MO-88916_97017_CA_IAR_20230406

P.O. Box 16265 • Greensboro, NC 27416
503 Industrial Ave • Greensboro, NC 27406
Phone [phone] • Fax [phone] • Toll Free [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
www.pyramidenvironmental.com
December 14, 2022 

Mr. Rusty Waddell  
US Ecology 
1075 Boulder Road 
Greensboro, NC  27409 
E‐mail: [e-mail]  

RE:  Helicopter Jet‐A Fuel Spill Cleanup Report  
I‐77 South Between Tyvola Road and Nations Ford Road, 
Charlotte, Mecklenburg County, NC  
 Spill Location: N. Lat.  35.154062° / W. Long.  ‐80.893366° 
 Responsible Party: IHeartMedia 
    801 Wood Ridge Center Drive 
    Charlotte, NC 28217 
    (704)714‐9444 
 Pyramid Project #2022‐357 
NCDEQ Incident #Pending 

Mr. Waddell: 

As requested by US Ecology, Pyramid Environmental and Engineering, P.C., (Pyramid) 
completed environmental services (soil screening and excavation supervision, disposal and 
post‐excavation soil sampling, laboratory analyses, and data evaluation, and NCDEQ reporting) 
for the Jet‐A fuel spill cleanup on I‐77 South, between Tyvola Road and Nations Ford Road in 
Charlotte, Mecklenburg County, North Carolina.  

1.0 IHeartMedia Helicopter Crash and Jet‐A Spill 
On November 22, 2022, a Robinson R44 helicopter crashed on the southbound side of I‐77, 
between Tyvola Road and Nations Ford Road in Charlotte, North Carolina. The accident resulted 
in a spill of approximately 25‐30 gallons of Jet‐A fuel along the drainage ditch running parallel to 
I‐77 South. After the wreckage was removed, the site was covered with a tarp until excavation 
work began on December 5, 2022. During this time, several rainfall events occurred. The 
location of the spill is shown on the enclosed figures included in Attachment A.  

On November 29, 2022, US Ecology contacted Pyramid Environmental & Engineering, P.C. 
(Pyramid) to provide environmental services including soil screening, soil sampling, laboratory 
analyses of soil, and spill cleanup reporting.  

US Ecology – Helicopter Jet‐A Fuel Spill Cleanup on I‐77 South in Charlotte, NC page 2 
Pyramid Environmental Project # 2022‐357  December 14, 2022 
As coordinated with US Ecology, Wyatte Copeland of Pyramid arrived on site at approximately 
8:00 am on December 5, 2022.  US Ecology provided the excavation equipment to remove Jet‐A 
contaminated soil and a roll‐off container to transport the soil to an approved soil treatment 
and disposal facility.   

Pyramid arranged with RedLab to provide Ultraviolet Fluorescence (UVF) analytical laboratory 
services for the soil analyses needed for the spill site. The UVF method is approved by the North 
Carolina Department of Environmental Quality (NCDEQ).  

2.0 Spill Cleanup, Excavation, & Sampling 
Over the course of four days, beginning the morning of December 5, 2022, and ending the 
afternoon of December 9, 2022, US Ecology and Pyramid coordinated to excavate the Jet‐A 
contaminated soil.  The contaminated soil in the spill area was excavated, loaded, and 
transported to the AES disposal facility in Thomasville, NC.  Selected photos taken during the 
spill cleanup activities are included in Attachment B.  The following tasks were performed 
before and during the excavation of contaminated soil: 

 Prior to the start of work, an emergency locate was called for by US Ecology.  No known 
subsurface utilities were marked within the spill/excavation area. 

 Prior to starting the soil excavation on December 5, 2022, Pyramid personnel screened 
the surface soils in the accident area and identified the soils affected by the fuel spill to 
determine the extent of the Jet‐A fuel impact. Pyramid’s standard procedures are 
presented in Attachment C. Pyramid personnel collected soil samples for field screening 
using a calibrated Photoionization Detector (PID) as the excavation proceeded. The field 
screening was used to guide the excavation width, length, and depth. 

 The soil samples were analyzed with Ultraviolet Fluorescence (UVF) by Red Lab 
analytical services in Wilmington, North Carolina.   

 To protect the structural integrity of the road, contaminated soil was excavated to the 
safe limits technically feasible for the site conditions.  

 From December 5 to December 9, 2022, a combined 52.88 tons of Jet‐A contaminated 
soil and debris from the spill area were excavated and loaded into roll‐offs. The soil was 
transported to the AES disposal facility in Thomasville, NC for proper treatment and 
disposal. Pyramid also filled out a soil profile for AES for the soil disposal. The table 
below outlines the soil removal and disposal for each of the roll‐offs taken. Copies of the 
non‐hazardous waste manifests, certified weight tickets, and the AES certificate of 
disposal are included in Attachment E.   

US Ecology – Helicopter Jet‐A Fuel Spill Cleanup on I‐77 South in Charlotte, NC page 3 
Pyramid Environmental Project # 2022‐357  December 14, 2022 

Table 1 – Roll‐off Soil Disposal 
Sampling 
Date 
Sample ID Sample PID 
Reading 
Weight 
12/05/2022 Disposal 1 1,470 ppm 10.91 Tons 
12/06/2022 Disposal 2 1,320 ppm 9.89 Tons 
12/07/2022 Disposal 3 1.400 ppm 10.65 Tons 
12/08/2022 Disposal 4 1,090 ppm 13.77 Tons 
12/12/2022 Debris (NS) N/A 7.66 Tons 
*NS = Not Sampled 

 After completion of the contaminated soil excavation, soil samples were collected from 
the limits of the excavation and screened with the PID.  The soil sample PID screening 
results for the post‐excavation soil samples are included in Table 2 below.   

 The post‐excavation soil samples were collected from the center and sidewalls of the 
excavation area.  The names and locations of post‐excavation soil samples are shown in 
Figure 3 in Attachment A.  The following table presents a summary of the GRO and DRO 
soil sample analytical results. 

Table 2 –Soil Sampling Analytical Results 
Sampling 
Date 
Sample 
ID 
Sample Depth 
(below surface) 
Sample 
PID Reading 
GRO 
[mg/kg] 
DRO 
[mg/kg] 
12/05/2022 Disposal 1  6 ‐ 12 in. 1,470 ppm 9.5 6.8 
12/05/2022 Center 1 4.5 ft. 2.9 ppm <0.62 <0.62 
12/06/2022 Disposal 2 6 ft. 1,320 ppm 50.6 19.7 
12/07/2022 Disposal 3 6‐7 ft. 1,400 ppm 81 19.4 
12/07/2022 SW 3 ft. 0.2 ppm <0.57 9.5 
12/07/2022 BW 4.5 ft. 3.3 ppm <0.6 4.6 
12/07/2022 BE 4.5 ft. 0.8 ppm <0.57 2.8 
12/08/2022 Disposal 4 7.5 ft. 1,090 ppm 11.9 30.1 
12/08/2022 Center 2  9.5 ft 6.6 ppm <0.59 17.5 
12/08/2022 FW 9 ft. 6.2 ppm <0.56 0.56 
12/08/2022 FE 9 ft. 8.5 ppm <0.3 <0.3 
12/08/2022 NW 9 ft. 3.4 ppm <0.58 <0.58 
NCDEQ Cleanup Levels [mg/kg] 50 100 
 * ppm  =  parts per million    * mg/kg = milligrams per kilogram 

US Ecology – Helicopter Jet‐A Fuel Spill Cleanup on I‐77 South in Charlotte, NC page 4 
Pyramid Environmental Project # 2022‐357  December 14, 2022 

 The excavation process was guided by PID readings, which consistently registered at 
greater than 1,000 ppm at depths greater than 6 feet. The excavation encountered a 
mixture of soil, gravel, concrete, signposts, cables, PVC, rebar, and other rubble in the 
excavation. This material was buried in the ditch during road construction and (coupled 
with rain events) allowed the Jet‐A fuel to migrate deeper into the soil profile.  

 After completing contaminated soil removal and sampling on December 8, 2022, the US 
Ecology backfilled the main excavation area using clean soil and covered with seed and 
straw.   

 Pyramid prepared the Notification of Discharge Documentation (UST‐62 Form with 
drawings and driving directions) for the spill cleanup and emailed it to Ms. Kelly Phillips 
of the NCDEQ Mooresville Regional office (MRO). The UST‐62 form, and associated 
documentation is included in Attachment F. 

 Disposal/pre‐excavation soil samples Disposals 1, 2, 3, & 4 all displayed > 1,000 ppm on 
the PID, and samples were collected from the contaminated areas within the spill. 
Analytical results for Disposal 2 and 3 detected particularly high concentrations of 
gasoline range organics (GRO) ranging from 50.6 to 81 milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg) 
respectively. The concentration of diesel range organics (DRO) ranged from 6.8 to 30.1.  
A copy of the laboratory report and associated chain‐of‐custody form is included in 
Attachment D. The North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality (NCDEQ) initial 
cleanup action levels are 50 mg/kg for GRO and 100 mg/kg for DRO.  The laboratory 
analyses of the contaminated soil were over the soil cleanup standards for GRO, but not 
DRO.  

 The laboratory results of the post‐excavation soil samples detected DRO concentrations 
below the NCDEQ Action Level for DRO of 100 mg/kg.  DRO concentrations ranged from 
<0.3 mg/kg to 17.5 mg/kg for post‐excavation soil samples. A copy of the laboratory 
report and associated chain‐of‐custody form are included in Attachment D. 

 Laboratory results for the post‐excavation GRO concentrations ranged from <0.3 to 
<0.62 mg/kg, which were below the NCDEQ Action Level for GRO of 50 mg/kg. A copy of 
the laboratory report and chain‐of‐custody form are included in Attachment D.  

Attachment A
TITLEPROJECTDATEPYRAMIDPROJECT #:CLIENTFIGURE 1US Ecology - Helicopter Jet A Fuel Spill I-77 South Between Tyvola Rd & Nations Ford RdCharlotte, Mecklenburg County, NC12/12/20222022-357503 INDUSTRIAL AVENUEGREENSBORO, NC 27460(336) 335-3174 (p) [phone] (f)License # C1251 Eng. / License # C257 GeologyUS Ecology
TITLEPROJECTDATEPYRAMIDPROJECT #:CLIENTFIGURE 212/12/20222022-357503 INDUSTRIAL AVENUEGREENSBORO, NC 27460(336) 335-3174 (p) [phone] (f)License # C1251 Eng. / License # C257 GeologyUS Ecology - Helicopter Jet A Fuel Spill I-77 South Between Tyvola Rd & Nations Ford RdCharlotte, Mecklenburg County, NCUS Ecology
TITLEPROJECTDATEPYRAMIDPROJECT #:CLIENTFIGURE 312/12/20222022-357503 INDUSTRIAL AVENUEGREENSBORO, NC 27460(336) 335-3174 (p) [phone] (f)License # C1251 Eng. / License # C257 GeologyUS Ecology - Helicopter Jet A Fuel Spill I-77 South Between Tyvola Rd & Nations Ford RdCharlotte, Mecklenburg County, NCUS Ecology

Attachment B

Attachment C
Standard Field Procedures: Revision 10.6 Page 1
Pyramid Environmental & Engineering, P.C. Revision date 01-06-2020
Standard Field Procedures
Pyramid Environmental & Engineering, P.C.
________________________________________________________________________

1.0 Equipment Decontamination

Equipment decontamination is essential to assure representative environmental samples
are collected and to eliminate the potential for cross-contamination between sample points.
Pyramid strives to clean all field equipment prior to leaving the office; however, field
decontamination is still required on most projects. The procedures for decontamination of
water level probes, hand augers, sampling probes, trowels, and other field equipment are
listed below.

1.1 EPA Region IV Decontamination Procedures
Drilling and soil sampling equipment is decontaminated prior to each use using a pressure
washer or steam cleaner. Reusable sampling equipment (hand augers, sampling probes,
trowels, split spoon samplers, water sampling equipment, etc.…) are decontaminated using
the general procedure described below. • Wash with non-phosphate detergent, water, & brush to remove particulate matter
• Rinse with tap water
• Rinse with 10 percent nitric acid solution (only if sampling for metals)
• Rinse with de-ionized water
• Rinse with pesticide-grade isopropyl alcohol
• Rinse with de-ionized water
• Air-dry as long as possible
The level of decontamination used is appropriate to the analytical parameters selected and
the material of the sampling device being used for sampling. For example, if metals analyses
are required, then the 10 % nitric acid solution is used for decontamination of stainless-steel
equipment. Pyramid uses de-ionized or distilled water for decontamination. Equipment that
is not used immediately after decontamination is wrapped in aluminum foil prior to storage.

2.0 Soil Borings & Sampling
2.1 Soil Borings
Soil borings are used by Pyramid to investigate and characterize the subsurface at sites.
Soil borings provide information concerning soil types and density, depth to refusal, depth
to bedrock, organic vapors that may be present, and can be used to obtain samples for
laboratory analysis.
Standard Field Procedures: Revision 10.6 Page 2
Pyramid Environmental & Engineering, P.C. Revision date 01-06-2020
Pyramid conducts borings in several different ways, using hand augers, direct-push
equipment (Geoprobe), sample probes, split-spoon samplers (ASTM D 1586-84), auger
drilling, air drilling, and Vibro-Core. The following procedures are used by Pyramid
Environmental when performing soil borings:
1. Soil boring locations are chosen, and the ULOCO utility locating service is called to
mark all public utilities. Pyramid locates private utilities at many project sites using
Pyramid locating equipment, or uses a private utility locating service.

2. Down hole drilling equipment is cleaned prior to use and between borings using
pressure washing or steam cleaning. Additional decontamination procedures in
Section 1.1 are used for sampling tools such as split spoons or direct-push points.

3. Soil borings are advanced using direct-push, drilling rigs, hand augers, or other
appropriate means. Near-surface soil samples may also be collected using stainless
steel push probes, shovels, scoops, or other sampling devices.

4. Soil samples are normally collected at a minimum of 5-foot intervals. Each sample is
divided into two parts. Soil samples for laboratory analyses are jarred from the initial
sample volume. The remaining soil is stored in a sealed container for headspace
analysis and geological description.

5. After screening the soil with the field instruments, each soil sample is described by
the field geologist and a geologic description is recorded in project documentation.

6. Soils are typically described in the field by the project geologist or soil scientist and
are classified according to the Unified Soil Classification System (ASTM D 2488-84).

7. Soil samples selected for laboratory analysis are placed in properly prepared,
laboratory supplied containers and immediately packed in a cooler on ice. Sample
custody is maintained using standard chain-of-custody (COC) procedures through
delivery to the analytical laboratory.

8. Soil borings, which are not completed as monitoring wells, are grouted using a
Portland cement, bentonite, or backfilled with soil cuttings.

9. Soil cuttings are generally spread near the soil boring or monitoring well location as
directed by State regulatory managers. Drill cuttings are drummed (containerized)
where site conditions or regulatory requirements prohibit spreading cuttings, and
are disposed off-site (after waste determination is made).

Standard Field Procedures: Revision 10.6 Page 3
Pyramid Environmental & Engineering, P.C. Revision date 01-06-2020
2.2 Soil Headspace Screening
Soil samples are routinely screened for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) which may be an
indication of organic or petroleum hydrocarbon contamination. The typical screening
procedure includes immediately transferring the soil from the sampling devices to a sealed
container (sealed 1-gallon Ziplock plastic bag). The soil container is filled approximately
halfway with soil and sealed. This creates headspace above the soil in which VOCs may
accumulate. The container is allowed to stand for 5 to 15 minutes for the VOCs to equilibrate
in the headspace of the container. The headspace of the container is then screened using a
calibrated organic vapor analyzer (PID or FID). The screening is conducted by cracking the
seal only enough to allow insertion of the probe into the headspace so as not to dilute the
sample. In most cases where the contaminant of concern includes volatile organics, the
highest or “Peak“ field-screening result is documented for each sample. The soil samples
showing the highest reading from each boring are typically selected for laboratory analysis.

2.3 Soil Sample Collection for Laboratory Analysis
After the targeted depth has been reached, soil samples are collected using a variety of
sampling devices. Soil sample devices used include split-spoons, stainless-steel hand augers,
stainless-steel push-probes and sampling scoops, and directly from the center of the
excavator bucket. The sample technician uses disposable nitrile gloves, which are changed
between samples to avoid cross-contamination of samples, and each sampling device is
decontaminated prior to use.

Only laboratory provided containers are used for sample collection. Samples are collected
in accordance with the preservation methods required by the requested analytical method.
Samples are handled as little as possible and preserved in the field as specified for the
analytical method. The samples are stored and transported to the laboratory in an insulated
cooler chilled to approximately 4 degrees centigrade. The samples are labeled with a
minimum of the following information: Pyramid, project name or number, sample
identification, date collected, sampler name, and analysis requested. Sample custody is
maintained using standard chain-of-custody procedures through delivery to the analytical
laboratory. Notes of the sampling events are recorded in project documentation.
Incremental sampling methodology (ISM) is a structured composite sampling and
processing protocol that reduces data variability and provides a reasonably unbiased
estimate of mean contaminant concentrations in a volume of soil targeted for sampling.
ISM provides representative samples of specific soil volumes defined as decision units
(DUs) by collecting numerous increments of soil (typically 30–100 increments) that are
combined, processed, and subsampled according to specific protocols. ISM Sampling will
be further explained in a site-specific Work Plan documents.
Pyramid will contract an on-site laboratory for immediate analyses as needed.
Standard Field Procedures: Revision 10.6 Page 4
Pyramid Environmental & Engineering, P.C. Revision date 01-06-2020
2.4 Sediment Sample Collection for Laboratory Analysis
Near surface sediment may be present in a surface water ditch, stream, or dry intermittent
stream bed. Sediment samples are typically soil related samples and may be collected with
a variety of sampling tools. Pyramid will use stainless-steel samplers which have been
decontaminated according to the procedure detailed in section 1.1 of this document. After
the sediment samples are collected, the location, depth, conditions, and sample
composition are documented in the project records. The samples will be screened in the
field to detect volatile organic vapors and visually examined for contamination. Sediment
samples will be preserved in laboratory prepared containers in accordance with sample
preservation recommendation of the analytical laboratory. Samples are handled as little as
possible and preserved in the field as specified for the analytical method. The samples are
stored and transported in an insulated cooler chilled to approximately 4 degrees centigrade.
The samples are labeled with a minimum of the following information: Pyramid, project
name or number, sample identification, date collected, sampler name, and analysis
requested. Sample custody is maintained using standard chain-of-custody procedures
through delivery to the analytical laboratory. Documentation of the sampling events are
recorded in the project documentation.

3.0 Direct-Push Sampling Procedures

Direct-push sampling techniques have been used at many sites to collect soil and
groundwater samples rapidly and inexpensively. Track-mounted, direct-push rigs can access
hard to reach areas and allow borings and monitoring wells to be installed. For soil sampling,
typically, the direct-push steel drive tube is decontaminated using a pressure washer, and a
new plastic sample liner is inserted in the steel drive tube to collect soil samples. The soil
samples are collected in new polyethylene sample tubes within the steel drive tube. The soil
samples are then extracted from the polyethylene liner and preserved as required for
laboratory analysis.

For groundwater sampling, a steel probe with a retractable screen section and tubing are
driven to depth and the screened section is opened to allow groundwater to enter the
tubing. The water samples are withdrawn using new polyethylene and Teflon® tubing with
either a decontaminated stainless-steel check ball, or peristaltic pump. The groundwater
sample is placed directly into the appropriate laboratory containers and sealed immediately.
To prevent cross-contamination of samples, new disposable tubing is used for each
groundwater sample point. Disposable nitrile gloves are worn by field personnel during
development and groundwater sampling, and gloves are changed between samples.
Groundwater sampling procedures are detailed more in Section 5.0, as appropriate for each
analytical method.

Standard Field Procedures: Revision 10.6 Page 5
Pyramid Environmental & Engineering, P.C. Revision date 01-06-2020
4.0 Monitoring Well Installation

Groundwater monitoring wells are installed in many subsurface environments; Coastal
Plain, sedimentary, Piedmont saprolite, weathered rock formations, and mountain terrains
to list a few. Formations encountered include unconsolidated and consolidated sediments,
fill material, organic soils, saprolitic soils, weathered rock formations, and bedrock.
Groundwater monitoring wells provide a stable sampling point at discrete intervals within
the confined or unconfined aquifers. Monitoring wells are installed for a number of reasons,
and are typically installed as 1-inch, 2-inch, 4-inch, or 6-inch diameter wells. Construction
may be of PVC, stainless-steel, HDPE, or other appropriate materials. The following
procedures are used by Pyramid when performing borings and monitoring well installations. • If required, monitoring well permits are obtained from the State, County, or City.
• Boring and monitoring well locations are chosen, and utilities are marked by the
public utility locating company. As needed, the locations may be scanned for utilities
by Pyramid using our locating equipment, or a private utility locating company.
• In selecting a drill site, care is taken to avoid overhead power lines, and subsurface
utilities whenever possible.
• Down-hole drilling equipment is decontaminated prior to use and between borings.
• Borings are advanced using direct-push, drilling rigs, hand augers, solid-stem augers,
hollow-stem augers, air rotary drilling, or air hammer drilling.
• Soil samples are normally collected at a minimum of 5-foot intervals. Each sample is
divided into two parts. Soil samples for laboratory analyses are jarred from the initial
sample volume. The remaining soil is stored in a sealed container for headspace
analysis with an organic vapor analyzer (PID or FID).
• After screening the soil with the field instruments, each soil sample is described by
the field geologist and a geologic description is recorded in the project
documentation.

Type II monitoring wells are usually installed using 2-inch diameter schedule 40 PVC riser
and 2-inch, 0.010-inch machine slotted well screen. The screened interval length varies with
the geologic site conditions, expected variations in water level, and the investigation goals
for the well. The well construction details are presented on the boring log.

Type III wells are usually installed as double-cased wells to monitor the deeper portions of
the aquifer. The first casing is usually a 5 to 6-inch diameter solid PVC well casing drilled to
bedrock or an appropriate depth within the surficial zone. The 5 to 6-inch diameter casing
is then set and grouted in the borehole. After the cement grout has set for 12 to 24-hours,
the borehole is completed to the desired depth using air rotary drilling or air hammer
drilling. The inside casing of the Type III monitoring well is usually constructed of 2-inch
diameter SCH 40 PVC casing and 2-inch diameter SCH 40 PVC 0.010-inch slotted well screen.

Standard Field Procedures: Revision 10.6 Page 6
Pyramid Environmental & Engineering, P.C. Revision date 01-06-2020
In most applications, a sand filter pack of #2 well sand (or appropriately sized well sand).
Sand is typically installed to a level of 2 feet above the top of the screen in each well.
A minimum 2-foot thick bentonite seal is usually placed on top of the filter pack and
hydrated with de-ionized or distilled water. The remaining annular space of a typical well is
backfilled to grade with a Portland cement/bentonite grout. In monitoring wells where the
water table is close to surface, the amount of sand above the screen and bentonite will be
reduced to allow for a minimum of 2–3 feet of cement grout in the well bore.

At the surface, each well is secured with a locking cap and a steel well protector. Depending
on the surface conditions, the well may be protected by a flush-mounted manhole set in the
surrounding surface in a concrete pad. In some cases, stick-up well protectors are used to
secure the well and allow the well to be more easily located in wooded or open areas.

Each groundwater monitoring well is developed by surging, pumping, or bailing to remove
sediment before sampling. Water removed during development is managed according to
individual State regulatory guidance.

5.0 Water Sampling Procedures

Pyramid relies on water sampling as a primary method for assessment of subsurface
groundwater conditions. Water sampling typically includes sampling groundwater from
monitoring wells, water supply wells, surface water bodies, stormwater, waste sumps, etc.
The following provides typical sampling procedures for the water samples.

5.1 Monitoring Wells
Prior to sampling each monitoring well, depth to liquid and/or liquids and total well depth
are measured using a properly decontaminated electric interface probe. If phase-separated
petroleum product is detected in a well, the product measurements are recorded along with
the water level in each well. This information is recorded in the field record and the volume
of the water in the well casing is calculated. To purge stagnant water from each monitoring
well, three to five well casing volumes of water are removed from each well prior to
sampling. Alternately, for low-flow sampling, development continues until the field
parameters (pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, ORP, and temperature) have stabilized.
If the water in the monitoring well is removed until the well is dry, then the well is sampled
thereafter. Water removed from wells during purging is managed in accordance with
individual State regulatory guidance.

Groundwater samples are typically collected using a new disposable polyethylene bailer and
a new length of nylon cord. To prevent cross-contamination of samples between wells, a
new disposable bailer is used for each well. The bailer is lowered into the groundwater
Standard Field Procedures: Revision 10.6 Page 7
Pyramid Environmental & Engineering, P.C. Revision date 01-06-2020
slowly and removed slowly. A new pair of disposable gloves is worn by field personnel
during purging and sampling, and is changed between wells. In the case of small diameter
monitoring wells or direct-push water samples, water samples may be collected using a
peristaltic pump and new polyethylene tubing. Another method is to use a segment of new
sampling tubing and a stainless-steel check ball to create a “Tube Bailer”.
Groundwater samples selected for laboratory analysis are immediately placed in properly
prepared, laboratory supplied containers and preserved in a cooler on ice. Samples are
maintained under standard chain-of-custody procedures from sample collection through
laboratory analysis.

5.2 Water Supply Well Sampling
Prior to sampling each water supply well, the well owner is contacted to provide access to
the well. The well owner is interviewed to locate the faucet closest to the well for sampling.
If there are no faucets located on the well, then water from an outside faucet at the building
is usually sampled. If there are no outside faucets available, then the water samples are
collected from an inside faucet. The location of the sample is recorded in the field record.
The owner is interviewed to see if there is a chlorination system on the well, or if the well
has been recently chlorinated. Recent chlorination could affect the laboratory detection
limits. In most cases, the samples are preserved using sodium thiosulfate or ascorbic acid to
remove the interactions of chlorine, which may be present in the samples.
If the well is treated with a Point-of-Entry (POE) treatment system, then the “raw” water
sample must be collected before the treatment system. An associated treated water sample
is usually collected as well to demonstrate effective treatment.
To purge stagnant water from the water supply well system, the faucet is allowed to run on
full stream for a minimum of 15 minutes. The aerator is removed from the tap if one is
present. Water removed from wells during purging is managed according to regulatory
standards.
Water supply well samples are collected using appropriate laboratory prepared containers
for each analysis. The analytical methods selected will vary with the contaminant of
interest. To prevent cross-contamination of samples between wells, disposable nitrile gloves
are worn by field personnel during purging and sampling and are changed between wells. It
is possible that samples may be required at several places within the water supply system.
The samples are collected accordingly and labeled to show the source and location sampled.
Supply well samples selected for laboratory analysis are immediately placed in properly
prepared, laboratory supplied containers and packed in a cooler on ice, and chilled to
approximately 4 degrees Celsius. Samples are maintained under standard chain-of-custody
procedures from sample collection through laboratory analysis.

Standard Field Procedures: Revision 10.6 Page 8
Pyramid Environmental & Engineering, P.C. Revision date 01-06-2020
5.3 Surface Water Sampling
Surface water samples are obtained using several techniques including use of sample
bailers, discrete depth interval samples, sample scoops, from boats, bridges, or wading into
a stream. Caution should always be used when sampling surface water to ensure that the
water collected is representative of the site conditions. Since stream or open water sampling
is transient, careful documentation of the site conditions, weather, surface conditions,
sediment, algal or biological material, etc. is required.

In many studies, additional samples from upstream and downstream of the desired sample
point are required. Surface water sampling must be planned to reflect the site-specific
conditions during sampling. The general procedures are similar to the supply well sampling
procedures detailed above. Appropriate laboratory prepared containers are used for each
analysis. The analytical methods selected will vary with the contaminant of interest.

To prevent cross-contamination of samples between samples, disposable nitrile gloves are
worn by field personnel during purging and sampling and are changed between samples. It
is possible that samples may be required at several places along the stream to check for
influences of up-stream facilities. Samples will be collected accordingly and labeled to show
the source and location sampled. Sample will always be collected upstream of the area
disturbed by the person sampling the stream. Surface water samples selected for laboratory
analysis are placed in properly prepared, laboratory supplied containers and immediately
packed in a cooler on ice. Samples are maintained under strict control using standard chain-
of-custody procedures through laboratory analysis.

6.0 Quality Assurance / Quality Control

The field and laboratory procedures listed above have been implemented on many sites
with excellent results. The procedures are often verified by an appropriate use of the
following environmental samples.

Trip Blanks ( or Travel blanks)
The Trip Blank (or travel blanks) are often used to verify that the environmental samples are
not impacted during shipping, and verify that the source of the glassware is not the source
of contamination. The trip blanks are preserved de-ionized water, collected in the
laboratory, and shipped with the sample containers to Pyramid or the site. The trip blank
remains in the sample cooler and is shipped back to the laboratory with the environmental
samples. The trip blank is most commonly analyzed for volatile organic compounds (VOCs),
and correspond to the target analyses.

Standard Field Procedures: Revision 10.6 Page 9
Pyramid Environmental & Engineering, P.C. Revision date 01-06-2020
Field Blanks
Field Blanks are quality assurance samples which are collected in the field to represent the
conditions present at the time the samples are collected. For water samples, the laboratory
containers are opened and filled in the field using de-ionized (or distilled) water from a
known source. The samples reflect any site conditions such as vapor sources which may
affect the water samples. The samples then travel to the laboratory with the other samples
for analysis. Comparison of the field blank results with the sample results may indicate a
pervasive site constituent detected in the samples.

Equipment Blanks
Equipment Blanks are used to verify whether the decontamination procedures used for the
sample equipment (or the new equipment) may have added any contaminants to the
sample during collection. If a non-disposable sampling device is used (such as a sampling
treir, scoop, hand auger, Teflon bailer, etc.…), then the decontamination of the sampling
device is usually verified using an equipment blank. The equipment blank is collected using
de-ionized (or distilled) water from a known source. The equipment is decontaminated,
allowed to air dry, the water is poured over (or through) the equipment, and a sample is
collected in the appropriate sample containers. The equipment blank samples are preserved
with the other environmental samples, and shipped for analyses for the target parameters.

Duplicate Samples
Duplicate Samples are used to verify the sampling procedures and evaluate laboratory
analysis variability. The duplicate samples may be collected from soil, sediment, air, surface
water, wastes, or groundwater. These samples are collected and sent to the laboratory as
blind samples to have maximum effectiveness. Duplicate samples are generally analyzed for
the same analytical methods as the actual environmental sample for direct comparison.
Duplicate samples may also be split between two different laboratories to provide
verification of laboratory detection limits or quality process verification.

Background Samples
Background Samples are a tool for comparison of general site conditions with source area
site conditions. Background samples may be soil, sediment, air, surface water, waste, or
groundwater. The goal is to reflect conditions outside the expected area of contamination.
These samples are collected outside the expected area of contamination and sent to the
laboratory for analyses. Background samples are generally analyzed for the same analytical
methods as the source area environmental samples for direct comparison. Background
samples for metals comparison are common types of background samples used in
environmental investigations.

Attachment D
Hydrocarbon Analysis Results
Client:PYRAMID ENVIRONMENTAL Samples taken Monday, December 5, 2022
Address:503 INDUSTRIAL AVE Samples extracted Monday, December 5, 2022
GREENSBORO, NC 27406 Samples analysed Friday, December 9, 2022
Contact:WYATTE COPELAND Operator CLAIRE NAKAMURA
Project:US ECOLOGY JETA SPILL (2022-357)
3 U04049
Matrix Sample ID Dilution
used
BTEX
(C6 - C9)
GRO
(C5 - C10)
DRO
(C10 - C35)
TPH
(C5 - C35)
Total
Aromatics
(C10-C35)
16 EPA
PAHs BaP HC Fingerprint Match
% light % mid %
heavy
s DISPOSAL 1 21.8 <0.55 9.5 6.8 16.3 3.5 <0.17 <0.022 74.8 18.3 6.9 Deg.PHC 89.3%,(FCM),(BO)
s CENTER 1 24.8 <0.62 <0.62 <0.62 <0.62 <0.12 <0.2 <0.025 0 52.1 47.9 Residual HC,(BO),(P)
s DISPOSAL 2 23.9 50.6 50.6 19.7 70.3 8.7 0.44 <0.024 87.9 9.5 2.5 Deg.PHC 82%,(FCM),(P)
Initial Calibrator QC check OK Final FCM QC Check OK 102.5 %
Results generated by a QED HC-1 analyser. Concentration values in mg/kg for soil samples and mg/L for water samples. Soil values are not corrected for moisture or stone content
Fingerprints provide a tentative hydrocarbon identification. The abbreviations are:- FCM = Results calculated using Fundamental Calibration Mode : % = confidence for sample fingerprint match to library
(SBS) or (LBS) = Site Specific or Library Background Subtraction applied to result : (PFM) = Poor Fingerprint Match : (T) = Turbid : (P) = Particulate present
Ratios
Hydrocarbon Analysis Results
Client:PYRMAID Samples taken 12/7/22 & 12/8/22
Address:503 INDUSTRIAL AVE Samples extracted 12/7/22 & 12/8/22
GREENSBORO, NC Samples analysed Monday, December 12, 2022
Contact:WYATTE COPELAND Operator TORI KELLY
Project:US ECOLOGY JETA SPILL (2022-357)
33 U04049
Matrix Sample ID Dilution
used
BTEX
(C6 - C9)
GRO
(C5 - C10)
DRO
(C10 - C35)
TPH
(C5 - C35)
Total
Aromatics
(C10-C35)
16 EPA
PAHs BaP HC Fingerprint Match
% light % mid %
heavy
s BW 23.9 <0.6 <0.6 4.6 4.6 2 <0.19 <0.024 0 79.9 20.1 Road Tar 80.8%,(FCM)
s BE 22.6 <0.57 <0.57 2.8 2.8 1.4 <0.18 <0.023 0 82.6 17.4 Road Tar 94.3%,(FCM)
s SW 22.6 <0.57 <0.57 9.5 9.5 4.6 0.23 <0.023 0 74 26 Deg.PHC 73.8%,(FCM)
s DISPOSAL 3 26.8 81 81 19.4 100.4 9.3 1 <0.027 91.1 7.5 1.4 Road Tar 95.9%,(FCM)
s DISPOSAL 4 20.6 <0.52 11.9 30.1 42 24.3 1.3 <0.021 39.4 54.5 6.1 Deg Fuel 91%,(FCM)
s FE 12.2 <0.3 <0.3 <0.3 <0.3 <0.06 <0.1 <0.012 0 100 0 ,(FCM)
s FW 22.2 <0.56 <0.56 0.56 0.56 <0.11 <0.18 <0.022 0 67.4 32.6 Deg Fuel 35.3%,(FCM)
s NW 23.2 <0.58 <0.58 <0.58 <0.58 <0.12 <0.19 <0.023 0 0 0 PHC not detected
s CENTER 2 23.6 <0.59 <0.59 17.5 17.5 12.3 0.66 <0.024 0 89.7 10.3 Deg Fuel 81.6%,(FCM)
Initial Calibrator QC check OK Final FCM QC Check OK 92 %
Results generated by a QED HC-1 analyser. Concentration values in mg/kg for soil samples and mg/L for water samples. Soil values are not corrected for moisture or stone content
Fingerprints provide a tentative hydrocarbon identification. The abbreviations are:- FCM = Results calculated using Fundamental Calibration Mode : % = confidence for sample fingerprint match to library
(SBS) or (LBS) = Site Specific or Library Background Subtraction applied to result : (PFM) = Poor Fingerprint Match : (T) = Turbid : (P) = Particulate present
Ratios

Attachment E

Attachment F

UST-62 24-Hour Notification of Discharge Form
For Non-UST
Releases of
Petroleum in NC
This form should be completed and submitted to the UST Section’s regional office following a known or suspected release of
petroleum from a source other than an underground storage tank. This form is required to be submitted within 24 hours of
discovery of a known or suspected petroleum release
(DWM USE ONLY)
Incident # ___________ Priority Rank (H,I,L,U) _____
Received (time/date) ___________________________
Received by ________________ Region __________
Reported by (circle one): Phone, Fax or Report

Suspected Contamination? (Y/N) ___
Confirmed GW Contamination? (Y/N) ___
Confirmed Soil Contamination ?(Y/N) ___
Samples taken?(Y/N) ___ Free product? (Y/N) ___
If Yes(free product), state greatest thickness: _____feet

Release discovered
(time/date):______________
_______________________
INCIDENT DESCRIPTION
Incident Name:
Address (street number/name): County:
City/Town: Zip Code: Regional Office (circle one): Asheville, Mooresville, Fayetteville,
Raleigh, Washington, Wilmington, Winston-Salem
Latitude (decimal degrees): Longitude (decimal degrees) : Obtained by:
Describe suspected or confirmed release (nature of release, time/date of release, quantity of release, amount of free
product): T GPS
T Electronic topographic map
T GIS Address matching
Describe initial response/abatement (time/date release stopped, cleanup begun/completed, quantity of product
soil removed, confirmation sampling): T Other
T Unknown
Describe impacted receptors: Describe location:

HOW RELEASE WAS DISCOVERED (Release Code)
(Check one)
T Observation of Release at Occurrence
T Visual or Olfactory Evidence
T Soil Contamination
T Groundwater Contamination
T Water Supply Well Contamination
T Surface Water Contamination
T Other (specify) _______________

SOURCE OF CONTAMINATION
Source of Release
(Check one to indicate primary
source)
Cause of Release
(Check one to indicate primary
cause)
Type of Release
(Check one) Product Type Released
(Check one to indicate primary petroleum product
type released)

T AST (tank)
T AST Piping/ Dispenser
T AST Delivery Problem
T OTR Vehicle Tank
T OTR Bulk Transport Tank
T RR Bulk Transport Tank
T Transformer
T Unknown
T Other ______________

Definitions presented on reverse

T Spill (Accidental)
T Spill (Intentional)
T Corrosion
T Physical or Mechanical
Damage
T Equipment Failure
T AST Overfill
T AST Installation Problem
T Unknown
T Other ______________
Definitions presented on reverse

T Petroleum
T Both Petroleum
& Non-Petroleum

Location
(Check one)

T Facility
T Residence
T Highway/Road
T Railway
T Other

T Gasoline/ Diesel/
Kerosene
T E11 – E20
T E21 – E84
T E85 – E99
T Ethanol 100%

T Diesel/Veg. Oil
Blend
T Vegetable Oil 100%
T Heating Oil
T Waste Oil
T Mineral Oil-no
PCBs
T Mineral Oil-PCBs
T Other Petroleum
Products ________

Ownership
1. Municipal 2. Military 3. Unknown 4. Private 5. Federal 6. County 7. State

Operation Type
1. Public Service 2. Agricultural 3. Residential 4. Education/Relig. 5. Industrial 6. Commercial 7. Mining
Guidance presented on reverse
UST Form 62 (04/10) Page 1 of 2

IMPACT ON DRINKING WATER SUPPLIES
Water Supply Wells Affected? 1. Yes 2. No 3. Unknown Number of Water Supply Wells Affected ______
List of Water Supply Wells Contaminated: (Include Users Names, Addresses and Phone Numbers. Attach additional sheet if necessary)
1.
2.
3.
PARTY RESPONSIBLE FOR RELEASE
(if the source of the release is not an AST system or if it is an AST system and there is a responsible party other than the AST system owner/ operator)
Name of Person/Company Address
City State Zip Code Telephone Number
AST SYSTEM OWNER (if the source of the release is an AST system)
AST Owner/Company Address
City State Zip Code Telephone Number
AST SYSTEM OPERATOR (if the source of the release is an AST system)
UST Operator/Company Address
City State Zip Code Telephone Number
LANDOWNER AT LOCATION OF INCIDENT
Landowner Address
City State Zip Code Telephone Number
Draw Sketch of Area or Provide Map (showing incident site, location of release, two major road intersections, potential
receptors)
Attach sketch or map to form.
Give Directions to Incident Site Attach directions to form if necessary.
Person Reporting Incident Company Telephone Number
Title Address Date
UST Form 62 (04/10) Page 2 of 2
Definitions of Sources
AST (Tank): means the tank is used to store product
AST Piping: means the piping and connectors running from the tank to the dispenser or other end-use equipment
AST Dispenser: includes the dispenser and the equipment used to connect the dispenser to the piping
AST Delivery Problem: identifies releases that occurred during product delivery to the tank.
OTR Vehicle Tank: means the tank is used to store product to fuel an over the road vehicle
OTR Bulk Transport Tank: means a tank that is used to transport product in bulk over the road (by truck)
RR :bulk Transport Tank: means a tank that is used to transport product in bulk by train
Transformer: means electrical transformer
Other: serves as the option to use when the release source is known but does not fit into one of the preceding categories
Unknown: identifies releases for which the source has not been determined
Definitions of Causes Spill (Accidental): use this cause when a spill occurs accidentally(e.g., when the delivery hose is disconnected from a fill pipe)
Spill (Intentional): use this cause when a spill occurs intentionally (e.g., intentional dumping or breakage)
Corrosion: use when a metal tank, piping, or other component has a release due to corrosion
Physical or Mechanical Damage: use for all types of physical or mechanical damage, except corrosion
Equipment failure: use when a release occurs due to equipment failure other than corrosion or physical or mechanical damage
AST Overfill: use when an overfill occurs (e.g., overfills may occur from the fill pipe at the tank or when the nozzle fails to shut off at the dispenser)
AST Installation Problem: use when the problem is determined to have occurred specifically because the AST system was not installed properly
Other: use this option when the cause is known but does not fit into one of the preceding categories
Unknown: use when the cause has not been determined
Guidance: Ownership and Operator Type Ownership select the category which describes owner of the AST system, bulk transport tank, or other release source
Operator Type select the category which describes the operation in which owner uses the AST system, bulk transport tank, or other release source
TITLEPROJECTDATEPYRAMIDPROJECT #:CLIENTFIGURE 212/12/20222022-357503 INDUSTRIAL AVENUEGREENSBORO, NC 27460(336) 335-3174 (p) [phone] (f)License # C1251 Eng. / License # C257 GeologyUS Ecology - Helicopter Jet A Fuel Spill I-77 South Between Tyvola Rd & Nations Ford RdCharlotte, Mecklenburg County, NCUS Ecology
12/13/22, 11:50 AM 610 East Center Avenue, Mooresville, NC to Yorkmount, Charlotte, NC - Google Maps
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