NCD980602163_19970213_Warren County PCB Landfill_SERB C_Work Plan for Excavation, Handling abd Storage of PCB Contaminated Soils-OCR

Recycled Paper
February 13, 1997
Mr. Michael Kelly, Deputy Director
Division of Waste Management
North Carolina Department of Environment, Health and Natural Resources
P.O. Box 27687
Raleigh, North Carolina 27611-7687
Reference: Work Plan
Warren County PCB Landfill
Warren County, North Carolina
S&ME Project 1054-97-670
Dear Mr. Kelly:
Please find four bound copies and one unbound copy of the Work Plan for the excavation,
handling, and storage of PCB contaminated soils from the Warren County PCB Landfill.
We received a copy of the letter dated February 11, 1997, from Mr. Winston Smith with
Region 4 of the USEPA. The attached Work Plan includes the revised decontamination
process and the Rinse Blank sample he requested.
We also have reviewed the Memorandum, dated February 10, 1997, from Mr. Pat Barnes,
concerning his review of the Draft Work Plan. His main concern in the Memo relates to the
recovery and conditions of the soil which will be used for the bench scale testing. The goal
as he stated, was to obtain relatively undisturbed materials for bench testing. This
approach was not stated nor specified in the Request for Proposal dated February 5, 1996,
or the Amendment dated September 18, 1996. Accordingly, our proposal and the
subsequent Work Plan are not based on procurement of relatively undisturbed bench test
S&ME, Inc. 3100 Spring Forest Road, Raleigh, North Carolina 27616, [phone], Fax [phone]
Mailing address: P.O. 13ox 58069, Raleigh, North Carolina 27658-8069
Mr. Michael Kelly
February 13, 1997
Page 2
materials. We suggest that this issue be resolved before we begin our field activities. If
it is determined that relatively undisturbed materials are needed, we will modify our Work
Plan, schedule, and budget accordingly. A decision to make such changes should be
made immediately, since we plan to mobilize equipment to the site this Friday, February
14, 1997.
Please call us at [phone] if you have any questions or if we can be of further
service.
Sincerely,
S&ME, INC.
/AA:1_/~~
Walt~~ J. ie'ckwith, P.G.
Senior Project Geologist
Donald F. Carter, P.E.
Vice President
97-670\0213cvr.ltr
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WORK PLAN
FOR EXCAVATION,
HANDLING, AND STORAGE OF PCB
CONTAMINATED SOILS
FROM THE
WARREN COUNTY PCB LANDFILL
WARREN COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
Prepared for:
North Carolina Department of Environment,
Health, and Natural Resources
Division of Waste Management
Raleigh, NC 27611-7687
S&ME Project No. 1054-97-670
Prepared by:
S&ME, Inc.
3100 Spring Forest Road
Raleigh, NC 27604
U/da~td'D
Walter J. lfeckwith, P.G.
Senior Project Geologist
~h~UI"~; >
Ann M. Borden, P.G., Vice President
Environmental Manager
February 13, 1997
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Work Plan
Warren County PCB Landfill
TABLE OF CONTENTS
S&ME Project No. 1054-97-670
February 13, 1997
Page
I 1.0 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
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2.0 WORK PLAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.1 OBJECTIVES OF THE FIELD INVESTIGATION .................. 3
2.2 SCOPE OF WORK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.2.1 Task 1 -Soil Boring and Well Construction ................. 4
2.2.2 Task 2 -Landfill Cap Evaluation .......................... 9
2.2.3 Task3-AquiferTestingoftheWells ..................... 12
2.3 DOCUMENTATION .................................. 13
2.4 DECONTAMINATION PROCEDURES ......................... 13
2.4.1 Sample Collection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.5 SAMPLE MANAGEMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.6 INVESTIGATIVE DERIVED WASTE MANAGEMENT ............. 16
2.6.1 Container Labeling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
2.7 SITE SECURITY .......................................... 17
3.0 QUALITY ASSURANCE PLAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
3.1 PROJECT ORGANIZATION ................................. 19
3.2 DATA QUALITY OBJECTIVES ............................... 20
3.3 VARIANCES AND FIELD CHANGES .......................... 21
3.4 FIELD INSTRUMENTATION ................................. 22
3.4.1 Preventative Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
3.5 FIELD DATA VALIDATION AND REPORTING .................. 23
3.6 PERFORMANCE AND SYSTEM AUDITS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
3. 7 CORRECTIVE ACTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
4.0 DATA MANAGEMENT PLAN ....................................... 26
4.1 REPORTING ............................................. 27
K:IWP51 OATAIENVIRONI 1997 JOBS\97670PCBIWORKPLN.FIN
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Work Plan
Warren County PCB Landfill
1.0 INTRODUCTION
S&ME Project No. 1054-97-670
February 13, 1997
The Warren County PCB Landfill is located on the east side of SR 1604, approximately 2
miles from the intersection of SR 1604 and US 401 South, approximately 2 to 3 miles from
Warrenton, North Carolina. Construction of the PCB Landfill began in June 1982 as a
cooperative agreement between the EPA Superfund Agency and the State of North
Carolina. The landfill is located on a 19.3 acre site, of which the PCB Landfill cell occupies
2.5 acres.
The Warren County PCB Landfill was designed to accept polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)-
laden soils excavated from the shoulders of approximately 241 miles of North Carolina
highways which had been contaminated by an illegal release in 1978. After completion of
the landfill in October 1982, 6,455 truckloads of roadside soil were disposed. In addition,
another 768 truckloads of PCB-contaminated soil from Ft. Bragg were also disposed at the
site. Reported concentrations of PCBs in soils within the landfill range from 150 to 900
mg/kg (parts per million), with an average concentration of 350 mg/kg. The principal PCB
congeners are Arochlor 1260 (61% percent by weight), Arochlor 1254 (27 percent) and
Arochlor 1242 (12 percent). Other organic contaminants include chlorinated benzene,
furans and dioxins present at parts per billion and parts per quadrillion concentrations.
The State of North Carolina is considering an option of detoxifying the PCB landfill, utilizing
appropriate and feasible technology. To allow local input on the State's efforts, a Warren
County PCB Landfill Working Group, made up of concerned Warren County citizens, has
been established and science advisors have been retained by the State.
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Work Plan
Warren County PCB Landfill
S&ME Project No. 1054-97-670
February 13, 1997
To proceed in evaluating a detoxification option, samples of the landfilled soils must be
procured from the landfill to allow bench scale studies. The purpose of the following work
plan is to describe the methods and procedures that will be used by S&ME, Inc., in
procuring the samples. The site-specific Health and Safety Plan (HASP) is submitted
under separate cover.
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Work Plan
Warren County PCB Landfill
S&ME Project No. 1054-97-670
February 13, 1997
2.0 WORK PLAN
The following Work Plan for the Warren County PCB Landfill has been developed for the
North Carolina Department of Environment, Health and Natural Resources, Division of
Waste Management (the Division). It is in response to the work scope identified in their
request for Proposal (RFP) dated February 5, 1996, as amended in the Memorandum
dated September 18, 1996, and the Division's January 31, 1997 request for the collection
and physical testing of additional samples of the landfill soils.
2.1 OBJECTIVES OF THE FIELD INVESTIGATION
The objectives of the field investigation at the Warren County PCB Landfill are:
• to obtain at least 24 cubic feet of the PCB-laden landfilled soils to permit
bench scale testing of possible methods for detoxifying the PCBs.
•
•
to install recovery wells in the boreholes for possible future water extraction .
to obtain relatively undisturbed samples of the landfilled soils for physical and
permeability testing.
• to evaluate the top liner at the two soil sample/recovery well locations.
• to perform aquifer testing in the recovery wells to evaluate the saturated
hydraulic conductivity of the landfilled soils.
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Warren County PCB Landfill
2.2 SCOPE OF WORK
S&ME Project No. 1054-97-670
February 13, 1997
The field activities can be divided into three tasks. Task 1 includes the drilling of two
borings, collection of soil samples, construction of the two wells, and containerization of the
four drums of landfill soils. Task 2 includes an evaluation of the upper liner system and
Task 3 includes hydraulic conductivity testing of the recovery wells. Activities to be
completed within each of the three tasks are discussed below.
2.2.1 Task 1 -Soil Boring and Well Construction
This task includes the drilling of two boreholes, the collection of soil samples and auger
cuttings, and the installation of two recovery wells. The two borings will be located along
the crest of the landfill where the landfill thickness is at a maximum. The borings will be
separated to provide areal coverage of the landfill cell.
A drill rig mounted on an A TV carrier with hollow stem augers will be used to drill the
borings. Since no obstructions are anticipated in the landfilled soils, the auger flights will
effectively remove the landfill soils for the pilot tests, allow the collection of undisturbed
and split-spoon samples, and facilitate the installation of the recovery wells.
Two near-surface undisturbed samples will be obtained at each boring location by pushing
two thin-walled tube samplers (Shelby tubes) from the ground surface to a depth of 2 feet.
These samples will be used to describe the engineering characteristics of the cover soils
over the upper liner system. The collection and testing of these samples is included within
Task 2 and is discussed further in Section 2.2.2.
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Work Plan
Warren County PCB Landfill
S&ME Project No. 1054-97-670
February 13, 1997
After collection of these samples, a small excavation will be opened at the boring location
and will be extended to the PVC membrane. After exposing the PVC membrane, a 14-inch
diameter hole will be opened in the membrane with a sharp knife.
After opening the hole in the PVC membrane, three undisturbed samples will be obtained
of the clay liner soils located directly beneath the membrane. The collection of these
samples also falls within Task 2 (Section 2.2.2). A piece of PVC pipe with an inside
diameter of approximately 14 inches will be inserted through the liner into the underlying
clay liner soil. The excavation above the PVC liner will be backfilled with soil to stabilize
the pipe. The pipe will be used during drilling to divert the auger cuttings onto a metal
collection surface. The collection surface will be used to separate the PCB-containing
landfill soils from contacting the ground surface during drilling, and to provide a smooth
surface to shovel the soil cuttings into drums. Figure 1 shows a schematic of the drilling
process.
It is our understanding that the Division desires the boreholes to penetrate the entire
thickness of the PCB-impacted soils and to obtain sufficient samples to characterize the
landfilled materials. Based on the RFP, we understand that the landfilled soils are a
maximum of 24 feet thick. It is our understanding that the bottom liner system is comprised
of a layer of geotextile fabric underlain by 8 inches of sand. The sand rests on top of 5 feet
of compacted clay that was placed on the lower PVC membrane. With an upper clay liner
thickness of approximately 5 feet, the bottom of the landfill is estimated to be approximately
29 feet below grade
Drilling into the landfill will be performed in two steps. The first step will utilize 3.25-inch
ID augers to collect a combination of split spoon and undisturbed samples continuously
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Work Plan
Warren County PCB Landfill
S&ME Project No. 1054-97-670
February 13, 1997
during advancement of the augers. Continuous undisturbed and split spoon sampling will
be examined for signs that the geotextile fabric and sand located above the lower clay and
PVC membrane have been reached. This geotextile and sand drainage layer will be
indicative that the base of the landfilled soils has been reached .
From the top of the landfilled materials (depth of 5 feet) to a depth of approximately 25 feet
from the ground surface, the sampling procedure will be to obtain two Shelby tubes
followed by a split spoon sample. Below a depth of 25 feet, split spoon samples will be
obtained continuously on one-foot intervals and examined for signs of the geotextile fabric
and sand layer. The final decision to terminate the boring will be made at the discretion
of the Division's on-site representative.
Table 1 shows the proposed sample types, depths and laboratory tests to be performed
on the landfilled soils. Depths shown in the table are referenced from the ground surface.
Actual sample depths and numbers will depend on the thickness of the landfill, sample
recovery, and actual soil composition. It is intended that two samples from the saturated
zone of the landfill materials will be tested for vertical permeability. Additional (or fewer)
samples may be collected if the total thickness of the landfill is greater or less than 24 feet.
Each sample will be assigned an unique sample identification that will allow determination
of the boring number, sample type and sample depth as referenced from the ground
surface. Similar samples will be obtained from the second boring, tentatively identified in
this plan as B-2.
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Work Plan
Warren County PCB Landfill
S&ME Project No. 1054-97-670
February 13, 1997
TABLE 1 -SUMMARY OF SAMPLES AND PROPOSED TESTS
Samgle Number Samgle Tyge Samgle Interval (bgs) Laborator:y Test
B1-ST-6 Undisturbed 4.0 -6.0 feet
B1-ST-7 Undisturbed 6.0 -8.0 feet Atterberg Limits
Grain Size Analysis
B1-SS-8 Split Spoon 8.0 -9.5 feet
B1-ST-9 Undisturbed 9. 5 -11 . 5 feet
B1-ST-10 Undisturbed 11 . 5 -13. 5 feet
B1 .. SS-11 Split spoon 13.5 -15.0 feet
B1-ST-12 Undisturbed 15.0 -17.0 feet -Atterberg Limits
Grain Size Analysis
Organic Content
B1-ST-13 Undisturbed 17.0 -19.0 feet
B1-SS-14 Split Spoon 19.0 -20.5 feet
B1-ST-15 Undisturbed 20.5 -22.5 feet -Permeability
Atterberg Limits
Grain Size Analysis
Unit Weight
Sp.Gr
Organic Content
B1-ST-16 Undisturbed 22.5 -24.5 feet -Permeability
Atterberg Limits
Grain Size Analysis
Unit Weight
Sp. Gr
Organic Content
B1-SS-17 Split spoon 24.5 -25.5 feet
B1-SS-18 Split spoon 25.5 -26.5 feet
B1-SS-19 Split spoon 26.5 -27.5 feet
B1-SS-20 Split spoon 27.5 -28.5 feet -Atterberg Limits
Grain Size Analysis
Organic Content
Undisturbed samples will be obtained with a thin wall (Shelby tube) sampler according to ASTM D-1587
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Work Plan
Warren County PCB Landfill
S&ME Project No. 1054-97-670
February 13, 1997
Both borings will be immediately terminated upon initial detection of either the filter fabric,
underlying drainage medium, or the lower compacted clay liner in the recovered split spoon
sample. Based on our understanding that the lower clay liner is five feet thick, both borings
are to be terminated well above the bottom PVC membrane.
After reaching the termination depth, the 3.25-inch ID augers will be removed and larger
augers advanced to the termination depth, as determined from the split spoon samples.
Based on an anticipated landfill thickness of approximately 24 feet, 12-inch OD augers will
generate the required volume of cuttings. The 12-inch augers will also be large enough
to set the 6-inch diameter recovery wells inside the auger casing .
With an anticipated total depth of 29 feet below ground surface (five feet of upper liner and
cap, and 24 feet of landfilled materials), each well will be constructed of 20 feet of 6-inch
diameter, PVC wire-wrapped screen with a slot opening of 0.010 inches. The screen will
be attached to 10 feet of Schedule 40 PVC riser pipe with flush-jointed threads (ASTM
F480-81) or equivalent. Figure 2 is a schematic of the well construction.
The annular space surrounding the screen will be filled with fine filter sand. The sand will
be extended from the bottom of the borehole to the base of the clay bridge lift beneath the
clay upper liner (three feet beneath the membrane). The annular space within the upper
liner will be filled with bentonite pellets. The pellets will be placed in 6-inch lifts, hydrated
with potable water and compacted slightly before placing the next lift. Additional 6-inch lifts
will be placed, hydrated, and compacted until the pellets are even with the membrane.
The well riser will be extended above grade at least 12 inches and capped with an
expandable locking cap.
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Warren County PCB Landfill
S&ME Project No. 1054-97-670
February 13, 1997
If any auger cuttings remain within the 14-inch PVC casing, they will be removed and
placed in either the sample drums for the bench scale testing or with the investigative-
derived soil waste that will also be containerized (see Section 2.6). The 14-inch temporary
PVC casing and drilling equipment will be moved from the boring. After sealing the liner
and backfilling the excavation at the conclusion of the upper liner evaluation (Task 2
below), a 24-inch square concrete pad will be constructed around the well casing .
2.2.2 Task 2 -Landfill Cap Evaluation
The landfill cap consists of a topsoil layer, an underlying layer of "liner-protection soils", a
10-mil thick PVC membrane, and two feet of compacted clay. Task 2 consists of an
evaluation of the various components that comprise the cap at the two borehole locations.
As described in Task 1 above, two undisturbed samples will be obtained of the cover soils
and three undisturbed samples will be obtained within the underlying clay liner at each
boring location. The first two Shelby tubes will be pushed within the area where the 14-inch
opening is to be made in the membrane. The second set of three Shelby tubes will be
pushed within the 14-inch PVC pipe after it is installed through the membrane. These
samples will be submitted to a laboratory for physical testing to determine their engineering
characteristics. The liner sampling program for the first boring, which will be repeated at
the second boring, is summarized in Table 2.
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Warren County PCB Landfill
S&ME Project No. 1054-97-670
February 13, 1997
TABLE 2 -SUMMARY OF PROPOSED SOIL LINER SAMPLES
Samgle Number Samgle Tyge Degth* Laboratoey Analyses
B1-ST-1 Undisturbed 0.0-2.0 ft. Unit Weight
Atterberg Limits
Grain Size Analysis
Natural Moisture
B1-ST-2 Undisturbed 0.0-2.0 ft.
B-1-ST-3 Undisturbed 2.0 -4.0 Laboratory Permeability
Atterberg Limits
Grain Size Analysis
Unit Weight
Natural Moisture
B-1-ST-4 Undisturbed 2.0 -4.0
B-1-ST-5 U nd istu rbed 2.0 -4.0
*Depths are referenced from the ground surface.
After installing the two recovery wells, an excavation will be made adjacent to the well
casing to expose the PVC liner. The excavations may be as large as 10 feet by 10 feet to
allow access to the membrane testing /evaluation. The topsoil will be removed with light
construction equipment such as a skid-steer loader if surface conditions permit. Topsoil
removed from the excavation will be stockpiled on plastic for reuse in filling the excavation.
The underlying "liner protection soils" will be carefully excavated by hand, using care not
to damage the 10-mil PVC membrane liner. These soils will also be stockpiled on plastic,
separately from the topsoil and reused in backfilling the excavation.
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Warren County PCB Landfill
S&ME Project No. 1054-97-670
February 13, 1997
The thickness of the topsoil and the "liner protective soil" will be measured from the walls
of the excavation. Soil conditions, such as relative compaction, evidence of biological
degradation of the cover soils by roots, animal burrows, or other visual observations will
be made. The vegetative cover will be described noting the lack or presence of stressed
vegetation, approximate depth of the root mat, etc.
The exposed membrane liner will be cleaned by sweeping the remaining soil from the liner
surface. After cleaning, the membrane surface will be inspected and photographed. If any
seams are exposed in the excavation they will be evaluated for leakage. An opening
measuring approximately 5 feet by 5 feet will be cut in the PVC membrane. The removed
portion will be washed at the site to remove any adhered soil with a non-phosphate
(Liquinox® or equivalent) detergent and potable water rinse. The cleaned liner sample will
be delivered to a laboratory and subjected to a number of laboratory tests in accordance
with applicable ASTM Standards. One set of each of the following tests are planned for
each location:
TABLE 3 -SUMMARY OF MEMBRANE LINER TESTS
Test
Tensile Properties
Thickness
Tear Resistance
Dimensional Stability
Density
Test Method
ASTM-D-638
ASTM-0-751
ASTM-D-1004
ASTM-D-1204
ASTM-D-1505
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Work Plan
Warren County PCB Landfill
S&ME Project No. 1054-97-670
February 13, 1997
The liner will be patched after completing the cap evaluation and removing the membrane
sample. Patching will be completed by an experienced liner installation/repair technician.
S&ME proposes to use Plastic Fusion Fabricators, Inc., located in Huntsville, Alabama, to
provide and install the patches. Repairs and QA/QC tests will be observed by S&ME
personnel.
A piece of geotextile clay liner (GCL) will be placed on top of the exposed clay as a cushion
and to prevent moisture changes in the clay liner. A piece of 10-mil PVC membrane
measuring approximately 6 feet by 6 feet will be placed on the GCL, centered on the cut
area, and attached to the liner. PVC primer and glue will be applied to the seam area with
an applicator bottle. The glued seam will be rolled with a pressure roller. The integrity of
the glued seam will be tested by performing an air lance test or blunt-end pick test.
After patching, the liner protection soils will be backfilled into the excavation and tamped
lightly. The topsoil removed from the excavation will be backfilled into the remaining
excavation and compacted slightly. A concrete pad will be constructed around the
completed well riser.
2.2.3 Task 3 -Aquifer Testing of the Wells
Both wells will be tested after installation, to determine the hydraulic conductivity of the
saturated landfill soils. The tests, commonly referred to as "slug tests" will be performed
by installing a pressure transducer in each well and immersing a 4-inch diameter PVC slug
in the well. The slug will be raised and lowered several times in the well, initially to
"develop" the well. The slug will be immersed and the transducer will monitor the rate of
water level stabilization in the well. After reaching stable conditions, the slug will be
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S&ME Project No. 1054-97-670
February 13, 1997
withdrawn and the well monitored a second time during stabilization of the water level. The
rate of change will be evaluated using numerical methods to estimate the saturated
hydraulic conductivity. Information from this test along with laboratory physical testing of
the soils will help in determining drawdown and volume capacity of the well during
dewatering of the landfill.
2.3 DOCUMENTATION
Field activities will be documented in a field logbook. All field logbooks will be permanently
bound with consecutively numbered, water-resistant pages. Pages will be dated and
notations of the time of day will accompany all logbook entries. Examples of the types of
information to be recorded in the logbooks include: general field conditions; day, date and
time each activity began; activities performed; weather conditions; names of personnel
present; locations and depths of field activities, such as sampling; names and
organizations of personnel visiting the site; instrument calibration data; and health and
safety monitoring instrument readings.
Entries in the logbooks will be made in waterproof ink. Corrections will be made by
drawing a single line through the incorrect entry followed by the initialing and dating of the
revision. The individual responsible for documenting each day's field activities will sign the
bottom of each page.
2.4 DECONTAMINATION PROCEDURES
S&ME will minimize the potential for PCB-containing materials to leave the site by
thoroughly cleaning all drilling equipment, both prior to the start of drilling and at the
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Work Plan S&ME Project No. 1054-97-670
February 13, 1997 Warren County PCB Landfill
completion of drilling. A high-pressure hot-water washer will be used to clean the drilling
equipment. Hollow stem augers, drill rods, and other tools that are hollow or have holes
that transmit water or drilling fluids will be cleaned on the inside and outside.
Fluids generated from the decontamination of drilling equipment will be contained on a
plastic-lined temporary decontamination pad . The rinsate and solids will be collected in the
decontamination pad and will be contained and disposed of in accordance with procedures
contained in Section 2.5, "Investigation-Derived Waste Management."
Drilling tools, water level measurement equipment, split spoons, and other tools and
equipment that come into contact with landfilled materials will be decontaminated
according to the following procedures:
•
•
•
Wash and scrub the equipment with a proprietary cleaning surfactant, such at Pipe
X-Metal X ™ as manufactured by Chemical Solutions International or equivalent
(Pipe X-Metal X product information and MSDS are included in the Appendix).
Allow the surfactant to remain in contact with the surfaces to be cleaned for 15 to
20 minutes. Wash with high pressure or steam.
Rinse with a 10 percent isopropanol and distilled water solution
Rinse with tap water, allow to air dry .
Nitrile or butyl rubber gloves will be worn by all personnel engaged in equipment
decontamination as dictated by the project Health and Safety Plan (HASP).
Decontamination fluids will be contained and disposed of in accordance with procedures
contained in the following section.
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Warren County PCB Landfill
2.4.1 Sample Collection
S&ME Project No. 1054-97-670
February 13, 1997
One rinse blank sample will be collected from a clean (decontaminated) randomly selected
auger flight and tested for PCBs. The rinse blank will be prepared by pouring laboratory-
supplied organic free water over the auger and capturing the rinseate in a laboratory
supplied container. The container will be submitted to laboratory analysis of PCBs by SW-
846 Method 8080. Sampling custody and handling are discussed in the following section.
2.5 SAMPLE MANAGEMENT
Sample containers will be labeled with individual sample identification numbers. The
information on the sample containers will include the client, sample identification number,
analysis to be performed, sample preservative (if any), date and time of sample collection,
and sampler signature. The sample containers will be pre-labeled, excluding date, time
and signature. Permanent ink will be used on sample labels so that they remain legible
when wet.
Sample custody in the field will be retained by the sampling team that collected the
samples and will be documented on the Chain of Custody forms. The samples will remain
in the actual possession of, or in view of, a member of the sampling team until they have
been placed in a designated secure area or relinquished to a shipping contractor.
Chain-of-Custody forms will be completed and signed by the field team leader before
shipping the samples to the laboratory. When custody is transferred to a bonded shipping
company, the Chain-of-Custody form will be signed and dated by the individual who
relinquishes custody and the air bill number will be recorded on the Chain-of-Custody form.
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Work Plan
Warren County PCB Landfill
S&ME Project No. 1054-97-670
February 13, 1997
The shipping documents from the bonded courier will be used in lieu of a signature on the
Chain-of-Custody form while custody is held by the courier. Alternatively, our personnel
may transport the samples directly to the laboratory, in which case the Chain-of-Custody
form will be signed by receiving personnel at the laboratory. These documents will be
retained and will become part of the Chain-of-Custody documentation.
Two custody seals will be affixed to the outside of each cooler when the samples are to be
shipped by a bonded shipping company. Each seal will be placed over the cooler lid seam,
signed, and dated. Reinforcing tape will be placed over the seal and around the cooler to
reduce the potential for accidental tearing in transit.
2.6 INVESTIGATIVE DERIVED WASTE MANAGEMENT
Implementation of the field investigation activities described in this plan are expected to
generate the following waste streams: soil cuttings, water drained from saturated landfill
soils (during drilling), decontamination fluids, used personal protective clothing, plastic
sheeting, and non-hazardous solid waste (trash).
Excess soil cuttings and solids remaining from equipment decontamination will be
containerized in DOT approved 17H drums, which will be kept closed and labeled to
identify their contents. Decontamination rinsate and water drained from the soil cuttings
will also be contained in drums, which will be kept closed and labeled as to their contents.
Well material packaging, decontaminated personal protective clothing and disposable
equipment, such as Tyvek™ coveralls, disposable gloves, disposable booties, respirator
cartridges, and paper towels, will be containerized for off-site solid waste disposal by the
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Work Plan
Warren County PCB Landfill
S&ME Project No. 1054-97-670
February 13, 1997
Division, provided that the materials are not contaminated. If these materials cannot be
cleaned, they will be containerized in a separate 55 gallon drum, identified as to contents
and disposed as PCB-containing wastes.
2.6.1 Container Labeling
PCB-containing materials will be containerized as discussed above. The containers will
be identified with the label (or similar) as shown on the next page.
2.7 SITE SECURITY
Security of the work area will be accomplished by use of the fence surrounding the
landfill cell and lockable entrance gates. Visitors will be required to sign in with the Site
Coordinator and will be subject to the requirements of the HASP.
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Work Plan
Warren County PCB Landfill
S&ME Project No. 1054-97-670
February 13, 1997
~""""""""~ ~ CAUTION ~ ~ CONTAINS ~
A toxic environmental contaminant requiring
special handling and disposal in accordance ~ ~ with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
~ Regulations 40 CFR 761-For Disposal lnforma-~
~ :~
0
;a~~:~a:~ct1::n~e:;:::11~:~11E;:~~~;:
1~:·u.s. ~
:111111111 Coast Guard National Response Center. :111111111
800-424-8802 ~ ~ Also contact: ____________ ~
~:"""" """ ~ Lab Safety Supply, Inc. Reorder No. G98
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Work Plan
Warren County PCB Landfill
3.0 QUALITY ASSURANCE PLAN
S&ME Project No. 1054-97-670
February 13, 1997
I The purpose of the Quality Assurance Plan is to provide quality assurance and quality
control procedures for the investigation activities that will be performed at the Warren
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County PCB Landfill. The requirements of this plan apply to all personnel involved in the
project.
3.1 PROJECT ORGANIZATION
The following is a description of key team positions for the proposed investigation activities.
Project Manager -Ann M. Borden, P.G.: the Project Manager is responsible for the
successful execution of the overall project. She is responsible for cost and schedule
control as well as technical quality. The Project Manager will communicate with the
Division and other designated parties on project progress.
Field Technical Supervisor-Walter Beckwith, P.G .: The Field Technical Supervisor is
responsible for organizing and supervising the field investigation activities, implementing
the quality assurance plan, and coordinating the daily activities of the field staff.
SeniorGeotechnical Engineer-Dan Brewer, P.E.: The Senior Geotechnical Engineer
is responsible for all technical decisions concerning testing, evaluating, and
recommendations for, the landfill liner system. He will assist the project manager in report
preparation and communications with the client and other designated parties as directed
by the client.
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Work Plan
Warren County PCB Landfill
S&ME Project No. 1054-97-670
February 13, 1997
Health And Safety Consultant-Mike Cashio, C.I.H.: The Health and Safety Consultant
will be responsible for approving the Health and Safety Plan (HASP) and approval of any
amendments to the plan. He will assist the Project Manager in all issues pertaining to
health and safety and communications with the client and other designated parties as
directed by the client.
TSCA and PCB Consultant-Gary M. Birk, P.E.: The TSCA and PCB Consultant will
assist the Project Manager on regulatory issues that might arise throughout the
performance of the project.
3.2 DATA QUALITY OBJECTIVES
The goal of quality assurance is to demonstrate that site activities are planned and
performed according to accepted standards and practices so that the resulting data are
valid and representative, while meeting safety requirements. Quality control is an integral I part of the overall quality assurance function and is comprised of those actions necessary
to control and verify that project activities and resulting data meet established
requirements.
The following elements will be completed to meet requirements specified by the client and
regulatory agencies.
• Field operations will be conducted in accordance with written procedures.
• Before project field work begins, project staff will be provided with appropriate work
plans, site specific health and safety plans, and associated documents.
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Work Plan
Warren County PCB Landfill
3.3 VARIANCES AND FIELD CHANGES
S&ME Project No. 1054-97-670
February 13, 1997
A variance is a project change that would not significantly affect the quality of the data
generated or change the rationale of the field procedures or data gathering location. All
variances must be recorded in the project field logbook.
A field change is a deviation from project requirements that will either adversely affect data
quality, cause a significant change in the cost of the field effort, cause a major change in
the scope of the field effort, or significantly delay the project schedule. Examples of this
type of change include:
• Significantly changing the number, location, or depth of borings/wells
• Modifying decontamination procedures
• Changing the drilling method or well construction design
• Significant changes to sampling methodology
Field changes must be documented on a field change request form and be submitted to
the Division and S&ME Project Manager for approval. Field changes will be reviewed by
the same S&ME organizational levels that performed the original document review and
approval. Field changes involving scheduling and costs must also be approved in writing
by the Division, prior to their implementation.
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Work Plan
Warren County PCB Landfill
S&ME Project No. 1054-97-670
February 13, 1997
I 3.4 FIELD INSTRUMENTATION
I Daily field calibration and standard operating procedures for field instruments are provided
in S&ME's Standard Protocols for Environmental Assessments and are not detailed here.
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Field instruments that would be used at the site include: electronic water level meter,
organic vapor analyzer, explosimeter/toxic gas analyzer, and landfill gas analyzer. Field
instruments will be field calibrated at the beginning and end of each day's activities.
Calibration records will be maintained in the field log book.
3.4.1 Preventative Maintenance
Field equipment calibrations will be conducted according to manufacturer's instructions.
General calibration procedures are described below.
• GA-90 Landfill Gas Analyzer -calibrations are performed in the field prior to and at
the completion of each day's use using two calibration standards. A calibration gas
blend similar to a 50 percent mixture of methane and carbon dioxide are appropriate
for landfill monitoring. A second standard of 5/95 percent mixture of oxygen and
carbon dioxide is used to calibrate for low levels of oxygen. Internal calibrations are
performed by the equipment coordinator. Annual calibration is performed by the
manufacturer.
•
•
Foxboro OVA (Flame ionization VOC detector) -calibrations are performed monthly
with methane standards by the equipment coordinator and at the beginning and end
of each day in the field by the sample team. Annual calibration is performed by the
manufacturer.
Neotronics Exotox Model 40 Explosimeter -calibrations are performed at the
beginning and end of each day with a flammable gas standard mixture of 1.15%
methane in air. The oxygen sensor is calibrated in fresh air to 20.9% oxygen. The
toxic gas sensor is calibrated using carbon monoxide or hydrogen sulfide
calibration gases.
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Work Plan
Warren County PCB Landfill
S&ME Project No. 1054-97-670
February 13, 1997
Documentation of field calibration includes recording the equipment model number and
serial number in the field logbook for each calibration. The lot number of calibration
standards will be recorded in the field logbook along with the parameters calibrated and
results of calibration. Other pertinent information will be recorded in the field logbook when
documenting the instrument calibration results. This information includes date, time of day,
and general weather conditions which may affect the instrument performance.
Field equipment is maintained and serviced by the S&ME equipment manager. Regularly
scheduled service is performed according to the manufacturer's instructions. Field
equipment is checked by the equipment manager prior to use in the field.
3.5 FIELD DATA VALIDATION AND REPORTING
Field instruments to be used by S&ME to evaluate ambient air and organic vapor levels are
direct-reading instruments. Therefore, field calculations and data reduction are not
necessary. Field data will be recorded in the field notebook by trained field technicians.
Data will be reviewed by the Field Technical Supervisor, who is responsible for the
collection and verification of field data. Data will initially be accepted or rejected by the
Field Technical Supervisor before leaving the site. Extreme readings (i.e., readings that
appear significantly different from other readings at the same site) will be accepted only
after the instrument has been checked for malfunction and the readings verified by
retesting .
Field documentation, data, instrument calibrations, and quality control data will be reviewed
by the Project Manager before being included in the project files and/or reported to the
Division.
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Work Plan
Warren County PCB Landfill
S&ME Project No. 1054-97-670
February 13, 1997
Should erroneous or missing data appear in the project documentation, the project
manager will cross check this information with the Field Technical Supervisor. If the Field
Technical Supervisor or his/her project notes cannot verify the data, the Project Manager
will be called on to make a final decision as to the quality of the data in question.
3.6 PERFORMANCE AND SYSTEM AUDITS
External audits of S&ME operations by the Division or regulatory agencies may be
performed at the discretion of the external organization. S&ME personnel will assist in
external audits of field and office activities.
3. 7 CORRECTIVE ACTIONS
The Project Manager is responsible for initiating corrective action. Corrective action steps
will involve problem identification, investigation of responsibility assignment, investigation,
action to eliminate the problem, increased monitoring of the effectiveness of the corrective
action, and verification that the problem has been eliminated.
Documentation of the problem is important to the overall management of the study. A
corrective action request is made for problems associated with data collection. The
request identifies the problem, establishes possible causes, and designates the person
responsible for action.
The corrective action request includes a description of the corrective action planned. The
Project Manager will verify that initial action has been taken and appears to be effective.
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Work Plan
Warren County PCB Landfill
S&ME Project No. 1054-97-670
February 13, 1997
The Project Manager will check to see if the problem has been fully resolved at an
appropriate later date. Documentation of corrective action requests and follow-up are
entered into a corrective action log. This permanent record will aid the Project Manager
in resolving problems.
Examples of corrective actions include, but are not limited to:
• Recommending an audit of field procedures
• Evaluation and amending field procedures
• Accepting the data and acknowledging the level of uncertainty or inaccuracy by
flagging the data and providing an explanation for the qualifications
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Work Plan
Warren County PCB Landfill
4.0 DATA MANAGEMENT PLAN
S&ME Project No. 1054-97-670
February 13, 1997
This Data Management Plan presents procedures to document and track investigation data
and results. Data generated by field and laboratory operations will be managed to
maintain the integrity of the reports and other project activities that are based on the data.
Data will be maintained by the Project Manager in the form of hard copy (e.g., field logs,
laboratory reports) and computer files. The data management procedures outlined in this
section are intended to provide for proper inventory, control, storage, and retrieval of data
and information collected during the investigations. The general chain-of-custody
procedures, sample labeling procedures, and other documentation are discussed in
Section 3.2, "Sample Management."
All incoming investigation related documents will be stamped with the date received and
then filed. If distribution is required, the appropriate copies will be made and distributed
to project personnel. A listing of personnel intended to receive copies will be attached to
the original document.
All information generated from field activities will be documented in the field logbook
All analytical documentation received from the laboratory will be retained and filed.
Laboratory documentation will be maintained for purposes of validating the data collected
during the investigation. Notes from project meetings and telephone conversations will be
maintained. These notes will be retained by the author until the conclusion of the project,
at which point they will be filed along with other project documents. The Project Manager,
or their designee, will be responsible for maintaining these documents as they are
received.
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Work Plan
Warren County PCB Landfill
S&ME Project No. 1054-97-670
February 13, 1997
Project files will be maintained in a secure, limited access area and under custody of the
Project Manager. The file shall include all data, logs, field notebooks, pictures, progress
reports, and other relevant records. All outgoing project data and reports will be distributed
through the Division. The project manager will maintain a log of all project documents
forwarded to the Division.
4.1 REPORTING
When all of the investigation activities have concluded and the data have been validated,
a report will be prepared . The report will describe the field activities performed at the
landfill facility, organize and summarize the data collected in suitable tabular or graphical
formats, and provide any appropriate comments or observations. The report will include
copies of the original laboratory data reports. Four copies of one draft report will be
submitted to the Division for review.
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8 1 / 4" ID HOLLOW STEM AUGERS
55 GALLON DRUMS
FOR SOIL CUTTINGS
DRILL RIG
NOT SHOWN
RUBBER SEAL
lkf:---14 n PVC
PVC MEMBRANE
RUBBER SEAL IS A TIGHT
FIT ON OUTSIDE OF PVC
PIPE -OVERLAPS OPENING
IN PAN.
PROPOSED SOIL CONTAINMENT
DURING DRILLING
WARREN COUNTY PCB LANDFILL
WARREN COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA • EN~RONMENTAL SER~CES
ENGINEERING · TESTlNG
CASING
Scale: None
Fig No. _1 ____ _
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REPLACED SOILS
REPLACED PROTECTIVE
SOILS -COMPACT LIGHTLY
I._
LIMI ~%~~~ EX CAVATI Y, Y, >'>--;✓,
-----

-
-11 =1 I 1=ITT=ITT=1
PVC MEMBRANE PATCH
BENTONITE PELLET SEAL---31+.:
·: .
....
6" SCH 40 PVC RISER-~
(ASTM F-480-81)
··.
·-· .·.·-·:. .. .. .·. ·: .·.-.:
6" X 20' PVC WELL SCREEN ---½-·:~· = :·.
FILTER SAND PACK
·-· . . ..
··. ·.·.-:. .·.--·:-:-·. -::_ ·.·--: . . ·-· . .
12" NOMINAL-~
BOREHOLE
DIAMETER .. -.. .. .• ·.·. -::
·.--·: .. .. ··-·· . . . . . .
6" EXPANDING WELL CAP WITH PADLOCK
CONCRETE PAD
TOPSOIL
~ PROTECTION SOILS___?
10 MIL PVC MEMBRANE
~ COMPACTED CLAY CAP___?
~CLAY BRIDGE LIFT~
~ LANDFILLED SOILS___?
FILTER FABRIC
~SAND___?
5' SEPARATION BETWEEN
BOTTOM OF BOREHOLE
AND BOTTOM LANDFILL LINER ~ 5' COMPACTED CLAY LINER ___?
PROPOSED BOREHOLE/WELL
CONSTRUCTION
BOTTOM PVC MEMBRANE LJNER
Scale: None
12"
12"
24"
12"
24'
5'
WARREN COUNTY PCB LANDFILL
WARREN COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA • EN'1RONMENTAL SER'1CES
ENGINEERING · TES11NG
Fig No._2 _____ _