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HomeMy WebLinkAboutNCD980602163_19971006_Warren County PCB Landfill_SERB C_Preliminary Data from the Monitoring System, 24 Sep - 3 Oct 1997-OCROctober 6, 1997 To: Bill Meyer, Director, Division of Waste Management Mike Kelley, Deputy Director, Division of Waste Management From: Ed Mussler, P.E., Solid Waste Section, Division of Waste Management Re: Preliminary Data From the Monitoring System at the PCB Landfill, Warren County, North Carolina. September 24-October 3, 1997. Gentlemen, Attached you will find several examples of data collected from the monitoring equipment recently installed at the landfill, as well as similar results of historical data collected from the landfill vent. For reference the attachments are labeled as follows: Attachment 1 Example of data logger report-Data from September 24-29, 1997. Data collected prior to 1300 hours on the 24th is not valid. The equipments was still being installed. Attachment 2 Microsoft Excel spreadsheet summary of data logger data, September 24- October 3, 1997. Note summary on page 5. Attachment 3 Graph of Hourly barometric pressure and water levels in south borehole, September 34-October 3, 1997. Attachment 4 Microsoft Excel spreadsheet of water elevations measured in the landfill air vent monitoring point. December 1994 through September 1997. This spread sheet also contains the monthly and yearly rainfall data for the Arcola station in Warren county. The average barometric pressure for the day, as recorded at RDU and adjusted to sea level is also included. Attachment 5 Air Vent water levels versus RDU(sea level adjusted) barometric pressure graph. Monthly for 12/94 through 9/97. Attachment 3 clearly shows that the water level measured in the south borehole fluctuates in direct correlation with the atmospheric (barometric) pressure. During the ten day period of record, the water level measured in the borehole fluctuated by 13. 2 inches and the barometric pressure varied by 0.71 inches of mercury, often showing response hourly. It is important to note that the change registered by the VSP is in tenths of a foot (~1.2 inches!!) The highest reading came during a spell when the barometric pressure was the lowest, and the lowest water level was recorded during times when the atmospheric pressure was the highest. When atmospheric pressure is high it "pushes down" on the water surface, thus lowering the recorded elevation. When the pressure is "low" there is less force on the water so it "rises" accordingly. For reference, 12" of water column is equal to 0.883 inches of mercury (Hg). During this time period only 0.85 inches of rain fell, hardly enough to generate the water level swing measured, even if it had all entered the landfill, a highly unlikely assumption. Attachment 5 also clearly shows that there is a relationship between the barometric pressure and ) ./ the level of the water that is measured in the landfill air vent. Attachment 4 is a record of the data collected by the division and used to generate the graph. Attachment 4 provides a statistical analysis of the air vent data. The data is summarized for the period of record (12/94-9-97) as well as for each year of record (1995, 1996, 1997 to date). The data clearly shows that the fluctuation in the measured air vent water level was 9" in 1995 and 13.32" to date in 1997, less than or equal to measurements of fluctuation collected io ten days with the monitoring equipment. The year of 1996 showed a total fluctuation of measured water level in the air vent of21.6 inches. HOWEVER it must be noted that the spread in the barometric pressure was almost one inch of Hg (0.98") versus a spread of about 0.5. inches of Hg in 1995 and 1997, to date. It is also important to note that the yearly rainfall, reported by the Arcola station, was 40.28 " in 1994, 56.85" in 1995 and 60.58" in 1996, well above the NC average of approximately 45 inches per year. In an effort to "even out" the air vent information, the data was analyzed for an average (mean), medium, as well as maximum and minimum recorded value for the time period of concern. The yearly averages were then averaged, and indicated a spread of 9.378 inches, well within the fluctuation recorded in just 10 days in the south borehole. If one compares the borehole data (means), there is an indication that water is entering the landfill. This is consistent with the evaluations of both Barnes and Richardson. The average water level, as measured in the vent, appears to be slowly increasing. The data for the summer of 1997 records that the water level in the landfill maybe increasing. However, the rainfall for the summer of 1997 was well below normal (August 1997 was the second LOWEST recorded rainfall amount, at RDU, in the last 100 years).Ifthe landfill were leaking any measurable amount, then why are the measured water levels increasing? The data clearly needs more interpretation. It is clear that the measured water levels in the landfill fluctuate with the atmospheric pressure. Historical data from the air vent, appears to show that the water level in the landfill is slowly increasing. In my opinion, there is no indication that water is leaving the landfill ( as evidenced by an increase in the measured water levels during a time of minimum rainfall). In analyzing the data from the landfill, one must be cognizant of the relationship between the measured water level and the barometric pressure. Analysis to date does not include the behavior of the landfill system, including the contribution of any internal gas pressure in the landfill. In summary, the measured level of the water in the landfill rises and falls in good correlation with the ambient barometric pressure. The hypothesis, as presented by Barnes and Hirschorn that significant amounts of water are entering the landfill and leaving the landfill is incorrect. The bottom liner appears to be intact. Observed increases in the water level in the landfill can be related to barometric pressure swings, and possible, minimal infiltration of water into the landfill. Sheet4 Chart 1 338 337.5 337 336.5 336 PCB LANDFILL Hourly Barometric Pressure and Water Level REadings September 24-October 3 , 1997 -+-Series1 -Series2 1 9 17 25 33 41 49 57 65 73 81 89 97 105 113 121 129 137 145 153 161 169 177 185 193 201 209 217 225 233 241 249 257 265 273 281 289 297 305 313 321 329 337 345 353 361 *Note-Subtract 307 from Series 2 to find Barometric pressure in Inches of Mercury Water Elevation in tents of a foot Pa!Je 1 NORTH CAROLINA DIVISION OF WASTE MANAGEMENT SOLID WASTE SECTION CALCULATION SHEET 1:> ~ r E. {2./.n i'/il cf /.. r Jl,A c. 1 3 n,,, 'I<-◄ '5 t! ( )/J -Iii <ii i -c: F I-.~ e I, W,., J:J c , ✓ / 1-· -l-+-l--+--+---1--l-+--I -'S be tZ .... e. 0 F l)~,f : -~ ec.krl!-'i(./i11i:,4l -f"'f::.• .r, <'e12.,vi½~ -,~ 4t,,..~~~ ~ ')~ r ~ t"'Cl3 l _;;:'71-- I~ If> l'"' n: :s:;,; :;v., iC r KL ,.., 1 ::S__! 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'z ,~ J "'j .s l p .i-~ 7 l/ 11, -li 1c -I -·-t _2,.! ~; ~ ~---·-·· o' M.I \{'; :,T{ ~ e n, 'Jc l \J .Ill.. c.. -\ V' ~-70 5 z..5 \ ( D. z 5 n -:: -, --\ I \/-1 err-~---, ,o 8""' - r-1\ ()\ D"l ru, t_ e:i::-~l ,J iJ'E: ~---a,~ L ~ = z 5 i b \ 01 I Jc\ I , __ Project Title: --Pc:g LF -f'\.o(sTvl2.€ C..c.vTE?ur By: EFl--\ttr Date: 11111)97 Checked By: ____ Date: ___ _ Sheet "2--of ___X:::._ I 3 ' /( I \a ~ "3 / I ~ 2. e; i::1 3 I I ' I ---P---,... ,... !11111 -- -----·------,-· I I . l 1 I j I I I i i l I I i I I ; i I I t l J i l l ' J I ) I I I I I I I I I ' GTX-1380 'Ii ~ Warren County PCB Landfill i Test Result Summary G') ASTM (1) ASTM ASTM ASTM ASTM D 2434; 0 D 2487 D 2216 ASTM D 1587; D 2937 ASTM D 422 ASTM D 4318 D 854 D 2974 D 5084 ;t t/) -Sample Type of Class-Moisture Bulk Density, Dry Density, Passing Passing Liquid Plastic Plasticity Specific Organic Permeability, ~oring # ID Depth, ft Container ification Content,% pcf pcf #4, % #200, % Limit, LL Limit, PL Index, Pl Gravity Content,% cm/sec m >< B-1 SS-8 8-9.5 Jar 7.4 "O ., LF (1) SS-11 13.5-15 Jar -14.5 t/) t/) SS-14 19-20.5 • Jar -13.7 )> SS-17 24.5-26 0 Jar -15.9 -0 SS-18 26-27 Jar -12.6 ::, s: SS-19 27-28 Jar -14.6 Cl) . • SS-20 28-29 (top} Jar -16.2 ui 28-29 (mid) Jar -16.4 0 ex, ; ..................................... 28-29 (bot> ............. Jar .................... -................... 33.4 ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ . c.> u, B-2 SS-8 8-9.5 Jar -11.9 O LF .,::,, SS-11 13.5-15 Jar -16.2 I\) .,::,, SS-14 • "'T1 SS-17 Cl) >< SS-18 -U1 0 SS-19 ex, -en SS-20 c.> U1 I SS-21 0 I\) en en c, 'i ~ .;T :~ 'i. 19-20.5 24.5-26 26-27 27-28 28-29 29-30 (top) 29-30 (bot) Jar Jar Jar Jar Jar Jar Jar 11.2 15.3 12.6 16.1 16.6 13.8 16.1 -= test not requested NP = sample determined to be non-plastic -i I l__ ___ _j t j ' Gj ~ 0 ;i Cl) L_j LJ I L-1 LJ Li ASTM D 2487 u ASTM D 2216 Li w w w Li GTX-1380 Warren County PCB Landfill Test Result Summary ASTM D 1587; D 2937 ASTM 0422 ~ ' " L.....--....1 L-J. ASTM D 4318 I .. ~II ASTM D 854 L __ j' ASTM D 2974 Li ASTM D 2434; D 5084 -5·8 . Sample ID Type of Container Class-ification Moisture Content,% Bulk Density, Dry Density, Passing #4, % Passing #200, % Liquid Limit, LL Plastic Limit, PL Plasticity Index, Pl Specific Organic Permeability, cq onng # m )( "C 8-1 ~ Cap Cl) Cl) • ~ 8-1 0 LF ? 3: m . • -ST-2 ST-3 ST-4 ST-6 ST-7 ST-12 Depth, ft 0-2 2-4 2-4 4-6 6-8 15-17 ST-15 20.5-22.5 Tube Tube Tube Tube Tube Tube Tube CH CH SM SM SM SM 30.2 31.3 10.1 7.02 14.3 13.6 pcf pcf 120.4 92.5 123.2 93.9 122.7 113.0 122.4 114.7 111.4 105.6 107.1 101.0 100 100 98 99 91 83 74 71 HOLD 22 13 20 20 72.5 73.6 20.8 NP NP NP 26.6 30.7 17.7 NP NP NP 45.8 42.9 3.0 NP NP NP Gravity Content, % cm/sec 2.69 2.74 2.60 2.64 2.64 2.61 3.76 2.61 4.32 2.09 3.6E-08 2.9E-03 en ST-16 22.5-24.5 Tube SW-SM < 15.0 116.3 101.1 65 11 NP NP NP 2.56 2.54 5.21:::-04 G·······························································································································································································-·············································································································································································--··· CX> -B-2 ST-2 0-2 Tube CH 29.9 121.0 93.1 99 71 65.2 28.2 37.0 2.71 --4.2E-08 O> w Cap en I 0 .a::-N .i:a • 'ir )( -01 0 CX> -O> w U1 I 0 N O> O> I ~-B-2 LF ST-3 ST-4 ST-6 ST-7 2-4 2-4 4-6 6-8 ST-12 15-17 ST-15 20.5-22.5 ST-16 22.5-24.5 ~,, .. :.·~-~ ·• • •·-,,...:y,,, Tube Tube Tube Tube Tube Tube Tube CH SC SM SM SM SC ·• ·.;-:-t-:,:. ,."·, ~ . ,l$·'. .... ,· 32.7 22.9. 7.23 14.0 12.8 14.4 120.1 116.3 115.1 118.1 110.2 113.4 - = test not requested 90.5 94.6 107.3 103.6 97.7 99.2 100 98 99 92 92 81 HOLD 75 62.9 42 17 21 22 32 40.9 NP NP NP 32.3 NP = sample determined to be non-plastic 30.1 19.9 NP NP NP 17.7 32.8 20.9 NP NP NP 14.6 2.74 2.70 2.59 2.64 2.63 2.64 4.91 1.49 1.99 2.55 3.71 1.5E-08 8.3E-04---4.8Ec04 f L NORTH CAROLINA DIVISION OF WASTE MANAGEMENT SOLID WASTE SECTION CALCULATION SHEET I I ~e .\ ~ '?... I. iA _YE -r~ c l'lO (:5. Q:_ l<f ~-I ~o Al PF µ; .-1~ 11t ~ ~ B _i -i,,-· M IP J< 1-=;' j t e > iJ J /fl ::ii2 - ~be· ~ui _L◄ ( I=--~ .na :-a ;__M E • e: r:,T J"-i (o ~ s ~~ ,,..., ,--.. W. ~--~, l ' 1 'c: ~z . I \-\ IE T ~ u u l':::: ) \I• 'lilel '5• '1.J' t:= ..-c ,J Im ~--,L) h. ~ A \ £ -~! ~-~ 1~ ~ , r;_ .. -""". -----7 Ii ,,_, ;) t. f ~ I V --.-:. I ) -'{. --= / I , __ ~ ! t-: q '~" _J ev ~ ~ _b v_\ ~~ i_~ !)~ w 1/-L£ (l_, ~r,'\. ~ ':r b -- I( Tl lo,\ Cf \.l 0#.. .5 M Di ::>1 1.J~ e: co--µ~ ~ T I I \ 1... -5 s 0 b B {) 0 lb ') , IZ €, b -I r, - I , -•... c ~ >N '/_ 1 ::, _,L .--~ L~ ➔Lr -~ '>- 11 l~2r-1 '-1-L ~t-L_ ,--__ 1. D~ -7 E rz..., llO JE.: HO ·-::, rt}I ~t:: ( -[)/',. ~TI f:N -r -'-' ~,1-V O/ )HI --- IV r-\\I )€ y,_ b M," __ lb I'-16 \1 e>J i,., -~~ '< -ru (\J . 1,c: I --~- Project Title: ::pc,13 L~ - By: EFN.CIL Checked By: ----Sheet_\_of_L_ 0 1 ~, > 11 __ b_ -f -Z. "' Iv = lz. s 5 _j_ J; r"::: I '?_'I-Jl r;t 1/4(,~ ::. :1. 5 ~ -1-"~ 7 L ---J -(), 2 S'1 ~~· - '5~ 'I-'' 1.· .L.'i /--(.v_ oJ ~ w-) ~ . -l Q I ' "-- \ '9 ~ 2.. f,1.ct5,1U-e.6 Co,0TEAJT Date: l\j I ci ! <t7. Date: ---- ..,.... re ~NI J/3 '°9'. ~f-C I I l ~' ~ ,b J I ----e ~-ft5 - ---· \/. (j ll~u i, . I ~I b -Li I X L~ ~, g ..,, Li 1-,..,, T ~- " 5 ? F 1:. -.-t ,-~ y; () "---1 1fo ~o, -i. cl, ~, ~-l u ~ c__ ~\ I I ,-I ~ ' t. s::- ~-:2 Ft j '-A'> vc c1:\, ~c, .,, ,S ~-. IJ!l '"& /3 I\J( u re. 1=:1 h,J Lu i~,( le· -· I CL 1111 t"'(t. b o, i:.-t rz__C:t) q3 ... ~113 1"7) ,4 ~,-! I tf-0 T SENT BY : 3-13-97 9:39AM 'Sverdrup and Parcel & Assoc. Novernber 16, 1982 PJge 3 MOISTURE CONTENT Boring Depth, Feet B-1 5.0 8.5 13. 5 18. 5 23.5 ~ B-2 5.0 7.0 9.0 11. 0 13. 0 15.0 17.0 19.0 20.0 21.0 23.0 ii 8-3 s.o 7.0 9.0 11 . 0 13.0 15.0 17 .o ~ 18. 5 B-4 5,0 7.0 9.0 n .o 13.0 7 15.0 16.5 ~ ::>l S&ME CORPORATE..., :# -1!10 RESULTS Moisture Content, percent 16.4 11 . 9 12. 9 20.2 13.0 1£.t. ~ 10. 7 11 . 0 5.6 20.4 8,4 1 2, I} 13. 9 5.8 17.9 12.9 28.4 JY7-i 7.6 9.5 14. 2 13 .4 12.3 9.9 8. 1 21. 7 ci~-1 9.2 10.0 21 • 3 8. 1 8.9 11. 6 11 . 1 ~().2--,, 31<?. -7 -t-Z .Q~ 'fv -,,, NORTH CAROLINA DIVISION OF WASTE MANAGEMENT SOLID WASTE SECTION CALCULATION SHEET 1) C. ]_ __ ~f ~,.. I\. i', Ut --c T} ~L J b, ~ s, rv j I -::;o u, Lf h eJ. Dt• :::-.::: ·I IJ ~~ ~r-, pj ~_: .. I I I . ' --C rlL 7c ?__~ {) ' fl -::-\ -I ~. Ir ~~ ' _,4' -!--\--;-;( 1-(.~ ··t;· --' -)-2 ... ; \tii i;-f" > I')\, -< 'K ,\ -lf7" :fZ... ) H ,f.\,., IIA~<l'.'. (2_' ,,,. i1 ~,, ,,-, .:; .e=. -:::>, ~-;1,::0 ;-( "l(. c;-v~ uf -' ?.:_~ :/J ~/i I E]'J ~k ~~~ , I -.. 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(;1L<;i::-L.-,1?,<::/Af.S•~-c 1.1~1, ly;+-l>'-J -t--l , ___ j_;a ln! r__.Mfl l\'-!.A-=Fr_,·-l+--+--1--1-+-l--+--+--+--+-+-+--+--i---l-+-l--+--+--+--l--+-+-+--+--i---l-+--t ,~F~' -+--+--1--~S~·•-,~>---'µ-4[!)---+--+--+-~~-i_,l ._._..-l----l~c o.. y --~--l---1---=e_.r.(t c.:r . 1./. .~ 'i ~o r.l..c:.. 11:r;t+---j----j,--+-+---t--l 11 •~ -I l .:..J~L.l--jf--+-"-~·o"-!!-1-+--+--l--+-+-+--+--f-----l-+-l--+--+--+--+--+-+--1---1 5 T(. ,I~ 14 I b z. 0 5JJ_t""'---+---1--1----1-~:::::.ig _ .... _______ J 7-. __ .__.___,____. ___ t ....... b__,_-+---l---+--1--1---1--L '°--1---+--+--1---t-+-+---l---1---l--r-1 ..::;· .. I ;-le, I \ ' __L O I 8._--l-+--+-+---!---tc--+-+--+--+----1 '"'Tl~ s 7 Je_ 1 7 C 1-'"'=+-'--T-+'-+--+-----1--+J...+CJ ... ,--+--+-+---l--'-l +.....:l--+---1--1---~i.._1--1---1---1---1----1-........µ;?=1--!-/---1---1---1---l---1--1---1---1---1----1-----l---l ~ iT , 7.-& I ? O l D 7 t:> ~>1 S it, 3 l 7 1 I I <1 5T I~ 2.. ~ l L. .3-.S--1---+-+---1-+-+--+---+3-=::.+--l--l--+--l-l--+-+--l---+--+-t I Project Title: PC..B LF -£ ppecf/Ve '§12~s11'j {)f :5pec.rf<-y1ezl). By: £fka1 Date: II J,q/q7 Checked By: ____ Date: ' Sheet of --------D8 HYDROLOGIC PROPERTIES OF EARTH MATERIAL& 'O <"b ,;J q_"' ~/ ~ "'"' "-~ ,$XO"-,J' 0 q_"-' ,f ~ <& "' '<,' ~ ~ "o "'"' \ . \>:NOY CLAY 0 90 80 CLAY EXPLANATION Line of equal specific yield Interval I and 5 percent PARTICLE SIZE, IN MILLIMETERS Sand 2-0.0625 70 s,11 0.0625-o.oo• Clay <0.004 ~ 60 ,,.,_ IJ;. ~ ~ ,<) '1l ~ --i,.. "Q · / \ l'> I :'\ I "\ I ' 0 o C\ -v, Zy<, t y ::::::::--,, / / :::::::::,, "' J SILT SIZE, IN PERCENT FIGURE 1.-Soll-classltlcatlon trl1rngle showing relation between particle size and specific yield. The concept of moisture equivalent was introduced by Briggs and McLane (1907) by determinations made on more than 100 soils of the moisture retained under a centrifugal force 3,000 times the force of gravity. Stearns_ (1927) · pointed out that the moisture-equivalent method is based on the theory of applying a centrifugal force great enough to reduce the capillary fringe enough that it can be ignored without introducing much error, even in small samples, and yet not so great as to withdraw a large proportion of the water that is held more securely above the capillary fringe. Stearns noted that if a material will lift water 100 inches by capillarity acting against grav-ity, the material will theoretically be able to hold the water only 0.1 inch against a centrifugal force that is 1,000 times grealter than the force of gravity. Prill (1961) discussed this relation in more detail and pointed out that water retention after centrifuging is comparable to that obtained by gravity drainage of long columns. Briggs and McLane (1907) made their early determinations under a centrifugal force of 3,000 times gravity, but in a later publication Briggs (1910) suggested that a force 1,000 times gravity could be used. - - -- - ----.. COMPILATION OF SPECIFIC YIELDS D9 In 1912 Briggs and Shantz conducted moisture-equivalent tests employing a force 1,000 times gravity, and since then, that force has been accepted as standard by most investigators, including the u.S. Bureau of Public Roads (1D42), American Society for Testing and Materials (1961), and American Association of State Highway Of-ficials (1942). However, many studies have been made since 1912 concerning the relation of many other factors to the moisture equiv-alent obtained. Considerable experimental work has indicated that -for at least some medium-textured materials the moisture equivalent approxi-mately equals specific retention. Israelson ( 1918) stated that cor-relations between the moisture equivalent and the water retention after irrigation closely corresp_ond. In 1933 Piper determined a rela-tion ( fig. 2) between centrifuge-moisture equivalent and specific retention, as determined by the field drainage of long columns of various materials. Since that time, the centrifuge-moisture equivalent, as a percentage of the volume, has been adjusted to specific retention by multiplying by the ratio-correction factor determined by Piper ( 1933). This value is then subtracted from the porosity to obtain the specific yield. In 1963 Johnson, Prill, and Morris reported a detailed study of the centrifuge-moisture-equivalent method. This research showed, for example, that the effect of temperature was of sufficient magnitude to warrant establishment of a standard temperature for the test (Prill and Johnson, 1959). Since 1959, centrifuge-moisture equivalents de-termined by the Hydrologic Laboratory have been made at a constant temperature of 20°C., and the American Society for Te;;ting and Materials now (1966) has adopted this temperature as their standard for the test. (Prill and Johnson, 1966). MOISTURE-TENSION TECHNIQUES Moisture tension has been defined as the equivalent negative gage pressure, or suction, in the soil moisture. It is equal to the equivalent negative pressure to which water must be subjected to be in hydraulic equilibrium-through a porous permeable plate or membrane-,Yith the water in the soil. For tensions less than one atmosphere, the moisture-tension rela-tions are determined by porous-plate apparatus consisting cif a light-duty pressure chamber in which porous ceramic plates are installed. ·An air compressor maintains the air within the pressure chamber at. a value equivalent to a given tension force. Duplicate samples of the soil, retained in ½-inch-high plastic rings, are placed on the porous plates in the pressure chamber and are al-- .. -·· J;. .. !;; .D ~i p, ~ - 51f'- 5 ,-7 s ITT- :s ~,s s ~,t. ~ 1~ ::,fn, s!n.:1"" '5 .. ,i INi ~T .I 5 M 74. -r;, l~-L .... ~,('. '""t<: I~ bV , 6/~ ( ,~ !S ~...: -5. 7 <; I~ 4, .<6::2, / '"t_9 NORTH CAROLINA DIVISION OF WASTE MANAGEMENT SOLID WASTE SECTION CALCULATION SHEET J"J.J G-+ he· '-'/, ::L D Ci ~/2!. ~f. z:, . ( ~t: -I-k l ,<]~ 'L) ~ I __ !I. lS7c1 1l/ S- tc TI :9 7)-.J, :;, i:::' ~ ·e ;;s ~ vo dE :...... f' fZ • C :rr ~L ' I 9, ~ '-II) hf: L1 ' ~ w kH ~ -6 J'i 1'>\t .., '-.J (l_ ~. 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