NCD980602163_19801113_Warren County PCB Landfill_SERB C_Removal and Disposal of Soils Contaminated with PCBs Along Highway Shoulders in North Carolina-OCR

., I
Removal And Disposal of Soils
Contaminated With PCBs
Along Highway Shoulders
In North Carolina
AP~l=-5nAT.I.YE .ACT.I.DN
u.NM,
ENY.I.EQNMENTAL I~AC:T STATE..1'1ENT
STATE OF NQ..R.Ml CAAQLINA
IN COMPLIANCE WITH
THE NORTE CAROLINA ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY ACT
/,:/,,3/ao
? Date Burley B. Mithell, Jr., Secretary
Department o Crime Control
And Public fety
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEr'IENT
PAGE
i
I. DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED ACTION 1
1
1
5
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
General Description
Historical Resume
Purpose of Action.
1.
2 .
3.
4.
Definition of PCBs
Regulations Pertaining to PCB
Spills . . . . . . . . .
Need for the Pronosed Action.
Estimated Cost :or Removal and
Disposal ....... .
Description of Remova~ and Disposal
I.
2 .
3.
Soil Removal . .
Transport
Disposal Method
a.
b.
Construction Procedure
Operational Plan
5
6
7
9
9
9
11
11
11
13
(1) Excavation 13
(2) Surface Runoff 14
(3) Leachate Collection
and Detection System 14
(4) Sampling and Moni-
toring . . . . 14
(5) Supportive Facilities. 14
C. Estimated Waste Volume 15
Description of Environmental
Setting 15
15
15
l.
2.
Roadside
Disposal Site
a.
b.
C.
d.
Location and General
Description
Hydrology and Topography.
Soil Conditions ...
Environmental Profile ..
15
15
17
18
II.
II I.
ALTERNATIVES TO THE PROPOSED ACTION AND
THEIR POTENTIAL IMPACTS
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
Procedures Utilized to Evaluate
Alternative Disposal Site
1.
2.
Locations . . . . ..
General Area of Potential Site
Locations ..
General Site Screening & Evalu-
ation Procedures
Alternative Sites Evaluated
1.
2 .
3 .
Total Sites Evaluated
Site Rejection
Selected Site . .
Alternative of Treatment In Place
Alternative of Transportation To A
PCB Material Incinerator
Alternative of Transportation To .. ~~
Existing Chemical Waste
Landfill . . . . .
Goodyear PCB Detoxification Process
No Action (Do-Nothing Alternative).
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF THE PROPOSED
ACTION
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Soil Removal
1.
2 .
3.
4.
Air Quality
a.
b.
Ambient Air Monitoring
Indoor Air Monitoring
Water Quality ....
Plant and Animal Life.
Traffic Disruption
Disposal Method.
1.
2.
3 •
Air Quality
Water Quality -Hydrology
Plant and Animal Life.
Land Use . . . . . . . . . .
Cultural Resources . . .
Effect on Workers, Motorists and
Area Residents ..... .
19
19
19
19
22
22
22
23
25
25
25
26
26
27
27
27
27
31
32
32
33
34
34
34
36
36
36
36
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.
VIII.
SIGNIFICANT ADVERSE ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
WHICH C.=illNOT BE AVOIDED . . . . . .
STE?S TAKEN TO MINIMIZE HARM OF UNAVOID-
ABLE ADVERSE ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LOCAL SHORT-
TERM USES OF MAN'S ENVIRONMENT AND
THE MAINTENAi.~CE AND ENHANCEMENT OF
LONG-TERM PRODUCTIVITY .....
IRREVERSIBLE AND I:aRETRIEVABLE COMMITMENT
OF RESOURCES WHICH WILL BE INVOLVED
IN THE PROPOSED ACTION .....
COMMENTS RECEIVED ON THE DRAFT
AND RESPONSES
STATEMENT
Aooendix A -PCB Spill Site Locations
Aonendix B -Soil Test Data
Appendix C -EPA Annroval and Conditions For the Warren
County.PCB DiSP.OSal Site
38
39
40
41
42
Appendix D -Comments Received on the Draft Environmental
Statement
Appendix E -USDA, Soil Conservation Service
Vegetative Cover Recommendations
CONCEPTUAL PLAN CROSS-SECTION GAS VENT 1.7---lV 'ii!IJL_ rrrtti' --~ ---<--~.Li.UL ·1~ .-;•;:.•:::::/;.;::;.;.;.:/:",·<t-:-::::-::::::-sti1i .. ·•.•,. . . -~ ------COMPACTED SOIL 6 11-PCB MIXTURE -.. --1';;m;rw'I':'FffiillfEiffhfnrtrirntr:lf .. , ,. ·.· /1', .. W:'l/~@:, \ \\ /--\--.._LEACHATE REMOVAL \'LE ACIIATE DE.TE CT ION /,-Y-Yr. -· V Y' fr_ '{ ) r f 11 r\.. I/ t , '\ r ).; \ -------_____ y WATER TABLE NOT TO SCALE FIGURE 4 0 TOP SOIL .. LEACHATE COLLECTION SYSTEM E] 8 ARTIFICIAL LINER PROTECTOR ~ ARTIFICIAL LINER EJ CLAY LINER ~ NATURAL EARTH --ORIGINAL GROUND SURFACE
I FOOT TOP SOIL ARTIFICIAL LINER -e S Y ST E M ..____________.. 1~ 2FOOT COMPACTED CLAY LINER --BRIDGING MATERIAL SOIL WASTE LEACHATE COLLECTION SYSTEM ......__ CONCEPTUAL PLAN CROSS-SECTION DETAIL 5 FOOT COMPACTED CLAY LINER ARTIFICIAL LINER I . I/~_-/:::::-·_..-.)½' LEACHATE '/:,C:::::... .............. ::•······"··· ... ......... .. //.(f:::·· ~ OE TE C llON SY ST EM~ .......... :•:•:·:-::::::::•::::::•::::::•:•:•:•:-·•········· ... ~::::::::::::::•:•:•:•:········•" .. . _..::,::·· W&' j . ' ~·::•:-::::•:•:•:•·'·:· :·:· .: :.: ..... :.:., .... ~.:.:.:·:·:··"·.· ........... ·····•"~ ... ,.· . ,,:,7 TURAL EARl:L·t .. •.•,•.•:-:-:-:-::::::-::::::,. I 4,.-.-.•,•,•:•:•:•::::• ~ I/~:\: FIGURE 3 ~ REMOVAL ~ EACIIATE L PIPES NOT TO SCALE
with especially designed adjustable outlet
nozzles and the broom will be covered with a
specially designed canvas cover to minimize
dusting and wind drift.
e. Reshaping of the disturbed shoulder area will
immediately follow the removal operation.
Depending on the width and cross slope of the
existing shoulder, reshaping will consist of
either scarifying and reshaping of the shoulder
by a motor grader, or filling in the excavated
area with borrow soil material and shaping
with a mo~or grader .
f. The shoulder reshaping operation will be
followed by erosion control operations consist-
ing of seed bed preparation, seeding, fertili-
zing and mulching of all disturbed areas.
2. Transnort
Once the contaminated material is denosited in
dump trucks, the dump bodies will be tightly covered
with tarpaulins using elastic tie-downs . Insofar as
possible and practical, contaminated material will be
hauled to the disposal areas along rural routes, avoid-
ing highly congested areas . Eauling of contaminated
material will take place only during daylight hours.
Vehicles equipped with mobile radio units will
routinely survey the haul routes for trucks with mechani-
cal difficulty. In the event of mechanical trouble,
mechanics will be radio dispatched.
3. Disnosal Method
a. Construction Procedure
The disncsal site for the PCB contaminated
soil is located on· approximately 142 acres of land
in Warren County. The exact site location is
shown on a County Map and a U. S. Geodetic Map
(see Figure 2 & 3).
The State of North Carolina proposes to con-
struct the PCB landfill in accordance with conceD-
tual plans approved by EPA. Figures 4 and 5 are-
conceptual sketches of the landfill. Final con-
struction plans must be approved by EPA . A gene-
ral description of how the landfill will be con-
structed follows:
11
1. The facility will be designed such that
excavation for the disposal site will not be
closer than seven feet of the groundwater
tabl e as determined b y on site soi l borings
and investigation of existing water table
level s in the vicinity of the site.
2. Construct lower leachate detection system as
a means of monitoring the artificial liner and
compacted clay liner. The leachate detection
system will consist of a porous material graded
to a sump to allow removal of any liquid mate-
rial.
3. Excavate and stockpile suitable soils which
when co~~acted wil l have a maximum permeability
of lxl0 cm/sec . Selection of suitable soil s
is to be monitored by a qualified soils engi-
neer.
4. Preoare surfaces and install 30 mil artificial
liner and l iner protection materials along bot-
tom and sides of pit.
5. Construct compacted clay liner in the bottom o f
the pit and along the side slopes of the dispo-
sal pit.
6. Place a layer of high permeability material
over the compacted clay and grade to a sump
area for collection and removal of leachate.
7. The soil contaminated with PCB waste will be
placed on top of the leachate collection sys-
tem in lifts as described in the operations
plan.
8. After placement of all the PCB contaminated
soil, a layer_of bridging material will be
placed then a two foot compacted clay liner
will be constructed.
9. An artificial liner and protection materials
will then be installed over the clay cap layer.
10. A foot of toosoil will be placed and graded for
surface drainage. The ground surface of the
landfill will then be prepared and seeded ac-
cording to Soil Conservation Service recommen-
dations.
11. All surface drainage during construction and
after completion will be diverted from the
landfill surfaces.
12
b. ODerational Plan
(1) Excavation
All necessary precautions and protective
measures will be implemented to maintain
integrity of the artificial liner. The back-
fill and placing of PCB contaminated soil
will be completed as follows: Two ten-foot
lifts will be used. The trucks will back
into the open end of the pit and place the
waste as near to working face as possible
without the truck wheels getting on the
waste. Tracked or rubber tired equipment
will be used to push and compact the waste
into olace . the waste will be comDacted to
the maximum extent practicable. ciean earth
will be placed on the floor of the pit as
needed to keep the trucks out of the waste.
The leachate collection system will be con-
structed as placement of first lift progresses.
A 1-foot layer of clean earth will be placed
over the middle 20 to 30 feet of the first
lift so the trucks can be on a clean surface
and the second lift will be completed as the
first. After the second lift has been com-
pleted, including placing the residue from
the runoff collection system, the open end of
the pit will be completely closed. A minimum
of one foot of clean soil will be placed on
top of the waste and graded to two percent
slooe from the center toward the trench
perimeters. A ten mil plastic cover will be
placed over this one foot of soil. A 2 foot
layer of compacted clay soil will be placed
over this cover, 12 inches of top soil will be
placed over the clay soil, graded to approxi-
mately two percent and seeded for erosion con-
trol. Additional erosion control measures will
be installed as required by the Division of Land
Resources Department of Natural Resources and
Community Development. A gas vent will be in-
stalled to prevent gas build-up and rupture of
the artificial liner.
(2) Surface Runoff
During the process of placing the PCB
contaminated soil in the disposal pit, sur-
face runoff from the pit area will be col-
lected in a holding pond. In accordance with
40 C.F.R. 761.4l(B)(4)(ii) the holding pond
will be capable of diverting surface runoff
from the pit area for a 24-hour 25-year
storm. The water and silt collected in the
13
holding pond will be analyzed for PCB and if
negative the water will be released to surface
drainage. If the analysis for PCB is positive,
the water will be processed through a carbon
filter Prior to release. The carbon filter,
and the-silt in the holding pond will be placed
in the disposal pit prior to final closing.
Since the PCB disposal site is located above the
100 year flood plain, no flood diversion struc-
tures are required after completion of the PCB
landfill operation. Surface run-on at the site
will be diverted by grading the vegetative cover
for the PCB landfill to topographical lows along
the perimeter of the landfill site.
(3) Leachate Collection and Detection Svstems
Two leachate collection systems will be
installed. One system above the clay liner and
another below the artificial liner. The leach-
ate collection system will consist of a highly
permeable material with PVC pipe for access and
removal of anv collected leachate. The leachate
will be tested for PCB contamination. :f the
leachate contains PCB particles and depending
on the concentrations found, the leachate mate-
rial will be disposed of in an EPA approved
PCB incinerator.
(4) Sampling and Monitoring
Three monitoring wells will be placed on
a line through the site. One of the wells
will be located above the disposal pit and
two below, with one of the wells located at
the area with the lowest groundwater. The
leachate collection systems will be monitored
monthly by the N. C. Department of Human
Resources. The receiving surface water in
the vicinity of the pit will be monitored
biannually by the N. C. Department of Human
Resources. The disposal site will be monitored
as long as required-by EPA.
(5) Supoortive Facilities
A six foot chain link fence with barbed
wire topping will be installed approximately
200 feet from the oerimeter of the disnosal
pit to prevent unauthorized persons and
animals from entering. The site will be
periodically inspected and maintained in a
manner to insure security and to prevent
hazardous conditions from developing.
14