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Home My WebLink AboutNCD980602163_20000301_Warren County PCB Landfill_SERB C_Site Operations Work Plan-OCRWARREN COUNTY PCB LANDFILL SITE OPERATIONS WORK PLAN Prepared for: North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources Division of Waste Management EraV'■rc»ra--e,rat.a ■, ■rac. BF A Environmental Consultants Barnes, Ferland and Associates, Inc. March 2000 Site Operations Work Plan Warren County PCB Landfill SITE OPERA TIO NS WORK PLAN TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................... l 1.1 Purpose and Scope ......................................................................................... l 1.2 Content of the Site Operations Plan ............................................................... l 1.3 SiteSetting ..................................................................................................... 2 2.0 SCOPE AND OVERVIEW ....................................................................................... 6 2.1 Site Facilities/Site Preparation ....................................................................... 6 2.1.1 Required Utilities .............................................................................. 6 2.2 Sequence of Activities ............................................................................. 8 2.3 Detoxification Criteria ................................................................................... 9 2.3 .1 Criteria for Excavation ...................................................................... 9 2.3.2 Criteria for Treatment and Backfilling ........................................... 10 2.4 Site Restoration ............................................................................................ 10 2.4.1 Equipment Decontamination, Dismantlement and Demobilization ......................................................................... 10 2.4.2 Final Site Grading ........................................................................... 11 2.4.3 Restoration of Site Vegetation ........................................................ 11 3.0 SITE EXCAVATION PLAN .................................................................................. 12 3.1 Introduction .................................................................................................. 12 3.1.1 Existing Features .............................................................................. 12 3.1.2 General Sequence ............................................................................. 14 3.1.3 Design Basis Criteria ....................................................................... 14 3.2 Quantities ....................................................................................................... 25 3.2.1 Clean Material ................................................................................. 25 3 .2.2 Contaminated Material 26 ETG Environmental, Inc./ BFA Environmental Consultants -i-March 2000 Site Operations Work Plan Warren County PCB Landfill 3.3 Environmental Controls .............................................................................. 26 3.3.1 Dust Suppression ............................................................................. 26 3.3.2 Erosion and Sediment Controls ...................................................... 26 3.3.3 Demarcation Zones 27 3.4 Support Facilities ......................................................................................... 27 3.4.1 Material Storage Aiea .................................................................... 27 3.4.2 Vehicle Management Areas ............................................................. 28 3.4.3 Detoxification Support Area ............................................................ 28 4.0 BASE CATALYZED DECOMPOSITION (BCD) DETOXIFICATION PROCESS ............................................................................. 31 4.1 BCD Detoxification Process Set Up ........................................................... 31 4.2 Performance Demonstration Test 32 4.2.1 Contaminated Material Preparation ............................................... 33 4.2.2 Clean Material Testing ............................................... ~ .................... 34 4.2.3 CBCD Ramp Up Test ..................................................................... 34 4.2.4 BBCD PD Testing ........................................................................... 35 4.2.5 CBCD PD Testing_ ........................................................................... 35 4.2.6 LBCD PD Testing ........................................................................... 36 4.2.7 Performance Demonstration Report ................................................ 37 4. 3 · Interim Operations .............................................. .-........................................ 3 7 4.4 Full Scale Operation Material Preparation .................................................. 37 4.4.1 Landfill Excavation and Staging Area ............................................ 38 4.4 .2 Untreated Material Sampling and Analytical Screening .............. 38 4.4.3 Screening Plant ................................................................................. 38 4.4.4 Magnetic Separator ......................................................................... 39 4.4.5 Pugmill Plant ................................................................................... 39 4.4.6 Blended Material Stockpile ............................................................ 40 4.4.7 Material Blending Control System ................................................. 40 4.5 Continuous Solid Phase BCD System ........................................................ 41 4.5.1 CBCD Feed System ........................................................................ 41 4.5.2 CBCD Desorber ................................................................................ 42 4.5.3 CBCD Rehydration System ............................................................. 43 4.5.4 CBCD Vapor Recovery System (VRS) ......................................... 43 4.5.5 Cooling Tower ................................................................................. 44 ETG Environmental, Inc. I BFA Environmental Consultants -ii-March2000 Site Operations Work Plan Warren County PCB Landfill 4.6 4.5.6 4.5.7 4.5.8 4.5.9 SITE OPERA TIO NS WORK PLAN TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Chiller ................................................................................. . Emergency Backup Systems .. , ........................................... . CBCD Process Monitoring Procedures ............................ . CBCD Waste Feed Cutoff Systems ................................. . Batch Solid Phase BCD (BBCD System) ...................................... . 45 45 46 48 50 4.6.1 BBCD Feed System ........................................................................ 51 4.6.2 BBCD Desorber ..... : ......................................................................... 51 4.6.3 BBCD Rehydration System ............................................................. 52 4.6.4 BBCD Vapor Recovery System (VRS) ......................................... 52 4.6.5 Cooling Tower ................................................................................. 53 4.6.6 Chiller ................................................................................................ 53 4.6.7 Emergency Backup Systems ........................................................... 53 4.6.8 BBCD Process Monitoring Procedures ......................................... 54 4. 7 Batch Liquid Phase BCD (LBCD System) ................................................ 54 4.7.1 LBCD Process Monitoring Procedures .......................................... 56 4. 8 Process Condensate Separation and Aqueous Phase Treatment (PCSAPT) System ............................................................ , ........ 58 4.8.1 Process Condensate Separation System ......................................... 58 4.8.2 Aqueous Phase Treatment System ................................................. 59 4.8.3 PCSAPT System Operation ............................................................ 59 4.9 Common Systems ....................................................................................... 60 4.9.1 No. 2 Fuel Oil System ................................................................... 60 4.9.2 Nitrogen Cylinders ........................................................................... 61 4.9.3 Propane System ................................................................................ 61 4.9.4 Plant and Instrument Compressed Air ........................................ ~·.61 4.9.5 Water Storage Tank ........ , ................................................................ 61 4.9.6 Cooling Tower and Chiller ............................................................ 61 4.9.7 Supervisory Control and Pata Acquisition System ...................... 62 4.9.8 Electrical Distribution Center ...................................................... ' .. 65 4. 9. 9 Maintenance / Parts Inventory ........................................................ 65 ETG Environmental, Inc./ BFA Environmental Consultants -iii-March 2000 Site Operations Work Plan Warren County PCB Landfill 5.0 6.0 SITE OPERA TIO NS WORK PLAN TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) 4.10 Project Schedule ........................................................................................... 66 4.10. l Site Work Hours 67 PERSONNEL OPERATIONS AND STAFFING ................................................ 68 5.1 Key Personnel .............................................................................................. 68 5.2 Organizational Responsibility ..................................................................... 68 5. 3 Supervisor Safety Responsibilities ............................................................. 69 5. 4 Employee Safety Responsibility .................................................................. 69 5.5 Subcontractor Responsibilities .................................................................... 70 5.6 Site Staffing .................................................................................................. 70 5. 7 Site Personnel Training ............................................................................... 71 5.7.1 Health & Safety Training ............................................................... 71 5.7.2 Emergency Response Training ....................................................... 72 5. 7.3 Site Operations Training ................................................................. 72 SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS FULL-SCALE OPERATION ........................... 73 6.1 Types of Samples .......................................................................................... 73 '• 6.2 Untreated Materials 78 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.2. L Performance Demonstration (PD) Sampling Untreated Materials ......................................................................... 78 6.2.2 Excavation Sampling Untreated Materials .................................... 78 6.2.3 Post Excavation Sampling Untreated Soils ................................... 78 Treated Materials ......................................................................................... 79 6.3. l Performance Demonstration (PD) Sampling Treated Materials ............................................................................. 79 6.3.2 First Two Weeks Full-scale Operations Sampling Treated Materials ............................................................ 79 6.3 .3 Remainder Full-scale Operations Sampling Treated Materials ............................................................................. 79 Liquid BCD Detoxification System Sampling ......................................... 80 Process Condensate Separation and Aqueous Phase Treatment Sampling ......................................................................... 80 ETG Environmental, Inc. / BF A Environmental Consultants -iv-March 2000 Site Operations Work Plan Warren County PCB Landfill 7.0 SITE OPERA TIO NS WORK PLAN TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) 6.5.1 Filter Cake Sampling ....................................................................... 80 6.5.2 Sand Filter Influent Sampling ...................................................... 80 6.5.3 Midfluent Carbon System Sampling ........................................... 81 6.5.4 Effiuent Carbon Treatment Sampling ........................................... 81 6.6 CBCD Quencher I Scrubber Recycle ......................................................... 81 6.7 Storm Watch/ Decontamination Water Sampling ...................... ----······-··· 81 6.8 Miscellaneous Sampling .............................................................................. 82 AIR MONITORING ................................................................................................ 83 7.1 Background Monitoring .............................................................................. 83 7.2 Meteorological Station ................................................................................ 83 7.3 Construction Monitoring ............................................................................. 83 7.4 Landfill Excavation ................................................................... _ .. __ ............. 83 7.5 BCD Processing Area .................................................................................. 83 7.6 Stack Emission Monitoring ......................................................................... 84 7. 7 Stack Testing ................................................................................................ 84 7. 8 Perimeter Area ............................................................................. _ .. _ ......... __ 84 7. 9 Engineering Controls .................................................................. _ ............. _ .. _84 8.0 PERMITTING .......................................................................................................... 85 FIGURES 1-1 Vicinity Map 1-2 Site Survey 2-1 Proposed Site Layout 3-1 Typical Cross Section through Proposed Landfill 3-2 Proposed Excavation Cells 3-3 Phase I Excavation Activities 3-4 Phase 2 Excavation Activities 3-5 Phase 3 Excavation Activities 3-6 Phase 4 Excavation Activities ETG Environmental, Inc. / BF A Environmental Consultants -V-March2000 Site Operations Work Plan TABLES SITE OPERA TIO NS WORK PLAN TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) 4. 5-1 Process Monitoring for CBCD Warren County PCB Landfill 4.5-2 Preliminary List of Waste Feed Cutoff Conditions for CBCD 4.6 Process Monitoring for BBCD 4. 7 Process Monitoring for LBCD 6-1 Sampling / Analysis Full Scale Operation ETG Environmental, Inc. I BFA Environmental Consultants -vi-March 2000 Site Operations Work Plan Warren County PCB Landfill AMP BCD BBCD CBCD CHSO CLP CP&L CPM CPR CQAP EPA ETG FD FTO FVCSP HASP ID LBCD NCAC NCDENR PCSAPT PD PDP PLC PM PPE QA QC SM SOP SOWP TAHA THC roe TSCA TSS SITE OPERA TIO NS WORK PLAN TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) LIST OF ACRONYMS Air Monitoring Plan Base Catalyzed Decomposition Batch Vacuum Solid Phase BCD/Thermal Desorption Unit Continuous Solid Phase BCD/Thermal Desorption Unit Corporate Health and Safety Officer Contract Laboratory Program Carolina Power & Light Continuous Process Monitor Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation Contractor Quality Assurance Plan Environmental Protection Agency ETG Environmental, Inc. Forced Draft Flameless Thermal Oxidizer Final Verification/Confirmation Sampling Plan Health and Safety Plan Induced Draft Liquid Phase BCD North Carolina Administrative Code North Carolina Department of Environmental and Natural Resource Process Condensate Separation and Aqueous Phase Treatment Performance Demonstration Performance Demonstration Plan Programmable Logic Controller Project Manager Personal Protective Equipment Quality Assurance Quality Control Site Manager Environmental Investigations Standard Operating Procedures and Quality Assurance Manual Site Operations Work Plan Task Assessment/Hazard Analyses Total Hydrocarbon Total Organic Carbon Toxic Substance Control Act Total Suspended Solids ETG Environmental, Inc. I BFA Environmental Consultants -vu-March2000 Site Operations Work Plan UPS VRS WESP WFC SITE OPERA TIO NS WORK PLAN TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) LIST OF ACRONYMS (Continued) Uninterruptible Power Supply Vapor Recovery Systems Wet Electrostatic Precipitator Waste Feed Cutoff ETG Environmental, Inc. / BF A Environmental Consultants· -viii- Warren County PCB Landfill March 2000 Site Operations Work Plan Warren County PCB Landfill 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Purpose and Scope The State of North Carolina (State) has retained the services of ETG Environmental, Inc. (ETG) and Barnes, Ferland and Associates, Inc. (BF A) to prepare this site-specific Site Operations Work Plan (SOWP) for the detoxification of the existing PCB Landfill located in Warren County, North Carolina. This project has been authorized by the North Carolina Department of Environmental and Natural Resources (NCDENR) and will be funded jointly by the State of North Carolina and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The SOWP describes the logistics to be used at the site to detoxify the PCB Landfill based upon the contract documents. The contract documents are performance based and therefore, allows for contractor discretion and variances in approaches and techniques. The successful contractor will need to modify this SOWP to be consistent with and specific to its operation. The general scope of the detoxification project is to ( 1) prepare the site and construct the required infrastructure; (2) excavate the affected material; (3) treat the affected material utilizing BCD technology for both solid and liquid phases; ( 4) construct a storm water management system which will adequately capture and treat stormwater sufficiently for reuse or discharge; (5) perform site restoration involving backfilling and compaction of treated material and re-vegetating the site; and (6) involve the community in the project to encourage economic development and ultimate reuse of the site. In March 1998, ETG submitted a preliminary design document (Phase II) to the State for detoxification of the Warren County PCB Landfill using Base Catalyzed Decomposition (BCD) technology. This document was approved by the State as the basis for final design for the detoxification of the Landfill facility. Such closure was deemed by the State to be an effective means of fairly addressing key issues of the "Notice of Non- compliance" issued by the EPA for the facility, as well as meeting the commitment made by the State to detoxify the landfill when technically feasible. Since the submittal of the preliminary design document, the North Carolina legislature has incorporated the utilization of BCD for the landfill detoxification into law and has specified the appropriate treatment standards required for the detoxification of the landfill. It is anticipated that full funding for the project will be secured through appropriations from the North Carolina Legislature with some matching funds from the Federal Government. 1.2 Content of the Site Operations Plan Sections 2 through 8 of this document provide the operating scenario and sequence for the proposed actions required to detoxify and restore this site in conformance with the contract documents including the following plans, developed for this project. ETG Environmental, Inc/ BF A Environmental Consultants I March 2000 Site Operations Work Plan Warren County PCB Landfill • Health and Safety Plan • Community Outreach and Involvement Plan • Performance Demonstration Plan • Air Monitoring Plan • Quality Assurance Plan • Final Verification/Confirmation Sampling Plan • Construction Quality Assurance Plan • Emergency Response Plan These documents outline a minimum level of detail that the Contractor will be required to provide. Upon contract execution, the selected Contractor will be required to make each plan consistent with and specific to its operation. 1.3 Site Setting The existing PCB Landfill is located in the southwestern portion of Warren County, North Carolina. The State owns 19 .317 acres of the property surrounded by the property owned by Warren County. The landfill site is accessed from State Road 1604 by a dirt road located in a State right-of-way vehicular. Access to the property is restricted by a chain at the landfill property line and personnel access to the landfill is restricted then by a chain link fence that surrounds the landfill proper. The landfill is currently closed and is covered by vegetation (i.e., grass). The area surrounding the landfill varies from cleared, grassy areas to dense forest. Figure 1-1 provides a vicinity map of the site, Figure 1-2 shows the property boundaries, and Figure 1-3 shows the survey of the existing site. ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 2 March2000 ssR '\ '\2'-' -,_401 r' ----~• 'i 4011 19J8~e-:-Stre<:i USA _ Figure 1-1 Warren County Landfill Location Map ~ G'Q,Q, Q,C}' J ~ ~?. c5' .~ SR 1604 ~-~ -:, ~ ¥ Q ~ g, .... er (/) (/) Bridle Cre County Landfill ~o~ ?. {=>C.:f C ~ '°~ ' I .J ~ ~ f ~: }' 1.:-· , 1 ~ 0 w 2 <l'. z w _j i:;: 0 0 <{ u ... / \ / : / \ / \ / \ / i / \ / \ / \ / \ / : / \ / \ / \ / \ // \ / : + I \ .... I \ ♦ • ~ I + I ' .. ~ I ' ~ I ' ~ I ' / ' / \ / \ I \ // I \ / COUNTY OWN[D LANDS \ / / ..,_,~---;;~--;;;--;:--;;--;;;;-::;-;; 7 / r··-··-··-··-··-··-·· .......... ··-··-··-··-··-··-··"J'··-··~,-"'"·1 I / , ~v,..✓>x ,-:>:::-::-, ! / I V ,'/-'-' I : : -~-', .•"//': / / • ,---7 '/,:--;~,,-;( ,,,j ! / : ,'//,,// ,/,-: I I ~/' /''I : { . . / ,, ; ,, , . I I ~ I LANDFILL AU:A I ~.</?:/ Ai ! ' L _J ///,,//,. , ___ -,, i : - - -: ,//,'v__...,. ,,,',/~ A : I l ,,,,, ,-/,,, // l ! / i ~V///////,,1 i ••• , -· ., ,, ,,/ I L--~ -~ ) ST A TE OW NC D LAN D S : ·>··//>_ ,--··> !!s '· l / ~----1/,::,<::,.;,,,) f "·-L..✓-.·-··-··-··-··--"'llllP-••-··-··-··-·· . ..L/.~ . .L .• .J ! \ / .\ : ' ! •. I OWNED i i j .\ I ··--·-··-··-'·· j ··--------------"'tliiipt.____ '··, i ··-··-··-··-··-.. __________________ ·-,. i . ·, "\(< OVERALL ~CT MAP SCII.E: N.T.S. ,,, ,, ,,,, ,, ,,, ,~, I\ I I -Ji ,Yf' l::s-~ C0Nll!AC10R SHAU. NOT ENClll0IOI ON 1HIS PNlal. --...-. ICi\:I ENVIROMENTAL, INC. BF A Environmental Consultants Barnes, Ferland and Associates, Inc. 3655 Maguire Blvd Suite 150, Orlando, FL, 32803 PH: (407) 896-8608 FAX: (407) 896-1822 EXISTING PROPERTY BOUNDARY MAP PRO..ECT NO.: 99001 = FIGURE 1-2 .... \ '· ... .... .. __ I', \ . •. ...... ~· ....... ., ... .... , , I ....... ...... . .... .:__·- ' --.. ,oo.-zsL ·--'•. --' M,.g ~t.08S· . .... !J I ,, ~L0+ I I I I I I . : : : I I I : i I : 1 I 1 :-:: I I I I f r I • ' , I ; [I i:11.1 I i _; I I I I I I I , I I I • I • I I I . ,r : ____ .... _..,._ ~ ..... , ~ \ I \ \ ............. ', \ ' \ .. -. ··_ ...... ;-•.~·-... ~---·:, ··-· I I I I _,,. 1 l ..,;.., \ '\ / ,/ ~ .. _,. J ....... ,,,, .. ....,,__: ..... \,. '· \ . 1 I 1 ' i ""'•'-· ,.... \ \ I \ '.'1 \ "'Irr~ I I ,' I I ' I : J.J ,'/ ,•. / J I J I t I I ' I I i I I I / "'f · I I, I I I ' ·-~ I ...... I / I I ', ,...... 1·, .. fftt / /-~-...,,_ .. ...... '"" .. ... , I ...... ./ .. t ..... ,'~:.·~~-l~•: ; • I I,• ' ii .:. '"1~- •• ~"'· ,•• '/ I L ...... I ·-· .l!l C jg ::s er, C 0 u ct! ...... C ~ E C e ·s C LLJ CJ > 0:: ::J (f) w f--(f) ]~~ ~., itt:~ ,!!J c-~ tl "15 "--0 ~~ ~~~ ~-] ... (!J~ -0(}5 C: 1:i {!~i Lt ~ -~ V) ~"' ~::f' E~? ~~ ~ u ,:,, z ....J <! Irr• f-z w l,ILI ::E 0 c::: > z w 8M0'3r-J'v'N 371.:! OO'v'J Site Operations Work Plan Warren County PCB Landfill 2.0 SCOPE OVERVIEW This section provides a general overview of the work that the Contractor must complete to meet the project objectives. It also identifies the criteria under which the contaminated material will be excavated and treated and the requirements that must be met by the Contractor for restoration of the site. 2.1 Site Facilities/Site Preparation The Contractor is required to construct and maintain site facilities that are necessary to support the BCD Process and associated excavation activities. Specific requirements are detailed in the contract documents. At a minimum, the Contractor shall provide the following support facilities: • Office Facilities for the project duration • Electrical Power Distribution System • Potable Water Distribution System • Fuel Storage and Distribution System • Telephone and Fax Service • Site and Security Lighting • Access/Haul Roads and Parking Areas • Sanitary Waste Provisions • Concrete and Asphalt pads for BCD Process and Soil Handling Areas • Stabilized Areas for Soil Stockpile Areas • Stormwater Management System • Shelters for the Process Condensate Treatment System and Soil Handling Areas The Contractor is responsible for constructing a facility as detailed in the Contract Construction Drawings and Specifications. Figure 2-1 shows the general arrangement of the proposed site layout. The Contractor is also responsible for operating and maintaining the site and site facilities in a safe and efficient manner. 2.1.1 Required Utilities Utilities required to support the detoxification of this site include electricity, water, sanitary waste handling, fuel and telephone. Utilities will be provided as follows: • Electricity -The Contractor will coordinate with Carolina Power and Light to provide an electric service to the site via overhead power lines. The Contractor will be responsible for providing power distribution throughout the site. ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 6 March2000 ' ~= 0 3:: -0 w L <( z w _, G:: 0 0 <( _) e % et~ •r°" REGRADED EXISl1NG POMO NEW LINED POND STORMWATDI PIJIIP STATION :D I I ~ ~ ' -Ii! ~ " ..; ;; "E ~ ~~ """"' . '. '1 " ;:; •-•-/ ■ I I / ~ ~ I • j I I " / / " ,-.. -.------··-· ---e EXISTING LANDFILL --··---1 e )-.. ____ ··-.. ----.. -.. -------.. -l / '-. / '-. / '-. '-. !.{ ______________________________________________________ .-:~ STABII.IZ[I) HAUL ROAD MATEIIIAL -:=...L..J I ----! Ji g '. -0 51 j ~ o:: STABtUZED STOCKPU ~ I AREA I -I f--i ': ~ I I ~ .:':. 1 I I I :~ I 115':E ~ I :fr .,;-~· l l I ! ,-~~r l ·o j ~ l I 1 i; r i 0 . l I I r~~ CT] srmu ~POlI BARN I j~?JI MATEIIIAI.. PREP PIIOCDSIHQ NIU. o\RATION NIU. t' WI)[ CURB (118CO ANO CBCO) lYP. I I 1...:r~ \ lj \ ! 1 · 00 O O _.--STOIIWWATER , , □ □ TIIEATMEKT • : • I~ SlSTDI JOB ruamsl II I Ji I I ---------------n ... .--.r-"'fA I ~---Nog,o••s·w 1076.00' --~ s=i'-1 1-------r= l I 16' WIDE ACCESS ROAD NEW SW Al.E AREA ------=.--,. OVERflOW ELEV. -317.50 SEE DETAIL JOB TRAIURS CJ I ~~L -c· ENVIROMENTAL, INC. BF A Environmental Consultants Barnes, Ferland and Associates, Inc. 3655 Maguire Blvd. Suite 150, Orlando, FL, 32803 PH: (407) 896-8608 FAX: (407) 896-1822 ,.·· / \_IIEW' PVC WI.TOI IWH £)(,ST. PRQPU?TY UNE ACCESS CATE, SEE DETAIL ON DWC~-PROPOSED SITE LAYOUT f \ 11 /~ \~! ROAD PRO,£CT NO.: 99001 SCALE, FIGURE 2-1 Site Operations Work Plan Warren County PCB Landfill • Water -Warren County will provide potable water service to the site. The Contractor will be responsible for connecting to Warren County's existing 6- inch line on SR 1604 and running a 6-inch PVC water main to the site in accordance with the Contract Documents. • Sanitary Waste Handling -The Contractor will be responsible for providing sanitary waste handling provisions throughout the site. Since there are no domestic waste facilities near the site, temporary facilities must be utilized. Sufficient temporary toilets will be located throughout the site in addition to facilities in the office trailers. Holding tanks will be necessary for the office trailers; the Contractor will be responsible for maintaining sanitary conditions at all times. • Fuel -No. 2 fuel will be required by the BCD process. No. 2 fuel would be delivered by tanker truck and transferred to a storage tank to be located on site by the Contractor. The Contractor will be responsible for providing the fuel storage and distribution system in conformance with the Contract Documents. • Telephone -Six (6) telephone lines and two (2) Fax/Data lines will be required for this site. The Contractor is responsible for arranging this service. 2.2 Sequence of Activities The following is provided as an overview of the suggested sequence of the major activities required to detoxify the PCB Landfill. It is only provided as a general guide, and the successful Contractor will need to provide a detailed project schedule in accordance with the Contract Documents prior to commencement of work activities. This guide is not intended to include every task or to dictate the sequence of events. 1. Prepare and submit required plans. 2. Apply for and obtain necessary permits. 3. Establish a community involvement program for acquisition for supplies and local labor. 4. Mobilize equipment, labor and support facilities including office trailers to the site. 5. Perform baseline air monitoring. 6. Establish utilities to the site. 7. Clear and grub process and stockpile areas. 8. Remove existing site fencing and install new perimeter fencing. 9. Install storm water management system and erosion control devices. 10. Construct access roads. 11 . Construct equipment decontamination areas. 12. Construct material process pad and install BCD process equipment. 13 . Construct lined storm water pond and install storm water treatment equipment. 14. Excavate material from existing storm water pond until clean material is exposed and confirmed. Contaminated material from the pond will be stockpiled for future treatment. 15. Establish haul road between landfill and material treatment areas. ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 8 March2000 Site Operations Work Plan Warren County PCB Landfill 16. Install and have ready for operation stormwater pumping system required for excavation areas. 1 7. Excavation and stockpile of clean material on top of landfill and excavation of contaminated material from landfill for performance demonstration tests and Phase I excavation activities. 18 . Conduct performance demonstration tests. 19. Prepare and submit performance demonstration reports. 20. Shut down site until TSCA interim permit is received. 21 . Begin detoxification in conformance with permit requirements. 22. Begin backfilling of treated material. 23. Remove the haul road between the soil treatment process area and the landfill and treat soil as necessary. 24. Test sediment within the stormwater management system; treat contaminated sediment as necessary. 25 . Establish vegetation within the excavated areas. 26. Decontaminate, dismantle and demobilize the BCD process equipment. 27. Decontaminate, dismantle and demobilize the storm water treatment equipment. 28 . Demobilize the temporary site facilities. 29. Remove site erosion and sediment control devices. 30. Restore site in conformance with the Contract Documents. 2.3 Detoxification Criteria The remediation objectives for this site are based on the clean-up and restoration criteria developed by the State and presented in the Phase I Site Remediation Study. These criteria form the basis for excavation and treatment of material at the site. The established cleanup standards for this site are: • PCBs: less than or equal to 200 parts per billion (ppb ). • Dioxins: less than or equal to 200 parts per trillion (ppt) (TEQ). 2.3.1 Criteria for Excavation The criteria for the excavation of any material at this site is as follows : • All soil within the limits of the actual landfill and outside of the top clay liner will be excavated and stockpiled as clean material suitable for general backfilling. • All material below the top clay liner and above the bottom clay layer is considered contaminated with PCBs and will be excavated for treatment. • The bottom clay layer will be removed in 6-inch lifts until testing confirms PCB contamination is below the cleanup standards. It is anticipated that much of the clay layer will be clean and will be left in place. ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 9 March2000 Site Operations Work Plan Warren County PCB Landfill • Sediment within the existing stormwater pond above the cleanup standard will be excavated and treated. Confirmation testing will dictate the excavation limits. 2.3.2 Criteria for Treatment and Backfilling Treated material meeting the cleanup standards will be backfilled into the landfill. Treated material that does not meet these requirements will be retreated by the Contractor at his own expense. 2.4 Site Restoration Final restoration of the detoxified PCB Landfill will be in conformance with the site reuse intentions of the State and Warren County. 2.4.1 Equipment Decontamination, Dismantlement and Demobilization Mobil equipment, process equipment, structures and process pads that have come in contact with PCB contaminated material will be decontaminated, when feasible. Equipment and/or materials that can not be decontaminated readily will require disposal off site. Equipment will be decontaminated in accordance with CFR title 40, Section 761.360 through 761.375, and as described in the Final Verification/Confirmation Sampling Plan. Prior to demobilizing equipment off- site, the equipment will be either tested for residual PCBs or visually inspected. Equipment will be dismantled for demobilization from the site. Dismantlement activities may include, but not be limited to: . • Cutting and burning; • Rigging and lifting; • De-energizing and disconnecting electrical power; • De-pressurizing and draining lines and vessels; • Confined space entry; and, • Handling potentially hazardous/corrosive chemicals. Task Assessment Hazard Analyses (TAHA) will be required for each of these activities to prepare specific procedures for the safe implementation of each activity. The health and safety plan contains the TAHA forms and procedures. The process pads and stormwater pipelines will be washed down and all sediment accumulated and analyzed for PCBs. This process will be repeated until confirmation testing shows acceptable levels. The lined pond will be cleaned and the liner removed. The curbing ~ound the process pad will be removed, but the process pad, storm Water lines and ponds will remain. · ETG Environmental, Inc I BF A Environmental Consultants 10 March 2000 Site Operations Work Plan Warren County PCB Landfill 2.4.2 Final Site Grading The final site grading will commence once detoxification activities have been completed. The site and the landfill proper will be graded in accordance with contract drawings. In general, the site will be regraded to the original contours and detoxified material will be contained within the original confines of the landfill. Various factors will affect the actual final grades including: • Excavation bulking factor • Moisture content of feed soil to the treatment process • Removal of contaminants and water during the treatment process • Adjustment of water content following treatment • Volume of debris encountered during excavation • Compaction of backfilled soil The final grades on the drawings are based on the assumption that excavated volumes will match backfilled volumes; however, due to the uncertainty associated with the balance between excavated material and backfilled material, the areas outside of the lined portion of the landfill should be regraded to match existing grades and original drainage patterns. Any excess or deficit that is realized between excavated and backfilled material should be applied to the area inside the original limits of the lined portion of the landfill. The improved areas outside the immediate limits of the detoxified PCB landfill will remain. These include the haul roads, parking areas, process pad(s), perimeter fencing, stormwater containment swales, and the two ponds. 2.4.3 Restoration of Site Vegetation Following the final grading of the detoxified PCB landfill, the original landfill cover (fill and topsoil) will be reinstalled. Note: the clay liner removed from the landfill cover will be backfilled in the landfill with the treated materials. Following placement of the fill and topsoil, the site will be hydro-seeded with a mixture of native ground cover designed to return the area to a stabilized old field environment. The seed mix and application rates are provided in the specifications. Following seeding, monthly inspections for six months will be conducted to ensure a successful stand of vegetation cover has been achieved. These inspections will also be required to identify and repair erosion gullies and to apply additional seed in areas that did not support vegetation growth. ETG Environmental, Inc/ BF A Environmental Consultants 11 March 2000 Site Operations Work Plan Warren County PCB Landfill 3.0 SITE EXCAVATION PLAN 3.1 Introduction The State owns and maintains a landfill, which was constructed as a disposal facility for material that was contaminated with PCBs. The landfill is located in a fairly remote location near the north central portion of the State. The material that was placed in the landfill resulted from the illegal disposal of PCBs along the shoutders of highways throughout the state. 3.3.1 Existing Landfill Features Figure 3-1 shows a typical cross section through the landfill. The landfill was constructed by excavating the general shape of the landfill and then placing approximately 9 inches of sand on the floor of the excavation. This layer of sand was intended to protect the groundwater in the event of a breach in the impermeable layers above by allowing leachate to migrate towards a leachate collection system located at the northern end of the landfill at the lowest area of the landfill. After installation of a simple lower leachate collection system, a 30 mil PVC liner was installed to contain contaminants within the landfill. A I-foot layer of clean fill was placed to prevent bridging and to level the surface. A 5-foot layer of clay was then installed as the primary impermeable layer. Once the clay layer was in place, a final 9-inch layer of sand was placed. This layer serves as the primary conduit for leachate contained within the landfill. A layer of filter fabric was installed on top of the sand layer to restrict the migration of fine soil particles that would cause blinding. The landfill was filled starting at the ·southwest comer and proceeding to the northeast comer. The depth of the landfill averaged approximately 22 feet, and it was verbally reported that the contaminated material compacted well during placement. Once placement of the contaminated material was complete, the cover was constructed by placing 1 foot of clean fill on top of the contaminated material. A 2-foot layer of clay was then installed as the first impermeable layer, and a 10 mil PVC liner was installed on top of the clay as the second impermeable layer. The cover was completed by placing 1 foot of clean fill on top of the liner, ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 12 March 2000 :.: ~-0 w 2 <{ z w _J LL 0 0 <{ u V-<f IMlftJ. 11' 10P SOL 350' ,-c.ursL ' ±-t ~-±-.-daSt1ila 3-40 ,. -=1:f--~· 350 3-40 330 330 i 320 I I I I I ' I _· --·· -~% ~¥~1,1,~1glfql!ils~~~;;S~f.~P.!RP~c!!!!~!•!1!ffJ: 1r R1 ---1 I I I \ --~-:·=-·-320 -·----J ···-------·--_J--------·-----·j___ __ . ________ __l. ___ . _____ . ___ _l__ .. -·--·· .J. ________ ·-.. \ -w;:-~~ ; -watqE amalJ!I I ! •-·------·! 310 '--··-······" -160 -140 ·-120 -100 -60 -40 -20 60 80 100 120 140 TYPICAL SECTION -EXISTING LANDFILL (EAST-WEST) tit.-.......... .a. ........ ~IYHITA•tl/1--CMIIMA HcantM:1101 IIW1. WJWY CIINllflCINI MCM: H 11P &Nit ,_. 10 STMIIIIECA•WIIACINIIIS. --...-. cia ENVIROMENTAL, INC. SCALE: HORIZ.at \tall. 1• -10' BF A Environmental Consultants Barnes, Ferland and Associates, Inc. 3655 Maguire Blvd. Suite 150, Orlando, n, 32803 PH: (407) 896-8608 FAX: (407) 8%1822 1YPICAL CROSS SECTION THROUGH LANDFILL .. J 310 160 PRO.ECT NO., 99001 llCAI.£, FIGURE 3-1 Site Operations Work Plan Warren County PCB Landfill and then placing 1 foot of topsoil on top of the fill. Grass was then planted to m1mm1ze erosion. 3.1.2 General Sequence The bottom of the landfill slopes from the southern end to the deepest area of the landfill, which is located in the northeast comer. In order to keep water within the landfill from migrating from the contaminated areas to the clean areas, excavation within the landfill will proceed from south to north. The landfill will be excavated in ten phases. Excavation activities will proceed by dividing the length of the landfill into ten cells. The cells are presented for volume determination and excavation sequencing purposes only. The topsoil and fill layers will be removed and stockpiled for future use during backfilling procedures. The liner will be exposed and then cut in pieces for disposal in a sanitary landfill. As much as practical, the clay layer will be separated and stockpiled separately for future use. The fill layer underneath the clay liner will be considered contaminated and will be treated. Excavation of each cell will proceed until the contaminated material is completely removed. Each cell will be cut into the next cell at a 2: 1 slope so that erosion and slope instability is minimized. Material will be removed from the cell proceeding from east to west. In this manner, stormwater will be directed to the deeper portions of the landfill. Once the clay layer is exposed, testing will be performed to verify that the material is clean. Once this material is considered clean, a stormwater diversion berm may be constructed to maintain separation between clean areas and contaminated areas. Once excavation of Cell No. 3 begins, the filling of Cell No. 1 can commence. Stockpiled clean treated material will be placed and compacted into the landfill in 1 to 2 foot lifts. Compaction of each layer will take place prior to placement of subsequent layers. The remaining layers will be excavated and filled in this general fashion until decontamination is complete. Figures 3-2 through 3-11 shows how excavation and backfilling operations will proceed through the landfill. 3.1.3 Design Basis Criteri.a Excavation will typically proceed at a faster rate than treatment of the contaminated material. Therefore, the provision of stockpiling areas will be critical to the successful flow of material. Material will be excavated from the designated cell using a standard excavator which will be of a sufficient size to efficiently maintain removal rates. The excavator will transfer material to a dedicated dump truck(s), which will remain in the contaminated area of the site . 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SIIPMtDS10C1fPl£/FIJ. c.r. sa> MtD S10Q(llf£ / FIJ. c.r. SIIP MtD S10C1fPI£ / FIJ. s.r. ABOt" MtD aBl/t / DISFOSE II QIISS I UIDIL c.r. 511P MtD S10C1fPI£ / IUNJ W1H (JIIER Ill c.r. IDJ ll5VM!W / Ill c.r. IDJ ll5VM!W / FIJ. s.r. ABOt" MtD aBl/t / DISFOSE II QIISS I UIDll c.r. IDJIBIIOl'/FIJ. c.r. ABOt" r IAfll tDJ 111£V1BtT / ru c.r. lBltCII FUCC s.r. U1ltC II FUCC c.r. lEMIIFUCC C.T. BICIRLAEI II0.1 PHASE 9 EXCAVATION ACTIVITIES PRO..ECT NO.: 99001 """'-" FIGURE 3-10 C) 3: 0 w ~ <( z w _J LL 0 0 , f ) :=w~\ SHDMJIUDI 8tlQ(R1£1) llflO lNIJll1. I( R£fERD«:1: POHT llfiJRII IIJIIIZ. lF1S ACROSS /F'l.TEJ! rAIIRIC ~ BCD PROCESS 1REA1fD .IWE7il4L ID1H OF /Nall. l#J -Q'.IIAlaB1 PER 5PB:::t :r;tI-a~1ip.~~ :~i~,&:--~· ;?;~;;;;~~-~?"\ ,,, "-t:1..5 11EJl1E1) ltlA1ElillL -------------------------------------------------------------------------~ ~ ~ ~ ~ --------------------------------,.. ...., SLOPE 1""', NORlH END ,,_ 10P _, 911' Q.AY 1%"fl.LMA1DW. 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IDI£ It FUCE C.[ /MCK11l.MEllt().6 PHASE 10 EXCAVATION ACTIVITIES PRO.CCT NO., 99001 $CAIL FIGURE 3-11 Site Operations Work Plan Warren County PCB Landfill The dump truck(s) will proceed from the west end of the cell along a haul road located on the west side of the landfill. Material will be weighed on a certified scale prior to being dumped onto the material preparation stockpile area prior to processing. A front-end loader will be utilized to transfer material from the stockpile area to a screening plant equipped with a 2-inch mesh screen, which will remove larger materials from the waste stream. An incline transfer conveyor will take the screened material and transfer the material to a pugmill plant for blending of BCD reagents with the screened material. The incline transfer conveyor is also equipped with a magnet to remove magnetic materials from the contaminated materials. BCD reagent will be blended at a ratio of 2% to 5% with the contaminated materials. The blended materials will be transferred via transfer and radial-stacking conveyor to a blended stockpile area. The material preparation stockpile area will be sized for 2 days CBCD and BBCD production storage and the blended stockpile area will be sized for 5 days of CBCD and BBCD production storage. Blended material will then be processed through either the BBCD or CBCD systems. Processed material will then be stockpiled at the south end of the process area. This area will be sized for up to 14 days of storage for the CBCD processed material and up to 30 days storage for the BBCD processed material. Once analytical results are received verifying that the treated material is below the treatment standard, this material will be transferred to a separate stockpile area located at the south end of the landfill. This area will be sized to accommodate the maximum void volume before backfilling can commence. From a logistics point of view, the amount of material which will exist within the process and the stockpiling areas will need to approximately equal the amount contained within Cells Nos. 1 and 2. As stated previously, once excavation on Cell No. 3 begins, the backfilling of Cell No. -1 can c·ommence. · 3.2 Quantities Material quantities have been estimated based on record information provided by the State of North Carolina regarding the construction of the original landfill. Estimated quantities are provided so that general equipment sizing activities can occur. The payment to the Contractor will be based on the actual quantities treated as measured in tons by the certified truck scale. 3.2.1 Clean Material Clean material will generally include all soil including and above the top landfill clay liner excluding sediment within the existing stormwater pond. This volume of clean material to be excavated is estimated as follows : Material Type Quantity Vegetation 12,866 12" Top Soil 3,471 12" Fill Material 3,471 10 mil PVC top liner 12,866 24" clay 6,942 ETG Environmental, Inc/ BF A Environmental Consultants 25 Units of Measure Square yards Cubic yards Cubic yards Square yards Cubic yards March 2000 Site Operations Work Plan Warren County PCB Landfill 3.2.2 Contaminated Material The contaminated material will generally include all of the material below the top landfill clay liner and at a minimum six inches into the lower layer of clay. The contaminated material will also include sediment within the existing stormwater pond. The volume of contaminated material is estimated as follows: Material Type Quantity Units of Measure 12" Fill Material 3,471 , Cubic yards PCB Contaminated Material 34,029 Cubic yards Filter Fabric 12,629 Square yards 9" Sand 3,601 Cubic yards 6" Clay removal of 60" Clay Liner 2,592 Cubic yards 3.3 Environmental Controls The Contractor will utilize various · environmental controls to protect both on-site personnel and the surrounding community. At a minimum, the Contractor will implement dust suppression controls and erosion and sediment controls. In addition, demarcation zones will be provided between clean areas and contaminated areas to allow decontamination of personnel and equipment. 3.3.1 Dust Suppression Since PCBs adhere to the soil particles, the dust generated from the material handling activities must be kept to a minimum. It will be the responsibility of the Contractor to recognize when dry conditions have the potential of generating excessive dust and to implement dust control measures as necessary. In general, wetting of exposed soil with clean stormwater (when available) will be utilized for dust suppression. The Contractor must provide equipment for applying water for dust suppression purposes. Also, in the event that clean stormwater is not available, the Contractor must provide sufficient potable water for this use. 3.3.2 Erosion and Sediment Controls The Contractor is required to conduct excavation activities in a manner that will minimize the effects of erosion and the transport of sediment from exposed areas of the site. The Contractor shall develop an Erosion Control Plan which will incorporate erosion control devices required by the construction drawings and by the State of North Carolina's requirements for erosion and sediment control (refer to Erosion and Sediment Control Planning and Design Manual, NCDEHNR). [Soils that will be exposed for more than 14 days shall be stabilized by fabrics or should be seeded in accordance with the specifications.] At a minimum, the following erosion and sediment control methods shall be incorporated into the site management in accordance with the construction documents: ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 26 March 2000 Site Operations Work Plan Warren County PCB Landfill • Stabilized access roads • Stormwater collection and retention areas • Silt fences and hay bales • Diversion dikes • Overflow structures • Swales and rock-lined channels The Contractor is responsible for installing and maintaining erosion and sediment control structures in accordance with the construction documents. Additional erosion and sediment control measures, which may prove necessary, shall be installed in accordance with the Erosion and Sediment Control Planning and Design Manual, NCDEHNR. 3.3.3 Demarcation Zones Demarcation Zones will be provided to allow for the decontamination of personnel and equipment that will be leaving contaminated areas. Demarcation Zones intended for use by personnel shall include provisions for washing down . outer clothing and boots with a low-pressure water source. The area shall also have receptacles suitable for disposal of any disposable-type protective wear such as coveralls, gloves, boot covers, or any other item which may be required. Demarcation Zones intended for decontamination of equipment shall be sized to allow for the placement of the intended equipment entirely within the designated area. The facility shall be equipped with high-pressure low-volume pressure washers capable of cleaning construction vehicles in an efficient manner. Contaminated materials washed off during decontamination shall be collected in the contaminated stormwater management system for discharge into the lined pond for future treatment. 3.4 Support Facilities Areas of the site will be developed to support the various activities associated with the detoxification efforts. These areas include Material Storage Areas, Vehicle Management Areas, and Detoxification Areas. 3.4.1 Material Storage Areas Contaminated material is processed at a continuous, but slower rate than the rate at which material can be excavated and transported from the landfill. Also, it takes time to sample and confirm that detoxified material has been treated to the treatment standards. For these reasons, areas are needed throughout the site to stockpile material as it travels through the process. Three main stockpile areas will be needed: excavated material that has been screened and is ready for treatment, processed material that has been tested to confirm treatment levels, and material that is waiting to be backfilled into the landfill. ETG Environmental, Inc/ BF A Environmental Consultants 27 March 2000 Site Operations Work Plan Warren County PCB Landfill In order to maintain a steady processing rate during periods of inclement weather or excavation equipment problems, a 5-day stockpile area shall be provided in between the material preparation facility and the feed conveyor for the BCD process. The 5-day period was chosen to allow for adequate time after a severe storm event to remove standing water and to allow dewatering procedures to proceed. Confirmation sampling and analysis is a process that takes up to two weeks for completion. The stockpile area after the BCD process shall be designed to accommodate up to two weeks worth of processed soil. The area shall be separated into individual holding bins. Each bin shall be capable of storing up to two-days of processed soil for the CBCD system Treated material will be backfilled into the landfill once there is sufficient capacity and separation between the cells. For this reason, a stockpile area shall be provided at the south end of the landfill to allow for interim storage. This area will also allow for interim storage of the clean soils stripped from the landfill cover (topsoil, fill and clay). 3.4.2 Vehicle Management Areas Vehicle Management Areas shall consist of access roads, parking areas and haul roads. Access roads and parking areas will be considered clean and will be constructed of a stabilized subgrade, a geotextile and a gravel surface. [Haul roads for clean material will be constructed in a similar fashion to the access roads and parking areas. Haul r.oads for contaminated material will also be constructed in a similar fashion to the clean haul road, but all drainage will be diverted back into the landfill.] 3.4.3 Detoxification Support Area The support areas for the detoxification system include the following: • asphalt area for material preparation • concrete slab for the BCD process • asphalt area for treated material stockpile • pole barn for weather protection of prepared contaminated material • pre-engineered metal building for PCSAPT System • administration trailers • guard house • stormwater containment and treatment system A description of each area is provided in the following: ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 28 March 2000 Site Operations Work Plan Warren County PCB Landfill Concrete Slab for the BCD Process: An impervious concrete slab shall be provided for material processing and support of the BCD Process. The slab will have a continuous curb around the perimeter to retain stormwater. Asphalt Areas for Material Preparation and Treated Material Stockpile: The asphalt area will be provided adjacent to the concrete slab. The function of these areas is for storage and handling of prepared and treated material. The asphalt area will also have perimeter curbing to retain stormwater Stockpile areas will be separated by prefabricated concrete barriers commonly referred to as Jersey Barriers. The areas will need to be designed to accommodate earth moving equipment and to support the anticipated soil loading. Pole Barn for Weather Protection of Material Handling: In order to minimize the moisture content of the material prior to treatment, a shelter will be provided to cover the area where the prepared material is stockpiled prior to treatment. The shelter, commonly referred to as a pole barn, will be designed to allow 22 feet of clear operating height. Pre-Engineered Metal Building for PCSAPT System: A pre-engineered metal building shall be provided for the PCSAPT system. The building will be sized as shown on the construction drawings. The building shall have an inside height of 20 feet. The building shall also have two coiling-type doors that are 12 ft. wide by 16 ft. high and one access door. Standard lighting and ventilation shall be provided, but heating and air conditioning will not be needed. Administration Trailers: Trailers will be provided as follows: Designation Contractor State Decontamination Employee Personal Protective Equipment Parts Electrical Control Guard Shack Function Administration and Management Administration and Management Employee Decontamination Employee Meals and Breaks Storage of Employee Safety Equipment Parts and Supplies Storage Electrical Distribution System Housing BCD Related Process Control Equipment Housing Security Typically, these trailers will be leased from local suppliers. ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 29 March2000 Site Operations Work Plan Warren County PCB Landfill Stormwater Containment and Treatment System: In order to mm1m1ze the potential of PCB contamination, the concrete and asphalt areas that will be provided for the BCD process and for material handling will be designed to capture stormwater runoff. An enclosed stormwater collection system will be provided with sufficient inlets to prevent ponding during storm events. All collected stormwater will be conveyed through a gravity piping system and the lined stormwater retention pond. The lined stormwater retention pond will be provided with a 30 mil polyethylen~ liner to prevent-contamination of the underlying materials. The stormwater collection and retention system will be designed to accommodate a 100 year, 24-hour storm event. A storm water pumping system will be provided to pump retained stormwater to a stormwater treatment system. The pumping system will be designed to operate at a rate sufficient to empty the pond in a three-day period. Two pumps will be provided; one pump will operate and one pump will be a standby unit. The $tormwater treatment system will consist of sand filters followed by carbon filters. The sand filters will remove suspended solids and the carbon filters will remove any organic compounds. Sufficient units will be provided so that one unit can be taken out of service without disrupting operations. ETG Environmental, Inc/ BF A Environmental Consultants 30 March 2000 Site Operations Work Plan Warren County PCB Landfill 4.0 BASE CATALYZED DECOMPOSITION (BCD) DETOXIFICATION PROCESS The PCB landfill detoxification project combines the use of thermal desorption with solid and liquid phase BCD technology to completely dechlorinate the contaminated material. The BCD detoxification system will include the following: 1. A reagent blending system consisting of a certified scale, screening and reagent blending plant, and stockpile areas. 2. One continuous solid phase BCD/thermal desorption unit (CBCD) 3. One batch vacuum solid phase BCD/thermal desorption unit (BBCD) 4. Two air pollution control systems or vapor recovery systems (VRS), one each for the CBCD (CBCD-VRS) and BBCD (BBCD-VRS), 5. One process condensate separation and aqueous phase treatment system (PCSAPT), and 6. One liquid phase BCD detoxification system (LBCD) The operation of BCD detoxification process is described in this section. 4.1 BCD Detoxification Process Set Up The selection and procurement of the BCD process system components will be initiated upon project award to allow ample time for manufacturing and delivery of the systems to the site. Delivery of system components to the site will commence after construction of the process pad. The larger process components ( e.g. CBCD and BBCD) will be delivered to the site first to facilitate ease of placement. Placing the equipment includes: • mark the placement location, • determine rigging requirements and follow safety protocols, • lift the equipment and set into place, • level the equipment, and • anchor/secure the equipment. Once the process equipment is set, auxiliary components (conveyors, pumps, tanks, etc.) will be placed. Installation of the equipment includes, but is not limited to, the following: 1. Duct work and Piping, ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 31 March 2000 Site Operations Work Plan Warren County PCB Landfill 2. Structural Steel • Walkways • Ladders • Platforms • Supports • Building enclosures and/or roof covered areas 3. Utility Connections • Water • Air • Electrical equipment, conduit/wiring • Fuel oil • Nitrogen • Propane • Lighting 4. Instruments, • control wiring, • control stations To facilitate ease of installation, the larger process equipment components will be set in place prior to constructing the building enclosures and roof covered areas. System components will be checked and inspected once installed and energized. • Motors will be started and checked for proper rotation, voltage, phases, and amperage draws. • Piping, where applicable, will be pressure tested and/or checked for leaks. • Equipment will be tested for proper mechanicaVelectrical functions. • Instruments will be calibrated and tested for proper function. • The control system will be tested for proper indication and actuation. • All subsystems including utility systems will be tested for proper functioning. • Vendor representatives will inspect their equipment for proper installation and provide startup assistance. 4.2 Performance Demonstration Test The purpose of the Performance Demonstration (PD) Test is to establish that the solid and liquid phase BCD systems, while operating at maximum throughput, will meet the material treatment standards, North Carolina air regulations, and to obtain an operating permit from Toxic Substance Control Act (TSCA). A Performance Demonstration Plan (PDP) will be developed by the Contractor and submitted for the review and approval of NCDENR, EPA, and other regulating bodies as dictated by NCDENR. A draft PDP has been developed and is part of the Bid Specifications. ETG Environmental, Inc/ BF A Environmental Consultants 32 March 2000 Site Operations Work Plan Warren County PCB Landfill Three PD tests will be performed for each of the three systems (BBCD, CBCD and LBCD). A rigorous monitoring and sampling program will ensure that the requirements are met for all systems during full-scale operations. The following plans reference specific procedures to be incorporated into the PD testing: • Health and Safety Plan (HASP) for all health and safety issues including personal monitoring and sampling. • Performance Demonstration Plan (PDP) for specific sampling and analytical requirements including stack testing. • Air Monitoring Plan (AMP) for monitoring and sampling procedures. • Final Verification/Confirmation sampling Plan (FVCSP) for sampling and analytical procedures including quality assurance (QA) and quality control (QC) issues pertaining to sampling and analytical procedures. • Contractor Quality Assurance Plan (CQAP). • Emergency Response Plan. • Community Outreach and Involvement Plan. The PD test will follow the following sequence of activities: 4.2.1 Contaminated Material Preparation: In accordance with the excavation plan described previously in this plan, the southern end of the PCB landfill will be uncovered and PCB contaminated material excavated. The excavated material will be transported via trucks to the screening and blending plant. The material will be weighed using a truck scale that has been certified prior to staging at the screening and blending plant. Sufficient material will be excavated to perform the ramp up test on the CBCD and the three PD tests to be performed on the CBCD and BBCD systems. Samples of the staged excavated material will be collected. The samples will be screened in the field for PCBs using the immunoassay kits and analyzed for moisture content. In addition, samples will be submitted to a laboratory for PCBs, dioxin/furans and hazardous waste chemical characterization. The PCB and dioxin/furans analyses provide data on the concentration of the PCBs in the material, and the hazardous waste chemical characterization will confirm that no other chemicals of concern exist in the PCB contaminated materials. It is desired to perform the PD tests with materials representative of the levels of PCBs anticipated to be encountered throughout the project. If the material excavated is not of sufficient PCB concentrations then it will be spiked with PCBs. Materials with a moisture content greater than 15 percent will be treated in the BBCD system. The staged material will be loaded into the hopper of the screening plant containing a maximum screen mesh size of 2-inch by 2-inch. Material not passing through the 2-inch by 2-inch screen will be discarded into an oversize pile. ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 33 March2000 Site Operations Work Plan Warren County PCB Landfill Material passing through the 2-inch by 2-inch screen will pass under a magnet to remove magnetic materials. Magnetic material collected on the magnet will be removed manually and placed in a stockpile for future decontamination and disposal. The non-magnetic screened material will be transferred to the pug mill plant where BCD reagents will be blended at a ratio of 2% to 5% by weight. 4.2.2 Clean Material Testing The purpose of the clean soil testing is to verify mechanical operation of the CBCD and BBCD systems. Prior to operations with contaminated materials, both CBCD and BBCD systems will process clean soil for a minimum of 8 hours at anticipated feed rates and retention times. This amount of time is the minimum needed to ensure that all system components are functioning properly. Key information to be collected for the CBCD includes: soil feed rate, clean soil moisture content, soil exit temperature, and material handling and vapor recovery system (CBCD-VRS) equipment performance. Key information to be collected for the BBCD clean soil test includes: batch volume, vacuum at the hot cyclone inlet, soil temperature versus time, and material handling and BBCD-VRS equipment performance. Approximately l O to 12 tons of clean soil will be processed in the BBCD system and 60 -200 tons of clean soil processed in the CBCD system. 4.2.3 CBCD Ramp UP Test The purpose of the CBCD ramp up test is to . determine the highest feed rate that will still produce material meeting the soil cleanup standard of 200 ppb PCBs. The CBCD VRS system will be started in reverse order [ flameless thermal oxidizer (CBCD-FTO) to quencher/scrubber]. The control system will be started and verified that read out points are operational. The continuous process monitor (CPM) will be started and verified to be calibrated and operational. The common systems, such as the cooling tower, chiller, fuel delivery, air compressor, and make-up water will be started and verified to be operational. The CBCD desorber will be preheated to an inner shell temperature of 1,500-1600 °F. Once the CBCD-FTO and CBCD desorber have reached temperature the ramp up test can commence. The feed rate of the contaminated material into the CBCD desorber will be slowly increased to maximum throughput conditions. The Contractor will collect samples, as necessary, of both contaminated material and treated material and analyze them for PCBs using the immunoassay PCB test kit. The field testing results will indicate the highest feed rate that will produce material at or below the cleanup standard. The ramp up test may take 24 hours or more to complete. The ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 34 March2000 Site Operations Work Plan Warren County PCB Landfill CBCD system will then be shutdown for analysis of the operating data to determine optimun conditions for the PD tests. In parallel with this analysis, PD testing of the BBCD system may begin. 4.2.4 BBCD PD Testing Similarly to the CBCD system, the BBCD-VRS, process monitoring system , CPM and common systems will be started and verified to be operating properly. The stack testing subcontractor will setup for the collection of gases entering the BBCD-FTO and off gases from the BBCD-FTO. A known volume of contaminated material will be loaded into the BBCD desorber (approximately 10 cubic yards). Once the BBCD-FTO is at operating temperature and all other processing components verified to be operating properly, heat will be applied to the BBCD desorber. Applying heat to the BBCD desorber will indicate the start of the PD test. The batch will be operated for a predetermined time based on the contaminated material moisture content, and the data generated during the clean soil test. At the end of the batch run, the heat to the BBCD desorber will be cut off. To unload the treated material, the rotation of the BBCD desorber will be reversed. The treated materials will be discharged into the BBCD discharge/cooling screw where water will be added · for both cooling and to recondition the materials to a moisture content of approximately 10 percent. The conditioned treated materials will be ,deposited on to the BBCD radial stacker belt conveyor. The BBCD-radial stacker will deposit the treated material into a stockpile in · the treated material stockpile area. A composite sample to be analyzed for non-volatile compounds and two grab samples to be analyzed for volatile compounds will be collected from the treated stockpile. The PDP describes the specific analyses to be performed and the QA/QC protocols to be followed. While the treated materials from the BBCD desorber are being unloaded, cooled and conditioned, the process condensate collected during the PD test will be pumped to the PCSAPT system. The PCSAPT system is described in detail later in this Plan It is anticipated that the first BBCD PD test will be completed within 9 to 12 hours. The second and third BBCD PD tests are expected to occur during the two days following the first test. 4.2.5 CBCD PD Testing Once the BBCD testing is compete the first of three PD tests will be performed on the CBCD system. The same equipment start up procedures employed for the CBCD ramp up test will be used for the PD test. In addition, the stack testing ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 35 March2000 Site Operations Work Plan Warren County PCB Landfill subcontractor will setup to collect gases prior to the CBCD-FTO and off-gases from the CBCD-FTO. The PDP details the specific samples to be collected and analyses to be performed. Once the CBCD desorber reaches temperature, contaminated material will be processed at the predetermined (from the ramp up test) feed rate. Once the process conditions reach steady state, the PD test will commence and stack testing will begin. The CBCD will process contaminated materials for sufficient time for the stack testing samples to be completed. Unlike the BBCD system, the rehydration of the materials and treatment of the process condensate operates continually. The rehydrated materials exiting off the CBCD discharge stacking conveyor will be segregated into four distinct stockpiles. A composite sample to be analyzed for non-volatile compounds and two grab samples to be analyzed for volatile compounds will be collected from the treated stockpile. The PDP describes the specific analyses to be performed and the QA/QC protocols to be followed. It is anticipated that the first test will be completed within 9 to 16 hours of starting up the CBCD desorber. In between PD tests, the CBCD will most likely be kept at or near temperature. All three PD tests will be conducted at maximum throughput operating conditions. The second and third CBCD PD tests are expected to occur during the next few days following the first test. 4.2.6 LBCD PD Testing The goal of the PD testing for the LBCD . system is to demonstrate that the contaminated organic liquids from the BBCff and CBCD process condensate will be treated to the required criteria (less than 2 ppm PCBs ). Therefore, the PD test for the LBCD system will most likely be performed after the BBCD and CBCD PD tests are completed in order to collect the largest quantity of organics to be treated in the LBCD system. The collected organics will be sampled from the LBCD ·Organic Feed Tank and screened for PCBs using the immunoassay PCB test kit and a split sample submitted to a laboratory certified to perform the analysis. If sufficient treatable organics are not generated during the BBCD and CBCD PD tests then the organic liquids will be spiked with PCB oil to achieve the desired PCB concentration levels. Samples of the organic mixture from within the LBCD reactor will be collected and screened for PCBs using the immunoassay PCB test kit to determine the completion of the LBCD process. At the end of the batch, process oil samples will be taken and submitted to a commercial laboratory for detail analysis according to the PDP. A single PD test is anticipated to be completed in 12 to 16 hours. The second and third LBCD PD tests are expected to occur during the next few days following the ETG Environmental, Inc/ BF A Environmental Consultants 36 March2000 Site Operations Work Plan Warren County PCB Landfill first test. Critical process control data will also be monitored and recorded as described in the PDP. 4.2.7 Performance Demonstration Report The Contractor will be responsible for compiling data from the PD tests and preparing a Performance Demonstration Report. The suggested outline of the Performance Demonstration Report can be found in Appendix G of the PDP. The Performance Demonstration Report will provide sufficient details of the process operating parameters, feed characteristics, performance results, and quality assurance and quality control results to obtain a TSCA permit (interim and full- scale) and satisfy the treatment standards for the project along with State of North Carolina Air Regulations to begin full-scale operations 4.3 Interim Operations The BCD detoxification system will be shutdown until a TSCA operating permit is received. According to Mr. Winston Lue of the office of Pollution, Prevention, and Toxics, an interim permit may be issued to shorten the downtime between the conclusion of the PD test and the startup of the full-scale remediation operations. Factors affecting the review process for both the interim permit and full-scale operating permit are: • Turnaround time for the stack testing results and laboratory analytical results; • Submission and quality of the Performance Demonstration Report; • Quality Assurance and Quality Control of the analytical data; • Consistency of analytical results collected from the three PD tests; • The analytical results versus the treatment standards (air and treated materials). • Mechanical performance of the processes (consistency, accuracy, instrumentation, operating parameters, etc.) A recommended procedure to expedite the TSCA permitting process starting from the completion of the PD test to issuance of the interim and final permit is included in Section 10 of the PDP. It will be the Contractor's responsibility to secure the site during all down time periods, including between the PD test and the start of the full-scale operations. 4.4 Full Scale Operation Material Preparation The material preparation area includes the following: • Certified truck scale with recorder; • Excavated material staging area on the process pad equivalent to two days of processing through the BBCD and CBCD systems; • Screening plant equipped with 2-inch by 2-inch mesh screen, hopper and transfer conveyor(s) with shrouds and belt scrappers; ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 37 March 2000 Site Operations Work Plan Warren County PCB Landfill • Magnet for separation of metals, • Pug mill plant for blending materials and reagents, equipped with surge hopper, transfer conveyor(s) capable of adjusting feed rate to pug mill, and twin paddle mixer pug mill; • Weigh belt scale for measuring screened material feed rate to pug mill; • Storage silo with variable speed discharge valve, dust collector and level sensor; • Transfer and stacking conveyors with shrouds and belt scrappers; • Staging area for contaminated over size debris; • Staging area for contaminated magnetic debris; • Decontamination area and equipment to decontaminate and/or segregate materials capable of being decontaminated from those materials requiring disposal; • Fail safe system to protect equipment should mechanical failure occur; • Instrumentation, (PLC), and software to measure, indicate, alarm, and record process parameters; • Tools and personnel to operate and maintain the equipment. 4.4.1 Landfill Excavation and Staging Area Excavation of. t~e contaminated materials from the landfill will be performed with excavator(s) and dozer(s). The excavation will start at the ·southern end of the landfill and proceed in the north direction.· ·See section 3.3 for further details of the excavation plan. The excavated material will be transported via trucks to the material preparation area located at the northern end of the processing pad. The material will be weighed using a certified truck scale prior to staging. The certified weigh scale will be used to measure for payment the quantity of material processed by the BBCD and CBCD systems. The staging area will be of sufficient size to accommodate the equivalent of two days of combined processing through the BBCD and.CBCD systems. 4.4.2 Untreated Material Sampling and Analytical Screening A composite sample of the excavated material will be collected everyday that the material is excavated and staged. The samples will be screened in the field for PCBs using the immunoassay PCB test kits and analyzed for moisture content. Materials with a PCB concentration above 750 ppm and/or a moisture content greater than 15 % will be treated in the BBCD or blended with other materials and treated in the CBCD. 4.4.3 Screening Plant The staged material will be loaded into the hopper of the screening plant using a front-end loader. The screening plant will be equipped with a hopper, screen hopper conveyor, and screened material incline belt conveyor, and have a maximum screen mesh size of 2-inch by 2-inch. Material not passing through the ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 38 March 2000 Site Operations Work Plan Warren County PCB Landfill 2-inch by 2-inch screen will be discarded into an oversize pile. The oversize material will be either: • Re-screened, • Decontaminated for disposal on-site, • Decontaminated for disposal off-site, or • Disposed off-site. 4.4.4 Magnetic Separator Material passing through the 2- inch by 2-inch screen will be conveyed from the bottom of the screen hopper to a shrouded incline belt conveyor. The screened material will pass under a magnet to remove magnetic materials. Magnetic material collected on the magnet will be removed manually and placed in a stockpile for future decontamination and disposal. The non-magnetic screened material will continue on the incline conveyor and be deposited directly into the hopper of the pug mill plant. 4.4.5 Pugmill Plant The hopper of the pug mill plant will serve as a surge hopper for the pug mill. A · belt conveyor located at the bottom of the pug mill hopper will transfer material from the pug mill hopper to a shrouded incline belt conveyor feeding the pug mill mixer. The feed rate to the pug mill mixer will be controlled by adjusting the speed rate of the pug mill hopper conveyor belt and/or adjusting the height of the slide gate opening which will limit the quantity of material that can be carried by the conveyor. The pug mill incline feed conveyor will be equipped with a belt scale to provide feed material rate (instantaneous) as well as the total feed quantity. The flow rate will then utilized to control the reagent feed rate. Dry reagent (sodium bicarbonate) will be delivered in pneumatic tanker trucks. The reagents will be off-loaded directly into the silo located in the material preparation area. The silo will be equipped with a baghouse to prevent dusting, level indicator, and variable speed rotary valve. Reagents will be protected from the weather at all times. The silo will deliver the designated rate of reagent directly to the pug mill based upon the calculated weight of the material being conveyed by the pug mill incline feed conveyor. The reagent and materials will be blended in the twin shaft paddle pug mill. If necessary, water can be added through a spray bar located in the pug mill to control dust. The blended material will exit the opposite end of the pug mill and be deposited onto a shrouded transfer belt conveyor. The transfer conveyor will deposit the blended material onto a stacking conveyor where the material is staged awaiting processing through the CBCD or BBCD. ETG Environmental, Inc/ BF A Environmental Consultants 39 March 2000 Site Operations Work Plan Warren County PCB Landfill 4.4.6 Blended Material Stockpile The blended material stockpile will be sized to accommodate five (5) days of processing through the CBCD and BBCD systems, at maximum throughput. A pole barn will be provided to protect the blended material from precipitation. The five day blended material stockpile ensures that there is sufficient material protected from the elements to process through the CBCD and BBCD systems. Segregated stockpiles will be made when materials containing PCBs greater than 750 ppm and/or 15 percent moisture content are processed through the BBCD system; otherwise, the blended materials may be processed in either the BBCD or CBCD system. 4.4. 7 Material Blending Control System The material blending control system is comprised of the following maJor components: • Motor control center equipped with power main disconnects, variable speed drive, motor starters and transformers. • Programmable logic controller (PLC) 5/05 processor with power supply and input/output analog modules. • PLC and operator interface software program. The PLC and operator interface program will be developed to: • Provide pug mill feed rate control. • Control the speed of the silo discharge valve drive based on the belt scale input. • Calculate the output of the silo. • Input % reagent to be added by the silo. • Display level for the silo. • Display daily and project totals for the silo and weigh belt scale with zero reset. • Display speed 0% to 100% for the silo discharge valve motor. The Contractor will install the processing system and perform the necessary calibrations and fine-tuning prior to the commencement of the PD tests. ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 40 March 2000 Site Operations Work Plan Warren County PCB Landfill 4.5 Continuous Solid Phase BCD system The CBCD system allows for continuous processing of the contaminated BCD blended materials. The continuous nature of the CBCD allows for higher throughput, however, it also restricts the range of feed characteristics that the CBCD system can operate to meet the cleanup standards. The CBCD process flow is provided in drawing PFD-202, which shows the major equipment components and solid, liquid and gas flows. The following sections describe the CBCD system. 4.5.1 CBCD Feed System Blended material with a PCB concentration below 750 ppm and a moisture content below 15 percent will be loaded into the CBCD feed hopper using a front- end loader. The CBCD feed hopper works as a surge hopper for the CBCD system. Material is conveyed from the bottom of the CBCD feed hopper by the feed material hopper conveyor. The discharge rate is controlled by the speed of the belt and/or the discharge gate opening. The feed material hopper conveyor discharges material on the feed material incline conveyor. The feed material incline conveyor is shrouded and contains a weigh belt scale. The weigh belt scale provides data to the CBCD operator on . flow rate of material to the CBCD desorber feed hopper. The feed material incline conveyor discharges into . the CBCD desorber feed hopper. The purpose of CBCD feed hopper is to have material available to enter into the CBCD desorber and to create a vapor seal for the CBCD desorber. Therefore, the CBCD desorber feed hopper contains level control for low low, low, and high levels. At low low level the CBCD desorber twin screw feeder would be stopped so the vapor seal to the CBCD desorber is not broken. At the low level setting the CBCD feed material hopper conveyor and feed material incline conveyor would be activated. At a high setting the CBCD feed material hopper conveyor and feed material incline conveyor would be stopped. The CBCD operator will have visual contact of the CBCD desorber feed hopper via monitor. The CBCD operator will also control the system and have immediate access to critical system components via operator control panel. The same data will be available to be monitored but not controlled in the site manager's trailer. The operator will control the feed into the CBCD desorber by varying the speed of the CBCD desorber twin screw feeder, which transports materials from the CBCD desorber feed hopper and discharges the material inside the CBCD desorber. ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 41 March2000 Site Operations Work Plan Warren County PCB Landfill The variable speed screw conveyor to the CBCD desorber will be calibrated prior to the start of work. It will be calibrated using variable speed settings in order to produce a graphical representation of the full operating range of the screw. The volumetric feed calibration procedure will be used to conduct the calibration. This procedure entails positioning a tare truck or loader bucket at the discharge end of the screw (eeder and running the screw feeder at differing speeds in ten- minute increments. The amount of soil in the tare truck or loader bucket will be measured at the end of each segment to determine the amount of soil moved at each speed. Three trials will be conducted at the different speeds in order to achieve an average for each speed. All points at each speed setting will be plotted on a graph to develop a speed/weight curve for all soils at that specific density. Soil density tests will be performed periodically to determine if a density factor will be applied. 4.5.2 CBCD Desorber As material will move continuously through the CBCD desorber, the temperature of the material will increase by indirect heat. The desorber is essentially an inner- rotating drum surrounded by a fixed outer drum. Heated air produced from the combustion of #2 fuel oil (the oil burners are located external to the desorber) will be released into the space between the inner and outer drums. The heat from this air will be transferred into the inner drum, heating the material as it moves through the desorber. The heated air (burner exhaust gas) will not contact the waste material and will be released through stacks located on top of the CBCD. As the contaminated material travels from the feed end to the discharge end, the desired material temperature will be reached, resulting in partial chemical dechlorination/detoxification and physical separation of the contaminants (PCBs and dioxins/furans) from the materials into the vapor phase. A small portion of the burner exhaust gas, which has a low oxygen level, will be sent to the feed end of the desorber and used as sweep gas to remove the contaminants/organics and water from the desorber. The environment within the desorber will be maintained as low oxygen (inert) to prevent combustion of organics within the desorber. Nitrogen or inert gas will be added to the desorber inlet and outlet seals to minimize oxygen intake, assuring the inert environment within the desorber. A seal will be provided to prevent leakage of air into the desorber from the material discharge end. The fuel oil and burner systems consist of a fuel tank, supply and return lines, fuel pumps, a minimum of three burner zones for the CBCD system and a CBCD combustion air fan. The CBCD operator will monitor the CBCD desorber for proper operation, including but not limited to: • Pressure at CBCD desorber inlet • Temperatures (shell, exit material, and exit gas) ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 42 March2000 Site Operations Work Plan Warren County PCB Landfill • Burner control system • Reyhdration of treated material (dusting, excess water) • Mechanical/electrical equipment (e.g. bearings, chain, drive, etc.) • Sweep gas flow and temperature. 4.5.3 CBCD Rehydration System The hot, treated material from the CBCD will be transferred by the CBCD discharge screw conveyor into the double-shaft paddle mixer where water will be added to cool and rehydrate the treated material. Steam (from cooling of the material) and carryover particulates will be fed into the CBCD steam scrubber, which will remove particulate carryover and discharge steam/air into the atmosphere. The cooled, hydrated material will be discharged to the treated material stockpile area, utilizing a radial CBCD stacking conveyor. The treated material will then be sampled and analyzed to assure that the soil treatment standards are met. Once tested as clean, the materials will be relocated or backfilled. 4.5.4 CBCD Vapor Recovery system (VRS) The CBCD exhaust gases ( consisting of sweep gas, steam, and particulates) will pass through a hot cyclone to remove larger sized particulates. The CBCD hot cyclone will be insulated and heat traced to prevent loss of temperature through the unit. This will eliminate condensation from forming and dropping out with the solid particulates, which will be mixed with the treated materials for cooling and rehydration. The CBCD exhaust gases will exit the hot cyclone and enter into a direct contact quencher/scrubber. The CBCD quencher/scrubber uses the direct contact water to rapidly cool the exhaust gases to condense steam and contaminants, as well as, to achieve additional particulate removal. The CBCD quencher/scrubber will decrease the off gas stream from 900°F to below 130°F and remove particulates. The bleed from the quencher/scrubber will be discharged into the condensate collection tank. The quencher/scrubber recycle stream will be cooled utilizing a heat exchanger (See Section 4.5 .5 Cooling Tower). The exhaust gases pass through a mist eliminator contained in the quencher/scrubber before continuing into the chilled water scrubber to achieve additional cooling/condensing and particulate removal. Periodic maintenance of the mist eliminator includes spraying the mist eliminator with water from the water storage tank. The chilled water scrubber will reduce the gas stream to below 80°F. The chilled water scrubber includes a recycle tank and recirculation pumps. The recycle ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 43 March 2000 Site Operations Work Plan Warren County PCB Landfill stream will be pumped through a heat exchanger before being recirculated to the chilled water scrubber. The chiller is discussed in Section 4.5.6. The bleed from the chilled water scrubber will be pumped to the condensate collection tank. The exhaust gases pass through a mist eliminator contained in the chilled water scrubber before continuing into the wet electrostatic precipitator (WESP) to achieve additional particulate and mist removal. Periodic maintenance of the mist eliminator includes spraying the mist eliminator with water from the water storage tank. The WESP contains a cooling jacket to promote condensation on the internal tubes of the WESP where particulates adhere. The WESP contains a sump to collect and recirculate water to the spray bars of the WESP. Liquid is bled from the WESP sump continuously to remove collected particulates and is pumped to the condensate collection tank. The gases from the WESP will be reheated to reduce the relative humidity before entering the vapor recovery system induced draft (ID) fan. The vapor recovery ID fan located downstream of the reheater will be util.ized to pull the gases through the CBCD-VRS and maintain a slight negative pressure at the CBCD desorber inlet. A flame arrester is installed between the vapor recovery system ID fan and the flameless thermal oxidizer (FTO) to prevent a backflash through the CBCD- VRS system. The FTO provides final polishing of the gases prior to discharge into the atmosphere through the process stack. The FTO virtually eliminates any non-condensable organics and residual organic contaminants that were not removed by the components of the CBCD-VRS described above. Flow through the CBCD FTO is controlled by the CBCD-FTO forced draft (FD) fan and ambient air intake bleed valve. The FTO · operates between 1,500 °F and 1,800 Op_ The process stack will be equipped with a continuous stack monitor (CSM) to measure and record total hydrocarbons in the stack gas. The testing of stack emissions to determine that air treatment standards established for the project are met is further described in the PDP (Sections 3, 9, 11), as well as the Air Monitoring Plan. Should a problem occur with the CBCD-FTO, then the air stream will by-pass the FTO and will be treated with vapor phase carbon. Two vapor carbon units will be placed in series to treat the air stream. 4.5.5 Cooling Tower The cooling tower is a common system for both the CBCD and BBCD. CBCD quencher/scrubber recycle will be cooled utilizing cooling tower water and a non- contact heat exchanger. The return water to the cooling tower absorbs the heat and is re-cooled in the cooling tower. During re-cooling of the water in the ETG Environmental, Inc/ BF A Environmental Consultants 44 March2000 Site Operations Work Plan Warren County PCB Landfill cooling tower, water vapor is released to the atmosphere. The release of water vapor to the atmosphere causes two affects: 1. loss of recirculation water, and 2. Buildup of impurities in the recycle water which may cause fouling of the cooling tower. As a result, clean city water is used to replenish the loss of water in the cooling tower. Cooling water will be bled to reduce the buildup of impurities in the system. 4.5.6 Chiller The chiller is a common system for both the CBCD and BBCD systems. The chiller is used to cool the chilled water scrubber recycle and is used in the cooling jacket of the WESP to promote condensation within the WESP. Recycle stream returning to the CBCD chilled water scrubber is cooled by passing through a non contact heat exchanger cooled by liquid coming from the chiller. 4.5. 7 Emergency Backup Systems In the case of emergency the following backup systems are incorporated into the CBCD system: 1. Emergency generator to operate critical process equipment should an electrical power outage occur. Critical equipment includes discharge conveyor, induced draft fan, scrubber(s) recycle pumps, cooling tower recycle pumps, emergency plant lighting, FTO fan, etc. 2. Emergency propane power drive to continue rotating the CBCD drum at a very slow rate in case of power failure or electric motor failure. 3. Redundant pumps for all critical operating components. 4. Inert gas/N2 system to maintain/generate oxygen deficient environments in the CBCD and BBCD desorbers. 5. Backup water supply sources (treated process water, treated stormwater, city water, and process recirculation water). 6. The discharge screw has an alternate discharge to a by-pass container to unload materials from the CBCD desorber should an upset condition occur. 7. An emergency relief valve is provided upstream of the hot cyclone. 8. An emergency bypass, located upstream of the FTO FD fan, is provided to continue system operation in case of FTO upset. In this event, the by passed air vapor will pass through carbon beds before being discharged to the atmosphere. ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 45 March2000 Site Operations Work Plan Warren County PCB Landfill 4.5.8 CBCD Process Monitoring Procedures Operating parameters will be monitored to assure the efficient operation of system components and to establish the acceptable range of operating conditions. Table 4.5-1 identifies critical monitoring points with their parameters, instruments, target values, frequency, instrument range, accuracy and calibration for the ETG Environmental, Inc / BFA Environmental Consultants 46 March2000 Site Operations Work Plan Warren County PCB Landfill Table 4.5-1 Process Monitoring for CBCD # PARAMETER ·INSTRUMENT ·. r~GEff v~i~.··1 i~.\: .. ;, J9R·.· FREQUE··· ·.NOY ~NGE.A:t-lJ) CA:J1IBRA:., 'TION RECQRDED , ~€,€EPTAB'.f1~~6BS. -; ·• ""'"'' · ,, ·. ACCU~§Y'OF Factpry Galibrated (YES/NO) EQUIPMENT I Soil Feed Rate Conveyor Weigh 4 -15 TPH Continuous 0-25 tph Factory Calibrated Yes Scale +5% per 24 hr. period 2 Thermal Desorber Face Pressure +0.25" wc to -2" wc Continuous -1 0" to 15" wc Factory calibrated Yes Pressure Transmitter +0.25% of full scale 3 Thermal Desorber Shell Thermocouple I 000° -1700° F Continuous 0-2,200°F Factory calibrated Yes Temperature ±4°F (0-559°F) +0.75% (559-2,200°F) 4 Soil Exit Temperature Thermocouple 875° -950° F Continuous 0-2,200°F Factory calibrated Yes ±4°F (0-559°F) +0.75% (559-2,200°F) 5 Hot Cyclone Inlet Gas Thermocouple 750° -1150°,F Continuous 0-2,200°F Factory calibrated Yes Temperature ±4°F (0-559°F) +0.75% (559-2,200°F) 6 Quencher/Scrubber Thermocouple 50° -180° F Continuous 0-2,200°F Automatically Checked Yes Outlet Gas ±4°F (0-559°F) Daily Temperature +0.75% (559-2,200°F) 7 Chilled Water Scrubber 02 Level 1 -10% Continuous 0-100% 02 Factory calibrated Yes Outlet 02 Level Analyzer +/-0.1 % 02 8 WESP Gas Exit Thermocouple 50° -150° F Continuous 0-2,200°F Factory calibrated Yes Temperature ±4°F (0-559°F) +0. 75% (559-2,200°F) 9 Cooling Tower Thermocouple 35° -120° F Continuous 0-2,200°F Factory calibrated Yes Recycle Pump Outlet ±4°F (0-559°F) Temperature +0.75% (559-2,200°F) 10 FTO Bed Temperature Thermocouple 1500° -1800° F Continuous 0-2,200°F Factory calibrated Yes ±4°F (0-559°F) +0.75% (559-2,200°F) 11 CPM THC Level FID Analyzer To be determined after Continuous 3-10,000 PPM Timed Automatic Yes Performance Demonstration <I% offull span in 24 Calibration Check hours Note: All values are for normal steady state operation and will not apply during start-up or shut-down. ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 47 March 2000 Site Operations Work Plan Warren County PCB Landfill CBCD. The values for these parameters will be sent to the CBCD operator station where they can be viewed on a panel view. The values will also be stored in a computer and can be made available for review. All data will be connected to the data highway, so that operators from other stations along with the site manager can observe operating parameters across the site which may impact other systems. When process instrumentation indicates operations outside prescribed ranges, an alarm will be triggered warning the CBCD operator. The CBCD operator can then make the necessary adjustments to allow the system to operate within normal parameters. 4.5.9 CBCD Waste Feed Cutoff Systems The purpose of the Waste Feed Cutoff (WFC) systems is to provide a mechanism for immediate action whenever operating parameters deviate outside normal control limits. There are both automatic and manual waste feed cutoff conditions. The WFC systems are only applicable to CBCD system. Table 4.5-2 provides a preliminary list of the WFC parameters and actions to take if parameters deviate outside of the normal operations range. The CBCD desorber twin screw feeder will be shut off automatically if the following parameters are outside limits for normal operations: 1) CBCD desorber face pressure; 2) CBCD material exit temperature; 3) CBCD gas exit temperature; and 4) WESP exit gas temperature. In addition to the operating parameters shown on Table 4.5-1 the total hydrocarbon analyzer in the stack continuous process monitoring system will be checked for calibration every day. The allowable operating range will be determined during the performance demonstration test. If the drift of the analyzer exceeds the allowable limit, the analyzer's calibration will be re-checked for accuracy. If accurate, the process will be shut off pending further evaluation. The waste feed system will also shut off automatically if a power failure occurs or the discharge system fails. Any unusual situation that may occur that would require further inspection will trigger a manual WFC. When the parameters deviate from the target values listed in Table 4.5-2 for the amount of time indicated, an automatic WFC will be activated. These parameters will be monitored continuously by the CBCD operators. The WFC procedures provide assurances that the system will be operated within accepted operating conditions to accomplish the following: 1) protection of human health ( off-site and on,-site) and the environment, and 2) Prevent damage to the equipment. · If the WFC system is initiated, discharged soil will be segregated and sampled to determine if soil treatment standards have been met. ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 48 March 2000 Site Operations Work Plan Warren County PCB Landfill Table 4.5-2 Preliminary List of Waste Feed Cutoff Conditions for CBCD ~~~cess,@perating ' ·, Conditions CBCD Desorber Face Pressure CBCD Soil Exit Tern erature CBCD Gas Exit Temperature THC at Stack WESP Exit Gas Temperature >-0.25" WC for 3 minutes <850° F for 20 minutes > 1150° F for 15 minutes or 1200°F instantaneous To be established during Performance Demonstration test >200° F for 15 minutes Actions to be Taken Whenever Parameters , .y✓r .. _· ___ , ,.,:,r,,, , eviM(fOutside ContiiWLimi€$ ,~. ~.Ji•'· ~-, , _,,;,: '; Increase fan speed. Lower feed rate. Lower CTDU shell temperature Check unit calibration. Check air stream flow to the FTO and increase if necessary. Next check scrubbers and WESP o eration and make ad·ustments ifnecess Check water level in the WESP recycle tank and add water, if required. Run both quencher/scrubber recycle pumps. Check cooling tower and chiller recycle water tern erature. ETG Environmental, Inc / BFA Environmental Consultants 49 March 2000 Site Operations Work Plan Warren County PCB Landfill At any point during operation of the CBCD system, the operator has the option to initiate a WFC sequence manually. The protocol for conducting a WFC is as follows: a. The operator will first stop the feed and operation of the feed conveyor to a level in the hopper portion where a material seal is maintained to prevent ambient air from entering the desorber. b. The desorber will continue to process material until it is empty and discharge to the stockpile through the discharge screw, double paddle mixer/cooler, and stacking conveyor. c. The firing rate for the desorber burners will be reduced due to the termination of material feed. Shell temperature will be closely monitored as the remaining material progresses through the unit. d. The use of treated process aqueous phase condensate to re-hydrate the treated materials will be discontinued when material is no longer being discharged into the double paddle mixer/cooler. e. The induced draft fan will maintain a slight draft in the desorber to purge the system of process gases. Therefore, condensation of cooled gases and subsequent vapor phase treatment will continue to occur. Condensate collection separation and treatment will continue to occur until flows decline to a negligible level. f. The scrubbers will be manually shut down as the process gas drops below minimum temperature. g. The induced draft fan will be shut down. 4.6 Batch Solid Phase BCD (BBCD System) The BBCD system allows for batch processing of the contaminated materials. The batch BBCD system allows for: • • • • • Treatment of materials that contain elevated levels of PCBs and/or moisture content without interfering with the production of the CBCD system, The BBCD can treat sludges, filter cake, spent carbon and filter aid produced in the process condensate separation and aqueous phase treatment (PCSAPT) system, The BBCD allows for the treatment of concentrated organics, The BBCD may be the main producer of the organic stream for the liquid BCD (LBCD) system, and The BBCD and LBCD systems provide end points for the detoxification of the PCB contaminated materials. ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 50 March 2000 Site Operations Work Plan Warren County PCB Landfill It is important to note that the BBCD system can treat all levels of PCB contamination and moisture content. The BBCD process flow is provided in drawing PFD-203 , which shows the major equipment components and solid, liquid and gas flows. The following sections describe the BBCD system. 4.6.1 BBCD Feed System The BBCD desorber is loaded and unloaded from the front of the unit. The BBCD feed hopper and feed hopper conveyor are placed in position in the front of the BBCD desorber. Blended material will be loaded into the BBCD feed hopper using a front-end loader. The BBCD feed hopper functions as a surge hopper for the BBCD feed conveyor, which feeds the BBCD desorber. The BBCD is loaded on a volumetric basis, generally, number of loader buckets. Once the BBCD desorber is loaded the BBCD feed hopper and feed conveyor are removed and the BBCD desorber closed up. 4.6.2 BBCD Desorber Once the BBCD operator has secured the BBCD desorber doors and confirmed the proper operation of the BBCD-VRS system, heat will be applied to the inner shell drum of the BBCD desorber. The temperature of the material in the BBCD desorber will increase by indirect heat. The BBCD is essentially an inner-rotating drum with internal piping surrounded by a fixed outer drum. Heated air produced from the combustion of #2 fuel oil (the oil burners are located external to the BBCD) will be released into the internal piping, and the space between the inner and outer drums, heating the material in the BBCD. The heated air (burner exhaust gas) will not contact the waste material and will be released through a stack located on top of the BBCD. As the shell drum adsorbs the heat the desired material temperature will be reached, resulting in partial chemical dechlorination/detoxification and physical separation of the contaminants (PCBs and dioxins/furans) from the materials into the vapor phase. The fuel oil and burner systems consists of a fuel tank, supply and return lines, fuel pumps, a burner box for the BBCD system and a BBCD combustion air fan. The BBCD operator will monitor the following BBCD desorber for proper operation, including but not limited to: • Vacuum at the BBCD desorber outlet • Temperatures (shell, material, burner box outlet, gas, and desorber exit gas) • Burner control system • Reyhdration of treated material (dusting, excess water) • Mechanical/electrical equipment (e.g. bearings, chain, drive, etc.) ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 51 March2000 Site Operations Work Plan Warren County PCB Landfill 4.6.3 BBCD Rehydration System At the conclusion of the batch cycle, the treated material will be removed by reversing the rotational direction of the BBCD inner drum. This hot, treated material is discharged into a mixer where water is added to cool and rehydrate the treated material. As with the CBCD, steam and particulates from the mixer enter a scrubber to be removed prior to discharge to the atmosphere. The cool, hydrated treated material will be discharged to the treated material stockpile for sampling and analysis. Clean treated material will be relocated or backfilled. 4.6.4 BBCD Vapor Recovery System (VRS) The BBCD exhaust gases ( consisting of steam, organics and particulates) will pass through a hot cyclone to remove larger sized particulates. The BBCD hot cyclone will be insulated and heat traced to prevent loss of temperature through the unit. This will eliminate condensation from forming and dropping out with the solid particulates. The removed particulates are collected in a container for cooling and hydration. The particulates will be sampled and tested to determine if they meet the material treatment standards. If clean, they will be mixed with the treated materials for cooling and rehydration. Otherwise, they will be returned to the CBCD or BBCD for retreatment. The BBCD exhaust gases will exit the hot cyclone and enter into a direct contact quencher/scrubber. The BBCD quencher/scrubber uses the direct contact water to rapidly cool the exhaust gases to condense steam and contaminants, as well as, to achieve additional particulate removal. The BBCD quencher/scrubber will decrease the off gas stream from 900°F to below 130°F. The BBCD quencher/scrubber is a self-contained unit with a recycle tank that collects the liquid passing through the quencher/scrubber. Scrubber recycle pumps liquid from the recycle tank back to the quencher/scrubber after passing through a heat exchanger for cooling (see Section 4.6.5 Cooling Tower). The exhaust gases pass through a mist eliminator contained in the quencher/scrubber before continuing into a series of non-contact condensers to achieve additional cooling/condensing. Periodic maintenance of the mist eliminator includes spraying the mist eliminator with water from the water storage tank. The gases proceed through a primary non-contact condenser located on the vacuum side of the BBCD liquid ring pump. The warm gases pass through a primary shell and tube condenser that is cooled with chilled water from the chiller unit. The chiller is discussed in Section 4.6.6. ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 52 March2000 Site Operations Work Plan Warren County PCB Landfill The liquid condensate is collected in the condensate tank and the gases continue, through the liquid ring vacuum pump to a secondary non-contact condenser on the positive side of the vacuum pump. The liquid ring pump provides the vacuum on the BBCD desorber and pulls the gases through the BBCD-VRS. The secondary non-contact condenser is chilled with water from the chiller and has its own condensate tank. The gases from the secondary non-contact pass through a flame arrester installed before the BBCD flameless thermal oxidizer (FTO). The flame arrester prevents a backflash through the BBCD-VRS system. The FTO provides final polishing of the gases prior to discharge into the atmosphere through the process stack. The FTO virtually eliminates any non-condensable organics and residual organic contaminants that were not removed by the components of the BBCD-VRS described above. Flow through the BBCD FTO is controlled by the BBCD-FTO FD fan and ambient air intake bleed valve. The BBCD-FTO operates between 1,500 °F and 1,800 °F. The process stack will be equipped with a continuous process monitor (CPM) to measure and record total hydrocarbons in the stack gas. The testing of stack emissions to determine that air treatment standards established for the project are met is further described in the PDP (Sections 3, 9, 11), as well as the Air Monitoring Plan. Should a problem occur with the BBCD-FTO, then the air stream will by-pass the BBCD-FTO and will be treated with vapor phase carbon. Two vapor carbon units will be placed in series to treat the air stream. 4.6.5 Cooling Tower The cooling tower is a common system for both the CBCD and BBCD quencher/scrubbers. Recycle stream from the BBCD quencher/scrubber and water from the cooling tower pass through a non-contact heat exchanger. See Section 4.5.5 for further operating parameters for the cooling tower. 4.6.6 Chiller The chiller is a common system for the CBCD, BBCD, and CBCD systems. The chiller is used to supply chilled non-contact water that passes through the two BBCD non-contact condensers and to cool seal water for the BBCD vacuum pump. See section 4.5.6 for additional information the chiller unit. 4.6. 7 Emergency Backup Systems In the case of emergency the following backup systems are incorporated into the BBCD system: ETG Environmental, Inc/ BF A Environmental Consultants 53 March2000 Site Operations Work Plan Warren County PCB Landfill 1. Emergency generator to operate critical process equipment should an electrical power outage occur. Critical equipment includes vacuum pump, quencher/scrubber recycle pumps, cooling tower recycle pumps, emergency plant lighting, BBCD FTO fan, etc. 2. Redundant pumps for all critical operating components. 3. Backup water supply sources (treated process water, treated stormwater, city water, and process recirculation water). 4. An emergency bypass, located upstream of the FTO FD fan, is provided to continue system operation in case of FTO upset. In this event, the by passed air vapor will pass through carbon beds before being discharged to the atmosphere. 4.6.8 BBCD Process Monitoring Procedures Operating parameters will be monitored to assure the efficient operation of system components and to establish the acceptable range of operating conditions. Table 4.6 identifies critical monitoring points with their parameters, instruments, target values, frequency, instrument range, accuracy and calibration for the BBCD. The values for these parameters will be sent to the BBCD operator station where they can be viewed on a panel view. The values will also be stored in a computer and can be made available for review. All data will be connected to the data highway, so that operators from other stations along with the · site manager can observe operating parameters across the site which may impact other systems. When process instrumentation indicates operations outside prescribed ranges, an alarm will be triggered warning the BBCD operator. The BBCD operator can then make the necessary adjustments to allow the system to operate within normal parameters. 4. 7 Batch Liquid Phase BCD (LBCD System) The LBCD system allows for batch processing of the PCB contaminated liquids and/or sludges. The batch LBCD system provides for an end point for the detoxification of the PCB contaminated materials. Organic materials from the PCSAPT will be sent to the liquid phase BCD detoxification system (LBCD). LBCD employs a potassiurn/sodium- based reagent, a hydrogen donor in the form of a high boiling point carrier oil, and catalyst to chemically detoxify the chlorinated contaminants (PCBs, dioxins/furans). ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 54 March2000 Site Operations Work Plan # Batch Size (tons) I Loader Buckets 2 I Burner Box Exit I Thermocouple Gas Temperature 3 I Burner Stack Gas I Thermocouple Temperature 4 I Hot Cyclone I Thermocouple Temperature 5 I Hot Cyclone I Vacuum Transmitter Vacuum 6 I Chiller Recycle I Thermocouple Pump 7 I Cooling Tower I Thermocouple Recycle Pump Outlet Temperature 8 I Vacuum Pump I Thermocouple Inlet Temperature 9 Vacuum Pump Gauge Inlet Pressure 10 FTO Bed Thermocouple Temperature 11 I CPM THC Level I FID Analyzer Table 4.6 Proc_ess Monitoring for BBCD 10-18 Tons l 000° -2000° F 800° - l 100° F Ambient -900° F 10" Hg -28" Hg 35° -55° F 35° -120° F Ambient -110°F 15" Hg-30" Hg 1500° -1800° F To be determined after Performance Demonstration Per Batch Continuous Continuous Continuous Continuous Continuous Continuous Once every 12 hours Once every 12 hours Continuous Continuous I 0-25 tons per batch ±5% per batch 32-2,200°F ±4°F (0-559°F) +0.75% (559-21200°F 32-2,200°F ±4°F (0-559°F) +0.75% (559-2,200°F 32-2,200°F ±4°F (0-559°F) +0.75% (559-2,200°F 0-30" Hg + I % Full scale 32-2,200°F ±4°F (0-559°F) +0.75% (559-21200°F 32-2,200°F ±4°F (0-559°F) ±0.75% (559-2,200°F) 32-2,200°F ±4°F (0-559°F) _±Q.7__5°,lo_ (5J9-2,200°F 0-30" Hg _±1.5% 32-2,200°F ±4°F (0-559°F) +0.75% (559-2,200°F 3-10,000 PPM <I% of full span in 24 Warren County PCB Landfill <8½.LIBRA:T'10N Volumetric measurement converted to tons (yd1 x densi"''* Factory calibrated Factory calibrated Factory calibrated Factory calibrated Factory calibrated Factory calibrated Factory calibrated Factory calibrated Factory calibrated Timed Automatic Calibration Check RECORDED (YES/NO) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No (but is monitored) No (but is monitored Yes Yes • The batch units are known to contain a given volume of soil. To obtain the batch size, in tons, the volume of soil is simply multiplied by the soil density. • Note: All values are for normal steady state operation and will not apply during start-up and shut-down. ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants March 2000 55 Site Operations Work Plan Warren County PCB Landfill The carrier oils along with reagent, catalyst, and the contaminated liquids are placed in the reactor and heated to 600-650° F. The overall liquid BCD reaction process is represented as follows: Catalysts Acceptor -Cl + NaOH + Donor - H H20 ------➔Donor + Acceptor -H + NaCl + 600-650 F (Acceptor -Cl represents PCBs and polychlorinated dioxins/furans) During the LBCD process, gases (steam and light organics) will be forced through a condenser by the vapor pressure generated by the gas stream. The condenser will cool the gases using non-contact chilled liquid from the chiller and separate gases that condense above 60-80°F. The gases will be vented to the CBCD-FTO for polishing before being discharged to the atmosphere. Samples of the oil mixture will be drawn from the sampling ports and screened for PCBs during processing. Once the PCBs have been dechlorinated to a concentration acceptable for off-site disposal, the batch will be continued for an additional 1-2 hours to ensure the completion of dechlorination. At the end of each batch, the liquid mixture will be cooled using a heat exchanger. The liquid will then be sent to the organics transfer tank for phase separation. The water phase, if any, will be pumped to the PCSAPT for further treatment. Organics will then be pumped to the treated organic tank. When sufficient quantity of organics are collected for disposal off-site, a sample will be obtained and analyzed for the parameters required by the specific disposal facility. Upon acceptance by the disposal facility, the treated organics will be transported to their facility. Drawing PFD-205 contains a process flow diagram for the batch liquid BCD detoxification system. 4. 7.1 LBCD Process Monitoring Procedures Operating parameters will be monitored to assure the efficient operation of system components and to establish the acceptable range of operating conditions. Table 4. 7 identifies critical monitoring points with their parameters, instruments, target values, frequency, instrument range, accuracy and calibration for the LBCD. The values for these parameters will be sent to the operator station where they can be viewed on a panel view. The values will also be stored in a computer and can be made available for review. All data will be connected to the data highway, so that operators from other stations along with the site manager can observe operating parameters across the site which may impact other systems. When process instrumentation indicates operations outside prescribed ranges, an alarm will be triggered warning the LBCD operator. The LBCD operator can then make the necessary adjustments to allow the system to operate within normal parameters. ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 56 March 2000 Site Operations Work Plan Warren County PCB Landfill Table 4.7 Process Monitoring for LBCD ~# I ' . ,,Ri\'RAMETER:' C 1 · . INS~imraNT·:;:r:;/tXE.e&T1\!~-7~R'. I' -FIIB~~G:Yc . ,1'.0; , , ,~{]iE, J\NE>lf'!:2q1~0 ~ XCAbIBRATI0N I RECORDED . . . /' ~:i,,'i,A'tBcri:i~&ar1;1f :.~ ,@'i:tij'f •" ~t~t,'► ,. -~\~hlc1:~tAcv,Pil':',;fi1fl,t .. ·. ' . '~t .. . (YES/NO) '· ' <ti->:...• . ~-/.::{~: 2:·%~4f0?"'llifilf·· '·titf?,,~~V,i' , , , .'i'":,:'.C ;•· .,U,U-:,l\' 1~+,1 , )?\ Organic Liquid Feed 150 -300 gal. 0-500 gallon Factory I Yes ;!;; 1 % eer Batch 2 I CanyOil I Flow Totalizer I 150 -450 gal I Per Batch I 0-500 gallon I Factory I Yes ± 1% er Batch 3 I Caustic Flow Totalizer 10-25 gal Per Batch 0-500 gallon I Factory I Yes + 1 % per Batch 4 I Catalysts I Flow Totalizer I 15 -50 gal Per Batch 0-500 gallon Factory I Yes + 1 % per Batch 5 Total Batch Volume None Sum Of Items 1-4 above Per Batch Not Applicable Manual Calculation No 6 Pressure Valve Setting Gauge 2-5 psig Continuous 0-10 psig Factory Yes 7 Process Liquid Thermocouple 630-670° F Continuous 0-2,200 °F Factory Yes Temperature ±4 °F (0-559 °F) ±0,75 % (559-2,200 °F ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants March 2000 57 Site Operations Work Plan Warren County PCB Landfill 4.8 Process Condensate Separation and Aqueous Phase Treatment (PCSAPT) System The PCSAPT system treats all process condensate generated from the CBCD-YRS, BBCD-VRS and LBCD systems. The PCSAPT process flow diagram is shown on drawing 204. Section. The following sections describe the PCSAPT system. 4.8.1 Process Condensate Separation System Condensate from the BBCD will be treated after the soil desorption process is complete. The condensate collected in the quencher/scrubber and the two condensate tanks associated with the non-contact condensers will be pumped to the BBCD centrifuge feed tank. The BBCD-VRS system has been specifically designed to concentrate the process condensate by limiting the amount of contact water generated by the BBCD-YRS system. The process condensate is pumped from the centrifuge feed tank through a centrifuge for separation of solids and water from the organic phase. The separated organics will be pumped to the LBCD organic feed tank. The aqueous phase will be pumped to the condensate collection tank. The bleed from the quencher/scrubber of the CBCD-YRS discharges into the condensate collection tank. This tank also collects bleed from the chilled water scrubber and WESP. Light organics may separate as "floaters" which can be skimmed off of the top and sent to the LBCD organic feed tank. The liquor pumped from the bottom of the condensate collection tank will enter a sludge holding tank to be homogenized prior to feed into a filter press to achieve liquid/solids separation. The sludge holding and condensate collection tank also act as surge tanks when the filter press is in its cake discharge cycle. Due to the anticipated oily nature of the sludge holding tank liquor, a precoat will be used during each filter press cycle. The filter press system includes a precoat feed tank and precoat feed pumps. The sludge holding tank liquor will be pumped through the filter press using a diaphragm pump. When the pressure in the filter press reaches the maximum desired operating pressure, the diaphragm pump will be turned off and the filter press plates pressed to remove additional entrapped filtrate . At the completion of the press cycle, the pressure is released and the plates opened to drop the filter cake. The filter cake will be dumped into a storage container designed to be watertight and easily transported via fork truck, Filter cake will be sent to the BBCD for treatment as contaminated materials. Filtrate from the filter press will continue into the filtrate storage tank. The filtrate storage tank serves as a surge tank and allows for additional physical ETG Environmental, Inc/ BF A Environmental Consultants 58 March 2000 Site Operations Work Plan Warren County PCB Landfill separation of the filtrate into organic and aqueous phases. The organic fraction, if any, from the filtrate storage tank will be transferred to the LBCD organic feed tank. The aqueous phase will continue into the aqueous phase treatment components of the PCSAPT. 4.8.2 Aqueous Phase Treatment System The aqueous phase treatment will consist of particulate and organic removal devices. Filtrate from the filter storage tank will be pumped through a sand filter for final polishing of suspended solids. Depending upon the concentration and particle size distribution of the residual suspended solids and oil content of the filtrate, a multi media filter maybe substituted for the single layer sand filter. In either situation, the filter system will be equipped with a backwash system capable of removing sediment buildup. Water from the water storage tank will be used to backwash the filter media. The backwash water will be discharged into the condensate collection tank. The backwash system can be operated manually or automatically using either a differential pressure gauge or on a timed backup system. At a minimum, two media filters will be available to permit backwashing of one unit while the other is in operation. · The filtrate passing through the filter media will pass through a minimum of two carbon vessels placed in series. There will be two dual carbon systems to permit continuous processing through the carbon system while the one system is under going a carbon change. Spent carbon and spent media filter will be treated in the BBCD system. The treated aqueous phase will be stored in the water storage tank.. The effluent standard for the treated aqueous phase is set at the same standard for the treated soils, i.e. 200 ppb PCBs or less. The treated aqueous phase will then be suitable for recycling back into the BCD process, being primarily used for rehydration of the treated soils. As a backup system to ensure sufficient water is always available for the rehydration of the treated soils, a city water line will also be connected to the water storage tank. 4.8.3 PCSAPT System Operation A plant operator is required to monitor the PCSAPT and the scrubbers in the CBCD-VRS. The quantity of process condensate is dependent upon the production rate and moisture content of the feed materials to the BBCD and CBCD systems. The water usage rate from the water storage tank is dependent upon the treated material production rate from the CBCD and BBCD units. Parts of the BCD systems operate continuously, while others operate in a batch mode. Therefore, it is imperative that the PCSAPT operator be informed of all processes throughout the BCD system. To assist the PCSAPT operator, the PCSAPT/LBCD control station will be connected to the data highway, which ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 59 March2000 Site Operations Work Plan Warren County PCB Landfill allows the operator to view all the BCD system processes. The operator at the control station will be able to monitor and control the PCSAPT/LBCD system. The operator will monitor the PCSAPT system for proper operation, including but not limited to: ' • Organic floating layers in the condensate collection and filtrate storage tanks, · · • Level in the condensate collection tank, • Level in the sludge holding tank, • Cycle period of the filter press and precoat system status, • Status of the BBCD system and operation of the batch centrifuge for the BBCD process condensate, • Liquid level of filtrate storage tank, • Backwash cycle and change over to backup sand filter system, • Carbon change out requirements and switch over to backup carbon filter systems, • Liquid level in LBCD organic feed tank, and • Liquid level in the water storage tank. The minimum sampling and analysis requirements for full-scale operation are summarized in Section 6.0 and Table 6-1 of this plan. The Final Verification/Confirmation Sampling Plan details the BCD Detoxification sampling and analysis requirements. 4.9 Common Systems There are a number of systems that are common to various components of the BCD detoxification system. Below is a brief description of the systems and their operation: 4.9.1 No. 2 Fuel Oil System Drawing PFD-206 depicts the No. 2 fuel oil system. Number 2 fuel oil will be combusted to provide heat for the CBCD and BBCD desorbers. The No . 2 fuel oil will be stored in a 15,000 gallon doubled wall above ground fuel storage tank. The No.2 fuel oil tank will be equipped with spill and overflow protection and protected from vehicular and equipment traffic. The CBCD and BBCD systems contain separate duplex fuel oil pumps to supply fuel oil to the burners. The duplex pumps also contain a return line to the No. 2 fuel oil storage tank. The 15,000-gallon No.2 fuel oil tank has a dispenser nozzle for filling the fuel tanks for heavy equipment utilized on-site. However, due to the location of the 15 ,000-gallon fuel tank to the processing pad and landfill, additional day fuel tanks will be strategically located to provide fuel for equipment confined to an exclusion zone. ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 60 March 2000 Site Operations Work Plan Warren County PCB Landfill 4.9.2 Nitrogen Cylinders Nitrogen is used for the seals on the CBCD desorber and on the WESP to ensure that the units are maintained under an oxygen deficient non-explosive environment. 4.9.3 Propane System Propane will be used to power the emergency generator should a power failure occur. Propane is also used as a fuel source to preheat the beds of the BBCD- FTO and CBCD-FTO units. In addition, there is a backup motor that is propane powered to continue rotating the CBCD desorber drum in case of power failure. 4.9.4 Plant and Instrument Compressed Air Compressed air will be used to operate the diaphragm pumps and the filter press. In addition compressed air is used for numerous instrument-monitoring devices on all the major system components. The instrument air will require to be conditioned for moisture prior to use. Therefore, two separate compressed air systems will be used; plant air and instrumentation air. 4.9.S Water Storage Tank The water storage tank primarily receives water treated from the PCSAPT and the majority of the water use will be for the rehydration of the treated materials. The water storage tank can also receive treated water from the storm water and decontamination treatment system when available and when water storage tank level is low. A tertiary backup system will be to use city water to replenish the tank. Water from the water storage tank will also be used in the VRS and PCSAPT systems and to periodically clean equipment components such as mist eliminators. 4.9.6 Cooling Tower and Chiller As discussed in Sections 4.5 and 4.6 of this plan, the cooling tower and chiller service both the CBCD and BBCD systems. The cooling tower is used to cool recirculation water for the CBCD quencher/scrubber and the BBCD quencher/scrubber. The chiller provides cooling water for the BBCD non-contact condensers, the heat exchanger for the BBCD vacuum pump seal water, the heat exchangers for the chilled water scrubbers, jacket of the WESP, and CBCD condenser. ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 61 March 2000 Site Operations Work Plan Warren County PCB Landfill 4.9. 7 Process Monitoring and Data Acquisition System The Process Monitoring and Data Acquisition system includes workstations with computers and monito_rs at each of the following work areas : • CBCD and CBCD-VRS Processing Area, • BBCD and BBCD-VRS Processing Area, • PCSAPT/LBCD Processing Area, and • Site Managers Trailer. The operators at each workstation have the capability of observing operating status and conditions at any of the four major areas, but only are able to control their individual processing area equipment from their workstation. The process monitoring system will interface with Allen Bradley SLC 5/05's on Datahighway Plus. The system will also interface with the Continuous Stack Monitors (CSM) via Ethernet Connection. The process monitoring system will be isolated and/or. protected against power surges, ground potential differences, nearby lightening strikes, and other interference's such as two-way radios. Designated site personnel will receive standard training course for Allen Bradley SLC 5/05 maintenance and troubleshooting. The site manager, engineers, and operators will receive training on-site for their specific process monitoring system using the actual equipment configuration and displays. This course will provide the training necessary for personnel designated by the Contractor to fully configure and operate the system, and will include instruction on the entire system using the actual application programming and software. The operators console contains one fully programmed desktop operator workstation. The workstation includes at a minimum: • 400 MHz Pentium based PC • 3.5" floppy drive • CD ROM drive • 64MEGRAM • 4 GIG hard drive • 17" VGA color monitor • Operators keyboard • Cursor positioning method such as a mouse • Dedicated electronics and recordable CD writer. The 1 7" monitor supports graphics building software that allows generation of full displays, symbols, characters, etc. at the pixel level. ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 62 March2000 Site Operations Work Plan Warren County PCB Landfill The operator station keyboard is sealed using tactile and audible feedback. It has keys for accessing the most often performed operations such as, display selection, alarm acknowledge, CRT copy, etc. It also contains a group of keys, which are dedicated to access critical displays. The cursor positioning method (touch screen, trackball, mouse) is used by the operator for rapid selection of vectoring to new displays, aids in graphics, etc. The operator station has the means of rapidly toggling between an alarm page and the operating page. The laser printer will be located in the site manager's trailer. The printer is used for alarms, report generation and operational logs. The operator workstations have the following standard displays: • Overvie·w or Summary Display: This _display allows for overview of the facilities in a single display. The display allows for the location of specific points in the groups and indicates the status of each point regarding alarm conditions, mode of operation, etc. With one or two keystrokes the operator is able to select and call up a desired group display. • Point Summary Display: All designated analog input and output signal values and motor command and status values are displayed on the Point Summary Display(s). The analog and motor values are grouped together in a logical fashion (i.e. by process unit operation). • Process Graphic Display: The operator workstations support a minimum of 20 custom graphic displays. The following are the minimum configured displays on the system: 1. Overview Display 2. CBCD System 3. CBCD-VRS 4. BBCD and BBCD-VRS 5. LBCD System 6. PCSAPT 7. Common Systems Each graphic supports at least 50 dynamic variables. The graphics support display vectoring (where the operator is able to move from graphic to graphic by cursor without having to remember a display number to call up). For example, from an overview graphic, the operator calls up associated graphics by selecting a certain area or points on the graphic and then with one keystroke, vectors to the detailed graphic for that area or point. Similarly, if the operator wants to see a trend, point, group, alarm, etc. type of a display ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 63 March2000 Site Operations Work Plan Warren County PCB Landfill after selecting the desired point or area on the graphic, a single keystroke is all that is necessary. A menu bar is included for key operator functions. All graphic building functions are available at the pixel level, including character and symbol generation. The system has a standard set of symbols and characters as well as the ability to generate custom ones. • Historical Trends: The console is capable of displaying at least-200 historical trend points. The trend data resides at the operator workstation. The display can plot at least four different variables simultaneously on a time base and scale that is easily selected by the operator. The display has a cursor technique that allows the operator to read the engineering units of any desired variable at any point on the trend display. The trend data is configurable to represent the minimum, maximum, average, and instantaneous value for the sample period. • Alarm Handling: All designated tags in the system are available for alarming. For an analog point, high/high, high, low, low/low, deviation, and rate-of-change alarms are available. Digital variables such as contact closures are alarmable on a transition in either direction or transitions in both directions. All alarms are time stamped with one-second resolution. All points have assignable areas and appropriate alarm summaries to review alarms grouped by process area. The system maintains the last 200 alarms on hard disk for rapid playback and review. It is possible to archive all alarms to floppy disks and CD backup. The system maintains alarm reviews by priority, process area, time order, and system alarms. It is possible, with password protection, to easily disable groups of alarms during start-ups, shutdowns, maintenance turnovers, etc. There are also dedicated lines on the CRT which always display the most recent, highest priority, unacknowledged alarm in the system regardless of the type of display that is currently on the main part of the screen." Subsystems • Data Historian: The historian is capable of storing at least 200 variables at selectable scan rates. There is no loss of data to the archiving disk if the disk is changed prior to it being full. The system prompts the operator to change disks as it approaches full capacity and prompts him repeatedly before losing data. The data stored by the historian is stored on disk in a popular database format to allow file access from a Personal Computer. The historian computes, stores and formats analog and digital data onto routine reports. The three basic reports are : • Daily Data Analysis -Provides hourly minimum, maximum, and average for analog inputs. ETG Environmental, Inc/ BFA Environmental Consultants 64 March2000 Site Operations Work Plan Warren County PCB Landfill • Alarm Analysis Report -Provides a summary of each alarm condition by providing time of alarm occurrence, time of alarm resetting and net time in the Alarm State. • Motor Analysis Report -Motor run time listing the operating time of each motor. Miscellaneous The major system components have a battery backup or other method of retaining program memory to avoid the need to reload the system after a power outage. The uninterruptible power supply (UPS) is designed to keep the main PC workstation operational for 30 minutes in the event of a power loss to the system. The process monitoring system has the capability to self-document its entire system configuration. This capability will be evaluated as a trouble shooting and debugging aid when testing and commissioning. 4.9.8 Electrical Distribution Center Carolina Power & Light (CP&L) will supply electrical power to the site. The electrical service will be provided by overhead lines to a transformer located adjacent to the electrical distribution trailer. The power supply will be 3-phase 480-volt service with a minimum of 1,600 amperes. The electrical feed will be connected in the electrical distribution trailer equipped with ground fault intercept and power main disconnect. Inside the electrical distribution trailer, the power will be distributed to circuit breakers for each of the major system areas (e.g. CBCD, BBCD, LBCD, PCSAPT, common systems, support areas). This enables the contractor to electrically isolate an area. The electrical power for each major system area will likewise have a master panel or motor control center central to its location from which the electrical power will be distributed. As discussed previously, the site will be equipped with an emergency generator such that critical system components can be maintained in the event of loss of CP&L power. The generator is powered by fuel oil. 4.9.9 Maintenance/ Parts Inventory Maintaining systems and equipment is vital to operating a project safely, economically, and with a minimum amount of downtime. The contractor will be required to have a staff knowledgeable in mechanical, electrical and instrumentation maintenance. At a minimum, there will be at least one maintenance person on-site at all times. The maintenance staff will be trained to perform routine maintenance on the equipment. The maintenance staff will be equipped with the proper maintenance equipment and tools necessary to perform ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 65 March 2000 Site Operations Work Plan Warren County PCB Landfill preventative/routine maintenance and anticipated repairs to the systems. The contractor will provide a detailed preventative/routine maintenance schedule for the equipment, identifying the daily, weekly and manufacturer recommended milestone services ( e.g., hours of service operation). The maintenance supervisor will maintain records of all the preventative/routine servicing and repairs performed during the project. The Contractor will be required to maintain a detailed inventory of spare parts. Parts critical to the operation will be inventoried on-site. The maintenance supervisor will identify local sources for emergency parts, and repairs that cannot be performed by the on-site maintenance staff. As necessary, service contracts will be executed with specialty subcontractors for parts, supplies, and/or services. 4.10 Project Schedule An overview of the project schedule for the detoxification of the PCB Landfill is as follows: TIME ACTIVITY Month 1-3 Prepare plans, submit permit applications, ... equipment m1tiate procurement, implement Community Out Reach and Involvement Plan Month4 Continue with Month 1-3 's activities; initiate site preparation activities -base line monitoring, clearing & grubbing, site security, temporary facilities, and install utilities. Month 5-6 Install process pad and begin receiving equipment, Month 7-9 Build roof covered areas for soil, install power, complete receipt of equipment, finish component assembly, install conveyance piping from/to process condensate treatment facility and storm water treatment plants, begin shakedown and perform clean soil tests. Month 10 Finish clean soil tests, and begin first of six PD tests. Month 11 Receive preliminary stack test results and other analytical results, prepare draft PD report. Month 12 Receive final stack test results and finalize PD Report and submit to State and TSCA. Month 13 TSCA review period. Month 14 Receive interim TSCA permit begin full -scale operations. Months 15-25 Operate full-scale system; receive TSCA final permit during this period. Month 26 Commence decontamination of process equipment, complete backfilling of landfill Month 27 Continue decontamination of equipment, demobilization of equipment, disposal of waste materials, complete site restoration activities, and issue final reports .. ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 66 March 2000 Site Operations Work Plan Warren County PCB Landfill 4.10.1 Site Work Hours Site preparation activities will be performed during daylight hours, normally 8 to IO hours per day, five days per week. During full-scale operations excavation activities will take place during daylight hours for one, eight to ten hour, shift per day. It is anticipated that excavation will take place five days per week; this will vary with workload and weather requirements. Several varied activities will occur in the BCD processing area. On the north end, soil screening, mixing and stockpiling will take place. The screening and mixing activities will be intermittent -three to six hours per day and approximately five days per week. Soil stockpiles will be maintained continuously. The batch and continuous BCD treatment equipment and the liquid BCD processing equipment will be located in the central ru:ea. This work area will be active 24 hours per day, seven days per week. Clean soil stockpiles awaiting final laboratory confirmation will be located along the south area. Clean soil stockpiles will be maintained continuously. Site restoration activities will be performed during daylight activities, generally 8- 10 hours per day, five days per week. ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 67 March2000 Site Operations Work Plan Warren County PCB Landfill 5.0 PERSONNEL OPERATIONS AND STAFFING All on-site personnel are subject to the requirements of the HASP. Under no circumstances may work be performed in a manner that conflicts with the information presented in the Contractor's HASP. The Contractor will provide a project organization figure, health and safety organizational structure and personnel roles and responsibilities as part of the HASP. 5.1 Key Personnel As a minimum, the Contractor will provide a site-specific organizational structure for personnel considered critical to the planned activities at the site, and provide resumes for those personnel. Below is a recommended list of key personnel to be provided at a mm1mum: Project Executive - Project Manager - Site Manager - Project Engineer - Site Shift Supervisor(s) - Corporate Health and Safety Officer - Site Health and Safety Officer - 5.2 Organizational Responsibility The Contractor's Project Executive provides technical, management, and administrative direction to the Project Manager as needed to ensure the project is progressing in accordance with the HASP. The Contractor's Project Manager (PM) is the primary point of contact for the NCDENR and has overall responsibility for the project. The PM prepares correspondence, submittals, and additional project documentation required for the project, and coordinates, schedules, and administers the Contract. The PM prepares purchase requisitions, prepares and submits requests for payment to the client, and approves vendor/subcontractor invoices. The PM controls all subcontractors and suppliers during site activities. The PM will review, approve, and become familiar with the HASP and any amendments to the HASP. The Contractor's Corporate Health and Safety Officer (CHSO), who will be a certified safety professional or a certified industrial hygienist, oversees the Corporate Health and Safety Program and develops standard operating procedures for the site activities. The CHSO is responsible for data collection activities in response to health and safety issues. The CHSO will visit the Site at least once every six months for the duration of activities for the purpose of performing site health and safety inspections. The CHSO provides consultation as needed to ensure the HASP is fully implemented and coordinate any necessary modification to the HASP with the HSO, PM, and Site Manger (SM). ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 68 March 2000 Site Operations Work Plan Warren County PCB Landfill The HSO assists and represent the CHSO in the continued on-site implementation and enforcement of the HASP. Due to the work schedule, 7 days per week, 24 hours per day, multiple HSO's will be employed and have the responsibility of ensuring safe work practices are followed during all field activities. A HSO will be on-site full time for the entire duration of field activities, and will have no other duties other than health and safety. The HSO will ensure that all aspects of the HASP are complied with as far as preparation of records, air monitoring, use of PPE, decontamination, and site control. The HSO will be responsible for perimeter and personal air monitoring and sampling operations on-site including calibration and operation of equipment, compilation and interpretation of data, and reporting and posting of qualified sampling results. The HSO shall serve as a member of the quality control staff on matters related to safety and health, and will consult and coordinate any necessary modification to the HASP with the CHSO, PM, and SM. The HSO shall have the authority to stop work if on-site health and/or safety conditions warrant such action. The SM is responsible for overseeing all facility operations. This individual ensures that all aspects of the Site are operational, maintained, and the HASP is implemented and that . progress is constant. The SM shall be on-site full time for the entire duration of field activities or as the project dictates. The SM shall assist in the development of site specific Task Assessment/Hazard Analyses (TAHA) for all principle tasks; correct deficiencies noted within safety inspections/audits within defined time frames; and assist with investigations of any incidents/accidents occurring on-site; and implement corrective actions. The SM shall assist the HSO in the preparation, presentation, and documentation of daily safety meetings. 5.3 Supervisor Safety Responsibilities Supervisors shall be responsible not only for their own safety, but also for the safe work performance of the employees under their supervision. Before assigning work to an employee the supervisor shall ensure that the employee knows and understands the hazards associated with the work, and the proper procedure to perform the work safely. Supervisors at all levels shall accept, in a cooperative manner, all reports of hazards, and employees shall not be reprimanded or penalized for reporting hazards. Supervisors are responsible for the complete and accurate reporting of employee injuries/accidents 5.4 Employee Safety Responsibility Each employee is responsible for their own safety, as well as the safety of those around them. Employees shall be required to know and understand the rules, which apply to the work being performed. If a condition or practice is observed that is either unsafe, defective, or destructive to the employee or Contractor's property, or hazardous to the public or its property, it is the employee's duty to correct the condition, if possible, or report it to his/her supervisor. If an employee is assigned work, which he/she feels, will contribute to the destruction of ETG Environmental, Inc / BFA Environmental Consultants 69 March2000 Site Operations Work Plan Warren County PCB Landfill equipment or is hazardous and without proper protection, the employee shall bring the matter to the attention of their supervisor prior to starting the work. Employees shall use care in the performance of their duties, assuring at all times maximum protection against accidents involving themselves, other employees, the public, and Contractor's property or the property of others. Employees shall use protective devices as required by the HASP, and shall exercise proper care and treatment of such equipment. All personnel will follow the policies set forth in this plan and other applicable health and safety procedure documents. 5.5 Subcontractor Responsibilities Each subcontractor performing work on-site is responsible for compliance with all applicable federal, State, and local statutes, ordinances, codes and regulations regarding health and safety. Each subcontractor shall prepare and conform to a health and safety plan that provides planning at least as stringent as this plan. Each subcontractor must identify a lead individual responsible for the health and safety compliance of his or her employees, lower tier subcontractors, and consultants. This person shall be responsible for reporting to the HSO, and for demonstrating compliance with health and safety procedures. The Contractor shall perform monitoring of subcontractor personnel and shall be responsible for ensuring compliance to the HASP. Each subcontractor employee proposed fot on-site activities within the exclusion zone must participate in a medical monitoring program, must be certified for hazardous waste fieldwork by a licensed physician, and must have· successfully completed the required health and safety training, as per 29CFR1910.120/1926.65. In addition, each individual will participate in the drug-testing program. The drug-testing program includes testing for pre-employment, random testing and testing for cause. Failure to pass the drug test will preclude the individual form working on the site and maybe subject to immediate termination from employment. Subcontractor employees working on-site exclusively in the support zone (e.g. site preparation and site restoration activities) will require the necessary training per 29 CFR 19190.120/1926.65 and participate in the drug testing program. 5.6 Site Staffing To ensure the safe and efficient operation of the project the minimum staffing requirements are: Site Management: • Site Manager • Project Engineer • Health & Safety Officer/Safety Technicians • Shift Supervisors • Quality Assurance/Quality Control Technicians • Office Clerk ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 70 March2000 Site Operations Work Plan Warren County PCB Landfill Landfill Operations: • Equipment Operators • Truck Drivers Material Preparation Area: • Process Operators • Equipment Operators • Laborers CBCD & BBCD Processing Area: • Lead Operators • Process Operators • Equipment Operators • Laborers LBCD Processing Area: • Process Operators • Laborers PCSAPT: • Process Operators Loadout & Backfill Operations: • Equipment Operators • Truck drivers Maintenance/Electrical: • Mechanic/Electrician 5. 7 Site Personnel Training Some of the site personnel will be long term employees of the Contractor, that have had experience in similar projects to the Warren County PCB Landfill Detoxification project. However, through the implementation of the Community Outreach and Involvement Plan established for this project, local personnel will be hired for this project. Regardless of experience level training in health and safety, and emergency response procedures will be provided to all personnel. 5.7.1 Health & Safety Training All personnel working on-site with the potential of coming in contact with contaminated materials will require 40 hour OSHA training. Annual 8-hour refresher training is required for personnel to maintain current their 40-hour training. Supervisors will be required to have an additional 8-hour Supervisor training. ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 71 March2000 Site Operations Work Plan Warren County PCB Landfill Daily tailgate safety meetings are conducted to review health and safety procedures, disseminate monitoring sampling results, and to identify personnel of new tasks to be performed and safety procedures to be followed. 5. 7 .2 Emergency Response Training Site personnel will receive training during the site orientation concerning proper emergency response procedures. In addition, specific individuals representing all shifts and work areas at the site will be assigned to the Emergency Response Team. An individual and alternate designees from this group will be assigned the emergency coordinator and alternates positions .All personnel on the Emergency Response Team will receive special training to include but not be limited to: • First Aid, • Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR), • Basic emergency response training, and • Specific site emergency response training with representatives of the community including, Fire Department, EMS and County HAZMA T Response personnel. • Blood Borne Pathogens. 5.7.3 Site Operations Training Prior to the start of any task or operation a Task Assessment/Hazard Analysis (TAHA) will be prepared. The requirements for preparing a TAHA are provided in the HASP. In addition, the. Contractor will provide a critical hazard operation evaluation for each. equipment component. The critical hazard operation evaluation will determine the scenario for each component should it fail, and the contingency .plan to pe implemented should a failure occur. Personnel will be trained for their specific position requirements based upon the TAHA and critical hazard operation evaluation. The operators for the major system processes (e.g. CBCD, BBCD, LBCD, Material Preparation, Common Systems, and PCSAPT) will receive specific on the job training related to the use of the process monitoring system. ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 72 March 2000 Site Operations Work Plan Warren County PCB Landfill 6.0 SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS FULL-SCALE OPERATION The Final Verification/Confirmation Sampling Plan (FVCSP) details the minimum full- scale sampling and analysis to be performed for the PCB Landfill Detoxification project. Special sampling and analysis requirements to be performed during the Performance Demonstration testing are contained in the Performance Demonstration Plan. Table 6-1 summarizes the full-scale sampling and analyses to be performed for the BCD operation. 6.1 Types Of Samples The FVCSP describes four categories of samples to be collected and analyzed for this project: 1) Verification Samples: Verification samples will be collected and analyzed in the field to provide the site management with information to make daily operational decisions. 2) Confirmation Samples: Confirmation samples will be analyzed by a laboratory certified to perform the applicable parameters under either North Carolina Administrative Code (NCAC) Subchapter 2H.0800, or the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Contract Laboratory Program (CLP). Unless otherwise noted in the FVCSP, field procedures must be in compliance with the May 1996 US EPA Region IV Environmental Investigations Standard Operating Procedures and Quality Assurance Manual (SOP). Field procedures include, but are not limited to, proper chain of custody protocols, sampling methods, preservation, containerization, field blanks, duplicates, matrix and matrix spikes and shipping procedures. 3) Informational Samples: Informational samples can be analyzed either through field screening methods or the use of laboratory analysis. The designation "informational" means that the sample is not a regulatory or permitted sample/ discharge parameter. The informational samples are generally influent or intermediate process samples to determine the effectiveness of a process system or components of a process system. These samples allow the Contractor to monitor and adjust the effectiveness of the process system. The Contractor may desire to collect samples from additional locations or increase frequency of an informational sample location, as they deem appropriate. However, the Contractor will not be compensated by NCDENR for additional information samples collected and analyzed. 4) Control Samples: Control samples are collected at points of discharge (regulatory or required by permit). Only certified laboratories can analyze control samples, as these are considered confirmation samples. The sampling frequency of control samples shall not be decreased without the approval of the State and regulatory agency. As with confirmation samples, field procedures must be compliant with the EPA Region IV Environmental Investigations Standard Operating Procedures and Quality Assurance Manual (SOP). ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 73 March2000 Site O2,eration Work Plan Description Matrix Untreated Solid Material Solid Solid Table 6-1 Sampling/Analysis Full Scale Operation Samples Frequency Quality Type Data Use Control Informational/Control Every day of excavation As required by Composite Excavated Material: Informational test procedure Segregate for BBCD/CBCD Selection Guideline Floor and sidewalls of As required by Composite Post Excavation: Informational excavation every 50' x test procedure Confirm excavation limits in landfill 50' grid Floor and sidewalls of CLP Lab Composite Post Excavation: Control excavation every 50' x Protocol, Verify excavation limits in landfill 50' grid minimum, one in every 20 samples Warren Coun!Y_ PCB Landfill Preparation/ Analytical Methods PCB Immunoassay % Moisture Field Test PCB Immunoassay PCB 8082 Solid Floor of existing pond CLP Lab Composite Post Sediment Excavation: Control PCB 8082 after excavation of Protocol Verify remaining sediments Meet sediments one sample cleanup standards every 50 linear feet Treated Solid First 2 weeks full scale CLP Lab Composite Treated Material: Control PCB 8082 Material production one sample Protocol, Verify treated soil meets clean-up Dioxin/Furan 8290 every 2 days of minimum one in standards from CBCD production through every 20 samples CBCD Solid First 2 weeks full scale CLP Lab Composite Treated Material: Control verify PCB 8082 production one sample Protocol, treated soil meets cleanup standards Dioxin/Furan 8290 every 2 days of minimum one in forBBCD production through every 20 samples BBCD Solid Remainder of project CLP Lab Composite Treated Material: Control PCB 8082 one sample every 2 days Protocol, Verify treated soil meets cleanup of production through minimum one in standards CBCD every 20 samples Field blank one/week ETG Environmental, Inc/ BF A Environmental Consultants 74 March 2000 Site O.12.c,ation Work Plan Description Matrix Treated Solid Material (Continued) Storm water/ Liquid Decon water Warren Counn'._ PCB Landfill Table 6-1 Sampling/Analysis Full Scale Operation Samples Frequency Quality Type Data Use Control Informational/Control Remainder of project CLP Lab Composite Treated Material: Control minimum one composite Protocol Verify treated soil meets cleanup sample per month of standards production through BBCD, or one sample per batch when untreated PCB concentration >750ppm Once/ week first 4 weeks CLP Lab Grab Influent to Pond: Informational Monthly Thereafter Protocol, Evaluate water quality into storm minimum one water treatment process every 20 samples Midfluent to Pond: Informational Evaluate break though of first carbon bed Effluent to Pond: Control Evaluate effluent quality for discharge compliance (Note: dictated by spray irrigation permit) Preparation/ Analytical Methods PCB 8082 Dioxin/Furan 8290 PCB 8082 PCB 8082 PCB 8082 ETG Environmental, Inc/ BFA Environmental Consultants 75 March 2000 Site O2,eration Work Plan Description Matrix Process Solid Condensate Liquid Liquid Liquid Table 6-1 Sampling/Analysis Full Scale Operation Samples Data Use Frequency Quality Type InformationaVControl Control Daily during PD and first As required by Composite Filter cake: Informational 14 days of processing, test procedure Determine PCB concentration of then, once per week cake and further treatment requirements Daily first 14 days of As required by Grab Sand filter Influent: Informational processing, then test procedure Evaluate water quality off centrifuge Once per week and loading on down stream polishing systems Daily first 14 days, then As required by Grab First carbon: Informational once per week. Note: test procedure Determine loading, breakthrough of frequency may increase first carbon unit if field data indicates CLP Lab Grab Effluent: Control carbon break through Protocol, Determine effluent quality of water will occur at greater minimum one used for rehydration frequency every 20 samples Once every two days As required by Grab Pretreatment Organic storage test procedure tank: Informational Warren Counn:: PCB Landfill Preparation/ Analytical Methods PCB Immunoassay Solid Content PCB Immunoassay TSS 160.2 PCB Immunoassay PCB 8082 PCB Immunoassay Determine if recovered organics from clarifier and centrifuge requires further treatment ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 76 March 2000 Site O2eration Work Plan Description Matrix CBCD Liquid Quencher/ Scrubber Recyle Condensate Liquid Collection Tank Discharge Contaminated Liquid Organics Feed to LBCD Reactor LBCD Effluent Liquid Table 6-1 Sampling/Analysis Full Scale Operation Samples Data Use Frequency Quality Type Informational/Control Control Daily during PD test and As required by test Grab Recycle Scrubber Water: first 14 days of procedure Informational processing, then; once Evaluate quality of quencher/scrubber per week recycle water. Daily during PD test and As required by test Grab Condensate Collection Tank: first 14 days of procedure Informational processing, then; once Evaluate filter press feed per week Once per batch As required by test Grab LBCD Organic Feed Tank: procedure Informational Determine PCB carryover with organics. Once per tanker load to CLP Lab Protocol, Grab Organic Treated Tank: recycling facility minimum one every Control 20 samples, or as Verify that treated organics can be required by transported and accepted at disposal recycling facility facility ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 77 Warren Counti'._ PCB Landfill Preparation/ Analytical Methods TSS 160.2 pH 150.1 Chlorides 325.2 TOC415.2 TSS 160.2 pH 150.1 Chlorides 325.2 TOC 415.2 PCB Immunoassay PCB 8082 Other parameters as required by recycling facility March 2000 Site Operations Work Plan Warren County PCB Landfill Table 6-1 provides the sampling location, frequency, quality control requirements, type of sample, data use (Informational or Control), analysis and minimum estimated samples for the full-scale operations. The following sections describe each sample area. 6.2 Untreated Materials Untreated materials will be sampled and analyzed during three phases of the project: • Performance Demonstration, • Excavation Activities, and • Post Excavation. 6.2.1 Performance Demonstration (PD) Sampling Untreated Materials Samples collected during the PD are to provide a baseline of the material contaminants and concentrations. The analysis will provide information on the PCB and dioxins/furans concentrations prior to treatment. .. In addition to the PCB and dioxins/furans analysis, untreated materials will be . analyzed to fully characterize the materials to be treated. 6.2.2 Excavation Sampling Untreated Materials During full-scale operations, samples of the untreated material will be collected everyday of excavation activities. These samples, referred to as Informational samples in Table 6-1, are for segregating the excavated materials prior to treatment through the CBCD or the BBCD. The following guideline will apply: • BBCD-Untreated material with a PCB concentration of 750 ppm or greater, or a percent moisture content of 15 percent or greater; • All other untreated materials to either the CBCD or BBCD. 6.2.3 Post Excavation Sampling Untreated Soils Verification and confirmation samples will be collected from the sidewalls and floor of the excavated landfill. Excavation will continue until the PCB contaminated materials, the filter fabric and six-inches of the five-foot thick clay liner are removed. The Contractor will design a sampling grid over the base and sidewalls of the excavation. Grid nodes will not be greater than 50 feet apart. A portion of the sediments located in the existing pond have been tested and determined to contain elevated levels of PCBs above the cleanup standard. The affected area extends from the discharge pipe of the existing water treatment system and proceeds toward the center of the pond. The sediments will be excavated from the pond and post excavation samples will be collected and analyzed in the field using the PCB immunoassay test (verification) and then submitted to a laboratory for PCBs ( confirmation). At a minimum, three sediment ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 78 March 2000 Site Operations Work Plan Warren County PCB Landfill samples will be collected to verify/confirm the remaining sediments are at or below the PCB cleanup standard of 200 ppb. 6.3 Treated Materials Treated soils will be sampled and analyzed during three phases of the project: • Performance Demonstration • First Two Weeks Of Full-scale Operations, and • Remainder Of Project. 6.3.1 Performance Demonstration (PD) Sampling Treated Materials Treated samples will be collected from each CBCD and BBCD PD test. The analytical results will confirm the treated materials meet the soil cleanup criteria for this project, and also that the treated materials are not hazardous for other constituents. 6.3.2 First Two Weeks Full-scale Operations Sampling Treated Materials The sampling plan for treated materials is predicated on the successful completion of the performance demonstration test and that no other contaminants of concern were identified. Treated materials from the CBCD and BBCD will be separated into distinct stockpiles. Each CBCD stockpile will contain two days of processed material and each BBCD stockpile will contain one week of processed material. One composite sample for each stockpile will be collected sent to a laboratory for PCBs and dioxin/furans analysis. 6.3.3 Remainder ·Full-scale Operations Sampling Treated Material Treated materials from the CBCD will continue to be grouped in two-day stockpiles. The sampling protocol will remain the same, with one composite sample collected and analyzed by a laboratory for PCBs. A monthly stockpile will be generated of materials treated in the BBCD unit or one sample per batch for materials treated with an initial PCB concentration greater than 750 ppm. One monthly composite sample will be collected and analyzed by a laboratory for PCBs and dioxin/furans. Similarly, each batch stockpile treated from materials containing PCBs greater than 750 ppm will have one composite sample collected and analyzed for by a laboratory for PCBs and dioxin/furans. ETG Environmental, Inc I BF A Environmental Consultants 79 March 2000 Site Operations Work Plan Warren County PCB Landfill 6.4 Liquid BCD Detoxification System Sampling Organics containing PCB concentrations will require detoxification/dechlorination treatment in the LBCD process. The sampling frequency may be modified to correspond with the quantity of organics being treated per LBCD batch and the variance of PCB concentrations contained in the collected organic stream. At a predetermined time, when the reaction period is anticipated to be completed (note: batch specific, dependant upon initial PCB concentration and other variables) samples will be collected from set sample ports. The sample will be screened for PCBs using the immunoassay test. When sufficient quantity of organics are collected in the treated organic storage tank, a confirmation sample will be collected and analyzed for PCBs, and any other parameters required by the disposal facility. A certified laboratory will analyze the confirmation sample. 6.5 Process Condensate Separation and Aqueous Phase Treatment Sampling The following samples will be collected, at a minimum, to monitor the PCSAPT performance. 6.5.1 Filter Cake Sampling A composite sample of each day's production of filter cake during the PD and first two weeks of full scale operation will be screened for PCBs using the immunoassay test and tested on site for percent moisture. These samples are for informational purposes, as the filter cake may be reprocessed through the BBCD process, due to the anticipated elevated level of PCBs in the filter cake. It is anticipated that after two weeks of full-scale production, the sampling frequency can be reduced to once a week. 6.5.2 Sand Filter Influent Sampling To evaluate the performance of the process condensate separation system, a sample of the aqueous filtrate will be collected prior to proceeding through the aqueous phase portion of the treatment system (sand filtration and carbon polishing). During the PD and first two weeks of full-scale operations a sample will be collected daily. After which a sample will be collected, at a minimum, once per week. The sample will be analyzed on site for total suspended solids (TSS) and for PCBs. ETG Environmental, Inc I BF A Environmental Consultants 80 March2000 Site Operations Work Plan Warren County PCB Landfill 6.5.3 Midfluent Carbon System Sampling The aqueous phase treatment system concludes with, a minimum of two carbon units placed in series for polishing. A sample will be collected after the first carbon unit and analyzed on site for PCBs using the immunoassay test. This data will determine when break through for_ PCBs has occurred, and carbon change-out is required. The data will also provide information to the treatment operator regarding carbon efficiency and anticipated carbon change-outs. A sample result above 200 ppb will require the carbon to be changed-out. Sample frequency will be, at a minimum, one sample per week, data results may dictate more frequent sampling. 6.5.4 Effluent Carbon Treatment Sampling To monitor the effectiveness of the PCSAPT system for treatment of PCBs, an effluent sample will be collected at least weekly. The sample will be sent to laboratory and analyzed for PCBs. The target cleanup level is less than <200 ppb. 6.6 CBCD Quencher/Scrubber Recycle In an effort to evaluate the quality of the CBCD quencher/scrubber recycle, samples will be collected from the CBCD quencher/scrubber system. Data from these samples will allow the treatment operator to evaluate the CBCD quencher/scrubber performance. Samples will be collected form either a sample port installed in the recycle line, or directly from the recycle tank. The samples will be analyzed for TSS, pH, total organic carbon (TOC) and chlorides. The results are for informational purposes only. During the first PD and two weeks of full-scale operations a sample will be collected daily from each unit. Thereafter, the minimum sample schedule will be weekly. 6.7 Storm Water/Decontamination Water Sampling Sampling ports will be installed on the Storm Water/Decontamination Water treatment system in order to collect samples prior to treatment, midfluent of the carbon system and effluent quality. The influent and midfluent samples are for informational purposes, the effluent sample is a Control sample and subject to applicable permit requirements. Currently, the Spray Irrigation System permit requires that the concentration of PCBs in the effluent wastewater to be applied by the system shall not exceed 1 ppb PCBs. The sampling frequency is once per month. The proposed sampling frequency for this project is once per week for the first four weeks of full-scale operation, followed by monthly, thereafter. The samples will be analyzed for PCBs. At a minimum, the effluent sample (Control sample) must be analyzed by a laboratory certified to perform PCB analysis. The actual permit received by the Contractor for the spray irrigation system will predicate the sampling frequency and analytical requirements. ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 81 March2000 Site Operations Work Plan Warren County PCB Landfill 6.8 Miscellaneous Sampling The intent of the project is to treat all PCB contaminated materials on-site. However, due to logistics, there will be a relatively small quantity of residual materials that will require disposal off-site. These may include, but not be limited to: • Spent Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), • Porous oversize debris, • Sand and carbon from last units used for treatment, • Decontamination water generated after treatment systems are dismantled, • Spent rags and materials used for decontaminating equipment, and • Miscellaneous trash and debris including scrap steel. These waste streams will require sampling and analytical data for proper disposal and documentation. The disposal facility requirements, the physical nature of the waste stream (porous, non-porous, solid, liquid, etc.), and how the waste was generated will determine the sampling and analytical requirements. ETG Environmental, Inc/ BF A Environmental Consultants 82 March2000 Site Operations Work Plan Warren County PCB Landfill 7.0 AIR MONITORING The Air Monitoring Plan details the air monitoring and sampling requirements for the full-scale operation of the site. Special sampling and analysis requirements to be performed during the Performance Demonstration testing are contained in the Performance Demonstration Plan. Monitoring and sampling for the health and safety of the site personnel and surrounding community is contained in the HASP. The following sections highlight the air-monitoring program. 7.1 Background Monitoring Background air monitoring data will be compared against operational air monitoring data to determine the impact of the remediation activities on air quality. 7.2 Meteorological Station A meteorological station will be located on-site to monitor temperature, barometric pressure, relative humidity, wind speed, wind direction and precipitation. The data collected from the station will be recorded daily in the logbook. The daily wind direction will determine the up-and downwind locations for air monitoring and sample collection. 7.3 Construction Mo1_1itoring During the equipment mobilization and set-up phase, prior to any excavation, daily monitoring will be performed. Real time organic vapor and dust monitoring equipment will measure dust and particulate levels within and outside of the work areas. 7.4 Landfill Excavation The HSO will monitor airborne emissions and operator exposures during excavation activities. Emissions will be monitored in the landfill work area and up-and downwind from the excavation. Direct reading instruments will monitor for respirable dust and for voes twice per shift. During the first few weeks of excavation, periodic personnel samples will be collected and submitted for laboratory analysis (see the HASP). This sampling will occur concurrent with the excavation of PCB contaminated soils. 7.5 BCD Processing Area The HSO will monitor the airborne emissions and personnel exposures during all work shifts within and downwind of the BCD processing area. Direct reading instruments will monitor for VOCs at a minimum of twice per shift. Dust monitoring will occur concurrent with screening and stockpiling activities. ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 83 March2000 Site Operations Work Plan Warren County PCB Landfill 7.6 Stack Emission Monitoring In addition to the process area monitoring, continuous process stack monitoring will be conducted. The monitoring points will be located at the discharge of the thermal oxidizers for both the CBCD and BBCD systems. Stack emission monitoring provides total hydrocarbon (THC) readings using a THC analyzer. 7.7 · Stack Testing Stack emission tests will be conducted during the POP testing to verify that CBCD and BBCD stack emissions do not exceed established federal and state action levels off-site. A qualified stack-testing contractor will conduct all stack tests. During each of the three performance test runs, two stacks, one each for the BBCD and CBCD systems will be tested. The stack sampling will occur at the discharge of the thermal oxidizers. 7.8 Perimeter Area The site perimeter has been established as the State boundary. During all operations, the HSO or his/her representative will monitor the airborne emissions at least twice per shift, adjacent to the perimeter, at one upwjnd and two downwind locations. Direct reading instruments will monitor for VOCs and respirable dust. Additional quantitative monitoring will take place during the POP and early phases of work. See Table 3-2 of the Air Monitoring Plan for a summary of the sampling plan. The frequency and numbers of samples collected will decrease as site work continues (assuming earlier analysis proves low or no levels of constituents). 7.9 Engineering Controls Appropriate engineering controls will be instituted to reduce emissions in the event the action level is exceeded during remedial activities. Examples of engineering controls for dust control include spraying of water, covering sources of dust, and reducing vehicle speeds on access roads or speed of excavation. Examples of engineering controls for VOCs include spraying stockpiles with foam or covering stockpiles with plastic sheeting or other barriers. ETG Environmental, Inc I BF A Environmental Consultants 84 March 2000 Site Operations Work Plan Warren County PCB Landfill 8.0 PERMITTING The Contractor will be responsible for obtaining all necessary local, state and federal permits. The permits include, but not limited to: • TSCA Operating • State Of North Carolina Division Of Air Quality • Irrigation Permit for Treated Stormwater/Decontamination Water Used For Dust Control • Erosion Control • Local Construction • Local Building • Local Electrical • Local Land Disturbance/Use • Local Plumbing ETG Environmental, Inc / BFA Environmental Consultants 85 March2000 It a • a I I 11: I f! i rn -- . ------- ,-, ~ s l ·~ ,: -~. :-: t :l ;, I ~.....____,;z------~ ~--------LANDFILL TRUCK SCALE STOCK PILE r----------------SCREEN oV£RSIZE ---------------------, I -----------------: 2" X2" -------------7 I ~-~ I SCREEN HOPPER CONVEYOR BCD REAGENT ~ I I I I / SCREEN : I I n.. OUST COLLECTOR r------MAGNETIC ~~BIAL ___ , I I J/4;AGN0 1 SCREENED MATERIAL CQNYEYOR ~ ;/_ ~ ~ ::E 0 w z w w 0:: u (/) I I I I I I I I TO ---► DECONTAMINATION & DISPOSAL ---► TO DECONTAMINATION & DISPOSAL SILO PUG~_MILL HOPPER BLENDED MATERIAL ·, PUG MILL DISCHARGE STACKER -------------~ STQCKPILE \ .----~ I : L _______________ ~ ETG ENVIROMEKTAL. INC. ROTARY • D<1 VALVE , / ,___ __ ____, I PUG MILL DISCHARGE CONVQQR TO CBCD SYSTEM (DWG PFD-202) TO BBCD SYSTEM (DWG PF0-203) PU_G_MILL 0 PUG MILL FEED _CONVEYOR 0 0 • PUG MILL HOPPER CONVEYOR ~ CAAOUNA DO'AIITMO(T or CIMROHllOCI AM> IIATUIW.. IIB0UIICa DIVISION Of WAST[ IIANAc;[ll[NJ ~ I MATERIAL PREPARATION PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM &mes. Ferland and Assodates. Inc. WARREN COUNTY PC8 lANOflU. OCTOXlflCATION PROJECT LEGEND· F\6..K2AUI 50J0""1(RW_ U0I.II) -·-·-·-·---·-·-·-CAS & VJlrrll!IJRS ClJCCJNC .,_TER PA0CBS .,_TER .....,..,, I DL\ft<C -"°" I O,.l£ I •• , . .,:n,.., Rool PFO-2 0 1, ,._..., ""' ~ ft WV OUICmff. 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I .,_a,oro,cr llK r----------.J l r ----'!'-- ----il -__ ~ , -~ : Fi--=>-' : I ! --l l I l l --l-~----> I I , ...,.. ..,_ I I I 10-:_.-I 10 c:a::D ...... --10 cecD ----10aa, -I I D ~----L ___ l ___ ~--4=-> AIXl MXfllaDl CP IH)tS;'jj OlfIMO ETG [NVIROM[NTAL. INC. -bNO ceeeea ~ CAIIOUIA DO'ARIWOIT Of OMltONWOIT AICl NAllJRAL IICSOUllC£s DIVISION OF WAST[ IIANAc;[ll[NT WARREN COUNTY PC8 LANonu. DCTOXlflCATION PROJECT _ _, I I aim tBftiifD u man r ..IIFA. fnvironmenlal C-onsultants a":m;""F~~~ CBCO PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM -i i_ ______________ _ LEGEND: An..lG.•Mt SU>-U0UD -·-axuc_,,,. ""DCDS..,.,. 1:r.o ..... ---~ul OPOIA.nC NC> CM: 15 • Sf'IU;I(. I OM.--~ I DAff I -~ I ...,_....,.,., Hao\ I __,.., cncPFD-202, ..,._ ft 917/'rwr:. t-t-ft O<DCEJrr. PAI ..... ··-',_ .. ., .. , ..... ·-· ........ •••,-,h,o,_,, ... -· ... ' .. ·····:-•·-···•. . ... , ..... ,,)'(,, ..... . . . ·,:~ .... ~---.·.-. -· . ,, "•>'~ i:~·:.::·:~~~,:,_:·~~~=~~:;::~:~·::~~ .. -~ • • ••• • '• OH', .,•• , • o ; I I I I ' a ; i I I ~ I I I ! I § I i \ \ I , 1' i 1 1 I ; ! I I I j j I I ! j I I : I ~ a::: <.:) < i5 ~ ~ g a::: Q.. 0 u CXl CXl -z > ~ -Cle Q ◄ 31 1 lowG Pm-203)----1 FROM BBCO , CONDENSATE TRANSf1:R PUMP ..e.eco CENTRIFUGE FEED TANK ------<owG Pm-2os] ,--UGKT ORGANICS ! TO LBCD ORGANIC ~ f[[OTM« . _ CENTRIFUGE --:-:..~, ...,,,,,1 I ' ------<owG Pm-20~ ·, L---~ ! I f"ROM CBCO -----<pwc Pf0-205 I _J • s,sm, --------. ,---_j ------------FROM ORGANICS I . ---------------7 SFER "' ,------------TRAN PROCESS CONDENSATE SEPARATIO·N SYSTEM , Qo ______ __________ • TANK I :,I ---------------I 0. ------------r7 · ~. I ,---r------1_ · I ~I ·. I r-i I · ~. I I -----, -· · ' . ~ h .. r . · ,---T7 tJ I ~ I I I I i , ! ! '1 i I rTTTTimrr,11,11 . CENTRIAJCE • I I .---..--I • L FEFD PUMP CONDENSATE I ·, . '1 ,· $ -l I COU£CTION I I • l":--7'-;--;-.,, I I 11 I 1 .ImK I . . _l . L--r-r· -I . --1 ! ! ·1 I - L __ -1 I _j j sum: 1AHK HOIO!NG £1~ EW> i t ,-. . ! '1 ~7 ! ,---,--1 ___ L7 L-{owc PFO zosj 1 • , c.r-· _.J r • '° eeco U--i j . ' ,~FEFD 1-@ ffR PRfCOOHIBJ L . . j CONDENSATE TRANS : ~ 7_ ___ _ .fU.MeS 1 FJLTRAIT STORAGE Jf,HK -7 ' I . I ' I . I . I • I . I . I I ! ---------·-------------------------------------------• _________ J ! L ________ 7 I . . I I . . I AQUEOUS PHASE TREATMENT SYSTEM ,--<owe Pm-20sj I TO LBCD ' ORGANIC FEED TANK I LLTI--7 ~ r ~ c., ' ---------i t------SMP FJL]!.R ~--~-L::J-1::1------f DWG PFl)-206 ) ~ _ _J • 7 ~ ~ TO WATER STORAGE TANK BACKWASH I LEGEND: f'\E,.ICZ&Aa: SU>-.-. -----------UJ.Cl AOUEUOS PHASE JREAJMENT FEED .EUMPS ETG NOlllll CAR0UNA OCPAR'TMO!T Of OIVIIONWOIT AH) NA TUIUi. RC50UIIC[s DIVISIOII Of WAST[ W&N&C[ll[NT £1.!MeS L ___ ~CKWASH ______ --{ OWG PF0-206 I ----FROM WATER STORAGE TANK Q._11'.A. Environmenlal ~ PROCESS CONDENSATE SEPARATION • _,,r-_,,r n1tAC'C" TOC'AT1,.-•. _ ,-vc-Tr1., -·-0JOJC""""' -=-1~ r.o ~ AR( --~ 61 OPERA.llMC N-0 ()N( l5 A SPAR!.. DRA--..-ot!WATIOI< I OAT£ I , ~ tao.: Hoo\ nr-"',.., • ..,._..,. .,, ~-f i l t l l r . t 'f t I r r :, l t i-t :; t l " } ! ~-r ,----< DWG I PFD-203 I I I I I I I I ' I TO CBCO FTO -------1 CHI\ I FR QRCU[ FROM BBCD CEt-ITRIFUGE ~4 tROl.4 flLTRATE STORAGE TANK .l.6CQ ORGANIC ETEP .T.mlS ~ CATALYSTS I . . j ~ .----rT\ I ! ~ ! ! ~ CARRY OIL lAliK I I I CATAL)'.STS ' ~ .. I F£fD f!JMP I I ' , " . I ! __f-Ll------. !! ' L __ ~ ·, II -----------cT.\~~-_J ETEP PUMP .l.6CQ ~ FTED PUMP ,,r ~ ·, I I i CARRY OIL I I I TANK PUMP I II I .1.0CD REACTOR'< J --------------~ ---lT ___ Si---_ b I I !.!till ~-Jt ,-----7 ~ I t I I f r---1 I . . I I I ' I ' I -~ I I I ORGANICS TRANSFER .T.mlS ORGANICS TRANSFTR ..eJ.lMP ACID NEUTRALIZATION r--IB---s I • I I ., . I ~ I t I I I L ~ .. ( owe PFD-204 ~ TO CONDENSATE WATER REJURN .fUMf COU£CTION TANK CONDFNSAJI TANK #3 RfACTOR TRANSFTR fllMe L _____________________ ___J I I I -CT:'\_~ ' .cacQ CONDENSATE fllMe r--~ ------~ L ___________________________________________________________ _ NOm4 CAR0U11A DO'ARTWOIT or (l(W!Ol(WOIT AICl IIATIJRAt ll£SOUIC£S .BFA f.nwoomenlal Consultants LBCD ETG DIVISION or WAS TC WANA~CWCNT [NVIROMENT AL INC. WARREN COUNTY PCB LAHonu DETOXlncATIOH f'ROJECT ~ Hornes, Ferl,,.nd 4T>d Assoa,,tes. Inc. PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM .IRfAIEQ ~ .MtiK I I I I L ___ E;=J--JRfAIEO ~ fllMe LEGEND: R.e..ta:•• Silt.I)_.,..._ LQ.C) -·-CJJ0UC umt ..,..,.. """' l ~ T'wO PVUPS AA£. SMOW><.. ON( IS I OPOlATINC AHO ON( IS A. SPl,R£ ____ .... DAAWW4C INF'Oll>U.TIOII OA11: _.., ..,..,,,""' IDOCft CD« PFD-205 ..... -ft rwc ......... OUJClDft , ... f. ; ' i No. 2 FlJEl OIL TANK NITROGEN CYUNOERS PROPANE TANK PLANT AIR COMPRESSOR WITH DESICCANT DRYER 1---DWG PF0-202 TO C8CO SfALS &: WESP OWG PF0-202 FROIA DUPLEX OIL PUIAPS CBCO OWG PF0-203 FROIA DUPLEX OIL PUIAPS BBCO owe PF0-202 TO COCO DUPLEX FUfl. PUIAPS OWG Pf0-203 TO BBCO DUPLEX fUfl. PUIAPS owe PF0-202 TO C8CO owe Pf0-20.J TO B8CO TO EMERGENCY GENERATOR TO CBCO TO BBCO TO CBCD VRS TO BBCD VRS TO GENERAL PURPOSE PLANT TO PCSAPT TO LBCO ETG (HVlROUENTAL INC. N0lml CAAOUNA DCPAlllMOIT or [IMR()Nll(l(I AICl NA1\Jl!Al ~ DIVISION or WAST[ WANA,CW[NT WARREN COUNTY PCB LANDFlU. DCTOXIFlCATION PROJECT ( OWG Pf0-202 h TO coco I I I ( OWG Pf0-20.J H TO BBCO ~ I I I I I FROIA COOLING TOWER CITY MAKE-UP WATER ··-··-··1--------FROIA TREATED STORMWATER I I I I I I -----r ---_ FROIA PCSAPT WATER STORAGE TANK ~--co--,-.___, i I I TREATED WATER I I FUD PUMP I L-v-_J TREATED WATER FEED PUMP .BFA Environmental Consultanrs ~--Barnes. Ferland ,.,,,i AS$000tes. Inc. COMMON SYSTEMS PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM LEGEND: R.E1..ta•1« ------------sor.D ~ U1.C) ---·---------·-·-C,,t$. WflOllt5 --·-··-··-··-··-··-··-CXXl...c ~ ------fl'll:X:ESS -.r[R DIIAWINC IHF'ORWAllOI< ...,.,,,..,, QDlll:MD ft a>t CII.TC _ ... PFD-201 ou-ft rwc ......... O<OCIDft ,. ... Oll,l-C "-£: "'-"Le ~-=- WARREN COUNTY PCB LANDFILL HEAL TH & SAFETY PLAN Prepared for: North Carolina 1Depa,rtiment of Envtronment and Natural Resources Division of Waste Management E .. "■re> .. .,..~ .. t.-■, ■ .. c_ BF A Environmental Consultants Barnes, Ferland and Associates, Inc. MARCH 2000 Health & Safety Plan Minimum Requirements For THE WARREN COUNTY PCB LANDFILL DETOXIFICATION WARREN COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA Prepared for: The North Carolina Department of Environment And Natural Resources Prepared by: ETG Environmental, Inc. 16 Hagerty Boulevard West Chester, Pennsylvania 19382 Health & Safety Plan Warren County PCB Landfill TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Statement of Health and Safety Policy ................................................................................ 1 1.2 Scope and Applicability of the Operational Health and Safety Plan ................................... I 1.3 Visitors, Vendors, Skilled Support Personnel ..................................................................... 2 1.4 Site History/Description ...................................................................................................... 2 1.5 Scope of Work and Treatment Systems .............................................................................. 4 1.6 Applicable Standards ......................................................................................................... .5 1.7 Site Health and Safety Documentation ............................................................................... 5 2.0 PROJECT ORGANIZATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF KEY PERSONNEL AND MANAGEMENT .............................................................................................................................. 6 2.1 Key Personnel ..................................................................................................................... 6 2.2 Organizational Responsibility ............................................................................................. 6 2.3 Supervisor Safety Responsibility ........................................................................................ 7 2.4 Employee Safety Responsibility ......................................................................................... 7 2.5 Subcontractor Responsibilities ............................................................................................ 7 3.0 SCOPE OF WORK AND RISK ASSESSMENT ............................................................................. 8 3. l Scope of Work .................................................................................................................... 8 3. l. l Preconstruction Activities ..................................................................................... 8 3.1.2 Site Preparation ..................................................................................................... 8 3.1.3 Mobilization and Process Setup ............................................................................ 9 3.1.4 Performance Demonstration and Full Scale Operation ......................................... 9 3.1.5 Decontamination and Site Restoration ................................................................ 10 3.1.6 Demobilization ................................................................................................... 10 3 .2 Task Assessment/ Activity Hazard Analysis .......................................................................... 11 3 .3 Chemical Toxicity Hazard Assessment ................................................................................. 13 3.4 Potential Routes ofExposure ................................................................................................. 13 3 .5 Physical Hazards .................................................................................................................... 15 3.5.l Illumination ........................................................................................................ 15 3.5.2 Noise ................................................................................................................... 15 3.5.3 Manual Lifting, Handling, Storage ..................................................................... 16 3.5.4 Heavy Equipment Operations ............................................................................. 16 3.5.5 MotorVehicles ................................................................................................... 17 3.5.6 Aerial Lifts .......................................................................................................... 18 3 .5. 7 Fire/Explosion .................................................................................................... 19 3 .5 .8 Electrical Hazards ............................................................................................... 20 3.5.9 Slips, Trips, and Falls ........................................................................................ .22 ETG Environmental, Inc. \ BF A Environmental Consultants l Final March 2000 Health & Safety Plan 3.5.10 3.5. l l 3.5.12 3.5.13 3.5.14 3.5.15 3.5.16 3.5.17 3.5.18 3.5.19 3.5.20 3.5.21 3.5.22 3.5.23 Warren County PCB Landfill Hot Surfaces ....................................................................................................... 21 Confined Space Entry ......................................................................................... 21 Portable Electric Equipment/Tools ..................................................................... 22 Pneumatic and Hydraulic Tools .......................................................................... 22 Hand Tools ......................................................................................................... 23 Supports and Scaffolds ....................................................................................... 23 Ladders ............................................................................................................... 24 Rigging Equipment ............................................................................................. 25 Welding and Cutting .......................................................................................... 25 Fuel Powered Equipment ................................................................................... .27 Cuts/Punctures (S harp Objects) ......................................................................... 27 Crane Operations/Mechanical Lifts ................................................................... .27 Fall Protection ..................................................................................................... 28 Pressure Vessels .................................................................................................. 28 3.6 Environmental Natural/Biological Hazards ............................................................................ 28 3.6.1 Heat Stress .......................................................................................................... 28 3.6.2 Weather Hazards ................................................................................................. 29 3.6.3 Natural Hazards .................................................................................................. 29 3.6.4 Cumulative Trauma ............................................................................................ 29 3.6.5 Blood Borne Pathogens ...................................................................................... 29 4.0 SITE CONTROL PROCEDURES .................................................................................................. 30 4.1 Site Work Zones .............................................................................................................. .30 4.2 Site Security ..................................................................................................................... .30 4.3 Spill Containment Program .............................................................................................. .30 4.4 Site Sanitation ................................................................................................................... 31 4.5 On/Off Site Communications ............................................................................................ 32 4.6 Buddy System .................................................................................................................. .32 4.7 Entry/Exit Log ................................................................................................................. .32 4.8 Medical Assistance ........................................................................................................... 32 5.0 PERSONNEL TRAINING REQUIREMENTS ............................................................................. .33 5.1 Hazardous Materials Training .......................................................................................... .33 5.2 24-Hour Supervised On-Site Training .............................................................................. 33 5.3 Annual Refresher Training ............................................................................................... .33 5.4 Site Supervisors Training ................................................................................................. .33 5.5 Health and Safety Briefing ................................................................................................ 34 5 .6 Tailgate Safety Meeting .................................................................................................... 34 6.0 MONITORING REQUIREMENTS ................................................................................................ 35 6.1 Direct-Reading Monitoring Instruments ........................................................................... 35 6.2 Site Air Monitoring and Sampling Program ..................................................................... 37 6.3 Integrated Personal Sampling .......................................................................................... .38 6.4 Stack Gas Monitoring ...................................................................................................... .41 ETG Environmental, Inc. \ BF A Environmental Consultants 11 Final March 2000 Health & Safety Plan Warren County PCB Landfill 7.0 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT .................................................................................. .45 7. I Levels of Protection ......................................................................................................... .45 7.2 Level A-Personal Protective Equipment ....................................................................... .45 7.3 Level B -Personal Protective Equipment... ..................................................................... .46 7.4 Level C -Personal Protective Equipment... ..................................................................... .46 7.5 Level D -Modified, Personal Protective Equipment... .................................................... .47 7.6 Level D -Personal Protective Equipment ....................................................................... .47 7.7 Additional Personal Protective Equipment ...................................................................... .47 7.8 Reassessment of Personal Protective Equipment.. ........................................................... .47 7.9 Work Activity Duration ................................................................................................... .48 7.10 Personal Protective Clothing/Equipment, lnspection ....................................................... .48 7 .11 Site Specific Levels of Protection (Anticipated) .............................................................. .49 8.0 DECO NT AMINTION PROCEDURES ................................................................................................. 50 8.1 Equipment Decontamination Procedures ................................................................................. 50 8.2 Disposable PPE ........................................................................................................................ 50 8.3 Decontamination During Medical Emergencies ...................................................................... 50 9.0 EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN ...................................................................................................... 51 I 0.0 RESPIRATORY PROTECTION PROCEDURES ......................................................................... 54 10.1 Air Purifying Respirators (APR) ....................................................................................... 54 I 0.1. l Daily Cleaning Procedures ................................................................................. 54 10.1.2 After Routine Use in Exclusion Zone ................................................................. 54 10 .1.3 APR Inspection and Checkouts ......................................................................... .5 5 10.1 .4 Storage of Air Purifying Respirators .................................................................. 55 10.2 Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBAs)/Supplied Air Respirators (SARs) .......... .55 10.2.1 Daily Cleaning Procedure ................................................................................... 56 10.2.2 After Routine Use in Exclusion Zone ................................................................. 56 10.2.3 SCBA Inspection and Checkouts ....................................................................... .56 10.2.4 Storage ofSCBAs ............................................................................................... 58 I 1.0 PERSONNEL TRAINING AND MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE PROGRAM ............................. 59 11.1 Baseline or Pre-assignment Medical Monitoring .............................................................. 59 11 .2 Exit Examinations ............................................................................................................. 59 11 .3 Frequency of Medical Monitoring .................................................................................... 60 11.4 Drug and Alcohol Policy ................................................................................................... 60 12.0 HEARING CONSERVATION PROGRAM .................................................................................. 61 ETG Environmental, Inc.\ BFA Environmental Consultants 111 Final March 2000 Health & Safety Plan Warren County PCB Landfill 13.0 LOGS, REPORTS, AND RECORDKEEPING .............................................................................. 62 14.0 ACCIDENT AND INWRY REPORTING ..................................................................................... 63 15 .0 HAZARD COMMUNICATION PROGRAM ................................................................................ 64 ETG Environmental, Inc. \ BF A Environmental Consultants lV Final March 2000 Health & Safety Plan Appendix I Appendix II Appendix III Appendix IV Appendix V Appendix VI Appendix VII Appendix VIII Appendix IX Appendix X Appendix XI Appendix XII Appendix XIII Warren County PCB Landfill LIST OF APPENDICES PCB Waste Disposal Site, Warren County As Built Drawings Historical Soil Data Chemical Profiles List of Acronyms Incident Investigation Report HAZOP -BCD Process System and Control Evaluation and Plan (Contractor to provide) Task Assessment Hazard Analysis Dust Exposure Calculation Worksheet Lockout/Tag-Out Procedures (Contractor to provide) Confined Space Entry Procedures Vendor Supplied Infonnation (Contractor to provide) Material Safety Data Sheets (Contractor to provide) Example Drug and Alcohol Policy ETG Environmental, Inc. \ BF A Environmental Consultants V Final March 2000 Health & Safety Plan Warren County PCB Landfill LIST OF FIGURES, DRAWINGS, AND TABLES Diagrams Process Flow Diagrams (To be provided by Contractor) Drawings Emergency Facilities MP A -Drawing O I I Site Layout Drawings (To be provided by Contractor) Existing Conditions Plan (Appendix I) Emergency Equipment Layout Drawings (To be provided by Contractor) Motor Location Drawings (To be provided by Contractor) Location MAP -Drawing O I 0 Figures & Tables Site Location Map (Appendix I) 3-2 List of Task Assessment Hazard Analyses 3-3-1 Hazard Outline of Identified Chemical Contaminant of Concern 3-5-1 Minimum Lighting Requirements 4-5 Hand Signals 5-1 Project Supervisors 6-1 Direct Reading Instruments 6-2 Work Zone Action Level Lattice 6-3 Personnel Monitoring and Sampling Summary 7-1 Initial Levels of Protection 9-1 Emergency Contact Numbers ETG Environmental, Inc.\ BFA Environmental Consultants Vl Final March 2000 Health & Safety Plan Warren County PCB Landfill 1.0 INTRODUCTION This Site Health and Safety Plan (HASP) has been developed for the detoxification of the Warren County PCB Landfill in Warren County, North Carolina. The project will be perfonned under the direction of the North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources (NCDENR). A Citizens Advisory Board (CAB) has been established to work with NCDENR. This HASP has been prepared to set forth the minimum requirements the successful Contractor must include in the required HASP. The purpose of the HASP is to provide a document describing policies and procedures that will protect the health and safety of all employees, sub-contractors, and related personnel involved in this project working within the designated work and support zones, as well as protect the surrounding community. All project activities will be conducted in a manner that minimizes the probability of injury, accident or incident occurrence. The Contractor will provide a site specific HASP prior to initiating work activities at the site. The Contractor's plan shall focus on the specific operational procedures, but also remain flexible due to the nature of the work. Conditions may change and unforeseen situations may arise that require deviations from the original plan. Flexibility allows modification by supervisors and health and safety personnel with approval from the project Certified Industrial Hygienist (CIH). All project personnel shall be required to read the HASP, receive a detailed orientation by the Health and Safety Officer (HSO), and to sign the acknowledgement form to document their understanding and willingness to comply with the contents. The HSO will keep the acknowledgment forms on file at the site. A copy of the HASP will be maintained at the Contractor's Corporate Office and at the Site. The plan will be available and accessible to all employees. 1.1 Statement of Health and Safety Policy The Contractor has an obligation to protect the integrity of its' human, physical, anq financial resources. The Contractor also has the responsibility to manage their business in such a way that their resources are conserved and utilized effectively. The goal of the Contractor will be to : • Furnish a safe and healthful work place. • Hold supervisors accountable for maintaining all safety standards in the workplace and regularly measure their achievement in preventing accidents, controlling exposures, and losses. • Hold each employee accountable for his/her own safety performance. • Develop and implement an effective health and safety program. • Recognize health and safety as the first priority where there is competition with economic considerations. • Train employees in safety procedures, work practices, and require compliance with all regulations. • Ensure compliance with all state and federal health and safety standards and regulations. • Provide a professional staff to support and monitor health and safety programs. • Inform all visitors, consultants, contractors, and subcontractors concerning the health and safety programs and ensure that they comply with these at all times while on-site. 1.2 Scope and Applicability of the Operational Health and Safety Plan The purpose of this plan is to define the minimum health and safety requirements and designate the protocols to be followed during remedial activities at the Warren County PCB Landfill Detoxification Site. The applicability of the HASP will extend to all employees, contractors, subcontractors, and visitors working on or around designated work and/or support zones. The development and preparation of the Contractor's HASP shall be based on specific information and waste profiles of materials and substances to be treated. If actual site conditions vary from the information and data used to prepare this HASP, amendments shall be made to reflect those changes. ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 1 Final March 2000 Health & Safety Plan Warren County PCB Landfill 1.3 Visitors, Vendors, Skilled Support Personnel The Contractor will supply a drawing identifying the Support Zones (SZ) the Contamination Reduction Zones (CRZ) and the Exclusion Zones (EZ) at the site. All visitors entering the CRZ and EZ at the Site shall be required to read and verify compliance with the provisions of the HASP. Appropriately trained personnel will escort visitors without Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response (HAZWOPER) training, in the event that "skilled support personnel" are needed for emergency repairs or work situations. The visitors, vendors and skilled support personnel will receive a Site orientation prior to performing their scope of work. The orientation shall include instruction in the wearing of appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), what chemical hazards are involved, and what duties are to be performed. Any effort where skilled support personnel are needed shall be coordinated through the HSO in conjunction with the Shift Superintendent. The HSO will oversee all such activities pursuant to 29 CFR 1910.120 (q) (4). 1.4 Site History/Description The Warren County PCB Landfill (Site) is located in Warren County, North Carolina, and approximately 50 miles north of Raleigh, North Carolina. A location map is attached as Drawing O 10. The Site is situated within a tract of land owned by the State of North Carolina that covers 19.3 17 acres. The Site includes a 2.54-acre landfill cell (PCB Landfill) that contains soils with elevated levels of Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dioxins/furans. Approximately half of the remaining State property immediately adjacent to the Landfill is cleared of vegetation. The remaining State property is undisturbed with moderately dense population of trees approximately 30 feet in height. A gravel road approximately 3,000 feet long provides access to the Site from State Route 1604. A Site map is included in Appendix 1 -PCB Waste Disposal Site As-Built. The PCB Landfill is approximately 250 feet wide (measured in an east to west direction) and 500 feet long. Approximately 40,000 cubic yards of soils were deposited into the Landfill from the remediation of roadways throughout the State that were illegally sprayed with PCB oils to avoid proper disposal of the oils under Toxic Substance Control Act (TSCA). Approximately twenty percent of the soils originated from the Fort Bragg Military Reservation near Southern Pines, North Carolina (NC) and are assumed to be of a similar nature to the balance of the contaminated soils. The PCB concentrations in the soil ranged from 259 parts per million (ppm) to a high of 853 ppm, with an average concentration of 500 ppm. Dioxin/furan concentrations ranged from 147 parts per trillion (ppt) [toxicity equivalent concentrations (TEQ)] to 238 ppt, with an average concentration of 200 ppt TEQ. This data has been reported in the Phase I Base Catalyzed Decomposition (BCD) study, and is included as Appendix II -Historical Soil Data. The maximum depth of the PCB Landfill at the center is approximately 36 feet, which includes the lower liner and existing cover. The depth at the perimeter is approximately 20 feet. The existing ground surface of the cleared area begins at the same elevation as the perimeter of the PCB Landfill. In addition to the PCB contaminated soils, a relatively small quantity of cement kiln dust (less than 5-percent of the total volume) occupies the northeast corner of the PCB Landfill. Approximately one-half of the PCB Landfill rises above the existing ground surface. The PCB Landfill was completed in 1983. Appendix I -PCB Waste Disposal Site, Warren County contains the as-built drawings for the landfill. As shown on the drawings, the PCB Landfill was constructed as follows from top to bottom: 1' Top Soil 1' Fill for bridging and Liner Protection 10 Mil PVC Liner 2' Clay Liner 1' Fill for bridging O' -24' PCB Contaminated Soils Filter Fabric ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 2 Final March 2000 -A\\\0_'---!./(\ 'v \\ l~~/~~~~~J/1\~'\-?fl,\ ----;Jr~ d~ I""' N ~~~~#. ~~~~'1/m)1~)1~~»~~ ~ .. ~ : \i(i';'j/~!/1!1~~\\§ ~,,,,}~1\,~~ CJ ~~t ~j~(~~ ~\~ ~~'-~ ~,~ ~~~/'Iii , , , ; ,,• ,=e,•-~ , ; ~,-z ,r;_ '""~ ;~;; ,v,~"' ",; u· u no;rm "~"u~ ,~, ~ •,, '---' / lpCB~ r~_/. ~~--:_ ~ FACILI1 ~\_() \ l '-. I J_\ l -1L./ ...,_-~\j/(( d\ 1nJJ/W, .,:;; ~; eft?f~~ l!S2)))1Jl ~y~v~~\i~\\~~ .~ i ~s:;,/ ~' \ J, ~ ;S~!· . ~ /--S, >; l_ Va~?.~~'-~'-~• !::3 ~)~} '! f05 ( ~ ) / J( ;:; ~-~)J)j ( ( A /) ~ ~'4 ro)/4 C:\DIIG\4040\1: J ~))~(d/11~~~~._-:/~ ~ ~.~JI~~ ~~~.1~\~\~ ------------·-.... _ .. _. ___ _ Gi ETG ENVIRONMENTAL, INC. LOCATION MAP l DRAWIN • I 11 Hagerty Blvd .. W..t Chatlr PA 19382•(110).431-1100 WARREN COUNlY PCB IANDFILL 010 -------..-..-··-··-... ------·----·-·--·-·-·~----------- Health & Safety Plan 9" Sand for Leachate Collection System 5' Clay Liner 30 Mil PVC Liner 1' Fill for bridging and Liner Protection 9" Sand Warren County PCB Landfill The bottom of the landfill is sloped from south to north and west to east at 2% grade. A single sump was installed in the northeast comer of the landfill approximately one foot in depth into the five foot thick clay liner. A single PVC collection pipe was installed from the sump extending through the surface of the landfill. A positive air displacement pump was placed into the sump and leachate from the landfill has been pumped from the sump through a sandfilter and carbon system located at the northern end of the landfill. During evaluation of the potential detoxification technologies, the primary objective was to utilize a process that actually destroyed PCBs and dioxin/furans in a non-incineration manner. The BCD process utilizes chemical destruction to achieve this objective. The BCD process is a chemical reaction that destroys PCBs and dioxins/furans by removing the chlorine atom from the chlorinated compound and replacing it with hydrogen, thus rendering the molecule to a non hazardous compound. The process is conducted in both the solid and liquid phase. The BCD process was invented by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) National Risk Management Research Laboratory (NRMRL) and has been further developed by a few select companies working in collaboration with USEPA and other institutional and industrial providers of hazardous waste treatment services. 1.5 Scope of Work and Treatment Systems The general scope of work at the Site will address the following areas: • BCD Process Equipment Mobilization • Site Preparation • BCD Process System Construction • System Performance Demonstration/Start-up • Excavation and Treatment • Backfill • Decontamination • Demobilization • Site Reclamation • Program Management In overview, the BCD Detoxification System utilizes multiple components to treat contaminated feed materials and the associated vapor and liquid streams that result from the treatment process. Individual components of the solid, vapor, and liquid phase treatment systems are controlled by system operators/technicians. The BCD Detoxification System will include the following: • One continuous solid phase BCD thermal desorption unit (CBCD), • One batch vacuum solid phase BCD/thermal desorption unit (BBCD), • Two air pollution control systems or vapor recovery systems (YRS), one each for the CBCD (CBCD- VRS) and BBCD (BBCD-VRS), and • One process condensate separation and aqueous phase treatment system (PCSAPT), and • One liquid phase BCD detoxification system (LBCD). The Contractor shall provide process flow diagrams, P&IDs, and general arrangement drawings for the screening and BCD blending plant, CBCD, BBCD, LBCD, PCSAPT, and storm water/decontamination water/excavation water management system. ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 4 Final March 2000 Health & Safety Plan Warren County PCB Landfill 1.6 Applicable Standards All activities at the Site shall be performed in accordance with all applicable federal, state, and/or local health and safety standards, regulations, and guidelines. These include, but are not limited to: • Title 29, Code of Federal Regulations Part 19 l 0 (29 CFR l 910) Occupational Safety and Health Standards, General Industry. • Title 29, Code of Federal Regulations Part 1926 (29 CFR 1926), Safety and Health Regulations, Construction Industry. • Title 40 Code of Federal Regulations Parts 260-276 (40 CFR 260-276), Hazardous Waste Management. • Title 40 Code of Federal Regulations Subchapter C, Air Programs. • NIOSH/OSHA/USCG/EPA, "Occupational Safety and Health Guidance Manual for Hazardous Waste Site Activities". NIOSH = National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health OSHA = Occupational Safety and Health Administration USCG = United States Coast Guard • U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Standard Operating Safety Guide, 1988 . • National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)/National Electrical Code Standards North Carolina Administrative Code (NCAC) Citations and Descriptions that differ from Federal OSHA Laws (e.g. 13 NCAC 07F.0I0I , 13 NCAC 07F.0201, etc.). Note: The State of North Carolina is an OSHA Plan State. Contractors must comply with NC-OSHA Standards. 1.7 Site Health and Safety Documentation Record keeping requirements for health and safety are necessary to ensure accurate and complete monitoring of all personnel. The documents that shall be retained and their distribution are presented below and include: Document Final Version, HASP Documentation of Site Specific Training/Physicals/Testing Maintenance/Calibration Logs of Monitoring Equipment Safety Logs Incident/ Accident Reports Site Air Monitoring Records Modifications/Amendments to HASP Results of Internal Audits Site Safety Meetings EmployeeNisitor Register Distribution Site Personnel, HSO, Project File, Project Manager, NCDENR, CAB, Local Emergency Response Personnel, Local Hospital HSO, Project File HSO, Project File HSO, Project File HSO, Project File, Project Manager, NCDENR HSO, Project File, NCDENR Site Personnel, HSO, Project File, Project Manager, NCDENR, CAB, Local Emergency Response Personnel HSO, Project File. Project Manager, NCDENR HSO, Project File HSO, Project File ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 5 Final March 2000 Health & Safety Plan Warren County PCB Landfill 2.0 PROJECT ORGANIZATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF KEY PERSONNEL AND MANAGEMENT All on-site personnel are subject to the requirements of the HASP. Under no circumstances may work be perfonned in a manner that conflicts with the infonnation presented in the Contractor's HASP. To ensure compliance with the provisions of the HASP, the Contractor will provide in this section an outline of the health and safety organizational structure and personnel roles and responsibilities. The Contractor will provide a project organization figure as part of the HASP. 2.1 Key Personnel As a minimum, the Contractor shall provide a site specific organizational structure for personnel considered critical to the planned activities at the site, and provide resumes for those personnel. Below is a recommended list of key personnel to be provided at a minimum: Project Executive - Project Manager - Site Manager - Project Engineer - Site Shift Supervisor(s) - Corporate Health and Safety Officer - Site Health and Safety Officer - 2.2 Organizational Responsibility The Contractor's Project Executive will provide technical, management, and administrative direction to the Project Manager as needed to ensure the project is progressing in accordance with the HASP. The Contractor's Project Manager (PM) will be the primary point of contact for the NCDENR and has overall responsibility for the project. The PM prepares correspondence, submittals, and additional project documentation required for the project, and coordinates, schedules, and administers the Contract. The PM prepares purchase requisitions , prepares and submits requests for payment to the client, and approves vendor/subcontractor invoices. The PM controls all subcontractors and suppliers during site activities. The PM shall review, approve, and become familiar with the HASP and any amendments to the HASP. The Contractor's Corporate Health and Safety Officer (CHSO), who shall be a certified safety professional or a certified industrial hygienist, oversees the Corporate Health and Safety Program and develops standard operating procedures for the site activities. The CHSO is responsible for data collection activities in response to health and safety issues. The CHSO will visit the Site at least once every six months for the duration of activities for the purpose of performing site health and safety inspections. The CHSO shall provide consultation as needed to ensure the HASP is fully implemented and coordinate any necessary modification to the HASP with the HSO, PM, and Site Manger (SM). The HSO shall assist and represent the CHSO in the continued on-site implementation and enforcement of the HASP, due to the work schedule, 7 days per week, 24 hours per day, multiple HSO's will be employed and has the responsibility of ensuring safe work practices are followed during all field activities. A HSO shall be on-site full time for the entire duration of field activities, and shall have no other duties other than health and safety. The HSO shall ensure that all aspects of the HASP are complied with as far as preparation of records, air monitoring, use of PPE, decontamination, and site control. The HSO shall be responsible for perimeter and personal air monitoring and sampling operations on-site including calibration and operation of equipment, compilation and interpretation of data, and reporting and posting of qualified sampling results. The HSO shall serve as a member of the quality control staff on matters related to safety and health, and will consult and coordinate any necessary modification to the HASP with the CHSO, PM, and SM. The HSO shall have the authority to stop work if on-site health and/or safety conditions warrant such action. ETG Environmental, Inc I BF A Environmental Consultants 6 Final March 2000 Health & Safety Plan Warren County PCB Landfill The SM is responsible for overseeing all facility operations. This individual ensures that all aspects of the Site are operational, maintained, and the HASP is implemented and that progress is constant. The SM shall be on-site full time for the entire duration of field activities or as the project dictates. The SM shall assist in the development of site specific Task Assessment/Hazard Analyses (TAHA) for all principle tasks; correct deficiencies noted within safety inspections/audits within defined time frames; and assist with investigations of any incidents/accidents occurring on-site; and implement corrective actions. The SM shall assist the HSO in the preparation, presentation, and documentation of daily safety meetings. 2.3 Supervisor Safety Responsibilities Supervisors shall be responsible not only for their own safety, but also for the safe work performance of the employees under their supervision. Before assigning work to an employee the supervisor shall ensure that the employee knows and understands the hazards associated with the work, and the proper procedure to perform the work safely. Supervisors at all levels shall accept, in a cooperative manner, all reports of hazards, and employees shall not be reprimanded or penalized for reporting hazards. Supervisors are responsible for the complete and accurate reporting of employee injuries/accidents. 2.4 Employee Safety Responsibility Each employee is responsible for their own safety, as well as the safety of those around them. Employees shall be required to know and understand the rules, wh ich apply to the work being performed. If a condition or practice is observed that is either unsafe, defective, or destructive to the employee or Contractor's property, or hazardous to the public or its property, it is the employee's duty to correct the condition, if possible, or report it to his/her supervisor. If an employee is assigned work, which he/she feels, will contribute to the destruction of equipment or is hazardous and without proper protection, the employee shall bring the matter to the attention of their supervisor prior to starting the work. Employees shall use care in the performance of their duties, assuring at all times maximum protection against accidents involving themselves, other employees, the public, and Contractor's property or the property of others. Employees shall use protective devices as required by the HASP, and shall exercise proper care and treatment of such equipment. All personnel will follow the policies set forth in this plan and other applicable health and safety procedure documents. 2.5 Subcontractor Responsibilities Each subcontractor performing work on-site is responsible for compliance with all applicable federal, State, and local statutes, ordinances, codes and regulations regarding health and safety. Each subcontractor shall prepare and conform to a health and safety plan that provides planning at least as stringent as this plan. Each subcontractor must identify a lead individual responsible for the health and safety compliance of his or her employees, lower tier subcontractors, and consultants. This person shall be responsible for reporting to the HSO, and for demonstrating compliance with health and safety procedures. The Contractor shall perform monitoring of subcontractor personnel and shall be responsible for ensuring compliance to the HASP. Each subcontractor employee proposed for on-site activities within the exclusion zone must participate in a medical monitoring program, must be certified for hazardous waste fieldwork by a licensed physician, and must have successfully completed the required health and safety training, as per 29CFR1910.120/1926.65. In addition, each individual will participate in the drug testing program. The drug testing program includes testing for pre-employment, random testing and testing for cause. Failure to pass the drug test will preclude the individual form working on the site and maybe subject to immediate termination from employment. Subcontractor employees working on-site exclusively in the support zone (e.g. site preparation and site restoration activities) will require the necessary training per 29 CFR 19190.120/1926.65 and participate in the drug testing program. ETG Environmental, Inc I BF A Environmental Consultants 7 Final March 2000 Health & Safety Plan Warren County PCB Landfill 3.0 SCOPE OF WORK AND RISK ASSESSMENT 3.1 Scope of Work The following is a summary description of work to be preformed by the Contractor during remedial operations at the Warren County PCB Landfill Detoxification Site in Warren County, North Carolina. The description is not meant to be all inclusive, but is provided as a reference for the types of activities that may be performed during each phase of the project. 3.1.1 Preconstruction Activities Preconstruction activities include the development and submittal of the following plans and drawings: • Site Operation Plan • Air Monitoring Plan • Final Verification/Confirmation Sampling Plan • Construction Quality Assurance Project Plan • Project Specific Health and Safety Plan • Performance Demonstration Plan • Quality Assurance Plan • Construction Drawings • Emergency Response Plan Preconstruction activities include the procurement of supplies, materials, and equipment, and personnel following the procedures set forth in the Community Outreach Involvement Plan. In addition, it will be the responsibility of the Contractor to secure all necessary permits. 3.1.2 Site Preparation The bid specifications and design drawings provide a proposed site preparation plan. The Contractor shall provide a site layout drawing showing as a minimum, the location of: • Haul roads and access roads, • Utilities above and below ground (electric, water, fuels , compressed air, sanitary, nitrogen, phone, lighting, etc.), • Soil storage areas, • Process equipment, and • Zones of demarcation (EZ, CRZ, SZ). ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 8 Final March 2000 Health & Safety Plan Warren County PCB Landfill The site preparation phase will include, but not be limited to the following: • Clearing and grubbing, • Design, engineer, and install required utilities, • Design, engineer, and construct support zone (office trailers, lunchroom, etc.), process equipment facility pads, untreated and treated soil storage areas, and buildings/pole barns. • Design, engineer, and construct access and haul roads for treated and untreated soils, deliveries. traffic and parking facilities, • Design, engineer and construct stormwater drainage swales and retention basin, • Install perimeter fencing, and security gates, • Install weather station, and • Baseline air sampling. 3.1.3 Mobilization and Process Setup Following the construction of site preparation activities, mobilization of the process equipment will commence. Activities associated with the mobilization and process setup include, but are not limited to the following: • Loading and unloading materials (equipment, reagents, fuels, materials, supplies), • Lifting, rigging and placement of process equipment, • Assembly and installation (including welding, fabrication, etc.) of interconnecting piping, ductwork, stacks, structural steel, and supports, • Installation and testing of electrical system components including; circuit breakers, motor control centers, transformers, cable and wiring, cable supports, etc., • Pretesting process equipment and motors, and leak testing piping, tanks and vessels, • Health and safety training, and • Process hazard analysis. 3.1.4 Performance Demonstration and Full Scale Operation Activities associated with the Performance Demonstration (PD) and Full Scale Operation include, but are not limited to the following: • Excavation, loading, transportation, staging, and backfilling of soils, • Screening and blending untreated soils with BCD reagents, • Sample collection and testing (field screening and/or laboratory analyses) for soils (untreated and treated), personal air quality (work zones and perimeter), processed oil, and water quality (process condensate and stormwater/decontamination water), ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 9 Final March 2000 Health & Safety Plan Warren County PCB Landfill • Stack testing (Performance Demonstration only), • Decontamination of personnel and equipment, • Operation and maintenance of pumps, motors, conveyors, screens, pugmills, BBCD, CBCD scrubbers, wet electrostatic precipitator, flame-less thermal oxidizers, reactors, and other process equipment with moving parts, hot surfaces, low oxygen levels to ensure non-explosive atmosphere, and/or under pressure or vacuum, • Calibration and maintenance of instrumentation and continuous process monitoring systems, and • Maintenance of electrical components and systems. 3.1.5 Decontamination and Site Restoration Process equipment and impervious surface areas that have come in contact with potentially contaminated materials will require decontamination prior to removal off site. Porous materials that have come in contact with potentially contaminated materials will require disposal at an approved disposal site. Activities associated with decontamination and site restoration include, but are not limited to the following: • Decontaminating process equipment, construction equipment, buildings, trailers and process pads with high pressure and/or hot water power washers, • Rigging, lifting and use of aerial lifts to dismantle piping and process equipment, • De-energize and disconnect electrical services including; conduit, circuit breakers, transformers, and control wiring, • Containing, storing, labeling, manifesting, transporting and disposing of various waste streams, • Drilling activities through the landfill, • Earth work activities to include; backfilling, re-capping the landfill, removal of process pads and lined pond, and general site grading, and • Installation and/or re-securing site fencing. 3.1.6 Demobilization Activities associated with the demobilization from the Site include, but are not limited to the following: • Lifting, rigging and placement of process equipment, materials and supplies on to flatbeds and trailers, • Proper packaging, anchoring and securing of loads, and • Proper labeling and manifesting of materials. ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 10 Final March 2000 Health & Safety Plan Warren County PCB Landfill 3.2 Task Assessment/Hazard Analysis The site activities that shall be conducted may involve exposure resulting from direct contact with contaminated soil/sediment and surface water during remedial operations. Airborne particulate and vapors emanating from excavations and the BCD Detoxification System may present potential exposures through ingestion and/or inhalation. Due to the implementation of engineering controls and PPE, the hazards due to the presence of anticipated chemicals are expected to be minimal. The hazards associated with this treatment process can be classified into three categories: chemical, physical, and environmental/biological. The Contractor must define the potential hazards associated with each of the defined activities, and the control measures to be implemented to minimize or eliminate these hazards. Table 3-2 is an example of a list of work activities and associated potential hazards. The Contractor shall provide in their HASP a Task Assessment/Hazard Analysis (TAHA) for each task activity to be performed at the site. The TAHA shall include, but not be limited to the following: • • • • • • • • • • The scope of work for the task, Potential physical, chemical and environmental hazards, The personnel and training required to perform the task, The required PPE to perform the task, The equipment required to perform the task, A review of any data used to determine the safe implementation of the task (e.g. lifting calculations, etc.) Specify the required air and personal monitoring to be performed, Identify and specify lockout/tagout (LO/TO) procedures and confined space entry procedures, if applicable, Identify and specify any permits to be secured, ifrequired, prior to proceeding, and Specify contingency plan(s) and emergency procedures to be followed as a precaution . In addition, the Contractor will provide a critical hazard operation evaluation for each equipment component. The critical hazard operation evaluation will determine the scenario for each component should it fail, and the contingency plan to be implemented should a failure occur. Appendices VI and VII have been provided for these plans to be included with the Contractors HASP. ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 11 Final March 2000 Health & Safety Plan Warren County PCB Landfill Table 3-2 List Of Task Assessment/Hazard Analysis Sampling (pre-work/site Characterization) Mobilization/Set-Up Dewatering Landfill, If Necessary Treatment of Water Excavation of Soils Soil Screening and BCD Reagent Blending BCD Detoxification System Transportation of Excavated and Treated Materials Site Closeout Heavy Construction Equipment Noise Environment Slips, Trips, and Cuts Poisonous Plants and Insects Eye and Face Hazards Chemical Exposure Hazards Heavy Construction Equipment Noise Environment Slips, Trips, and Cuts Poisonous Plants and Insects Eye and Face Hazards Chemical Exposure Hazards Water Hazards Heavy Co nstruction Equipment Noise Environment Slips. Trips, and Cuts Poisonous Plants and Insects Eye and Face Hazards Chemical Exposure Hazards Heavy Construction Equipment Noise Environment Slips, Trips, and Cuts Poisonous Plants and Insects Eye and Face Hazards Chemical Exposure Hazards Heavy Construction Equipment Noise Environment Slips, Trips, and Cuts Poisonous Plants and Insects Eye and Face Hazards Chemical Exposure Hazards Open Excavation Heavy Construction Equipment Noise Environment Slips, Trips, and Cuts Eye and Face Hazards Chemical Exposure Hazards Heavy Construction Equipment Noise Environment Slips, Trips, and Cuts Eye and Face Hazards Chemical Exposure Hazards High Temperature PressureN acuum Apparatus Oxygen Deficient Atmosphere; (Confined Space Entry) Electrical Heavy Construction Equipment Eye and Face Hazards Chemical Exposure Hazards Truck Traffic Heavy Construction Equipment Noise Environment Slips, Trips, and Cuts ETG Environmental, Inc / BFA Environmental Consultants 12 a ety Training, Personal Awareness and Safety Devices Provide Hearing Protection Safety Training, Protective Barriers and Personal Awareness Safety Training, Insect Repellent and Personal Awareness Provide Proper Eye and Face Protection Safety Training, PPE, Air Monitoring & Decontamination Safety Training, Personal Awareness and Safety Devices Safety Training, Personal Awareness and Safety Devices Provide Hearing Protection Safety Training, Protective Barriers and Personal Awareness Safety Training, Insect Repellent and Personal Awareness Provide Proper Eye and Face Protection Safety Training, PPE, Air Monitoring & Decontamination Safety Training, Personal Awareness and Safety Devices Safety Training, Personal Awareness and Safety Devices Provide Hearing Protection Safety Training, Protective Barriers and Personal Awareness Safety Training, Insect Repellent and Personal Awareness Provide Proper Eye and Face Protection Safety Training, PPE, Air Monitoring & Decontamination Safety Training, Personal Awareness and Safety Devices Provide Hearing Protection Safety Training, Protective Barriers and Personal Awareness Safety Training, Insect Repellent and Personal Awareness Provide Proper Eye and Face Protection Safety Training, PPE, Air Monitoring & Decontamination Safety Training and Personal Awareness Safety Training, Personal Awareness and Safety Devices Provide Hearing Protection Safety Training, Protective Barriers and Personal Awareness Provide Proper Eye and Face Protection Safety Training, PPE, Air Monitoring & Decontamination Safety Training and Personal Awareness Safety Training, Personal Awareness and Safety Devices Provide Hearing Protection Safety Training, Protective Barriers and Personal Awareness Provide Proper Eye and Face Protection Safety Training, PPE, Air Monitoring & Decontamination Safety Training, Personal Awareness and Safety Devices Provide Hearing Protection Safety Training, Protective Barriers and Personal Awareness Safety Training, Insect Repellent and Personal Awareness Provide Proper Eye and Face Protection Safety Training, PPE, Air Monitoring & Decontamination Safety Training and Personal Awareness Safety Training and Confined Space Entry Safety Training, Personal Awareness and Safety Devices Provide Proper Eye and Face Protection Safety Training, PPE, Air Monitoring & Decontamination Safety Training Flagmen, Directional Traffic Controls, Rules of the Road Safety Training, Personal Awareness and Safety Devices Provide Hearing Protection Safety Training, Protective Barriers and Personal Awareness Final March 2000 Health & Safety Plan Warren County PCB Landfill 3.3 Chemical Toxicity Hazard Assessment A listing of all chemicals detected during prior testing are listed in Table 3-3-1 . A dust exposure calculation was performed to determine the PCB exposure limit in terms of allowable dust based upon the highest concentration of PCBs detected in the soils. The calculation is provided in Appendix VIII. The primary chemical toxicity hazards for this operation are PCBs and dioxin/furans. During thermal treatment operations, the potential exposure to identified contaminants is reduced due to the engineering controls/equipment utilized in the treatment process. Based on the waste streams to be processed, the greatest risk of exposure to hazardous materials is through inhalation of vapors and dust associated with processing wastes and ingestion of PCBs and dioxin/furans during actual material handling activities. The following chemical hazard assessment and risk analysis is based on a review of selected documentation contained in Appendix III. For each contaminant identified, the following specific information is given: • Physical Properties, • Route of Entry, • Exposure Target Organs, and • Permissible Exposure Limits (PEL) in Air 3.4 Potential Routes of Exposure The primary routes of exposure associated with the operation of the BCD Detoxification System are through ingestion, contact and inhalation. Site activities that will be conducted may involve potential exposure resulting from direct contact with solid waste streams, condensate, stormwater, and vapor and airborne particulate(s) emanating from the BCD Detoxification process. To reduce potential exposure to known hazards, air monitoring using direct reading instruments will be performed for dust/particulate, oxygen, combustible gases, and organic compounds during work activities. Personal air monitoring on employees with potential high risk exposure will be performed using personal air pumps during the performance demonstration and initial operations. Data from such sampling will be used to define levels of protection and additional personnel monitoring. The personal sampling requirements are included in Section 6.3 . In addition to respiratory protection, engineering controls (such as water spray application, covering piles, etc.) are extremely important for operations that have a potential for generating air contaminants in excess of permissible exposure limits. These will be used on this site to reduce exposure to known hazards. Direct contact of the skin and eyes is another important route of exposure to be considered on this project. In order to protect workers against potential contact with hazardous materials, they shall be required to wear personal protective clothing and eye protection during waste treatment activities. Proper personal decontamination procedures shall be emphasized during all activities. Employees shall be made aware of how exposure through ingestion can occur and methods to avoid such exposure. Deliberate ingestion of chemicals is unlikely and personal hygiene habits such as eating, drinking and smoking which provide a route of entry for contaminants will be restricted to specific areas. Proper decontamination procedures will help to reduce or eliminate the potential for ingesting hazardous materials. Facilities will be provided and site personnel will be required to wash their hands, face and other exposed parts of their skin before eating, drinking or smoking, which will be permitted only in designated areas. ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 13 Final March 2000 Health & Safety Plan Warren County PCB Landfill Table 3-3-/ Hazard Outline of Identified Chemical Contaminants of Concern 1111111r m••~~-~r •"iila(-"'"~ ~ ~ ""L ""'"'~f(t§ 8 ~• f • ~• ' "" '9S")lj/ < a1~.,1,t 1-~ ~ · · .¥ •• \.: 191 I ~@,:..·~~Vt- I. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. Polychlorinated Colorless to pale yellow, Inhalation, Absorption, Biphenyls sweet odor Ingestion, Contact (PCB) Aroclor 1242, (Chlorodiphenyl 42% chlorine) . Polychlorinated Colorless to pale yellow, Inhalation, Absorption, Biphenyls sweet odor Ingestion, Contact (PCB) Aroclor 1254, (Chlorodiphenyl 54% chlorine) Polychlorinated Colorless to pale yellow, Inhalation, absorption, Biphenyls (PCB ) sweet odor ingestion, contact Aroclor I 260 (Chlorodiphenyl 60% chlorine) Dioxin, TCDD, Colorless to white, Inhalation, Absorption, TCDD, Crystalline sol id Ingestion, Contact 2,3,7,8-TCDD Acetone Colorless liquid with a Inhalation, ingestion, skin fragrant, mint-like odor and/or eye contact Benzene Colorless to light-yellow Inhalation, skin absorption, liquid with an aromatic ingestion, skin and/or eye odor contact 2-Butanone (MEK) Colorless liquid with a Inhalation, ingestion, skin moderately sharp, and/or eye contact fragrant, mint-or acetone like odor Chloroform Colorless liquid with a Inhalation, skin absorption, pleasant odor ingestion, skin and/or eye contact Methyl Chloride Colorless gas with a faint, Inhalation, skin and/or eye sweet odor which is not contact (liqui9) noticeable at dangerous concentrations Carbon Tetrachloride Colorless liquid with a Inhalation, skin absorption, characteristic ether I ike ingestion, skin and/or eye odor contact Methylene Chloride Colorless liquid with a Inhalation, skin absorption, chloroform-like odor ingestion, skin and/or eye contact Chlorobenzene Colorless liquid with an Inhalation, ingestion, skin almond-like odor and/or eye contact Fluorodichloro-Colorless to water white, Inhalation, ingestion, skin methane nearly odorless liquid or and/or eye contact gas Carbon Disulfide Colorless to faint yellow Inhalation, skin absorption, I iquid with a sweet ether• ingestion, skin and/or eye like odor. contact ETG Environmental, Inc I BF A Environmental Consultants 14 Skin, eyes, liver, reproductive I mg/m3, [skin] system, Chloroacne Skin, eyes, liver, reproductive 0.5 mg/m3, [skin] system, Chloroacne Skin, eyes, liver, reproductive NIOSH recommended system, Chloroacne TWA 0.001 mg/m3 Eyes, skin Respiratory I Nanogram/m' system, 1 iver, kidneys Eyes, skin, respiratory l000 ppm, IDLH 2500 ppm system, CNS Eyes, skin, respiratory TWA I ppm, STEL 5 ppm, IDLH system, blood, central 500 ppm nervous system, bone marrow Eyes, skin, respiratory TWA 200 ppm, IDLH 2000 ppm system, CNS Liver, kidneys, heart, eyes, Ceiling 50 ppm, IDLH 500 ppm, skin, central nervous system ACGIH TWA 10 ppm Central nervous system, eyes, TWA I 00 ppm, C 200 ppm 300 ppm lungs, liver, kidneys, skin, 5 min. peak in any 3 hours Reproduction System Central nervous system, eyes, TWA 10 ppm, C25 ppm, 200 ppm, lungs, liver, kidneys, skin (5 min. max peak in any 4 hours) Eyes, skin, cardiovascular TWA 25 ppm, STEL 125 ppm, system, central nervous IDLH 2300 ppm system Eyes, skin, respiratory TWA 75 ppm, IDLH 1000 ppm system, central nervous system, Liver Skin, respiratory system, TWA I 000 ppm, IDLH 2000 ppm cardiovascular system Central nervous system, TWA 20 ppm, C30 ppm, I 00 ppm peripheral nervous system, (30-minute maximum peak) cardiovascular system, eyes, kidneys, liver, skin, reproductive system Final March 2000 Health & Safety Plan Warren County PCB Landfill 3.5 Physical Hazards A variety of physical hazards may be encountered during work activities throughout the project. The hazards include, however, are not limited to heat/cold stress, noise, poor lifting techniques, potential obstacles, heavy equipment operations, weather conditions, motor vehicles and material handling equipment, utilities, fire/explosion, hot surfaces, electrical hazards, confined space entry, and slip, trip, and fall hazards. To minimize physical hazards, TAHA' s shall be developed by the Contractor and incorporated into the HASP for each principal activity and shall identify all major hazards to which employees may be exposed. Site specific hazards and necessary precautions shall be discussed at daily safety meetings. 3.5.1 Illumination While operations are in progress, offices, facilities, access ways, work areas, storage areas, etc., shall be lighted by at least the minimum light intensities specified in Table 3.5.1 listed below. Lighting, ensuring the condition and stability of the Site, shall be provided at all times during operations. Table 3.5.1 Minimum Lighting Requirements Facility/Function Illuminance -Ix (Im/ft') Access ways -general indoor 55 (5) -general outdoor 33 (3) -exit ways, walkways, ladders, stairs 110 (10) Administrative Areas (offices) 540 (50) Construction Areas -general indoor 55 (5) -general outdoor 33 (3) Conveyor Routes 110 (10) Docks/Loading Platforms 33 (3) Elevators 215 (20) First Aid Stations 325 (30) Maintenance/Operating Areas -outdoor maintenance areas 55 (5) -refueling areas, outdoors 55 (5) -welding areas 325 (30) Mechanical/Electrical Equipment Rooms 110 (10) Parking Areas 33 (3) Toilets, Wash Rooms, Dressing Areas 110 (10) Warehouses/Storage Rooms -indoor stockroom, active bulk storage areas 110 (10) -indoor stockroom, inactive 55 (5) -outdoor storage 33 (3) Work Areas -general (not listed above) 325 (30) 3.5.2 Noise Personnel operating or working around construction equipment or power tools, will utilize hearing protection when the average noise exposure is at or above 90 dB-A. All personnel exposed to noise at or above 85 dB-A steady state expressed as a time weighted average (TWA), or 140 dB-A impulse, shall participate in a hearing conservation program, per 29 CFR I 910.95. Employees shall have a baseline and annual audio-metric examination and will be provided training in the ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 15 Final March 2000 Health & Safety Plan Warren County PCB Landfill proper use and limitations of the selected hearing protection. Noise hazard areas shall be marked with caution signs indicating both the presence of hazardous noise levels and the requirement for hearing protection. Hearing Protection Devices (HPDs) will be provided to all employees for required as well as optional use during all activities. HPDs shall provide the required Noise Reduction Rating (NRR) for the measured noise levels. 3.5.3 Manual Lifting, Handling, Storage Whenever possible, the use of material handling equipment and/or engineering controls will be utilized to limit the quantity of manual lifting required. Objects will be lifted by mechanical means whenever possible. When manual movement is required, handling aids shall be used when possible (i.e. dolly or cart). Finally, when required, movement shall be perfonned using proper lifting techniques. Employees shall use the following procedure for lifting, when possible. Take a finn grip, secure good footing, place the feet a comfortable distance apart. Keep the back straight, and lift with the leg muscles. Move feet, do not twist body. Employees shall obtain assistance when physically lifting objects that cannot be safely handled by one person. There shall be a prearranged signal when two or more persons handle an object that is to be lifted, lowered, moved, or dropped. When two or more persons are carrying an object, each employee, if possible, should face the direction in which the object is being carried. It shall be detennined in advance that there are no unknown obstructions in the way. Loads shall be carried in such a manner that vision is not obstructed. All materials stored in tiers shall be stacked, racked, blocked, interlocked, or otherwise secured to prevent sliding, falling or collapsing. Aisles and passageways shall be kept clear to provide for the free and safe movement of material handling equipment or employees. Structural steel, poles, pipe, bar stock, and other cylindrical materials, unless racked. shall be stacked and blocked. Non-compatible materials shall be segregated in storage. Materials will not be moved over or suspended above personnel. 3.5.4 Heavy Equipment Operations All machinery and equipment shall be inspected daily (when in use) to ensure safe operating conditions: a competent person will be des ignated to conduct the inspections and tests and complete a log sheet on each piece of equipment. Tests shall be made at the beginning of each shift to detennine that the brakes and operating systems are in proper working condition and that all required safety devices are in place and functional. Whenever any machinery or equipment is found to be unsafe, or whenever a deficiency which affects the safe operation of equipment is observed, the equipment shall be immediately taken out of service and its use prohibited until unsafe conditions have been corrected. A tag indicating the equipment shall not be operated, and that the tag shall not be removed, shall be placed in a conspicuous location on the equipment. The tag shall remain in place in its attached location until it is demonstrated to the individual restricting the use of the equipment that it is safe to operate. When corrections are complete, the machinery or equipment shall be re-tested and re-inspected before being returned to service. If used, forklifts shall be inspected according to manufactures recommendations. Machinery and mechanized equipment shall be operated only by designated qualified personnel. Machinery or equipment shall not be operated in a manner that will endanger persons or property, nor shall the safe operating speeds or loads be exceeded. To approach an operating piece of equipment, workers must first signal the operator, indicating their desire to approach the unit. The operator will then cease movement of the unit, only then may the worker approach the machine. In order to minimize this activity and thus reduce the risk of accidents and injuries, two-way radios and hand signals will be utilized to communicate with equipment operators. ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 16 Final March 2000 Health & Safety Plan Warren County PCB Landfill Only the recommended number of occupants will be allowed in the cabs of heavy equipment. Personnel are not permitted to ride in the buckets of the equipment. Getting on or off any equipment while it is in motion is prohibited. The use of headphones for entertainment purposes while operating equipment is prohibited. Seats or equal protection must be provided for each person required riding on equipment. Backup alarms will be used on all heavy equipment. Bi-directional equipment such as excavators must have alarms while moving in any direction, or the operator must sound a horn to alert personnel of movement. Reverse signal alarms shall be audible and sufficiently distinct to be heard under prevailing conditions. Alarms shall operate automatically upon commencement of backward motion. Alarms may be continuous or intermittent and shall operate during the entire backward movement. All equipment must be equipped with seat belts which operators shall wear when operating equipment. Maintenance, including preventive maintenance and repairs shall be in accordance with manufacturer's recommendations and shall be documented. All machinery must be shut down and positive means taken to prevent its operation while repairs or manual lubrications are being done with the exception of equipment designed to be serviced while running. All repairs on machinery or equipment shall be made at a location, which will protect repair personnel from traffic. Heavy machinery, equipment, or parts thereof which are suspended or held apart by slings, hoists, or jacks also shall be substantially blocked or cribbed before personnel are permitted to work underneath or between them. Mechanized equipment must be shut down prior to and during refueling. Persons shall not be permitted to get between a towing vehicle and the towed piece of equipment until both have been completely stopped with all brakes set and wheels checked. Whenever equipment is parked, the parking brake shall be set. No modifications or additions, which will affect the capacity or safe operation of machinery or equipment, shall be made without written approval; in no case shall the original safety factor of the equipment be reduced. Personnel shall not work or pass under or ride in the buckets or booms of loaders in operation. All points requiring lubrication during operation shall have fittin gs so located or guarded to be accessible without hazardous exposure. All belts, gears, shafts, pulleys, sprockets, spindles, drums, flywheels, chains, or other reciprocating, rotating, or moving parts of equipment shall be guarded when exposed to contact by persons or when they otherwise create a hazard. All hot surfaces of equipment, including exhaust pipes or other lines, shall be guarded or insulated to prevent injury and fire. 3.5.5 Motor Vehicles Only those employees specifically authorized shall operate the Contractor's owned motor vehicle or personal vehicles on business. Drivers shall not permit unauthorized persons to drive, operate, or ride in or on a Contractor's vehicle. Where seat belts are provided they shall be utilized. Employees shall not permit anyone to ride on the running boards, fenders, or any part of the vehicle that was not specifically designed as a seat. Passengers shall not stand in moving vehicles. Drivers shall know and obey all state, local, and site imposed laws and regulations applicable to the operation of their vehicle. All personnel operating vehicles shall have a valid driver's license and demonstrate knowledge of operating procedures. Parking brakes must be set when vehicles are parked. The driver shall determine that the brakes are in a safe operating condition before operating equipment. ff brakes are not working properly, they must be corrected before the vehicle is used. The drivers shall inspect windshield wipers frequently and see that they are in good operating condition and that windows provide sufficient visibility for safe operation of the vehicle. The operator shall inspect all lights and reflectors on the vehicle, and if found defective they shall be repaired before continued vehicle operation. The driver shall report any defects, which may have developed during the day. If brakes are not working properly, they shall be adjusted or repaired before the ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 17 Final March 2000 Health & Safety Plan Warren County PCB Landfill vehicle is returned to operation. Other items, which affect safety, shall be repaired before continued vehicle operation. Whenever possible, the vehicle shall be positioned to avoid the necessity of backing later. Extreme caution shall be exercised when backing a vehicle to avoid injury to persons and to prevent property damage. When backing a vehicle, the operator shall do the following: (1) Walk around vehicle before backing ifrear vision is obstructed. (2) Keep a constant lookout the entire time he/she is backing. (3) Carefully check any blind areas. (4) Back slowly. (5) Sound horn, if not equipped with a back-up alarm. When it is necessary to perform work underneath a vehicle elevated off the ground with a jack or hoist, adequate chocks, blocks, and stands shall be used. Vehicles must be checked, blocked, and/or parking brake set at all times when repairs or adjustments are being made while the engine is running. Repairs shall not be performed on any vehicle while the vehicle is in operation, except when directed by the employee making those repairs. An employee must be in attendance at the vehicle while fueling. Compressed air must not be used to force liquids from a container not tested and approved as a pressure vessel. 3.5.6 Aerial Lifts Only authorized employees who are properly trained and qualified shall use or operate aerial lifts. The designated competent person in the proper use, limitations, and safety procedures required for the specific equipment used during operations shall train personnel. The operational and maintenance instruction manuals issued by the manufacturer shall be followed. Load limits of the boom and basket shall not be exceeded. Shock loading (sudden stops or starts) of the equipment shall be avoided. Before use, the equipment shall be given a warm-up period. The hydraulic system and lift controls shall be checked and tested daily before use to determine such features are in safe working condition. Equipment, which is not in proper operational condition, shall not be used until the noted deficiencies are corrected. Lower level controls shall not be operated unless permission has been obtained from the employee in the lift, except in the case of an emergency. Employees shall not ride in the basket while the lift is traveling, unless the specific lift is designed for that purpose. Employees shall not belt to an adjacent pole or structure. When working from an aerial lift, a full body harness shall be worn and a shock-absorbing lanyard attached to the identified anchor point within the basket. Fall protection requirements are defined in 29 CFR 1926, Subpart M. Safety rules governing the use of rubber goods, personal protective equipment, and general safe practices shall also apply to work performed from aerial baskets. All tools shall be secured or contained in the lift basket to prevent them from falling. Ground crews shall maintain visual contact with the lift operator and will not work directly under the lift basket at any time. When possible, the ground area around the elevated work activities will be barricaded to prevent individuals from walking under the lift basket. The operator shall always face the direction in which the basket is moving and shall see that the path of the boom or basket is clear when it is being moved. Employees shall not stand or sit on top of the basket or on ladders placed in the basket. Employee's feet shall be on the floor of the basket the entire time in it. When two workers are in the basket, one of them shall be designated to operate the controls. One employee shall give all signals, which shall be thoroughly understood by all persons concerned. Employees shall maintain safe work clearances from electrical lines and apparatus, minimally (I 0) feet. Employees must allow for platform sway, rock or sag and electrical line swaying. ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 18 Final March 2000 Health & Safety Plan Warren County PCB Landfill 3.5. 7 Fire/Explosion Due to the nature of the work and operations performed, a number of flammable and/or combustible materials are required. These materials include, however, are not limited to, gasoline, fuel oils, propane, and acetylene. Additional materials and hazards capable of increasing the potential for fire/explosion include, however are not limited to, hot surfaces, oxygen cylinders, welders, cutting torches, etc. To prevent the potential for fire/explosion, daily inspections of work areas will be performed and documented to identify and remove potential sources for fire/explosion. Unsuitable materials will be removed from the area, or otherwise mitigated prior to beginning work activities. All equipment and cylinders associated with torch cutting activities shall be used and maintained in accordance with the requirements defined in 29 CFR 1926, Subpart J. Equipment shall be inspected daily or prior to and after use, to ensure the equipment remains in good condition. All faulty equipment shall be removed from service and tagged out. Flammable liquids utilized for site activities shall be stored only in approved containers. Containers will remain closed when not in use. Flammable liquids shall not be dispensed near potential ignition sources and shall not be stored in the work area or other areas, which may affect the safety of the site and facility personnel. Air monitoring shall be performed prior to any hot work (i.e. torch cutting, welding) activity. Hot work Permits will be required for any welding, cutting, or brazing conducted in work areas. The following information will be required for the permit to be issued: air monitoring for combustible gases and the use of fire prevention measures, e.g. fire extinguishers, or availability of running water, and posting of a fire watch. Any individual assigned to be a fire watch cannot perform any other duties, which may interfere with this responsibility. Fire suppression and first aid equipment will be placed in fixed locations and identified on a process layout drawing; the drawing will be posted within the office, support, and decontamination areas. Fire extinguishers will be fully charged and in operable condition, and shall be suitably placed, distinctly marked, and readily accessible. Extinguishers shall be marked with their letter (class of fire) and numeric (relative extinguishing effectiveness) classification. ABC-type dry chemical portable fire extinguishers (5 pounds or greater) will be provided on all motorized field equipment, at fixed work locations, and in the immediate location of flammable materials. All fire fighting equipment shall be inspected periodically and maintained in operating condition. All defective equipment shall be tagged, removed from service, and replaced with an operable unit. A competent person shall be designated to conduct inspections and maintain documentation. Extinguishers shall be inspected monthly at a minimum. The date of the inspection and the inspector's initials shall be recorded on a tag affixed to each unit. Employees shall be trained (upon initial employment and at least annually thereafter) in the general principals of fire extinguisher use and the hazards involved with incipient stage fire fighting, as well as, the use of the appropriate fire fighting equipment to those designated in an emergency action plan to use fire fighting equipment. An alarm system shall be established to alert employees and emergency response personnel ofan emergency, as per 1910.38. Proper response procedures for emergencies shall be conveyed to all employees prior to commencing work and/or operations. All personnel shall be aware of the location of fire extinguishing equipment. If possible, personnel may attempt to extinguish a fire with the equipment available, however, must evacuate the area immediately if the situation progresses beyond their control. No fire shall be fought where the fire is in imminent danger of contact with explosives: all persons shall be removed to a safe area and the fire guarded against intruders. The Site Manager shall be notified immediately and implement necessary area control measures. ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 19 Final March 2000 Health & Safety Plan Warren County PCB Landfill 3.5.8 Electrical Hazards Only qualified employees or employees under continuous superv1s1on and instruction of qualified employee familiar with applicable codes, shall work on energized lines or equipment. All electrical work shall comply with applicable National Electric Safety Code (NESC), NEC regulations, OSHA electrical safety work practice standard and local electrical codes. When working on energized equipment at a voltage of240 volts or higher, there shall be a minimum of (2) qualified employees. Conductors designed to operate at ground potential shall always be handled with the same caution as exercised with energized conductors. All electrical equipment shall be treated as energized until tested or otherwise determined to be de-energized. All conductors shall be treated as energized until grounded. Grounds may be temporarily removed only when necessary for test purposes. Live parts of wiring and equipment shall be guarded to protect all persons or objects from harm. No employee shall work in such proximity to any part of an electrical power circuit that may be contacted in the course of work unless the employee is protected against electrical shock. Effective protection is considered to be the following: I. De-energize the circuit and use the Lockout/Tagout (LO/TO) Procedure as per I 910.147. All personnel working on an energized system must apply their own lock and tag to the system. The designated supervisor will verify and inspect the lockout procedures and apply their own lock to the system. All lockout/tagout procedures shall be rechecked at the start of each workday, shift change, and break where employees leave the area. 2. If the circuit is required to be worked on while energized, the personnel or equipment must be guarded by effective insulation or other means. All exposed electrical circuitry must be covered/protected when the person working on the system is not in the immediate area. Suitable barriers or other means shall be provided to ensure that the workspace for electrical equipment will not be used as a passageway during periods when energized parts of electrical equipment are exposed. Only qualified personnel shall perform tests. Suitable barriers or other means shall be provided to ensure that work space for electrical equipment cannot be used as a passageway when energized parts of electrical equipment are exposed. Care shall be taken when working in panels, that circuits are not inadvertently shorted or open circuited which would interfere with operation of other plant equipment. Such action may endanger personnel and plant operations. All electrical cords used during operations shall be inspected prior to use for defects such as fraying, damaged prongs, insulation, etc. All damaged cords shall be removed from service and tagged. Ground fault circuit interrupters (GFCI) shall be used with all temporary lighting or electrical equipment used on the job. The GFCI shall be placed at the power source and tested and inspected prior to use. Cords shall not be used if they are not of continuous length without splices or taps without approval from a qualified individual. Electrical plugs, receptacles, wires and cords passing, shall be protected from damage and kept out of water (unless of an approved submersible type). Switch boxes, receptacle boxes, metal cabinets, enclosures around equipment, and temporary power lines shall be marked to indicate the maximum operating voltage. All circuits shall be protected against overload; protection shall be based on the current carrying capacity of the conductors supplied and the power load being used. When fuses are installed or removed with one or both terminals energized, special tools insulated for the voltage shall be used. Overcurrent protection devices must be readily accessible, clearly labeled, not exposed to physical damage, not placed in the vicinity of easily ignitable materials, and located or shielded such that their operation will not expose employees to injury due to arching or the sudden movement of parts. Circuit breakers shall clearly indicate whether the position is open or closed ( energized). ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 20 Final March 2000 Health & Safety Plan Warren County PCB Landfill Disconnecting means shall be located or shielded so that persons will not be injured when the disconnect is . operated. Disconnecting boxes shall be securely fastened to the surface and fitted with covers. A readily accessible, manually operated switch shall be provided for each incoming service or supply circuit. Switches, fuses, and automatic circuit breakers shall be marked, labeled, or arranged for ready identification of the circuits or equipment, which they supply. Switched, circuit breakers, fuse panels, disconnects, and motor controllers located out of doors or in wet environments shall be in a weatherproof enclosure or cabinet. All electrical circuits shall be grounded in accordance with the National Electric Code (NEC) and the NESC. Personnel involved with this operation shall be required to follow the prime Contractor's Lockout/tagout procedures and the requirements of29 CFR 1910.147. The prime Contractor will need to include their lockout/tagout procedures and electrical safety work practice procedures in their Health and Safety Plan. These procedures must meet the requirements of29CFR 1910.147 and 29CFR 1910.331 through .335. 3.5.9 Slips, Trips, and Falls Slip, trip, or fall hazards will be present during all phases of this operation. Work areas shall be maintained safely and orderly, free and clear of cords, tools, debris, etc. Caution shall be exercised when walking on wet floors; liquids shall be removed as soon as possible. Work areas shall be inspected and documented daily for adequate housekeeping. All stairways, passageways, gangways, and access ways shall be kept free of materials, supplies, and obstructions. Tools, materials, extension cords, hoses, and debris shall not be stored in such a manner that they pose tripping or other hazards. Form and scrap lumber and debris shall be cleared from work areas and access ways in and around the building. Protruding nails in scrap boards, planks, and timbers shall be removed, hammered in, or bent over flush with the wood. Storage and construction areas shall be kept free from the accumulation of combustible materials. All spills of flammable or combustible materials must be cleaned up immediately. Waste materials and rubbish shall be placed in containers or, if appropriate, in piles. Separate covered, self-closing, non-flammable/non-reactive containers shall be provided for the collection of garbage, oily, flammable, and dangerous wastes. The containers shall be labeled with a description of their contents and disposed of routinely. Walkways or guarding will be erected over piping located in normally accessed areas. This does not include areas, which are not designed or intended for continuous uninterrupted access. 3.5.10 Hot Surfaces Hot surfaces are a potential physical hazard commonly associated with thermal treatment processing. Accident prevention signs, labels, tags, training, signals and piping system identification, and the use of PPE are imperative to the prevention of incidents involving hot surfaces. Employees shall be provided with protection against contact with, or exposure to radiant heat, glare, fumes, and vapors. All employees shall be informed as to the meaning of the various signs, tags, and labels used throughout the site and what special precautions are required: all employees shall be instructed that danger signs and tags indicate immediate danger and shall be informed of any special precaution that may be required. 3.5.11 Confined Space Entry Potential confined space entry locations associated with the operation include the CBCD, BBCD, LBCD, cooling towers, condensate storage tanks, scrubbers, organic collection tanks, carbon vessels, etc. A list of confined spaces will be maintained on site and updated as new confined spaces are discovered or defined. Confined spaces shall be designated as permit required or non-permit required. ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 21 Final March 2000 Health & Safety Plan Warren County PCB Landfill All confined spaces shall be identified with a sign reading "DANGER-Confined Space -DO NOT ENTER" to inform personnel of the existence and location of and the danger posed by confined spaces. The facility will be re-evaluated at least once annually for the presence of confined spaces. In addition, confined spaces shall be re-evaluated whenever their characteristics change in a way that could lead to re- classification as a permit required confined space. The Contractor will provide their Confined Space Entry Procedures in the HASP, in compliance with OSHA 1910.146,asamendedJanuary I, 1999. 3.5.12 Portable Electric EquipmenUTools All power tools shall be examined before use to ensure general serviceability and the presence of all applicable safety devices. Power tools shall be used only within their design capability and shall be operated in accordance with the instruction of the manufacturer. All tools shall be kept in good repair and shall be disconnected from the power source while repairs are being made. Electrical tools shall not be used where there is a hazard of explosion due to concentrations of flammable vapors, gases. or dusts. GFCI shall be used on I00V to 120V in the following situations: ( 1) When operating portable electric tools. (2) When operating portable lighting. (3) When using an electrical extension cord. GFCI are not required to be used on equipment in fixed locations such as office equipment, battery chargers, machine tools, etc. Equipment, which is moved less than once a month on a regular basis, is considered to be in a fixed location. Tools selected for each job application shall only be used for their intended purpose. Personnel shall be familiar with or receive instruction on the proper use of each tool. All tools shall be inspected prior to use; damaged tools shall be properly disposed of or removed from service and tagged. Tools shall not be thrown from place to place or from person to person; tools that must be raised or lowered from one elevation to another shall be placed in tool buckets or firmly attached to hand lines. Tools shall never be placed unsecured on elevated places. The following safety rules are general requirements for power driven abrasive wheels and discs and cutoff wheels used on portable equipment. bench and stand grinders, cutoff machines and grinding machines of all types. Grinding wheels shall be properly used, stored, and handled to prevent cracking, breaking, or other damage. If a grinding wheel is broken, a careful investigation shall be made to determine and correct the cause. Under no circumstances, shall a wheel be mounted on a machine on which the revolutions per minute (RPM) exceeds the maximum safe RPM specified by the manufacturer. After a wheel is mounted, care must be taken to see that the safety guards are properly positioned before starting the wheel. Grinding machines shall be equipped with approved safety guards. All grinding wheels shall be run at operating speeds with safety guards in place or in a protective enclosure before applying to work, during which time no one shall stand in front of or in line with the wheel. Wheels shall be re- balanced as often as necessary. Unbalanced wheels shall be balanced. Wheels, which cannot be balanced by turning or dressing, shall be removed from the machine and discarded. 3.5.13 Pneumatic and Hydraulic Tools Compressed air and compressed air tools shall be operated with care. Pneumatic tools shall never be pointed at another person. ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 22 Final March 2000 Health & Safety Plan Warren County PCB Landfill Pneumatic power tools shall be secured to the hose or whip by some positive means to prevent the tool from becoming accidentally disconnected. Safety clips and retainers shall be securely installed and maintained in pneumatic hose connections and impact (percussion) tools to prevent accidental expelling or separation. Compressed air shall not be used for cleaning purposes, except where reduced to less than 30 pounds per square inch (p.s.i.) and then only with effective chip guarding and personal protective equipment. Compressed air shall not be used to blow dust or dirt from clothing. The manufacturers stated safe operating pressure for hoses; pipes, valves, filters, and other fittings should not be exceeded. The use of hoses for hoisting or lowering tool s shall not be permitted. Tools selected for each job application shall only be used for their intended purpose. Personnel shall be familiar with, or receive instruction on the proper use of each tool. All tools shall be inspected prior to use; damaged tools shall be properly di sposed of or removed from service and tagged. Tools shall not be thrown from place to place or from person to person: tools that must be raised or lowered from one elevation to another shall be placed in tool buckets or firmly attached to hand lines. Tools shall never be placed unsecured on elevated places. 3.5.14 Hand Tools All tools, regardless of ownership, shall be of an approved type and maintained in good condition. Tools are subject to inspection at any time. A supervisor has the authority and responsibility to condemn unserviceable tools. regardless of ownership. Employees shall inspect tools, regardless of ownership. Employees shall inspect tools for serviceability prior to use. Defective tools shall be tagged to prevent their use. Employees shall always use the proper tool for the job to be performed. Makeshift and substitute tools shall not be used. Hammers with metal handles, screwdrivers with metal continuing through the handle and metallic measuring tapes shall not be used on or near energized electrical circuits or equipment. Tools shall not be thrown from place to place or from person to person; tools that must be raised or lowered from one elevation to another shall be placed in tool buckets or firmly attached to hand lines. Tools shall never be placed unsecured on elevated places. Chisels, drills, punches, ground rods, and pipes shall be held with suitable holders or tongs (not with the hands) while being struck by another employee. Shims shall not be used to make a wrench fit. Tools shall be used only for the purpose for which they have been designed and approved. Tools with sharp edges shall be stored and handled so that they will not cause injury or damage. They shall not be carried in pockets. All cutting tools such as saws, wood chisels, drawknives, or axes shall be kept in suitable guards or in special compartments. Tools shall not be left lying around where they may cause a tripping or stumbling hazard. When employees are working on or above open grating, a canvas or other suitable covering shall be used to cover the grating to prevent tools or parts from dropping to a lower level where others are present, or the danger areas shall be barricaded or guarded. 3.5.15 Supports and Scaffolds The following rules are general requirements for scaffolding and supports. Detailed regulations on specific types of scaffolding are given in 29 CFR, Parts 1910.28 and 1910.29 and the construction regulations pertaining to scaffolding, as appropriate. A competent person will conduct daily inspections of all scaffolding with documentation. Employees will be trained in hazard recognition and avoidance as it pertains to scaffolds used at the site. Any scaffold damaged or weakened from any cause shall be immediately repaired and shall not be used until repairs have been completed. Tools, materials, and debris shall not be allowed to accumulate in quantities to cause a hazard. An access ladder or equivalent safe access shall be provided. ETG Environmental, Inc I BF A Environmental Consultants 23 Final March 2000 Health & Safety Plan Warren County PCB Landfill Eliminate slippery conditions on scaffolds as soon as possible after they occur. No employee, material, or equipment shall be supported or permitted to be supported on any portion of a pole, structure, scaffold, ladder, walk-way, or other elevated structure, crane, derrick, etc., without it first being determined that such support has adequate strength and is properly secured. Only persons designated as competent in safe scaffold erection may supervise the erecting, moving, dismantling, and alteration of scaffolds. Employees shall check all scaffolding before use to ensure it is of sufficient strength and rigidity to safely support the weight of workers and material to which it will be subjected. Scaffolds and their components shall be capable of supporting without failure at least four times the maximum intended load. Scaffolds shall not be loaded in excess of the working load for which they are intended. The footing or anchorage for scaffolds shall be sound, rigid, and capable of carrying the maximum intended load without settling or displacement. Unstable objects such as barrels, boxes, lose brick, or concrete blocks shall not be used to support scaffolds or planks. Guardrails and toe boards shall be installed on all open sides and ends of platforms more than 6 feet above the ground or floor. Scaffolds above 4 feet high and having a minimum horizontal dimension of at least 45 inches must have standard guardrails installed on all open sides and ends of the platform. Scaffolds shall not be altered or moved horizontally while they are in use or occupied. No employee shall ride a rolling scaffold unless the scaffold is specifically designated for this purpose. 3.5.16 Ladders All portable ladders shall be of sufficient length and shall be placed so workers will not stretch or assume a hazardous position. Portable ladders used, as temporary access shall extend (3) feet past the landing. When a (3) foot extension is not possible, a grasping device shall be provided to assist employees in mounting and dismounting the ladder. The length of a portable stepladder shall not exceed (20) feet. The minimum clear distance between the sides of individual rung/step ladders shall be ( 16) inches. The minimum clear distance between side rails for all ladders shall be 11-1/2 inches. Spacing of rungs, cleats, and steps on portable ladders shall be not less than IO inches, or more than 14 inches, apart as measured from their centerlines. On step stools, spacing shall be not less than 8 inches, or more than 12 inches, apart as measured from their centerlines. On extension trestle ladders, spacing on the base shall not be less than 8 inches, nor more than 18 inches, apart as measured from their centerlines; on the extension section spacing shall not be less than 6 inches, nor more than 12 inches, apart as measured from their centerlines. The steps or rungs of all ladders shall provide at least 7 inches toe space from the inside edge of the rung to the nearest interference. Ladders shall be surfaced to prevent injury to an employee from punctures, lacerations, snagging of clothing and/or slipping. Wood ladders will not be utilized. Locking devices will be utilized to hold front and back sections of ladders in an open position. Ladders shall not be placed in locations they may be displaced unless protected. The top of non-self supporting ladders shall be placed with the two rails supported equally unless it is equipped with a single support attachment. No work requiring lifting of heavy materials or substantial exertion shall be performed from ladders. Workers shall not straddle a ladder or overreach to the point where the body is no longer between the side rails. The base and landing of ladders shall be kept clear of obstacles. Ladders shall not be moved, shifted, or extended while occupied. The top step of a ladder shall not be used as a step. Ladders will be inspected routinely, prior to use, and after any occurrence that may affect their safe use. Broken or damaged ladders will be tagged and removed from service immediately. An inspection tag identifying the inspection date will be placed on the ladder. ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 24 Final March 2000 Health & Safety Plan Warren County PCB Landfill 3.5.17 Rigging Equipment Rigging equipment for material handling shall be inspected as specified by the manufacturer, by a qualified person, prior to use on each shift and/or as necessary during its use to ensure that it is safe. Defective rigging shall be removed from service. Hooks, rings, oblong links, pear shaped links, welded or mechanical coupling links, or other attachments, when used with alloy steel chains, shall have a rated capacity at least equal to that of the chain; only alloyed chain shall be used in rigging. Job or shop hooks and links, or makeshift fasteners, formed from bolts, rods, etc., or other such chain attachments, shall not be used unless tested by a qualified engineer and so labeled. All hooks shall be equipped with hook throat closures. 3.5.18 Welding and Cutting Only experienced and properly instructed employees shall perform welding and cutting. When welding or cutting in elevated positions, employees shall take precautions to prevent sparks or hot metal from falling onto people or flammable material below. Suitable fire extinguishing equipment shall be immediately available at all locations where welding and cutting equipment are used. A fire watch shall be maintained wherever welding and cutting are performed in locations where combustible materials present a fire hazard. A fire check shall be made of the area one-half hour after completion of welding. Prior to the start of welding activities, a Hot Work Permit shall be obtained. In dusty or gaseous spaces where there is a possibility of an explosion, welding or cutting equipment shall not be used until the space is adequately ventilated. Adequate ventilation or approved respiratory equipment shall be used while welding in confined spaces or while brazing, cutting, or welding zinc, brass, bronze, stainless steel, or galvanized or lead coated material. Indoors or in confined spaces, local exhaust ventilation or airline respirators shall be used. This procedure is designed to prevent hazards or fires from occurring due to the use of cutting, welding or heating equipment. This procedure is applicable to all employees, their guests, authorized visitors and contractors. It shall be a supervisor's responsibility to inform their employees of the requirements of the Hot Work Permit procedures and also to initiate disciplinary action for violations of the procedure. It shall be all employees' responsibility to abide by the requirements of the Hot Work Permit procedures. Employees required to weld, cut or heat, shall obtain a Hot Work Permit from an authorized person. Personnel Authorized To Issue Hot Work Permits: Managers Supervisors Health and Safety Personnel Authorized Mechanics The person requesting the permit and the person authorized to issue a permit shall check the following items and resolve any problems prior to issuing the permit. (I) General condition of area housekeeping. (2) Necessary equipment tagged out of service according to LO/TO procedures. (3) Fire protection systems in service. (4) Remove all flammable and combustible materials. (5) Clean up oil or other combustible material in area. (6) Check area for combustible vapors. (7) Check area for oxygen enriched atmospheres. (8) Means of egress identified. (9) Openings/cracks in walls/floors covered. (I 0) Work area barricaded or roped off if necessary. ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 25 Final March 2000 Health & Safety Plan Warren County PCB Landfill Upon completion of the above list, and after determination that a safe work condition exists, the authorizing person shall issue the Hot Work Permit. The authorizing person shall retain a copy of the permit, and the person requesting the permit shall maintain a copy of the permit in the work area. Outside contractors shall coordinate the request for a Hot Work Permit through the supervisor they are working for. No electrical welding machine, either AC or DC shall be operated until the frame or case of the machine is electrically grounded. Neither terminal of the welding generator shall be bonded to the frame of the welder. Grounding connections shall be checked before welding to insure they are mechanically and electrically adequate. Welding cables shall be completely insulated, flex ible, capable of handling the maximum current requirements of the work in progress, and in good repair. Cables with splices or repaired insulation within ten feet of the holder shall not be used. Where it becomes necessary to connect or splice lengths of cable together, insulated connectors of a capacity at least equivalent to that of the cable shall be used. When connections are affected by cable lugs, they shall be securely fastened to give good electrical contact and the exposed metal parts of the lugs shall be completely insulated. Pipelines containing gases or flammable liquids or conduits carrying electrical conductors shall not be used for a ground return circuit. Equipment shall be shut down when the leads are unattended. Cables, hoses, and other equipment shall be kept clear of passageways, ladders. and stairways. To protect eyes, face. and body during electrical welding and cutting, operators shall wear an approved helmet and proper protective gloves and clothing. Helpers or attendants shall wear proper eye protection. Other employees shall not observe electric-welding operations unless they use approved eye protection. When the helmet is raised, proper eye protection shall be worn to guard against flying particles. Welders shall not strike an arc with an electrode when they or other persons nearby might be affected by the arc, rays, flashes, sparks, molten metal or slag. All welding, cutting, and heating operations shall be ventilated (natural or mechanical) such that personnel exposures to hazardous concentrations of airborne contaminants are within acceptable limits. Either general mechanical, local exhaust ventilation, or respiratory protection ( or a combination of both) shall be provided whenever, welding, cutting, or heating is performed in a confined space. Whenever the following materials; antimony, arsenic, barium, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, lead, manganese, mercury, nickel, ozone, selenium, silver, and vanadium are encountered in a confined space or indoor operation, local exhaust ventilation and personal respiratory protection shall be used. Other persons exposed to the same atmosphere as welders or cutters shall be protected in the same manner as welders and cutters. A nationally recognized testing laboratory shall list oxyfuel gas welding and cutting equipment. Cylinders and apparatus shall be kept free from oil, grease, and other flammable or explosive substances and shall not be handled with oily gloves or hands. Cylinders and apparatus shall not be used interchangeably with any other gas. Fuel gas hose and oxygen shall be readily distinguishable from each other. Oxygen and fuel gas hoses shall not be interchangeable; a single hose having more than one gas passage shall not be used. Hose couplings of the type that can be locked or disconnected without rotary motion are prohibited. Hose which has been subject to flash back or which shows signs of severe wear or damage shall be inspected and tested, defective hose or hose in doubtful condition shall not be used. Torches shall be inspected prior to each use for leaking shutoff valves, hose couplings, and tip connections: defective torches shall not be used. Hoses shall be individually purged before lighting the torch for the first time each day: hoses shall not be purged into confined spaces or near ignitable sources. Torch tips shall be cleaned as necessary with appropriately designed tools designed for such purposes. Torches shall be lighted by friction lighters only. Torch valves shall be closed and the gas supply shut off whenever work is suspended. Torch and hose shall be removed from confined spaces whenever work is suspended. Oxyfuel gas, and other fuel-gas oxygen, welding and cutting systems utilizing cylinder hose torch, shall have a reverse flow check valve in each hose between the torch and the regulator. (Reverse flow check valves that are integral with the torch are acceptable). Acetylene regulators shall not be adjusted to permit a discharge greater than 15 psig. ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 2 6 Final March 2000 Health & Safety Plan Warren County PCB Landfill 3.5.19 Fuel Powered Equipment All fuel-powered tools shall be stopped while being refueled, serviced, or maintained, and fuel shall be transported, handled, and stored in accordance with fire prevention section instructions. Fuel powered tools shall not be used inside confined spaces or in areas where there is a hazard for explosion due to the presence of flammable vapors, gases, or dusts. Flammable liquids, must be handled, transported, and stored only in UL-approved or equivalent containers. 3.5.20 Cuts/Punctures (Sharp Objects) Work activities present the potential for cuts and punctures from surfaces, tools, metal debris, etc. used during construction and operations. Employees should use caution, follow safe work practices, and wear appropriate PPE (leather palm gloves) if necessary when conducting these activities. Potential sources for cuts/punctures shall be identified during an initial inspection of the area and conveyed to all personnel. Any injuries that occur should be immediately treated and reported to the supervisor. 3.5.21 Crane Operations/Mechanical Lifts Every crane shall have the following documents inside at all times when operated: a copy of the operating manual developed by the specific manufacturer for the specific make and model of the crane; a copy of the operator manual for any crane operator aids with which the crane is equipped, the load rating chart for the crane, which shall include the crane make and model, serial number, and year of manufacturer, load ratings for all cranes operating configurations. including optional equipment and operating limits in windy or cold weather conditions. A crane logbook shall be used to record operating hours and all crane inspections, tests, maintenance and repair. The log shall be updated daily as the crane is used and shall be signed by the operator and supervisor. The operator shall not engage in any activity, which will divert his/her attention while operating the crane. The operator shall respond to signals from the person who is directing the lift or an appointed signal person: when a signal person is not used in the crane operation, the operator shall ensure he/she has full view of the load and the load travel paths at all times the load is rigged to the crane. Each operator is responsible for those operations under his direct control, including those items listed below: whenever there is doubt as to safety, the operator shall consult his supervisor prior to continuing. Before a lift, except before critical lifts when these shall be done by the lift supervisor, the rigger shall ensure that: the crane is level and, where necessary blocked, the load is well secured and balanced in the sling or lifting device before it is lifted more than a few inches, the lift and swing path is clear of obstructions and adequate clearance is maintained from electrical sources, and all persons are clear of the swing radius of the counterweight. The lift supervisor and rigger will verify the weight of the load and the capacity of the crane prior to performing the lift. Tag lines shall be used on all loads, and a competent person, prior to use, shall inspect all rigging equipment. Only qualified personnel may operate cranes. Only those operators qualified to operate a particular type of crane may operate that type of machinery; proof of qualification shall be in writing, and shall be designated by a source, which qualifies crane operators. Cranes shall be operated, inspected, tested, and maintained in accordance with manufacturers operating manual for the crane. A standard signal system shall be used on all cranes. In situations where the operator cannot see the load, audio communications shall be used. The operator, before every operation of the crane, shall conduct start-up inspections in accordance with manufacturer recommendations. Pre-operational inspections shall be maintained on site in the project work files. Cranes shall be given an operational performance test/inspection annually and/or following repair, alteration, or replacement of load bearing or load controlling components (excluding the rope). All maintenance and repairs shall be conducted in accordance with manufacturer procedures and precautions. ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 27 Final March 2000 • Health & Safety Plan Warren County PCB Landfill Cranes shall not be operated under any adverse weather conditions (i .e. lighting, high winds, weather creating poor visibility etc.). In addition to these requirements, crane activities involved with construction and operations shall be conducted in accordance with the hoisting and rigging requirements defined 29 CFR 1926 Subpart H, defined within the HASP, and are to be provided within the Site Operations Plan (SOP) for Hoisting and Rigging Operations. 3.5.22 Fall Protection Personal fall arrest systems require the use of body harnesses: body belts are not acceptable as part of a personal fall arrest system. The use of a body belt is permitted in a positioning device system. Connectors shall be dropped forged, pressed or formed steel, or made of equivalent materials; shall be corrosive resistant finish; and all surfaces and edges shall be smooth to prevent damage to interfacing parts of the system. D-rings, snap hooks, and other connectors shall have a minimum tensile strength of 5,000 pounds; D-rings and snap hooks shall be proof-tested to a minimum tensile load of 3,600 pounds without cracking, breaking, or taking permanent deformation. Body belt/harness systems shall decelerate and bring the employee to a complete stop within 42-inches, excluding lifeline elongation, after free fall distance. Body belt/harness systems, when stopping or preventing a fall, shall not produce an arresting force on an employee of more than IO times the employees weight or 1,800 pounds, whichever is lower. Personnel working at heights of six feet and above shall be required to implement the use of fall protection in accordance with 29 CFR I 926, Subpart M. 3.5.23 Pressure Vessels Fire Pressure Vessels, Unfired Pressure Vessels, and other equipment may be required to undergo inspection by the State of North Carolina Boiler Inspection Department at the time of Start-up. The Prime Contractors shall be responsible for compliance with this requirement. 3.6 Environmental Natural/Biological Hazards Potential exposure to natural hazards such as poisonous plants, insects, and animals exist at the site, along with potential exposure biological hazards such as blood borne pathogens and a number of environmental hazards, which are defined below. 3.6.1 Heat Stress The HSO shall implement and document an environmental and physiological monitoring program as defined within the Contractors Heat Stress Standard Operating Procedure for employees that may be exposed to heat related disorders from weather conditions, PPE (increased potential when utilizing impervious protective clothing), and work activities. Adequate engineering and administrative controls shall be established to prevent worker illness and injury. All employees shall be evaluated medically with special attention to the cardiovascular system as a pre- employment screening. Additionally, all employees over the age of 40 shall undergo an electrocardiogram (EKG) in accordance with the defined medical surveillance program. The following procedures shall be utilized to reduce the potential for heat related illness during construction and operations. • All employees shall be instructed on the signs and symptoms of heat related illness, i.e., heat stress, heat stroke . • All employees shall be trained in proper first aid procedures for heat illness. ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 28 Final March 2000 Health & Safety Plan Warren County PCB Landfill • Work rest regimens shall be established based upon the prevailing weather conditions, taking into consideration temperature, humidity, type of PPE being worn, and task being performed. • Employees shall be encouraged to take breaks in shaded, cool locations. • Proper replacement fluids shall be made available in defined locations including break areas. Workers shall be encouraged to frequently drink small amounts of water; water shall be kept reasonable cool. 3.6.2 Weather Hazards Weather conditions will be taken into consideration. Heavy rains or snowfall, electrical storms, high winds, and extreme temperatures may create extremely dangerous situations for employees. Excavation or drilling activities may be halted during electrical storms, at the discretion of the HSO. Inclement weather may also impair equipment performance. Whenever unfavorable conditions arise, the SM and HSO will evaluate both the safety hazards and ability of the employees to effectively perform given tasks under such conditions. Activities will be halted at their discretion. 3.6.3 Natural Hazards Natural hazards, which may be encountered at the site, include insects, snakes, rodents. and poisonous plants (e.g. poison ivy). The area around the landfill will be cleared of trees and grubs, maintaining the area around the landfill, process areas, trailers and soil staging areas are preventative measures to be reducing potential contact with these natural hazards. To further reduce potential exposure, with natural hazards, employees will wear steel-toed boots, long pants and long sleeve shirts. 3.6.4 Cumulative Trauma Work activities that require workers to conduct lifting, handling, or carrying, rapid and frequent application of high grasping forces, repetitive hand/arm manipulations, tasks that include intermittent, impulsive, or impact hand-arm vibration or whole body vibration and other physical activities that stress the body's capabilities, shall be evaluated to ensure the activities are designed to match the capabilities of the workers. When work activities that stress the body's capability are identified, the employer shall incorporate them in the appropriate TAHA. The analysis shall identify hazards associated with such work activities, isolate causative factors, and recommend controls to be implemented. Control measures may include, however are not limited to, the use of anti-vibration tools and/or gloves and implementation of work practices that limit vibration. 3.6.5 Blood Borne Pathogens Employees designated as responsible for rendering first aid or medical assistance shall be included in a blood-borne pathogen program in accordance with 29 CFR 1910. I 030. The blood-borne pathogen program includes instruction in the sources, hazards, and avoidance of blood- borne pathogens and the use and maintenance of personal protective equipment (gloves, gowns, masks, eye protectors, and/or resuscitation equipment) when appropriate for rendering first aid or other medical assistance, to prevent contact with blood or other potential infectious material. ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 29 Final March 2000 Health & Safety Plan Warren County PCB Landfill 4.0 SITE CONTROL PROCEDURES 4.1 Site Work Zones Site work zones will be established and delineated prior to the commencement of operations. The Contractor will provide site layout drawing depicting the location of the Contamination Reduction Zone (CRZ) and decontamination areas. The established support zones will be accessed through designated decontamination areas. The three general work zones to be established at the facility are the Exclusion Zone (EZ), CRZ, and Support Zone (SZ). The EZ is defined as the area where contamination is either known or likely to be present, or because of activity, will provide a potential to cause harm to personnel. Entry into the Exclusion Zone requires the use of personal protective equipment. Personnel working within this zone will be required to meet all applicable requirements of 29 CFR 1910.120 and the requirements of this HASP. The EZ shall be large enough to encompass work activities and account for the potential migration of contaminants above the PEL. When possible, engineering controls will be used to prevent the migration of contaminants, and protect individuals outside of the exclusion zone. The CRZ, also referred to as the decontamination zone, is the area where personnel conduct personal and equipment decontamination, storage of PPE/equipment, etc. It is essentially a buffer zone between contaminated areas and clean areas. Generally, activities to be conducted in this zone require personal protection one level lower than the EZ. The defined CRZ will be clearly delineated and large enough to encompass necessary waste containers and personnel decontamination stations. The SZ is situated outside the EZ in a clean area in which the chance to encounter hazardous materials or conditions is negligible. Contaminated materials are not permitted within designated support zones. Under normal operating conditions, personal protective equipment is not required in support zones. 4.2 Site Security To maintain security at the site security personnel shall: • Control all site entrances and exits; • Establish a personnel identification system; • Be responsible for enforcing entry and exit requirements; and • Use temporary fencing where feasible. All equipment and supplies shall be secured or stored in locked facilities, and trenches shall be covered. If excavations must be left open and unattended, the opening or access shall be barricaded and/or restricted. Unauthorized personnel entering into the work areas shall be informed briefly of the nature of the work and asked to maintain a safe distance or leave the area entirely. In the event the individual(s) refuse to abide by this request, the supervisor shall stop work activities and contact the site manager. 4.3 Spill Containment Program A spill containment program shall be implemented during all site activities that meet drum and container handling requirements in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.120. Hazardous substances and contaminated soils, liquids, and other residues also shall be handled, transported, labeled, and disposed of in accordance with 40 CFR 264-265. If a major spill occurs, the Contractor shall notify the NCDENR and local response agencies immediately and, if possible, implement controls to contain and isolate the spilled substance. ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 30 Final March 2000 Health & Safety Plan Warren County PCB Landfill If a small spill of hazardous material substance occurs, the following actions shall be taken: • Assess the situation and determine appropriate safety response procedures; • Notify appropriate site personnel including the SM and the HSO; • Take immediate measures to control and contain the spill within site boundaries; • Keep unnecessary personnel away, isolate the hazardous area, and restrict entry; • Stay upwind and keep out of low lying areas; • Restrict the use of ignition sources including flares, smoking, open flames, etc: • Ensure the safety of and alert co-workers; • Decontaminate equipment, appropriately dispose of expendables, re-stock spill response equipment, and prepare all gear and equipment for the next event; • Debriefpersonnel; • Implement corrective actions to prevent similar circumstances from re-occurring, revise plans, if necessary. The following procedures shall be implemented in the event of a small dry spill: • Shovel contaminated material into a dry container (i .e. 55-gallon drum) using care not to make the material airborne; • Cover and label the container with a description of the contents and date; and • Remove the container to a secure area. The following spill containment equipment shall be maintained on site during all activities: • Oil and solvent spill recovery/containment kit that includes absorbent cloths and disposable bags in which to place spent cloths; • Acid and base spill containment kit that includes absorbent cloths and disposable bags in which to place spent cloths; • Shovel; and • PPE/Respiratory Protection. 4.4 Site Sanitation An adequate supply of drinking water shall be provided with cool water being provided during hot weather. Only approved potable water systems shall be used for distribution of drinking water. Drinking water shall be dispensed by means that prevent contamination between the consumer and the source. Portable drinking water dispensers shall be designed, constructed, and serviced to ensure sanitary conditions, shall be capable of being closed, and shall have a tap. Containers shall be clearly marked as to their contents and shall not be used for any other purpose. When sanitary sewers are not available, one of the following facilities shall be provided: chemical toilets, re-circulating toilets, or other toilet systems as approved by state and local governments. Toilet facilities shall be so constructed that the occupants shall be protected against weather and falling objects; all cracks shall be sealed and the door shall be tight fitting, self-closing, and capable of being latched. Adequate ventilation shall be provided and all windows and vents screened. Toilet facilities shall be constructed so that the interior is lighted. An adequate number of toilets shall be provided and maintained in accordance with applicable OSHA regulations. Washing facilities shall be provided as needed to maintain healthful and sanitary conditions. Washing facilities for persons engaged in operations where contaminants may be harmful shall be at or near the operations area and shall be adequate for the removal of the harmful substance. Each washing facility shall be maintained in a sanitary condition and supplied with water (hot and cold), soap, and individual means of drying. One shower shall be provided for every ten employees (or fraction thereof) of each sex who are required to shower during the same shift. Change rooms with storage facilities for street clothes and separate storage for PPE shall be provided. ETG Environmental, Inc I BF A Environmental Consultants 31 Final March 2000 Health & Safety Plan Warren County PCB Landfill Solid and liquid waste shall be removed in a manner that avoids creating a menace to health and as often as necessary to maintain a sanitary environment. Enclosed work places shall be constructed and maintained, to the extent possible, to prevent entrance or harborage of rodents, insects, or vermin. 4.5 On/Off Site Communications Successful communications between operations personnel and support staff is essential. The following communication systems shall be available and utilized during operations. • Two way radios • Hand signals • Telephones Table 4-5 Hand Signals Signal Definition Hands clutching throat Out of air, cannot breathe Hands on top of head Need assistance Thumbs up OK/ I Am OK/ I Understand Thumbs down No/ Negative Arms waving upright Trouble/ Send Backup Grip partners wrist Exit Area Immediately 4.6 Buddy System During all activities in the CRZ and EZ, the implementation of a buddy system is mandatory. A buddy system requires at least two people in the work area, each looking out for each other, via voice or visual contact. 4.7 Entry/Exit Log All personnel entering and exiting the exclusion zone and the CRZ will sign in and out. The log shall indicate the date and time entering and exiting and Level of Protection (PPE) utilized. 4.8 Medical Assistance A map showing the route to the hospital as well as written directions is included within the HASP. The map and directions shall be posted within support areas and the CRZ. Personnel requiring medical assistance from chemical exposure shall be transported to the hospital with the MSDS for the respective chemical, if known. The Contractor shall inform in writing the chemical hazards site personnel may be exposed to the local medical care providers. Procedures for emergency decontamination of injured personnel shall be included in the HASP. ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 32 Final March 2000 Health & Safety Plan Warren County PCB Landfill 5.0 PERSONNEL TRAINING REQUIREMENTS All site personnel who may enter the CRZ or EZ, or who may come in contact with the hazards associated with this project, shall be required to possess required training. At a minimum, all personnel will be trained pursuant to OSHA 29 CFR 1910.120 or equivalent and the provisions of the HASP. All personnel required to enter the CRZ or EZ must provide the HSO with certification of training prior to entry. 5.1 Hazardous Materials Training Prior to arrival on-site, each organization will be responsible for certifying that their employees are trained pursuant to OSHA 29 CFR 1910.120. Each employee should be able to provide dates of 40 hours of training and eight-hour refresher training. Equivalent training and experience must also be documented if taken in place of formal training. Copies of training certificates or documented experience shall be provided to the HSO prior to on-site activities 5.2 24-Hour Supervised On-Site Training All new personnel entering the CRZ or EZ will receive 24 hours of supervised on-site training as stated in OSHA 29 CFR 1910.120-paragraph (e)(3). This training will ensure that employees are familiar with the specific hazards present on site and that proper safety procedures are followed. 5.3 Annual Refresher Training Personnel must receive an annual refresher training as specified in OSHA 29 CFR 19 I 0.120-paragraph ( e )(8). 5.4 Site Supervisors Training Consistent with OSHA 29 CFR 1910.120 paragraph (e)(4), individuals designated as supervisors shall receive an additional 8-hours of training in accordance with this standard. The Contractor will list the individuals that will be identified as supervisors. Table 5.1 Supervisors NAME RESPONSIBILITY Project Manager Site Manager Health and Safety Officer Operations Manager Shift Supervisor Shift Supervisor Shift Supervisor Shift Supervisor ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 33 PROJECT EXECUTIVE Corporate Health & Safety Officer Final March 2000 Health & Safety Plan Warren County PCB Landfill 5.5 Health and Safety Briefing The HSO shall conduct a site-specific health and safety orientation for all employees of the Contractor and Subcontractor(s), who will work on site and any site visitors who may enter the CRZ or EZ. The Health and Safety Briefing shall include, at a minimum, the following: ✓ OSHA Training, and medical surveillance requirements to enter the CRZ and EZ. ✓ Potential health hazards associated with known or potential contamination present in the various work areas ✓ Work practices by which the employee can use to minimize the risks of unsafe situations taking place ✓ Health and safety emergency procedures ✓ Respiratory protection devices ✓ Fire fighting ✓ First aid ✓ The site specific health and safety plan ✓ Emergency and contingency procedures, including excavation signals and routes 5.6 Tailgate Safety Meeting Tailgate Safety Meetings shall be held daily prior to the start of work. Tailgate Safety meetings will cover any specific hazards associated with the day's planned activities, and any safety concerns from the previous day's activities, including air sampling/monitoring results. These shall be documented showing topics presented and attendance. ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 34 Final March 2000 Health & Safety Plan Warren County PCB Landfill 6.0 MONITORING REQUIREMENTS This section specifies the surveillance activities that will take place during on-site act1V1t1es for personal air monitoring and sampling. The Perfonnance Demonstration Plan and Air Monitoring Plan detail the stack testing and perimeter air sampling and analysis to be preformed during the perfonnance demonstration testing and full scale operations. This section discusses the personal air monitoring and sampling to be conducted in the various work zones. The purpose of air monitoring is to identify and quantify airborne contaminants in order to verify and/or detennine the level of worker protection needed. Two principal approaches are available for identifying and/or quantifying airborne contaminants: l) The on-site use of direct-reading instruments. e.g., Photo-ionization Detector, Combustible Gas Indicator, Aerosol Dust monitor, and Colormetric tubes e.g. Benzene. · 2) Laboratory analysis of air samples obtained by collection media (i .e., filter, sorbent) for the target compounds. 6. 1 Direct-Reading Monitoring Instruments Direct-reading instruments provide information at the time of sampling. The data obtained from the real-time monitors is used to assure proper selection of personnel protection equipment, engineering controls, and work practices. Overall, the instruments provide the user the capability to determine if site personnel are being exposed to concentrations, which exceed exposure limits or action levels for classes of hazardous materials, e.g., VOCs, LEL, particulates/dust. Table 6.1 excerpted from Occupational Safety and Health Guidelines for Hazardous Waste Site Activities, provides an overview of available monitoring instrumentation and their specific operating parameters. Air Monitoring Instruments (equivalent meters may be used) 1. Combination Combustible Gas Indicator/Oxygen/Hydrogen Sulfide Meter 2. Ultraviolet (UV) Photo ionization Detector (PID) 3. Direct Reading Colormetric Indicator Tubes, i.e., Hydrogen Cyanide 4. Real Time Aerosol Monitor -MIE PDM-3 5. Heat Stress Monitor -WBGT 6. Single Contaminant Meter i.e. Hydrogen Sulfide Table 6-1 Direct Reading Instruments A. Instrument: Combustible Gas Indicator (CG!) and Oxygen Meter Hazard Monitored: Combustible gases and vapors, and oxygen Application: Measures the percentage of a combustible gas or vapor and oxygen Detection Method: Combustible gas: A filament, usually made of platinum, is heated by burning the combustible gas of vapor. The increase in heat is measured. A current is produced in proportion to the number of carbon atoms present. Oxygen: uses an electrochemical sensor to measure the partial pressure of Oxygen in air, and converts that reading to percent oxygen. General Care/Maintenance: Recharge or replace battery. Calibrate immediately before use. The unit will be calibrated daily to the manufacturers specification. ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 35 Final March 2000 Health & Safety Plan Warren County PCB Landfill Table 6-1 Direct Reading Instruments (Continued) Typical Operating Time: Can be used for, as long as the battery lasts, or for the recommended interval between calibrations, whichever is less. Example: Industrial Scientific MX241 (or equivalent) B. Instrument: Ultraviolet (UV) Photo ionization Detector (P!D) Hazard Monitored: Many organic and some inorganic gases and vapors. Application: Detects total concentration of many organic and some inorganic gases and vapors. Some identification of compounds is possible if more than one probe is measured. Detection Method: Ionizes molecules using UV radiation, produces a current that is proportional to the number of ions. General Care/Maintenance: Recharge or replace battery. Regularly clean lamp window. Regularly clean and maintain the instrument and accessories. Calibrate daily with a known concentration of isobutylene as per manufacturer's instructions. Typical Operating Time: IO hours. 5 hours with strip chart recorder. Example: HNU PI-I 01 (or equivalent) C. Instrument: Direct Reading Colormetric Indicating Tube(s). Hazard Measured: Specific gas and vapors, e.g., Hydrogen Cyanide Applications: Measures concentration of specific gases and vapors. Detection Method: The compound reacts with the indicator chemical in the tube, producing a stain whose length or color change is proportional to the compound's concentration. Instrument may have interference's. General Care/Maintenance: Check pump for leaks before and after use. Refrigerate tubes before use to maintain a shelf life of about 2 years. Check expiration date of tubes. Calibrate pump volume at least quarterly. Avoid rough handling, which may cause channeling of air through tubes. Example: Drager Tubes and Bellows Pump (or equivalent) D. Instrument: Real Time Aerosol Monitor Hazard Monitored: Particulate Application: Measures total and respirable particulate in air. Detection Method: Uses an internal light source. The particulate diffracts the light beam and the amount of diffraction is converted into concentration (mg/m3). Gen. Care/Maintenance: Recharge batteries. Replace desiccant when necessary. ETG Environmental, Inc / BFA Environmental Consultants 36 Final March 2000 Health & Safety Plan Warren County PCB Landfill Table 6-1 Direct Reading Instruments (Continued) Typical Operating Time: 8-12 hours. Example: MIE PDM-3 (or equivalent) E. Instrument: Heat Stress Monitor Hazard Monitored: Wet Bulb Globe Temperature, WBGT Application: Measures heat stress index to control heat stress. Detection Method: Thermocouples or wet, dry and globe temperatures. General Care/Maintenance: Check the level of water in wet bulb, check battery daily. Example: Sling Psychrometer (or equivalent) F. Instrument: Hydrogen Sulfide Meter Hazard Monitored: Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) Detection Method: Uses an electrochemical sensor to measure the partial pressure of H2S in the air, and converts that reading to H2S concentrations. Typical Operating Time: 8-12 Hours. Example: Industrial Scientific MX 261 or TMX 410 (or equivalent) Direct-reading real time air monitoring action level lattices for operational activities are listed in Tables 6-2. Contained in Appendix VIII-is the calculation of PCBs in dust using the highest concentration of PCBs detected in the soil before the PCB exposure limit of 0.5 mg/m3 is exceeded. It was calculated that 147 mg/m3 of dust would be permissible before the PCB exposure limit was exceeded. Since this exceeds the respirable dust exposure limit of 5.0 mg/m3 the respirable dust exposure limit will become the action limit. 6.2 Site Air Monitoring and Sampling Program The sampling and analysis will focus on PCBs, dioxins, organics and particulates/dust. The analytical results will be compared to the contaminant work zone action level lattice. Based upon the analytical results a sampling program will be finalized for the full-scale project. In addition, further engineering controls may be instituted to reduce airborne contaminants. Table 6-3 Personnel Monitoring and Sampling Summary depicts the site personal air monitoring and sampling program for the site. Periodically, minimally twice per shift, all operational areas will be surveyed to measure respirable dust levels during on-site activities, the HSO will monitor the work area with real time instruments. Air monitoring shall focus in the worker's breathing zone, although source readings may be taken for reference. Table 6-3 identifies the minimum requirements for monitoring/sampling locations and frequency. The instantaneous reading recorded by the instrument will be documented unless the readings are fluctuating at or near the detection level. In these cases a sustained reading will be determined. A sustained monitoring period consists of 20 readings taken every 15 seconds. All readings will be averaged at the end of the monitoring period. Two consecutive sustained monitoring periods will warrant corrective action. Monitoring shall be conducted when material handling activities are being performed. Monitoring shall be conducted as frequently as necessary during all initial activities to determine the effectiveness of ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 37 Final March 2000 Health & Safety Plan Warren County PCB Landfill engineering controls and verify levels of protection. Once activities have been shown to produce consistent air monitoring results, which do not exceed action levels, the frequency of the air monitoring may be reduced at the discretion of the HSO. All instruments utilized shall be response checked daily and calibrated as per manufacturer's recommendations and in accordance with acceptable industrial hygiene protocol. In addition, the instrument shall be calibrated in the same environmental conditions at which it will be used, or the calibration will be corrected mathematically for differences in temperature, humidity and barometric pressure, where appropriate. The monitoring instrumentation requires frequent charging and routine cleaning to ensure that they function properly when needed. The HSO shall be responsible for training personnel in the proper use and care of all monitoring instrumentation. A calibration log shall be kept for each instrument. This log shall also contain detailed descriptions of any problems encountered, along with records of factory calibrations and repairs. 6.3 Integrated Personal Sampling In addition to real time air monitoring during remedial activities, a personal air monitoring program shall provide for the determination of worker's airborne exposure levels to specific contaminants. Such a determination will be made from laboratory analysis of air samples collected from representative workers during an average work shift. The selection of the workers to be monitored for daily exposure shall be done by the HSO based on their professional judgement of the characteristics of the jobs and the locations in each work area and will be biased toward those workers determined to be highest at risk. Initially, personal air monitoring will be performed on one (1) to two (2) representative employees for three days over the first two (2) weeks of full-scale operations. These samples shall be screened for major contaminants of concern listed in Table 6-2. Screening for these specific contaminants shall take place during any new work phase. The continued sampling strategy shall depend on the results of the initial monitoring. Follow-up worst case samples shall be performed at the discretion of the HSO. If levels above the Action Level are detected, additional air sampling shall be performed. Air samples will be submitted to an AIHA accredited Laboratory for analysis. Personal air sampling results will be used to determine personnel exposure during remedial construction, and will determine if the level of personal protection is adequate for work being performed. Upgrades/down grades in levels of personal protective equipment are based on real-time direct reading instruments and verified by integrated personal sampling. Initial levels shall be established based on prior project experience with similar materials, calculated exposure values based on sample analysis, and real- time readings during sample collection. Calibrated personal air sampling pumps shall be used to draw air through appropriate sampling media in order to collect representative integrated air samples. Air sampling pumps shall be calibrated before each use in the field using a primary standard. If precision rotameters are used, they shall be calibrated to a traceable primary standard in the laboratory, prior to use in the field. For assessing employee exposures, sampling media shall be placed in the approximate breathing zone of representative, potentially exposed employees. Employees to be monitored shall be selected based on a worst case sampling strategy, such that those employees with the greatest potential for exposure shall be monitored. ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 38 Final March 2000 Health & Safety Plan CONTAMINANT Respirable Dust as measured by PDM-3. (Calculated allowable dust emission based on maximum PCB concentration in the soil is 147 mg/m3 . See Appendix VIII, HASP). This level is significantly higher than the Action Level required for respirable dust, and therefore, respirable dust readings will be used for Action Levels. Organic Vapors (PIO)** Above background TABLE 6-2 ACTION LEVEL LATTICE ACTION LEVEL Sustained above background * <3 mglm3 3_'.S <5 mg/m3 ~5 mg/m' :::I Units*** (ppm) > I ppm , <5 ppm Sustained above background * * * * • No Benzene • Benzene ~ I ppm, ::: IO ppm (based upon 8-hr TWA). Or • Benzene >IO ppm, :::50 ppm (based upon 8-hr TWA). • Benzene >50 ppm (based upon 8-hr TWA) >5ppm (sustained) for 15 minutes Short Term Exposure Limit(STEL) ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 39 Warren County PCB Landfill ACTION Level D Continue Level D, lncrease monitoring frequency Upgrade to Level C ( l /2 or full face), P-I 00 filters. Increase monitoring frequency. Implement engineering controls. Level D Continue Level D, Increase monitoring Pull Dreager Tube for Benzene Continue Level D Level C (1 /2 face or full face), or evacuate until vapor dissipates. Collect samples for Benzene 8-hr time weighted average exposure (TWA). Level C (full face), or evacuate until vapor dissipates. Collect samples for Benzene 8-hr TWA exposure. Level B, or evacuate until vapor dissipates. Collect samples for Benzene 8-hr TWA exposure. Implement engineering controls. Upgrade to Level C, or evacuate until vapors dissipate. Collect samples for organic compounds 8- hr TWA exposure. Corporate Health & Safety Officer (CHSO) to evaluate results and determine if adjustment to PPE is required based on compounds identified, PEL, 8-hr TWA and STEL. Implement engineering controls. Final March 2000 Health & Safety Plan Warren County PCB Landfill TABLE 6-2 ACTION LEVEL LATTICE (Continued) Oxygen (02) 19.5%::: to :::22.5% Level D <I 9.5% or >22.5% Remove personnel from area. Evaluate situation. Upgrade to Level B. Lower Explosion :::5% Level D Limit (LEL) * ** *** **** >5%, <10% Continue Level D, Increase monitoring frequency >10% Do not enter area. Remove personnel from area and reevaluate. Particulate Readings: Real time readings will be averaged as described above, an upgrade will be implemented if two consecutive periods exceed a particular action level. Organic vapor meter should be calibrated to benzene equivalents. "Units" are indicated as prescribed by the specific direct reading instrument. This lattice is designed to correlate integrated sample results with real time/direct readings, to allow for timely and effective decisions to be made with regard to personal protective equipment and respiratory protection. Organic Vapors Readings: (I) To be used to determine sustained readings if instantaneous readings approach Action Limit. Sustained monitoring period consists of 20 readings taken every 15 seconds. All readings will be averaged at the end of the monitoring period. Two consecutive sustained monitoring periods warrant corrective action. NOTE: Engineering controls may be used at any time to control emissions. ETG Environmental, lnc / BF A Environmental Consultants 40 Final March 2000 Health & Safety Plan Warren County PCB Landfill 6.4 Stack Gas Monitoring Stack sampling will be conducted by a qualified stack testing contractor during each of the three performance test runs for the CBCD and BBCD. This testing will be conducted to demonstrate compliance with applicable air discharge requirements. Samples will be collected in accordance with the site Performance Demonstration Plan. The Contractor will conduct continuous process monitoring to provide total hydrocarbon readings at the CBCD and BBCD process gas discharge stacks during full-scale operation. ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 41 Final March 2000 Health & ~_,ety Plan Warren County l ~.J Landfill Description Performance Demonstration (PD) Monitoring Location WARREN COUNTY PCB LANDFILL DETOXIFICATION PROJECT TABLE 6-3 PERSONNEL MONITORING AND SAMPLING SUMMARY Samples Frequency Quality Sampling Compounds Preparation/ Control Equipment o Analytical Methods Excavation 2 workers for 2 days each Laboratory QA/QC Gillian Air Toxic Organic NIOSH 1500, 1501 Area 1 blank per POP Pump w/ Compounds testing method specific media Total Dust NIOSH 0500 PCB's NIOSH 5503 Mini PUF Dioxin/Furan EPA TO-9A Blending 1 worker for 2 days Laboratory QA/QC Gillian Air Toxic Organic NIOSH 1500, 1501 Area Pump w/ Compounds method specific media Total Dust NIOSH 0500 PCB's NIOSH 5503 Mini PUF Dioxin/Furan EPA TO-9A BBCD and 2 workers for 2 days each Laboratory QA/QC Gillian Air Toxic Organic NIOSH 1500, 1501 CBCD I blank per POP Pump w/ Compounds Area testing method specific media Total Dust NIOSH 0500 PCB's NIOSH 5503 Mini PUF Dioxin/Furan EPA TO-9A Liquid I worker for 2 days Laboratory QA/QC Gillian Air Toxic Organic NIOSH 1500, 1501 BCD Area Pump w/ Compounds method specific media Total Dust NIOSH 0500 PCB's NIOSH 5503 Mini PUF Dioxin/Furan EPA TO-9A ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants Final March 2000 42 Estimated Samples 5 5 5 5 2 2 2 2 5 5 5 5 2 2 2 2 Health & -~iety Plan Description Location Performance Aqueous Demonstration Phase Area (PD) Monitoring ( continued) All Processing Areas Monitoring Fu II Scale /\ Excavation Monitoring -Area First 2 Wks. Blending Area BBCD and CBCD Area Liquid BCD Area Warren County t ~-' Landfill WARREN COUNTY PCB LANDFILL DETOXIFICATION PROJECT TABLE 6-3 PERSONNEL MONITORING AND SAMPLING SUMMARY Samples Frequency Quality Sampling Compounds Preparation/ Control Equipment o Analytical Methods I worker for 2 days Laboratory QA/QC Gillian Air Toxic Organic NIOSH 1500, 1501 Pump w/ Compounds method specific media Total Dust NIOSH 0500 PCB's NIOSH 5503 Mini PUF Dioxin/Furan EPA TO-9A Direct readings* of Dust and Daily Calibration PDM-3 Dust Direct reading VOC's in Excavation, Soil Blending, BBCD, CBCD, LBCD, and Aqueous Phase Treatment areas. Readings PID/FID VOC's Direct reading taken in breathing zone every 2 hours. 2 workers for 3 days each Laboratory QA/QC Gillian Air Total Dust NIOSH 0500 I blank per week Pump w/ method specific media PCB's NIOSH 5503 I worker for 3 days Laboratory QA/QC Gillian Air Total Dust NIOSH 0500 Pump w/ method specific PCB's NIOSH 5503 media 2 workers for 3 days each Laboratory QA/QC Gillian Air Total Dust NIOSH 0500 I blank per week Pump w/ method specific media PCB's NIOSH 5503 I worker for 3 days Laboratory QA/QC Gillian Air Total Dust NIOSH 0500 Pump w/ method specific PCB's NIOSH 5503 media Estimated Samples 2 2 2 2 Every 2 hours Every 2 hours 8 8 3 3 8 8 3 3 ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants Final March 2000 43 Health & ~_,ety Plan Warren County I-~...; Landfill Description Location Full Scale /\ Aqueous Monitoring -Phase Area First 2 Wks. (Continued) All Processing Areas Monitoring Full Scale -All After 2 Processing Weeks Areas Monitoring WARREN COUNTY PCB LANDFILL DETOXIFICATION PROJECT TABLE 6-3 PERSONNEL MONITORING AND SAMPLING SUMMARY Samples Frequency Quality Sampling Compounds Preparation/ Control Equipment o Analytical Methods I worker for 3 days Laboratory QA/QC Gillian Air Total Dust NIOSH 0500 Pump w/ method specific PCB's NIOSH 5503 media Direct readings of Dust and Daily Calibration PDM-3 Dust Direct reading VOC's in Excavation, Soil Blending, BBCD, CBCD, LBCD, and Aqueous Phase Treatment areas. Readings taken PID/FID VOC's Direct reading in breathing zone twice per shift. Direct readings of Dust and Daily Calibration PDM-3 Dust Direct reading VOC's in Excavation, Soil Blending, BBCD, CBCD, LBCD, and Aqueous Phase Treatment areas. Twice per shift. Readings taken in PID/FID VOC's Direct reading breathing zone. * Direct reading data used for both personnel monitoring and process monitoring information. Estimated Samples 3 3 Every 2 hours Every 2 hours Minimum of5 locations Minimum of 5 locations /\ This Integrated Sampling Summary assumes initial readings show no elevated constituent levels. 1 f elevated levels are found, additional monitoring/sampling will be planned and the table will be modified. o Sampling equipment noted or equivalent. ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants Final March 2000 44 Health & Safety Plan Warren County PCB Landfill 7.0 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT This section describes the general requirements of the EPA designated Levels of Protection (A-D), and the initial levels of protection required for each task at the site. Note: Contractor must determine specific types of materials for PPE, as per 1910.132 to 1910.138. Chemical resistance data shall be submitted to support all PPE selections. 7.1 Levels of Protection Personnel protective equipment shall be used when operations involve known or suspected atmospheric contamination; when vapors, gases, or particulate may be generated by site operations, or when direct contact with skin-affecting substances may occur. The specific levels of protection for operations and necessary components for each have been divided into categories according to the degrees of protection afforded: Level A: The highest level of skin and respiratory protection. Use of Level A is not anticipated on this project. Level B: Should be worn when the highest level of respiratory protection, but a lesser level of skin protection is needed. Level C: Should be worn when the criteria for using air-purifying respirators are met, and a lesser level of skin protection is needed. Level D: Level D provides minimal protection against chemical hazards. It is normally worn only as a work uniform and not in any area with significant respiratory or skin contact hazards. Level D Modified should be worn when respiratory protection is not warranted but dermal protection is necessary. (See Section 6.2.3) Modifications of these levels are permitted and routinely employed during operations to maximize efficiency. For example, Level C respiratory protection and Level D skin protection may be required for a given task. Likewise the type of chemical protective ensemble will depend upon contaminants, concentration and extent of contact. The Level of Protection selected is based upon the following: Type and measured concentration of the chemical substance in the ambient atmosphere as well as its toxicity. Potential for exposure to substances in air, splashes of liquids, or other direct contact with material due to the work activity. Knowledge of chemicals on-site along with properties such as toxicity, route of exposure and contaminant matrix. Understanding of chemical, physical and biological hazards that may be encountered. 7.2 Level A Personal Protective Equipment: • Supplied-air respirator approved by the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) and National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Respirators may be positive pressure-demand, self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA), or positive pressure-demand, airline respirators (with escape bottle for Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health (IDLH) or potential IDLH atmosphere). • Fully encapsulating chemical-resistant suit ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 45 Final March 2000 Health & Safety Plan Warren County PCB Landfill • Coveralls or secondary protective suit (Tyvek or equivalent) • Inner gloves (multi-chemical resistant), additional inner glove (leather), if necessary • Boots, chemical-resistant, steel toe and shank (depending on suit construction, worn over or under suit boot) • Hard hat (under suit) • Disposable gloves and boot covers (worn over fully encapsulating suit) • 2-way radio communications (intrinsically safe) 7.3 Level B Personal Protective Equipment Respiratory Protection -Positive pressure demand, full face-piece self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA), or positive pressure demand supplied-air respirator (SAR), with escape SCBA (NIOSH/MSHA approved). Clothing -Saranex outer suits (or equivalent) with attached hoods and booties (disposable) and work clothes and/or coveralls beneath protective suit. Gloves ( outer) -N itrile/neoprene; leather/cotton work gloves to remain in zone Gloves (inner)-Nitrile/neoprene surgical type Boots -Steel toe and shank Boot covers -butyl rubber or neoprene Hard hat 7.4 Level C Personal Protective Equipment Respiratory Protection -full-face air-purifying respirator (APR), equipped with organic vapor and high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) chemical cartridge, or equivalent (MSHA/NIOSH approved). NOTE: Half-face respirators may be used if it is detennined that visual acuity is of more concern than respiratory protection. Safety glasses or goggles will be worn if half face respirators are donned. Clothing -Tyvek coveralls, or equivalent, with attached hoods and booties. Gloves (outer) -Nitrite/neoprene; leather/cotton type to be left in zone Gloves (inner)-Nitrite/neoprene surgical type Boots -Steel toe and shank Boot covers (outer) -Butyl rubber or neoprene Hard hat ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 46 Final March 2000 Health & Safety Plan 7.5 Level D Modified Clothing -Tyvek coveralls (or equivalent) with hoods and booties Gloves (outer)-Leather or Cotton Gloves (inner)-Nitrile/neoprene surgical type Boots -Steel toe and shank Boot covers (outer) -Butyl rubber or neoprene Hard hat Safety glasses 7.6 Level D Work uniform Boots -Steel toe and shank Hard hat Safety glasses 7.7 Additional Personal Protective Equipment Warren County PCB Landfill Warning vests. as needed. orange vests must be worn by all employees exposed to vehicular traffic Fall protection devices, as needed, orange vest must be worn by all employees exposed to vehicular traffic. Hearing protection, as needed Chemical splash goggles or face shield and chemical splash apron as appropriate when splashes may occur. NOTE: Appropriate cool vests and/or other heat reducing devices may be worn to prevent heat stress. 7.8 Reassessment of Protective Program The Level of Protection provided by PPE selection shall be upgraded or downgraded based upon changes in operations, air monitoring data, or other findings. The re-evaluation process shall be ongoing during the project. When a significant change occurs in the process or tasks performed, the hazards and PPE needed shall be re-assessed. Some indicators of the need for re-assessment are: Commencement of a new work phase, such as the start of work that begins on a different waste matrix. Change in job tasks during a work phase or implementation of new engineering controls. When temperature extremes or individual medical considerations limit the effectiveness of PPE. Contaminants other than those previously identified are encountered. ETG Environmental, lnc I BF A Environmental Consultants 47 Final March 2000 Health & Safety Plan Warren County PCB Landfill Change in ambient levels of contaminants. Change in work scope affecting the degree of contact with contaminants. 7.9 Work Activity Duration Prior to operations in PPE ensembles, the anticipated duration of the work activity shall be established. This shall be determined at the daily tailgate safety briefing. Situations which limit work activity length, include: Ambient temperature and weather conditions (heat stress). Capacity of personnel to work in PPE. Nature of the work task. 7.10 Personal Protective Clothing/Equipment, Inspection Proper inspection of PPE features several sequences of inspection depending upon specific articles of PPE and its frequency of use. The different levels of inspection are as follows: Inspection and operational testing of equipment received from the factory or distributor. Inspection of equipment as it is issued to workers. Inspection prior to use. Inspection after use or training and prior to maintenance. Periodic inspection of stored equipment. Periodic inspection when a question arises concerning the appropriateness of the selected equipment, or when problems with similar equipment arise. The following inspection list for PPE will be in use and shall be implemented prior to immediate use and conducted by the user. This ensures that the user has checked out the specific device or article and that the user is familiar with its use. Before use: Determine that the clothing material is correct for the specified task at hand. Visually inspect for: imperfect seams non-uniform coatings tears malfunctioning closures defects During the work task, periodically inspect for: Evidence of chemical attack such as discoloration, swelling, stiffening, and softening. Keep in mind, however, that chemical permeation can occur without any visible effects. Closure failure. ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 48 Final March 2000 Health & Safety Plan Tears. Punctures. Seam discontinuities. 7.11 Site Specific Levels of Protection (Anticipated) Warren County PCB Landfill The following initial levels of protection are recommended based on the current available information. As more information becomes available, the levels of protection may be upgraded or downgraded at the discretion of the HSO. Table 7-1-Initial Levels of Protection (Anticipated) TASK LEVELS OF PROTECTION Mobilization Level D Construction Level D Receiving Level D Material Handling Level D Modified Excavation Level D/C Material Loading (Contaminated) Level D/C Material Unloading Level D Stormwater Management Level D Modified BCD Process Operations Level D Modified/C Site Restoration Level D Backfilling Level D/C Maintenance of BBCD/CBCD/LBCD Process Level D/C Equipment Maintenance of Vapor Recovery Level D/C Systems/Condensate Collection/Water Treatment Systems Material Loading (Treated) Level D Decontamination of Equipment Level D Modified/C Site Restoration Level D Demobilization Level D PPE selection and use are discussed in Section 3 and identified within the TAHA of Table 3-2. Changes in levels of protection shall be based upon airborne contaminant or physical hazard monitoring conducted by the HSO. The continued use of the specified level of protection shall be based upon monitoring conducted by the HSO and established action levels. Respirator selection and fit tests shall be conducted in accordance with 1910.134 regulations. Documentation of the size, brand, and model number of the air-purifying respirator shall be retained by the HSO. ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 49 Final March 2000 Health & Safety Plan Warren County PCB Landfill 8.0 DECONTAMINATION PROCEDURES Decontamination procedures are necessary to protect field personnel and control the spread of contamination by either personnel or equipment. Decontamination facilities shall be situated at the entrance/exit to the CRZ. Personnel decontamination shall consist of a step-by-step procedure as described below. The level of protection for decontamination of personnel will be one level lower then the personnel exiting the EZ. Standard operating procedures for decontamination procedures include the following: • Reusable suits will be cleaned with water and an approved solution with a long handled brush followed by a water rinse. • Over-boots will be washed, rinsed and then removed. • Disposable coverall(s) will be removed and placed in a plastic trash bag. Bags shall be staged in a secure location for future disposal. • Disposable gloves will be removed and placed in a plastic trash bag. Bags shall be staged in a secure location for future disposal. • Respirators shall be washed in a respirator sanitizing solution, rinsed, and dried daily and/or following use in accordance with respiratory protection procedures defined in Section I 0.0. 8.1 Equipment Decontamination Procedures Heavy equipment and process equipment shall be decontaminated by pressure and/or steam cleaning with treated water from the wastewater treatment plant or other defined potable water sources. The process layout shall be designed to separate contaminated materials from non-contaminated materials to the extent possible. Contaminated equipment utilized in the processing of waste streams shall be decontaminated prior to exiting the EZ/CRZ. 8.2 Disposable PPE Disposable PPE will be securely contained in plastic bags placed in a roll-off container (or equivalent) and staged near the decontamination area to await disposal. 8.3 Decontamination During Medical Emergencies If immediate life saving first aid or medical treatment is required, decontamination procedures shall be omitted. Outer garments can be removed as long as it does not delay giving the proper care or aggravate the condition. Grossly contaminated clothing should be removed carefully, because clothing can transfer contaminants to people administering first aid. If the outer garments cannot be safely removed, the individual will be wrapped in plastic, rubber, or blankets to help prevent the spread of contamination to emergency personnel. On-Site personnel will accompany contaminated victims to the medical facility to advise on matters involving decontamination. ETG Environmental, Inc I BF A Environmental Consultants so Final March 2000 Health & Safety Plan Warren County PCB Landfill 9.0 EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN A separate stand-alone Emergency Response Plan has been developed for the project and should be implemented incase of emergency. The Emergency Response Plan describes: Pre Emergency Planning Personnel Roles and Line of Authority and Communication Evacuation Routes and Procedures Emergency Spill Response Procedures and Equipment Medical Emergency Contingency Measures Fire Contingency Measures Hazardous Weather Contingency Measures Spill/Release Contingency Measures For ease of reference the Emergency Telephone Numbers and Contacts from the Emergency Response Plan are included herein, along with a map showing the location of Maria Parham Hospital, local fire department, Warren County Sheriff Station and Warren County Emergency Management Services (EMS). ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 5 1 Final March 2000 Health & Safety Plan Warren County PCB Landfill Table 9.1 Warren County PCB Landfill Detoxification Project Emergency Telephone Numbers Local Agencies Warrentown Rural Country Fire Department Police (Warren County Sheriff) Warren County EMS -Ambulance Service/Paramedics Hospital -Maria Parham Hospital -566 Ruin Creek Rd. Henderson, North Carolina Directions: Leave site by main gate. Tum right onto SR 1604 (Limertown Rd). Proceed 2.0 miles, at stop sign tum right onto US 401 and travel north toward Warrentown. Travel 3.4 miles to Warrentown, at traffic light tum left onto Franklin Street (SR I 00 I). (Franklin St. becomes Martin Luther King Dr. in Warren County and becomes Warrentown Road in Vance County). Travel 12.1 miles toward Henderson. At stop sign tum left to continue on SR 1001 to Henderson. Travel 1.7 miles to traffic light and tum left onto business US I-Highway 158. Travel 0.8 miles at traffic light tum right onto ramp 1-85 South. Travel 3.5 miles to exit 212 for Ruin Creek Road. Tum right at end of exit ramp and then immediately left. Hospital sign indicates direction to emergency room. Total driving distance 23.5 miles, driving time 30 to 40 minutes. County Hazmat Response NCDENR Division of Waste Management North Carolina Department of Environmental North Carolina Division of Emergency Management Hazardous Materials Emergency Response Center Poison Control Center National Response Center Center for Disease Control CHEMTREC Oil Spill Hotline Prime Contractor Office 24-hour number/contact Project Safety Manager Site Safety Manager Site Manager Project Manager Key Subcontractor(s) Office 24-hour number/contact Project Safety Manager Site Safety Manager ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 52 911 or 252-257-3104 911 or 252-257-3364 9 I I or 252-257-26 I 6 252-438-4143 911 or 252-257-3456 919-733-4996 ext. 308 919-733-2314 919-733-3867 800-564-7577 800-848-6946 800-424-8802 404-488-4100 800-424-9300 404-562-8700 To be provided To be provided Final March 2000 \ ~ .,,,.~~'c,-;;~ . --.-} I ; r----; / //v' __./ / I I _, ·--•· I ,~1 "'J,i ... ---/ I ( \ l \ \ \ '· l .-. r-, -i l --, -____ ,,,>...:J---l ··1· ,._ .. ,--·-._ _ __.! ·,\ ,, .. ___ ,, .. , / / I _;--, /••·, ,-• " I • 1 /~ -__, ,,, / ----\_ .warren PlaiHS ) ( / r/ ~;/' 1 ✓-I I _ _.,,--1 / 104 College St / /. ( Warrenton, NC 27589 129 E Market St Warrenton, NC 27589 , J / / __ , 4 ·----L, r' , \ ! ' : ,,,--._,: \ Adcock Crossroads . --, \ .. '""· k. ~ auliter Crossroad\ 0 ' \ I . \ \,-"\,,\ -,\ .Cokesbury l \ 1. '--.,. .... ( ~ \ ; '. ,,• Vicksbo?o·--, ,.../ . ... ...... ,..-'\ \ I, i \ ) ~ 1-----..L I ----. ,.--l , / ., r _ . ..--~\ I ' fton .,--~----,.... j'·,., ..J ( ··-,_,..,-V'7 . l•L_ .Parktown I / I "'i \ 1148] _,,------·./'-._.\ L7 I \,_,, .,..._._ ..... -... ,, ( '--, _,.,...-, . ._.., \j \ L _r----, I' __, i ~, ..... ___ .,,,.--· J __./ C:\D'fG\-1040\~-l,W) ' ·, /'--~ ;-,-s---\ .t I ', Gi!!!Jurg-.1 1 \ .. \ ! \ ( .... --·' ' II!!.-~ ETG ENVIRONMENTAL, INC. ... W 16 Hageriy Blvd., Wnt Chester PA 19382•(610)431-9100 l, ; I \,,-,,~ .. , '--.; ,,-·1 .,.-' .. ,, , ___ / \ 0ml 2 4 EMERGENCY FACILITIES MAP WARREN COUNTY PCB LANDFILL 8 \,, · .. " \ ___ Liberia ·-"-----, ',\\ \ 6 . \ '\_.,,,-L---..... _ ... DRAWING 011 Health & Safety Plan Warren County PCB Landfill 10.0 RESPIRATORY PROTECTION PROCEDURES The following subsections define standard operating procedures for air purifying respirators, self-contained breathing apparatus, and supplied air respirators. All types of respiratory protection shall be utilized according to the manufacturer recommendations. Respiratory protection will be worn in all EZ and CRZ areas as required by the task. Any deviation from or non-adherence to respirator requirements will result in removal from such area followed by disciplinary action. IO.I Air-Purifying Respirators (APR) Respiratory Protection -Full face APR, equipped with organic vapor, P-100 chemical cartridge, or equivalent (NIOSH approved). NOTE: Half face respirators may be used, if it is determined that visual acuity is of more concern than respiratory protection. APRs in daily use shall be cleaned and disinfected at least daily. When respirators are used occasionally or when they are in storage, the cleaning interval is weekly or monthly, as appropriate. 10.l.l Daily Cleaning Procedure The steps to be followed for cleaning and disinfecting daily are as follows: Respirator Disassembly -Respirators are taken to a clean location where the filters, cartridges or canisters will be removed. For a thorough cleaning, inhalation and exhalation valves, speaking diaphragm and any hoses should be removed. Cleaning -In most instances, an appropriate cleaning and disinfecting solution is dissolved in warm water in an appropriate tub. Using gloves, the respirator is placed in the tub and swirled for a few moments. A soft brush may be used to facilitate cleaning. Rinsing -The cleaned respirators are rinsed thoroughly in water to remove all traces of detergent and disinfectant. This is very important for preventing dermatitis. Disinfecting-The rinsed respirator should be placed in a IO to I water/bleach solution, allow the respirator to be completely covered with the bleach solution, and remove promptly. Drying -The respirators may be allowed to air dry in clean area. They may be hung upside down like drying clothes, but care must be taken not to damage or distort the face pieces. Re-assembly and Inspection -The clean, dry respirator face-piece should be re-assembled and inspected in an area separate from the disassembly area to avoid cross-contamination. Special emphasis should be given to inspecting the respirators for detergent or soap residue left by inadequate rinsing. This problem appears most often under the seat of the exhalation valve were it can cause the valves to leak or stick. 10.1.2 After Routine Use in Exclusion Zone The steps for cleaning and disinfecting in the field are as follows: • The mask should be washed/rinsed with a disinfecting solution, dried using paper towels and placed in an appropriate storage container, such as a poly-lined plastic container. ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 54 Final March 2000 Health & Safety Plan Warren County PCB Landfill 10.1.3 APR Inspection and Checkouts 1. Visually inspect the entire APR unit for any obvious damages, defects or deteriorated rubber. 2. Make sure that the face-piece harness is not damaged. The serrated portion of the harness can fragment which will prevent proper face seal adjustment. 3. Inspect lens for damage and proper seal in face-piece. 4. Exhalation Valve -check valve for debris or for tears in the neoprene valve (which could cause leakage). 5. Inhalation Valves (two) -screw off cartridges/canisters and visually inspect neoprene valves for tears or defonnation. Make sure that the inhalation valves and cartridge receptacle gaskets are in place. 6. Make sure the speaking diaphragm retainer ring is hand tight. 7. Make sure that you have the correct cartridge. 8. Don respirator and perfonn negative/positive pressure test. 10.1.4 Storage of Air Purifying Respirators OSHA requires that respirators be stored to protect against: • Dust; • Sunlight; • Heat; • Extreme cold; • Excessive moisture; • Damaging chemicals; and • Mechanical damage. Storage of respirators should be in a clean, secure area, which minimizes the chance for contamination or unsanitary conditions. 10.2 Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA's) and Supplied Air Respirators (SAR's) Positive pressure demand, full face-piece self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA), or pressure demand supplied-air respirator (SAR), with escape SCBA (NIOSH approved) will be used when the highest level of respiratory protection is needed, Level A or B. SCBA face pieces will be cleaned and disinfected at least daily. When respirators are used only occasionally or when they are in storage, the cleaning interval is weekly or monthly, as appropriate. SCBA backpack/harness assembly should be kept in a clean, dry and secure area. The SCBA's backpack/harness assembly must be decontaminated before leaving the CRZ. ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 55 Final March 2000 Health & Safety Plan Warren County PCB Landfill 10.2.1 Daily Cleaning Procedures The steps to be followed for cleaning and disinfecting daily are as follows: Respirator Disassembly -Respirators are taken to a clean location where inhalation and exhalation valves, speaking diaphragm, and any hoses are removed. Cleaning -The appropriate cleaning and disinfecting solution is used, and is dissolved in an appropriate tub filled with warm water. The respirator is then placed in the tub and swirled for a few moments. A soft brush may be used to facilitate cleaning. Rinsing -The cleaned and disinfected respirators are rinsed thoroughly in water to remove all traces of detergent and disinfectant. This is very important for preventing dermatitis. Drying -The respirators may be allowed to dry in a clean area on a clean surface. They may also be hung upside down, but care must be taken not to damage or distort the face pieces. Disinfecting-The rinsed respirator should be placed in a 10 to I water/bleach solution allow the respirator to be completely covered with the bleach solution, and remove promptly. Re-assembly and Inspection -The clean, dry respirator face-piece should be re-assembled and inspected in an area separate from the disassembly area to avoid contamination. Special emphasis should be given to inspecting the respirators for detergent or soap residue left by inadequate rinsing which can cause valve leakage or sticking. 10.2.2 After Routine Use in Exclusion Zone The steps to be followed for cleaning and disinfecting in the field are as follows: The mask should be washed and rinsed with a disinfecting solution, dried with paper towels and placed in an appropriate container, such as a poly-lined plastic pail, with a lid. 10.2.3 SCBA Inspection and Checkouts Monthly Inspection I. Check cylinder label for current hydrostatic test date. 2. Inspect cylinder for large dents or gouges. 3. Check presence of cylinder lock. 4. Inspect cylinder gauge for damage. 5. Complete full checkout procedure. 6. Fill out the appropriate records with results and recommendations. Routine Inspection I. Immediately prior to donning. 2. Prior to storage, after cleaning and sanitation. 3. Follow the complete procedure. ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 56 Final March 2000 Health & Safety Plan Warren County PCB Landfill Complete SCBA Inspection Procedure I. Before proceeding, check that the: • High-pressure hose connector is tight on cylinder fitting. • By-pass valve is closed. • Mainline valve is closed. • Regulator outlet is not covered or obstructed. 2. Backpack and harness assembly: • Visually inspect straps for wear, damage and completeness. • Check wear and function of belt. • Check backplate and cylinder holder for damage. 3. Cylinder and high pressure hose assembly: 4. • Check cylinder to assure that it is firmly attached to back-plate. • Open cylinder valve: listen or feel for leakage around packing and hose connection. • Check high pressure hose. Regulator: ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Cover regulator outlet with palm of hand. Open mainline valve. Note stoppage of airflow after positive pressure builds. Close mainline valve. Remove hand from regulator outlet. Open by-pass valve slowly to assure proper function. Close by-pass valve. Cover regulator outlet again with palm of hand. Open mainline valve. Note pressure reading on regulator gauge. Close cylinder valve while keeping hand over regulator. Slowly remove hand from outlet and allow air to flow . Note pressure when low-pressure warning alarm sounds; it should be between 550 -650 psi, or as specified by the manufacturer. Remove hand from regulator outlet. Close mainline valve. Check regulator for leaks: blowing air into regulator for 5-10 seconds. Draw air from outlet for 5-10 seconds. !fa positive pressure or vacuum cannot be maintained, there is a leak. DO NOT USE THIS SCBA. 5. Face piece and corrugated breathing hose: ✓ Inspect head harness and Face piece for damage, serration, and deteriorated rubber. ✓ Inspect lens for damage and proper seal in Face piece. ✓ Inspect exhalation valve for damage and dirt build-up. ✓ Stretch breathing hose and carefully inspect for holes and deterioration. ✓ Inspect connector for damage and presence of washer. ✓ Perform negative pressure test with Face piece donned. ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 57 Final March 2000 Health & Safety Plan Warren County PCB Landfill 6. Storage: ✓ Refill cylinder to rated and tested pressure. ✓ Close cylinder valve. ✓ Tightly connect high-pressure hose to cylinder. ✓ Bleed pressure from high-pressure hose by opening mainline valve. ✓ Close by-pass valve. ✓ Close mainline valve. ✓ Fully extend all straps. ✓ Store Face piece in a clean plastic bag for protection. 10.2.4 Storage of SCBA's OSHA requires that respirators be stored to protect against: • Dust • Sunlight • Heat • Extreme Cold • Excessive Moisture • Damaging Chemicals • Mechanical damage Storage of respirators should be in a clean, secure area, which mmumzes the chance for contamination or unsanitary conditions. ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 58 Final March 2000 Health & Safety Plan Warren County PCB Landfill 11.0 PERSONNEL TRAINING AND MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE PROGRAM All employees who perfonn operations shall meet all of the requirements identified within the HASP. Prior to working on site, personnel shall receive site specific training from the HSO. All new employees will receive appropriate training for their respective position. Employees will not be permitted to perfonn work unsupervised until competency with system components is demonstrated and approved by an experienced/authorized employee. All training shall be documented and maintained on site. Documentation will be provided to the corporate office. Medical monitoring programs are designed to track the physical condition of employees on a regular basis and survey pre-employment or baseline conditions prior to potential exposures. All personnel that may enter the CRZ or EZ shall provide proof of their physical and fit-for-duty and able to wear respiratory protection documentation. The questionnaire in 1910.134 shall be provided to the Licensed Health Care Professional approving employees to use respirators. 1 I.I Baseline or Pre-assignment Medical Monitoring Prior to being assigned to a hazardous or potentially hazardous act1v1ty involving exposure to toxic materials, each employee must receive a pre-assignment or baseline physical. The contents of the physical are to be determined by a medical consultant, and shall include the elements in 29 CFR 191 0. l 20(t). The examining physician must be given a copy of the description of duties and expected exposures. The minimum medical monitoring requirements for work at the site are as follows: • Complete medical and work histories • Physical examination • Pulmonary function tests • Chest X-ray (every 2 years or as recommended by physician) • EKG • Eye examination and visual acuity • Audiometry • Urinalysis • Blood chemistry, including hematology, serum analysis • PCB screen • Heavy Metal Screen (as needed) Only those employees determined by the pre-assignment physical as fit-for-duty and able to wear respiratory protection or currently enrolled in a medical monitoring program meeting the requirements of Section 11 . l will be allowed to work in the CRZ or EZ. Each employee shall be provided with a written narrative of the results from the examination. Employees will be required to provide proof of current respirator certification. If respirator certification is not current and/or different brands (different from employees current certification) of respirators are being used, those employees will be fit tested by the HSO. All certifications will be kept on-site with a copy forwarded to CHSO. Medical records shall be maintained as per 1910.20. 11.2 Exit Examinations All personnel that have entered the CRZ or EZ during this project, and are enrolled in an annual medical program, will be provided an exit physical at the conclusion of their employment in the project. ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 59 Final March 2000 Health & Safety Plan Warren County PCB Landfill 11.3 Frequency of Medical Monitoring Frequency of medical monitoring shall be done in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.120 (t) (3) and 1910.134. Employees shall undergo a medical examination prior to the job assignment and at least every twelve months unless the attending physician believes a longer interval is appropriate, at termination of employment or re-assignment to an area where the employee would not be covered if the employee has not had an examination in the last six months, as soon as possible upon notification by an employee that they have developed signs or symptoms indicating possible overexposure, or at more frequent times if the examining physician determines that an increased frequency of examination is medically necessary. 11.4 Drug and Alcohol Policy The Contractor will be required to have and implement a Drug and Alcohol Policy. The Contractor must be committed to maintain a work environment free from illegal drugs use and alcohol use. An example of an acceptable drug and alcohol policy is included as Appendix XIII. ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 60 Final March 2000 Health & Safety Plan Warren County PCB Landfill 12.0 HEARING CONSERVATION PROGRAM Noise levels during the project cannot be detennined until the work is actually underway. In anticipation of some exposures in excess of the 85-d-BA action level, all employees who will be working in or near heavy equipment shall be given baseline audiometric examinations as part of the medical surveillance program. Audiometric examinations shall be repeated annually for all employees exposed over 85 dB-A, 8-hour, TWA and the results compared to the base line audiogram results. If a threshold shift as defined in 29 CFR 1910.95 (g) (I 0) has occurred, the employee shall be notified in writing and shall be required to wear Hearing Protection Devices (HPD), in all noise areas over 85 dB-A. Noise level monitoring shall be perfonned using sound level meters and personal noise dosimeters as needed and detennined by the project CHSO or HSO. Employees working in areas where time weighted average noise exposures exceed 85 dB-A, shall be notified of the results of the monitoring and shall be required to wear HPD with sufficient noise reduction ratings (NRR) when noise levels exceed 90 d-BA. Training in the recognition of high noise areas, the concerns of OSHA Hearing Conversation Program, the effect of noise on hearing, the purpose and an explanation of audiometric examinations and the proper selection, use, care and attenuation of the various types of hearing protection devices shall be presented as part of the initial training. ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 61 Final March 2000 Health & Safety Plan Warren County PCB Landfill 13.0 LOGS, REPORTS, AND RECORD KEEPING The following logs, reports, and records shall be developed and maintained on site and available for review to approving authorities upon request. • Training Logs (site-specific and visitors) and notices to workers. • Daily Safety Inspection Logs (may be part of the Daily QC report). • Equipment O & M Manuals and records. • Process Monitoring Reports. • Employee, Visitor Register. • Environmental and personal exposure monitoring/sampling results. Copies of the following items shall be kept in each employee file: • Training certificate for 40-hour training, and 8-hour refresher (if required) • Medical certifications/fit for duty forms only • Personal air sampling results • Respirator fit test record • Incident reports involving employee • Other items as necessary Medical records shall be maintained on site, in a locked area, as well as in the employer's office for their employees. All exposure sampling results shall be maintained by the HSO and reviewed periodically by the CHSO. In addition, results of air sampling shall be reviewed at the project management meetings. Any equipment maintenance records shall be maintained by the SM and kept in a file in his office. All air sampling and medical information shall be managed in accordance with OSHA 1910.20, access to medical records. All air sampling results shall be available from the HSO upon request by employees. ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 62 Final March 2000 Health & Safety Plan Warren County PCB Landfill 14.0 ACCIDENT AND INJURY REPORTING All injuries, accidents and first aid (including minor scratches) must be reported to the HSO. All incidents will be logged on the "Health and Safety Log". The employee's supervisor or crew foreman is responsible for completing an Incident Investigation Report Form and submitting this to the HSO. Project management personnel will receive copies of all Incident Investigation Report Form 's within 24 hours and may view the Health and Safety Log upon request. All Incident Investigation Report's will be forwarded within 24 hours to the CHSO. For multiple employee injuries and or death, verbal notification, of the Vice President of Operations, Project Manager and Corporate Health and Safety Supervisor, is mandatory no more than four hours from the time the incident was reported. All reports will be kept in a master file as well as a copy placed in the affected employee's on-site medical records file. The cause of the incident will be reviewed, and if time permits, the appropriate corrective measures to reduce the possibility of similar incidents in the future shall be discussed with the senior member of each contractor or agency prior to implementation. Copies of all incident reports will be submitted to the SM for review. All accidents and incidents shall be followed up with a discussion of the causes and corrective actions taken during the next safety meeting. ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 63 Final March 2000 Health & Safety Plan Warren County PCB Landfill 15.0 HAZARD COMMUNICATION PROGRAM The OSHA Hazard Communication Rule, for construction, 29 CFR 1926.59, requires that the preparation of a written hazard communication program and training on its contents for all exposed employees. Although other training exercises shall address the nature of various hazardous materials, the standard requires review of the following items and they shall be addressed in the 40-hour training program: • Specific requirements of the law and regulations. • Nature of all hazardous substances in the work place (i.e. compressed gases, fuels, etc.) • Protection from hazards. • Access to information through Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) and labels. • Employee rights under the rule. A MSDS is required for all hazardous materials brought onto Site pursuant to 29 CFR 1926.59. Any material that falls under an exemption to 29 CFR 1926.59 shall not require an MSDS on this project Site. However, health and safety information shall be provided for materials for which an MSDS is not required. MSDS(s) shall be kept by the HSO and shall be available to all employees working on the Site. Appendix XII shall contains a partial list of chemical profiles and MSDS(s) pertinent to this project. The Contractor shall provide a comprehensive package with their HASP. If any material presents special hazards or hazards which the Site workers have not been trained, the MSDS(s) for these materials shall be reviewed at a safety meeting. All contractors and subcontractors shall be informed of this requirement at the time they are engaged to work on this project. All containers must be labeled in accordance with OSHA. No employee is to remove or deface any label on any container. If labels are inadvertently removed an appropriate hazard warning and the identity of the contents shall be affixed to the container. All employees will be trained on hazard recognition and label interpretation as well as understanding the contents of MSDS(s) during the initial training provided to all employees, including subcontractors, who will be entering the Site. All MSDS(s) shall be transmitted via written correspondence to all site contractors. All contractors shall submit to prime contractor copies ofMSDS(s) for materials used on-site. ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 64 Final March 2000 APPENDIX I PCB Waste Disposal Site, Warren County As Built Drawings • I APPENDIX I PCB Waste Disposal Site, Warren County As Built Drawings /' 1 -, NORTH CAROLINA ;;DEPARTMENT OF CRIME CONTROL AND PUBLIC SAFETY / ,. . " . P C B WASTE D•f )I •OSAL SITE , WARREN COUNTY INDEX OF DRAWINGS SHEET NO. I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 TITLE COVER SHEET LOCATION AND SITE MAP GENERAL PLAN AND BORING LOCATIONS LOGS OF BORINGS SITE GRADING AND EROSION CONTROL PLAN FlNAL GRADING PLAN CARBON FILTER SYSTEM MISC. DETAILS CROSS SECTIONS Burley a Mltchell,Jr: Sec~lary ITEM=llll-1990 CODE:14900 AS BUil T PLANS Sverdrup Sverdrup & Parcel ENGINEERS -ARCHITECTS -CONSTRUCTION MANAGERS GREENSBORO, N.C. . . .,.~-c ... ;;;-,-.. .... , .... ~ "-1,', (~ ~) ~, ·' .... .!'!...!.,_!..., .... ~_,..c. ~ *~--~~ /' 9 I' . I ! i-1 Ii ii I' : I Ii I 1 ~~ I I i I ! 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SAO.CJNG ~ . ·' INLET PIP!:: SCALE·NONE ---►at••"LINE TO HOLDING PONO LENGTH TO SV!T NOTE• CARBON FILTER SYSTEM LEF'T 111 PLACE AT CLCSE OUT FOR STATE USf.. ' 1-···--·-------:er:-: I lz,,-ez I All llJLT ~•ING:s .,.,O&ftf ........ ,-·,--, /· OEPARTIIEMT a" CRIIIE C(J(TI!Q. AHO PJSU: SAFETY•. L; PCB WASTE I)(SP'OSAL sm ..• : ::.'°.; ·., _,.,.,...cou,rrrNCRTl4 CA/tOUCl •· . , . ...; . '. ·< ;:: ~ ~ -1-. · cAREia.'~~ :srs:rE~ :. / · ,v ~~Ci~._: •. . • . . • •. -.,. _,; ... ,.·· ·•( . · • .--,.... '· -· . sveR;~u~~~-PA~~~L. · · ·. ,-,_ . .-:,:h ENOINEEM-AJIOCIT1:CTS-c0Hsnn.,c:noN lol.UC-IG--~ ~ .J~_./4'.,e~ Glnl&NaaoM). llC.-1'" • . . ; ' _...... .. r-~ ~ ..... ->U<A· NOTED ,_ .. ,_ FOS I-FBI'· -· cg.1JurJri~ ....!':12~11 ~-~ I , a z ~I • I .,,, ,------~ o, EXCAVATION TEMPORARY ANO-IOR TRENCH DETAIL (USED DURING CONSTRUCTION) '_,;· EACH DIRECTION SCHEDULE PVC PIPE ~;tf~ITE. -,:J 1' ELEV. 90TTOII ELEY. \2 290 281 281 291 ~-..... , I.INER ,l L.f.NDFlLL . )'. SEE FINAL GRADNO -Pl.All FOIi SLOP£ ~ PCB COH"lllMINAttD SOIL -z____,, Z Q'Y. SLQP£ • S\JBGRAOE TYPICAL SECTION THRU LANDFlLL • EB HEIGHT Of' LINER BOOT TO BE------, OETERMNED BY IMNUFACTURE!l • SEOJRE WfTH STAINLESS STEEL cu-.. ~ LINER ,:\.~\,~ ''=~ STEEL S::REEN 6°CONC. SL.l!S 12500 PSI) WITH ••• •·t.w. o" ••••• ,. WWJI. NOTES I. PL~CE IN HIGH POINT OF LANDFILL. z ,,. 0 tn'PER_LE'.ACHATE CDu.tCTION SYSTEM 30 MIL PVC BOTTOM LINER LOWER 1.£.lCHATE CCU.ECTION SYSTEM '-Of' I.EACHATE REMOVAL PIPES (LOCATED IN N.E. CORNE.RI-SEE OE.TAIL BELOW LEGEND ~ TOPSOI. c::::z::zz:z, CJ.. ll.Y SUM TOP LINER TO IIOTTOM LINl'l'l z::::::==:::i SANO FOR 1.EACHATE C:U.EC710N STS'TEMS ~ f' I L L ~ Gl"AVEL ' i I -! I I .. 2. PROVOE 12· !" DIA. HOLES IN BOTTOM 5 FEET. 2'11 SCHEOULE 40 CS PIPE WELD TO PLATE ANO CAST IH CONCRETE SLU. 17LL WITH CONCRETE ANO PAINT WHITL LOC-lTE /. T .-U FOUR ctl'INERS 01' U~E.11 SU.S. CONC. SU.II (Z~ P'SI MIN.I ♦ 4 l"Ew. GROUT MOOITORING WELL DETAIL 4"SC>-£0lU 40 PVC PPE_ rl 01,. ~ ~ (2 PER ROW• 12" CENTERS GAS VENT DETAIL r-o· loaH. SE.At ~ 6'SCHEOULE ~ PVC PFt:; SANO STEE'-SCREE"I '\. I' 1 LT GRAVEL N AtTE~\\ 'VAB STANDARD~ DOT ---!'I.BRIC ztPraM . } "' ~ OVER ~• AHO R?~W.T!: 6" • 1 USED -PACT W1 FOR LINER TH CLAY I • I I_ - - - - --- -j ----STAINLESS FlNAL GRO...NO I.EVEL PVC CAP WIT'H RE'TAINER CIUIN HEIGHT OF LINER 9()0T "TU• BE OETERM!'jEQ 8Y MANlr R>CTLRER· SEC\.flE Win< STAJNLESS STEEL~ WITH♦ 4• 6"E.W DR 9d14/4 P'..AC! PIPE ON SIOE &..OPf: ' I t l .:.1 IS016\39"t. / ~ .• --· -__ .. .. ,._ ,,. I ... ~ ; -0 OEF'M~ ~ OlME CQIITI!Cl. AHO Pl.l!LC SAf'£!Y •. '. PC 8 .s'TE DISPOSM. Sil£ r· .-f. · .~.-. • ~ CJJQt'-wClfTM CM(I..J&A :',;_.;~,../·"' ~~: ,;.. • I-. ..._, ·,;, • :.:L _, --., : MISC: OETAn..S-. ~://·f_;_--;:, . ' _: .'/ . -~~-:_.;_,:•._i. . -·· . , . •.-~ do~ SVERDRUP I PARCEL I . , INGIN11f\1-AII04JTICTS-CONSTII~ M,ULIQEM , . .; Oll!Vd80AO. NC. , , .• <. LEACHATE COLLECTION SUMP AND PIPE DETAIL ti ktouiAtbl • ~OUIRED FOR UP~lt.LtACKATE CCLI..!:CTIO!I STSTE.11 ONL'T -•,~et . ~--•· :. ~~7~=-......._ NOi£._ -...J---•--:, 1Dl'-•t>RS: . 104mr.A.Wt. 1-Jurt.CEL -~-8/T/11 ,·,' ....... -/: •.:, . ....,f'_ . 'I ... ::.-~:-:. r: ~~ . -c! ~ ... ·--..,..,:. 1· I i I I i I Ii jl ; I ! ' ; a-I., -•O .,,.::, ,...;.,; != 360 350 3.a 330 320 310 !00 300 360 350 3•o 330 320 llO 300 300 350 3•0 330 3ZO 310 !00 ?,OQ = = . -· 250 . -,----, I ~ ,OW fY OCAVAT10N I I ! 200 150 100 50 0 50 100 l!,O 200 10163N 4--" l I I I I I I 90Il0"L Q_l'___D_<;_~v'_ATIO~ 200 l!>O co 50 0 50 IOO 150 200 10035 N ~ I I I / I I I "-.. _X-I ---,--, _____ I -1--l-~j__-1 · I I I 200 150 ICO 50 0 9925N . I I 50 100 150 200 2!!0 ·300 ~ 300 .' I 2~0 300 .. 350 340 330 320 r I 1 I 'I -. j,, I I I I j -I l I I I I 'I I I ' ~--1 i I ~ ~s I --I I --I . i /-r -' ' I r r ' ---~ ! . I I I I I I I I I j ' i :1 . . . . . I 300 2~ 200 l!,Q IOO 50 0 50 100 l!>O 200 250 300 10401 N 350 :Ho I Y \ :<x>0>01'?<?>,?,J::,,?,,?,::;j.000? / \k ! ~ PCB COHTAMINATE0 SOil - - - - --EXISTING c;RO\,HJ LP<E ' ·., I ···-----•·-c: 330 I ~r __ -~ I \ ~ t<?<?-k?-<01?-7 /: ::1r---~' -1~-1_· IL...--'~f I I I ',.. ' .·' . ::, " I I I , I I eal1ra .. oF IExcAvATlciN I ·. -~ 1; , · · CROSS sEcTro_Ns_ . ;_: • · ; .: t-+--+----+-+---!--_...c_J :, _,_' Mff -.,.,0-1 ·~ OEPARTl,£NT OF CRNE CONTROL ANO PIJBL!C SAFETY . PCS WASTE DISPOSAL Sm: ,_.-. ' . ~ CXIJJITT-,c,ml CMIOl..lHA • • 300 ' , . I ~ l:~,.., '•1--,;_ Elf01N&ll•~=~~~m. i 300 2~0 200 150 100 !,O O 50 IOO l50 zoo ~ , GIIEl!JCI-. M.C. -. . 10320N :·.:. •• -• · •. 1-· """'. · 1· I .•· I • ;:· ; ICM..f• I• ~ • .; · .:f--.<. /1 . .e.,..:___ · ,-:~ I~ ~ ·f , ·., •-·r;·-:i _l ,:;J ,._RSI I~ ,BR I·• · ·9. -c.H.a.1 ~-.,-.,., I . · .. HIX.DING PONO BOTTOII ELEY. 322' I , ,. Pu11p•2 !PORTABLE PUMP iSwBl if r:8rf,O IN EXISTNG SANO FILTER MAN ·GATE LOCISTIHG DRAIN LINE --------,-EMAL! l"tC. ADAP~-RAINBIRO O~ EOUAL FULL CIRCLE rf~R-~r-!i/~,~Po~i:i~KLER 95· fl CIRO-£, 7.3B G.1'11t. S 30P.~l i"X 31•" REDUCER SCK •o CARBON STEEL P!1'£ CONOIETE Pao (l'·o·x1'-o"X ,; % :i: . 0 .• EXISTING ~OIH) NOTE: Cootroetcr to ... E1trea"' C OUIIDII not to pv11clllre 1"" IOinll PVC IIIIK !lM fQR PftAINAG£; SCH. 40 P.V.C. PIPE• SOCKET JOINTS n ") SPRINKLr=-R DETAIL ( I = 4 EXISTING CARBON FILTER •• • .,--------340---~------___ ) I I I I I I I ' I I I I I I , . UPPER LEACHATE COLU:CTIDN SYSTEM ACCF.!S PIPE PUMP HOVSE·S" Sclle"'°tic Balow IPl""l'"ll .-·-------------------3SO-I - - -----3-40-----: 'I ----------------------EXISTING /SPRINKLER ~ GAS VENT CTYP.l / 1°1'41 H 3) (2) (i) / I I I 2 • SCH. <10 PVC PIP! I I I L 2"SCH.40 PVC PIPE ---~---~r------/, 111•sc1-t•o L1vz"sc1t•o Lt v2·sc1-t•o PVC PIP( PVC PIPE PVC PIPE I v•'SCH.•o PVC PIPE 1 ·scH.•o PVC PIPE 3~0 I I I I I I I I I I i --------_____________ ] _____________________ _ I ~ I ~ I J I ~ : . l I ! r-CHAIN LINK FENCE . : ·• _ _!. _____ ----r------------------3'40--------------------------------------) PLAN YIEW ( !"= 30') •••••• / PUMPHOUSE DOUBLE SWING GATE NQff: ,.OR DATA ON l'Ulln II!:! ... rcmCATIONI IN CKANQE OflDER 09 f ·1 ' 1.. p•1 ~~\CC.PRIME VALVE (' ./"" z• G.ATE VALVE AS-BUILT DRAWING OF CHANGE ORDER•g ' . "I -..------.---·-··--. ,---------------, I • : EXISTING FILTER , s-rsn:w . 2 • SCH.40 l'YC 0 I L---------------~ I.., I' .... l --1 .. 100 I -· 1-, . DEAUmllENT OF CRIME CDrTR0L NCJPJS.J: SAFETT. SCHEMATIC :PIAGRAHM <00 sc;aJel z•sc11.ao PVC PIP!-THREADED coNNECTtONs F 011 A LL JOINTS PCS WASTE DtSPOSAL SITE . . . ; • WAR!tl!:N C0JNTT, NOR'TM CAIIOUMA ' ' • · LEACHATE-PUMPING a SPRAY IRRIGATION SYSTEM-CHANGE ORDER NQ9 ... .. -. ~ ! .. SVERDRUP 6 PARCEL ENGINE£RS-AIICHlnC1'S-COMSTIIU<::nON M.u&&aEIIS OREENSBOIIO. ll~ .,..m,c,, --"' -~---ICOU.NQTED _,. .i...,. . ; 11 ~1 I ! i Ii !! : i Ii ! ) APPENDIX II Historical Soil Data E ·Attachment 1 October 19, ·1978 MEMO TO: Mr. Robert A. CartE1:,r FROM: Ray E. Kelling, L~boratory Section SUBJECT: PCB Results .:. Warren CoWJ.ty Test Cleanup Given below are the PCB results foT the Warren County Test Cle;muo taken on October 5, 1978. All results are qu2.!l~itated on tha PCS- Aroclor 1260. (1) A 170 ~/kg B 0.13 ~g/kg C <100 µg/kg & D Wa!:h down <0.77 µz/1 Special 1 " 2 II 3 Background 1 II 2. (2) 3.8 mr>/kc, "' 0 33 cig/kg 0.33 I?1g/kg 41µg/l (1) (2) (3) (l1) (5) 130 µg/kg 77 wg/kg 330 mg/kg <100 µg/kg <lCS µg/kg (3) 210 mg/kg 3liO ~/kg <190 µg/!<.g 150 µg/1 Storage Plla 290 m?,/!'..g 270 ~/kg 380 og/kg 210 m.,/ka 0 :::, 270 I!lg/kg (4) 41 n.g/k.g · <J.00 J!J/kg 75 J.tg,/J. . (5) 10-~g/kg 0.25 rng/1:g ~100 µg/ks 127 11g/l - JI M I 08 ,12,1999 10: 4 4 P. 1 a ENGINEERING-T STING-INSF'ECTION 3109 Sprl~g Fcre~t Road, Box 58069, Raleigh, Nq 7658-8069, Phone (919) 872·2680 : :1 : ; ;i I ; :1 , 1 Nover.,ber , 6'., 1982 , ,I I ;I I : :: : Sv rdr•lp end. Pa~cJ) end ~ssoclates, Irie, 221 W~t Meadow,vle'w Roa~ Sui e , ~ 4 , ! ;[, 1 : Gr ensloro, Nortr ; aroll!a 27407, Att ntlon: Mr. Frei , k R.a(ney 1{1.,J;.<_ I . , i, , renbe: MoistLrfu;! Cont~nt Profiles : ! ! f) CB ;t.a d fll I SI to . ; j 1 Afton, or-th tarotlna ._, j S & ME: Jo No • I O 5 1 -8 2-2 51 -A ; :; ! i j: !thlri th . d sposed soils. Four soils test p~rings · were dr fled at the coordln~te!; wlthl,n the landfill site, : j 8-1 :: N-103 10 E-9770 : ! 8-2 ,j N ... 10310 E-9830 B-3 ii N-10163 E--9800 8-LI :: N-100S0 E-9800 !; , t Sq!! ! ~est ~or! ngs we~e advanced t; depths of 18 to 25 feet bel w e exlstlr,g [furfac(i:e, Spilt-spoon sampling; In accordance with ASTM q-586, was lnlt!at~d at . depth of 5 feet In eac boring and c ntlnued at \.e ·ular lntervals !to:1the t rmlnatlon depth of each ~ rlng. . VlsuJ1 lescrl~tlons o; soll.s . . ; In the ar pr sented 9n IT the ~nclosed Test Boring ~ cords, co , tent arc pr~sel-Hed In tabular form and are p esented fu ctlo of depth. !f ! : : : ii i ; sell t st borings I n--slt moisture grap lcally as a Beca\,Jsf of th:e random nature of the PPB ladden sol ls which have be n paced In tha ijandfll,I, estimation of the degre11 of saturation s somewhat dlf, lcLll • Howev¢r y with the exception of samples i btalned from 1 • 5 to 20 .o foe an 23 to 2~.~i feet ln boring 8-2, 18,5 to 2q,o faet In borin 8-3, and 9. to O. S feet ln ;boring 8-LI, thQ soil samples ap:i:lear to be on t e order of 60 to 7 percent ; s~furatad. Soll samples obtc1lnod '.~r.om the depth · previously In lcat d appear , to ; be localized zonos which are n:e:ar saturation, J These wet zo : e~ re likely ;a t:csult _of r.ilnfall whlch occurred rat that partic lar level of fill rig r the:--.in:Ci4$lon of truck loads of soil th~[ were obtalne~ from wet I RAI.E:lGH,\QR~ENSBOR_O, ASHEVILLE, Wll.MINGTON. r-A.YET;E;~ILLE, ~HARi.OTTE, N [ . : SF\4RTANBURG, COLUMBIA, CHARLESTON, MVRT~f B!ACH. SC I " 'I FROM 9197153605 SOLID WASTE OIU 08.12.1999 10:45 Sver?~ p i) Parcel i, i~ssoc, i I Novern er 16, ! 1982 ! :i · : 1 Page• 2 li i. I ::-!. I i ; ; J! j l · aroas ·1ong, the road~a~. : i assist . ou In this pro). ct. ! If there are questions Q ncern!ng this please ant ct us at yoµ r conyenlence. : I i i !i : Verv. ~ ·our~I, I • :, JJ r ; ! I; ~-· ':.s ' I i'. i i . ~c~~~ , ~ Edward 8. Hear~, P.E. N. C, Reglstratlc n No, 9520 •: •• o • ~ • I . , ' nlty to raport, -- •, ■OIL 1, "'AUI\IA~ !NOINUIII C . P. 11 l l I l FROM 919?15~605 SOLID WASTE OIU Sve~d ' up · Nove er Page _ : ' i ,1 l'\J. P~rcal ~!Assoc. G; ,~s2 ! !l . ·, :i :1 MOIS1t'URE CONTENT I Boring : Dapth, Feet s-, '! 5,0 ii j: 8,5 ,I 1 3. S ;, • .\ i 8, S ii 23.5 j: !j ·' 8-2 ,: s.o ,, :I ,: 7,0 ,. '.I 9,0 ., ". a : i 13. O lj 1 5, 0 :j 1 7 I 0 :! 19,0 lj !; 20,'o I 21 • 0 q 23,0 ,, :i ii ,! ·' 8~3 5,0 7.0 9,0 11 , 0 I 13,0 ,s.o 17, 0 1 B. 5 8-4 5.0 7,0 9,0 , ,. 0 13.0 15,0 1 6, 5 I t ,• 08.12.1999 10:45 P, 12 RESULTS Contc!nt, .4 .9 • 9 .2 .o ,7 . 0 • 6 . • 4 • 4 • 4 l '9 ,, • 8 . 9 • 9 • 4 • 6 ~ .s • 2 ~ • 4 ~ • 3 • 9 ~ . , '7 • 2 • 0 • 3 I , i • 9 , • 6 ~ I , I l FR01'1 919?153605 SOL.IO WASTE OIU !\ I \ I I I ,, I I \ 5 , ,i I ,, i\ ·o ! j• ;\ ., !: :I 'I 5 :1 1 2 { ·-•· PROJECT '.., ;,,:B -:~~~!11 , ; i }e · 08,l2,l999 l 0: 4 6 ,,, PRILES ·' I NtS ITE MOISTURE CONTENT i I 8-3 ' 9 ... 4 ' I : l 15 25 c:: : I .., I ' I , l I : I I I 5 20 : I I , l ; :SOIL a MATERIAL ENGINEERS, INC RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLtNA \· 15 P. l 4 25 l ,., SCALE: As Shown .JOB NO: 051-82-251-A FROM 91971~~605 SOLID WASTE OIV ', .. ,, ,, ! I 08,12,1999 10:45 I N-S /:TE MOISTURE CONTENT PROF I ~rs 0 5 10 15 §.:1. ---·---~·--~l • 'I . ! · I :1 ;, ,, :\ ,, ;i ;\ ;I \l : ; 5 D 5 10 15 20 - I I . B•2 15 P. 1 3 25 .,__,.__ ___ ,,,,. 25 .. I i .--1.._._ __ .._ __ -+------ PROJECT PCB landfi11 Sit l .• ., 'i j :,1 ., . ; \ ~OIL a.MATERIAL ENGINEERS,[ C · :\ RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA : SCALE: I As Shown JOB NO: 051-82-251-A FROM 9197153685 SOLID WASTE OIU M' ,:,_.PTH 1 . I, N·o •. o ~ I 7, 6 II t ~5.0 Tan-Sr:pwn "ine io Me~i~ San~y SILT · 11 l i ji B rown-~ray l Fine I : Red-Brown-~ray Fine ;to: Medi um to Coarse S11~htly ~1ayey! Silty!SAND I :; Brown-f,ra,y; Fine i ' i . I l : !'. ; ii ., :, ' ,, : :1 '1 i I! ;---,i to Medium Silty SAND : :1 ' . ":! ' ' -1--~------~ I )1 ' ;i I i I ' Serine Terininated at 2\.01 ' I ;! i ,: . :1 : 'I "I BORING ANO ! AMPL.NG MEETS A$'1'M ; p-1~86 CORE ORILl.l!G Ml ET$ ASTM jD·Zll:S ~ PENEiRATION IS THE NUMBER OF B~S OF 140 LB. HAMMER " F"Al.L.JNG ~O I . RE~UIRE~ TO 01~4 IN, 1.0. SAMPLER I FT; !ia ~UNDI~T t~ECI SAMPLE : _y_ ~~~:_~ ~~~~-24HR. 08,1:!.1999 10:46 P. 15 ELEV. eP~~ETRATION-BLJ,.,s PER FT. 0 IP 20 30 40 6<~ 80 100 1 l. I j i : l l ! ! .TEST BORING RECORD BORINO NJ 8_·1 __ CATE ORlLED 11-3-a2 JOB NO. 82-251 Q. (/"Tf:'~I A I e'I.I lt..11:'C"OCI lt..l~ I i 'j F~OM 9197153605 SOLID WASTE OIU 08.12.1999 10146 P. 16 1 : ! ;i . • I 1' bE~ck1PTrO~ . 1, ELEV. ePENhRAT10N-s1.owl PER Fr. ·" •' 0 10 : 20 30 40 00 ~ 100 Gray-B~o~n F ne to Med~u~ S11g~t1y C1 ayey S\ND : : : .. . ., , O : ii i Brown-Re'.:! Fi1 e to ~edi~m jjlightly C 1 ay ey S ~ n dy S I ~ T : 1 : : . 0 i,-.....;....;.......:.~.;....,__,; ________ .i-. ____ _ Gray-Bro~n F 0 ne to Med~u~ Si lty SAND I .. i! ;1 I :; ,, ,: ' .o t-----+---+----~4---~---'l,ed-Gray;,-Bro,~n Fine to: M~1di um q1 ayey ·-,andy SL.T . ~-11 ; Gra,Y-Brown F ne to Me 1 u to C.oa rse Si ltv SAND ' : : .a i,..-,.."lf-o;..;.+iw--.-....... ..--~~i---+-,.--, Red-bray Bro•un Fi rie to; Me:di um $andy 5 rhvov. c; IT ; ii ; ' - Boring Term'iAated at 2~.i!1 1; ii ., I i\ : ;; .. !• ! ' i '. ' . . , I L I 1 ~ I :! ;: e1.. .j AND sAM°~LING MEETS ASTM lo-1~aa CORE DRILLING ~E:Ei ~ ASTM . 0•~11!: i ' !' PENETRATION IS !rHE ~ UMBER ,O.F.. Ell~S \ OF 1401..6. HAMMER fALl..lNG ~O IN. ~EQUI+: TO DRIVE· 1.4 ilN, 1.0. SAMPLE.~ I FT. -UN01STU'R8' 0 SA E ~ ;ATER TA8LE-?4HR, • I .. l --- j r -! I i • 7! G 1 ea : i l i I i - ' -+~ST BORING RECORD l BORING NO. ---8--2---DATE DRILUO ll•:3·B2 JOB NO. 82-251 f"\11 0 . l I A j,,j~l""II A I J FROM 919?153605 SOLID WASTE DIU ''I, Red-Browr'. Tan-Browr Fin~ to Medi Um td 1 ty SAND I ' . - I : :! I I ; :\ 'I .I ;! :, : ii ; Brown-Rec Fin~ to Medi Um ~il ty Sandy (j CLAY : II Red-Gray-:13 rown F'ine to 1M_ e] .. i um S~ndy Clayey SI .. T , ,i , oi.----..-.-.:~--~~.-.----~ Gray-Brow, Fite to Medi~m ! [silty 'SAND J I ;i :I , ;I ' I . i d i ·1 ---..... -i,-.. -..,ori nq Te'~minc ted at j lj i ii : ! : I . •j I . ii I lj , i l ~ING AND SAMPL NG MEETS. ASTM 0il5B~ RE O~ILLlNG M~£iS ASTM · 0·211~ ) \ NETRATION IS T} E NUJ~BER OF· BLOWS '¢~ 140 LB. HAMMER LLINO ~O IN. F{E ~UlREI) TO ORIVE 1.4 11-1,. I. D. SAMF'L£R I FT. IIUNDISiURBe:0 sAM~i;. · _ '. wl~i::R. iABL~-24HR. 09.12,1999 10:4? p. 1 7 ELEV. 0 ePEN~JRATION-BLOWS PER FT. I I O ! 20 30 40 60 E O 100 I I I I I I - l---~~'-+1--1-~..;.,..+i,1_, ·-! ~ - rtsr BORING ~ECORD BORINGNO. ~ DATE ORILLED ll-J-S2 J09 NO. 182-251 FROM 919?153605 SOLID WASTE DIV ,·' ;,Q : . 7 . 5 Brown Fi ,e tc Medium t~ do, arse s, i 1 ty SANO !i ; Brown-Rec i I I : I I 1: ! d ,I !i ' I l i ' ,i ! I to Medi~m ~andy ~LAY . ' i I !: ·I :j I ' I I ;i ., ., := •' : ii .. o ..----.---i-• --oi~-----' --- Boring TermiMted at l~.O: ' I l l i ! I :, : !j ,r 'G ANO SAM? ING ~ EE"l'.S ASTM ~-15:Js : :)RILLING ~ EEiS· ASTM 0•211'3 ; I ,'ENETRATION IS i HE N:\MBER-Of. .Bl.~$ (,r 140 LS. HAMMER rALLING 30 IN. RI OUIR~O T'O ORIVE ii.II ~!-1. 1.0. SAMP!..ER I FT. -UNDISTI.IRSEtl s±E . -=:;:-J ,TER TA81.E-24HR, uJ ¾ ~·ocx 'CO~E R~ ERY ·-:::.-,~~TER TABl.E-1 HR, ""\ I I . I ! 08.12.1999 1014? P IS ELEY. 0 I I ePEN~-~RATION-BLOW~ PER FT. I 1 o 1 20 ~o 40 so 1~ 100 _J j-~2 ,; I ., 8 I ; I i ! I : - - T~ST SORING RECORD ' : I SORING NO. .,;;B_-_4 __ ! DATE ORILLEl1 11•3•82 . ! JOB NO. 82• 251 SOIL a MA1tRIAL ENGINE:ERS, INC .. . l PHYSICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF PCB CONTAMINATED SOILS IN WARREN! COUNTY Physical Properties of Landfill Contents -Standard Soil Test Soil Cfass HM% WN CEC 85% Ac pH P-1 K-1 Ca¾ Mg¾ Mn-I Zn-I Cu-I Min 0.1 0.96 1.2 69 0-4 5.4 011 18 38.2 24.4 90 146 60 , . ~~~ ' ' ~,t,,c.a•c, t a,,.,. • I~ ~Ll ~ It, :REMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF PCB CONTA.~ATED SOILS IN WARREN COUNTY .. t:Chemic~JJJdentifjc2tio'h'\~:::Goriceotration;\)I(@Ftf PCB (all congeners) Average 350 ppm (Range 1 s, to 880) Chlorobenzene 60 ppb 1,3 o:-chlorobenzene 23.9 ppb 1,4 Di-chlorobenzene 48 ppb Arsenic 2 ppm❖ Barium 23 ppm ❖ Chromium 12 ppm ❖ Lead 35 ppm ❖ ❖ TCLP results did not exceed standards. I ·• g ID ·O· ~-/J~r,-11 ()-I-~.;-~ ~ ..... J+../1-J. A/"•' 21 I Y?? ASlV" .•. D"'248r . ASTlil"" . ·022W· · Wan-eA County° PCB Landfi_ll Test RE Summary -. . . ·ASTMOt587'; 0293'1" · · · ·· ASTM 0-'112" ASlM. ·ASTM AS'TM .. •· 0'20C; .. ASTlitO 4318" DOSt-··D-2974···· ... -o!li64-:-· · ~ .. C ::, " ~ oJ: "' .. u I, a cs w . . ---~---· --Sanpla.-. ---·---····Iype.d. ~. io Depnr, 1t . Ca-tailer ...Qiss...___ ltisbl!lJ -~·-~---~---~ . _liP.:{_ ____ l"fastic _____ ~---~---·Q_g_a·~--~....... u fic:morr-O:nerl.;-'Xi ·pcf pd · f.t. % 6200. % Linl.lL liM. PL -~ Pl ~ Content.% mwec u; a r w.B=f SF2 ~ Kb& -0 : Cap ST-3 2--4 Ttb= OI ST-4 2--4 Tt.00 CH CH ... -·-····----··· .. ·--··-·--·-· ·-·-·--··-····-. --> B--! 0 ST-6 ◄-6 Twc SM ol.F ST-7·-6-3 T\lle-:, SM--:;: ST-12 15-17 Ti.be SM ~ 4 ST-15 20.5-22..5 Tme SM -OI '..ST-16 22.5'2.f.5 Tille SW-SM OI -B-2 sr.,2 0-2 Tire CH f? 0., ST-3 2-4 Twe OI • 0 .i& sr-t 2-4 11'le fl) CH ,llo < 30,2 31.3 10. t 7JJ;z .. 14.3 1J..6 t5.0 29.9 "Sl..7 121M 123.2 122.7 . 113.0 122.4 114.7 116.3 1Z1.0 120..1 92.5 93.9 111.4 105.6 107.1 101.0 101.1 93.1 90.5 100 100 98 .99. 91 83 65 99 100 74 71 ll'OlD 22 n. 20 20 11 71 HOLD 75 72..5. 73.6 20.8 tP tF w f-1> 652 62.9 26..6 30.7 17.7 Hr NP NP NP 2B.2 :,0.1 45.8 42.9 3.0 2.69 2.74 260 NP. . 2.64 NP 2.61 NP 2.61 NP 2.56 37.0 2.71 32..8 2.74 3.75 2.61 4.32 2.09 2.54 3.6E-08 ... 0 E D 1/1 -4 "' D -· ·-·-·-. ·--.... C 2.9E-03 52E:.-O.f -----C.2E-o6 CSI ..., . 1..5E-o6 "1 Ul B-2 ST-6 4-6 Tooe sc 22.9_ 116.J 94.6 96 42 40.9 19_9 20.9 2.10 ◄.9t -YI ♦ • Ul -~ . YI :..:_:_l,-_ __ ·-. .:..SI-1'-.. r •••. S:S.:.. ... ____ :Titie .. ·-· .~.:.Jil{ _____ ~_:.__7;i;3_-_·_-_ .. :.:t:t.5.t .. ---___ 'f.OI-3.::.. __ · __ ~·-99 __ :.~.:...1!... -~~--~_NP_::~_::_::~~-:-. ~-ti?.-~:_ ___ ~...:....:-~ ... !:~~.-··--:-... ~---·~:_.:_: w f -ST-12 15-17 Tube SM 14.0 11at 1M.6 92 21 NP NP NP 2.64 1.99 -°:? ~ ~ g ST-15 20.5-,?.2.5 Tooe ·• SM 12.8 110.2 gi_7 92 22 NP NP NP 2.63 2.55 8..3E--04--CSI -m w OI • 0 N Ot ST-16 22..5-24.5 ·· 1 : }p:-· s •◄-►-.•-. ·-.-.--Ttbe SC 14.4 11H -= ~ not J'fqUeSfOO ~ .;r.~ ---,.~-,:. 992 81 32 32.J 17.7 14.6 2.64 3.71 -4.f:E-04 t NP= 5alpe defe{u:ined lo be non-plastic I! ' "V w f I 1' ca·· • O·· al GI ~ ~ Typeol -~a .. _D .. ----~---~ ~ 0.:.1 SS--8 8-9.5 .ht -u .._ lF : SS-11 13.5-15 Ja-w SS-14 19-:ZO..S .la,-• Warren ~untv PCB Landfill Test Res Summary'"' .... ASJM. .ASDI . -D~---: .Q:Zlff>. .... ASlllU--1.567~0-2937-·· ·ASfM01122"· · .a.sn.rn .aiii · · ASfM 0854 -A!Sl»" ... .ASIM---. D-2« .. 02974 D5064 "Tl ;o 0 :,t "' ... u> .,, ... !JI w Cl' ID UI ~ Moi:Jtur1'-Btltk~----~-~-----~-eas:so.i... 'i:Jm ----~---~ ~-a~. Peifj'ieabily;-. ~ llc:atbr" ,_CorUierii."1'. pct pd fl..% l200: % linil:LL ~ PL Jndex:. Pf Graviy Content_%.... .QMee. . . r ... 7.4 14.5 13.7 -----·· ---·-··--·····---·. 0 E D II\ -t ITI 0 -. --·------... C ---.,..-.. ·····~tr .. 2◄..5-26--·-··· . -··--·-· -... -----··--······· -· -·-·-···-... Jar -15.!J 0 -D SS-18 26-Il :J Jai -12.6 .. 3: SS-19 27-28 .Jar--14.6 .. . • SS-20 2.S-29 tl>l>J Jar -16.2 -28-29 (mi:1) gr 0 Jar -16.4 m ~ ~(boQ -.Jar--33.4 OI <,» -5S-8 8-8.5 OI lJ-2 Jar -11..9 0 lF SS-11 13.5-15 .,-.fa(' -16.2 t,) ~ SS-1-4 19-20.5 .1ar -11.2 • --~.1--..... .:;...:1_ ~::----· __ ·::..;.·::._· __ : ·--·-· ::....--:~~--.:, -·-· ··----·--·· _:·;._~·--~---~--.:-~~ =-· . .-.. -. -_;::,.:.. _,.,~~ ~-----·-.. ~----"··-:=7----·---··--------···--·-------OI a 0, -m w OI • 0 I\) CJ) a, t SS-19 SS-20 SS-21 ·--~ ... ; ' 'ZT-2lS Jar 16.1 .. 28-29 Jar -16.6 ~{top) Jar -13.B 29-30M_ Jar---II: lest nol reques1ed NP= ~ deCennned to be noo-plasOc ;-m .,, N u> u> u> ID Ill '° UI Ill -0 . N Table 4-1 Physical Characteristics and Total PCB's of Raw Waste Sample ID Percent Density Density Color PIO Total PCB's Solids (Bulk) (Compacted) Readino X WC1-3 90.89% 110.9 140.13 lb./cu.ft. Light Brown wt 1.2 ppm lb./cu.ft. Red Clay WC1-4 91.13% 109.3 142.3 Light Brown w/ ND Red Balls WC2-3 90.36% 106.9 142.9 Dari< Brown ND WC2-4"" 90.34% 98.7 142.5 Dark Brown ND •· A Fixed Solids analysis was performed to determine moisture and potential volatile solids content of the soil. The following data was collected: Percent Solids: Percent Moisture: Percent Fixed Solids: Percent Volatile Solids: 90.75% 9.25% r;,Net Weight Basis) 87.55% 3.53% (ppm) 262 443 267 465 TABLE 4-2 WARREN COUNTY PCB LANDFlLL TREATABILITY STUDY PCB DATA SUMMARY-RAW SOIL WC1-3 WC1-4 WC2-3 WC2-4 Soil Blank Analytes ug/kg (ppb) ug/kg (ppb) ug/kg (ppb) ug/kg (ppb) ug/kg (ppb) Total MonoCB 28 44 6 3 ND (0,09) Total DiCB 2,900 3,100 205 118 ND (0.09) Total TriCB 19,940 20,850 2,060 764 ND(0.1) Total TetraCB 19,590 25,090 4,260 1,970 ND(0.1) Tota! PentaCB 60,880 71,890 30,600 20,010 ND (0.2) Total HexaCB 256,250 419,610 189,500 129,450 ND(0.1) Total OctraCB 155,970 261 ,390 121,220 87,770 ND (0.1) Tota! NonaCB 30,050 49,050 23,400 18,080 ND (0.1) Del"".a CB 1,400 2,260 1,030 768 ND (0.1) 19 32 26 21 ND(0.2) Total PCS 547,027 853,316 372,307 258,954 ND *Data analyzed by Triangle Laboratories, Inc. TABLE 4-3 WARREN COUNTY PCS LANDFILL TREATABILlTY STUDY PCCCs/PCOFs CATA SUMMARY· RAW SOIL WC1-3 WC1-4 WC2-3 Analytes ng/Kg (ppt) ng/Kg (ppt) ng/Kg (ppt) 2378-TCDD ND ND ND 12378-PeCDD ND ND ND 1234 78-HxCDD ND ND ND 123678-HxCDD 2.2 2.3 4.5 123789-HxCOD 1.8 1.6 2.1 1234678-HpCDO 14.8 18.1 145 OCDD 506 515 2,710 2378-TCOF 108 125 46.1 12378-PeCDF 29.7 33.8 12.7 23478-PeCDF 114 123 53.5 i3478-HxCDF 1120 1230 826 123678-HxCDF 126 136 111 234678-HxCDF 50.9 48.8 31.6 123789-HxCOF 6.3 5.9 3.6 1234678-HpCDF 821 864 648 1234789-HpCOF 547 584 354 OCDF 4050 5050 2930 2378-TEQ 218 238 147 Total TCDD 12.3 1.3 0.95 Total PeCDD 31.3 35.4 16.8 Total HxCDD 9.2 7.7 13.S Total HpCDD 14.9 35 323 ocoo 50S 515 2,710 Total TCDF 465 4S9 171 Total PeCDF 763 844 470 Total HxCDF 1990 2180 1S10 Total HpCDF 2350 2600 1680 :lCDF 4050 5050 2930 iota! PCDD/F 10,192 11,727 9,825 WC2-4 Soil ng/Kg (ppt) Blank ND ND (0.3) ND NO (0.6) ND ND (0.5) ND ND (0.4) ND ND (0.5) 32.8 ND (0.8) 1,300 ND (1.5) 49.7 ND (0.3) 14.4 ND (0.5) 58 ND (0.5) 923 ND (0.5) 135 ND (0.4) 34 ND (0.6) 2.8 ND (0.6) 704 ND (0.6) 337 ND (0.9) 2910 NO (1.2) 159 o. 1.4 ND (0.3) H.5 ND (0.6) 4.9 NO (0.5) 78.3 NO (0.8) 1,300 NO (1.5) 189 NO (0.3) 504 ND (0.5) 1720 ND {0.5) 1680 NO (0.7) 2910 NO (1.2) 8,405 o· \ '\: TABLE 4-4 WARREN COUNTY PCB LANDFILL TREA TABILITY STU CY voe CATA SUMMARY. RAW SOIL WC1-3 WC1-4 WC2-3 WC2-4 UTS Non-'NW Analytes ug/Kg ug/Kg ug/Kg ug/Kg ug/Kg Chloromethane ND(0.3) ND(0.24) 6.04 ND(0.24) 30,000 Vinyl Chloride ND(0.28) N0(0.22) ND(0.21) ND(0.22) Bro mo methane N0(0.31) N0(0.25) N0(0.24) N0(0.25) Chloroethane ND(0.33) ND(0.26) ND(0.25) ND(0.26) Trichlorofluoromethane ND(0.11) ND(0.09) ND(0.08) ND(0.09) 1, 1-Dichloroethene ND(0.22) ND(0.18) ND(0.17) ND(0.18) Carbon disulfide 0.37 ND(0.05) ND(0.05) ND(0.05) 4,800 Acetone 17.42 ND(D.18) 4.1 ND(0.18) 160,000 Methylene chloride 3.53 2.6 2.55 2.45 30 ,000 trans-1 ,2-0ichloroeth ene ND(0.16) ND(D.13) ND(0.12) ND(0.13) 1, 1-Dichloroethane ND(D.1) ND(0.08) ND(0.07) ND(0.08) cis-1 ,2-Dichloroethane ND(D.16) ND(0.13) ND(0.12) ND(0.13) Chloroform 0.31 ND(D.06) ND(0.06) ND(0.06) 6,000 1,2-Dichloroethane ND(0.12) ND(0.1) ND(0.09) ND(0.1) Vinyl acetate ND(0.09) ND(D.06) ND(0.06) ND(0.06) 2-Butanone 64.43 ND(0.79) ND(0.75) ND(0.79) 1, 1, 1-Trichloroethane ND(0.12) ND(0.09) ND(0.08) ND(0.09) Carbon tetrachloride 5.76 ND(D.13) 2.59 3.5 6,000 Benzene 1.47 1.47 1.6 1.18 10,000 Trichloroethene ND(0.37) ND(0.26) N0(0.25) ND(0.27) 1,2-Dichloropropane ND(0.22) ND(0.16) N0(0.15) N0(0.16) Bromodichloromethane N0(0.12) ND(0.08) ND(0.08) N0(0.08) cis-1 ,3-Dichloropropene ND(0.13) ND(0.09) ND(0.09) N0(0.09) trans-1,3-0ichloropropene N0(0.15) ND(0.11) ND(0.1) ND(0.11) 1, 1,2-Trichloroethane ND(0.18) OND(.13) ND(0.1 2) ND(0.13) Dibromochloromethane ND(0.27) ND(0.19) N0(0.18) N0(0.19) Bromoform ND(0.35) ND(0.25) N0(0.24) ND(0.25) 4-Methyl-2-pentanone ND(0.12) ND(0.09) ND(0.09) ND(0.09) Toluene 2..63 ND(0.06) 2.3 2.13 10,000 Tetrachloroethene 1.75 N0(0.25) 1.21 ND(0.26) 6,000 2-Hexanone ND(0.16) ND(0.11) ND(0.11) ND(0.12) Chlorobenzene 27.64 28.29 2.02 2.55 6,000 Ethylben.zene ND(0.17) ND(0.12.) ND(0.12) ND(0.13) m-/p-Xylene o.n ND(.09) 0.33 ND(0.09) a-Xylene ND(0.14) ND(0.1) ND(0.1) ND(0.1) 30,000 Styrene ND(0.08) ND(0.05) ND(0.05) ND(0.06) ~, 1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane ND(0.09) ND(0.06) ND(0.06) ND(0.06) APPENDIX III Chemical Profiles NIO.SH Pockt:t Guide to Chemical Hazards http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0004.htm1 NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards !Acetone IICAS 67-64-1 I l(CH3)2CO IIRTECS AL3150000 I Synonyms & Trade Names DOT ID & Guide Dimethyl ketone, Ketone propane, 2-Propanone 1090 127 I Exposure 11NIOSH REL: TWA 250 ppm (590 mg/m1) I :, OSHA PEL t : TWA I 000 ppm (2400 mg/m1) I Limits jmLH 2500 ppm (lO¾LEL] See: 67641 !I conversion 1 ppm= 2.38 mg!m3 I Physical Description Colorless liquid with a fragrant, mint-like odor. IMW: 58 .1 !IBP: 133 °F IIFRZ : -140°F II Sol: Miscible I I VP: 180 mrnHg IIIP : 9.69 eV II I Sp .Gr: 0.79 I IFLP: 0°F IIUEL: 12.8% IILEL: 2.5% I I class IB Flammable Liquid: Fl.P . below 73°F and BP at or above 100°F. I Incompatibilities & Reactivities Oxidizers, acids Measurement Method Charcoal tube; CS 2; Gas chromatography/Flame ionization detection; IV [#1300, Ketones I] See: NMAMINDEX l of2 8/26/99 1:53 PM NICJSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0004.html Personal Protection & Sanitation First Aid (See procedures) Skin: Prevent skin contact Eye: Irrigate immediately Eyes: Prevent eye contact Skin: Soap wash immediately Wash skin: When contaminated Breathing: Respiratory support Remove: When wet (flammable) Swallow: Medical attention immediately Change: N.R. Respirator Recommendations NIOSH Up to 2500 ppm: (APF = 10) Any chemical cartridge respirator with organic vapor cartridge(s)*/(APF = 25) Any powered, air-purifying respirator with organic vapor cartridge(s)*/(APF = 50) Any air-purifying, full-facepiece respirator (gas mask) with a chin-style, front-or back-mounted organic vapor canister/(APF = 10) Any supplied-air respirator*/(APF = 50) Any self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece Emergency or planned entry into unknown concentrations or IDLH conditions: (APF = 10,000) Any self-contained breathing apparatus that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode/(APF = i0,000) Any supplied-air respirator that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode in combination with an auxiliary self-contained positive-pressure breathing apparatus Escape: (APF = 50) Any air-purifying, full-facepiece respirator (gas mask) with a chin-style, front-or back-mounted organic vapor canister/ Any appropriate escape-type, self-contained breathing apparatus Exposure Routes inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact Symptoms irritation eyes, nose, throat; headache, dizziness, central nervous system depressant/ depression; dermatitis I Target Organs Eyes, skin, respiratory system, central nervous system I \ See also : INTRODUCTION See ICSC CARD: 00 87 See MEDICAL TESTS: 0002 I 2 of2 8/26199 1:53 /M ~o:;H Packt:t Guide to Chemical Hazards http://www.c<lc.gov/wosh/n1,8l12pgti0049 .html NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards !Benzene IICAS 71-43-2 I IC6H6 II RTE CS CYl 400000 I Synonyms & Trade Names DOT ID & Guide Benzel, Phenyl hydride 1114130 Exposure l~OSH REL: Ca TWA 0.1 ppm ST 1 ppm See Aggendix I Limits OSHAPEL: [1910.1028] TWA 1 ppm ST 5 ppm See A1mendix F jmLH Ca [500 ppm] See: 71432 II Conversion 1 ppm = 3. 19 mg/m3 I Physical Description Colorless to light-yellow liquid with an aromatic odor. [Note: A solid below 42°F.] IMW : 78.1 IIBP: l 76°F IIFRZ: 42°F II Sol: 0.07% I IVP : 75 mmHg IIIP: 9.24 eV II I Sp .Gr: 0.88 I IFLP : 12°F IIUEL: 7.8% IILEL: 1.2% I I Class IB Flammable Liquid: Fl.P. below 73 °F and BP at or above 100°F. I Incompatibilities & Reactivities Strong oxidizers, many fluorides & perchlorates, nitric acid Measurement Method Charcoal tube; CS2; Gas chromatography/Flame ionization detection; IV [#1500, Hydrocarbons] [Also #3700, #1501] See: NNIAM INDEX 1 of2 NIOSH Pcck-.t Guide to Chemical Hazards http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0049 .html Personal Protection & Sanitation First Aid (See procedures) Skin: Prevent skin contact Eye: Irrigate immediately Eyes: Prevent eye contact Skin: Soap wash immediately Wash skin: When contaminated Breathing: Respiratory support Remove: When wet (flammable) Swallow: Medical attention immediately Change: N.R. Provide: Eyewas~ Quick drench Respirator Recommendations NIOSH At concentrations above the NIOSH REL, or where there is no REL, at any detectable concentration: (APF = 10,000) Any self-contained breathing apparatus that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode/(APF = 10,000) Any supplied-air respirator that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode in combination with an auxiliary self-contained positive-pressure breathing apparatus Escape: (APF = 50) Any air-purifying, full-facepiece respirator (gas mask) with a chin-style, front-or back-mounted organic vapor canister/ Any appropriate escape-type, self-contained breathing apparatus Exposure Routes inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact I Symptoms irritation eyes, skin, nose, respiratory system; giddiness; headache, nausea, staggered gait; fatigue, anorexia, lassitude (weakness, exhaustion); dermatitis; bone marrow depressant/depression; [Potential occupational carcinogen] Target Organs Eyes, skin, respiratory system, blood, central nervous system, bone marrow Cancer Site (leukemia] I See also: INTRODUCTION See ICSC CARD: 0015 See MEDICAL TESTS: 0022 I 2 of2 8/26/99 1:50 PM NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards http://www.cdc.gov/ni.osblupgi15.pgd0069.btml NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards j2-Butanone IICAS 78-93-3 I I CH3COCH2CH3 IIRTECS EL6475000 I Synonyms & Trade Names DOT ID & Guide Ethyl methyl ketone, :MEK, Methyl acetone, Methyl ethyl ketone 1193 127 1232 127 Exposure NIOSH REL: TWA 200 ppm (590 mg/m3) ST 300 ppm (885 mg/m3) Limits losHA PELt: TWA 200 ppm (590 mg/m3) I \mLH 3000 ppm See: 78933 II conversion 1 ppm= 2.95 mg/m3 I Physical Description Colorless liquid with a moderately sharp, fragrant, mint-or acetone-like odor. IMW: 72.1 IIBP: 175°F IIFRZ: -123°F II sol: 28% I !VP: 78 mm.Hg IIIP : 9.54 eV II lisp.Gr: o.s1 I IFI.P: 16°F !IUEL(200°F): 11.4% IILEL(200°F): 1.4% II I !class IB Flammable Liquid: Fl.P. below 73°F and BP at or above 100°F. I Incompatibilities & Reactivities Strong oxidizers, amines, ammonia, inorganic acids, caustics, isocyanates, pyridines Measurement Method Carbon beads; CS 2; Gas chromatography/Flame ionization detection; IV [#2500] See: NMA,.M INDEX l of2 8/26/99 2:47 PM N!OSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0069.htm1 Personal Protection & Sanitation First Aid (See procedures) Skin: Prevent skin contact Eye: Irrigate immediately Eyes: Prevent eye contact Skin: Water wash immediately Wash skin: When contaminated Breathing: Fresh air Remove: When wet (flammable) Swallow: Medical attention immediately Change: N.R. Provide: Eyewash ,-n ~ -n . 'T'T'"""'-t""'IT., -_..,.., ,----r-· ·••v• ---~~lt;llw.AUUU,3 .l. , ... __, uJ.lJ VuJ.~ Up to 3000 ppm: (APF = 25) Any supplied-air respirator operated in a continuous-flow mode£/(APF = 25) Any powered, air-purifying respirator with organic vapor cartridge(sl/(APF = SO) Any chemical cartridge respirator with a full facepiece and organic vapor cartridge(s)/(APF = SO) Any air-purifying, full-facepiece respirator (gas mask) with a chin-style, front-or back-mounted organic vapor canister/(APF = 50) Any self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece/(APF = SO) Any supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece Emergency or planned entry into un:cnovm concentrations or IDLH conditions: (APF = 10,000) Any self-contained breathing apparatus that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode/(APF = 10,000) Any supplied-air respirator that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode in combination with an auxiliary self-contained positive-pressure breathing apparatus Escape: (APF = SO) Any air-purifying, full-facepiece respirator (gas mask) with a chin-style, front-or back-mounted organic vapor canister/ Any appropriate escape-type, self-contained breathing apparatus Exposure Routes inhalation, i..igestion, skin and/or eye contact f·Symptoms irritation eyes, skin, nose; headache; dizziness; vomiting; dermatitis I Target Organs Eyes, skin, respiratory system, central nervous system I I See also: INTRODUCTION See ICSC CARD: 0179 See l\1EDICAL TESTS: 0 l33 I 2 of2 8/26/99 2:47 PM /IOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/apg/npgdO 104.html NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards !carbon disulfide IICAS 75-15-0 I 1cs2 IIRTECS FF6650000 I I Synonyms & Trade Names Carbon bisulfide I DOT ID & Guide 1131131 NIOSH REL: TWA 1 ppm (3 mg/m3) ST 10 ppm (30 Exposure mg/m3) [skin] Limits OSHAPELt: TWA20 ppm C 30 ppm 100 ppm (30-minute maximum peak) lmLH 500 ppm See: 75150 II Conversion 1 ppm = 3 .11 mg!m3 I Physical Description Colorless to faint-yellow liquid with a sweet ether-like odor. [Note: Reagent grades are foul smelling.] IMW: 76.1 IIBP: 116°F IIFRZ: -169°F II Sol: 0.3% I IVP: 297 mmHg !!IP: 10.08 eV II I Sp .Gr: 1.26 I IFLP : -22°F IIUEL: 50 0% IILEL: 1.3% I ! !class 1B Flammable Liquid: Fl.P. below 73°F and BP at or above 100°F. I Incompatibilities & Reactivities Strong oxidizers; chemically-active metals such as sodium, potassium & zinc ; azides; rust; halogens; amines [Note: Vapors may be ignited by contact with ordinary light bulb.] Measurement Method Charcoal tube/Dry tube; Toluene; Gas chromatography/Flame photometric detection for sulfur, nitrogen, or phosphorus; IV [#1600] See: NMAM INDEX 1 of2 8/26/99 3:13 PM NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards Personal Protection & Sanitation Skin: Prevent skin contact Eyes: Prevent eye contact Wash skin: When contaminated Remove: When wet (flammable) Change: N.R. Respirator Recommendations NIOSH http:/ /www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgdO 104.html Fint Aid (See procedures) Eye: Irrigate immediately Skin: Soap wash immediately Breathing: Respiratory support Swallow: Medical attention immediately Up to 10 ppm: (APF = 10) Any chemical cartridge respirator with organic vapor cartridge(s)/(APF = I 0) Any supplied-air respirator Up to 25 ppm: (APF = 25) Any supplied-air respirator operated in a continuous-flow mode/(APF = 25) Any powered, air-purifying respirator with organic vapor cartridge(s) Up to 50 ppm: (APF = 50) Any chemical cartridge respirator with a full facepiece and organic vapor cartridge(s)/(APF = 50) Any air-purifying, full-facepiece respirator (gas mask) with a chin-style, front- or back-mounted organic vapor canister/(APF = 50) Any powered, air-purifying respirator with a tight-fitting facepiece and organic vapor cartridge(s)/(APF = 50) Any self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece/(APF = 50) Any supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece Up to 500 ppm: (APF = 1000) Any supplied-air respirator operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode Emergency or planned ent1y into unknown concentrations or IDLH conditions: (APF = 10,000) Any self-contained breathing apparatus that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode/(APF = 10,000) Any supplied-air respirator that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode in combination Vlith an auxiliary self-contained positive-pressure breathing apparatus Escape: (APF = 50) Any air-purifying, full-facepiece respirator (gas mask) with a chin-style, front-or back-mounted organic vapor canister/ Any appropriate escape-type, self-contained breathing apparatus !Exposure Routes inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact I Symptoms dizziness, headache, poor sleep, fatigue, nervousness, anorexia, weight loss; psychosis; polyneuropathy; Parkinson-like syndrome; ocular changes; coronary heart disease; gastritis; kidney, liver injury; eye, skin burns; dermatitis; reproductive effects Target Organs central nervous system, peripheral nervous system, cardiovascular system, eyes, kidneys, liver, skin, reproductive system I See also : INTRODUCTION See ICSC CARD : 0022 See :MEDICAL TESTS : 0039 I 2 of2 8/26/99 3:13 PM NlOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgdO 107 .html NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards jcarbon tetrachloride IICAS 56-23-5 I !cc14 IIRTECS FG4900000 I Synonyms & Trade Names DOT ID & Guide Carbon chlonde, Carbon tet, Freon® 10, Halon® 104, Tetrachloromethane 1846 151 Exposure NIOSHREL: Ca ST 2 ppm (12.6 mg/m3) [60-minute] See Aggendix A Limits OSHA PELt: TWA 10 ppm C 25 ppm 200 ppm (5-minute maximum peak in any 4 hours) lmLH Ca [200 ppm] See: 56235 II Conversion 1 ppm = 6.29 mg!m3 I Physical Description Colorless liquid with a characteristic ether-like odor. IMW: 153 .8 !IBP: l 70°F IIFRZ: _9op llsal: 0.05% I IVP: 91 mmHg IIIP: 11.47 eV II I Sp.Gr: 1.59 I IFLP: NA l!UELNA IILEL: NA I !Noncombustible Liquid I Incompatibilities & Reactivities Chemically-active metals such as sodium, potassium & magnesium; fluorine; aluminum [Note: Forms highly toxic phosgene gas when exposed to flames or welding arcs.] Measurement Method Charcoal tube; CS 2; Gas chromatography/Flame ionization detection; N [#1003. Halogenated Hydrocarbons] See: NMAM INDEX 1 of2 8/26/99 4:28 PM NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards http:/ /www.cdc.gov/niosh/nps;'npgdO l 07 .html Personal Protection & Sanitation First Aid (See procedures) Skin: Prevent skin contact Eye: Irrigate immediately Eyes: Prevent eye contact Skin: Soap wash immediately Wash skin: When contaminated Breathing: Respiratory support Remove: When wet or contaminated Swallow: Medical attention immediately Change: N.R Provide: Eyewash, Quick drench In .... _. . ....--1"'11-- A ·---v& -, .. --~ ... ,-\J-.J.L.L At concentrations above the rUOSH REL, or where there is no REL, at any detectable concentration: (APF = 10,000) Any self-contained breathing apparatus that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode/(APF = 10,000) Any supplied-air respirator that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode in combination with an auxiliary self-contained positive-pressure breathing apparatus Escape: (APF = 50) Any air-purifying, full-facepiece respirator (gas mask) with a chin-style, front-or back-mounted organic vapor canister/ Any appropriate escape-type, self-contained breathing apparatus !Exposure Routes inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact I Symptoms irritation eyes, skin; central nervous system depressant/depression; nausea, vomiting; liver, kidney injury; drowsiness, dizziness, incoordination; [Potential occupational carcinogen] Target Organs central nervous system, eyes, lungs, liver, kidneys, skin Cancer Site (ijl animals: liver cancer] jsee also :,[NTRODUCTION See ICSC CARD : 1234 See MEDICAL TESTS : 0041 I 2 of2 11/26/99 4:28 PM NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards http:/ /www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgdO 121.html NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards I Chlorobenzene IICAS 108-90-7 I lc6H5CI IIRTECS CZ0175000 I Synonyms & Trade Names DOT m & r.nirl,- Benzene chloride, Chlorobenzol, MCB, Monochlorobenzene, Phenyl 1134 130 chloride \Exposure 11NIOSH REL: See Aggendix D I :10SHAPEL: TWA 75 ppm(350 mgim3) I Limits lmLH 1000 ppm See: 108907 II Conversion 1 ppm= 4.61 mg!m3 I Physical Description Colorless liquid with an almond-like odor. IMW: 112.6 !IBP: 270°F IIFRZ : -50°F llsol: a .OS¾ I IVP: 9 mrnHg IIIP: 9.07 eV Ii lsp.Gr: 1.11 I IFI.P: 82°F IIUEL: 9.6% IILEL: 1.3% I !class IC Flammable Liquid: Fl.P. at or above 73°F and below 100°F. I Incompatibilities & Reactivities Strong oxidizers Measurement Method Charcoal tube; CS2; Gas chromatography/Flame ionization detection; IV [#1003, Halogenated Hydrocarbons] See: NMAM INDEX l of2 8/2612-92:51 PM NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgdO 121.html Personal Protection & Sanitation First Aid (See procedures) Skin: Prevent skin contact Eye: Irrigate immediately Eyes: Prevent eye contact Skin: Soap wash promptly Wash skin: When contaminated Breathing: Respiratory support Remove: When wet (flammable) Swallow: Medical attention immediately Change: N.R .... .... • ----1---r•• A•-• -II ._..Ill 'Vu.L~ Up to 1000 ppm: (APF = 25) Any supplied-air respirator operated in a continuous-flow mode£/(APF = 25) Any powered, air-purifying respirator with organic vapor cartridge(s)£/(APF = 50) Any chemical cartridge respirator with a full facepiece and organic vapor cartridge(s)/(APF = 50) Any air-purifying, full-facepiece respirator (gas mask) with a chin-style, front-or back-mounted organic vapor canister/(APF = 50) Any self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece/(APF = 50) Any supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece Emergency or pla,nned entry int o unknm;,,-n concentrations or lDLH conditions: (APF = 10,000) Any self-contained breathing apparatus that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode/(APF = 10,000) Any supplied-air respirator that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode in combination with an auxiliary self-contained positive-pressure breathing apparatus Escape: (APF = 50) Any air-purifying, full-facepiece respirator (gas mask) with a chin-style, front-or back-mounted organic vapor canister/ Any appropriate escape-type, self-contained breathing apparatus Exposure Routes inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact Symptoms irritation eyes, skin, nose; drowsiness, incoordination; central nervous system depressant/depression; in animals: liver, lung, kidney injury Target Organs Eyes, skin, respiratory system, central nervous system, liver !see also: INTRODUCTION See ICSC CARD: 0642 I 2 of2 8/26/99 2:51 PM NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards http:/ /www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgdO 125 .html NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards I Chlorodiphenyl ( 42 % chlorine) IICAS 53469-21-9 I I C6H4CIC6H3CI2 (approx) IIRTECS TQI356000 I Synonyms & Trade Names DOT m & ~nirf P Aroclor® 1242, PCB, Polychlorinated biphenyl 2315 171 Exposure NIOSHREL*: Ca TWA 0.001 mg/m3 See Appendix A (*Note: The REL also applies to other PCBs.] Limits losHAPEL: TWA l mg/m3 [skin] I lmrn Ca [5 mg/m3] See: 53469219 II Conversion I Physical Description Colorless to light-colored, viscous liquid with a mild, hydrocarbon odor. IMW: 258 (approx) IIBP: 617-691 °F IIFRZ: -2°F II Sol: Insoluble I IVP: 0.001 mmHg IIIP:? II llsp.Gr(77°F): 1.39 I IFLP: NA IIUEL: NA IILEL: NA II Nonflammable Liquid, but exposure in a fire results in the formation of a black soot containing PCBs, polychlorinated dibenzofurans & chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins. Incompatibilities & Reactivities Strong oxidizers Measurement Method Filter/Florisil tube; Hexane; Gas chromatography/Electrochemical detection; IV [#5503, PCBs] See: NMM1INDEX 1 of2 8/26/99 2:31 PM NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/opg/npgdO 125 .html Personal Protection & Sanitation First Aid (See procedures) Skin: Prevent skin contact Eye: Irrigate immediately Eyes: Prevent eye contact Skin: Soap wash immediately Wash skin: When contaminated Breathing: Respiratory support Remove: When wet or contaminated Swallow: Medical attention immediately Change: Daily Provide: Eyewash, Quick drench IT"I .... . ,---·· 1.._.,_..,.J""_ A .. v• -·------J. ,~-·..,:,..1...1. At concentrations above the J\10SH REL, or vvhere there is no REL, at any detectable concentration: (APF = 10,000) Any self-contained breathing apparatus that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode/(APF = 10,000) Any supplied-air respirator that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode in combination with an auxiliary self-contained positive-pressure breathing apparatus Escape: (APF = 50) Any air-purifying, full-facepiece respirator (gas mask) with a chin-style, front-or back-mounted organic vapor canister having a high-efficiency particulate filter/ Any appropriate escape-type, self-contained breathing apparatus Exposure Routes inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/ or eye contact Symptoms irritation eyes; chloracne; liver damage; reproductive effects; [Potential occupational carcinogen] Target Organs Skin, eyes, liver, reproductive system Cancer Site [in animals: tumors of the pituitary gland & liver, leukemia] I See also: INTRODUCTION See MEDICAL TESTS: 0175 I 2 of2 8/26/99 2:31 PM 'HOSH Poci..c:c C uidc to Chemical Hazards http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npwnpgdO 127 .html NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards !Chloroform IICAS 67-66-3 I ICHCI3 llRTECS FS9100000 I Svnonvms & Trade Names DOT m & r-nirl,s Methane trichloride, Trichloromethane 1888 151 Exposure NIOSH REL: Ca ST 2 ppm (9 .78 mg/m3) [60-minute] See Aggendix A Limits losHAPELt : C 50 ppm (240 mg!m3) I lmLH Ca (500 ppm] See: 67663 !I conversion 1 ppm= 4.88 mg/m3 I Physical Description Colorless liquid with a pleasant odor. IMW: 119.4 !IBP: 143°F IIFRZ: -82°F II Sol(77°F): 0.5% I IVP: 160 mmHg IIIP: 11.42 eV Ii ii Sp .Gr: 1.48 I IFI.P: NA IIUEL:NA IILEL: NA Ii • !Noncombustible Liquid I Incompatibilities & Reactivities Strong caustics; chemically-active metals such as aluminum or magnesium powder, sodium & potassium; strong oxidizers (Note: When heated to decomposition, forms phosgene gas.] Measurement Method Charcoal tube; CS2; Gas chromatography/Flame ionization detection; IV (#1003. Halogenated Hydrocarbons] See: NMA.1\1 INDEX 1 of2 8/26/99 4:25 PM NIOSP: Pocket :,uide to Cbcmical Hazards bttp:/ /www.cdc.gov/niosb/npg/npgdO 127 .html Personal Protection & Sanitation First Aid (See procedures) Skin: Prevent skin contact Eye: Irrigate immediately Eyes: Prevent eye contact Skin: Soap wash promptly Wash skin: When contaminated Breathing: Respiratory support Remove: When wet or contaminated Swallow: Medical attention immediately Change: N.R. Provide: Eyewash, Quick drench 1-r. . .... . . "'I.TT,......,._._ ,.._" .. "t'u ALU& , .... ·-J. ,_..v.JJ:.L At concentrations above the 1'.1OSH REL, or where there is no REL, at any detectable concentration: (APF = 10,000) Any self-contained breathing apparatus that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode/(APF = 10,000) Any supplied-air respirator that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode in combination with an auxiliary self-contained positive-pressure breathing apparatus Escape: (APF = 50) Any air-purifying, full-facepiece respirator (gas mask) with a chin-style, front-or back-mounted organic vapor canister/ Any appropriate escape-type, self-contained breathing apparatus Exposure Routes inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact Symptoms irritation eyes, skin; dizziness, mental dullness, nausea, confusion; headache, fatigue; anesthesia; enlarged liver; [Potential occupational carcinogen] Target Organs Liver, kidneys, heart, eyes, skin, central nervous system Cancer Site [in animals: liver & kidney cancer] I See also : INTRODUCTION See ICSC CARD: 0027 See MEDICAL TESTS: 0047 I 2 of2 8/26/99 4:2S PM NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0290.html NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards IFiuorotrichloromethane IICAS 75-69-4 I !cc13F IIRTECS PB6125000 I Synonyms & Trade Nam"~ nn-r rn D. r, '..J --- Freon® 11, Monofluorotrichloromethane, Refrigerant 11, Trichlorofluoromethane, Trichloromonofluoromethane I Exposure [INIOSH REL: C 1000 ppm (5600 mg/ml) I :1 OSHA PEL t : TWA 1000 ppm (5600 mg/ml) I Limits lmLH 2000 ppm See: 75694 II Conversion 1 ppm = 5. 62 mg!m3 I Physical Description Colorless to water-white, nearly odorless liquid or gas (above 75°F). jMW: 137 .4 IIBP: 75°F IIFRZ: -168°F llsol(75°F): 0.1% I IVP: 690 mmHg IIIP: 11.77 eV IIRGasD: 4. 74 I Sp.Gr: 1.47 (Liquid at 75°F) IFI.P: NA IIUEL: NA IILEL: NA I !Noncombustible Liquid Nonflammable Gas I Incompatibilities & Reactivities Chemically-active metals such as sodium, potassium, calcium, powdered aluminum, zinc, magnesium & lithium shavings; granular barium Measurement Method Charcoal tube; CS 2; Gas chromatography/Flame ionization detection; IV [#1006. Trichlorofluoromethane] See: NMAM INDEX of2 8/26/99 4:35 PM NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards http://www.cdc.gov/niosb/npg/npgd0290.html Personal Protection & Sanitation First Aid (See procedures) Skin: Prevent skin contact Eye: Irrigate immediately Eyes: Prevent eye contact Skin: Water flush immediately Wash skin: N.R. Breathing: Respiratory support Remove: When wet or contaminated Swallow: Medical attention immediately Change: N.R Provide: Eyewash, Quick drench ---- .u.~f:,111<1.LUf -~ ''" ''".UODS 1~1u.::,.t11u.::,.t1A Up to 2000 ppm: (APF = I 0) Any supplied-air respirator/(APF = 50) Any self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece Emergency or planned entry into unknown concentrations or IDLH conditions: (APF = 10,000) Any self-contained breathing apparatus that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode/(APF = 10,000) Any supplied-air respirator that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode in combination with an auxiliary self-contained positive-pressure breathing apparatus Escape: (APF = 50) Any air-purifying, full-facepiece respirator (gas mask) with a chin-style, front-or back-mounted organic vapor canister/ Any appropriate escape-type, self-contained breathing apparatus !Exposure Routes inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact I Symptoms incoordination, tremor; dermatitis; cardiac arrhythmias, cardiac arrest; asphyxia; liquid: frostbite !Target Organs Skin, respiratory system, cardiovascular system I lsee also: INTRODUCTION See ICSC CARD: 004 7 I 2 of2 8/26/99 4:3S PM NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards http:/ /www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd04 l 4.btml NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards !Methylene chloride IICAS 75-09-2 I 1c11ia2 IIRTECS P A8050000 I Synonyms & Trade Names DOT ID & Guide Dichloromethane, Methylene dichloride 1593 160 I Exposure \INIOSH REL: Ca See Aggendix A I :10SHAPEL: [1910.1052] 1WA25 ppm ST 125 ppm I Limits lmLH Ca [2300 ppm] See: 75092 II Conversion 1 ppm = 3 .4 7 mg!m3 I Physical Description Colorless liquid with a chloroform-like odor. [Note: A gas above 104°F.] IMW: 84.9 !IBP: 104°F IIFRZ: -139°F llsol: 2% I !VP: 350 mrnHg IIIP: 11.32 eV II I Sp .Gr: 1.33 I !FI.P:? IIUEL: 23% IILEL: 13% I I Combustible Liquid I Incompatibilities & Reactivities Strong oxidizers; caustics; chemically-active metals such as aluminum, magnesium powders, potassium & sodium; concentrated nitric acid Measurement Method Charcoal tube(2); CS2; Gas chromatography/Flame ionization detection; IV [#1005] See: NMAM INDEX 1 of2 8/26/99 2:58 PM NlOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/np~npgd0414.html .. • Penonal Protection & Sanitation Fint Aid (See procedures) Skin: Prevent skin contact Eye: Irrigate immediately Eyes: Prevent eye contact Skin: Soap wash promptly Wash skin: When contaminated Breathing: Respiratory support Remove: When wet or contaminated Swallow: Medical attention immediately Change: N.R Provide: Eyewash, Quick drench In---!-_,.. __ n -..I-• ·-1'.TTr"\C'~ r-·--·-------... ·---... At concentrations above the NIOSH REL, or where there is no REL, at any detectable concentration: (APF = 10,000) Any self-contained breathing apparatus that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode/(APF = 10,000) Any supplied-air respirator that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode in combination with an auxiliary self-contained positive-pressure breathing apparatus Escape: (APF = 50) Any air-purifying, full-facepiece respirator (gas mask) with a chin-style, front-or back-mounted organic vapor canister/ Any appropriate escape-type, self-contained breathing apparatus !Exposure Routes inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact f Symptoms irritation eyes, skin; fatigue, weakness, somnolence (sleepiness, unnatural drowsiness), lightheadedness; numbness, tingle limbs ; nausea; [Potential occupational carcinogen] Target Organs Eyes, skin, cardiovascular system, central nervous system Cancer Site (in animals: lung, liver, salivary & mammary gland tumors] I See also : INTRODUCTION See ICSC CARD: 0058 See :MEDICAL TESTS: 0148 I 2 of2 8/26/99 2:58 PM APPENDIX IV List of Acronyms LIST OF ACRONYMS APR .................... Air-Purifying Respirator BBCD ................. Batch Vacuum Solid Phase BCDffhennal Desorption System BCD .................... Base Catalyzed Decomposition CAB .................... Citizens Advisory Board CBCD ................. Continuous Solid Phase BCDffhermal Desorption System CFR .................... Code ofFederal Regulations CIH ..................... Certified Industrial Hygienist CRZ .................... Contamination Reduction Zone CHSO ................. Corporate Health and Safety Officer EKG .................... Electrocardiogram EMS .................... Emergency Management Services EZ ....................... Exclusion Zone GFCI.. ................. Ground Fault Circuit Interrupters H2S ...................... Hydrogen Sulfide HASP .................. Site Health and Safety Plan HAZWOPER ..... Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response HEPA .................. High Efficiency Particulate Air HPD .................... Hearing Protection Devices HSO .................... Health and Safety Officer IDLH .................. Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health KOH ................... Potassium Hydroxide LOffO ................ Lockout/Tagout MG/M3 .••.•••••••••••• Milligrams Per Cubic Meter MSDS ................. Material Safety Data Sheet MSHA ................. Mine Safety and Health Administration NaOH .................. Sodium Hydroxide NC ...................... North Carolina NCAC ................. North Carolina Administrative Code NCDENR ............ North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources NEC .................... National Electric Code NESC .................. National Electric Safety Code NFPA .................. National Fire Protection Association NIOSH ................ National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health NRMRL .............. National Risk Management Research Laboratory NRR .................... Noise Reduction Ratings OSHA ................. Occupational Safety and Health Administration PCBs ................... Polychlorinated Biphenyl' s PD ....................... Performance Demonstration PDR .................... Personal Dust Respirable Monitor PEL ..................... Permissible Exposure Limit PID ...................... Photoionization Detector PCSAPT ............. Process Condensate Separation and Aqueous Phase Treatment System PM ...................... Project Manager PPB ..................... Parts Per Billion PPE ..................... Personal Protective Equipment PPM .................... Parts Per Million PPT ..................... Parts Per Trillion PSI ...................... Pounds Per Square Inch RAM ................... Respirable Aerosol Monitor RPM .................... Revolutions Per Minute SAR .................... Supplied-Air Respirator SCBA .................. Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus Site ...................... Warren County PCB Landfill SM ...................... Site Manager SOP ..................... Site Operations Plan SZ ....................... Support Zones TAHA ................. Task Assessment/Hazard Analysis TEQ .................... Toxicity Equivalent Concentrations TSCA .................. Toxic Substance Control Act TWA ................... Time Weighted Average USCG ................. United States Coast Guard USEPA ............... United States Environmental Protection Agency YRS .................... Vapor Recovery System WBGT ................ Wet Bulb Glade Temperature List of Acronyms (Continued) APPENDIX V Incident Investigation Report --~ i:lu Providing creative environmental solutions Environmental, Inc. FOR OFFlCE CSE 0!'-1. Y DO Nor FILL IN INCIDENT REPORT Page 1 of 3 'ype Of Incident (Check 1) ::J Accident D Near Miss □ Injury/Illness D Unusual Occurence Employee Information 0 Contractor □Employee ) Employee's Full Name: l utx:ontractor, Give Company Name, Address, & Phone Number: ~) Employee Address: (Street) (City . State ; Zip Code) (Pb.one Number) 3) Date of Birth: 4) Social Security#: (Month/ Day / Year) 5) Job Title: 6) Assigned Di vision: 7) Project Name I Number: Project Phone Number: Project Location: 8) Date and Time of Occurence: Date: Time: 9· ·te and Time Reported to Company: Date: Time: 10) Date Employee Began to Lose Work □ No Lost Time 11) Estimated / Actual Date Return to Work: □ Actual □ Estimated l lA) Medical Center Taken to: •' .. ,. . .. □ First Aid Only ' INCIDENT REPORT {Continued) Page 2 of 3 Incident Information 12) Describe the Apparent Extent of Injury or Illness and P~ts of the Body Affected (Laceration, Bum Fracrure--Rt. Lo\ver Leg, Lt. Index Finger) : 13) Describe Fully How the Incident Happened. Gi\'e Cause and Results. ( Atta<.:h Another Sheet if ~ecessary): 14) Exact Location Where Incident Occured · 15) ;\i:i.mes & A.ddresses of 'Witnesses to the In<.:ident: 16) Describe Treatment Given (X-Ray, Stiches. Etc.) If Hospital or Doctor Required; Give Name. Address, Phone Number, and Attach Return-To-Work Slip: 17) Did Chemic:il Exposure Oci.:ur'? ( Check l) D Yes □ ;--:o rr Yes, Wh:it Known Contaminants Were Present? What Type of Exposure Occured? (Inh:il:1tit.1n [ngestion. Skin Contact. Ect. ' INCIDENT REPORT (Continued) Page 3 of 3 Health And Safety Information 18) Were Emergency Procedures Adequate? (Check One) □ Yes If No, Explain. 19) Who Was Directly Supervising the Work? 0 No 20) Work Schedule at Time of Incident: Hours per Day Days per Week : 21) Level of Personal Protecti\'e Equipment Utilized at Time of Incident: (Circle 1) A B C D "'"") What Direction or Training Had Been Given on the Task? 23) How Can You or the Company Prevent Similar Incidents from Happening Again: 24) Did Personal Protecti\'e Equipment Fail? (Tyvek Torn, Respirator Failed, Etc.) : □ Yes □ No If Yes, Describe. 25) What Action Has or Will be Taken to Prevent Similar Occurences? 26) Additional Comments. (Attach Another Sheet if Necessary). Signatures Signature: Date: (Employee) Signarure: Date: (Immediate Supervisor) Signarure: Date: (Site Supervisor) Saved Under : MacDraft / Thomas 1-4 Form #201 INCIDENT REPORT INSTRUCTIONS Instructions For Supervisor This Form Must Be Filled Out Completely and Accurately By the Employee's Supervisor. Do Not Leave Blanks. Use NIA where Not Applicable is Warranted. With111 24 Hours. Send a Copy of the Completed Form to the Project Manager, Human Resources Department, and Corporate Health & Safety Officer. Retain a Copy at the Job Site for the Duration of the Project. Attach to Report Any Relevant or Related Information (Photographs, Doctors Slips, 'Nitness Statements, Etc.) .For a Death or Multiple Employee Injuries, Verbal Notification Is Mandatory in No More Than 4 Hours From the Time the Incident Occured. Fill In the Site OSHA 200 Form If the Incident Is OSHA Reportable. CONSENT FOR THE RELEASE OF CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION I, authorize _____________ to disclose to all information., including any test results, related to my injury. This information is being requested for the purpose of evaluating light-duty. I understand that my records are protected under the Federal Confidentiality Regulation and cannot be disclosed without my written consent unless otherwise provided for in the regulation. I understand that I may cancel this authorization at any time except when the above information has already been released in accordance with the authorization. Signature of Patient: Date: Signature ofWitness: Date: Tlt.is authorization is not valid unless ALL pertinent sections are completed. APPENDIX VI HAZOP BCD Process System and Control Evaluation and Plan (Contractor To Provide) APPENDIX VII Task Assessment Hazard Analysis (Contractor To Provide) TASK ASSESSMENT/HAZARD ANALYSIS TASK/OPERATION: DEFINE TASK: Hazard Class Rating A, B, C PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS: Total Personnel Needed: ---- (Give a brief description of each job category) Supervisors/Foremen: _________________________ _ Operators/Equipment Operators: ____________________ _ Laborers: ------------------------------ Health & Safety: _________________________ _ IDENTIFIED HAZARDS: 0 Mechanical 0 Confined Space 0 Pressurized Vessels 0 Electrical 0 Repetitive Motion 0 Flame/Fire/Welding 0 Physical 0 Radiation 0 Lifting, Pulling, Pushing 0 Hydraulic 0 Lighting 0 Noise 0 Pneumatic 0 Explosive Atmosphere 0 Water Hazards 0 MachineryN ehicles 0 Excavation/Trenches 0 Natural 0 Inclement Weather 0 Crushing Hazards 0 Asbestos/Lead 0 Housekeeping 0 Temperature Extreme 0 Rigging/Lifting/Cranes 0 Chemical/Corrosives/To 0 Elevated Work / Fall 0 Oxygen deficient xins Hazard atmosphere 0 Electromagnetic 0 Blood-borne Pathogens 0 Poisonous Plants/ Animals Radiation 0 Other Describe above hazards in detail: VFL Technology Corporation Page I of4 TASK ASSESSMENT/HAZARD ANALYSIS REQUIRED EQUIPMENT: General: 0 Hand Tools 0 Ventilation 0 Decon Supplies 0 Electric Tools 0 Life Lines 0 Rescue Equipment 0 Pneumatic Tools 0 Fire Extinguishers 0 Blood Exposure Kit 0 Body Harness/Fall 0 Life Vest/Flotation 0 Rigging -Slings, Straps, Restraint Devices Cables 0 Breathing Air/ 0 Barriers/Marking Tape/ 0 Portable Lighting/Low Respiratory Protection Guards Voltage Lighting 0 Communication Device 0 Scaffolding 0 LO/TO Hardware 0 Air Monitoring 0 Spill Response Materials Equipment Describe Equipment Needed: Monitoring Equipment: 0 02, LEL, CO, H2S Meter O Noise Meter O Organic Vapor Meter O Electro Magnetic Meter O Radiation Survey Meter I Frisker O Other Toxic, (specify) O Colorimetric Tubes, (specify) MachineryN ehicles: 0 Back hoe 0 Fork Truck 0 Low-Boy Truck 0 Front-end Loader 0 Excavator 0 Generators / Air compressors 0 Other (specify) Personal Protective Equipment {PPE): O Protection Clothing (Circle Appropriate Level): O Dump Truck O Pick-up Truck A B C D O Hearing Protection O Head Protection O Splash Protection O Cool Vest O Fire/Heat Protection O Eye Protection O Water/Liquid: Wet Suit, Dry Suit, 0 Wear Points, Knee Pads, Elbow Pads Apron O Gloves, Type: O Boots, Type: O CPR Breathing Devices VFL Technology Corporation Page 2 of 4 TASK ASSESSMENT/HAZARD ANAL YS/S Required Work Practices/Administrative Controls and Engineering Controls: 0 Administrative Controls: 0 Engineering Controls: 0 Standard Operating Procedures: 0 Related Task Assessment/Hazard Analysis Forms: Class C: Prepared By Approved By (Operations) Approved By (Site Safety) Class B: Approved By (Corporate Safety) Approved By (Project Manager) Class A: Approved By (V.P. Operations) Approved By (Pres/Sr Vice Pres) VFL Technology Corporation date date date date date date date Page 3 of4 TASK ASSESSMENT/HAZARD ANALYSIS Basic Job/Work Tasks Description: Health and Safety Monitoring Plan: Support Personnel Job Description: VFL Technology Corporation Page 4 of4 APPENDIX VIII Dust Exposures Calculation Worksheet Chemical Aluminum Antimony 0.5 Arsenic 0.01 Barium 0.5 Beryllium 0.002 Cadmium 0.005 Chlordane 0.5 Chromium 0.5 Chrome (hexl 0.01 Cobalt 0.02 Copper 1 Cyanides 5 Dioxins, TEQ 1E-09 Endosulfan 0.1 2~50E+44i:,.. : · _0.00 · ... :" :.: .. : 0.000 ~~1::zse·+-15.\ .· ~o~-oo <---:_~ .. _::~::: ·: -o~·ooo i~:~~~-:~;'?-.. ·· < -t~~ ·.: :: _;~c :. -.g:_ggr ' '' . Fluorides 2.5 Lead 0.05 \6;251:+,14.,. · 0:00 . . -j / 0~090 . ~<J:2sE+\3 :0 -··. -·: • o·.oo ·, • · \: -·· · Cl~000 -IVlanganese 0.2 iercury 0.025 ·:···0-e.'.+1::f:·, :.· .· .:o:oo -j >,::'--0 :000 · H:: :f:_:~ctocm .-• · Nickel 1 Oil Mist 5 PCBs 0.5 PNAs 0.2 Phthalates 5 ROX 0.5 Selenium 0.2 Silica 0.05 Silver 0.01 Thallium 0.1 Tin 2 Titanium 10 ·g Trinitrotoluene 0.1 d Vanadium Zinc '.ciJt :J~~~ 0 EQUATIONS USED IN THIS CALCULATION '"'ust action level = .. ·or one dust) ( 1 E + 6)(Exposure Limit mg/m3) (Concentration mg/kgl(Safety Factor) APPENDIX IX Lockout/Tag-Out Procedures (Contractor To Provide) APPENDIX X Confined Space Entry Procedures ( Contractor To Provide For Each Specific Equipment/Apparatus Generic Plan Attached) CONFINED SPACE ENTRY PROGRAM for EXAMPLE PLAN FOR SPECIFICATION ··-·· ·•:·•• c.: :;~;:...,:~; .. : •. :::·-:~·-· TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 PURPOSE ................................................. 1 2 SCOPE ............................................................ 1 3 POLICY .......................................................... 1 4 ENTRY PERMIT SYSTEM ....................................... 3 4.1 CONFINED SPACE ENTRY PERMITS .................................. 3 4.2 CONFINED SPACE RESCUE PLANS ................................... 3 4.3 lsSUANCE OF PERMITS ........................................... 3 4.4 SPECIAL PERMIT-EXEMPT ENTRIES ................................. 3 5 KEY PERSONNEL RESPONSIBILITIES ......................... 4 5.1 ENTRY SUPERVISOR ............................................. 4 5.2 ENTRANT .................................................... 4 5.3 ATTENDANT ................................................. 4 5.4 RESCUE PERSONNEL ............................................. 5 5.4.1 Non-Entry Rescue Personnel ................................ 5 5.4.2 In-House Entry Rescue Team ............................... 5 6 TRAIN'IN"G ........................................................ 7 6.1 ALL AFFECTED EMPLOYEES ....................................... 7 6.2 AUTIIORIZED ENTRANTS .......................................... 7 6.3 ATTENDANT ................................................... 7 6.4 ENTRY SUPERVISOR ............................................. 8 6.5 RESCUE PERSONNEL ............................................. 8 6.6 TAIL GA TE SAFETY BRIEFING ...................................... 9 7 CONTRACTORS ................................................ 10 8 MONITORING AND EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT .............. 11 8.1 INSTRUMENT CALIBRATION ...................................... 11 9 SAFE PROCEDURES FOR CONFINED SPACE ENTRY ......... 12 9.1 DESIGNATED PERMIT-REQUIRED CONFINED SPACES .................. 12 9.2 MINIMUM REQUIRED PROCEDURES FOR ALL PERMIT-REQUIRED CONFINED SPACES ...................................................... 13 9.3 SPECIAL PROCEDURES FOR SPECIFIC PERMIT-REQUIRED SPACES ........ 16 E..'"<AMPLE Camiilcd Spacct Entry Progam ~4119199 APPENDIX I -FORMS ................................................ 17 APPENDIX II -SIGNS & SYMPTOMS OF CO:MM:ON ATMOSPHERIC HA.ZARDS ................ _ ....................... _ ................... 22 APPENDIX ill -CONFINED SPACE ENTRY EQUIP1\1ENT ........... 24 EXA.'111PLE Coniimd Spacc·Enay Progr2m Isa~4/1.9,'99 11 1 PURPOSE This program establishes the minimum requirements for the safe entry, continued work in and exit from Confined Spaces in accordance with the OSHA Permit Required Confined Space Entry Standard 29 CFR 1910.146. This written plan will provide employees with a Confined Space Entry System to prevent serious accidents which could result from entry into spaces deficient in oxygen, containing dangerous air contaminants, or other hazardous conditions in those confined spaces. 2 SCOPE This procedure will apply to ALL Ei\fPLOYEES working for the Contractor as well as all contractor employees entering or monitoring a confined space. A Confined Space is defined as any area which meets the following characteristics - • can be entered by an individual to perform work, but is not intended for continuous human occupancy; • has limited means of entry and exit. A Permit-Required Confined Space is defined as any Confined Space with any of the following characteristics - • could have unfavorable natural ventilation; • has the potential to contain or produce a hazardous atmosphere ( e.g., oxygen deficiency or chemical contaminants); • contains materials with potential to engulf the entrant; • has an internal configuration which could entrap or asphyxiate entrant; or • contains any other recognized serious safety or health hazard. These areas may also possess any significant safety or health hazards, such as containing equipment or materials which could engulf a worker or expose them to the uncontrolled release of a hazardous source of energy. Examples of these areas include, but are not limited to, tanks, sewers, tunnels, Mobile leaf vacuums, trenches, pump stations and manholes. 3 POLICY No worker, contract employee or visitor to the site will enter a confined space unless a confined space entry permit has been completed and signed by a qualified person, who will serve as the Entry Supervisor. The permit will be signed by the workers authorized to enter the space ("Authorized Entrants"), the person testing the atmosphere in the space and monitoring entrant safety (the "Attendant"), and the Entry Supervisor. The permit is valid for only one shift or less, for specific work tasks conducted in each confined space. A new permit will be issued for each subsequent shift, new work task or confined space location. The completed permits will be retained by the Health and Safety Officer (HSO) for a minimum of one year following the entry. The use of appropriate environmental and chemical monitoring devices, such as oxygen monitors, combustible gas meters, and toxic gas monitors are required prior to and during the entry. EXAMPLE Confined Space Entry Progmn Issued/Revised: 4/19/99 1 4 ENTRY PERl\flT SYSTEM Toe Confined Space Entry Permit System will consist of two parts - (1) A Confmed Space Entry Permit (2) A Confmed Space Rescue Plan checklist Both will be issued for each work period in which confined space activities are being performed. In no case will a permit extend beyond a single work shift (i.e., eight hours). 4.1 CONFINED SPACE ENTRY PERMITS A Confined Space Entry Permit consists of information necessary for the safe entry into a confined space. This information will include identification of the space and its hazards, identification of key personnel, necessary equipment for safe entry, and atmospheric monitoring conditions. Permits will be issued for entry into only one specific confined space. This will be posted at the entrance to the confined space during entry or kept in the possession of the primary Attendant. This permit will indicate the identity of the permitted space to be entered, the purpose of the entry, the date and authorized duration of entry permit, name(s) of authorized entrants, attendants and non-entry rescue personnel, tasks being performed, known or potential hazards, acceptable entry conditions, special safety requirements, use of personal protective equipment or monitoring devices, available rescue team and the signature of the Entry Supervisor. At the conclusion of each confined space entry, permits will be closed out by the Entry Supervisor and forwarded to the HSO for filing. Confmed Space Entry Permits will be kept on file for at least one year following the entry. These permits will be periodically reviewed by the Entry Supervisor to ensure that procedures outlined in this plan are adequate to control or eliminate confined space hazards. 4.2 CONFINED SPACE RESCUE PLANS Confined Space Rescue Plans will be attached and posted with Confmed Space Entry Permits at the entry to the confined space. The Rescue Plan will consist of preplanned information used in determining equipment and personnel needs in the event of an accident or injury in the confined space. This plan will include listings of required rescue equipment, emergency telephone numbers, emergency contacts and the means to contact them, as well as the procedures for a safe rescue of personnel under likely emergency scenarios. 4.3 ISSUANCE OF PERMITS Entry into a Confined Space will be authorized only by the Entry Supervisor, whose signature must appear at the bottom of the permit. The Entry Supervisor will: EXAMPLE Confined Space Entry Program Luuedl'Rcviscd: 4119/99 2 a. complete the Entry Checklist and Atmospheric/Environmental Tests portions of the entry permit; b. verify that all atmospheric testing and ventilation has been completed c. verify by checking that rescue personnel and all hazard warning devices and safety equipments are available; d. assure that an Attendant is stationed at the entrance to the confined space throughout the work period. 4.4 SPECIAL PERMIT-EXEMPT ENTRIES In limited special cases, such as diked areas surrounding tanks, a "confined space" may be entered without a confined space permit if all the following conditions have been met: a. There is no reason to believe that there could be escape of a flammable, toxic or corrosive material into the area in sufficient quantity to create an IDLH atmosphere or oxygen-deficiency; b. Atmospheric hazards (if any), such as exposure to chemicals, can be controlled easily through the use of additional ventilation, such as a forced air blower, and the blower is to be used during this entry; c. Toe confined space has been entered previously under similar circumstances, the atmosphere monitored and documented, and no significant atmospheric hazards were discovered; and, d. No other significant physical hazards exist, such engulfment, entrapment, electrical or slip/trip/fall hazards, which are unique to the confined space. Upon verification of the above by the Entry Supervisor, the air will be initially tested for chemical or oxygen-deficiency hazards. If acceptable, then workers will be allowed to work without a permit or Attendant. If any of the above conditions could potentially exist, then permitted entry is required. EXAMPLE Confined Space Entry Program l.ssucd/Revised 4119199 3 5 KEY PERSONNEL RESPONSIBILITIES 5.1 ENTRY SUPERVISOR The Entry Supervisor is a "competent person," as defined by OSHA, in charge of approving and overseeing confmed space entries. An Entry Supervisor is an individual that is therefore capable by virtue of education, experience and/or specialized training, of anticipating, recognizing and evaluating employee exposure to hazardous substances or other unsafe conditions in a confined space. This person also has the authority to specify the necessary control or protective measures to ensure worker safety and take appropriate corrective measures. The Entry Supervisor will be responsible for authorizing Confined Space Entry Permits. Primary Entry supervisor: To Be Provided by Contractor Other Approved Entry Supervisors: PLEASE LIST OTHER ACCEPTABLE SUPERVISORS 5.2 ENTRANTS Prior to entering any confined space, each Entrant will be responsible for understanding the following items - • The potential hazards of the confmed space. • The equipment required for each entry, including emergency equipment, and its proper use. • How to communicate with the Attendant and/or rescue personnel under normal, non- routine and emergency circumstances. • How to alert Attendant of problems or unusual conditions. • What conditions will require their immediate removal from the confined space? Examples include, but are not limited to, instructions by the Attendant to leave, recognized warning signs, detection of prohibited conditions and notification of general evacuation from the site. 5.3 ATTENDANT An Attendant is an individual named on each Confmed Space Entry Permit who will monitor the workers continually during permitted entries. The Attendant will: a. Remain outside of the confined space at all times. b. Maintain continuous communication by voice, visual observation, radio, telephone, or other equally effective means with all authorized entrants. If it is not possible for one Attendant to maintain communications with each entrant, then other arrangements will be made to assure that the Attendant is continuously aware of the location and condition EXAMPLE Confined Space Entry Program Lssued/Rcvised: 4119/99 4 of any entrant who is out of range of direct communication. More than one Attendant may be necessary when one individual is not capable of overseeing all Entrants. c. Has the authority to order entrants to exit the confined space at the first indication of non-permitted conditions. d. Know the procedures and means to summon immediate emergency assistance. e. Remain at his/her post and not leave for any reason except self-preservation, unless replaced by an equally qualified individual while entry continues. The Attendant must order the entrants to exit the confined space if the Attendant cannot be replaced with an equally qualified person. f. Warn unauthorized persons not to enter, or to exit immediately if they have entered, and to advise authorized entrants and Entry Supervisor of entry by an unauthorized person(s). 5.4 RESCUE PERSONNEL 5.4.1 Non-Entry Rescue Personnel A specific in-house confined space entry rescue team capable of performing rescues inside confined spaces does !lQl exist at Contractors Site. However, at least two on-site individuals who are not involved in the actual entry into a confined space will be designated as Non-Entry Rescue Personnel to perform rescues which do not require entry into the confined space. Non-Entry Rescue Personnel will be named on the Confined Space Entry Permit and must verify by their signature that they understand and accept their responsibilities. The Attendant may be named concurrently as a Non-Entry Rescue Person. Non-Entry Rescue Personnel will have immediate access to the necessary, non-entry rescue equipment. such as communications devices (e.g., walkie-talkies) to summon additional assistance, confined space retrieval equipment (e.g., tripods with lifelines attached to Entrants), and first aid/CPR equipment. All Non-Entry Rescue Personnel will be trained in accordance with section 6.5 below. Non-Entry Rescue Personnel will be limited to rescues from outside the confined space(s) ONLY 5.4.2 External Rescue Teams The Contractors non-entry rescue personnel will be supported by outside emergency response groups, primarily the Warren Rural County Fire Department, who must be able to respond to the confined space location within a 4 to 5-minute time frame. Additional outside support agencies may be utilized, such as the local fire department, rescue squads haz mat team, or other emergency response organizations. For confined space entries performed routinely or repeatedly at a site, the Entry Supervisor will document in writing that arrangements have been made for the support of the external team. In addition, the names and telephone numbers of external rescue agencies will be listed on the Confined Space Rescue Plan. The Entry Supervisor will ensure by checking prior to each day of EXAMPLE Confined Space Entty Program Issued/Revised: .Vl 9/99 5 confined space entry that the external support team has been notified of the entry, is capable of performing a backup rescue, and is available throughout the period of the entry. Toe external team will be given the opportunity to visit the confined space prior to entry to ensure they are familiar with the site and verify they have the capability to perform rescue. EXAMPLE Confined Space .Enay Program Issued/Revised: 4/19/99 6 6 TRAINING All employees, contractors and visitors to enter a con.fined space will be trained accordingly. Written records will be maintained for each training program which contains the signatures of attending employees, subject matter and duration of training. Retraining in con.fined space entry will occur as soon as the Entry Supervisor identifies any deficiencies in procedures being used or changes in confined spaces. 6.1 ALL AFFECTED EMPLOYEES All employees who may come in contact with (but not necessarily enter) confined spaces in the course of their job shall be made aware of appropriate procedures and controls for entry. They shall be informed that unauthorized entry into confined spaces is forbidden and may result in disciplinary action. They shall also be informed that the consequences of unauthorized entry may be fatal, and that their senses may not be sufficient to detect the severity of the environmental hazard( s). 6.2 AUTHORIZED ENTRANTS Individuals who may be authorized to enter a confined space will be given Confined Space Entry Training. The content of this training will include: a. Understanding the nature of hazard(s) in confined spaces b. Proper use of Personal Protective Equipment c. Proper use of Respiratory Protective Devices d. Self-Rescue and exiting from a confined space e. Symptoms of exposure and toxic effects of potential hazardous materials f. Communication with the Attendant g. Special or modification of normal work practices while in a confined space h. Use and calibration procedures of testing equipment 1. The contents of this Confined Space Entry Program j. Other job-specific training such as: • competent person for excavation • traffic safety • lockout / tagout In addition to the above, evacuation drills will be conducted periodically by the Entry Supervisor to test the adequacy of training. 6.3 ATTENDANT Attendants shall be trained at least to the level of an Authorized Entrant plus the following competencies: EXAMPLE Confined Space Entry Progr3111 IssuedlRmsed: 4119199 7 a. Proper use of communications equipment for communicating with authorized entrants or summoning emergency or rescue personnel. b. Procedures for summoning rescue personnel or other emergency services. c. Recognition of early behavior signs of exposure to chemical contaminants or asphyxiation that may be present in the confined space(s). d. Attendant responsibilities indicated in section 5 .2 above. e. Proper calibration and use of atmospheric monitoring equipment. 6.4 ENTRY SUPERVISOR The Entry Supervisor shall be trained at least annually in the following a. Authorized Entrant requirements in section 6.2. b. Attendant requirements in section 6.3. c. Proper procedures for completing a confined space entry permit. 6.5 RESCUE PERSONNEL In addition to the training requirements for Authorized Entrants, as per section 6.2, all "Rescue Team" personnel shall be trained in: a. Use of available retrieval and rescue equipment. b. Practice in removing simulated or real people through representative openings of the same size, configuration and access as the confined space(s) from which the actual rescue would be required. c. At least one member of the rescue team shall hold a current certification in basic first aid and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) from an accredited organization, such as the American Red Cross. Since outside emergency response organizations are to be called upon to perform rescue operations, the Contractors Site will verify that these external rescue squads have received the proper training in the types of confined spaces that will be encountered prior to the confined space work. EXAMPLE Confined Space Entry Program ls.Ne /Revised: 4119199 8 6.6 TAILGATE SAFETY BRIEFING Before each confined space entry, the Supervisor or his designee will discuss the job and review safe procedures with all applicable workers. This discussion shall include a review of the job tasks, confined space hazards, permit requirements, rescue plan and any special equipment which may be needed. EXAMPLE Canfined Space Entry Prognm Issued/Revised: 4119199 9 7 CONTRACTORS Tue Contractor will inform all workers performing work in or around confined spaces of any reasonably ascertainable potential fire, explosion, health or other safety hazards associated with that work. Tue applicable specifics of this Confined Space Entry Program, emergency procedures and other relevant safety procedures will also be made known to the contractor. If Subcontractors are required to enter a confined space, they will be required to coordinate entry with the Contractors HSO's personnel. (Subcontractors will generally be required to follow this Confined Space Entry Program, including the use of the attached permits, rescue plan, and all appropriate procedures, unless they can demonstrate that their program is equally effective). All subcontractor employees must show documentation in writing they have been trained in accordance with the OSHA Confined Space Entry Standard based on their assigned duties. Contractors will be required to supply their own air monitoring instrumentation ( calibrated daily), personal protective equipment and rescue equipment, unless other arrangements are made prior to site activities. Tue Contractor's Supervisor or his designee will ensure that all equipment and procedures are accounted for. Subcontractors will be prevented from confined space entry if all necessary precautions are not in place. Following confined space entry by subcontractors, the Contractors Supervisor, or his designee, will debrief subcontractors on their activities to identify any special hazards or concerns. Copies of subcontractor permits will be kept on file by the HSO. EXAMPLE Confined Space Entry Program ls&ued/Revised: 4119/99 8 MONITORINGANDEMERGENCYEQUIPMENT The Health and Safety Officer will maintain a list of available environmental monitoring and emergency equipment. This list is attached as Append.ix ill. All monitoring and emergency equipment will be maintained in good working order. At a minimum, oxygen and combustible vapors/gases will be measured prior to entering any confined space, including permit-exempt spaces. 8.1 INSTRUMENT CALIBRATION At a minimum, calibration, field tests and maintenance shall be performed in accordance with the manufacturer's instruction manual. When potential IDLH conditions are possible during any confined space entry, air monitoring instruments will be conducted daily before use. The results of calibrations will be logged on the permit or field log. All atmospheric monitoring equipment, including permanently mounted sensors, shall be recalibrated prior to use following any repairs or periods of extended non-use. Calibrations will be performed using standard calibration gases which are most representative of the aonospheric condition or contaminant of concern. Methane will be used to calibrate combustible gas meters where natural gas, swamp gas, sewage system manholes/sludge's or trench excavations are present in the absence of other environmental contaminants. Pentane calibration gas may also be used for natural gas or where petroleum hydrocarbons, such as gasoline or fuel oil, are present. The appropriate adjustment factor for the contaminant of concern relative to the calibration gas will be ascertained from the instrument's manufacturer instructions prior to instrument use in the field. EXAMPLE Confined Spate Entry Program ~4/19/99 11 9 SAFE PROCEDURES FOR CONFINED SPACE ENTRY 9.1 DESIGNATED PERMIT-REQUIRED CONFINED SPACES The following spaces have been designated as "permit-required confined spaces." 1. Any open trench greater then 4 feet in depth. 2. Any catch basin great then 4 feet in depth. 3. Any manhole regardless of depth . 4. Processing equipment including, but not limited to: • Continuous Thermal Desorption Unit • Batch Vacuum Thermal Desorption Unit • Liquid BCD Reactor • Organic Holding Tanks • Process Condensate Tanks • Clarifier/thickener • Carbon Vessels • Water Cooling Tower • Wet Electrostatic Precipitator • Flameless Thermal Oxidizer • Feed Hoppers S.... PLEASE UST ANYAND ALL ADDITIONAL SPACES NOT LISTED ABOVE The above list is a guide only, additional spaces may be encountered throughout the many job locations encountered by site workers. Affected employees should utilize their training and knowledge to identify any spaces not listed above. Any additional encountered Permit Spaces should be brought to the attention of the Supervisor or his designee. EXAMPLE Confined Space Entry Progmn ls.sucd/R.evised: 4119199 12 9.2 MlNIMuM REQUIRED PROCEDURES FOR ALL PERMIT-REQUIRED CONFINED SPACES 1. All specific identified locations or equipment classified as permit-required confined spaces will be posted conspicuously at their entrance with signs equivalent to the following, when feasible: CONFINED SPACE ENTER BY PERMIT ONLY 2. Prior to entry, a Confined Space Entry Permit and Confined Space Rescue Plan will be completed and approved by the Entry Supervisor. 3. All sources of hazardous energy supplying or entering the space must be isolated, locked-out, tagged-out, or otherwise secured, in accordance with the Contractors 's Lockout/Tagout Policy. 4. Where there is a hazard of moving or falling equipment near the confined space, pedestrian and vehicle barriers will be put in place to protect entrants. 5. The atmosphere inside the space must be tested for oxygen content and combustible gases before entry and continuously throughout entry. The oxygen level must be at or above 19.5% oxygen and below 23% • If the oxygen level is below 19.5 or above 23% NO ONE MAY ENTER THE SPACE. • Provide forced ventilation from a clean source to the space, whenever possible, to bring the oxygen content to between 20% and 21 % . EXAMPLE Coafined Space Enlry Progrmi lmled/Revised: 41 I 9199 13 Combustible gases/vapors, measured as the percent ( % ) of the Lower Explosive Limit (LEL), must be below 5% under normal circumstances. • If the sustained level of combustible gas/vapor is between 5 and 10 % of the LEL, work may continue with caution, however, the air must be monitored continuously for combustible gases. • If the combustible gas level exceeds 10% of the LEL, work will stop immediately, and all workers will be removed from the confined space. Investigate the source(s) of the combustible substance and eliminate. The level of combustible gas must be brought below 10% of the LEL either by removing the source(s) or by forced ventilation, before work may resume. 6. The atmosphere in the space must be tested for toxic or hazardous materials (e.g., organic vapors, acids, caustics or hazardous dusts), as deemed necessary for the chemical hazards of the confined space, before entry and periodically throughout the entry. The frequency of testing will be determined by the types of compounds, the risks posed by the hazardous substances, and the types of work activities. The types and frequency of repeat testing will be specified on the Confined Space Entry Permit. At a minimum, the levels of Hydrogen Sulfide and Carbon Monoxide will be monitored continuously to prevent exposure to levels above the OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit-Time Weighted Average (PEL-TWA). No entry will be permitted in atmospheres containing > 50 % of any chemical's respective PEL-TWA without continuous monitoring and forced ventilation. 7. A ladder or stairs are required for all spaces deeper than the average workers' shoulders (about 4'). The ladder will be the last item removed from the space on completion of the work. Ladders will meet the appropriate requirements of the OSHA Ladder Standard. Adequate lighting to be used in hazardous locations shall be provided. In areas containing potentially flammable atmospheres, Class I, Division I, Group C & D intrinsically safe lighting fixtures will be used as a minimum. 8. Mechanical rescue and retrieval equipment are required for all confined space entries with vertical penetrations of 5 feet or greater. In addition, where workers may be exposed to fall hazards of 6 feet or higher, personal fall arrest devices and/or other fall protection systems will be used. Appropriate rescue, retrieval and fall arrest devices may include, but are not limited to, rope or lanyards, full body safety harnesses, a retrieval tripod, and mechanical winch system (with fall arrest system as necessary). All employees will wear an approved safety harness with a lifeline attached when the space is entered through a manhole, or similar narrow opening, unless the use of the lifeline would create a greater hazard due to entanglement, etc. No one should attempt a rescue unless adequate support assistance is on the scene. 9. A safety observer (Attendant), whose sole duty is to ensure a safe entry, will be at the entrance in constant contact with the workers in the space. At no time will the Attendant be allowed to enter the confined space or discontinue communications with the entrants. If visual contact is not possible, then radio or intercom contact must be available. EXAMPLE Confined Space Entry Program Issued/Revised: 4119/99 14 10. To the extent practical, those individuals designated as Rescue Personnel will be made aware of the confined space entry and procedures established for their immediate response. 11. Other Contractor employees working in the area will be notified of appropriate precautions and procedures for working around confined spaces. 12. In the event that conditions are discovered that pose potential hazards, including discovery of atmospheric testing results beyond entry guideline limits, all entrants will be withdrawn from the space and the Entry Supervisor notified of these conditions. A decision will be made to cancel the permit or continue operations when conditions return to normal. 13. Hot work will not be performed inside of a Permit Required Confined Space. Only hydraulic, or pneumatic type cutting tools will be utilized. 14. No entry will be made by employees into spaces where respiratory protection would be required. Contractor employees will be utilized under such circumstances and appropriate procedures will be employed. 15. Employee protective systems will be utilized, as deemed appropriate by the entry supervisor, in all trench spaces. EXAMPLE Confined Space Entty PTogrmi Issued/R.evised: 41 I 9/99 15 9.3 REQUIRED PROCEDURES FOR ALL PERMIT-EXEMPT CONFINED SPACES 1. Toe atmosphere in the space must be tested for oxygen content before entry and periodically throughout entry. The oxygen level must remain at normal levels throughout entry (i.e., 20-21 %). If unfavorable oxygen levels are determined, entrants will be withdrawn immediately, and forced ventilation from a clean source will be provided to bring the oxygen content to between 20 % and 21 % . 2. Toe atmosphere in the space must be tested for combustible gases and vapors before and periodically throughout entry. At no time may the concentration of combustible vapors/ gases exceed 5 % of the LEL. In the event vapors/ gases exceed 5 % of the LEL, workers will be removed immediately from the space and forced ventilation will be provided to bring combustible levels to less than 5 % 3. Toe atmosphere in the space must be tested for toxic or hazardous materials (e.g., organic vapors, acids, caustics or hazardous dusts), as deemed necessary for the chemical hazards of the confined space, before entry and periodically throughout the entry. The frequency of testing will be determined by the types of compounds, the risks posed by the hazardous substances, and the types of work activities. The frequency of repeat testing will be specified on the Confined Space Entry Permit. Workers will be removed and forced ventilation applied if vapor/dust concentrations exceed 50 % of. their applicable PELs. EXAMPLE Confined Space Entry Program lssuedlReviscd: 41 I 9199 16 EXAMPLE Confuu:d Space Entry Pro~ lssued/Rmsed: 4/19/99 APPENDIX I -FORMS 17 II LOCATION of Confined Scace: PURPOSE of Entty: DESCRIPTION of Confmed Space: ENTRY SUPERVISOR: Authorized Entrants Item Basic Equipment Air monit0ring • a O, a LEL a H,S a CO Explosion-proof lighting Communications • Mechanical blower/ventilation Aluminum shoring "'umps for water removal- Personal Protective Equipment · Hearing· Clothing· Gloves• Eye/Face• Head· traffic vests- Special Precautions & Equipment: Test Parameter % Oxnen (0.) % ofLEL Hvdromt Sulfide (H,S) Carbon Monoxide (CO) CONFINED SPACE ENfRY PERMIT Permit Date: nme: Exlllr-atlon: Supervisor Phone: Attecdant(s) Non-Entry Rescue PersoMel 1st• 2nd· ENTRY Rescue Team (verified by su~r): ReQulred Checked NIA Item Required Checked NIA Other Safety Precautions Permitted Condition Between 19.S • 23 % <lO'lli < JO opm <35 ppm LOTO • electrical LOTO • mechanical purge. block & bleed Traffic warning devices- Light plant Rescue Plan Non-Entry Rescue equipment Entry Rescue equipment Escape airline breathing system Entry Rescue Team notification Fire fighting equipment- Perform Test ---------------. YES No Test Frequency Initial ~suits ActeptedBy (Initials) The Entry Supervisor has verified that all entry conditions have been satisfied and authorizes work to proceed as specified: Date: CONFINED SPACE RESCUE PLAN r .... nfined Space Identification_·---------------------------- Likely Accident/Emergency Scenarios: 1. 3. Emergency Contacts: Group Contact Phone # or Radio Code First Aid Squad Rescue Squad Plant/ Security Entry Supervisor Required Basic Emergency Equipment (check all that apply) - □ radio □ phone □ bullhorn □ fire extinguisher, type -__ D first aid kit Other-______________________________ Required _ ,un-Entry Rescue Equipment ( check all that apply) - □ full body harness □ lifeline □ fall arrest □ mechanical winch □ tripod DUnihoist □ lanyard Other -________________________ _ Required Entry Rescue.Equipment (check all that apply) - □ SCBA -# □ air-line w/ escape bottle -# __ □ stretcher □ chem resistant PPE Other-_____________________________ _ Describe Procedures for .... Non-Entry Rescue Entry Rescue Conscious Victim Unconscious Victim E:MERGENCY CONTACT AND NOTIFICATION SYSTEM ORGANIZATION CONTACT TELEPHONE Ambulance 911 Of Local Police 911 or Fire Department 911 or State Police Hospital Poison Control Center 1-(800)-962-1253 NCDENR 1-(919)-733-4996 ext.308 CHEMTREC 1-(800)-424-9300 Hazardous Materials Team 911 or Plant Contact Entry Supervisor Please UPDATELISTAS YQUSEEFITWITHHQSPITALNAME. CQNTACTNAMES. ETC E.'XAMPLE-Cammed S~Entry Prognm- I.wlecl/R.e.vis 4/19199 CONFINED SPACE ENTRY TRAINING LOG Training Date(s): Location: Trainin2 Subject: □ All Employees NAME (Printed) EXAMPLE Confined Space Entry Program Issued/Revised: 4119/99 Hours of Training: Instructor: □ Authorized Entrants □ Attendants D Entry Suoervisors Signature Social Security No. or Employee ID APPENDIX II -SIGNS & SYMPTOMS OF CO:MMON ATMOSPHERIC HAZARDS 0xygen Deficiency - The normal concentration of oxygen in the atmosphere is about 21 % (20.9% to be exact). The process of breathing, rusting of metal, welding, combustion, and chemical reaction/decomposition, can reduce the amount of oxygen available to support life. Gases, such as carbon dioxide (from breathing or decomposition), nitrogen, and argon, can displace oxygen. OSHA considers 19 .5% oxygen to be the concentration which is Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health (IDLH). No worker may enter or work in a space below the IDLH level without an SCBA or air-line respirator with an escape bottle. The effects from oxygen deficiency often resemble other symptoms - • 14-16% -feeling tired, weak, lightheaded, heavy breathing, ringing in the ears • 10-12% -disorientation, severe tiredness, difficulty breathing, some loss of consciousness • 6-10% -loss of consciousness, cardiac and respiratory arrest, death within a few minutes Combustible Gas and Vapor - Gases and vapors may bum when the surrounding temperature is at or above their Flash Point, and the concentration of the gas/vapor is between their Lower Explosive Limit (LEL) and Upper Explosive Limit (UEL). LEL and UEL are commonly measured in percent of the vapor/gas in air. LEL values are typically in the 1 % range for most materials. 1 % = 10,000 ppm. Levels of flammable or combustibles more than 10% of '.1e LEL is considered to be IDLH. Hydrogen Sulfide - Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a gas usually associated with the decomposition of organic matter, such as plants or sewage. It has a rotten egg odor at low concentrations. However, within about 20 minutes, hydrogen sulfide causes a process in the human body, called "olfactory fatigue,n whereby the sense of smell to hydrogen sulfide is lost, even when present at high levels. This prevents warning that hydrogen sulfide is present. Since hydrogen sulfide has poor warning properties, cartridge respirators may not be used, except for short-term "escape" purposes. At high concentrations, 10-20 ppm, hydrogen sulfide can cause irritation to the eyes, nose and throat. It may also cause headache, fatigue, irritability, insomnia and upset stomach. At very high levels (50 ppm or above), hydrogen sulfide can cause severe eye tissue damage, pulmonary edema and central nervous system damage. Hydrogen sulfide is also flammable at very high levels, well over the IDLH level. OSHA PEL = 10 ppm EXAMPLE Confined Space Entry Prognm lssucdlkvised: 4119199 IDLH = 100 ppm Carbon Monoxide - ....,arbon Monoxide (CO) is an odorless and colorless gas, commonly formed as a byproduct of combustion. It causes asphyxiation because the hemoglobin in the blood prefers to take in CO rather than oxygen, when both are present Symptoms of exposure include tiredness, headache, disorientation and a cherry red color to the skin. Because CO has inadequate warning properties, only an SCBA or airline respirator with an escape bottle may be used in its presence. OSHA PEL = 50 ppm EXAMPLE Confined Space Entry Progrmi Lssu.ed/Rcvised 4119/99 IDLH = 200 ppm ---------------.--------~ APPENDIX ill -CONFINED SPACE ENTRY EQUIPMENT EXAMPLE Confined Spece Entry Progrmi Issued/Revised: 4119/99 APPENDIX XI Vendor Supplied Information ( Contractor To Provide) APPENDIX XII Material Safety Data Sheets ( Contractor To Provide) APPENDIX XIII Example Drug and Alcohol Policy DRUG AND ALCOHOL POLICY A. GENERAL POLICY The Contractor is committed to maintaining a work environment free from illegal drug use and alcohol use. To that end the Contractor has adopted this illegal drug use and alcohol abuse policy ("Drug and Alcohol Policy"). Compliance with the Contractor's Drug and Alcohol Policy is a condition of your employment. Employees of the Contractor are expected and required to report to work on time and in an appropriate mental and physical condition for work. Any employee who violates the Contractor's Drug and Alcohol Policy will be subject to disciplinary action, up to and including termination from employment. In addition, the Contractor from time to time may publish additional rules relating to this Drug and Alcohol Policy to govern conduct at a particular client's job site; employees at such site will be required to comply with both the Contractor's Drug and Alcohol Policy and such additional rules. Certain terms used in this Drug and Alcohol Policy are defined in Appendix A, attached. B. PROHIBITED ACTIVITIES The Contractor strictly prohibits its employees from engaging in the following activities: (1) the unauthorized use, possession, manufacture, distribution, dispensation, or sale of illegal drugs, drug paraphernalia, controlled substances, or alcohol on the Contractor's premises, in a Contractor-supplied vehicle, at a client's job site, or elsewhere if an employee is engaged in Contractor business; (2) any activity that compromises the integrity or accuracy of the Contractor's illegal drug and alcohol testing program; (3) any failure or refusal to abide by the Contractor's Drug and Alcohol Policy or, where applicable, additional rules relating to the Contractor's Drug and Alcohol Policy governing conduct at a particular job site; and (4) any conviction under a criminal drug statute for violations occurring in the work place, during working hours, or when an employee of the Contractor is engaged in Contractor business. Any employee who is convicted under any criminal drug statute for violations occurring in the work place, during working house, or while an employee of the Contractor is engaged in Contractor business must provide written notice of such conviction to the Contractor's Human Resources Department no later than five (5) working days after such conviction. Any violations of the Contractor's Drug and Alcohol Policy and such additional rules as may be applicable to employees at a particular client's job site may result in disciplinary action, up to and including termination from employment, and may have other legal consequences. 1 The Contractor further prohibits any employee from reporting for work while under the influence of illegal drugs or alcohol and from entering onto the Contractor's premises or any other location (including, but not limited to, a client's job site) where an employee is representing the Contractor. An employee discovered to be under the influence of illegal drugs or alcohol while at work or during working hours will be declared unfit for work by his supervisor, relieved from his or her duties, will be sent home, and will be subject to disciplinary action, up to and including termination from employment. C. TESTING The Contractor may require its employees and applicants for employment who have been extended an offer to be tested for illegal drugs or alcohol under the following circumstances: (1) as a condition of hiring; (2) when the Contractor has reason to believe that the employee's work performance or on-the-job behavior may have been affected in any way by illegal drug use or alcohol abuse; (3) at the time each employee is required to undergo a physical examination as part of the Contractor's Corporate Health Monitoring Program (such physical examinations to occur at least once a year); ( 4) where required as a condition of a contract at a facility of a client of the Contractor; and (5) when the Contractor determines that an employee may have caused or contributed to an accident involving a fatality, serious bodily injury, or substantial damage to property. Drug testing of employees assigned to a job site will be performed on an unannounced random basis throughout the duration of the contract governing work at that site. In addition, employees returning from an illegal drug and/or alcohol rehabilitation program will also be tested on an unannounced random basis from time to time. Each employee of the Contractor assigned to a job site must sign the attached consent form acknowledging that the employee understands that he or she is subject to illegal drug and/or alcohol testing as set forth herein. A copy of this form is attached to this policy as Appendix B. Any employee who refuses to be tested as provided for herein may be removed from or denied entrance to the job site. Any positive test result stemming from illegal drug use or alcohol abuse may be a violation of the Contractor's Drug and Alcohol Policy and/or these rules pertaining to the job site. The Contractor will take steps to ensure the confidentiality of drug and alcohol testing results in order to protect the privacy of tested persons. For the purpose of establishing eligibility to enter a client's property, such drug testing results which are positive will not be disclosed to the Contractor's client. Any employee who has met the eligibility requirements for entry to a job site shall be subject to illegal drug use and/or alcohol abuse testing in various situations including, but not limited to, being involved in an accident or near-miss accident, engaging in conduct indicative of illegal drug use or alcohol abuse, or through random testing. The results of such tests on the Contractor's employees working at the job site may be disclosed to the Contractor's client. 2 Supervisors of the Contractor are trained to identify job performance and on-the-job behavior that may indicate illegal drug use or alcohol abuse. When a supervisor concludes that declining job performance or erratic on-the-job behavior may be the product of illegal drug use and/or alcohol abuse, the supervisor will refer the employee for a breath, saliva, urine, blood test or other appropriate test for illegal drug use or alcohol abuse. Any test for illegal drug use or alcohol abuse will be conducted using reasonable procedural safeguards and with concern for the privacy interests of each employee. D. SEARCHES Where there is an indication that an employee's performance or on-the-job behavior may have been affected in any way by illegal drug use or alcohol abuse, the Contractor reserves the right to search: 1. The employee; 2. A locker, desk, or other property of the Contractor or a client of the Contractor which is under the employee's control; 3. An employee's personal effects located on the Contractor's premises or on the job site of a client of the Contractor; and 4. Any automobile used or owned by an employee which is located on the Contractor's premises or on the job site of a client of the Contractor. E. PREVENTION AND TREATMENT The Contractor recognizes that illegal drug use and/or alcohol abuse is a major health problem and constitutes a potential safety and security problem. To educate employees and their families about the dangers of illegal drug and alcohol abuse, the Contractor has developed a Drug-Free Awareness Program. To assist employees in overcoming illegal drug use and alcohol abuse, the Contractor may offer the following rehabilitative help: l . Medical benefits for substance and alcohol abuse treatment; and 2. Information about community resources for assessment and treatment. AGREED AND ACCEPTED: Employee Signature DATE: 3 APPENDIX A. DEFINITIONS "Drug and Alcohol Abuse Policy" means the policy of the Contractor relating to the use of illegal drugs and the abuse of alcohol. "Drug paraphemaliau means those items commonly used in the administration of illegal drugs. Examples include roach clips, water pipes and bongs, cocaine spoons and straws, and hypodermic syringes. "Illegal drugu means any drug which is not legally obtainable; any drug which is legally obtainable but has not been legally obtained; any prescribed drug not legally obtained; any prescribed drug not being used for the prescribed purpose; any over-the-counter drug being used at a dosage level different than recommended by the manufacturer or being used for a purpose other than intended by the manufacturer; any drug being used for a purpose not in accordance with bona fide medical therapy, or any illegal inhalant. Examples of illegal drugs are marijuana and hashish, cocaine, heroin, phencyclidine (PCP), amphetamines, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, methadone, and so-called designer drugs and look-alike drugs. "Near-miss accident" means any incident which, if it had proceeded to a reasonably possible and more serious level of development, would have had the potential for personal injuries, extensive property damage, and/or liability claims. "Positive test result" means a laboratory conclusion that a specimen was found to contain the presence of a drug. "Possession1' means the presence of any illegal drug or alcohol upon the person of any employee of the Contractor or the storage of any illegal drug or container of alcohol in a locker, desk, or other property under the employee's control which is located on the Contractor's premises or on the job site of a client of the Contractor. "Reason to believe" means a belief that the actions or appearance or conduct of a person are indicative of the use of an illegal drug or alcohol. Such a belief is based on objective, articulable facts. A "reason to believe" situation is any situation in which an employee's job performance is in conflict with established job standards relating to safety and efficiency. The term includes, but not limited to, accidents, near-miss accidents, erratic conduct suggestive of drug or deviations from normal behavior and/or productivity. "Substance abuse1' means the use of any illegal drug or the misuse of alcohol or any prescription drug. "Testing" means the analysis of urine, breath, blood or other biological specimens of the human body. Drug testing, as used herein, specifically means the analysis of urine to detect the presence of any illegal drug. 4 APPENDIXB . CONSENT TO TESTING DATE: I understand that if assigned to a job site, I am subject to random illegal drug use and/or alcohol abuse testing. I understand that I am now being asked to provide a specimen of my breath, blood or urine for the purpose of determining the presence of illegal drugs and/or alcohol in my body system(s). I understand that I cannot be compelled to provide specimens for illegal drug and/or alcohol analysis; however, I also understand if I receive a positive test result for illegal drugs or alcohol or refuse to be tested, I may be removed from and/or prevented from entering the job site. I hereby consent to provide specimens of my breath, blood or urine. I also authorize the Contractor and said Contractor's agents to have continued access to_ the specimens in case further analysis is required; to obtain the results of all tests made of the specimens; and to communicate concerning these test results with the testing agency, governmental agencies having jurisdiction, and the Contractor's client, if required. Employee Signature Print Name of Employee Employee Social Security Number 5 WARREN COUNTY PCB LANDFILL EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN Prepared for: North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources Division of Waste Management ----==. ~ ~~ · ts E.,..'V'irc»an--~ant.al.,. •--=-Barnes, Ferland and Associates, Inc. MARCH 2000 Emergency Response Plan TABLE OF CONTENTS Emergency Response Plan Warren County PCB Landfill 1.0 EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN ........................................................................ 1 1.1 Site History/Description ............................................................................... 2 1.2 Scope of Work and Treatment Systems ...................................................... .4 2.0 PRE-EMERGENCY PLANNING ........................................................................... 5 2.1 Emergency Recognition and Prevention ...................................................... 7 3.0 PERSONNEL ROLES AND LINES OF AUTHORITY AND COMMUNICATION ............................................................................................... 9 3.1 Responsibilities and Duties .......................................................................... 9 3.2 On-Site Emergency Coordinator Duties ...................................................... 9 4.0 EVACUATION ROUTES AND PROCEDURES ................................................ 13 4.1 Safe Distances and Places ofRefuge ......................................................... 13 4.2 Evacuation Signals and Routes .................................................................. 14 4.3 Evacuation Procedures ............................................................................... 14 5.0 EMERGENCY SPILL RESPONSE PROCEDURES AND EQUIPMENT ........ .16 5.1 Notification Procedures ............................................................................. 16 5 .2 Procedure for Containing/Collecting Spills .............................................. .16 5.3 Emergency Response Equipment .............................................................. 18 5 .4 Personal Protective Equipment .................................................................. 18 5.5 Emergency Spill Response Clean-Up Materials and Equipment .............. 19 6.0 MEDICAL EMERGENCY CONTINGENCY MEASURES ............................... 20 6.1 Response .................................................................................................... 20 6.2 Notification ................................................................................................ 21 7.0 FIRE CONTINGENCY MEASURES ................................................................... 22 7 .1 Response .................................................................................................... 22 7.2 Notification ................................................................................................ 23 ETG Environmental, Inc/ BF A Environmental Consultants Final/ March 2000 Emergency Response Plan TABLE OF CONTENTS Emergency Response Plan (Continued) Warren County PCB Landfill 8.0 HAZARDOUS WEATHER CONTINGENCY MEASURES .............................. 24 8.1 Response .................................................................................................... 24 8.2 Notification ................................................................................................ 24 9.0 SPILL/RELEASE CONTINGENCY MEASURES .............................................. 25 9 .1 Response and Notification ......................................................................... 25 FIGURES Warren County Emergency Facility Map ............................................................................ 3 TABLES Table 3-1 Emergency Telephone Numbers ....................................................................... 11 ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants II Final / March 2000 Emergency Response Plan Warren County PCB Landfill LIST OF ACRONYMS APR .................... Air-Purifying Respirator BBCD ................. Batch Vacuum Solid Phase BCDffhermal Desorption System BCD .................... Base Catalyzed Decomposition CAB .................... Citizens Advisory Board CBCD ................. Continuous Solid Phase BCD/Thermal Desorption System CFR .................... Code of Federal Regulations CIH ..................... Certified Industrial Hygienist CPR .................... Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation CRZ .................... Contamination Reduction Zone CHSO ................. Corporate Health and Safety Officer EMA ................... Emergency Management Agency EMS .................... Emergency Management Services ERCP .................. Emergency Response Contingency Plan EZ ....................... Exclusion Zone FID ...................... Flame Ionization Meter H2S ...................... Hydrogen Sulfide HASP .................. Site Health and Safety Plan HAZWOPER ..... Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response HEPA .................. High Efficiency Particulate Air HPD .................... Hearing Protection Devices HSO .................... Health and Safety Officer IDLH .................. Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health MG/M3 ................ Milligrams Per Cubic Meter MSDS ................. Material Safety Data Sheet NC ...................... North Carolina NCAC ................. North Carolina Administrative Code NCDENR ............ North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources NFPA .................. National Fire Protection Association NIOSH ................ National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health NRMRL .............. National Risk Management Research Laboratory NRR .................... Noise Reduction Ratings OSHA ................. Occupational Safety and Health Administration PCBs ................... Polychlorinated Biphenyls PD ....................... Performance Demonstration PDR .................... Personal Dust Respirable Monitor PEL ..................... Permissible Exposure Limit PID ...................... Photoionization Detector PCSAPT ............. Process Condensate Separation and Aqueous Phase Treatment System PM ...................... Project Manager PPB ..................... Parts Per Billion PPE ..................... Personal Protective Equipment PPM .................... Parts Per Million PPT ..................... Parts Per Trillion RAM ................... Respirable Aerosol Monitor RCRA ................. Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants iii Final / March 2000 Emergency Response Plan SAR .................... Supplied-Air Respirator SCBA .................. Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus Site ...................... Warren County PCB Landfill SM ...................... Site Manager SZ ....................... Support Zones TAHA ................. Task Assessment/Hazard Analysis TEQ .................... Toxicity Equivalent Concentrations TSCA .................. Toxic Substance Control Act TWA ................... Time Weighted Average USEPA ............... United States Environmental Protection Agency VRS .................... Vapor Recovery System ETG Environmental, Inc/ BF A Environmental Consultants iv Warren County PCB Landfill List of Acronyms (Continued) Final / March 2000 Emergency Response Plan Warren County PCB Landfill 1.0 EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN This Site Emergency Response Plan has been developed for the detoxification of the Warren County Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) Landfill in Warren County, North Carolina. The project will be performed under the direction of the North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources (NCDENR), Division of Waste Management. A Citizens Advisory Board (CAB) has been established to work with NCDENR. This Emergency Response Plan has been prepared to set forth the minimum requirements the successful Contractor must include in the required Emergency Response Plan. Proper emergency planning and response are important elements of the safety and health program that help minimize employee exposure and injury. The standard, 29 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 1910.140, requires that the Contractor develop and implement a written emergency response plan to handle possible emergencies before performing hazardous waste operations. The emergency response plan must include: • Personnel roles, lines of authority, and communication procedures; • Pre-emergency planning; • Emergency recognition and prevention; • Emergency medical and first-aid treatment; • Methods or procedures for alerting on-site employees; • Safe distances and places of refuge; • Site security and control; • Decontamination procedures; • Critique of response and follow-up; • Personal protective and emergency equipment; and • Evacuation routes and procedures. All project personnel shall be required to read the Emergency Response Plan, receive a detailed orientation by the Health and Safety Officer (HSO), and to sign the acknowledgement form to document their understanding and willingness to comply with the contents. The HSO will keep the acknowledgment forms on file at the site. A copy of the Emergency Response Plan will be maintained at the Contractor's Corporate Office and at the Site. The plan will be available and accessible to all employees. The Emergency Response Plan will be coordinated with local authorities disaster and emergency management plans as appropriate. In addition, a meeting or other communication with the local hospital, rescue squad, hazardous materials unit, and fire department shall also occur to advise the emergency rescue representatives of the nature and type of contaminants victims may have been exposed to while on site. Directions to the hospital will be posted on site, and a copy will be placed in all vehicles when the site- ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 1 Final / March 2000 Emergency Response Plan Warren County PCB Landfill specific Health and Safety Plan (HASP) is in effect. Emergency procedures will be posted and, as appropriate, be included in the daily safety briefings. 1.1 Site History/Description The Warren County PCB Landfill (Site) is located in Warren County, North Carolina, and approximately 50 miles north of Raleigh, North Carolina. A location map is attached. The Site is situated within a tract of land owned by the State of North Carolina that covers 19.317 acres. The Site includes a 2.54-acre landfill cell (PCB Landfill) that contains soils with elevated levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dioxins/furans. Approximately half of the remaining State property immediately adjacent to the PCB Landfill is cleared of vegetation. The remaining State property is undisturbed with moderately dense population of trees approximately 30 feet in height. A gravel road approximately 3,000 feet long provides access to the Site from State Route 1604. The PCB Landfill is approximately 250 feet wide (measured in an east to west direction) and 500 feet long. Approximately 40,000 cubic yards of soils were deposited into the PCB Landfill from the remediation of roadways throughout the State that were illegally sprayed with PCB oils to avoid proper disposal of the oils under Toxic Substance Control Act (TSCA). Approximately ten percent of the soils originated from the Fort Bragg Military Reservation near Southern Pines, North Carolina (NC) and are assumed to be of a similar nature to the balance of the contaminated soils. The PCB concentrations in the soil ranged from 259 parts per million (ppm) to a high of 853 ppm, with an average concentration of 500 ppm. Dioxin/furans concentrations ranged from 147 parts per trillion (ppt) [toxicity equivalent concentrations (TEQ)] to 238 ppt, with an average concentration of 200 ppt TEQ. This data has been reported in the Phase I Base Catalyzed Decomposition (BCD) study. The maximum depth of the PCB Landfill at the center is approximately 36 feet, which includes the lower liner and existing cover. The depth at the perimeter is approximately 20 feet. The existing ground surface of the cleared area begins at the same elevation as the perimeter of the PCB Landfill. In addition to the PCB contaminated soils, a relatively small quantity of cement kiln dust (less than 5-percent of the total volume) occupies the northeast comer of the PCB Landfill. Approximately one-half of the PCB Landfill rises above the existing ground surface. The PCB Landfill was completed in 1983. During evaluation of the potential detoxification technologies, the primary objective was to utilize a process that actually destroyed PCBs and dioxin/furans in a non-incineration manner. The BCD process utilizes chemical destruction to achieve this objective. The BCD process is a chemical reaction that destroys PCBs and dioxins/furans by removing the chlorine atom from the chlorinated compound and replacing it with hydrogen, thus rendering the molecule to a non hazardous compound. The process is conducted in both the solid and liquid phase. ETG Environmental, Inc I BF A Environmental Consultants 2 Final / March 2000 ' ' ) ' I ...... ~ ., I ! ,-r __ ..,,. ----r ( / ._._ ) Warren County Emergency Facilities Map ( 720 W Ridgeway St Warrenton, NC 27589 ----·, ·, ... .,JI ' ... _,....... J \ , .... ' f :::.-i-_l .! . J ' ,--,,.... ,. --·-,~,. ---'t / _ ___, ... ,_,,-•.• / -_,, I ,,.J _,,-·, .-----· r-·· / -... _ .--· I _____ ._,, _---. _.,.-· I I I ~ I ,,.--.,1 J _,/ \ ) I .warren Plain) Ridgeway on, NC 275 04 College St ~ , .. arrenton, NC 27589 ✓ -~-\ '~ \ / f , , i =-tokesbury ..,, ..... _\ . r· --. ,-.i...__ I -------.. ---t.../' L I ,.,\i /_..., \ \" ! ' : ' ' "'\ 1 l' .Adcock~ossroaps ~ ,4 \ 1 .~aulq,er Crossro;d1 Mn.~.,: \ l \_ .. •\,-\ '\ .. ------· ,1···-, '----,, -' ----~\L •--,-._1'---''•, 1· r---.... , (___ ,, ~\ ,-' ' Vi cksboro--........ _ .. ,t . \ '·,,,./ \.'1..\_ -........, /.._ _Par1<town '·•. '-,, ___ '\ ·-, '·· i~/•---.. .. 0ml 2 4 \ i '~,_, \ '\____ Liberia '-..., '\ I -~ \ __ , 6 ·, ·-,\ .... '"_... 1----... ,_ _,.,.; ..... ,-----8 Emergency Response Plan Warren County PCB Landfill 1.2 Scope of Work and Treatment Systems The general scope of work at the Site will address the following areas: • BCD Process Equipment Mobilization • Site Preparation • BCD Process System Construction • System Performance Demonstration/Start-up • Excavation and Treatment • Backfill • Decontamination • Demobilization • Site Reclamation • Program Management In overview, the BCD Detoxification System utilizes multiple components to treat contaminated feed materials and the associated vapor and liquid streams that result from the treatment process. Individual components of the solid, vapor, and liquid phase treatment systems are controlled by system operators/technicians. The BCD Detoxification System will include the following: • One continuous solid phase BCD thermal desorption unit (CBCD), • One batch vacuum solid phase BCD/thermal desorption unit (BBCD), • Two air pollution control systems or vapor recovery systems (VRS), one each for the CBCD (CBCD-VRS) and BBCD (BBCD-VRS), and • One process condensate separation and aqueous phase treatment system (PCSAPT), and • One liquid phase BCD detoxification system (LBCD). ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 4 Final / March 2000 Emergency Response Plan Warren County PCB Landfill 2.0 PRE-EMERGENCY PLANNING Prior to engaging in construction/remediation activities at the site, the prime contractor will plan for possible emergency situations and have available adequate supplies and manpower to respond. A suggested list of emergency response supplies is provided in Section 5.5 ofthis plan. Site personnel will receive trammg during the site orientation concerning proper emergency response procedures. In addition, specific individuals representing all shifts and work areas at the site will be assigned to the Emergency Response Team. The HSO will be designated as the Emergency Coordinator. Due to the hours of site operations (24hours/day, 7 days/week), alternate on-site emergency coordinators will be assigned to cover the shifts that the HSO/Emergency Coordinator is not on site. The alternate on-site emergency coordinators will be members of the Emergency Response Team. All personnel on the Emergency Response Team will receive special training to include, but not be limited to: • First Aid, • Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR), • Blood Borne Pathogens, and • Basic emergency response training. Representatives of the community including, but not limited to, Warrenton Rural County Fire Department, Warren County Emergency Management Services (EMS) and Warren County Emergency Management Agency (HAZMAT Response personnel) will be invited to the site specific emergency response training. The HSO/Emergency Coordinator will establish a line of communications with additional personnel, including but not limited to: • Maria Parham Hospital, and alternate hospitals providing specialty services, if necessary, • Government agencies, e.g., TSCA Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, NCDENR Division of Waste Management, and other emergency response organizations prior to operations. During site briefings held annually, all employees shall be trained in, and reminded of the provisions in this emergency response plan, communication systems, and evacuation routes. This plan shall be reviewed and revised semiannually by the HSO, or whenever a change in operations or procedures that would affect this Plan. Any changes to the Emergency Response Plan will at a minimum necessitate revised training to the Emergency Response Team. Refresher training on this Emergency Response Plan will be conducted at a minimum annually. ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 5 Final / March 2000 Emergency Response Plan Warren County PCB Landfill The following situations would warrant implementation of the Emergency Response and Contingency Plan (ERCP): Fire/Explosion Spill or Release of Hazardous Materials Natural Disaster Medical Emergency • The potential for human injury exists • Toxic fumes or vapors are released • The fire could spread on site or off site and possibly ignite other flammable materials or cause heat-induced explosions • The use of water and/or chemical fire suppressants could result in contaminated run-off • An imminent danger of explosion exists • The spill could result in the release of flammable liquids or vapors, thus causing a fire or gas explosion hazard • The spill could cause the release of toxic liquids or fumes in sufficient quantities or in a manner that is hazardous to or could endanger human health • A rain storm exceeds the flash flood level • The facility is in a projected tornado path or a tornado has damaged facility property • Severe wind gusts are forecasted or have occurred and have caused damage to the facility • Overexposure to hazardous materials • Trauma injunes (broken bones, severe lacerations/bleeding, bums) • Eye/skin contact with hazardous materials • Loss of consciousness • Heat stress (Heat stroke) • Cold stress (Hypothermia) • Heart attack • Respiratory failure • Allergic reaction The following measures will be taken to assure the availability of adequate equipment and manpower resources: • Sufficient equipment and materials will be kept on site and dedicated for emergencies only. The inventory will be replenished after each use. • On-site emergency responders will be current in regards to training and medical surveillance programs. Copies of all applicable certificates will be kept on file for on- site personnel required to respond. • It will be the responsibility of the on-site emergency coordinator to brief the on-site response team on anticipated hazards at the site. The on-site emergency coordinator ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 6 Final / March 2000 Emergency Response Plan Warren County PCB Landfill shall also be responsible for anticipating and requesting equipment that will be needed for response activities. • Emergency response activities will be coordinated with the Warren County Emergency Management Agency (EMA) in compliance with SARA Title III requirements. Communications will be established prior to commencement of any act1v1t1es at the remediation site. Communication on-site will be conducted through the use of two-way radios. At a minimum, the Site Manager (SM), HSO, NCDENR representative, security guard, and one individual from each area of operations will have a two-way radio. This allows for all personnel on site to be accessible to all pertinent information and allow them the ability to conduct their activities in a safe and healthful manner. The site will be equipped with a centralized emergency siren that can be heard across the entire site. The siren will be used in the unlikely event of a site wide evacuation. Air horns may also be used to alert personnel of emergency conditions. A telephone will be located at the command post to summon assistance in an emergency. Primary communication with local responders in the event of an emergency will be accomplished using commercial telephone lines. 2.1 Emergency Recognition and Prevention Because unrecognized hazards may result in emergency incidents, it will be the responsibility of the SM and HSO to designate personnel to perform: • daily (visual/informal)and weekly (formal) site inspections, • conduct daily safety meetings, and • job safety analyses prior to conducting any new activities. To recognize and identify all hazards that are found at the site it will be the responsibility of the designated personnel to develop daily and weekly inspection forms for their specific work areas these may include: Chemical Hazards • Materials at the site • Materials brought to the site • Fire/explosion Physical Hazards • Slip/trip/fall • Electrocution • Confined space • IDLH atmospheres • Excessive noise • Heavy equipment Mechanical Hazards • Stored energy system • Pinch points ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 7 Final / March 2000 Emergency Response Plan Warren County PCB Landfill • Electrical equipment • Vehicle traffic • Electrical Storms Environmental Hazards • High winds • Heavy Rain/Snow • Temperature Extremes (Heat/Cold Stress) • Poisonous Plants/ Animals Once a hazard has been recognized, the SM and/or the HSO will take immediate action to prevent the hazard from becoming an emergency. This may be accomplished by the following: • Daily safety meeting • Task-specific training prior to commencement of activity • Lock-out/Tag-out • Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) selection/use • Written and approved permits for hot work, confined space • Air monitoring • Following all standard operating procedures • Practice drills for fire, medical emergency, and hazardous substances spills ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 8 Final / March 2000 Emergency Response Plan Warren County PCB Landfill 3.0 PERSONNEL ROLES AND LINES OF AUTHORITY AND COMMUNICATION The SM, HSO, and/or the on-site emergency coordinator, have primary responsibility for responding to and correcting emergency situations. This includes taking appropriate measures to ensure the safety of site personnel and the public. Possible actions may involve discontinuing site activities and evacuating personnel from the site. Additionally, the SM, HSO and/or on-site emergency coordinator will be responsible for ensuring that corrective measures have been implemented, appropriate authorities notified, and follow- up reports completed. The SM, HSO and/or on-site emergency coordinator will implement the Emergency Response Plan immediately as required. The decision to implement the plan will depend upon whether the actual incident threatens human health or the environment. Immediately after being notified of an emergency incident, the on-site emergency coordinator will evaluate the situation to determine the appropriate action. Table 3.1 provides a list of agencies and telephone numbers in case of an emergency. In the event of an actual emergency or near-accident-miss, a formal investigation and critique of the incident will be conducted by the Project Manager (PM), SM, HSO, NCDENR representative, personnel directly involved with the event and the response team personnel. The investigation will include a detail evaluation of the cause of the incident, a critique of the emergency response procedures implemented, and corrective actions to be taken. A formal report summarizing the event including a lessons learned summary will be presented to the site crew at the daily safety meetings. 3.1 Responsibilities and Duties It is recognized that the structure of the "Incident Command System" will change as additional response organizations are added. The prime contractor's on-site emergency coordinator will follow procedures as directed by the Warrenton Rural County Fire Department, Warren County EMS , Warren County Hazmat Response, state and federal agencies as required. The prime contractor's on-site emergency coordinator will defer to the Warrenton Rural County Fire Department chief to assume the role of Incident Commander upon arriving on site. Additional on-site personnel may be added to the Site Emergency Response Team as required to respond effectively. 3.2 On-Site Emergency Coordinator Duties The on-site emergency coordinator is responsible for implementing and directing the emergency procedures. All emergency personnel and their communications will be coordinated through the on-site emergency coordinator. Specific duties are as follows: • Identify the source and character of the incident, type and quantity of any release. Assess possible hazards to human health or the environment that may result directly ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 9 Final / March 2000 Emergency Response Plan Warren County PCB Landfill from the problem or its control. • Discontinue operations in the vicinity of the incident if necessary to ensure that fires, explosions, or spills do not recur or spread to other parts of the site. While operations are dormant, monitor for leaks, pressure build-up, gas generation, or ruptures in valves, pipes, or other equipment, where appropriate. • Notify local Emergency Response Teams if their help is necessary to control the incident. Table 3.1 provides telephone numbers for emergency assistance. • Direct on-site personnel to control the incident until, if necessary, outside help arnves. • Ensure that the building or area where the incident occurred and the surrounding area are evacuated and shut off possible ignition sources, if appropriate. The Emergency Response Team is responsible for directing site personnel such that they avoid the area of the incident and leave emergency control procedures unobstructed. • If fire or explosion is involved, notify Warrenton Rural County Fire Department. (call 911) • Notify NCDENR Project Manager • Notify Project Manager • Have protected personnel, in appropriate PPE, on standby for rescue. If the incident may threaten human health or the environment outside of the site, the emergency coordinator should immediately determine whether evacuation of the area outside of the site may be necessary and, if so, notify the Sheriffs Department and the County HAZMA T Response. (Both can be contacted by dialing 911) When required, notify the National Response Center. The following information should be provided to the National Response Center: • Name and telephone number • Name and address of facility • Time and type of incident • Name and quantity of materials involved, if known • Extent of injuries • Possible hazards to human health or the environment outside of the facility. The emergency telephone number for the National Response Center is 1 800-424- 8802. ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 10 Final / March 2000 Emergency Response Plan Warren County PCB Landfill TABLE 3.1 WARREN COUNTY PCB LANDFILL DETOXIFICATION PROJECT EMERGENCY TELEPHONE NUMBERS Local Agencies Warrenton Rural County Fire Department Police (Warren County Sheriff) Warren County EMS -Ambulance Service/Paramedics Hospital -Maria Parham Hospital -566 Ruin Creek Rd. Henderson, North Carolina Directions: Leave site by main gate. Tum right onto State Rd 1604. At the stop sign tum right onto US 401 and travel north. At the first stoplight in Warrenton tum left onto State Rd 1001 and travel to Henderson passing under U.S. Route 1. At the first stop light in Henderson tum left onto Business U.S. Rt. I. At first stoplight turn right and follow the signs for access to Interstate 85. Enter I-85 travelling south. Take the Ruin Creek exit; tum right off exit ramp. Maria Parham Hospital is on the left. Tum left almost immediately onto access road for Hospital. Proceed to the Emergency Room. County Hazmat Response Regional Poison Center NCDENR Division of Waste Management Toxic Substance Control Act Region IV North Carolina Department of Environmental Management North Carolina Division of Emergency Management Hazardous Materials Emergency Response Center National Response Center Center for Disease Control CHEMTREC Oil Spill Hotline Prime Contractor: Office 24-hour number/contact Project Safety Manager Site Safety Manager Site Manager Project Manager Subcontractor: Office 24-hour number/contact Project Safety Manager Site Safety Manager ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 11 911 or 252-257-3104 911 or 252-257-3364 911 or 252-257-2616 252-438-4143 911 or 252-257-3456 800-848-6946 919-733-4996 ext. 308 919-733-2314 404-562-8990 919-733-3867 800-564-7577 800-424-8802 404-488-4100 800-424-9300 404-562-8700 To be provided To be provided Final / March 2000 Emergency Response Plan Warren County PCB Landfill If hazardous waste has been released or produced through control of the incident, ensure that: • Waste is collected and contained. • Containers of waste are removed or isolated from the immediate site of the emergency. • Treatment or storage of the recovered waste, contaminated soil or surface water, or any other material that results from the incident or its control is provided. • Ensure that no waste that is incompatible with released material is treated or stored in the facility until cleanup procedures are completed. • Ensure that all emergency equipment used is decontaminated, recharged, and fit for its intended use before operations are resumed. • Notify the NCDENR Project Manager that cleanup procedures have been completed and that all emergency equipment is fit for its intended use before resuming operations in the affected area of the facility. The NCDENR Project Manager's telephone number is included in Table 3 .1, Emergency Telephone Numbers. • Record time, date, and details of the incident, and submit a written report to the NCDENR Project Manager. Report is due to NCDENR within 15 days of the incident. ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 12 Final / March 2000 Emergency Response Plan Warren County PCB Landfill 4.0 EVACUATION ROUTES AND PROCEDURES All emergencies require prompt and deliberate action. In the event of an emergency, it will be necessary to follow an established set of procedures. Such established procedure will be followed as closely as possible. However, in specific emergency situations, the on-site emergency coordinator may deviate from the procedures to provide a more effective plan for bringing the situation under control. The on-site emergency coordinator and/or their designee are responsible for determining which situations require site evacuation. 4.1 Safe Distances and Places of Refuge No single recommendation can be made for evacuation or safe distances because of the wide variety of emergencies, which could occur. Safe distances can only be determined at the time of an emergency based on a combination of site and incident-specific criteria. However, the following measures are established to serve as general guidelines. In the event of minor hazardous materials releases (small spills of low toxicity), workers in the affected area will report initially to the contamination reduction zone. Small spills or leaks (generally less than 55 gallons) may require initial evacuation. The evacuation limits will be determined based upon real time air monitoring, preformed by the HSO or qualified designatee. After initial assessment of the extent of the release and potential hazards, the on-scene emergency coordinator will determine the specific boundaries for evacuation. Appropriate steps such as caution tape, rope, traffic cones, barricades, or personal monitors will be used to secure the boundaries. In the event of a major hazardous material release (large spill of high toxicity/greater than 55 gallons), workers will be evacuated from the building/area or if situation warrants the site. Workers will assemble at their respective crew trailer, entrance to the site (security gate), or alternate upwind location for a head count by their foreman and to await further instruction. The specific location will be predicated by the potential threat to the health and safety of the workers. If an incident may threaten the health or safety of the surrounding community, the on-site emergency coordinator will contact the proper agencies informing them of the Contractor's recommendation to evacuate the public. The proper agencies will instruct the public regarding the need to evacuate the area and where to congregate. Telephone numbers are listed in Table 3.1. Places of refuge will be established prior to the commencement of activities. These areas must be identified for the following incidents: • Chemical release • Fire/explosion • Power loss ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 13 Final I March 2000 Emergency Response Plan Warren County PCB Landfill • Medical emergency • Hazardous weather In general, evacuation will be made to the crew trailers, unless the on-site emergency coordinator determines otherwise. It is the responsibility of the on-site emergency coordinator to determine when it is necessary to evacuate personnel to an off-site location. In the event of an emergency evacuation, all the employees will gather at the entrance to the site (security gate) or alternate upwind location until a head count establishes that all are present and accounted for. No one is to leave the site without notifying the on-site emergency coordinator. 4.2 Evacuation Signals and Routes Initial communication will be conducted via two-way radios. Should an evacuation of the site be necessary, a siren suitable of being heard and/or blinking light suitable of being seen will be used to notify employees of the necessity to evacuate the site. The on- site emergency coordinator will monitor the site for emergencies. Only the on-site emergency coordinator will initiate total site evacuation, however, in his absence, a decision to preserve the health and safety of employees will take precedence. Evacuation routes will be posted in each outside work area. Signs will also be posted inside of trailer/buildings at exit doors and walls that are easily accessible. At a minimum, semi- annual drills will be conducted to familiarize each employee with the proper routes and procedures. 4.3 Evacuation Procedures In the event evacuation is necessary, the following actions will be taken: • The emergency signal will be activated. • The security guard at the front gate will be notified and no further entry of visitors, contractors, or trucks will be permitted. Vehicle traffic within the site will cease in order to allow safe exiting of personnel and movement of emergency equipment. • Shut off machinery if safe to do so. • All on-site personnel, visitors, and contractors in the support zone will assemble at the entrance to the site (Security Gate) for a head count and await further instruction from the on-site emergency coordinator. ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 14 Final / March 2000 Emergency Response Plan Warren County PCB Landfill • Their immediate supervisor ( e.g. plant operator, treatment operator) will account for all persons in the exclusion zone. The supervisor will determine the safest employee exits employees and will also choose an alternate exit if the first choice is inaccessible. • During exiting, the supervisor should try to keep the group together. Immediately upon exiting, the supervisor will account for all employees in his crew. • Upon completion of the head count, the supervisor will provide the information to the on-site emergency coordinator. • Contract personnel and visitors will also be accounted for. • The names of emergency response team members involved will be reported to the on-site emergency coordinator. • The on-site emergency coordinator or his designee will make a final tally of personnel. No attempt will be made to find personnel not accounted for if it will involve endangering the lives of contract employees, subcontract employees, or other employees by re-entry into the emergency area. • In all questions of accountability, immediate crew leaders will be held responsible for those persons reporting to them. Visitors will be the responsibility of those employees they are seeing. Contractors and truck drivers are the responsibility of the site manager or designee. The security guard will aid in accounting for visitors, contractors, and truckers by reference to sign-in sheets available from the security gate. • Personnel will be assigned by the on-site emergency coordinator to be available at the main security gate to direct and brief emergency responders. • Re-entry into the site will be made only after the on-site emergency coordinator gives clearance. At his direction, a signal or other notification will be given for re- entry into the facility. • Semi-annual drills, at a minimum, will be conducted to practice all of these procedures and will be treated with the same seriousness as an actual emergency. ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 15 Final / March 2000 Emergency Response Plan Warren County PCB Landfill 5.0 EMERGENCY SPILL RESPONSE PROCEDURES AND EQUIPMENT In the event of an emergency involving a hazardous material spill or release, the following general procedures will be used for rapid and safe response and control of the situation. Emergency contacts found in Table 3.1 provide a quick reference guide to follow in the event of a major spill. 5.1 Notification Procedures If an employee discovers a chemical spill or process upset resulting in a vapor or material release, he or she will immediately notify the on-site emergency coordinator. The on-site emergency coordinator will obtain information pertaining to the following: • The material spilled or released • Location of the release or spillage of hazardous material • An estimate of quantity released and the rate at which it is being released • The direction in which the spill, vapor or smoke release is heading • Any injuries involved • Fire and/or explosion or possibility of these events • The area and materials involved and the intensity of the fire or explosion The information will help the on-site emergency coordinator to assess the magnitude and potential seriousness of the spill or release. 5.2 Procedure for Containing/Collecting Spills The initial response to any spill or discharge will be to protect human health and safety, and then the environment. If for some reason a chemical spill is not contained within a dike or sump area, an area of isolation will be established around the spill. The size of the area will generally depend on the size of the spill and the materials involved. If the spill is large (greater than 55 gallons) and involves a tank or a pipeline rupture, an initial isolation up wind of the spill area will occur. The HSO or designee using real-time direct air monitoring equipment will determine the appropriate evacuation distance and personnel protective equipment requirements. Small spills (less than or equal to 55 gallons) or leaks from a tank or pipe will require be handled similarly as to large spills. An initial evacuation upwind of the spill will occur, and the evacuation area will be predicated upon direct air reading instrumentations. When any spill occurs, only those persons involved in overseeing or performing emergency operations will be allowed within the designated hazard area. If possible the area will be roped or otherwise blocked off. If the spill results in the formation of a toxic vapor cloud (by reaction with surrounding materials or by outbreak of fire) and its release ( due to high vapor pressures under ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 16 Final/ March 2000 Emergency Response Plan Warren County PCB Landfill ambient conditions), further evacuation will be enforced. In general an area at least 500 ft. wide and 1,000 ft. long will be evacuated downwind if volatile materials are spilled. (Consult the DOT Emergency Response Guide for isolation distanced for listed hazardous materials.) If an incident may threaten the health or safety of the surrounding community, the public will be informed and possibly evacuated from the area. The on-site emergency coordinator will inform the County HAZMA T Response Agency and any other applicable agencies in the event this is necessary (Refer to Table 3 .1) As called for in regulations developed under the Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation Liability Act of 1980 (Superfund), the prime contractor's practice shall be to report a spill of a pound or more of any hazardous material for which a reportable quantity has not been established and which is listed under the Solid Waste Disposal Act, Clean Air Act, Clean Water Act, or TSCA. The prime contractor will also follow the same practice for any substances not listed in the Acts noted above but which can be classified as a hazardous waste under Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). Clean up personnel will take the follo wing measures: • Make sure all unnecessary persons are removed from the hazard area. • Put on protective clothing and equipment. • If a flammable material is involved, remove all ignition sources, and use spark and explosion proof equipment for recovery of material. • Remove all surrounding materials that could be especially reactive with materials in the waste. Determine the major components in the waste at the time of the spill. • If wastes reach a storm sewer, try to dam the outfall by using sand, earth, sandbags, etc. If this is done, pump this material out into a temporary holding tank or drums as soon as possible. • Place all small quantities of recovered liquid wastes (55 gallons or less) and contaminated soil into drums for treatment on site, incineration or removal to an approved disposal site. • Apply appropriate spill control media (e.g. clay, sand, lime, etc.) to absorb discharged liquids. • For large spills, establish diking around leading edge of spill using booms, sand, clay or other appropriated material. If possible, use diaphragm pump( s) to transfer discharged liquid to drums or a holding tank. ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 17 Final / March 2000 Emergency Response Plan Warren County PCB Landfill 5.3 Emergency Response Equipment The following equipment will be staged in the support zone and throughout the site, as needed, to provide for safety and first aid during emergency responses. Emergency eyewash equipment must meet ANSI Standards: • ABC-type fire extinguisher • First-aid kit, industrial size • Eyewash/safety shower • Emergency signal horn In addition to the equipment listed above, the prime contractor will use appropriate direct reading instrumentation(s) in emergency situations to assess the degree of environmental hazard. The HSO or other specially trained personnel will only use this equipment. This equipment will be stored, charged and ready for immediate use in evaluating hazardous chemical concentrations. The equipment will be located at the prime contractors office trailer and/or health and safety trailer. EQUIPMENT NAME APPLICATION Portable H-NU Photoionization Meter and/or Measures selected . . and morgaruc Flame-ionization Meter (FID) organic chemical concentrations MSA Oxygen and Combustible Gas Meter Measures oxygen and combustible gas levels Direct Reading Colormetric Indicator Tubes, i.e. Measure hydrogen cyanide Hydrogen Cyanide concentration in air Real Time Aerosol Monitor Measures dust emissions Hydrogen Sulfide Meter Measures hydrogen sulfide concentrations in air 5.4 Personal Protective Equipment A supply of two (minimum) self contained breathing apparatus (SCBAs) will be located in a designated area on site for use in emergency response to hazardous materials releases. They will be inspected at least monthly, according to OSHA requirements. In addition, all emergency response personnel will have respirators available for use with cartridge selection determined by the HSO based on the results of direct reading instruments. Emergency response personnel will also be provided with protective clothing as warranted by the nature of the hazardous material and as directed by the HSO. Respirators can only be worn when the levels of contamination are known. The two primary contaminants of concern for the site are PCBs and dioxin/furans, which can not be measured by, direct instrument readings. A calculation (See Health and Safety Plan) ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 18 Final / March 2000 Emergency Response Plan Warren County PCB Landfill was performed to determine the highest possible airborne concentrations of PCBs and dioxin/furans based upon the known highest level of concentrations of these contaminants in the landfill materials. The calculation determined that the permissible exposure limits for PCBs and dioxin/furans would not be exceeded before the dust emission permissible exposure limit was exceeded. Therefore, for airborne PCBs and dioxin/furans resulting from dusting operations, the real-time aerosol dust monitors can be used to protect employees from exposure. 5.5 Emergency Spill Response Clean-Up Materials and Equipment The contractor will specify and provide a sufficient supply of appropriate emergency response clean-up materials and personal protective equipment for the project. The quantities and types of materials and equipment will be appropriately matched to correspond to the activities being conducted on-site. The contractor will inventory and inspect visually, the emergency response materials and equipment on a weekly basis. The materials listed below may be kept on site for spill control, depending on the types of hazardous materials present on site. The majority of this material will be located in the decon trailer and/or storage area for health and safety supplies. The following equipment will be kept on site and dedicated for spill cleanup: • All-purpose spill kit -to solidify/absorb liquid spills. • Plastic shovels for recovering corrosive and flammable materials. • Sausage-shaped absorbent booms for diking liquid spills, drains, or sewers. • Sorbent sheets (diapers) for absorbing liquid spills. • 5 5 gallon drums for containment. • Overpack drums for secondary containment. • Flammable/corrosive stickers/labels. * NOTE: All contaminated soils, absorbent materials, solvents and other materials resulting form the clean-up of spilled or discharged substances shall be properly stored, labeled, and either processed on-site or disposed of off-site. ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 19 Final / March 2000 Emergency Response Plan Warren County PCB Landfill 6.0 MEDICAL EMERGENCY CONTINGENCY MEASURES The procedures listed below will be used to respond to medical emergencies. The HSO will contact the Warren County EMS and/or Maria Parham Hospital (local hospital) and inform them of the site hazards and potential emergency situations. A minimum of two First-Aid/CPR trained personnel will be maintained on site. 6.1 Response The nearest workers will immediately assist a person who shows signs of medical distress or who is involved in an accident. The work supervisor will be summoned. The work supervisor will immediately make contact with the on-site emergency coordinator to alert him of a medical emergency situation. The supervisor will advise the following information: • Location of the victim at the work site, • Nature of the emergency, • Whether the victim is conscious, and • Specific conditions contributing to the emergency, if known. The on-site emergency coordinator will notify the HSO. The following action will then be taken depending on the severity of the incident: • Life-Threatening Incident -If an apparent life-threatening condition exists, the supervisor will inform the on-site emergency coordinator by two-way radio and contact the Warren County Emergency Response Services (EMS) by phone immediately. An on-site person will be appointed who will meet the EMS at the security gate and have him/her quickly taken to the victim. Qualified personnel will evacuate an injured person within the EZ to a clean area for treatment by EMS personnel. • Non Life-Threatening Incident -If it is determined that no threat to life is present, the HSO will direct the injured person through the decontamination procedures (see below) appropriate to the nature of the illness or accident. Appropriate first aid or medical attention will then be administered. * NOTE:The area surrounding an accident site must not be disturbed until the HSO/ onsite emergency coordinator has given clearance. Any personnel requiring emergency medical attention will be evacuated from exclusion and contamination reduction zones if doing so would not endanger the life of the injured person or otherwise aggravates the injury. Personnel will not enter the area to attempt a rescue if their own lives would be threatened. The decision whether or not to ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 20 Final / March 2000 Emergency Response Plan Warren County PCB Landfill decontaminate a victim prior to evacuation is based on the type and severity of the illness or injury and the nature of the contaminant. For some emergency victims, immediate decontamination may be an essential part of life-saving first aid. For others, decontamination may aggravate the injury or delay life-saving first aid. Decontamination will be performed if it does not interfere with essential treatment. If decontamination can be performed, observe the following procedures: • Wash external clothing and cut it away. If decontamination cannot be performed, observe the following procedures: • Wrap the victim in blankets or plastic to reduce contamination of other personnel. • Alert emergency and off-site medical personnel to potential contamination; instruct them about specific decontamination procedures. • Send site personnel familiar with the incident and chemical safety information, e.g. Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS), with the effected person. All injuries, no matter how small, will be reported to the HSO or the SM. An accident/injury/illness report will be completely and properly filled out and submitted to the Corporate Health and Safety Officer (CSHO)/Project Certified Industrial Hygienist (CIH), in accordance with the Contractor's and NCDENR's reporting procedures. A list of emergency telephone numbers is given in Table 3.1. 6.2 Notification The following personnel/agencies will be notified in the event of a medical emergency: • Warrenton Rural County Fire Department • Warren County EMS • Maria Parham Hospital (local hospital) • On-Site Emergency Coordinator • Workers in the affected areas • NCDENR Representative (Project Manager) ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 21 Final / March 2000 Emergency Response Plan Warren County PCB Landfill 7.0 FIRE CONTINGENCY MEASURES Generally the prime contractor's personnel and subcontractors are not trained professional firefighters. Therefore, if there is any doubt that a fire cannot be quickly contained and extinguished, personnel will notify the on-site emergency coordinator by two-way radio and vacate the structure or area. The on-site emergency coordinator will immediately notify the Warrenton Rural County Fire Department. The following procedures will be used to prevent the possibility of fires and resulting m J ur1 es: • Sources of ignition will be kept away from where flammable materials are handled or stored. • The air will be monitored for explosivity before and during hot work and periodically where flammable materials are present. Hot work permits will be required for all such work. • "No smoking" signs will be conspicuously posted in areas where flammable materials are present. • Fire extinguishers will be placed in all areas where flammable materials are present. • Before workers begin new operations or operations in new area the HSO will give instruction on egress procedures and assembly points. Egress routes will be posted in work areas and exit points clearly marked. 7.1 Response The following procedures will be used in the event of a fire: • Anyone who sees a fire will notify his or her supervisor who will then contact the on-site emergency coordinator by radio. The on-site emergency coordinator will activate the emergency response procedures and contact the Warrenton Rural County Fire Department. • Should a site wide evacuation be necessary, the emergency siren will sound, workers will turn-off equipment in use (if possible) and proceed to the designated meeting location (security gate) or alternate upwind location. • Work crews will be comprised of pairs of workers (buddy system) who join each other immediately after hearing the evacuation siren and remain together throughout the emergency. Workers will assemble at a predetermined rally point for a head count. ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 22 Final / March 2000 Emergency Response Plan Warren County PCB Landfill • When a worker has extinguished a small fire, the on-site emergency coordinator will be notified. 7.2 Notification The following personnel/agencies will be notified in the event of a fire: • Warrenton Rural County Fire Department • Prime contractor employees and subcontractors • NCDENR Representative (Project Manager) ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 2 3 Final / March 2000 Emergency Response Plan Warren County PCB Landfill 8.0 HAZARDOUS WEATHER CONTINGENCY MEASURES Operations will not be started or continued in open areas when the following hazardous weather conditions are present: • Lightning • Heavy Rains/Snow/Ice • High Winds 8.1 Response • All equipment will be shut down and secured to prevent damage. • Personnel will be moved to safe refuge. The on-site emergency coordinator will determine when it is necessary to evacuate personnel to off-site locations and will coordinate efforts with fire, police and other agencies. 8.2 Notification The on-site emergency coordinator will be responsible for assessing hazardous weather conditions and notifying personnel of specific contingency measures. Should hazardous weather conditions cause an emergency than the following people will be notified: • Prime contractor employees and subcontractors, • NCDENR Representative (Project Manager), and • Warren County Emergency Management Agency. ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 24 Final / March 2000 Emergency Response Plan Warren County PCB Landfill 9.0 SPILL/RELEASE CONTINGENCY MEASURES In the event of release or spill of hazardous material the following measures will be taken. 9.1 Response and Notification Any person observing a spill or release will act to remove and/or protect injured/contaminated persons from any life-threatening situation. First aid and/or decontamination procedures will be implemented as appropriate. First aid will be administered to injured/contaminated personnel. Unsuspecting persons/vehicles will be warned of the hazard. All personnel will act to prevent any unsuspecting persons from coming in contact with spilled materials by alerting other nearby persons. Without taking unnecessary risks, personnel will attempt to stop the spill at the source. This may involve activities such as up-righting a drum, closing a valve or temporarily sealing a hole with a plug. Utilizing two-way radios to communicate, the on-site emergency coordinator will be notified of the spill/release, including information on material spilled quantity, personnel injuries and immediate life threatening hazards. The on-site emergency coordinator and HSO will determine the potential impact on the surrounding community and implement air monitoring. Notification procedures will be followed to inform on-site personnel and off-site agencies. The on-site emergency coordinator will make a rapid assessment of the spill/release and direct confinement, containment and control measures. Depending upon the nature of the spill, measures may include: • Construction of a temporary containment berm utilizing on-site clay absorbent earth, • Digging a sump, installing a polyethylene liner, • Diverting the spill material into the sump placing drums under the leak to collect the spilling material before it flows over the ground. • Transferring the material from its original container to another container. The on-site emergency coordinator will notify the NCDENR Representative of the spill and steps taken to institute clean up. Emergency response personnel will clean up all spills following the spill clean-up plan developed by the on-site emergency coordinator. Supplies necessary to clean up a spill will be immediately available on-site. Such items may include, but are not limited to: • Shovel, rake • Absorbent • All Purpose Spill Kit • Personal safety equipment ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 25 Final / March 2000 Emergency Response Plan Warren County PCB Landfill • Steel drums • Pumps and miscellaneous hand tools The major supply of material and equipment will be located in the Support Zone. Smaller supplies will be kept at active work locations. The on-site emergency coordinator will inspect the spill site to determine that the spill has been cleaned up to the satisfaction of the NCDENR. If necessary, soil, water or air samples may be taken and analyzed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the spill clean-up effort. The on-site emergency coordinator will determine the cause of the spill and determine remedial steps to ensure that recurrence is prevented. The on-site emergency coordinator will review the cause with the NCDENR and obtain his concurrence with the remedial action plan. ETG Environmental, IIic / BF A Environmental Consultants 26 Final / March 2000