NCD980602163_19940712_Warren County PCB Landfill_SERB C_Draft Field Sampling Plan for Landfill-OCR

• I I
FIELD SAMPLING PLAN
FOR WARREN COUNTY PCB LANDFILL
Draft Draft
July 1 2, 1 994
Prepared for
Draft
Joint Warren County and State PCB Working Group
by
North Carolina Department of Environment, Health, and Natural
Resources
Division of Solid Waste Management
FIELD SAMPLING PLAN
FOR WARREN COUNTY PCB LANDFILL
FIELD SAMPLING OVERVIEW
TEAM ORGANIZATION
OVERSIGHT
SITE SAFETY
PUBLIC AND MEDIA OBSERVATION
METHODS AND PROTOCOLS
LANDFILL CONTENT SAMPLES
· PURPOSE 0
FIELD SAMPLING METHODS
FIELD SAMPLING LOCATION
SAMPLING PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS
FIELD EQUIPMENT REQUIRED
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
CHEMICAL TEST METHODS
QUALITY ASSURANCE PLAN
LANDFILL LEACHATE SAMPLES
GROUNDWATER SAMPLES
SURFACE WATER SAMPLES
SURFACE SOIL SAMPLES
CARBON & SAND FILTER SAMPLES
SEDIMENTATION BASIN SUBSTRATE SAMPLES
SITE SAFETY PLAN
Outline details of this sectiorf.lare repeated in each following section.
FIELD SAMPLING OVERVIEW
TEAM ORGANIZATION
All field efforts by staff of the Division of Solid Waste Management or
its contractors will be lead by the Site Manager of the field effort. A Site
Safety Officer will be appointed by the Director of the Division and will be
independent of the direction of the site manager.
The field team, reporting to the site manager, will consist of adequate
numbers of staff to safely complete all required field sampling, labeling, and
reporting tasks in an efficient manner. Individual members of the field team
will coordinate with the disciplinary task leader developing the methodologies
and protocols for the field sampling and analysis effort. These disciplines
include:
Environmental chemistry
Environmental engineering
Hydrogeology
Environmental toxicology
Environmental statistics
Analytical chemistry
OVERSIGHT
The Science Advisor to the Joint Warren County and State PCB
Landfill Working Group or her staff will be allowed to directly oversee all field
activities of the Division of Solid Waste .Management or its contractors at the
field sampling effort upon the following qualifications: All such oversight
individuals must be currently trained by 40-hour OSHA hazardous waste
worker standards and must attend a site safety briefing held by the Site
Safety Officer prior to field activities.
SITE SAFETY
A site safety plan has been prepared for this sampling and analysis
event. All individuals present during this effort as team members, oversight
personnel, or observers will be required to adhere to the requirements of this
plan. The Site Safety Officer will be the authority for the site safety plan's
implementation. This authority is separate from the authority of the team
manager, who has the overall field sampling plan responsibility.
PUBLIC AND MEDIA OBSERVATION
Members of the Working Group, the public, and media representatives
are invited to observe the field sampling activities provided they observe
established safety requirements. All observers to the site with the exception
of the Science advisor or her properly trained staff must be accompanied at
all times while on the property.
The Site Safety Officer will establish a zone for each sampling activity
where only properly trained professionals will be allowed to enter. However,
these areas are expected to be small and will be temporary during actual
preparation and sampling efforts. Safe zones will be established where
interested members of the Working Group or other citizens or their
representatives will be allowed to observe the field work.
The work plan calls for a video tape of the sampling effort to be made.
This tape will be made available upon request.
All observers present during the sampling program within the landfill
area (beyond the locked cross wire on the access road to the landfill) will be
required to attend a site safety briefing, sign a statement that they have
received this instruction, and must obey the directions of the site safety
officer and their escort. Observers present during the sampling are required
to be properly attired, including long-sleeved shirts, long pants, and sturdy
shoes (e.g. work boots, hiking boots, or athletic shoes). Chemical protective
overboots will be provided upon request. Any deviation from required attire
will be allowed solely at the discretion of the site safety officer.
METHODS AND PROTOCOLS
The Division of Solid Waste Management uses standard forms and
number-controlled, unique sample labels in all field sampling events. Samples
of these forms and labels follow this section of the Field Plan. Included are:
1 . Chain of custody record -this form accompanies all samples from the
time they are placed in the container and labeled through shipment to
the laboratory and finally accompany the data from the laboratory back
to the requesting authority. This "chain-of custody" record, where
each subsequent handler of the sample or data acknowledges custody
and reponsibility for the sample is a high-order quality control
procedure. While originally designed for enforcement related samples
that could be involved in court procedings, it has proven valuable in all
areas of quality control.
:z
2. Sample analysis reguest -this form accompanies samples from the
field to the laboratory. It lists individual samples uniquely by listing the
unique sample identification number from the sample label and directs
the analytical laboratory to perform the appropriate analysis on each
sample.
3. Receipt of samples form -this form is used when the original
sampling team releases split, duplicate, or original samples to another
person or group. This form will be used in this field sampling exercise
when split or duplicate samples are relenquished to the science
advisor.
4. Examples of two field sampling labels have been attached to a page
for demonstration. These labels have distinct computer generated
identification numbers which aids in quality control and field
effeciency. Separate label systems exist for samples to be analyzed
for organic constituents and those to be analyzed for inorganic
constituents.
To the extent practical all methods and protocols used during the
Warren County PCB Landfill environmental characterization will be published
protocols or standards, or modifications of such necessary for the specific
conditions of this effort. In general, all planned field sampling activities and
subsequent chemical analyses follow or are derived from:
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1991, Environmental Compliance
Branch Standard Operating Procedures and Quality Assurance Manual.
N.C. Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources, Division of
Solid Waste Management, 1993, Sample Collection Guidance Document.
Occupational Safety and Health Administration Directorate of Technical
Support. 1990. Instruction CPL 2-2.20B CH-1, Chapter 1 Personal Sampling
for Air Contaminants.
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Solid Waste. 1994. SW-
846. Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste Physical Chemical Methods.
Sampling and analysis methods not modelled after the above published
methods are considered survey or research methods and will be used in
addition to, not in replacement of, published methods, where applicable.
All sampling and analysis of samples will be conducted under standard
chain-of-custody methods of the Division of Solid Waste Management, which
comply with all federal environmental regulatory requirements.
NC-DEHNR
Division or Solid Waste Management
D Superfund Section
D Huardous Waste Section
, Solid Waste Section
Project Name:
Site ID # (NCO#)
Location:
Address:
Sample Types: Soil
Remarks:
Field Sample
"lumbers
Relinquished by:
(Signature)
CHAIN Of CUSTODY RECORD
Sampled by:
Sampler ID
Telephone: L)
Date Sampled:
Time Sampled:
Water Waste
Date:
Organics Lab:_· __
lnorganics Lab: __
Other
Time:
·········-------------------------------------------------·-Received by: Date: Time:
(Signature)
Relinquished by: Date: Time:
(Signature) --------
Received by: Date: Time:
(Signature)
Relinquished by: Date: Time:
(Signature) -------------------
Received by: Date: Time:
(Signature)
Results Reported: Date: Time:
(Signature)
J.f
(A:\COCR.FRM)
Page_of_
SOUD WASTE MANAGEMENT DIVISION
Receipt for Samples .. -
Name of Firm Firm Address
Firm Owner, Operator, or Agent Title
SAMPLE ~QtLECIEQ SAMPLE TYPE
NUMBER OATE:TIME WATER:s01L:OTHER
;/
Receipt for the sample(s) described
above is hereby acknowledged:
Signature of Inspector
Title
12YPLI~iIE SaMPL:f,i ~~PLE L~~IIQN
OFRD 1ACPTIRJCTO ONSITEIOFFSITE
Rece1pt/reJect1on of duplicate or
split samples is hereby acknowledged:
Signature of Finn Owner, Operator,
or Agent
Title
Comments: _______________________________ _
5
(A:\COCR.FRM)
-
NCDEKNR Solid Waae Mana,-it Div. SAMPLE ANALYSIS REQUEST NCDEHNR Laboratory Setvic:ea Divi1ion
P.O. Box 21047, 306 N. WillrunJton St. P.O. Box 27617, 401 Oberlin Road
Ralei,ti, North Carolina 27611-7687 RaleiJb, North Carolina 27611-1047
SiteNumber ______________ SampleIDNumber/Name ________________ _
NameofSite ______________ CollectcdBy _____________ lD# _____ _
Sitelocation Date Collected Time
Agency: Haz.ardous Waste --Solid Waste __ Superfund TCLP Compounds -
Sample Type Inoraanic Compounds Resulu(ma/1)
Eorlmomeotat Concentrate . Comments arsenic -barium -_ Ground Water (1) _ Solid (5) -cadmium
chromium --Surface Water (2) -liquid (6) -lead
_ mercury
-Soil (3) -Sludge (7) -eelenium
lilver --Other (4) -Other (8) ---Organic Chemistry Inorganic Chemistry -
Parameter Resulu (mall) Parameter Resulu(ma/1)(1111/ka) Oraanic Compounds Resulu(m&/1)
-P&T:GC/MS -antimony benzene -Acid:B/N Ext. arsenic carbon tetrachloride ----2,4-D -barium chlordane --2,4,S-TP(Silvex) -beryllium -chlorobenzene
chlordane cadmium chloroform ----beptachlor -chloride o-cresol -bexachlorobenzene chromium m-cresol ----bexachlorobuta.diene cobalt p-cresol ---cndrin copper cresol ---lindane -fluoride -1,4-dichlorobenzene
-methoxychlor -iron -1,2-dichloroethane
-toxapbene -lead -1, 1-dichloroethylene
--manganese -2,4-dichlorocthylene
--mercury -beptachlor
nickel bexachlorobenz.ene ---nitrate bexachlorobuta.dicne ---aelenium hexachlorocthane ---silver _ methyl ethyl ketone
FOR LAB USE ONLY sulfates nitrobcnzene ---thallium _ pentachloropbcnol
Date Received vanadium _ pyridine --zinc _ tetrachlorocthylcne
Date Extracted _pH _ trichloroethylcne
_ conductivit)'. _ 2,4,5-trichloropbcnol
Date Analyzed -TDS _ 2,4,6-trichloropbenol
-flash point _ vinyl chloride
Reported By --aidrin
linclane --Date Reported -_ mcthoxychJor
-_ toxapbcne
uh Number 1-2 4-D -. ,-_ 2,4,S-TP (Silvex)
J>HS 3191 (Rmted 1/94)
lo
f½e 2 5'0..Vr\.ple A(\a lj~is 'Re8u..er/ Fc>Yvvt
Purpose: Enforcement and compliance with the N.C. Solid and Hazardous Wute Management Rules.
Preparation: A aample analyses request form must be completed for each type of evaluation requested (inorganic or organic).
Each sample container should be labeled. Sample containers for organic analysis should be identified with organ:
labels and containers for inorganic analysis with inorganic labels. To assist in tracking the samples, a unique samph. •·
identification number (pre-printed on the label) ahould be uaigned to the umplea from each aampling point. All
organic sample containers from the same aample point may be identified with the aame unique sample ID number,
and likewise for inorganic aample containers. Blank labels can be provided for additional containers.
Do not submit an analysis request form without any parameters indicated.
Equivalent measurements: ppm = p.g/ml = mg/1 = p.g/g = mg/kg
ppb = p.g/1 = p.g/IOOOg = p.g/kg
DEFINITIONS/INSTRUCTIONS
Site Number -A unique twelve-digit aite/location identifier (i.e., the EPA identification number).
Name of Site -Name of facility, landfill, etc.
Site Location -City and county.
Sample ID Number/Name -a unique umple identification number which i1 preprinted on the aample label and the sample
name which may be an identifier for the sampling point (such as MW~l or SS-2).
Collected By -Name and staff identification number of collector.
Date and Time Collected -Self-explanatory.
EnviroM1ental -Naturally occurring materials such as ground water, surface water, or aoils which may be contaminate
Concentrate
Comments
-Waste material, including but not limited to, sludges, resins, treatment effluents, or drummed wastes.
-Include sample or sample point data (e.g. sample location, well number, phase separation, and/or odor).
Inoraanic Chemistry -Check(,/') the desired parameters for analysis. Ifnot listed, enter parameter in the space provided.
Oraanic Chemistry -Check (,/') the desired analytical acan (P&T:GC/MS acans for volatile organic compounds, and
Acid:B/N Ext. acans for semi-volatile organic compounds). If not listed, enter the compound in
the space provided.
TCLP Compounds -Check (,/') the desired parameters to be analyzed. TCLP can only be performed on aolid or semi-
aolid umples. For totals of the inorganic parameters, check (,/') the corresponding parameter
under Inoraanic Chemistry. For totals of the organic parametera, check ((') the corresponding
parameter scan under Oraanic Chemistry.
Distribution: 1. Send or deliver the original to the Laboratory Services Division.
2. The Lab then sends a copy (with results) to the Solid Waste Management Division.
3. The Solid Waste Management Division 1e11ds a copy to the field person or collector.
Disposition: This form may be destroyed in accordance with the Environmental Health, Solid and Hazardous Waste Section of
the Records Djspositiop Schedule as published by the Nor:th Carolina Division of Archives and His~ry.
Additional forms may be ordered from: Solid Waste Management Division
Hazardous Waste Section
P.O. Box 27687
Raleigh, N.C. 27611-7687
'7
5' A m p L ES : U. N I cQ u..E F I EL D SA m PL E I-A '18 E 1--S
·-····· ······-! Oll CI tA2AfDOU! •A!TE ,GfT -eRAJC~ -JNtR,AlIC
Si litfll II O: C1!-80il--SI_T_LJO;_ ~-_;.~ __ -OjTf: -~---
SOLID & ~AZARDCUS WASTE MGMT 3RAhCH -ORGANIC ~AMPLE ~O: 011062 SITE ~O: __________ )ATE: _____ _
SITE ~AM~:---------------------------------------
SI Tc LOCAlIO~: -----------------------------------COLL~CT~R: ______________________ TI ~~: _________ _
LANDFILL CONTENT SAMPLES
PURPOSE
• Collect samples of contents of Warren County PCB Landfill to determine
chemical content of all PCB isomers, dioxin and di-benzo furan isomers,
general organic chemical scans for volatile and semi-volatile organic
contaminants, toxic metals, and the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching
Procedure (TCLP).
• Collect samples of landfill contents for analysis of physical soil
characteristics and nutrient availability
• Determine water level within landfill
• Collect and analyze sample of gases within the landfill
• Construct a temporary water level sampling system through the air vent
• Establish gas sampling port, to support any future sampling, during
reconstruction of air vent.
FIELD SAMPLING METHOD
Following collection of a preliminary air (gas) sample from within the landfill,
the Schedule 40 4" PVC air-vent pipe will be cut off just above ground level.
The gas sample will be acquired using a Gilliam personal air sampling pump,
collected a known volume of gases from within the landfill through a
specialized air sample filter containing charcoal as a collection media. Landfill
content (soil) samples will be acquired by all terrain vehicle (A TV) mounted
with a 1" hydraulic Geoprobe sampling device ("Scorpion") and/or hand
auger. Three or more continuous soil column samples will be acquired first.
These samples will be sleeved in PET plastic tubes. Subsamples from these
columns will be directed for chemical analysis. Additional bulk landfill
content samples will be aquired by Geoprobe or hand auger and will be
directed for the bulk physical analyses.
FIELD SAMPLING LOCATION(S) (ATTACH SKETCH IF APPROPRIATE)
All samples will be taken at or within the central air vent for the landfill. A
schematic drawing of this unit is included with this description.
SAMPLING PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS
Air sampling and site preparation will occur one day before the major field
sampling exercise. A minimum of two, 40-hour OSHA-trained field staff will
be required. On the main sampling day, in addition to the two operators of
the Scorpion-Geoprobe unit, two 40-hour OSHA-trained field staff will be
required for sample preparation, recordkeeping, and general field support
activities.
FIELD EQUIPMENT REQUIRED
In addition to the ATV-mounted Geoprobe sampler and hand augers, field
equipment will include an array of chemically-clean sample containers and
sample collection and preparation devices for handling both soil and water
samples. Sample containers, labels, and sample preservation and
storage(transhipment) containers will also be required. Equipment to
decontaminate sampling devices and sample containers will be required to
prevent cross contamination of samples.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
Level D protective equipment for sampling personnel will be required. This
includes long-sleeved shirts, long-legged pants, safety shoes, impact
protective eyeware, and disposable surgical gloves.
CHEMICAL TEST METHOD($}
Soil samples of landfill contents will be analyzed for organic volatile
compounds by EPA method 8240; for semi-volative compounds by method
8270; for pesticides and herbicides by methods 8081 and 8141, for PCBs by
method 8081 and for mono-through octa-dioxins by method 8290, and by
method 1311, the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP). It is
also anticipated that the EPA Athens Lab and the GE Lab will conduct
specialized PCB congener determinations in addition to the standard method
8081.
The NC Department of Transportation Soils Lab will analyze a sample of the
landfill contents by their "Quality Test" methods. These tests include:
plasticity index, liquid limit, sieve analysis (particle size distribution), moisture
content, organic content, and permeability.
The NC Department of Agriculture's Agronomic Soils Lab will perform their
"Standard soil test" on another landfill content sample. The parameters to
be reported include: pH (measure of acid/base balance in the soil), weight
per unit volume, percent humic matter (measure of decomposed organic
matter in soil), cation exchange capacity, and soil nutrient analysis (calcium,
sulfur, phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium content).
QUALITY ASSURANCE PLAN (INCLUDE SPLIT SAMPLES AND ALTERNATE LABS)
The Working Group's Scientific Advisor will be allowed to have a
representative present at all field sampling activities performed during this
effort. In addition, a video tape of these activities will be made and will be
made available to the Working Group and the citizen's of Warren County.1
1 This condition will apply to all elements of this field sampling plan, but will not be repeated
in writing with each program element.
10
All samples will be labelled using a number controlled unique sample label.
Chain-of-custudy procedures of the Division of Solid Waste Management will
be used on all samples, continuing throughout the sample transport and
chemical analysis steps by all laboratories. An example of DSWM labels,
Chain-of-custody Record, Receipt of Sample, and Sample Analysis Request
Form are included in the overview section of this field sampling plan.1
Field collected samples of the contents of the landfill targeted for PCB
analysis will be duplicated for analysis by the EPA Lab in Athens, GA and GE
Corp Environmental Laboratory in Schnectady, NY. In addition,
duplicate/split sample(s) of up to 25% of landfill content samples will be
prepared for a CLP laboratory selected by the Working Group's scientific
advisor. Sample(s) for dioxin analysis will be prepared. One or more field or
"trip blanks" will be prepared for analysis by the State Health Services Lab.
1 This condition will apply to all elements of this plan, and will not be repeated throughout
the document.
l l
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July 5, 1994
MEMORANDUM
TO:
FROM:
RE:
Sharon RogersC\)t
David J. Lown vc,,cr
Approximate Thickness of Waste at the Gas Vent
PCB Landfill, Warren County
The thickness of the PCB contaminated waste at the landfill
may vary from 22.5 to 25.5 feet thick. During the sampling of the
waste through the gas vent, I recommend the following:
1) sample runs be reduced to a maximum of six inches
per run at a depth of 24 feet below the top of the
concrete slab at the gas vent; and
2) sampling be stopped when any of the components of
the liner at the base of the landfill are
identified.
The components of the liner that should be identifiable
include, in descending order, the fabric filter, nine inches of
sand, compacted clay. The compacted clay is five feet thick and
overlies one foot of fill and the 30 mil PVC liner. Figure 1 shows
the details of the bottom liner.
The estimated original thickness of the landfill is based on
the drawings that you provided .. · Figure 2 is copied from the
drawing labeled "Cross-sections." Table 1 shows the measured
thicknesses of the landfill at the gas-vent slab.
Changes in the thickness of the waste is based on survey data
found in Randy McElveen's files on the landfill. The slab may have
settled two to three feet. The data was collected by the Solid
Waste and the Hazardous Waste Sections for the elevation of the
monitoring wells and the concrete slab at the gas vent. This data
is shown in Table 2. The concrete slab at the gas vent and the
four monitoring wells were surveyed after completion of the
landfill. This data is shown on the as-built drawing "Misc.
Details." The concrete slab and the monitoring wells were
resurveyed in 1991 and 1992.
The accuracy of this data is questionable. On the as-built
drawing, the monitoring well elevations are only given to the
nearest foot and what was surveyed at the well (top of casing, top
of concrete slab) is not indicated. The Hazardous Waste and Solid
Waste Section survey data differ by as much as 0.22 feet.
13
Memo
July 5, 1994
Page 2
According to the cross-section the base of the waste (top of
the liner) should be at a depth of 30.5 feet below the concrete
slab. If there has been 3 feet of settlement and compaction, the
base of the waste is at a depth of 27.5 feet below the slab.
Because of the possible inaccuracies of the .data, .I recommend that
the sampling interval be reduced beginning at 24 feet below ·the
slab. Regardless of when the sampling interval is reduced, it is
important to always be looking for the liner components.
cc: Bill Meyer
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LANDFILL LEACHATE SAMPLES
PURPOSE
• Collect sample of leachate (liquid content of landfill) from Warren County
PCB Landfill to determine chemical content of PCB isomers, dioxin and di-
benzo furan isomers, general organic chemical scans for volatile and semi-
volatile organic constituents, and toxic metals.
FIELD SAMPLING METHOD
The method used in collecting samples of leachate from the landfill will
follow those used in previous leachate sampling efforts. Use of the sample
sampling method will allow comparison of previously acquired data to the
new information. Sufficient sample will be withdrawn from the leachate
collection system sampling port and from the inlet the the filter system to
conduct the required chemical analyses. In addition, a sample will be drawn
from the outlet from the filter system. A variety of sample sizes and
containers is required. Samples for organic chemical analysis may be filtered,
and .b.Q1h the liquid fraction and the filter media will be submitted for
analysis. This would be necessary with samples with high particulate
content to determine the actual location of any complex organic molecules,
i.e., are they in the water itself or in the solids suspended in the water.
FIELD SAMPLING LOCATION(S) (ATTACH SKETCH IF APPROPRIATE)
The leachate collection system engineered into the design of the landfill
includes an access or sampling port located near the pump house on the
north end of the fenced area. A diagram of the sampling port is enclosed.
In addition, the leachate can be sampled from the inlet to the filter system
(as noted in the drawing accompanying the sample plan for the sand and
carbon filter section).
SAMPLING PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS
Two teams of two hydrogeological sampling personnel will complete this
task along with the sampling of the four monitoring wells during the main
sampling day's efforts.
FIELD EQUIPMENT REQUIRED
Standard, portable field sampling equipment will be required. A variety of
sample bottles will be available to be properly labeled for the required organic
and inorganic analyses. Portable decontamination equipment will also be
employed to prevent any cross-contact with the chemistry from one sample
to another.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
Level D protective equipment for sampling personnel will be required. This
includes long-sleeved shirts, long-legged pants, safety shoes, impact
protective eyeware, and disposable surgical gloves.
CHEMICAL TEST METHOD($>
Samples will be transferred to the appropriate laboratory under chain of
custody. All samples to be analyzed for organic chemicals will be maintained
at a temperature below 4°C to maintain the organic chemicals in the
sample(required by standard protocol). PCB analysis will be performed by
EPA Method 8081. Dioxin analysis by EPA Method 8290. Other types of
chemicals to be analyzed and their corresponding tests include: volatile
organics (Method 8240), semivolatile organics (Method 8270), pesticides
and herbicides (Method 8081 and 8141), and toxic metals (various
methods).
QUALITY ASSURANCE PLAN(INCLUDE SPLIT SAMPLES AND ALTERNATE LABS)
As requested by the science advisor, up to 20% of the individual samples
collected from the leachate system will have duplicates prepared for the
independent verification. A "trip blank" sample container, containing water
that is free of any organic chemicals, will be prepared to accompany the
sample containers during the entire sampling process, transfer to the
laboratory, and through final analysis. This technique is a standard part of
the quality assurance program for these sampling protocols and is routine
practice for the Division field sampling staff.
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GROUNDWATER SAMPLES
PURPOSE
• Collect and analyze samples from existing groundwater monitoring wells
adjacent to Warren County PCB Landfill.
• Determine depth (elevation) of ground water in each well at time of
sampling
FIELD SAMPLING METHOD
Standard field methods for sampling of groundwater monitoring wells will be
used. These methods are currently used to perform periodic routine sampling
of the four groundwater monitoring wells around the landfill. Continued use
of the same method enhances data comparability of new with older data.
Briefly, the method entails measuring the water level; purging the well; and
obtaining the groundwater sample. All water levels and well depths are
measured to the nearest 0.01 ft below the surveyed measuring point (e.g.,
top of casing). Prior to measuring the water levels, non-vented or seal able
well caps should be removed to allow the water level to equilibrate. The
measuring device will be decontaminated between each well by washing
with phosphate-free soap and rinsing thoroughly with organic-free water.
After measuring water levels, the wells are purged to remove stagnant
water. Purging equipment must not compromise sample integrity. When
purging is completed to protocol specifications, the samples for chemical
analysis should be taken as soon as possible and within 24 hours.
FIELD SAMPLING LOCATION($) (ATTACH SKETCH IF APPROPRIATE)
Existing groundwater monitoring wells are located on state property, but
outside the main landfill fence. One well is located in each direction north,
south, east, and west of the landfill and each is visible on the accompanying
air photo by the small individual fence surrounding each well.
SAMPLING PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS
The two two-person teams assigned to sample the leachate collection
system also should be able to prepare and sample the four groundwater
monitoring wells in the same sampling day.
FIELD EQUIPMENT REQUIRED
Groundwater sampling equipment must be constructed of materials and
properly prepared so as not to compromise the chemical integrity of the
sample. Thus, all collection devices and sample containers must be
composed of Teflon, glass, stainless steel, or Teflon-coated stainless steel.
Separate collection equipment from sample containers must be used. All
equipment must be carefully decontaminated before and between uses.
Duplicate samples, that approximate split samples by alternately filling paired
sample containers, can be prepared as required. True split samples cannot
be prepared because of the risk of lowering measurable levels of any volatile
organic chemicals during any required mixing.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
Level D protective equipment for sampling personnel will be required. This
includes long-sleeved shirts, long-legged pants, safety shoes, impact
protective eyeware, and disposable surgical gloves.
CHEMICAL TEST METHOD<Sl
Samples will be transferred to the appropriate laboratory under chain of
custody. All samples to be analyzed for organic chemicals will be maintained
at a temperature below 4°C to maintain any organic chemicals in the sample
(required by standard protocol). PCB analysis by EPA Method 8290. Other
types of chemicals to be analyzed and their corresponding tests include:
volatile organics (Method 8240), semivolatile organics (Method 8270),
pesticides and herbicides (Method 8081 and 8141 ) , and toxic metals (various
methods).
QUALITY ASSURANCE PLANflNCLUDE SPLIT SAMPLES AND ALTERNATE LABS)
As selected by the science advisor, up to 20% of the individual samples
collected from the groundwater monitoring wells will have duplicates
prepared for the independent verification. A "trip blank" sample, containing
organic-free water will be prepared to accompany the sample containers
during the entire sampling process, transfer to the laboratory, and through
final chemical analysis. This technique is a standard part of the quality
assurance program for this sampling pro·tocol and is a routine practice of the
Division of Solid Waste field sampling staff.
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SURFACE WATER SAMPLES
PURPOSE
• Collect and analyze water and stream sediment samples to determine if
PCB congeners are present.
FIELD SAMPLING METHOD
Standard field methods for collecting samples of flowing water and stream
bottom sediments will be used. Care must be taken to minimize disturbance
of the stream, e.g., downstream samples taken before upstream, water
samples taken before stream bottom sediment samples, and all sample
collection equipment and containers carefully decontaminated by organic-free
methods before and after use. Subject to the amount of flow present in the
stream at the time of sampling, surface water samples are obtained by
standing downstream of the water to be sampled, turning the container
sideways, partially submerging the container allowing water to fill the
container with minimal agitation. Floating debris must be prevented from
entering the sampling container.
Stream substrate samples are collected by forcing a hollow tube into the
sediment to a depth of up to 8 ", followed by capping the tube before
removing it from the sediment, then transferring this collected material to the
sample container that will be sent to the laboratory. This step is repeated
until adequate quantity of sample is acquired. In the event of a rocky or
impenitratable substrate, a glass sample container is used in place of the
sample tube. In this case, substrate is collected by secondary container and
transferred.
Samples will be taken at four locations, two each on the two streams near
the Landfill. To maximize the value of the data, samples will be taken at the
permanently established locations· for which considerable comparable data
already exists.
FIELD SAMPLING LOCATION(S) (ATTACH SKETCH IF APPROPRIATE)
The four existing stream sampling locations are located on the detailed (large)
Warren County PCB Landfill map that has been provided to the Working
Group and on the enclosed topographic insert.
SAMPLING PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS
Two individuals will be required to perform this sampling event. The two
hydrogeological sampling personnel will conduct this effort.
FIELD EQUIPMENT REQUIRED
Sample containers, sample collection equipment, and portable
decontamination equipment will be required.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
Level D protective equipment for sampling personnel will be required. This
includes long-sleeved shirts, long-legged pants, safety shoes, impact
protective eyeware, and disposable surgical gloves.
CHEMICAL TEST METHODf Sl
Stream water samples and sediment samples will be analyzed by EPA
Method 8290 for PCB content.
QUALITY ASSURANCE PLANIINCLUDE SPLIT SAMPLES AND ALTERNATE LABS)
If requested duplicate samples can be prepared, however, true split samples
are impossible due to the organic nature of the samples.
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SURFACE SOIL SAMPLES
PURPOSE
• Collect samples of surface soils around the central air vent of the landfill
to analyze for PCB content.
• Collect samples of surface soils around the leachate collection system
sampling port and pump house to analyze for PCB content.
• Collect surface soil samples from any potentially suspect surface area of
the landfill and analyze for PCB content
FIELD SAMPLING METHOD
Standard soil field sampling methods will be used. Each area targeted for
surface soil sampling will be gridded off in the field. Location _and number of
samples to be taken will be determined in each area by standard statistical
methods (random sample location selection and Student's T-test verification
of representative number of samples) as approved by EPA for wide area
targeted sampling. At the discretion of the field team manager, radial
quadrants can be developed around each structure and all samples from that
quadrant composited. This is an option because air currents would be the
predicted mode of transport, such that individual quadrants should have
similar exposure histories.
In 1990, a similar field sampling and analysis was conducted on a sample
grid that covered the entire landfill surface. No PCBs were detected in any of
the landfill cap soil and vegetation samples. Results of the new sampling
and analysis can be compared to these older data to show historical trends.
FIELD SAMPLING LOCATION(S) (ATTACH' SKETCH IF APPROPRIATE)
Areas to be targeted for PCB surface soil and vegetation sampling include: 1)
Landfill cap in an area of approximately 1 O' radius from the central air vent,
2) Landfill cap in an area in approximately 1 O' radius from the pump house
and Leachate collection system outlet pipe, and 3) any specially targeted area
that may show liquid seepage or slumping of soils on or adjacent to the
landfill cap.
SAMPLING PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS
A total of four personnel will be required to accomplish this task in a timely
manner within the main sampling day. Surface soil sampling around the
access structures to the landfill contents, i.e., the air vent and the leachate
collection system will require scheduling coordination with those sampling
activities.
2..S
FIELD EQUIPMENT REQUIRED
Standard soil sampling equipment will be used including scoops, bowls. or
buckets that can be decontaminated or are disposable. Field portable
decontamination equipment will be required.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
Level D protective equipment for sampling personnel will be required. This
includes long-sleeved shirts, long-legged pants, safety shoes, impact
protective eyeware, and disposable surgical gloves.
CHEMICAL TEST METHOD{$>
Soil samples collected in this sampling effort will be analyzed by EPA Method
8081 for PCB content.
QUALITY ASSURANCE PLANIINCLUDE SPLIT SAMPLES AND ALTERNATE LABS)
Soil samples from this effort will be available for true split sampling up to the
20% number established by the Working Group.
CARBON & SAND FILTER SAMPLES
PURPOSE
• Sample and analyze material from the carbon and sand filters that are a
part of the leachate collection system. Samples will be analyzed for PCB
congeners.
FIELD SAMPLING METHOD
After removing the concrete covering over the carbon and sand filters, the
surface accumulations (primarily gravel) will be brushed back. The industrial
fabric covering the sand and carbon filters will be folded back and samples of
each filter substrate will be taken. All equipment used must be properly
decontaminated before and after use.
FIELD SAMPLING LOCATION(S) (ATTACH SKETCH IF APPROPRIATE)
A sketch of the sand and fabric filters is included with this description. The
sand and fabric filters are part of the leachate treatment system which only
briefly operated in the first year following landfill closure. The filters are
housed in a concrete structure just below the pump house, visible on the
north end of the landfill.
SAMPLING PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS
Two sampling personnel will be required to perform this activity. However,
the time required should be less than one hour, thus, these individuals can be
detailed from other activities.
FIELD EQUIPMENT REQUIRED
Routine organic chemical sampling equipment will be used in acquiring these
samples.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
Level D protective equipment for sampling personnel will be required. This
includes long-sleeved shirts, long-legged pants, safety shoes, impact
protective eyeware, and disposable surgical gloves.
CHEMICAL TEST METHODCSl
PCB analysis will be performed using EPA Method 8081.
QUALITY ASSURANCE PLANIINCLUDE SPLIT SAMPLES AND ALTERNATE LABS)
As requested by the science advisor, up to 20% of samples taken from the
leachate collection and treatment system (that includes the sand and carbon
filters) will be split or duplicated for independent analytical analysis.
30
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'·!._:~[ . , r~YEi:.:I lio" itoT ·n~IIO'"Slzt"'reN. ~~ ~ ... ;' .. .•·.-)~. :.-.:J·.,: ' .... .-.:-~! ->.;:f;~. :·~·/'.~·1J·\, ---r:i~DAltD.SIZE~S: .··'.:.· .. ,, : .. /,: :",•:,; ..... ~~~ :~.' ~-~ :,._ . ?)trjl ::f ·:·:,:;: SAND AND FABRIC FILTERS ~~:-~>I• •• . , 'SECT'i'c)N l:..A .. ·scALC'z••r-i:-~ · ·., , .... ! . . , ~-., . t ! ·, . ·-.-.-·: ~-• . .... . · .. • auiJti. ~m, CAIIIION --'~t?.:(\i:• :.-1Za40 MCSH s,zt. ·-: .. -.. , , · . ,: :.'!•-;~.~~ ... ?~ .. ,.: :~.' I• J~J::JB:ill}\;i•
SEDIMENTATION BASIN SUBSTRATE SAMPLES
PURPOSE
• Sample and analyze material from the substrate (soils) at the bottom of
the sedimentation basis that is a part of the leachate treatment system.
Samples will be analyzed for PCB congeners.
FIELD SAMPLING METHOD
Standard soil field sampling method will be employed. Up to 5 randomly
placed substrate samples will be taken by appropriate field collection devices,
then transferred to a properly prepared and labeled container for laboratory
analysis for PCBs. The soil sample need only be analyzed to a depth of 3 to
5" due to the nature of PCBs in binding to the surface substrate. Low levels
of PCBs (near the detection limit) were found in these substrate materials in
earlier sampling activities in this same basin.
FIELD SAMPLING LOCATION($) (ATTACH SKETCH IF APPROPRIATE)
The sedimentation basin is located outside the main landfill fence to the
north of the landfill. It can be identified as a depression in the ground, that is
completely vegetated by grass and some taller weeds. The sedimentation
basin has never routinely held any liquid and was used only briefly during the
first year following closure of the landfill.
SAMPLING PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS
Two sampling personnel will be required to perform this activity. However,
the time required should be one to two hours, thus, these individuals may be
detailed from other activities.
FIELD EQUIPMENT REQUIRED
Routine organic chemical sampling equipment will be used in acquiring these
samples.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
Level D protective equipment for sampling personnel will be required. This
includes long-sleeved shirts, long-legged pants, safety shoes, impact
protective eyeware, and disposable surgical gloves.
CHEMICAL TEST METHODCSl
PCB analysis will be performed using EPA Method 8081.
QUALITY ASSURANCE PLANONCLUDE SPLIT SAMPLES AND ALTERNATE LABS)
As requested by the science advisor, up to 20% of samples taken from the
leachate collection and treatment system (that includes the sedimentation
basin) will be split or duplicated for independent analytical analysis.
SITE HEALTH AND SAFETY PLAN
A. GENERAL INFORMATION
Site Name Warren County PCB Landfill O & M ID# NCO 980 602 163
Location lust off SR 1604 Warren County NC
Proposed Date of Investigation luly 1994
Date of Briefing luly ,1994
Date of Debriefing luly 1994
Health Department Official Contacted
Date of Contact lvly 1994
Site Investigation Team: All site personnel have read the Site Health and Safety Plan
and are familiar with its provisions.
Personnel Responsibilities · Signature
Plan Preparation:
Prepared By:
Reviewed By: _____________ _
33
B. SITE/ WASTE CHARACTERISTICS
Waste Type(s) _X_Liquid _X_ Solid __ Sludge __ Gas
Characteristics __ Corrosive __ Ignitable __ Radioactive
Volatile _X_Toxic Reactive Other
List Known or Suspected Hazards (physical, chemical biological or radioactive)
on Site and their toxicological effects. Also, if knewn, list chemical amounts
HAZARD
PCBs
WARNING PROPERTIES
Odor Threshold ron -no data
(mild hydrocarbon odod
TLV
o.smg/m:i
Facility Description: Size: Total -142 acres
Landfill -2.54 acres
Buildings : none
Unusual Features on Site (dike integrity, power lines, terrain, etc.): none known
History of the Site:
Between June, 1978 and August, 1978, over 30,000 gallons of industrial liquid waste material identified as
PCBs (Arochlor 1260 and Arochlor 1262) were discharged deliberately along the shoulders of approzximatley
150 miles of NC highways. In June, 1979, EPA approved a tract of land (previously used for agriculture) in
Warren County as the disposal site for the PCB-contaminated roadside soil. The landfill (constructed in 1983-
1984 and permitted under the Toxic Substances Control Act-TSCA) contains about 40,000 cubic yards of soil
contaminated with PCBs. The concentration of PCBs in the landfill ranges from 46 to 200 ppm, averaging
about 135 ppm.
C. HAZARD EVALUATION
The site can be toured in level P protection.
Steel-toed safety shoes and chemical protection overboots shall be worn by all staff involved in sampling
activities. lnvididuals touring or observing the site shall wear substantial laceup shoes with chemical protective
overboots. Long sleeve pants and shirts are required.
D. WORK PLAN INSTRUCTION
Map or Sketch Attached? ¥es
Perimeter Identified? ¥fS
Command Post Identified? .DQ
Zones of Contamination Identified? ¥fS
Personal Protective Equipment/Level of Protection: ____ C __ X_D
Modifications: The site can be toured and sampled in level D protection. Steel-toed work boots will be worn
while sampling. PE or eve gloves will be worn while collecting water or soil samples The HNU or OYA will
be used to monitor breathing zone air while soil augerjng and sampling of soils, Twek suits will be worn while
augerjng. It is recommended that no observers be allowed within 1 o meters of the sampling sites. Level D
personnel protective eQuipment including chemical protective boots will be reQuired of all observers
Observers are to be accompanied at all times by a person properly trained by 29 CFR 1910.120 to 40-hr
standards.
Surveillance Equipment:
____ HNU
____ OVA
Combustable Gas Meter ----
Decontamination Procedures
____ Detector Tubes and Pumps
02 Meter ----
----Radiation Monitor
___ Level C Respirator wash, respirator removal, suit wash (if needed),
suit removal, boot wash, boot removal and glove removal.
_X __ Level D Boot wash and rinse and boot removal, suit removal, glove
and goggle removal.
Modifications ---------------------------
EMERGENCY PRECAUTIONS
Route of Exposure first Aid
~ . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . irrigate immediately
Skin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . soap and water wash
Inhalation
Ingestion
fresh air and artificial respiration
get medjcal ·attentjon immediately
Location of Nearest Phone: unknown
Nearest Hospital (Address and Phone Number)
Maria Parham Hospital Ruin Creek Road at 1-85, Henderson. NC 27536
can handle chemically contaminated patients
Emergency Transportation Systems (Phone Numbers)
Fire lli
EMS ill
Rescue Squad lli
Emergency Route to Hospital Travel west on SR 1604 tben turn left onto SR 1125, lust past Cokesbury,
turn right onto SR l 5 lo, then left onto SR l 001, Stay on SR 1001 until just outside of Henderson, then turn
right onto SR 1508 which will lead you to 1-85. Take 1-85 South to the Ruin Creek Road exit the hospital is
well marked,
EQUIPMENT CHECKLIST
__ Air purifying respirator
__ Cartridges for respirator
__ Dust Mask
_X_O2 Indicator
_X_Eye Wash Unit
_X_HNU
_X_OVA
_X_Combustable Gas Meter
_. _Radiation Monitor
_ Detector Tubes and Pump
_X_ First Aid Kit
_X_3 gal. Distilled H20
Rainsuit
_X_ Gloves (PE/PVC/nitrile/cloth)
_X_ Boots/Boot Covers
_X_ Coveralls (tyvek/saranex)
_X_ Eye Protection
_X_Hard Hat
_X_ Decontamination
Materials.
, Chemical Emergency Information Centers
ASHEVILLE
704-255-4490
CHARLOTTE
704-379-5827
DURHAM
1-800-672-1697
GREENSBORO
919-379-4105
Poison Control Center· State Coordinator
Duke University Medical Center
Telephone: [phone]
P.O. Box 3024
Durham, NC 27710
Western NC Poison .
Control Center
HENDERSONVILLE
704-693-6522
Memorial Mission Hosp. Ext. 555,556
509 Biltmore Ave. 28801
Mercy Hospital
2001 Vail Ave, 28207
Duke Univ. Med. Center
Box 3007, 27710
Moses Cone Hospital
1200 N. Elm St. 27420
HICKORY
704-322-6649
JACKSONVILLE
919-577-2555
WILMINGTON
919-343-7046
Margaret R. Pardee
Memorial Hospital
Fleming St., 28739
Catawba Mem. Hosp.
Fairgrove Chur. Rd 28601
Onslow Mem. Hospital
Western Blvd. 28540
New Hanover Mem. Hospital
2131 S. 17th St. 28401
31
PROJECT MANAGERS PROJECT ACTIVITY REPORT
PROJECT MANAGER: ______ _ PROJECT: ___________ _
INVESTIGATION DATE: _____ _
Materials Used (Please insert a number in the blank)
Air Purifying respirator cartridges
--Detector tubes
__ Eye Wash Units
First Aid Kit == Gloves (polyethylene)
Gloves(PVO
Respirator Worn By
Gloves (nitrile)
__ Gloves (cloth)
Boot covers
__ Coveralls (tyvek)
Coveralls (saranex)
__ Auger Brushes
Approximate Time in Respirator
Air Monitoring Data (Include Calibration Reading)
"iNU: ______________________ _
'--.
OVA: _________________________ _
Combustable Gas Meter: ___________________ _
Radiation Meter: -----------------------
If the maximum personal protective equipment as outlined in the Hazard
Evaluation Section was not used, please justify:
Visitors Present Organization Represented
-«:'II/SR/Revised 5-94