNAPL thicknesses
are included as Table 1.

The stinger depth was initially placed around 30 feet below ground surface and adjusted as needed throughout the
event. During MMPE activities, a liquid ring vacuum pump unit is plumbed to the designated extraction point, and
a drop pipe is extended into the well through an airtight seal at the top of the well casing and into the water column.
Throughout the MMPE process, a cone of depression forms around the designated recovery point by drawing
down the groundwater surface levels, thus causing impacted water surrounding the recovery points to be
extracted. Petroleum-impacted soil vapor within the cone of depression and the overlying vadose zone is removed
as part of the MMPE extraction process.

The MMPE event began at 11:55 am on June 26, 2023, was concluded at 11:55 am on June 30, 2023, and was
active for 96.0 hours. During the event, vacuum at the recovery pump ranged from 24.0 to 27.0 inches of mercury.
Airflow rates ranged from 900 to 1,050 feet per minute and stabilized at 900 feet per minute. System temperature
ranged from 118.0 – 134.0 °F, and humidity ranged from 46.0 to 62.0 percent. Field gauged volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) reduced from 50,000 parts per million (ppm) throughout the event. Approximately 4,170
gallons of total fluid and 58 gallons of LNAPL were recovered during the MMPE event. In addition, approximately
A-1 Express
August 10, 2023

ATC Project No. STL4045101 NCDEQ State Lead Program

TABLE

TABLE 1
WELL CONSTRUCTION AND GROUNDWATER ELEVATION DATA
A-1 EXPRESS
603 EAST MAIN STREET
LINCOLNTON, LINCOLN COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
INCIDENT #40451
Well ID Date Installed Screened
Interval (ft.)
Depth of Well
(ft.)TOC Elev. (ft.)Date Measured
Depth to
LNAPL
(ft.)
Depth to
Water
(ft.)
LNAPL
Thickness
(ft.)
Groundwater
Elevation
(ft.)
12/17/2016 29.90 39.67 9.77 61.74
1/18/2021 (Pre-AFVR)23.67 36.31 12.64 67.57
1/18/2021 (Post-AFVR)--36.81 --56.22
3/26/2021 22.86 34.81 11.95 68.47
2/17/2022 28.99 37.64 8.65 62.81
7/11/22 (Pre-MMPE)28.55 37.61 9.06 63.19
7/15/22 (Post-MMPE)41.10 41.14 0.04 51.92
8/12/2022 29.46 36.60 7.14 62.56
12/19/22 (Pre-MMPE)29.88 37.13 7.25 62.12
12/23/22 (Post-MMPE)--42.58 --50.45
1/24/2023 29.66 35.39 5.73 62.56
6/26/2023 (Pre-MMPE)27.61 34.41 6.80 64.46
6/30/23 (Post-MMPE)--40.90 --52.13
7/28/2023 26.94 34.29 7.35 65.05
12/17/2016 35.39 35.50 0.11 58.82
1/18/2021 (Pre-AFVR)--27.93 --66.30
2/17/2022 31.30 34.21 2.91 62.52
7/11/22 (Pre-MMPE)31.15 33.93 2.78 62.69
7/15/22 (Post-MMPE)31.49 34.47 2.98 62.32
8/12/2022 31.59 31.60 0.01 62.64
12/19/22 (Pre-MMPE)32.07 35.11 3.04 61.73
12/23/22 (Post-MMPE)32.78 32.98 0.20 61.42
1/24/2023 31.94 32.16 0.22 62.26
6/26/2023 (Pre-MMPE)29.33 29.34 0.01 64.90
6/30/23 (Post-MMPE)--29.81 --64.42
7/28/2023 --29.66 --64.57
12/17/2016 29.21 36.58 7.37 64.77
1/18/2021 (Pre-AFVR)27.87 29.43 1.56 66.94
2/17/2022 31.51 32.94 1.43 63.32
7/11/22 (Pre-MMPE)31.49 34.00 2.51 63.18
7/15/22 (Post-MMPE)31.79 34.58 2.79 62.84
8/12/2022 31.88 34.79 2.91 62.74
12/19/22 (Pre-MMPE)32.00 36.61 4.61 62.38
12/23/22 (Post-MMPE)33.21 33.60 0.39 61.76
1/24/2023 31.83 34.08 2.25 62.88
6/26/2023 (Pre-MMPE)29.34 29.55 0.21 65.66
6/30/23 (Post-MMPE)30.71 30.81 0.10 64.31
7/28/2023 29.95 30.06 0.11 65.06
MW-4 2/1/2022 20-40 40 91.66 2/17/2022 --30.21 --61.45
MW-5 2/1/2022 20-40 40 92.67 2/17/2022 --30.55 --62.12
MW-6 2/1/2022 20-40 40 95.35 2/17/2022 --29.28 --66.07
MW-7 2/1/2022 20-40 40 95.30 2/17/2022 --30.54 --64.76
2/17/2022 32.14 32.42 0.28 62.80
7/11/22 (Pre-MMPE)31.05 35.22 4.17 63.34
7/15/22 (Post-MMPE)31.29 35.48 4.19 63.10
8/12/2022 31.51 35.81 4.30 62.86
12/19/22 (Pre-MMPE)32.05 36.48 4.43 62.30
12/23/22 (Post-MMPE)33.10 33.30 0.20 61.85
1/24/2023 32.18 32.92 0.74 62.69
6/26/2023 (Pre-MMPE)28.64 32.55 3.91 65.79
6/30/23 (Post-MMPE)30.76 30.87 0.11 64.20
7/28/2023 29.33 31.95 2.62 65.28
Notes:
MW-2 12/13/2016 30-50 50 94.23
MW-8 2/1/2022 20-40 40 94.98
MW-1 12/13/2016 30-50 50 93.03
MW-3 12/13/2016 30-50 50 95.03
4. Groundwater elevation calculated using the following formula: TOC Elevation - Depth to GW + (0.8581*LNAPL Thickness).
3. TOC = Top of casing.
2. -- = LNAPL not detected.
1. LNAPL = Light non-aqueous phase liquid.
A-1 Express
August 10, 2023

ATC Project No. STL4045101 NCDEQ State Lead Program

FIGURES
2725 E. Millbrook Road, Suite 121
Raleigh, NC 27604
[phone]
FIGURE 1
SITE TOPOGRAPHIC MAP
PROJECT NO: SLC4045104
REVIEWED BY: AW SCALE:
1” = 1,400’ DATE: 08/2022
A-1 EXPRESS –INCIDENT #40451
603 EAST MAIN STREET
LINCOLNTON, NORTH CAROLINA
Source: NC One Map
N
Site
EAST MA
IN
STREETNORTH OAK STREETUSTBASINLEGEND:SITE PROPERTY LINENOTE: ALL LOCATIONS ARE APPROXIMATEPARCEL LINEMONITORING WELLWell Identification10SCALE: 1" = 30'02030NMW-4MW-5MW-8MW-7MW-1MW-2MW-3MW-6MW-1SITEBUILDINGCANOPYFigure:Drawing File:
Project Number:
Ckd. By:
Drn. By:
App'd By:
Ckd. Date:Scale:Date:H:\2022\1 OTHER OFFICES\NORTH CAROLINA\NCDEQ-STATE LEAD\A-1 EXPRESS\SLC4045103-SITE.DWG, FIG2
SITE MAP03/08/2022SEE LOWER LEFTA-1 EXPRESS
603 EAST MAIN STREET
LINCOLNTON, LINCOLN COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
NCDEQ INCIDENT #40451
SLC4045103AS SHOWNDH
AW2NOTES:
1.Features shown are not an authoritative location, nor are they presented
to a stated accuracy.
COORDINATE SYSTEM:
NAD 1983 NORTH CAROLINA STATE PLANE FIPS 3200, US SURVEY FEET
A-1 Express
August 10, 2023

ATC Project No. STL4045101 NCDEQ State Lead Program

APPENDIX A

FIELD NOTES
A-1 Express
August 10, 2023

ATC Project No. STL4045101 NCDEQ State Lead Program

APPENDIX B

PHOTOGRAPH LOG

Photo 1: A-1 Express site. Photo 2: MMPE equipment setup.
Site Photographs

A-1 Express – Incident #40451

603 East Main Street
Lincolnton, Lincoln County, North Carolina
2725 E. Millbrook Road, Suite 121
Raleigh, North Carolina
Tel: [phone] Fax: [phone]
Photos Taken By: JA Cooper Site ID: Incident #40451 ATC Project No.: STL4045101

Photo 3: MMPE equipment setup. Photo 4: MMPE connected to monitoring well MW-1.
Site Photographs

A-1 Express – Incident #40451

603 East Main Street
Lincolnton, Lincoln County, North Carolina
2725 E. Millbrook Road, Suite 121
Raleigh, North Carolina
Tel: [phone] Fax: [phone]
Photos Taken By: JA Cooper Site ID: Incident #40451 ATC Project No.: STL4045101

Photo 5: Monitoring well MW-1. Photo 6: Monitoring well MW-2.
Site Photographs

A-1 Express – Incident #40451

603 East Main Street
Lincolnton, Lincoln County, North Carolina
2725 E. Millbrook Road, Suite 121
Raleigh, North Carolina
Tel: [phone] Fax: [phone]
Photos Taken By: Brooke Boltz Site ID: Incident #40451 ATC Project No.: STL4045101

Photo 7: Monitoring well MW-3. Photo 8: Monitoring well MW-8.
Site Photographs

A-1 Express – Incident #40451

603 East Main Street
Lincolnton, Lincoln County, North Carolina
2725 E. Millbrook Road, Suite 121
Raleigh, North Carolina
Tel: [phone] Fax: [phone]
Photos Taken By: Brooke Boltz Site ID: Incident #40451 ATC Project No.: STL4045101
A-1 Express
August 10, 2023

ATC Project No. STL4045101 NCDEQ State Lead Program

APPENDIX C

MOBILE-MULTI PHASE EXTRACTION REPORT

ADVANCED
ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES, INC.
“Your Environmental Solutions Partner”

MOBILE
MULTI-PHASE
EXTRACTION REPORT

Site Location:

A-1 Express
603 East Main Street
Lincolnton, NC

Prepared for:

ATC Group Services
2725 E. Millbrook Road, Suite 121
Raleigh, NC 27604
PM – Aaron D. Springer, Staff Scientist

August 2, 2023

TABLE OF CONTENTS

EVENT SUMMARY

MMPE FIELD LOG

MASS-REMOVAL CALCULATION

FIELD NOTES

DISPOSAL MANIFESTS

MOBILE MULTI-PHASE EXTRACTION
EVENT SUMMARY

August 2, 2023

Location: A-1 Express
603 East Main Street
Lincolnton, NC

Client: ATC Group Services
2725 East Millbrook Rd., Suite 121
Raleigh, NC 27604

Event Dates: June 26 - 30, 2022
Advanced Job # 22 - 2339

Advanced Personnel: Scott Crook and Gary McDaniel

MMPE System: MMPE system rated 25”hg at 280 CFM
6’ discharge stack - 6” diameter
6,000 - gallon tanker
300’ of 1.5” and 1.0” hose to 4 wells
Extraction Well: MW-1, MW-2, MW-3 and MW-8

Well Initial FP / WL(ft) Final FP / WL(ft) Stinger depth(ft) Run Time
/Changed to
MW-1 27.61/34.41 40.90 30/32/34 96.0 hours
MW-2 29.33/29.34 31.74 30 11.0 hours
MW-3 29.34/29.55 31.81 30 33.0 hours
MW-8 28.64/32.55 31.46 30 44.0 hours

Description of Event:
The MMPE event ran from 11:55 June 26, 2023 to 11:55 June 30, 2023. The MMPE system was
active for 96.0 hours. During the event vacuum at the recovery pump ranged from 24.0 to 27.0
inches of mercury (hg) and stabilized at approximately 27.0 inches of mercury. Airflow rates
ranged from 900 to 1050 feet per minute and stabilized at approximately 900 feet per minute.
System temperature ranged from 118.0 – 134.0 degrees F and humidity ranged from 46.0 to 62.0
percent. Field gauged volatile organic compounds (VOC’s) maintained 50,000 parts per-million
(PPM) throughout the event.

Groundwater / Product Mix Recovered:
During the event a total of 4,170 gallons of product/water mix were removed from the site and
properly disposed at a certified North Carolina disposal facility. Approximately 58 gallons of
measurable free product was identified in the tanker following the event. Total fluids
recovered, was measured based on stick readings conducted during and following the event.
Based on 96.0 hours of operation and a total of 4,170 gallons recovered, the average
groundwater recovery rate was calculated to be approximately 43.43 gallons per hour.

Events Results:
Based on mass-removal calculations 1,593.10 pounds or 258.96 gallons of VOC’s were
removed as vapor. Following the event, no product was identified in any well.

MMPE FIELD LOG: 1
CLIENT: ATC
JOB NAME: A-1 Express
LOCATION: Lincolnton, NC
MMPE EVENT DATES: June 26 -30, 2023
EXTRACTION POINTS: MW-1, MW-2, MW-3 and MW-8
AES JOB NUMBER: 06 - 2339
DATE TIME FLOW (f/m) HUM.(%) TEMP. (F)VOC'S PRE VAC. (hg")GALLONS STINGER/WL's EXTRACTION POINTS (hg")
MW-1 MW-2 MW-3
Start 11:55 Stinger(ft)30/32/34 30 30
Initial WL's 27.61/34.41 29.33/29.34 29.34/29.55

06/26/23 12:30 900 62 118 50,000 27.0 25.0 off-line off-line
13:30 900 56 124 50,000 27.0 25.0 off-line off-line
20:20 900 52 128 50,000 27.0 25.0 off-line off-line
21:20 1,000 52 128 50,000 25.0 20.0 off-line off-line
06/27/23 8:10 1,000 52 128 50,000 25.0 990 gal.20.0 off-line off-line
10:10 900 48 132 50,000 27.0 25.0 off-line off-line
15:00 900 46 134 50,000 27.0 25.0 off-line off-line
20:40 900 50 130 50,000 27.0 25.0 off-line off-line
06/28/23 8:30 1,000 52 128 50,000 25.0 2,085 gal.22.0 off-line 10.0
10:30 900 50 130 50,000 27.0 25.0 off-line off-line
14:00 900 46 134 50,000 27.0 25.0 off-line off-line
21:00 900 50 130 50,000 27.0 25.0 off-line off-line
06/29/23 8:10 1,000 50 130 50,000 25.0 3,060 gal.21.0 off-line 10.0
10:10 900 48 132 50,000 27.0 25.0 off-line off-line
16:00 900 46 134 50,000 27.0 25.0 off-line off-line
21:00 900 50 130 50,000 27.0 25.0 off-line off-line
06/30/23 8:00 1,050 52 128 50,000 24.0 4,020 gal.25.0 6.0 6.0
11:40 900 48 132 50,000 27.0 25.0 off-line off-line

Final 11:55 Final WL's 40.90 31.74 31.81
Total Fluids 4,170 gal.
Tot Product 58 gal.
DATE TIME EXTRACTION POINTS (hg") VACUUM INFLUENCE H2O" WELL GAUGING (FEET)
MW-8
Stinger(ft) 30
Initial WL's 28.64/32.55
Start 11:55

06/26/23 12:30 off-line
13:30 off-line
20:20 off-line
21:20 13.0
06/27/23 8:10 13.0
10:10 off-line
15:00 off-line
20:40 off-line
06/28/23 8:30 10.0
10:30 off-line
14:00 off-line
21:00 off-line
06/29/23 8:10 10.0
10:10 off-line
16:00 off-line
21:00 off-line
06/30/23 8:00 6.0
11:40 off-line

End 11:55 Final w/l 31.46

Page 1 of 1
MOBILE MULTI-PHASE EXTRACTION EVENT
SITE NAME: A-1 Express CLIENT: ATC
INCIDENT NUMBER:
AVERAGE DEPTH TO GROUNDWATER: 27 - 30 feet
DESCRIBE SOIL IN THE SATURATED ZONE:AVERAGE HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY (if known):EXTRACTION WELLS USED FOR MMPE: MW-1, MW-2, MW-3 and MW-8
SPECIFICATIONS OF THE MMPE SYSTEM (cfm @ in Hg): 280 cfm @ 25.0"Hg
DRY STANDARD CUBIC FEET PER MINUTE (DSCFM) AIR FLOW CALCULATIONS (Qstd)
Date Hours Vacuum Velocity Pipe ID Temp Rel Humid Water Water Qstd(inches of Hg)(ft/min)(in)(°F)(%)Vapor (Wt%)Vapor (Vol%)(flow)
6/26/23 24.00 26.50 925.00 6 125 55.5 0.046 0.069 153
6/27/23 48.00 26.50 925.00 6 131 49.0 0.051 0.076 150
6/28/23 72.00 26.50 925.00 6 131 49.5 0.049 0.073 151
6/29/23 96.00 26.00 950.00 6 131 49.3 0.050 0.074 154
6/30/23
NOTES
Qstd = Flow at DSCFM
Vacuum = The level of vacuum being applied should be recorded from the MMPE system (inches of Hg)
Velocity = The rate at which air flows is measured at the blower discharge piping (anemometer or pitot tube)
Pipe ID = The inside diameter of the blower discharge piping (from the MMPE system)
Temperature = The temperature of the air stream exiting the blower discharge piping (dry bulb temp., in deg.°F)
Relative humidity = The % relative humidity of the air stream exiting the blower discharge pipingBwsw = water vapor % by weight, i.e., pounds of water per pound of dry air, derived from the Psychrometric chart (temp Vs relative humidity)
Bws = water vapor % by volume
EQUATIONS
Bws = (Bwsw/18 lb-mole H20)/[(1/28.84 lb-mole dry air) + (Bwsw/18 lb-mole H2O)]
Qstd = (1-Water Vapor) * velocity * (PI * (diameter/24)2) * (528°R/(Temp + 460))
EMISSION CALCULATIONS
Elapsed
Time Flow PPMmeasured PPMwet PPMdry K PPMconc Cc:m Cc PMRc PMRg PMR(hour)(DSCFM)(ppm)(#C - gas)(mg/dsm3)(lb/dscf)(lb/hour)(lb/hour)(lb)
24 153 50000 50000 53685 1 53685 26787 0.0016723 15.33 17.74 425.85
48 150 50000 50000 54086 1 54086 26987 0.001684777 15.16 17.55 421.17
72 151 50000 50000 53925 1 53925 26907 0.001679786 15.18 17.56 421.53
90 154 50000 50000 54006 1 54006 26947 0.001682282 15.58 18.03 324.55
Total emissions in pounds 1593.10
Total emissions as gallons (pounds / 6.152)258.96
NOTES
PPMmeasured = Actual measurements (ppm) taken with a OVA or TVA at the blower discharge piping
PPMwet = "wet" concentration
PPMdry = "dry" concentration
K = Number of carbons in calibration gas: (Methane K = 1, or Propane K = 3, or Hexane K = 6)
PPMc= PPMv, Volumetric concentration of VOC emissions as carbon, dry basis at STP
Cc:m = mg/dsm3, mass concentration of VOC emissions as carbon
Mc = 12.01 mg/mg-mole, molecular weight of carbon
K3 = 24.07 dsm3/106 mg-mole, mass to volume conversion factor at STP
Cc = lb/dcsf, mass concentration of VOC emissions as carbon, dry basis at STP
PMRc = lb/hr, pollutant mass removal rate of VOC's as carbonPMRg = lb/hr, pollutant mass removal rate of of VOC's as gasoline
PMR = lb, pollutant mass removal of VOC's as gasoline
EQUATIONS
PPMwet = PPMmeasuredPPMdry = (PPMwet)/(1-Bws)
PPMc = (PPMd)(K)
Cc:m = (PPMc)(Mc / K3)
Cc = (Cc:m)(62.43x10-9 lb-m3/mg-ft3)
PMRc = (Cc)(Qstd)(60 minute/hour)
PMRg = (PMRc)(Mg/Mcg)
PMR = (PMRg)(#hours)
MMPR Field Log
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