NCD980602163_20003001_Warren County PCB Landfill_SERB C_Performance Demonstration, Air Monitoring and Final Verification Confirmation Sampling Plans-OCR

WARREN COUNTY
PCB LANDFILL
Performance Demonstration,
Air Monitoring,
and
Final Verification/
Confir,mation Sarmp,ling
Plans
Prepared for:
North Carolina
Department of Enviro,n.ment
and Natural Resources
Division of Waste Management
Era'V'.ire>ram-,rat..-■, ■.,.c_
BF A Environmental Consultants
Barnes, Ferland and Associates, Inc.
MARCH 2000
WAR1R:EN CO'UNTY
PCB LANDFILL
P,ERFORMA1N,C1E
DEMONSTRATION
P.LAN
Prepared for:
1No1rth Carol1ina
Department of Environment
and Natural Resou,rces
Division of Waste Management
- -----==• '-llf E1r11'V'■rc»1r11 __ -,.,.t.;w ■., ■ .. c_
BF A Environmental Consultants
Barnes, Ferland and Associates, Inc.
MARCH 2000
Perfonnance Demonstration Plan Warren County PCB Landfill
1.0
PERFORMANCE DEMONSTRATION PLAN
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
2.0 DESCRIPTION OF THE BASE-CATALYZED DECOMPOSITION
3.0
4.0
5.0
(BCD) SYSTEM ........................................................................................................ 2
2.1 Contaminated Material Preparation Area ..................................................... 2
2.2 Continuous Solid Phase BCD/Thermal Desorption Unit (CBCD) .............. 3
2.2.1 Upset Conditions for CBCD .............................................................. 4
2.3 Batch Vacuum Solid Phase BCD/
Thermal Desorption Unit (BBCDL .............................................................. 5
2.3.1 Upset Conditions for BBCD .............................................................. 6
2.4 Process Condensate Separation and Aqueous Phase
Treatment System (PCSAPT) ........................................................................ 6
2.5 Liquid Phase BCD Detoxification System .................................................... 8
2.6 Utility Requirements for CBCD, BBCD, PCSAPT, and LBCD ................. 9
PERFORMANCE DEMONSTRATION
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
Material (soil) Treatment Standards ............................................................ 10
Stack Emissions 10 ·········-------··········------------------··········································-----· Process Condensate 11 --------------------------------------------------------------··········--------------·
Process Organics .......................................................................................... 11
PROJECT ORGANIZATION 12
4.1
4.2
Contractor 12 ·····-··········-·--------·····························----------------------------------------------·
Subcontractors 12
WASTE FEED CHARACTERIZATION 13
6.0 STORMWATER/DECONTAMINATION WATER
COLLECTION, STORAGE, AND TREATMENT ............................................... 15
6.1
6.2
Decontamination Water 15 ---------·····································------···········----------------· Stormwater 15
ETG Environmental. Inc./BFA Environmental Consultants -i-Final March 2000
Performance Demonstration Plan Warren County PCB Landfill
7.0
PERFORMANCE DEMONSTRATION PLAN
TABLE OF CONTENTS
(Continued)
PROCESS MONITORING PROCEDURES 16
7.1 Waste Feed Cutoff Systems ........................................................................ 16
8.0 PERFORMANCE DEMONSTRATION TEST SCHEDULE
AND REPORTING 22
8.1
8.2
8.3
Clean Material -CBCD/BBCD ShakeDown 22 ··------------------------------------------··
Contaminated Material -CBCD/BBCD PD Test 22
Liquid BCD Reactor .................................................................................... 24
9.0 PERFORMANCE DEMONSTRATION SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS 26
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
Untreated Feed Material 26 ·····-································································--·-----·
Treated Material 27 ·····--·········-············------------------------·----·-·----·---------···············--
Treated Organics -Liquid Phase BCD System ......................................... 32
Air -Process Monitoring············································································ 32
10.0 INTERIM OPERATIONS
FIGURES
PFD 200
PFD 201
PFD 202
PFD 203
PFD 204
PFD 205
PFD 206
TABLES
Equipment Layout
Material Preparation Process Flow Diagram
CBCD Process Flow Diagram
BBCD Process Flow Diagram
Process Condensate Separation Aqueous Phase Treatment System
Process Flow Diagram
LBCD Process Flow Diagram
Common Systems Process Flow Diagram
7-1 Process Monitoring for CBCD
7-2 Process Monitoring for BBCD
7-3 Process Monitoring for LBCD
7-4 Preliminary List of Waste Feed Cutoff Conditions for CBCD
9-1 Sampling and Analysis for BCD Performance Demonstration
33
ETG Environmental. Inc./BFA Environmental Consultants -ii-Final March 2000
·-·
Perfonnance Demonstration Plan Warren County PCB Landfill
APPENDICES
PERFORMANCE DEMONSTRATION PLAN
TABLE OF CONTENTS
(Continued)
A. Manufacturers CBCD Performance Information (To be provided by Contractor)
B. BBCD Performance Information (To be provided by Contractor)
C. BCD Liquid Detoxification Performance Information (To be provided by
Contractor)
D. State of North Carolina Air Regulations
E. Historical Soil Data
F. BBCD/CBCD Unit Selection Guideline
G. Performance Demonstration Test Report
ETG Environmental, Inc./BFA Environmental Consultants -iii-Final March 2000
Perfonnance Demonstration Plan Warren County PCB Landfill
ASTM
BCD
BBCD
CBCD
EPA
ETG
FTO
FVCSP
H&S
HSO
LBCD
NCDENR
NFPA
PCSAPT
PD
PDP
ppb
ppt
QC
S&ME
Site
SOWP
SVOCs
TAPs
TEQ
thp
TSCA
YRS
WESP
WFC
PERFORMANCE DEMONSTRATION PLAN
TABLE OF CONTENTS
(Continued)
LIST OF ACRONYMS
American Society for Testing and Materials
Base-Catalyzed Decomposition
Batch Vacuum Solid Phase BCD/Thermal Desorption
Continuous Solid Phase BCD/Thermal Desorption
Environmental Protection Agency
ETG Environmental. Inc.
Flameless Thermal Oxidizer
Final Verification/Confirmation Sampling Plan
Health and Safety
Health & Safety Officer
Liquid Phase BCD Detoxification System
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources
National Fire Protection Association
Process Condensate Separation and Aqueous Phase Treatment System
Performance Demonstration
Performance Demonstration Plan
Parts per Billion
Parts per Trillion
Quality Control
Soil & Material Engineers, Inc.
Warren County PCB Landfill
Site Operation Work Plan
Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds
Toxic Air Pollutants
Toxicity Equivalent Concentration
Tons per Hour
Toxic Substance Control Act
Vapor Recovery System
Wet Electrostatic Precipitator
Waste Feed Cutoff
ETG Environmental. lnc./BFA Environmental Consultants -iv-Final March 2000
Performance Demonstration Plan Warren County PCB Landfill
1.0 INTRODUCTION
ETG Environmental, Inc. (ETG) has received a contract from the State of North Carolina to
prepare the Phase III final design report and develop a set of final plans and specifications for
the detoxification of the Warren County PCB Landfill (Site). The North Carolina General
Assembly has passed a bill requiring the utilization of Base-Catalyzed Decomposition (BCD)
technology for detoxification of the landfill. The bill also specifies the detoxification
treatment standard for residual concentrations of contaminants remaining in the soil shall be
200 ppb for PCBs and 200 ppt TEQ for dioxin/furans. Remedial actions at the landfill
consist of detoxification of approximately 60,000 tons of materials (soil, sludge, kiln dust,
etc.) contaminated with PCBs. The detoxified materials will be placed on-site after
analytical testing has confirmed that the material has met the treatment standards established
in the legislation for the project.
The purpose of this Performance Demonstration Plan (PDP) is to establish that the solid and
liquid phase BCD systems. while operating at maximum throughput, will meet material
treatment standards and North Carolina air regulations and to obtain an operating permit
from Toxic Substance Control Act (TSCA). The Contractor will develop a PDP and
submitted for the review and approval of NCDENR, Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA), and other regulating bodies as dictated by NCDENR. This PDP has been developed
to meet the substantive requirements of TSCA, but may not meet all the requirements for a
TSCA permit demonstration plan. This PDP describes monitoring and testing that will be
conducted to verify full-scale system performance.
ETG Environmental, lnc./BF A Environmental Consultants Final March 2000
Performance Demonstration Plan Warren County PCB Landfill • 2.0 DESCRIPTION OF THE BASE-CATALYZED DECOMPOSITION (BCD)
SYSTEM
The PCB landfill detoxification project combines the use of thermal desorption with solid
and liquid phase BCD technology to completely dechlorinate contaminated material. The
BCD detoxification system will include the following major process systems:
1) One continuous solid phase BCD/thermal desorption unit (CBCD),
2) One batch vacuum solid phase BCD/thermal desorption unit (BBCD),
3) Two air pollution control systems or vapor recovery systems (YRS), one each for the
CBCD (CBCD-VRS) and BBCD (BBCD-VRS), and
4) One process condensate separation and aqueous phase treatment system (PCSAPT),
and
5) One liquid phase BCD detoxification system (LBCD).
In addition to the five major BCD process systems listed above. are the following systems:
I) Contaminated material preparation system. This system prepares material to feed into
the CBCD and BBCD system by removing large debris and mixing solid phase BCD
additives into the contaminated soils.
2) Storm water/decontamination water treatment system. There will be requirements for
a separate treatment system to treat storm water run-off from the contaminated areas
of the landfill, as well as decontamination water generated on-site.
The BCD process will· be designed to utilize the treated process condensate to cool and
rehydrate the treated soils. The Site Operation Work Plan (SOWP) will incorporate. to the
extent possible, utilization of the treated storm water/decontamination water for dust control
and for use in the BCD process.
The following sections describe each process system. The CBCD-VRS and BBCD-VRS
descriptions are contained in the sections describing the CBCD and BBCD systems of
equipment. The stormwater/decontamination treatment system is technically not a part of the
BCD system and is described in Section 6 of this PDP.
2.1 Contaminated Material Preparation Area
Drawing PFD-201 depicts the Material Preparation Process Flow. Contaminated materials
from the landfill will be excavated and transported to the material staging area. A certified
scale will be located between the material staging area and the material preparation area to
determine the actual weight of material processed. The material will be screened utilizing a
2-inch by 2-inch screen. The oversize material will be stockpiled for further processing,
which may include, but not be limited to, reprocessing, decontamination and/or disposal.
The handling of oversize debris will be consistent with requirements set forth by TSCA.
ETG Environmental. Inc./BF A Environmental Consultants 2 Final March 2000
Perfonnance Demonstration Plan Warren County PCB Landfill • The screened material will be fed into the hopper of the contaminated material pug mill plant,
and conveyed to a pug mill mixer. The conveyor will be equipped with a magnet to remove
metallic debris, as well as a weigh belt scale to determine the feed rate of material to the pug
mill. Solid phase BCD reagents will be stored in a silo and fed into the pug mill at a set
proportion (2 % to 5% weight/weight) to the quantity of contaminated material being fed to
the pug mill. A radial stacker will stockpile the blended material.
The material preparation system will be designed to process a minimum of 100 tons per hour
of contaminated material.
2.2 Continuous Solid Phase BCDffhermal Desorption Unit (CBCD)
Drawing PFD-202 depicts the CBCD Process Flow. A front-end loader will transport
material from the blended material stockpile that is below 750 ppm PCBs and 15% moisture
content into the hopper of an inclined belt conveyor. A weigh belt scale will measure the
material feed rate into the CBCD. The conveyor will feed the hopper of the CBCD, with the
material in the hopper providing the seal at the feed end of the CBCD. A twin screw feeder
will transport material into the CBCD at a controlled rate.
As material moves continuously through the CBCD, the temperature of the material will
increase by indirect heat. The CBCD is essentially an inner-rotating drum surrounded by a
fixed outer drum. Heated air produced from the combustion of #2 fuel oil (the oil burners are
located external to the CBCD) will be released into the space between the inner and outer
drums. The heat from this air will be transferred into the inner drum, heating the material as
it moves through the CBCD. The heated air (burner exhaust gas) will not contact the waste
material and will be released through stacks located on top of the CBCD. As the
contaminated material travels from the feed end to the discharge end, the desired material
temperature will be reached, resulting in partial chemical dechlorination/detoxification and
physical separation of the contaminants (PCBs and dioxin/furans) from the materials into the
vapor phase. A small portion of the burner exhaust gas, which has a low oxygen level, will
be sent to the feed end of the CBCD and used as sweep gas to remove the
contaminants/organics and water desorbed from the CBCD. The environment within the
CBCD will be maintained as low oxygen (inert) to prevent combustion of organics within the
CBCD. Nitrogen or inert gas will be added to the CBCD inlet and outlet seals to minimize
oxygen intake, assuring the inert environment within the CBCD. The CBCD system is
nominally designed for 15 tons per hour.
The hot, treated material from the CBCD will be transferred to a discharge conveyor and into
a double-shaft paddle mixer where water will be added to cool and rehydrate the treated
material. Steam (from cooling of the material) and carryover particulates will be fed into a
small scrubber, which will remove any particulate carryover and discharges clean air into the
atmosphere. The cooled, hydrated material is discharged to the treated material stockpile
area, utilizing a radial stacker. The treated material will then be sampled and analyzed to
assure that the soil treatment standards are met. Once tested as clean, the materials will be
relocated or backfilled.
ETG Environmental. lnc./BF A Environmental Consultants 3 Final March 2000
Perfonnance Demonstration Plan
iiiiiii'
Warren County PCB Landfill
The CBCD exhaust gases ( consisting of sweep gas, steam, and particulates) will pass through
a hot cyclone to remove larger sized particulates. The removed particulates will be mixed
with the treated materials for cooling and rehydration.
The CBCD exhaust gases will exit the hot cyclone and enter into a direct contact
quencher/scrubber. The quencher/scrubber uses direct contact water to rapidly cool the
exhaust gases to condense steam and contaminants, as well as, to achieve additional
particulate removal. The exhaust gases will then continue into a chilled water scrubber to
achieve additional cooling/condensing and particulate removal, and then pass through a wet
electrostatic precipitator (WESP) for final particulate/mist removal. The gases from the
WESP will be reheated to reduce the relative humidity before entering into a flameless
thermal oxidizer (FTO). An induced draft fan, located downstream of the reheater will be
utilized to pull the gases through the VRS and maintain a slight negative pressure at the
CBCD inlet. The FTO provides final polishing of the gases prior to discharge into the
atmosphere through the process stack. The FTO virtually eliminates any non-condensable
organics and residual organic contaminants that were not removed by the components of the
CBCD-VRS described above. The process stack will be equipped with a continuous process
monitor (CPM) to measure and record total hydrocarbons in the stack gas. The testing of
stack emissions to determine that air treatment standards established for the project are met is
further described in this PDP (Sections 3, 9 and 11 ), as well as the Air Monitoring Plan.
A portion of the quencher/scrubber discharge is recycled to the inlet of the quencher/scrubber
after being cooled through a non-contact plate type heat exchanger. The chilled water
scrubber recycle is cooled utilizing prior to re-entering the scrubber.
2.2.1 Upset Conditions for CBCD
The following are descriptions of bypass systems for the CBCD that are utilized in
the event of upset conditions.
a. The CBCD discharge screw conveyor can discharge material to a roll-off box
to unload the CBCD in the event that the CBCD must be shut do\\'n.
b. An emergency bypass, located upstream of the FTO fan, is provided to
continue system operation in case of FTO upset. In this event, the bypassed air
vapor will pass through carbon bed(s) before being discharged to the
atmosphere.
A back up generator will be installed to supply power to critical equipment ( e.g.
discharge conveyor, ID fan. quencher/scrubber recycle pump, cooling tower recycle
pump, emergency plant lighting, FTO fan, etc.), and the CBCD will be provided with
a backup propane motor.
Appendix A has been reserved for the equipment performance information to be
provided by the Contractor.
ETG Environmental, lnc.iBF A Environmental Consultants 4 Final March 2000
Perfonnance Demonstration Plan Warren County PCB Landfill • 2.3 Batch Vacuum Solid Phase BCDffhermal Desorption Unit (BBCD)
The BBCD system allows for batch processing of the contaminated BCD blended materials,
and specifically:
•
•
•
•
•
Treatment of materials that contain elevated levels of PCBs and/or moisture content
without interfering with the production of the CBCD system,
The BBCD can treat sludges, filter cake. spent carbon and filter media produced in the
process condensate separation and aqueous phase treatment (PCSAPT) system,
The BBCD allows for the treatment of concentrated organics,
The BBCD may be the main producer of the organic stream for the LBCD system, and
The BBCD and LBCD systems provide end points for the detoxification of the PCB
contaminated materials.
It is important to note that the BBCD system can treat all levels of PCB contamination and
moisture content. The BBCD process flow diagram is provided in drawing PFD-203, which
shows the major equipment components and solid, liquid and gas flows.
Contaminated material will be prepared and blended as described in Section 2.1. Prepared
material will be tested regularly for moisture content and PCB levels. This testing will
determine whether material is sent to the CBCD or BBCD. The BBCD is designed to treat
material with elevated PCB concentration greater than 750 milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg)
or parts per million (ppm) and/or elevated moisture content (> 15% moisture). If no material
with these levels of PCBs or moisture is excavated, the BBCD has operational flexibility to
accept material with lower levels.
The prepared material will be transferred by a front-end loader into a feed conveyor. From
there. the material will be placed inside the rotating drum of the BBCD. The BBCD is
similar to the CBCD in that the BBCD consists of an inner, rotating drum surrounded by a
fixed. outer drum. Heated air from an external burner will be brought to optimum
temperature in a burner box. The burner exhaust gas will then be directed into the desorption
chamber though a central pipe. Once inside. additional pipes distribute the burner gas within
the unit and then into the space between the inner and the outer drums. As the inner drum
rotates, the material spills over the hot gas piping enhancing heat transfer though the unit.
(There is no contact between the burner gas and the material.) Burner gases are discharged
from the outer drum via a stack on top of the chamber.
As the heat is conducted into the BBCD, an external pump applies vacuum. The temperature
of the material is elevated to the desired level, initiating partial dechlorination/detoxification
and thermal desorption of the contaminants/organics and water. By application of vacuum,
oxygen is evacuated from the BBCD, resulting in an inert environment. The agitation of
material combined with heat and vacuum result in efficient BCD treatment of contaminated
materials.
During the heating cycle, gases containing water, organics and particulates are removed from
the BBCD by the external vacuum pump. The BBCD exhaust gases pass through a hot
cyclone for large particulate removal. The removed particulates, if clean, will be mixed with
ETG Environmental. Inc ./BF A Environmental Consultants 5 Final March 2000
Perfonnance Demonstration Plan Warren County PCB Landfill • the treated materials for cooling and rehydration; otherwise the collected particulates will be
retreated in a subsequent batch cycle.
BBCD exhaust gases will continue into a direct contact quencher/scrubber for cooling and
additional particulate removal. The temperature of the exhaust gases will be quickly reduced
by the direct contact with cooling water. which results in condensing of water and organics .
. The cooled gases continue into a non-contact. shell-and-tube condenser for additional
recovery of steam and organics. The gases then pass through a liquid ring vacuum pump into
another condenser on the positive pressure side of the vacuum pump. The non-contact
condensers utilize chilled water: the quencher/scrubber utilizes cooling tower water.
At the conclusion of the batch cycle. the treated material will be removed by reversing the
rotational direction of the BBCD inner drum. This hot, treated material is discharged into a
mixer where water is added to cool and rehydrate the treated material. As with the CBCD,
steam and particulates from the mixer enter a scrubber to be removed prior to discharge to
the atmosphere. The cool. hydrated treated material will be discharged to the treated material
stockpile for sampling and analysis. Clean treated material will be relocated or backfilled.
Appendix B has been reserved for the BBCD equipment performance information to be
provided by the Contractor.
2.3.1 Upset Conditions for BBCD
An emergency bypass located upstream of the FTO fan. will be provided to continue
system operation in case of FTO upset. In this event, the bypassed air vapor will pass
through carbon bed(s) before being discharged to the atmosphere.
In the event of a power failure in the batch system, the backup generator will power
critical equipment associated with the batch system (i.e., vacuum pump, cooling
water recirculating pump, FTO fan, etc.).
2.4 Process Condensate Separation and Aqueous Phase Treatment System
(PCSAPT)
Condensate will be collected from both the CBCD-VRS and the BBCD-VRS as illustrated in
the process flow diagrams (Drawings PFD-202 and PFD-203). Drawing PFD-204 depicts
the PCSAPT system.
Condensate from the BBCD will be treated after the soil desorption process is complete
(heating and cooling cycle). The condensate will be pumped to a centrifuge for separation of
the organics and aqueous phases. The separated organics will be pumped to the organics
tank. The aqueous phase will be pumped to the condensate collection tank.
Bleed from the quencher/scrubber of the CBCD-VRS discharges directly into the condensate
collection tank. The condensate collection tank also collects bleed from the chilled water
scrubber, WESP, and the BBCD aqueous phase. Light organics may separate as "floaters"
which can be skimmed off of the top and sent to the LBCD organic feed tank.
ETG Environmental, Inc./BF A Environmental Consultants 6 Final March 2000
Performance Demonstration Plan Warren County PCB Landfill • Liquor pumped from the bottom of the condensate collection tank will enter a sludge holding
tank to be homogenized prior to feed into a filter press to achieve liquid/solids separation.
The sludge holding and condensate collection tanks also act as surge tanks when the filter
press is in its cake discharge cycle.
Due to the anticipated oily nature of the sludge holding tank liquor. a precoat will be used
during each filter press cycle. The filter press system includes a precoat feed tank and
precoat feed pumps.
The sludge holding tank liquor will be pumped through the filter press using a diaphragm
pump. When the pressure in the filter press reaches the maximum desired operating pressure,
the diaphragm pump will be turned off and the filter press plates pressed to remove
additional entrapped filtrate. At the completion of the press cycle, the pressure is released
and the plates opened to drop the filter cake. The filter cake will be dumped into a storage
container designed to be watertight and easily transported via fork truck. Filter cake will be
sent to the BBCD for treatment as contaminated materials. due to its high moisture content,
possibility of elevated PCBs. and the ability of the BBCD system to concentrate PCBs in the
organic liquids.
Filtrate from the filter press will continue into a storage tank. The storage serves as a surge
tank and allows for additional physical separation of the filtrate into organic and aqueous
phases. The organic fraction from the filtrate storage tank will be transferred to the LBCD
organic feed tank. The aqueous phase will continue into the aqueous phase treatment
components of the PCSAPT.
The aqueous phase treatment will consist of particulate and organic removal devices. Filtrate
from the filter storage tank will be pumped through a sand filter for final polishing of
suspended solids. Depending upon the concentration and particle size distribution of the
residual suspended solids and oil content of the filtrate. a multi media filter maybe
substituted for the single layer sand filter. In either situation, the filter system will be
equipped with a backwash system capable of removing sediment buildup. Water from the
water storage tank will be used to backwash the filter media. The backwash water will be
discharged into the condensate collection tank. The backwash system can be operated
manually or automatically using either a differential pressure gauge or on a timed backup
system. At a minimum, two media filters will be available to permit backwashing of one unit
while the other is in operation.
The filtrate passing through the filter media will pass through a minimum of two carbon
vessels placed in series. There will be two dual carbon systems to permit continuous
processing through the carbon system while the one system is under going a carbon change.
Spent carbon and spent media filter will be treated in the BBCD system.
The treated aqueous phase will be stored in the water storage tank. The effluent standard for
the treated aqueous phase is set at the same standard for the treated soils, i.e. 200 ppb PCBs
or less. The treated aqueous phase will then be suitable for recycling back into the BCD
ETG Environmental, Jnc./BF A Environmental Consultants 7 Final March 2000
·..:..•
Perfonnance Demonstration Plan Warren County PCB Landfill
process, being primarily used for rehydration of the treated soils. As a backup system to
ensure sufficient water is always available for the rehydration of the treated soils, a city water
line will also be connected to the water storage tank.
2.5 Liquid Phase BCD Detoxification System
Drawing PFD-205 contains a process flow diagram for the batch liquid BCD detoxification
system. The LBCD system allows for batch processing of the PCB contaminated liquids
and/or sludges. The batch LBCD system provides for an end point for the detoxification of
the PCB contaminated materials. Organic materials from the PCSAPT will be sent to the
liquid phase BCD detoxification system (LBCD). LBCD employs a potassium/sodium-based
reagent, a hydrogen donor in the form of a high boiling point carrier oil, and catalyst to
chemically detoxify the chlorinaied contaminants (PCBs. dioxins/furans).
The carrier oils along with reagent. catalyst. and the contaminated liquids are placed in the
reactor and heated to 600-650° F. Nitrogen will be used as necessary to provide an inert
atmosphere within the LBCD reactor. The overall liquid BCD reaction process is
represented as follows:
Catalysts
Acceptor -Cl + NaOH + Donor - H
600-650 F
------➔Donor+ Acceptor-H +NaCl+ H2O
(Acceptor -Cl represents PCBs and polychlorinated dioxins/furans)
During the LBCD process. gases (steam and light organics) will be forced through a
condenser by the vapor pressure generated by the gas stream. The LBCD reactor is designed
to operate at or below 5 pounds per square inch (psi). The condenser will cool the gases
using non-contact chilled liquid from the chiller and separate gases that condense above 60-
800F. The gases will be vented to the CBCD-FTO for polishing before being discharged to
the atmosphere.
Samples of the oil mixture will be drawn from the sampling ports and screened for PCBs
during processing. Once the PCBs concentration of the oil mixture has been reduced to a
concentration acceptable for off-site disposal, the batch will be continued for an additional 1-
2 hours to ensure the completion of dechlorination. At the end of each batch, the liquid
mixture will be cooled using a heat exchanger. The liquid will then be sent to the organics
transfer tank for phase separation. The aqueous phase, if any, will be pumped to the
PCSAPT for further treatment. The aqueous phase will be monitored for pH and if necessary
neutralized as it is pumped to the condensate collection tank. Organics will then be pumped
to the treated organic tank. When sufficient quantity of organics are collected for disposal
off-site, a sample will be obtained and analyzed for the parameters required by the specific
disposal facility. Upon acceptance by the disposal facility, the treated organics will be
transported to their facility.
The LBCD reactor design capacity is 600 gallons. The batch time is expected to be 8 -I 0
hours. Appendix C has been reserved for the LBCD manufacturer performance information.
ETG Environmental. lnc./BF A Environmental Consultants 8 Final March 2000
Perfonnance Demonstration Plan Warren County PCB Landfill -.
2.6 Utility Requirements for CBCD, BBCD, PCSAPT, and LBCD
The entire BCD System takes advantage of non-contact systems for heating the contaminated
materials. These systems isolate the contaminated materials, thereby minimizing the waste
stream that must be cleaned or disposed. Design capacity is approximately 15-16 tons per
hour (tph) for the CBCD/BBCD systems combined. The LBCD system capacity is dependent
upon PCB matrix and concentration of the PCBs. The entire system requires approximately
120-180 gallons per hour (gph) of #2 fuel oil and 2000 amp/480 volt 3 phase electricity.
Water usage may range from 15-50 gpm. The factors affecting production rate include, but
are not limited to, feed material moisture content. type of feed soils. system availability,
weather, etc.
A local power company will provide electric power for the system. its ancillary equipment,
office trailers, decontamination areas. and other activities as needed.
Fuel oil tanks and propane storage tanks will be located in a clean area adjacent to the
treatment area. Fuel oil and propane piping will be installed from the storage tanks to the
burners on each thermal desorption unit. All installations. procedures, equipment. and
materials for the fuel oil and propane supply system adhere to applicable National Fire
Protection Association (NFPA) and local regulations. In addition. an emergency generator
will be installed prior to the performance demonstration test to provide necessary power to
operate equipment essential for a safe shutdown of the equipment in case of power failure. A
propane driven motor is provided to turn the CBCD drum in the event of a power failure or
motor failure.
Phone service will be provided to the site for communication and downloading, if desired,
information gathered by the control systems.
ETG Environmental, lnc ./BF A Environmental Consultants 9 Final March 2000
Perfonnance Demonstration Plan Warren County PCBLandfill
3.0 PERFORMANCE DEMONSTRATION
The contractor will prepare and submit TSCA permit applications and demonstration test
plans for:
• Research and Development permit;
• Performance Demonstration permit;
• Operating permit for PCB Disposal by Non-Thermal Alternative Methods; and
• Operating permit for PCB Incinerators.
In addition, the contractors will prepare and submit an air discharge permit application with
the North Carolina Division of Air Quality.
3.1 Material (soil) Treatment Standards
The Warren County PCB Landfill is a closed TSCA landfill. The Governor and the State
legislature are committed to the detoxification of the landfill and the joint Warren County -
State PCB Landfill Working Group, on which some State officials serve, selected the BCD
technology. The detoxification of the landfill represents a voluntary closure of this facility.
The Working Group determined treatment standards for residual concentrations of
contaminants remaining in the material above which treatment is necessary. However, it is
recognized that these standards are more stringent than those typically required by USEP A or
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources (NCDENR) for PCB
cleanups. These treatment standards represent the desire of the Working Group to obtain a
stringent cleanup that is highly protective of public health. The standards for material are as
follows:
a. PCBs -200 parts per billion (ppb)
b. Dioxins/furans -200 parts per trillion (ppt) Toxicity Equivalent Concentration (TEQ)
Based on the results of the treatability study conducted with site materials in 1998, all of the
materials that are processed in the CBCD/BBCD are expected to meet the treated material
(soil) performance standards in one pass through the units. Treated soil (including hot
cyclone dust) will be back-filled on-site once testing has confirmed that the soil has met
performance standards. Material that does not achieve the performance standards will be
retreated.
Condensate discharge from the CBCD/BBCD will be separated and treated on-site. The
treated condensate will be used to cool and re-hydrate the treated material. Material sampling
for compliance with the material treatment standards will be conducted after the treated
condensate is added to the treated material.
3.2 Stack Emissions
During full scale operation, there will be two stack discharge points from the BCD thermal
desorption processes, one from the CBCD, and the other from the BBCD. The VRS
ETG Environmental. lnc ./BF A Environmental Consultants 10 Final March 2000
Perfonnance Demonstration Plan Warren County PCB Landfill
equipment has been designed based on the results of pilot scale testing on soil that contained
typical levels of contamination. Contingencies were accounted for in the design of the
VRS 's to handle variability in site soil conditions to ensure compliance with emission limits.
During the performance demonstration (PD) test, stack emissions will be quantified by
conducting stack sampling and analysis. The results of the PD test stack sampling will then
be compared to the TSCA regulatory requirements and the applicable State of North Carolina
regulations presented in Appendix D to demonstrate compliance. The regulations for stack
emissions include standards for visible emissions, particulate matter, and toxic air pollutants
(TAPs).
In order to demonstrate that T APs are within regulated limits, air dispersion modeling and
stack sampling and analysis will be performed. The NCDENR, Division of Air Quality
Management Administration has established T APs screening levels, which provide an off-
site. risk-based concentration for each TAP. Through the air dispersion modeling, allowable
concentrations of each TAP emitted at the stack is established so that off-site concentration
does not exceed the risk-based screening level. The actual stack concentrations measured
during the PD test are then compared to the allowable stack emission limits to ensure the
limits are not exceeded.
A table of the North Carolina T APs screening levels and further details of the air dispersion
modeling used to establish the allowable stack emissions, are presented in Appendix D.
3.3 Process Condensate
Process condensate is generated from the CBCD and BBCD scrubbers/condensers, and the
WESP. Process condensate will be separated and treated onsite in the PCSAPT. The treated
aqueous phase condensate will be re-used within the CBCD/BBCD cooling mixer for soil
rehydration.
The BCD thermal desorption process is a net water user, and therefore, it is not expected that
water will be discharged from the process. The PCSAPT will be designed to allow the treated
aqueous phase condensate to be used to rehydrate the materials with the materials meeting
the established treatment standards for PCBs.
3.4 Process Organics
The process condensate generated from CBCD/BBCD scrubbers/condensers will be treated
in the PCSAPTs. Separated organics (filter cake and/or organics separated by the PCSAPTs)
will be treated in the LBCD. The LBCD is designed as a closed loop batch processing
system. Gases generated during LBCD processing are condensed in a reflux condenser
collected and treated as appropriate.
The PCB laden organics will be treated in the LBCD to a standard acceptable for off-site
disposal.
ETG Environmental. lnc.1 BF A Environmental Consultants 11 Final March 2000
Perfonnance Demonstration Plan Warren County PCB Landfill • 4.0 PROJECT ORGANIZATION
The Contractor for the site cleanup will be responsible for the overall project and the
development of an organization chart of key personnel and their responsibilities.
4.1 Contractor
The Contractor will oversee quality control and health and safety programs during PD testing
and full-scale operations. The Contractor will also collect all samples for laboratory analysis;
collect operating data recorded by the system; and provide a written report. The following is
a list of key personnel and responsibilities.
Project Executive
The Project Executive is responsible for overall management of this project. The Project
Executive has the authority to act as the corporate representative of the Contractor in all
matters pertaining to this project.
Project Manager
The Project Manager is responsible for managing the technical and administrative aspects of
the project including scope of work. cost. and schedule.
Site Manager
The Site Manager is responsible for coordinating and managing all site activities during the
PD test and full scale operations. The Site Manager must also ensure that Quality Control
(QC) and Health and Safety (H&S) issues are adequately addressed.
QC Manager
The QC Manager is responsible for ensuing that the PD test and full-scale operations are
conducted in accordance with this plan. The QC Manager is also responsible for fielding,
assessing and resolving all QC issues.
Health and Safety Officer (HSO)
The Health and Safety Officer is responsible for ensuring that contractors follow procedures
outlined in the Site Safety and Health Plan. The Health and Safety Officer will be responsible
for addressing all health and safety issues.
Shift Supervisor
The Shift Supervisor is responsible for all day to day field activities.
4.2 Subcontractors
Should the Contractor subcontract significant operating systems or specific tasks, than the
organization chart must identify the subcontractors' key personnel and their responsibilities.
ETG Environmental, Inc./BF A Environmental Consultants 12 Final March 2000
Perfonnance Demonstration Plan Warren County PCB Landfill
5.0 WASTE FEED CHARACTERIZATION
The Warren County PCB Landfill was specifically designed to accept PCB contaminated
soils excavated along approximately 270 miles of roadway. Approximately 32,000 cubic
yards of soils were received from State highway soils and another 8,000 cubic yards of soils
were received from Fort Bragg, North Carolina. An area three feet wide and three inches in
depth was excavated from along the roadways. Included in the excavation was the grass and
under bush which were fairly extensive. The areas contaminated with PCBs were restricted
from any activity from the time of discovery until the soils were excavated, allowing the
grass and under bush to become quite thick. The soil organic matter content was analyzed
and reported to be in the range of 2 to 5 percent.
Prior to excavating the soils. a mixture of carbon slurry was sprayed on to the contaminated
soils in an attempt to remediate the soils in place. The carbon slurry was placed at a rate of
1.477.96 pounds per shoulder mile: for a total of 155.90 tons of activated charcoal used.
Following the placement of the carbon slurry, a thin layer of liquid asphalt tacking was
sprayed in an effort to secure the carbon in place. This technology was eventually not
acceptable to the EPA resulting in the necessity to excavate the soils. During the excavation,
process water was sprayed onto the soils to reduce dust emissions. The soils were again
sprayed with water for dust control measures during the actual loading out of the soils into
trucks.
In November 1982, Soil & Material Engineers, Inc. (S&ME) installed four soil borings into
the landfill. Contained in Appendix E are the soil boring logs and moisture content results.
In February 1997, S&ME installed two borings into the landfill for the purpose of
investigating the integrity of the clay caps and to install two recovery wells. Unlike the soil
borings installed in 1982. which used split spoon samplers to collect soil samples through the
boring, soils were collected off the flights of the auger. The soils collected off the flights in
1997 were analyzed for moisture content. bulk density, dry density, particle size distribution,
plasticity, specific gravity, organic content and permeability. Results of these tests are also
included in Appendix E and are summarized on Table GTX-1380.
The soils collected in February 1997 were given a soil classification of SM-silty sands using
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Method D 2487. The soil description
provided in the S&ME logs from November 1982 provide the following soil classifications:
• Fine to medium sandy silt,
• Fine to medium silty sand,
• Fine to medium sandy clay,
• Fine to medium silty sandy clay,
• Fine to medium sandy clayey silt,
• Fine to medium slightly clayey sand,
• Fine to medium slightly clayey sandy silt,
• Fine to medium to coarse silty sand, and
• Fine to medium to coarse slightly clayey silty sand.
ETG Environmental, lnc./BF A Environmental Consultants 13 Final March 2000
Performance Demonstration Plan Warren County PCB Landfill
Using ASTM Method D 422, 83% to 99 % of the PCB contaminated soils collected in 1997
passed through the #4 sieve and 13% to 22% passed through the #200 sieve. There is
anticipated to be minimal large oversized debris as a result of the method used to excavate
the soils from the roadways, however, there will be some debris including gravel that may
not pass a 2 inch by 2 inch screen.
The moisture content of the PCB contaminated soils collected in 1982 as determined through
ASTM Method D 2216 ranges between a low of 5.6% to a high of 28.4%. Tests performed
on samples collected in 1997 provided similar results.
Further tests conducted by GeoTesting Express on the PCB contaminated soils collected in
1997 indicated the soils to be not plastic. an organic content of 2% to almost 5% and a
specific gravity range from 2.59 to 2.64.
Appendix E also contains two tables of analytical results from an unknown source titled
"Physical Characterization of PCB Contaminated Soils in Warren County"' and ''Chemical
Characterization of PCB Contaminated Soils in Warren County".
Tables 4-1 through 4-4 of ETG · s Pilot Scale Test Report provide analytical results of tests
performed on the untreated rav,' materials provided to ETG for the pilot test. Other than
PCBs there were no other chemical constituents of concern.
Prior to treatment. the excavated materials will be sampled and analyzed for PCBs using the
immunoassay PCB Screen and moisture content. The data generated along with physical
characteristics of the material will be used to determine the material treatment scenario -
CBCD or BBCD (Appendix F provides a guideline for such determination).
It is imperative that the contaminated material used for the PD tests be of sufficient PCB
concentration to demonstrate the effectiveness of the BBCD and CBCD processes to permit
the full-scale operation of the BCD systems, for the full range of PCB concentrations
anticipated for this project. Should the PCB concentration of the excavated materials be
deemed insufficient by NCDENR and/or any other regulatory agency to judge the
effectiveness of the BCD system, then the materials will be spiked with PCB oil to obtain the
desired PCB concentration level.
ETG Environmental. Jnc./BF A Environmental Consultants 14 Final March 2000
Performance Demonstration Plan Warren County PCB Landfill
6.0 STORMWATER/DECONT AMINATION WATER COLLECTION,
STORAGE, AND TREATMENT
During the Performance Demonstration, stormwater/decontamination water will be collected
and stored for treatment and reuse on-site. During interim and full-scale operations, the
stormwater/decontamination water treatment system will be fully operational and designed to
utilize treated water for reuse on-site. The system is described as follows:
6.1 Decontamination Water
Decontamination water will be generated from cleaning trucks, loaders and other equipment
that come in contact with contaminated materials. Decontamination will be performed only
on the decontamination pad where the water will be collected in sumps and transferred via
pipe to a lined pond. The lined pond will also collect contaminated stormwater. Water from
the lined pond will be pumped to a treatment system comprised of sand filtration followed by
carbon polishing. The effluent will be discharged to the existing unlined pond at the site.
6.2 Stormwater
Untreated material will be handled primarily under a structure with a roof to mm1m1ze
contact with stormwater. The existing grade in the treatment area slopes from the treated
material storage area down to the contaminated material area, with man-made diversions in
place. This effect will minimize contact of stormwater with contaminated material and will
ensure that any contaminated stormwater will not flow into uncontaminated areas.
Stormwater suspected of being contaminated will be collected and treated on-site with the
decontamination water, before being reused or discharged to an unlined pond. Also, any
excess water from dewatering of excavated materials will be collected and treated within this
system.
ETG Environmental. lnc.1BF A Environmental Consultants 15 Final March 2000
Perfonnance Demonstration Plan Warren County PCB Landfill
7.0 PROCESS MONITORING PROCEDURES
Operating parameters will be monitored to assure the efficient operation of system
components and to establish the acceptable range of operating conditions. Table 7-1
identifies a preliminary list of the parameters, instruments, target values, frequency,
instrument range, accuracy and calibration for the CBCD. Table 7-2 and Table 7-3 presents
the same preliminary categories of infomrntion for the BBCD, and LBCD. respectively.
These tables also indicate which parameters are recorded. The values for these parameters
will be stored in a computer and can be made available for review.
When process instrumentation indicate operations outside prescribed ranges. an alarm will be
triggered warning the operator. The operator can then make the necessary adjustments to
allow the system to operate within normal parameters.
7.1 Waste Feed Cutoff Systems
The purpose of the Waste Feed Cutoff (WFC) systems is to provide a mechanism for
immediate action whenever operating parameters deviate outside normal control limits.
There are both automatic and manual waste feed cutoff conditions. The WFC systems are not
applicable to the BBCD or the LBCD and, therefore. none are provided. Table 7-4 provides a
preliminary list of the WFC parameters and actions to take if parameters deviate outside of
the normal operations range. The CBCD waste feed conveyor will be shut off automatically
if the following parameters are outside limits for normal operations: 1) CBCD desorber face
pressure; 2) CBCD material exit temperature; 3) CBCD gas exit temperature; and 4) WESP
exit gas temperature. In addition to the operating parameters shown on Tables 7-1 and 7-2,
the total hydrocarbon analyzer in the stacks' continuous process monitoring system will be
checked for calibration every day. The allowable operating range will be determined during
the performance demonstration test. If the drift of the analyzer exceeds the allowable limit,
the analyzer's calibration will be re-checked for accuracy. If accurate, the process will be
shut off pending further evaluation. The waste feed system will also shut off automatically if
a power failure occurs or the discharge system fails.
The CBCD shall be provided with a propane powered emergency drive to continue rotating
the CBCD drum at a very slow rate in case of power failure. A back up generator will be
started to supply power to critical equipment (i.e. discharge conveyor, induced draft fan,
quencher/scrubber recycle pump, cooling tower recycle pump, emergency plant lighting,
FTO fan, etc.). In the event of a power failure in the batch system, critical equipment (i.e.,
vacuum pump, cooling tower recycle pump, FTO fan, etc.) will be powered by the backup
generator. A description of these components is provided in Section 2.0.
Visual inspection of particulate emissions from the stack, or any unusual situation that may
occur that would require further inspection, will trigger a manual WFC. When the parameters
deviate from the target values listed in Table 7-4 for the amount of time indicated, an
automatic WFC will be activated. These parameters will be monitored continuously by
system operators and will be checked by the on-duty supervisor.
ETG Environmental. lnc./BF A Environmental Consultants 16 Final March 2000
Perfonnance Demonstration Plan Warren County PCB Landfill
The WFC procedures provide assurances that the system will be operated within accepted
operating conditions to accomplish the following:
I) protection of human health ( off-site and on-site) and the environment, and
2) prevent damage to the equipment.
If the WFC system is initiated. discharged soil will be segregated and sampled to determine if
soil treatment standards have been met.
At any point during operation of the CBCD. the operator has the option to initiate a WFC
sequence manually. The protocol for conducting a WFC is as follows:
a. The operator will first stop the feed and operation of the feed conveyor to a level in the
hopper portion where a material seal is maintained to prevent ambient air from entering
the CBCD.
b. The CBCD will continue to process material until it is empty and discharge to the
stockpile through the discharge screw, double paddle mixer/cooler. and stacking
conveyor.
c. The firing rate for the CBCD burners will be reduced due to the termination of material
feed. Shell temperature will be closely monitored as the remaining material progresses
through the unit.
d. The use of treated process aqueous phase condensate to re-hydrate the treated materials
will be discontinued when material is no longer being discharged into the double paddle
mixer/cooler.
e. The induced draft fan will maintain a slight draft in the CBCD to purge the system of
process gases. Therefore. condensation of cooled gases and subsequent vapor phase
treatment will continue to occur. Condensate collection separation and treatment will
continue to occur until flows decline to a negligible level.
f. The scrubbers will be manually shut down as the process gas drops below minimum
temperature.
g. The induced draft fan will be shut down.
ETG Environmental, lnc.iBF A Environmental Consultants 17 Final March 2000
, .. • Table 7-1 Process Monitoring for CBCD # PARAMETER INSTRUMENT TARGET VALUE AND/OR FREQUENCY RANGE AND CALIBRATION RECORDED ACCEPT ABLE RANGES ACCURACY OF Factory Calibrated (YES/NO) EQUIPMENT I Soil Feed Rate Conveyor Weigh 4 -15 TPH Continuous 0-25 tph Factory Calibrated Yes Scale +5% per 24 hr. period 2 Thermal Desorber Face Pressure +0.25" WC to -2" WC Continuous -IO" to 15" wc Factory calibrated Yes Pressure Transmitter ±0.25% of full scale 3 Thermal Desorber Shell Thermocouple 1000° -1700° F Continuous 0-2,200°F Factory calibrated Yes Temperature ±4°F (0-559°F) ±0.75% (559-2,200"F) 4 Soil Exit Temperature Thermocouple 875° -950° F Continuous 0-2,200"F Factory calibrated Yes ±4°F (0-559"F) +0.75% (559-2,200"F) 5 Hot Cyclone Inlet Gas Thermocouple 750° -1150° F Continuous 0-2,200"F Factory calibrated Yes ·-Temperature ±4°F (0-559"F) +0.75% (559-2,200"F) 6 Quencher/Scrubber Thermocouple 50° -180° F Continuous 0-2,200°F Automatically Checked Yes Outlet Gas ±4°F (0-559°F) Daily Temperature +0.75% (559-2,200°F) 7 Chilled Water Scrubber 02 Level 1-10% Continuous 0-100% 02 Factory calibrated Yes Outlet 02 Level Analyzer +/- 0.1% 02 . 8 WESP Gas Exit Thermocouple 50° -150° F Continuous 0-2,200°F Factory calibrated Yes Temperature ±4°F (0-559"F) ±0. 75% (559-2,200°F) 9 Cooling Tower Thermocouple 35°-120°F Continuous 0-2,200°F Factory calibrated Yes Recycle Pump Outlet ±4°F (0-559°F) Temperature +0.75% (559-2,200°F) 10 FTO Bed Temperature Thermocouple 1500° -1800° F Continuous 0-2,200°F Factory calibrated Yes ±4°F (0-559°F) ±0. 75% (559-2,200°F) 11 CPM THC Level FID Analyzer To be determined after Continuous 3-10,000 PPM Timed Automatic Yes Performance Demonstration <1% of full span in 24 Calibration Check hours Note: All values are for normal steady state operation and will not apply during start-up or shut-down. 18
(, t Table 7-2 Process Monitoring for BBCD # PARAMETER INSTRUMENT TARGET VALUE FREQUENCY RANGE AND CALIBRATION RECORDED AND/OR ACCURACY OF (YES/NO) ACCEPTABLE EQUIPMENT RANGES I Batch Size (tons) Loader Buckets 10-18 Tons Per Batch I 0-25 tons per batch Volumetric measurement Yes ±5% per batch converted to tons (yd3 x density)• 2 Burner Box Exit Thennocouple I 000° -2000° F Continuous 32-2,200°F Factory calibrated Yes Gas Temperature ±4°F (0-559°F) ±0.75% (559-2,200°F) 3 Burner Stack Gas Thermocouple 400° -I 000° F Continuous 32-2,200°F Factory calibrated Yes Temperature ±4°F (0-559"F) +0.75% (559-2,200"F) 4 Hot Cyclone Thennocouple Ambient -900° F Continuous 32-2,200"F Factory calibrated Yes Temperature .:!_:4°F (0-559°F) +0.75% (559-2,200"F) 5 Hot Cyclone Vacuum Transmitter 10" Hg-28" Hg Continuous 0-30" Hg Factory calibrated Yes Vacuum +I% Full scale 6 Chiller Recycle Thennocouple 35° -55° F Continuous 32-2,200°F Factory calibrated Yes Pump Outlet ±4°F (0-559°F) Temperature +0.75% (559-2,200°F) 7 Cooling Tower Thennocouple 35° -120° F Continuous 32-2,200"F Factory calibrated Yes Recycle Pump ±4°F (0-559°F) Outlet Temperature ±0.75% (559-2,200°F) 8 Vacuum Pump Thennocouple Ambient -I 10°F Once every 12 32-2,200°F Factory calibrated No (but is Inlet Temperature hours ±4°F (0-559°F) monitored) +0.75% (559-2,200°F) 9 Vacuum Pump Gauge 15" Hg -30" Hg Once every 12 0-30" Hg Factory calibrated No (but is Inlet Vacuum hours +1.5% monitored) 10 FTO Bed Thennocouple 1500° -1800° F Continuous 32-2,200°F Factory calibrated Yes Temperature ±4°F (0-559°F) +0. 75% (559-2,200°F) 11 CPM THC Level FID Analyzer To be determined Continuous 3-10,000 PPM Timed Automatic Yes after Performance <1% of full span in 24 Calibration Check Demonstration • The batch units are known to contain a given volume of soil. To obtain the batch size, in tons, the volume of soil is simply multiplied by the soil density. • Note: All values are for nonnal steady state operation and will not apply during start-up and shut-down. 19
'· Table 7-3 Process Monitoring for LBCD # PARAMETER INSTRUMENT TARGET VALUE AND/OR FREQUENCY RANGE AND CALIBRATION RECORDED ACCEPTABLE RANGES ACCURACY OF (YES/NO) EQUIPMENT I Organic Liquid Feed Flow Totalizer 150 -300 gal. Per Batch 0-500 gallon Factory Yes + I% per Batch 2 Carry Oil Flow Totalizer 150-450 gal Per Batch 0-500 gallon Factory Yes ± I% per Batch 3 Caustic Flow Totalizer 10 -25 gal Per Batch 0-500 gallon Factory Yes ± I% per Batch 4 Catalysts Flow Totalizer 15 -50 gal Per Batch 0-500 gallon Factory Yes + I% per Batch 5 Total Batch Volume None Sum Of Items 1-4 above Per Batch Not Applicable Manual Calculation No 6 Pressure Valve Setting Gauge 2-5 psig Continuous 0-10 psig Factory Yes 7 Process Liquid Thermocouple 630 -670° F Continuous 0-2,200 "F Factory Yes Temperature ±4 °F (0-559 "F) +0.75 % (559-2,200 "F) 20
Table 7-4 Preliminary List of Waste Feed Cutoff Conditions for CBCD
Process Operating Acceptable Range Immediate Actions to be Taken Whenever Parameters
Conditions and Time For Deviate Outside Control Limits
Corrective Actions
CBCD Desorber Face >-0.25" WC Increase fan speed.
Pressure for 3 minutes
CBCD Soil Exit <850° F Lower feed rate.
Temperature for 20 minutes
CBCD Gas Exit > 1150° F for 15 Lower CTDU shell temperature
Temperature minutes or 1200°F
instantaneous
THC at Stack To be established Check unit calibration. Check air stream flow to the FTO
during Perfonnance and increase if necessary. Next check scrubbers and
Demonstration test WESP operation and make adjustments if necessary.
WESP Exit Gas >200° F for 15 Check water level in the WESP recycle tank and add
Temperature minutes water, if required. Run both quencher/scrubber recycle
pumps. Check cooling tower and chiller recycle water
temperature.
21
Perfonnance Demonstration Plan Warren County PCB Landfill
8.0 PERFORMANCE DEMONSTRATION TEST SCHEDULE AND REPORTING
This section describes the PD test, the anticipated test schedule, and identifies reports that
will be prepared and reviewed to evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment process.
Following is an overview of the schedule of events leading up to the PD testing:
Months 1-3: Prepare plans. submit permit applications, initiate equipment procurement,
and implement Community OutReach and Involvement Plan.
Months 3-4: Continue with Month ·s 1-3 activities, initiate site preparation activities, base
line monitoring, clearing and grubbing. site security, temporary facilities, install utilities.
Months 5-6: Install process pads and begin receiving equipment.
Months 7-9: Build roof covered areas for soil. install power. complete receipt of
equipment. finish component assembly. install conveyance piping from/to process
condensate treatment facility and storm water treatment plants. begin shake down and
perform clean soil tests.
Month I 0: -Finish clean soil tests. and begin first of six PD tests.
8.1 Clean Material-CBCD/BBCD ShakeDown
The purpose of the clean soil testing is to verify mechanical operation of the CBCD and
BBCD systems. Prior to operations with contaminated materials, both CBCD and BBCD
systems will process clean soil for 8 hours at anticipated feed rates and retention times. This
amount of time is the minimum needed to ensure that all system components are functioning
properly.
Key information to be collected for the CBCD includes: soil feed rate, clean soil moisture
content. soil exit temperature. and material handling and vapor recovery system (CBCD-
VRS) equipment performance.
Key information to be collected for the BBCD clean soil test includes: batch volume, vacuum
pressure at the hot cyclone inlet. soil temperature verses time, and material handling and
BBCD-VRS equipment performance.
Approximately 10 to 12 tons of clean soil will be treated in the BBCD system and 120 -200
tons of clean soil treated in the CBCD system.
8.2 Contaminated Material -CBCD/BBCD PD TEST
The goal of the PD testing is to demonstrate that the CBCD/BBCD systems can achieve the
material treatment standards and stack emissions while processing maximum throughput. PD
testing will be conducted on each type of BCD system (i.e. BBCD and CBCD). A rigorous
monitoring and sampling program will ensure that requirements are met for all systems
ETG Environmental. lnc./BF A Environmental Consultants 22 Final March 2000
Perfonnance Demonstration Plan Warren County PCB Landfill
during full scale operations. Sampling and analysis will be conducted in accordance with
Section 9.0.
In accordance with the excavation plan described in the Site Operations Work Plan, the
southern end of the PCB landfill will be uncovered and PCB contaminated material
excavated. The excavated material will be transported via trucks to the screening and
blending plant. The material will be v.;eighed using a truck scale that has been certified prior
to staging at the screening and blending plant. Sufficient material will be excavated to
perform the ramp up test on the CBCD and the three PD tests to be performed on the CBCD
and BBCD systems.
Samples of the staged excavated material will be collected. The samples will be screened in
the field for PCBs using the immunoassay kits and analyzed for moisture content. In
addition, samples will be submitted to a laboratory for PCBs, dioxin/furans and hazardous
waste chemical characterization. The PCB and dioxin/furans analyses provide data on the
concentration of the PCBs in the material. and the hazardous waste chemical characterization
will confirm that no other chemicals of concern exist in the PCB contaminated materials. It
is desired to perform the PD tests with materials representative of the levels of PCBs
anticipated to be encountered throughout the project. If the material excavated is not of
sufficient PCB concentrations then it will be spiked with PCBs. Materials with a moisture
content greater than 15 percent will be treated in the BBCD system.
The staged material will be loaded into the hopper of the screening plant contammg a
maximum screen mesh size of 2-inch by 2-inch. Material not passing through the 2-inch by
2-inch screen will be discarded into an oversize pile.
Material passing through the 2-inch by 2-inch screen will pass under a magnet to remove
magnetic materials. Magnetic material collected on the magnet will be removed manually
and placed in a stockpile for future decontamination and disposal. The non-magnetic
screened material will be transferred to the pug mill plant where BCD reagents will be
blended at a ratio of 2% to 5% by weight.
Following is a description of the PD testing that will be performed:
• The first test to be performed is the CBCD ramp-up test to determine the highest feed
rate that will still produce material meeting the soil cleanup standard of 200 ppb PCBs.
The CBCD will start with contaminated material and will slowly ramp up to maximum
throughput conditions (i.e., highest feed rate and lowest material retention time that will
still produce clean material). Contaminated material is needed to make this
determination. This ramp up time may take approximately 24 hours or more to complete.
The CBCD will then be shutdown for analysis of operational control parameters.
• The day after the CBCD ramp up test is complete, PD testing will begin on the BBCD.
Material will be added to the BBCD and the test will be started in the morning. Once
heat is applied to the unit, the PD test will be started. The second and third BBCD PD
tests are expected to occur during the two days following the first test. The operating
ETG Environmental. Inc./BF A Environmental Consultants 23 Final March 2000
Perfonnance Demonstration Plan Warren County PCB Landfill
time for each PD test of the batch system is anticipated to be completed within 9 to 12
hours. All three PD tests will be conducted at maximum throughput operating
conditions (i.e., largest possible feed to the unit expected during full-scale operations).
• After BBCD testing is complete, PD testing will continue on the CBCD. The test will be
started in the morning. Once the CBCD has reached the proper temperature, material will
be added. Once the feed rate is stabilized, the PD test will be started. The second and
third CBCD PD tests are expected to occur on the two days following the first test. All
three PD tests of the continuous system are expected to be completed within 9 to 16
hours of starting up the CBCD. In between tests, the CBCD will most likely be kept at or
near the operating temperature. All three PD tests will be conducted at maximum
throughput operating conditions (i.e .. highest feed rate and lowest retention time
expected during full scale operations).
Treated and untreated material. air. and condensate sampling will be conducted and the
samples will be sent to a laboratory for detailed analyses during ramp up of the CBCD and
the six PD tests. Because stack sampling may take up to 9 hours to complete, each PD test
will last at least that long. Refer to Section 9.0 for details pertaining to sampling and analysis.
In addition, critical process control data is monitored and recorded as described in Section
7.0.
Successful PD test data (i.e .. chemical analyses confirming air and treatment standards are
achieved) will be evaluated to establish an operating range for total hydrocarbon compounds
as measured by continuous process monitor. This range will then be used as a guideline that
the system is operating within the required emission standards.
A detailed test report and compilation of test data will be submitted to NCDENR at the
conclusion of PD testing. An outline of this report is shown in Appendix G. Interim
operations will be conducted as described in Section l 0.0 after PD testing is completed.
8.3 Liquid BCD Reactor
Prior to the treatment of PCB contaminated organic liquids, the liquid BCD reactor will be
tested for mechanical operation. Carrier oil, catalysts, and process additives will be metered
into the reactor and heated to 600 -650°F. Feed rates, batch volume, reactor pressure, and
process liquid temperature will be monitored to determine that the equipment will operate as
designed.
The goal of the PD testing for the liquid BCD reactor is to demonstrate that the contaminated
organic liquids from CBCD and BBCD process condensate will be treated to the required
criteria as determined by the off-site disposal facility
The first test will be started after the completion of both CBCD and BBCD PD tests.
Samples of the organic mixture will be drawn from the sampling ports and screened for
PCBs to determine the completion of the BCD process. At the end of the batch, process oil
samples will be taken and sent to a commercial laboratory for detail analysis according to
ETG Environmental. Inc./BF A Environmental Consu I tan ts 24 Final March 2000
Perfonnance Demonstration Plan Warren County PCB Landfill
sampling and analysis procedures described in Section 9.0. A single PD test is anticipated to
be completed in 8-10 hours. Critical process control data is also monitored and recorded as
described in Section 7.0.
It is imperative that the PCB contaminated organic liquid be of sufficient PCB concentration
to demonstrate the effectiveness of the LBCD system for NCDENR and/or other regulatory
agencies. If need be, the organic liquids to be treated will be spiked with PCB oil to achieve
the desired PCB concentration levels.
ETG Environmental, lnc./BFA Environmental Consultants 25 Final March 2000
Perfonnance Demonstration Plan Warren County PCB Landfill
9.0 PERFORMANCE DEMONSTRATION SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS
During PD testing, the BBCD/CBCD will be tested to demonstrate that material treatment
and air emission standards have been achieved. Treated process condensate and
stormwater/decontamination water will also be tested to verify proper operation of these
systems. Three replicate tests will be conducted for the BBCD, CBCD and LBCD systems.
Each test will be performed during a 6 to 12 hour period. All sampling and analysis will be
conducted in accordance with the approved sampling and analysis plan. which is summarized
in Table 9-1. The Final Verification/Confirmation Sampling Plan (FVCSP) includes the
procedures to be used for each sampling event. These sampling procedures will be used to
ensure proper sampling protocols are adhered to during sampling. NCDENR will also review
and approve the use of these sampling procedures prior to PD testing.
Material will be selected for PD testing as described in Section 5.0. In summary,
performance of the BBCD will be demonstrated through the processing of excavated
materials exhibiting elevated PCB concentrations and/or moisture content. Contaminated
materials considered representative of the majority of material that will be encountered at the
site will be excavated and used to evaluate the CBCD. The excavated material will be
sampled in accordance with the FVCSP and screened for PCBs and moisture content on-site
to verify that it is representative of material to be treated in the CBCD. In the event that the
material is not representative, then another source of contaminated material will be identified
based on historical sample results, or the materials will be spiked with PCB oil to achieve the
desired concentrations.
Table 9-1 presents the estimated number and types of samples that will be collected and
analyzed to demonstrate attainment of standards (this Table does not include any sampling
and analysis associated with the ramp up).
9.1 Untreated Feed Material
Chemical and physical analyses will be performed on the untreated feed material to assess
characteristics and provide physical data to determine if the material will be treated by the
BBCD or CBCD system. Additionally, this information will be used to evaluate handling
methods and requirements before and after treatment.
For the ramp up, one stockpile will be created and sampled following the procedure in the
FVCSP. One composite sample will be analyzed on-site using the Immunoassay kit for PCBs
and percent moisture.
For each PD test run after the CBCD ramp up test, six material stockpiles will be created, one
for each of the three BBCD tests and one for each of the three CBCD tests. Untreated feed
material will be stockpiled, sampled (see FVCSP) and analyzed for PCBs, semi-volatile
organic compounds (SVOCs), VOCs, dioxin/furans, total chlorides, metals, percent moisture,
and density. Eight locations from each stockpile will be selected so that representative soil
types and contaminant concentr~tions are sampled. Material from the eight locations will be
collected and homogenized in a stainless steel bowl using a stainless steel trowel before
ETG Environmental, lnc ./BF A Environmental Consultants 26 Final March 2000
Performance Demonstration Plan Warren County PCB Landfill
being placed in the appropriate sampling container, with the exception of samples requiring
VOC analysis. Four VOC samples will be collected directly into sample jars at four locations
using a disposable spatula. The material will then be screened utilizing a 2 inch by 2 inch
screen. Oversize material will be stored in a designated area for additional handling.
9.2 Treated Material
During ramp up for the CBCD, one grab sample per each feed rate/retention time will be
collected and analyzed onsite utilizing the immunoassay kit for PCBs. This data will be
compared with material treatment standards and used to determine the maximum throughput
rate for the PD tests. Note: The number of samples collected and analyzed will be
Contractor specific and have not been listed in Table 9-1. These samples are for the
Contractor to determine the feed rate to be used for the PD tests.
The ability of the CBCD/BBCD to produce material that meets the project material treatment
standards listed below will be demonstrated during the PD tests:
• Project Material Treatment Standard: PCBs <200ppb, Dioxin <200 ppt TEQ
For each PD test run, the conveyor from the CBCD will deposit treated material creating four
stockpiles. For the BBCD, a single treated material stockpile will be created.
The appropriate precautions will be taken in handling the treated material as temperatures
may remain elevated within the stockpile. Samples to be analyzed for non volatile organic
compounds will be collected as follows:
• Two samples will be collected from each of the four CBCD stockpiles generated per PD
test, for a total of eight samples.
• Eight samples will be collected from the single BBCD stockpile generated per PD test.
• The eight CBCD treated material samples will be homogenized in a stainless steel bowl
using a stainless steel trowel before being placed in the appropriate sampling containers.
• The eight BBCD treated material samples will be homogenized identical to the CBCD
treated materials samples. Note: Never are the CBCD treated samples and BBCD treated
samples homogenized together.
Samples to be analyzed for volatile organic compounds will be collected as follows:
• One sample from two of the four CBCD treated stockpiles will be collected and placed
directly into sample jars.
• Two samples from the BBCD treated stockpile will be collected and placed directly into
sample jars.
Table 9-1 contains the sampling and analysis requirements for treated material.
ETG Environmental. lnc./BF A Environmental Consultants 27 Final March 2000
Description Matrix Untreated Solid Material Treated Solid Material WARREN COUNTY PCB LANDFILL ~.iTOXIFICATION PROJECT TABLE 9-1 SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS FOR BCD PERFORMANCE DEMONSTRATION Samples Frequency Quality Type Data Use Control Control/ Informational Each stockpile for the BBCD and CBCD CLP Protocol QA/QC Composite Control: for PCB analysis, processes will be sampled from 8 locations Informational for other and composited into one sample per PDP parameters: Determine except for voes waste feed characteristics Two grab samples will be collected from One trip blank per Grab lnfonnational: Determine each stockpile for the BBCD and CBCD shipment waste feed characteristics orocesses and analyzed for VOCs Each stockpile from the BCBD and CBCD One duplicate, matrix Composite Control: for PCB and units will be sampled from 8 locations and spike and matrix spike Dioxin/Furan analysis. composited into one sample per PDP test, duplicate Informational for other except voes. parameters. 28 t Preparation/ Estimated Analytical Methods Samples Minimum PCB Immunoassay 6 (Matrix and matrix spike not performed on field analysis) PCB 6 8082 SVOCs 6 8270 Dioxins/Furans 6 8290 Total Chlorides 6 9251 Metals 6 7471 Moisture% 6 ASTM D 2216 Density 6 ASTM Dl557 voes 18 8260 PCB Immunoassay 6 (Matrix and matrix spike not performed on field analvsis) PCB 9 8082 SVOCs 9 8270 Dioxins/Furans 9 8290 Total Chlorides 9 9251 Metals 9 7471
Description Matrix Treated Solid Material ( continued) Process Gas Stack Air WARREN COUNTY PCB LANDFILL. ~TOXIFICATION PROJECT TABLE 9-1 SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS FOR BCD PERFORMANCE DEMONSTRATION (Continued) Samples Frequency Quality Type Data Use Preparation/ Control Control/ Analytical Methods Informational Each stockpile from the BBCD and One duplicate, matrix Composite Control for PCB Moisture% CBCD processes units will be sampled spike and matrix and Dioxin/Furan ASTM D 2216 from 8 locations and composited into spike duplicate analysis. one sample per PDP test, except VOCs. Informational for Density other parameters. ASTM Dl557 limitability Corrosivity Reactive Cyanide and Two grab samples will be collected from Sulfide each stockpile for the BBCD and CBCD One trip blank per Grab Informational: voes processes and analyzed for VOCs shipment 8260 CBCD and BBCD stack testing emission Per stack testing Continuous Control: voes samples per PDP test. contractor and lab Grab Compliance with SW846 Method 30 CLP protocol State Air PCB Regulations 40CFR60 Method 23 Temperature 40CFR60 Method 4 Moisture 40CFR60 Method 4 SVOCs 40CFR60 Method to HCL 40CFR60 Method 26 Metals 40CFR60 Method 29 Flow 40CFR60 Mth I Or 2 Dioxin/Furan 40CFR60 Method 23 Particulates 40CFR60 Method 5 29 Estimated Samples Minimum 9 9 9 9 27 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 ►· I•
Description Type Pre-Gas Flameless Thermal Oxidizer (FTO) Air Aqueous Liquid Phase Condensate WARREN COUNTY PCB LANDFL_..... ~TOXIFICATION PROJECT TABLE 9-1 SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS FOR BCD PERFORMANCE DEMONSTRATION (Continued) Samples Data Use Quality Type Data Use Preparation/ Control/ Control Control/ Analytical Methods Informational Informational CBCD and BBCD stack testing Per stack testing Continuous Informational: voes emission samples per PDP test. contractor and lab Grab Compliance with SW846 Method 30 CLP protocol Quantitative State Air PCB Regulations 40CFR60 Method 23 Temperature 40CFR60 Method 4 Moisture 40CFR60 Method 4 SVOCs 40CFR60 Method 10 HCL 40CFR60 Method 26 Metals 40CFR60 Method 29 Flow 40CFR60 Mth I Or 2 Dioxin/Furan 40CFR60 Method 23 Particulates 40CFR60 Method 5 Collect One sample during each CBCD CLP Protocol Grab Sand filter PCB test QA/QC Influent Immunoassay Informational: PCB Determine PCB 8082 carry over aqueous Flow, totalizer phase Collect One sample during each CBCD CLP Protocol Grab Carbon Midfluent PCB test QA/QC Informational: Immunoassay Determine break PCB through of J s1 carbon unit 8082 Collect One sample during each CBCD CLP Protocol Grab Effluent Control: PCB test QA/QC Determine water Immunoassav quality before PCB rehydration 8082 30 Estimated Samples Minimum 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
Description Matrix Contaminated Liquid Organics Feed To LBCD Reactor Effiuent Liquid LBCD WARREN COUNTY PCB LANDFIL~ OETOXIFICATION PROJECT TABLE 9-1 SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS FOR BCD PERFORMANCE DEMONSTRATION {Continued) Samples Frequency Quality Type Data Use Preparation/ Control Informational/ Analytical Methods Control Collect One sample during each LBCD CLP Protocol Grab LBCD Organic PCB test Feed Tank 8082 Control: Determine PCB carry over with organics Collect One sample during each LBCD CLP Protocol Grab LBCD Treated PCB test Organic Tank 8082 Control: Verification PCB dechlorination 31 Estimated Samples Minimum 3 3
Perfonnance Demonstration Plan Warren County PCB Landfill
9.3 Treated Organics -Liquid Phase BCD System
Organic liquids from the collector tank will be sampled and analyzed for PCBs prior to the
treatment in the liquid BCD reactor. During the processing, samples of the treated organics
will be collected and screened for PCBs using an on-site immunoassay kit to determine the
completion of the reactions. After the batch is completed, the treated organics will be
processed through a centrifuge for removal of solids/salts. The solids/salts will be recycled
back to the BBCD. The organic centrate will be pumped to a treated organic tank. When
sufficient quantity of treated organics have been collected a grab sample will be collected and
analyzed for PCBs and disposal parameters required by the disposal facility.
9.4 Air -Process Monitoring
Stack emission tests will be conducted during the PD test to verify that CBCD/BBCD air
emissions meet the established project requirements. Air samples will also be collected
before the FTO to monitor its effectiveness. Three replicate stack tests will be conducted for
each of the BBCD and CBCD PD tests. The stack sampling data collected during the PD
tests will be compared to the allowable stack emissions determined by the air dispersion
modeling. Appendix D provides an explanation of the model including inputs and resultant
stack emission limits. Table 9-1 contains the sampling and analysis requirements for air
san1ples. During the ramp up and throughout all of the PD testing, stack gas will be
monitored for THC utilizing the CPM. All sampling protocols will be provided by the stack
testing subcontractor and approved by NCDENR.
ETG Environmental. Inc./BF A Environmental Consultants 32 Final March 2000
Perfonnance Demonstration Plan Warren County PCB Landfill
10.0 INTERIM OPERATIONS
The BCD detoxification system will be shutdown until a TSCA operating permit is received.
According to Mr. Winston Lue of the office of Pollution, Prevention and Toxics branch of
TSCA, an interim operating permit may be issued to shorten the downtime between the
conclusion of the PD test and the startup of the full-scale remediation operations. A
Research and Development permit may be obtained to conduct the shakedown phase prior to
proceeding with the Performance Demonstration test. Factors affecting the review process
for both the interim permit and full-scale operating permit are:
• Turnaround time for the stack testing results and laboratory analytical results:
• Submission and quality of the Performance Demonstration Report:
• Quality Assurance and Quality Control of the analytical data;
• Consistency of analytical results collected from the three PD tests;
• Delta between analytical results and treatment standards (air. and treated
materials).
• Mechanical performance of the processes (consistency, accuracy. instrumentation,
operating parameters. etc.)
The recommended schedule to expedite the TSCA permitting process from the completion of
the PD test is as follows:
Activity
Stack Test Results Preliminary
Compile Process Data Draft PD Report
Submit Preliminary Data to NCDENR/ TSCA
Stack Test Results Final
Submit PD Report to NCDENR
Receive NCDENR Comments
Finalize PD Report Issue to NCDENR/TSCA
TSCA Review/Respond to Questions
Interim Permit Issued
Commence BCD Detoxification Processing
Final Permit Issued
Time Line
Week3
Week4
Week 5
Week6
Week 7
Week 8
Week 9
Week 11
Week 12
Week 13
Week 34
The Contractor is required to prepare a Performance Demonstration Report. The suggested
outline of this report is presented in Appendix G.
The project will commence under an interim permit until the final operating permit is
received from TSCA. It will be the Contractor's responsibility to secure the site during all
downtime period, including between the PD test and the start of the full-scale operations.
ETG Environmental, lnc./BF A Environmental Consultants 33 Final March 2000
FIGURES
( I 'I' '1,·1., , , ,~,,,,\v11, \ \ ~\\\\\\ \\\ \ -------------------~ -------...i.---------+-----------'-- - ----------------_/ / _ _; --,, \ -·'' ,\.' ' ! \ \ ---• ----- - I -----1---------,1---------~----JI - -___,__ --__._ J I I -------- - ---+-------,1 \ \ 1 \ \ I I \ ~ \ \\.._ c»iE~ \...... ........... ......__ ......__ -........... ......__ -SAIi) .. ::n..-=· 00 00 ------ --=--T -=-. - - - -_ _I ---_..__ -~---r __ '_J --J-~---_j ----------------------------------------------N-~· ----560.00' -_ _ _ _ _ _ S 08'46'15" E / -------___,, ---------------------=--OIi[ ,__ - -OUE £j.. ~1-,1~~1~ ~ .. _ c.w .. ·-.... Ina ...,._ --·-----9:;;t/;;° 31-/() .&'~ 9:3/;;° / .. --... --... --... --... --... --... --... --... --... --... --... --... --... --... --... --... --.. --... --... --... --... --... --... --... --... --... --... --... -f!!!! 19. 3' .,.,.,m ETG ENVIROMENT AL. INC. NORTH CWU... CEPNmlE>IT Of EHVR>NMOO Nil NAlURM. RE50UlCES I ......... DIVISION Of WASTE MANAGEMENT ~~~ WARREN COUNTY PCS LANDFILL DETOXIFICATION PROJECT Barnes, Fflrland and Associates. Inc. EQUIPMENT LAYOUT ---'l'ION -Ill). ........,.""' DAT[ ..__,,.,, <D< PFD-200 .... ft -~ t--9-99 ,._.,, IWI ~-DIIAaNI ~ fF'D-20) ~ ..-.""' ! I ·1 )
-------· -~ . -· ·~·--------~---------------·····---·--·--·----·· ~_______,;z------1 _ ____.~-----------------------------~ I I I r ____________________ .§fREEN OVERSIZE I ------------! 2"X2" --, I ~--I I / SCREEN : I I LANDFILL TRUCK SCALE STOCK PILE SCREEN HOPPER --0 C:J CONYEYQR n • DUST COLLECTOR MAGNETIC MATERIAL r----------------------, I ·~;GNCT SCREENED MATERIAL CONVEYOR -;-1_ ~ w ~ L---TO DECONTAMINATION & DISPOSAL TO DECONTAMINATION & DISPOSAL ~ STOCKPILE ,, BCD REAGENT .filLQ SILO ROTARY • v<J VALVE PUG MILL DISCHARGE STACKER , .__ __________ _, /'0: f PUG MILL DISCHARGE CONVEYOR BLENDED MATERIAL ·---------► TO CBCD SYSTEM (DWG PFD-202) STOCKPILE \ ,----► I I I I L---------------~ TO BBCD SYSTEM (DWG PFD-203) PUG MILL ~ WEIGH BELT SCALE PUG MILL FEED CONVEYOR Cl w z w w a: u (/) PUG_ MILL HOPPER 0 0 • PUG MILL HOPPER CONVEYOR LEGEND: FlEl. NZ a AIR 50U) MATERl'I. uauo -·-•-·-•-•-•-·--c;.t.S a VAPORS ---··-··-------Cl)0lJIC -ltll ------PROCESSWATel -Nil ETG NORTH CAR0UIIA DEPAIINEIIT OF EIMROIIIIENT AND NATURAL l£S0UIIC[S DIVISION Of WAST[ IIANAG[ll[NT -I MATERIAL PREPARATION PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM &unes. Faiand and Associates. Inc. 1-ft---·-I DAn I ~ 110.: libdi --,.... I--_.... :i;l'IWC I :PFD-201 ......... ENVIROMENTAL. INC. WARREN COUNTY PCS UNDFlll DETOXIFICATION PROJECT .,..,e ~-=-
r-<"""' ,ro-2,,,I I SC8EDfl't'B £¥YD I.-, I ---..,., --WI( --..,., Mo. 2 F\E.. 01. WI( TO Mo. 2 fUEL 01.. TN« ·""" ,ro... r. I I .......... , ..,.__ I I .CIRl -.mJI -.... ---..,., ta/ -----.l:llal .IDllmlll &1111111 rnwm sreocs 10 -' . ' ! -SJlQC DMD ll)A1WOSl'tEI£ I ,------1 ~--=--=.-=i I r·j i i ~--·-I -T-·--, I I ; 1 + I . _J t:::::;' --•-•--, r-•-•--,.,....--I ! I i . ---·-·-·7 _....,.._u..~,(I I ! i m~=----. i I ! TO"""""'°' i .......,., .. _ _H« I ; -' -; · l ! r--·-·-d,_ i -·.L--! -r-+i . -·-·y.,i ----=, f ,.-,--_ __...,...... I i , ! , · 7 ~~ I ii ! I y ! ' I I I I ~-~ . I i I i I · I • •• I i I ! I I I I . I I I . I I I . I I ! --L-1 j I : 4'l L--I ' i' ! I ~ I "J£& p-----, i I ~___J -----! I ~--.L.-.• ·, I • .CIRl .lllI..Cl!:LII£ [!]-------~ ..,., --: ~ I 7 ! I l I ......,,...,.... -7 ! ""?" '""=" I • ,, i ----·+ ! I : - I i l ii I !j ' ·-7 ~-@----, i ' r _ _J • ......, I , • 'I I L. .... _ .----, I ! -,· o----·-·-®-Jmlllll LJ I . I I . ----1 -. llfAtlr PMlf'S ~n-r· j !, L --• ~• ! SCiIU4 P £AN j A118a1I11 .= .r-::-::-:::t.. _J•I ! i __ ...... i ! .CIICll lJ.eWEl.a:S D£IH:M OJDZEB (FTD) -= Nca. 2 f\.E.. ~ P<M'S I • 'I ~ ·-· ! ! ~ I ~---I I •' i ! -.....:l. I ,, -' • I I ~ .--~ Cl0Wl:ll0II -r - - -J , ; -• • I ,rcyg~ I I i •~ I ' I I •-' · I ,--_J ' ll_LTI--7 ,, '4?-1' t ! I ~· ! ' • -:::..,_· ,, ! I I I ! ! -!L ! i ! · I , · · -··-· I ~-I _ • I ___ :::::---~ ! • • ! I ··-··-··-··..J = i · --I I SZVNVIPIDI I ! ! ! ! .,-·:i i ! ce,;g I ~• · I -· · . !, rn-I ii I ---~i t'! --! !l I . --• I -· i II , , , • L ' h _._ ' • r·-·· -=" . ,• I I r---.J I ,· ---½ EP ' -+· · ---··---··-· -i ·' I I f ---·◄ 7 I -..=--. --. IC I I - ' • =-· I --··-··--1. j i __________ J I .,: :=., I ! I I s-1.. --:::::;; :::; Li .=' i-, = J ·-··--7 ! : : 1-L.J..._ , 11 -~ ·r -.:.c~= i , -..::;,·, _ ~ ! l 1 I ! ----im:n::t.EFUIP ! --i ~----~ 1 i : I I -.....;.;..:.::::""' i : ---: i □ (§ I I I I i ......:=. __ -1 ! ! 10 ANOSPtEI£ i J;MIIIII.JEI ~ -r·--.__ __ __, m;;o MID!bmfB 11'.::::fW§ GlfPMP ETG ENVIROMENTAL. INC. jMllj.JIEll ~ ---,-J . L, ______________ _ •--=--! I I I I ii '·-=;..=:.;.., ..,., -! i -I -lllU Ctfflffif N0l!Tll CAR0UNA DEPAIINENT Of EIMRONIIOO AND IIAllJIW. R£SOUIICES DIVISION ~ WASTE MANAGEMENT W.ARREH COUNTY PCB l.ANDflU DETOXIFICATION PROJECT TO C8CD sro.. SCRl.&EI TO C8CD O«llD .. TEii SCRl.&EI TOc:ecn ll[SP ' ' ~----L ___ l---~--~=-> _ _, I I AG: JBPJfP :u $JPQl1' [ .JllrA f.nvironmenlal c:onsu1tan1s ---z:.w= ---:cw:s ~ Barnes, Ferland and A_,,-,..tws Inc. CBCD PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM LEGEND: RE.."2•""-ICU)-UIU) -·-a10UNO.ml IW)CDS'UJER 1=-----sl CffJW1tG NCJ ct£ 1S A SPHE DIAWNI-TION ~Na.: iiii\ __ ... CIJt __ ... _l!!!P, ........,.,. NII .... "Le -O,.lt _..,. PF"D-202 --=-.er-=.
1-j ,.~ --l_ ... ~ ,_ nn. 01. T-DWG Pfl>-20& 10 nn. 01. w. Jll!ll,!IU; Jllll'l!E..JH! Jl8!X Jlll..!lalf ~ ., r··-··-·--·-··---··-··---··-··--·-··-··----------··-··-··-··-··-··-··-··-··-··-··-,--··-·-··-··-··-··-··-··-··1 ! i ! ' : i · r··-··-··-··-·-··-··---··--··-··-··-··-··-··-··-··-··-··-··-··7 I : I : : : I : I ~J : I : OUT I i ! ~~-~~ l 10 AN0l5l'IOE l ! --~ l ! r·-·+-·--7 i------i ! ~ i i : . i ! ' i ! ~ r·-7 r-·-·--·-·-·-·1 ·-· , L., I i I A I ~ ~ J lT ! i r·-·-·----~-·-------~ ! [!}-~ ! r _ \lrYLn I i u= ,-----+r'51-:! j I .fll..WI • L ~ : j 're ! \__/\._,/ ----....--.., ! i -~ 1=~ 1 1 .IKll I i l_r-~! , 1 L----=--I • ---; Jill ~, ~ I &l\~ 10~ L._ ____ ~ ! -----:::::::::: I ! : _____ ..J : j I I I . ! y r-EY--r7 10,a.c 1 1 L 1 1 I 1 ! SB.BEi! J 1' t----.t.~----· ~ ; I CTI--t---i ! L. ~I I I SBIIIEI t . m:mrew I _L! ! i ! st£.OW10 t L _L 10 : I ANOSPHD1E ~-~-aJm<IF\JGC I • I ---------. --------------~ ~-rnD w« : ! ~ ! ! \ CONDOISAlE ! I :mr.m:a \. qri-w ! I ! .=..zu: t _...., I ! ! IIICll .n..tilll.E:SS :n«BMY-CD'DZf! 1Dlll DWG Pfl>-20& """' 10 -TN« .awosPtERE IIICll ~ -! : ---·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-, --! 1·~ ~ I ·-==' .... ,=.---OtWR-=-->---------------------------------------------J f!MOPfl>-:-'~ ~ ~ WATER S1UfW:E I I r--~-+---------J ! I '" I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I fl fl, rrrfl fl rfl IH!D W5QWR'/gp K ,an ETG ENV1ROMENTAL, INC. I ~ NORnl CAR0UHA DEPARNEIIT Of DMROIIWOIT AND NATURAL ll£SQ8XS DIVISION Of WAST[ WANAG[W[HT WARREN COUNTY PCB LAHDFlU. DETOXIFICATION PROJ[CT 11.PA_EIYironmenlal Coosullanls ~ zw;u :cw:s -----Barnes. Fc1and and "1-=>cie-Inc. LEGEND: FWL.1«2•• ICllD--. --·-~ -""'XnSamt BBCD PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM I ~ 1YIO PUMPS ARf SHOWN. ONE IS I OPERATING AHO ONE IS A SPARE. ---110!! _...,..,_, iiiiiii"ft DM•ft ~ IIAll: _..._ PFD-203 -~-=-1
jowG PFD-203)----7 FROM BBCD I CONDENSATE TRANSFER PUMP ~ CENTRIFUGE FEED TANK I --< DWG PFD-205 I I LIGHT ORGANICS ~~~ TO LBCD ORGANIC ,-CENTRIFUGE FEED TANK i .._ ____ __. i ,------{DWG PFD-2021 1 1 ___ -1 . FROM CBCD I .,, ____J SYSTEM I e, I I ~I I I ~,· I r------, ~ I I PROCESS CONDENSATE SEPARATION SYSTEM ·w .,,.1•1 L-➔ h I ,-CENTRIFUGE I . I : I FEED PVMP -7 ---r====------==---~-----------1 ' ------------------i ! ------------~-~----<owG PFD-2051 j ! i---T7 C7 i · .. ! --f~ ! I I !7 I ' L-r-$ $ L ~ /ffijJ ~ j ! FROM ORGANICS TRANSFER TANK r--<DWG PFD-205 j I , rNDENSATE1 I COLLECTION I ~ I .-_j I -I I ~ ~ _1 I I ! . f ::-:-----, I r-l ----'-"'-'-'-I I I I I I I l I I I i I I i I I , I I ~-.lll.l.L.UllNC L I I _ ........... ..LU..illill I I I I _LLl-I ___ _1 1· _-1 t..i__f~ 7-_J Fl~~JtED i i I I _--1---I I L@""_j r---L7 i CONDENSATE ' I I -~~ ' L--{D £llMf:i ~ wG Pm-20sl , PRECOAT FEED TO BBCD L I ..EUMl:S --i_ I ____ _j -7 r-----4---------------------------------------------------------------------J i L ________ 7 AQUEOUS PHASE I I TREATMENT SYSTEM I i ! TO LBCD ORGANIC FEED TANK LEGEND: ~-71--~,.....a..-SAN-P FlLTER-----.~---------------1 -----' _ _j .____ __ __,J --~-7 --1--------{ OWG PFD-206 > R.E.. IQ a NA ~ BACKWASH. PUMPS Q.Bfillli .cAR.BQN TO WATER STORAGE TANK ------------SCI.I)~ -----------UQUD --·--·--·---·-QI,$.~ AOUEUOS PHASE TREATMENT FEED .E.UMeS L _______ ~ACKWASH ---__ --< DWG PFD-206 I ---··-----··-··-··-CXl0UC .ml ETG ENVIROMENT AL, INC. N0ITH CAROUNA DEPAIINDIT Of EIMRONIIOIT AHO NATUIW. RESOURCES DIVISION Of WASTE IIANAGEIIENT WARREN COUNTY PCB LAHDFlll DETOXIFICATION PROJECT BrA~~ =w= ~ =w= w-ew-Barnes. Ferland and AssoaalRs. Inc. FROM WATER STORAGE TANK PROCESS CONDENSATE SEPARATION AQUEOUS PHASE TREATMENT SYSTEM PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM ---------1~ I W1E!E 1WO P\MPS NI£ Sl«lWN. ONE IS OPOIAlNl NID ONE IS A SPARE. DRAWNJ-~ PIID.E:TIIQ.: --_..., COi _..., 1'IIC .._ ... Ni DltA~fll.e -.,..., DATE _ .... PF-204 -9<L§..::. ; I I
--------·-· ,-----< OWG PF0-2O3 I i I I I I I I i FROM BBCO CENTRIFUGE I ( OWG PF0-2O4 II FROM FILTRATE STORAGE TANK i .L6CD ORGANIC mp .JAN.K ~ CATALYSTS I I I I I I L0=17~• I • • I I I I CAUSTIC I I CATALYSTS j FEED PUMP j i FEED PUMP L __ J;u--------1 i i CARRY OIL .JAN.K .LaCD ,,, • ------7 1r---7 i I I I I I I I I ! i I i i I I i i i I ORGANICS TRANSFER .mm ~ i i i r--------~ _J ORGANIC I I I '1 -----------i FEED PUMP : i i I CARRY OIL TANK PUMP I I I i I -~ ORGANICS TRANSFER .E!.!.ME ACID NEUTRALIZATION r-~---s I TO CBCO FTO .LaCD REACTOR le J ___ ¥___ ! ,,--~----tJ I I I HEA))NG/c:OQUNG i . I i jl ..!.lli.!I I I I I I I t I ! 011--< OWG PFD-204 I CHILLER CIRCUIT CONDENSATE TANK 1/3 ---w-_J ' i I . . I L________ j REACTOR TRANSFER ..Pl.lMP ______________ j i I I i i I I I I i I I I I I I i i ,----£B-J ____ j I ~ ---------1 CONDENSATE ______________ _ ' BIMI' ----. I --L_ ___________________________ _ ~ CAROUNA DEPAIINEKT OF CIMROHIIOO NCI NATURAL RESOUIIC[S .BrA.~~ ~ LBCD L -4 TO CONDENSATE COLLECTION TANK ETG ENVIROMENTAL. INC. DIVISION Of WASTE IIANAGEIIENT WARREN COUNTY PCB LANOFlU. DETOXIFlCATION PROJECT .._..wcwa~w-Barnes, Faland and A.ssodalles, Inc. PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM TREATED ORGANIC .JAN.K i i L ___ EP--ffllI[; .IB.EAJEQ ~ PUMP LEGEND: n.n. IQ ... S0ll)IWOll,II. ----------UQUI) ..... ._ 000UNO IIIO!ll ..assamt WHERE TWO PUMPS Nl£ SHOWN, ONE IS OPERATING NiO ONE IS A SPARE. DIIAWINQ -~ DATE _,.,_ ,m.ECTIIQ..: ---_.,, aM PFD-205 _ _,, TIIC -_ _,, HI ~--Ra -.,..., 9/LJF_-=-
_ _,,, ~ FROM DUPLEX OIL PUMPS CBCD I ( DWG PF0-203 I FROM DUPLEX OIL PUMPS BBCD ~ DWG PF0-2O2 ) a No. ma OJLTmK D -I TO CBCD DUPLEX FUEL PUMPS NITROGEN CYLINDERS ~ ~--.,; .____. .._ 1--------DWG PF0-2O2 TO CBCD SEALS & WESP DWG PF0-2O3 ) TO BBCD DUPLEX FUEL PUMPS ~ TO CBCD PROPANE TANK DWG PFD-203 TO BBCD TO EMERGENCY GENERATOR TO CBCD TO BBCD ) TO CBCD YRS PLANT AIR COMPRESSOR ..._ WITH DESICCANT DRYER •-----BY t==TOBBCDVRS TO GENERAL PURPOSE PLANT TO PCSAPT TO LBCD ETG ENVIROMENTAL. INC. N0RTII CAROUNA DD'AIITWENT Of ENVIRONIIEHT AND NAlURAL IIES0URCES DIVISION ~ WAST£ MANAGEMENT WARREN COUNTY PCB UNDFIU. DETOXIFICATION PROJECT ( DWG PF0-2O2 h TO CBCD I I I ( DWG PF0-2O3 H TO BBCD t I I I I I FROM COOLING -··-··-··-··,--------FROM TREATED TOWER STORMWATER I I I I I CITY I MAKE-UP ------r ---_ FROM WATER I PCSAPT WATER STORAGE TANK ~ --cT\__ -,-! ~ I ._ _____ _. I TREATED WATER I I FEED PUMP I L---L()-_J TREATED WATER FEED PUMP .lll"AE.nvironmen1al CoosuJtants ~ z:.w;a ~ ~ Barnes. Fflriand and Associates. Inc. COMMON SYSTEMS PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM LEGEND: RE.. N2.,,. -----------SlUI ---------UCIUD -----·--··-·· --C00UC -------PIICCDS.ml _ .... DIIAWM -'!QI Dot.TE -...:,110., ~ C[H PFD-206 __ ..., 1WC I ........ _.,. .... w .. 111.e -ICM.els -...:..t,. -1-
APPENDIX A
MANUFACTURERS CBCD PERFORMANCE INFORMATION
(To be provided by Contractor)
APPENDIXB
BBCD PERFORMANCE INFORMATION
(To be provided by Contractor)
APPENDIXC
BCD LIQUID DETROXIFICATION PERFORMANCE INFORMATION
(To be provided by Contractor)
APPENDIXD
STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA AIR REGULATIONS
ENR -ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2D .1100
SECTION .1100 -CONTROL OF TOXIC AIR POLLUTANTS
.1101 PURPOSE
This Section sets forth the rules for the control of toxic air pollutants to
protect human health.
History Note: Statutory Authority G.S. 143-215.3(a)(l);
143-215.107(a)(l),(3),(4),(5); 143B-282;
Elf. May 1, 1990 .
. 1102 APPLICABILITY
(a) The toxic air pollutant rules in this Section apply to all facilities
that emit a toxic air pollutant that are required to have a permit under
15A NCAC 2Q .0700.
(b) Sources at facilities subject to this Section shall comply with the
requirements of this Section as well as with any applicable requirements
in Sections .0500, .0900, and .1200.
History Note: Authority G.S. 143-215.3(a)(l); 143-
215.107(a)(l),(3),(4),(5); 143B-282; S. L. 1989, C. 168,
s. 45;
Elf. May 1, 1990.
Amended Eff. July 1, 1998, December 1, 1991 .
. 1103 DEFINITION
For the purpose of this Section, the following definitions apply:
(1) "Asbestos" means asbestos fibers as defined in 40 CFR 61.141.
(2) UCAS Number" means the Chemical Abstract Service registry
number identifying a particular substance.
(3) "Cresol" means o-cresol, p-cresol, m-cresol or any combination of
these compounds.
(4) "GACT" means any generally available control technology
emission standard applied to an area source or facility pursuant
to Section 112 of the federal Clean Air Act.
(5) "Hexane isomers except n-hexane" means 2-methyl pentane, 3-
methyl pentane, 2,2-dimethyl butane, 2,3-dimethyl butane, or
any combination of these compounds.
(6) "MACT" means any maximum achievable control technology
emission standard applied to a source or facility pursuant to
Section 112 of the federal Clean Air Act.
NORTH CAROLINA ADMINISTRATIVE CODE
S 37 D-1100-1
ENR-ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2D .1100
(7) "Polychlorinated biphenyls" means any chlorinated biphenyl
compound or mixture of chlorinated biphenyl compounds.
(8) "Toxic air pollutant" means any of those carcinogens, chronic
toxicants, acute systemic toxicants, or acute irritants listed in
Rule .1104 of this Section.
History Note: Authority G.S. 143-213; 143-215.3(a)(l); 143B-282; S. L.
1989, C. 168, s. 45;
Eff. May 1, 1990;
Amended Eff. July 1, 1998 .
. 1104 TOXIC AIR POLLUTANT GUIDELINES
A facility shall not emit any of the following toxic air pollutants in
such quantities that may cause or contribute beyond the premises
(adjacent property boundary} to any significant ambient air
concentration that may adversely affect human health. In determining
these significant ambient air concentrations, the Division shall be
guided by the following list of acceptable ambient levels in milligrams
per cubic meter at 77° F (25 ° C} and 29.92 inches (760 mm) of mercury
pressure (except for asbestos}:
Pollutant (CAS Number) Annual 24-hour
(Carcin-(Chronic
ogens) Toxicants)
acetaldehyde (7 5-07-0)
acetic acid (64-19-7)
acrolein (l 07-02-8)
acrvlonitrile (l 07-13-1) 1.5 X 10-4
ammonia (7664-41-7)
ammonium chromate (7788-6.2x 10·4
98-9)
ammonium dichromate 6.2 X 10-4
(7789-09-5)
aniline (62-53-3)
arsenic and inorganic 2.3 X 10·7
arsenic comoounds
NORTH CAROLINA ADMINISTRATIVE CODE
S 37
1-hour 1-hour
(Acute (Acute
Systemic Irritants)
Toxicants)
27
3.7
0.08
2.7
1
D-1100-2
ENR -ENVIRONMENT AL MANAGEMENT
Pollutant (CAS Number) Annual 24-hour
(Carcin-(Chronic
ogens) Toxicants)
asbestos (1332-21-4) 2.8 X 10'11
fibers/ml
aziiidine 051-56-4) 0.006
benzene (71-43-2) 1.2 X 10-4
benzidine and salts 1.5 X 10'8
(92-87-5)
benzo(a)ovrene (50-32-8) 3.3 X 10'5
benzvl chloride (100-44-7)
beryllium (7 440-41-7) 4.1 X 10'6
beryllium chloride 4.1 X 10-6
(7787-47-5)
beryllium fluoride 4.1 X 10'6
(7787-49-7)
beryllium nitrate 4.1 X 10-6
(13597-99-4)
bis-chloromethyl ether 3.7 X 10'7
(542-88-1)
bromine (7726-95-6)
1,3-butadiene (106-99-0) 1.7 X 10-4
cadmium (7 440-43-9) 5.5 X 10-6
cadmium acetate (543-90-8) 5.5 X lQ-6
cadmium bromide 5.5 X 10-6
(7789-42-6)
calciwn chromate 8.3 X 10.a
(13765-19-0)
carbon disulfide (75-15-0) 0.186
carbon tetrachloride 6.7 X 10"3
(56-23-5)
chlorine (7782-50-5) 0.0375
chlorobenzene (108-90-7) 2.2
chloroform (67-66-3) 4.3 X 10'3
NORTH CAROLINA ADMINISTRATIVE CODE
S 37
2D .1100
1-hour 1-hour
(Acute (Acute
Systemic Irritants)
Toxicants)
0.5
0.2
0.9
D-1100-3
ENR -ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
Pollutant (CAS Number) Annual 24-hour
(Carcin-(Chronic
ogens) Toxicants)
chloroorene (126-99-8) 0.44
chromic acid (7738-94-5) 6.2 X 10-4
chromium (VI) 8.3 X 10-8
cresol (1319-77-3)
p-dichlorobenzene
(106-46-7)
dichlorodifluoromethane 248
(75-71-8)
dichlorofluoromethane 0.5
(75-43-4)
di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate 0.03
(117-81 -7)
dimethyl sulfate (77-78-1) 0.003
1.4-dioxane (123-91-1) 0.56
epichlorohydrin 8.3 X 10'2
(106-89-8)
ethyl acetate (141-78-6)
ethylenediamine 0.3
(107-15-3)
ethylene dibromide 4.0 X 10-4
(106-93-4)
ethylene dichloride 3.8 X 1Q·3
(107-06-2)
ethylene glycol monoethyl 0.12
ether (110-80-5)
ethylene oxide (7 5-21-8) 2.7 X 10·5
ethyl mercaotan (75-08-1)
fluorides 0.016
formaldehyde (50-00-0)
hexachlorocyclopentadiene 0.0006
(77-47-4)
NORTH CAROLINA AD}..flNISTRA TIVE CODE
S 37
2D .1100
1-hour 1-hour
(Acute (Acute
Systemic Irritants)
Toxicants)
3.5
2.2
66
140
2.5
1.9
0.1
0.25
0.15
0.01
D-1100-4
ENR -ENVIRONlvIBNTAL MANAGEMENT
Pollutant (CAS Number) Annual 24-hour
(Carcin-(Chronic
ogens) Toxicants)
hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 7.6 X 10°"
(57653-85-7)
n-hexane (110-54-3) 1.1
hexane isomers except
n-hexane
hydrazine (302-01-2) 0.0006
hydrogen chloride
(7647-01-0)
hydrogen cyanide (7 4-90-8) 0.14
hydrogen fluoride 0.03
(7664-39-3)
hydrogen sulfide
(7783-06-4)
rnaleic anhydride 0.012
(108-31-6)
manganese and compounds 0.031
manganese 0.0006
cyclopentadienyl
tricarbonyl (12079-65-1)
manganese tetroxide 0.0062
(1317-35-7)
mercurv, alkyl 0.00006
mercury, aryl and inorganic 0.0006
comoounds
mercurv, vapor (7439-97-6) 0.0006
methyl chloroform 12
(71-55-6)
methylene chloride 2.4 X 10"2
(75-09-2)
methyl ethyl ketone 3.7
(78-93-3)
methyl isobutyl ketone 2.56
'108-10-1)
NORTH CAROLINA ADMINISTRATIVE CODE
S 37
2D .1100
1-hour 1-hour
(Acute (Acute
Systemic Irritants)
Toxicants)
360
0.7
1.1
0.25
2.1
0.1
245
1.7
88.5
30
D-1100-5
ENR -ENVIRONMENT AL MANAGEMENT
Pollutant (CAS Number) Annual 24-hour
(Carcin-(Chronic
ogens) Toxicants)
methvl mercaotan (74-93-1)
nickel carbonyl 0.0006
(13463-39-3)
nickel metal (7 440-02-0) 0.006
nickel. soluble compounds, 0.0006
as nickel
nickel subsulfide 2.1 X 10"6
(12035-72-2)
nitric acid (7697-37-2)
nitrobenzene (98-95-3) 0.06
N -nitrosodimethylamine 5.0 X 10"5
(62-75-9)
pentachlorophenol 0.003
(87-86-5)
perchloroethylene 1.9 X 10"1
(127 -18-4)
phenol (108-95-2)
phosgene (75-44-5) 0.0025
phosphine (7803-51-2)
polychlorinated biphenyls 8.3 X 1Q·5
(1336-36-3)
potassium chromate 6.2 X 10-4
(7789-00-6)
potassium dichromate 6.2 X 1Q·4
(7778-50-9)
sodium chromate 6.2 X 10-4
(7775-11-3)
sodium dichromate 6.2 X 10◄
(10588-01-9)
strontium chromate 8.3 X 10~
(7789-06-2)
stvrene (100-42-5)
NORTH CAROLINA ADMINISTRATIVE CODE
S 37
2D .1100
1-hour 1-hour
(Acute (Acute
Systemic Irritants)
Toxicants)
0.05
1
0.5
0.025
0.95
0.13
10.6
D-1100-6
ENR -ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2D .1100
Pollutant (CAS Number) Annual 24-hour 1-hour I-hour
(Carcin-(Chronic (Acute (Acute
ogens) Toxicants) Systemic Irritants)
Toxicants)
sulfuric acid (7664-93-9) 0.012 0.1
tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 3.0 X 10·9
(1746-01-6)
1, 1, l ,2-tetrachloro-2,2,-52
difluoroethane (76-11-9)
1, 1,2,2-tetrachloro-l ,2 -52
difluoroethane (76-12-0)
1, 1,2,2-tetrachloroethane 6.3 X 1Q·3
(79-34-5)
toluene (108-88-3) 4.7 56
toluene diisocyanate, 2,4-
(584-84-9) and 2,6-0.0002
(91-08-7) isomers
trichloroethylene (79-01-6) 5.9 X 10'2
trichlorofluoromethane 560
(75-69-4)
l .l ,2-trichloro-1,2,2-950
trifluoroethane (76-13-1)
vinyl chloride (75-01-4) 3.8 X 10-4
vinylidene chloride 0.12
(75-35-4)
xvlene (1330-20-7) 2.7 65
zinc chromate 03530-65-9) 8.3 X 1Q·8
History Note: Authority G.S. 143-215.3(a)(l); 143-215.107(a)(3),(4),(5);
143B-282; S. L. 1989, C. 168, S. 45;
Elf. May 1, 1990;
Amended Eff. July 1, 1998, September 1, 1992; March 1,
1992 .
. 1105 FACILITY REPORTING, RECORDKEEPING
The Director may require, according to Section .0600 of this
Subchapter, the owner or operator of a source subject to this Section to
monitor emissions of toxic air pollutants, to maintain records of these
NORTH CAROLINA ADMINISTRATIVE CODE
S 37 D-1100-7
ENR -ENVIRONMENT AL MANAGEMENT 2D .1100
emissions, and to report these emissions. The owner or operator of any
toxic air pollutant emission source subject to the requirements of this
Section shall comply with the monitoring, recordkeeping, and reporting
requirements in Section .0600 of this Subchapter.
History Note: Authority G.S. 143-215.3(a)(l); 143-215.107(a)(4),(5);
143B-282;
Eff. May 1, 1990:
Amended Eff. April 1, 1999; October 1, 1991 .
. 1106 DETERMINATION OF AMBIENT AIR CONCENTRATION
(a) Modeling shall not be used for enforcement. Modeling shall be
used to determine process operational and air pollution control
parameters and emission rates for toxic air pollutants to place in the air
quality permit for that facility that will prevent any of the acceptable
ambient levels in Rule .1104 of this Section from being exceeded, with
such exceptions as may be allowed under 1 SA NCAC 2Q .0700.
Enforcing these permit stipulations and conditions shall be the
mechanism used to ensure that the requirements of Rule .1104 of this
Section, with such exceptions as may be allowed by ISA NCAC 2Q
.0700. are met.
(b) The owner or operator of the facility may request the Division to
perform a modeling analysis of the facility or provide the analysis
himself. If the owner or operator of the facility requests the Division to
perform the modeling analysis, he shall provide emissions rates, stack
parameters, and other information that the Division needs to do the
modeling. The data that the owner or operator of the facility provides
the Division to use in the model or in deriving the data used in the
model shall be the process, operational and air pollution control
equipment parameters and emission rates that will be contained in the
facility's permit. If the Division's initial review of the modeling request
indicates extensive or inappropriate use of state resources or if the
Division's modeling analysis fails to show compliance with the
acceptable ambient levels in Rule .1104 of this Section, the modeling
demonstration becomes the responsibility of the owner or operator of
the facility.
(c) When the owner or operator of the facility is responsible for
providing the modeling demonstration and the data used in the
modeling, the owner or operator of the facility shall use in the model or
in deriving data used in the model the process operational and air
pollution control equipment parameters and emission rates that will be
NORTH CAROLINA ADMmISTRA TIVE CODE
S 37 D-1100-8
ENR -ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2D .1100
contained in his permit. Sources that are not required to be included in
the model will not be included in the permit to emit toxic air pollutants.
(d) For the following pollutants, modeled emission rates shall be
based on the highest emissions occurring in any single 15 minute
period. The resultant modeled 1-hour concentrations shall then be
compared to the applicable 1-hour acceptable ambient levels to
determine compliance. These pollutants are:
(1) acetaldehyde (75-07-0)
(2) acetic acid (64-19-7)
(3) acrolein (107-02-8)
( 4) ammonia (7664-41-7)
(5) bromine (7726-95-6)
(6) chlorine (7782-50-5)
(7) formaldehyde (50-00-0)
(8) hydrogen chloride (7647-01-0)
(9) hydrogen fluoride (7664-39-3)
(10) nitric acid (7697-37-2)
(e) The owner or operator of the facility and the Division may use any
model allowed by 40 CFR 51.166(1) provided that the model is
appropriate for the facility being modeled. The owner or operator or the
Division may use a model other than one allowed by 40 CFR 51.166(1)
provided that the Director determines that the model is equivalent to the
model allowed by 40 CFR 51.166(1). Regardless of model used, the owner
or operator and the Division shall model for cavity effects and shall
comply with the modeling requirements for stack height set out in Rule
.0533 of this Subchapter.
(t) Ambient air concentrations are to be evaluated for annual periods
over a calendar year, for 24-hour periods from midnight to midnight, and
for one-hour periods beginning on the hour.
(g) The owner or operator of the facility shall identify each toxic air
pollutant emitted and its corresponding emission rate using mass
balancing analysis, source testing, or other methods that the Director
may approve as providing an equivalently accurate estimate of the
emission rate.
(h) The owner or operator of the facility shall submit a modeling plan
to the Director and shall have received approval of that plan from the
Director before submitting a modeling demonstration to the Director.
The modeling plan shall include:
(1) a diagram of the plant site, including locations of all stacks and
associated buildings;
(2) on-site building dimensions;
NORTH CAROLINA ADMINISTRATIVE CODE
S 37 D-1100-9
ENR -ENVIRONMENT AL MA.l\lAGEMENT 2D .1100
(3) a diagram showing property boundaries, including a scale, key
and north indicator;
(4) the location of the site on a United States Geological Survey
(USGS) map;
(5) discussion of good engineering stack height and building wake
effects for each stack;
(6) discussion of cavity calculations, impact on rolling and complex
terrain, building wake effects, and urban/rural considerations;
(7) discussion of reasons for model selection;
(8) discussion of meteorological data to be used;
(9) discussion of sources emitting the pollutant that are not to be
included in the model with an explanation of why they are being
excluded (i.e . why the source will not affect the modeling
analysis); and
(1 O) any other pertinent information.
History Note: Authority G.S. 143-215.3(a)(l); 143-215.107(a)(3), (5);
143B-282; S. L. 1989, C. 168, S. 45;
Eff. May 1, 1990;
Amended Eff July 1, 1998.
NORTH CAROLINA ADMINISTRATIVE CODE
S 37
[pages 11 thru 16 reserved]
D-1100-10
ENR -ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2Q .0700
.0711 EMISSION RA TES REQUIRING A PERMIT
A permit to emit toxic air pollutants shall be required for any facility whose
actual (or permitted if higher) rate of emissions from all sources are greater than
any one of the following toxic air pollutant permitting emissions rates:
Pollutant (CAS Number) Carcinogens
lb/yr
acetaldehvde (75-07-0)
acetic acid (64-19-7)
acrolein ( 107-02-8)
acrylonitrile (107-13-1) 10
ammonia (7664-41-7)
ammonium chromate
(7788-98-9)
ammonium dichromate
(7789-09-5)
aniline (62-53-3)
arsenic and inorganic arsenic 0.016
compounds
asbestos (1332-21-4) 1.9 X 10·6
aziridine (151-56-4)
benzene (71-43-2) 8.1
benzidine and salts 0.0010
(92-87-5)
benzo(a)pyrene (50-32-8) 2.2
benzy l chloride (100-44-7)
beryllium (7 440-41-7) 0.28
beryllium chloride 0.28
(7787-47-5)
beryllium fluoride 0.28
(7787-49-7)
NORTH CAROLINA ADM!NISTRA TIVE CODE
S 36
Chronic Acute Acute
Toxicants Systemic Irritants
Toxicants
lb/day lb/hr lb/hr
6.8
0.96
0.02
0.68
0.013
0.013
0.25
0.13
0.13
Q-700-23
ENR -ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
Pollutant (CAS Number) Carcinogens
lb/vr
beryllium nitrate 0.28
(13597-99-4)
bis-chloromethyl ether 0.025
(542-88-1)
bromine (7726-95-6)
1,3-butadiene (106-99-0) 12
cadmium (7440-43-9) 0.37
cadmium acetate 0.37
(543-90-8)
cadmium bromide 0.37
(7789-42-6)
calcium chromate 0.0056
(13765-19-0)
carbon disulfide (75-15-0)
carbon tetrachloride 460
(56-23-5)
chlorine (7782-50-5)
chlorobenzene ( 108-90-7)
chloroform (67-66-3) 290
chloroprene (126-99-8)
chromic acid (7783-94-5)
chromium (vi) 0.0056
cresol(1319-77-3)
p-dichlorobenzene
(106-46-7)
dichlorodifluoromethane
(75-71-8)
dichlorofluoromethane
(75-43-4)
NORTII CAROLINA ADMlNISTRATIVE CODE
S 36
2Q .0700
Chronic Acute Acute
Toxicants Systemic Irritants
Toxicants
lb/day lb/hr lb/hr
0.052
3.9
0.79 0.23
46
9.2 0.89
0.013
0.56
16.8
5200
10
Q-700-24
ENR -ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
Pollutant (CAS Number) Carcinogens
lb/yr
di(2-ethy lbexy l)phthalate
(117-81-7)
dimethvl sulfate (77-78-1)
1.4-dioxane ( 123-91-1)
epichlorohydrin (106-89-8) 5600
ethvl acetate (141-78-6)
ethvlenediamine (107-15-3)
ethylene di bromide 27
(106-93-4)
ethylene dichloride 260
(107-06-2)
ethylene glycol monoethyl
ether (110-80-5)
ethylene oxide (75-21-8) 1.8
ethyl mercaotan (75-08-1)
fluorides
formaldehyde (50-00-0)
hexachlorocyclopentadiene
(77-47-4)
hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 0.0051
(57653-85-7)
n-hexane (110-54-3)
hexane isomers except
n-hexane
hydrazine (302-01-2)
hydrogen chloride
(7647-01-0)
hvdro2en cvanide <74-90-8)
NORTH CAROLINA ADMINISTRATIVE CODE
S 36
2Q .0700
Chronic Acute Acute
Toxicants Systemic Initants
Tox.icants
lb/day lb/hr lb/hr
0.63
0.063
12
36
6.3 0.64
2.5 0.48
0.025
0.34 0.064
0.04
0.013 0.0025
23
92
0.013
0.18
2.9 0.28
Q-700-25
ENR -ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
Pollutant (CAS Number) Carcinogens
lb/vr
hydrogen fluoride
(7664-39-3)
hydrogen sulfide
(7783-06-4)
maleic anhydride
(108-31-6)
manganese and compounds
manganese cyclopentadienyl
tricarbonvl (12079-65-1)
manganese tetroxide
(1317-35 -7)
mercury, alkyl
mercury, aryl and inorganic
compounds
mercury , vapor (7439-97-6)
methyl chlorofonn
(71-55-6)
methylene chloride 1600
(75-09-2)
methyl ethyl ketone
(78-93-3)
methyl isobutyl ketone
(108-10-1)
methylrnercaptan
(74-93-1)
nickel carbonyl
(13463-39-3)
nickel metal
(7 440-02-0)
nickel, soluble compounds,
as nickel
NORTII CAROLrnA ADMINISTRATIVE CODE
S 36
2Q.0700
Chronic Acute Acute
Toxicants Systemic Irritants
Toxicants
lb/dav lb/hr lb/hr
0.63 0.064
0.52
0.25 0.025
0.63
0.013
0.13
0.0013
0.013
0.013
250 64
0.39
78 22.4
52 7.6
0.013
0.013
0.13
0.013
Q-700-26
ENR -ENVIRONMENT AL MANAGEME!'rr
Pollutant (CAS Number) Carcinogens
lb/yr
nickel subsulfide 0.14
(12035-72-2)
nitric acid (7697-37-2)
nitrobenzene (98-95-3)
N-nitrosodimethylamine 3.4
(62-75-9)
pentachlorophenol
(87-86-5)
perchloroethylene 13000
(127-18-4)
phenol (108-95-2)
ohosgene (75-44-5)
phosphine (7803-51-2)
polychlorinated biphenyls 5.6
(1336-36-3)
potassium chromate
(7789-00-6)
potassium dichromate
(7778-50-9)
sodium chromate
(7775-11-3)
sodium dichromate
(10588-01-9)
strontium chromate 0.0056
(7789-06-2)
stvrene (100-42-5)
sulfuric acid (7664-93-9)
tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 0.00020
(1746-01-6)
NORTII CAROLINA ADMINISTRATIVE CODE
S 36
2Q .0700
Chronic Acute Acute
Toxicants Systemic Irritants
Toxicants
lb/day lb/hr lb/hr
0.256
1.3 0.13
0.063 0.0064
0.24
0.052
0.032
0.013
0.013
0.013
0.013
2.7
0.25 0.025
Q-700-27
ENR -ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2Q .0700
Pollutant (CAS Number) Carcinogens Chronic Acute Acute
Toxicants Systemic Irritants
Toxicants
lb/vr lb/day lb/hr lb/hr
1,1,1,2-tetrachloro-2,2,-1100
difluoroethane (76-11-9)
1, 1,2,2-tetrachloro-1,2-1100
difluoroethane (76-12-0)
1, 1,2,2-tetrachloroethane 430
(79-34-5)
toluene (108-88-3) 98 14.4
toluene diisocyanate,2,4-0.003
(584-84-9) and 2,6-
(91-08-7) isomers
trichloroethylene (79-01-6) 4000
trichlorofluoromethane 140
(75-69-4)
l, l ,2-trichloro-1,2,2-240
trifluoroethane (76-13-1)
vinyl chloride (75-01-4) 26
vinylidene chloride 2.5
(75-35-4)
xylene (1330-20-7) 57 16.4
zinc chromate (13530-65-9) 0.0056
History Note: Authority G.S. 143-215.3(a)(1);143-215.108; 143B-282;
S.L. 1989, C. 168, S.45;
EJJ. July 1 , 1998;
Rule originally codified as part of 15A NCAC 2H .0610 .
. 0712 CALLS BY THE DIRECTOR
Notwithstanding any other provision of this Section or 15A NCAC 2D .1104,
upon a written fmding that a source or facility emitting toxic air pollutants
presents an unacceptable risk to human health based on the acceptable ambient
levels in 15A NCAC 2D .1104 or epidemiology studies, the Director may require
the owner or operator of the source or facility to submit a permit application to
NORTH CAROLINA ADMINISTRATIVE CODE
S 36
Q-700-28
ENR -ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2Q.0700
comply with 15A NCAC 2D .1100 for any or all of the toxic air pollutants emitted
from the facility.
History Note: Authority G.S. 143-215.3(a)(l); 143-215.108; 143B-282;
S. L 1989, C. 168, S. 45;
Eff. July 1, 1998.
Rule originally codified as pan of ISA NCAC 2H .0610 .
. 0713 POLLUTANTS WITH OTHERWISE APPLICABLE FEDERAL
STANDARDS OR REQUIREMENTS
(a) Tiris Rule applies to the establishment of emission limitations or any other
requirements pursuant to the requirements of this Section or 15A NCAC 2D .1100
for which a standard or requirement has been promulgated under Section 112 of
the federal Clean Air Act including those contained in 15A NCAC 2D .1110 and
.1111.
(b) For each facility subject to emission standards or requirements under
Section 112 of the federal Clean Air Act, permits issued or revised according to
Section .0500 of this Subchapter shall contain specific conditions that:
( 1) reflect applicability criteria no less stringent than those in the otherwise
applicable federal standards or requirements;
(2) require levels of control for each affected facility and source no less
stringent than those contained in the otherwise applicable federal
standards or requirements;
(3) require compliance and enforcement measures for each facility and
source no less stringent than those in the otherwise applicable federal
standards or requirements;
(4) express levels of control, compliance, and enforcement measures in the
same form and units of measure as the otherwise applicable federal
standards or requirements; and
(5) assure compliance by each affected facility no later than would be
required by the otherwise applicable federal standard or requirement.
History Note: Authority G.S. 143-215.3(a)(l); 143-215.108; 143B-282;
S. L 1989, C. 168, S. 45,·
Eff. July 1, 1998.
NORTH CAROLINA ADMINISTRATIVE CODE
S 36
Q-700-29
APPENDIXE
HISTORICAL SOIL DATA
E
'Attachment 1
Oct·ober 19, · 1978
.·
MEMO TO: Hr. Robert A. Carttµ:
FROH: Ray E. Kelling, L::iboratoey Section
SUBJECT: PCB Results· ~ Warren County Test Cleanup
.r ·•. .. ,
Give.u below are the PCB results foT the Warren County Test Clecll'lup
taken on October 5, 1978. All results are qua!ltitatecl on the PCS-
Aroclor 1260,
(1) (2) (3) (4) . (5)
A 170 r,;/kg 3.8 mg/kg 210 :ng/kg 41 n:g/kg 10' ~g/kp,
B 0.13 I:'.g/Jr.g 33 cg/kg 3liO t1g/kg 6 ·1:.g/kg 0.25 rog/1:g
C <100 JJg/kg 0.33 I!lg/kg <190 ~g/!c.g <100 11g/kg <100 µg/kf,
& D 41µg/l 150 µg/1 75 NJ,/1 127 -µg/1
~
Wash dow0 Storage Pllc
<0. 77 J.!Z/l (1) 290 mg/kg
(2) 270 mg/kg
(3) 380 bg/kg
(L1) 210 Dl"/kcr ~
0 :,
(5) 270 l!\g/kg
Special 1 130 \.lg/kg
II 2 77 wg/kg
ti 3 330 mg/kg
Background l <100 JJg/kg ,, 2. <l~S iig/kg
FRON 919?153685
,.
,· 1:. ' . I . ' . ' . ' '1
SOLID WASTE OIU 08.12.1999 P. 19
; '
ENGINEERING-T STING-INSPECTION
I I : :
3109 Sprl~g Fore~t Road, Box 58089, Ralelgh1 Nq 7658-8089, Phone (91Q) 872•2B80
I ' I : !! I ! :1
•I
i :i I : :: :
November 16~ 1982
Sv rdr·jp end. Pa~cJ1L; end .~ssoclates, In~.
221 · W~t Meedow,vl~ Rcati
Sul o 1,4 , i [i
1 ! Gr 'ens oro, Nortr . arotlr\a 27l.!07
. , I
Att. ntlon: Mr, ~r{ k Ra(ney 1/1"'.><. I , , i , ,
Re renb
1
e: MoistGrfui! Cont~nt Profiles
PCB ~e dflll ~ta
i Afton, orth arollna
S&MEi J~. No, 051-82-2Si-A
• I I ; !:
: I : l
Ce · tlem~n: · , ; : , I : i: : i .
Soll ~n . Mat~rlal, Inc. has completec:1 the authorize sol! test
!thin th d spose~ soils, Four sells test t=>prlngs · were dr lied at the
coordln~t\ wlthlt the landflll site, ! j
i I
8-1
9-2
B-3
B-l.!
1: ;,
' N-1031 O E-9770
N .. 10310 E .. 9830
N-10163 5 .. 9aoo
N-10050 E-9800
; I
; t
be! w i • exist~~~ !~~~\.~.''"§~11~-•i;oo~d~~:c;,1n;J ,~•~~hc~r~~n!: !~t1,25At~~
o .. 586 twas lnlt!at~d at .~ depth of S feet In eac boring and c ntlnued at
f"..e · ular Intervals l to:1 the t~rmlnatlon depth of each I:) ring.
. YlsuJ1 ~esc:rl~tlons o; soll.s . . '. In the
ar p sented ~n IT the ~nclcsed Test Boring ~ cords,
co tent !re pr~seUted In tabular form and are p esented
fu · ctlo of depth, !f ! : l ; :i ,: : t I , . •
soil t st borings
I n .. slt moisture
g rap lcally as a
Beca~sf of th:e random nature of the PpB ladden soils which have
be n paced In tba Jmdfll,l, estimation of the degree~1 of saturc:ition s somewhat dlf lclll • Howev~rj! with the exception of samples i btalned from 1 ,s to 20.0
foe an n to 2~.~i feet In boring B-2, 18,5 to 2~.o foet In borln 8-3, and
9, to O, S feet In iborlng B-~, the soil sempl~s ap:~ear to be on t e order of
60 to 71: percent; sqfuratad, Soll samples obtc1lnod :~r.om the depths· pr~vlously
In teat d appear, to; be tocallzeci zonos which are n:e:ar saturation,~ These wet
z_o . es re like ly ia r,osult .of r<llnfall which occurreq lat that partic lar level of
ftll ng pr the:--,infl~rlon of true!~ loads of soll thr wer~ obtalne from wet
I . II ' I
,, ..
.,
FROM 919?153695 SOLID WASTE OI U
~verd~ p ~di P8rcel i & i~ssoc ,
Noveri, er 16,!19B2 ; Ii :
Page : 2 : ~i
i 11
' •I ., ;; :!
f i1
areas the road~a~.
98.12.1999 10:45
' ii ' i ,. •
Soll and f M~tcrlal j Engineers, Inc. apprecl~ es the opport assist . ou ~In this pro)~ct. ;1 f t here are questions ~ ncernlng this please ontrc:t us at yoU r conyenlence. i
I iii : ~ i 1 : 1: Verv, y ourF> I , : 'I : I I Ii ' · : ; :· SQ. ·-·&,·· ~ .. 15 I
!
• 9631
d¼t~~ : ~
BDM/E H/ sp
J ' l
I .... :••
' :; ,i
Edward B. Hear~. P.E.
N. C, Reglstratlcn No, 9520
'
nlty to
roport,
--
I
! ! ■it\n •· .. ••••••• ... •-···-----~
P. 11
l
FROM 9197153685 SOLID WASTE OIU 06,12,1999 10145
,.
! : ' '
' !
: \ MOISrURE CONTENT RESULT~
l I
I
I
Boring
B-1
•
I B-2 I I I I I I
l I
I I
I I
I I
8-4
! ' •,•
I I
I
' ..
' :1
I li j : •I ;,
I ::
;! : .,
ii
i
ij
:i : ::
:i i;
I '
'
' I
; ' ; i
I •'
I /I ; q
I ii I I ~ 1: i :!
i ii
: :1
I 1, ii ! p
I !i
i ;j
I
I '!
: Dapth, Feet
5,0
8,5
13. S ,a.s
23.5
s.o
7.0
9.0
, , • 0
13 .o
15,0
17 .o
19,0 :
l 20.'0
21, 0
23,0
5,0
7,0
: 9.0
11. 0
13,0
l 5. 0
17 .o
, 18.S I
i
: s.o
i 7,0
i 9,0 I
' , ,. 0
13 .o
I 15,0
16 Is
Moisture Content, oerc:( nt
:
; b, 2
~ ~. 0 ~ l. 3
l a • 1
i ~. 9
~ ,6
~ . ,
, I
'I ii : 1 !
l I ' I
I
I
P, 12
,.,
FROM 9197153605 SO~IO ~ASTE OIU ,, 08, 12, 1999 10:46
I ' . . .
I
I
5
1
.2
:)ROJECT
PCB Landf11
Werrel"lt:M
I
\
I
\
\
l
INt S ITE
s '
I
\\
'I :1
: . ; I
•"
MOI.STURE CONTENT PRJJILES
i
25
I
I I
I
I I
5
0
I
!
t I \ I
' I I
'
s .. 4
15
---·1
.. ··:•·
; i
I ;
20
·,
: l
:SOIL a MATERIAL ENGINEERS~INC ; RALF'l~IJ ~,,..,._ .. -..
P, 14
25
,' ,,
SCALE:
FROM '319'715360:S SOLID
B-1
0
0
5
10
15
20
25
ROJECT
·ca Landfi1 i ,~ +
IJASiE DIU 88, 12.1999 10145
I .. ,,
!'
I .,
I i 'i :1
' ,,
' :; :• I ;,
•! • ! ., I ·
IN-SITE MOISTURE CONTENT PROF!~ S
ii :, !i \, :! !1 2p I
., :;
I+-+ I :: . !: ,:
:1
'· i, ii ~ ! ; i .
--i•·--t~
• I
I I i i
•t
'i
i'
0
s
10
15
20
25
5 25
,.
"
-
I I
J : . ·--•-----i.----+-------
SCALE: As Shown
,"'
FROM 919?153605 SOLID WASTE OIU 08, 12, 1999 10:46 P. 1 S
w· · AP~H
FT, , ELEV. eP~JE;TRATION-BLOts PER FT.
0 10 20 30 40 6<> BO 100 ,.0
,.o
~
7,6
~
~
ij
i
ij 9
~5. 0
~
~
-
' ~
Tan-Br;pwn i ne to Me~i .~f San~y SILT
I 11 I
I jj ;
Brown-'~ray Fine
Red-Brpwn-~ray Fine !to !Medium to
Coarse S111ht1y ~1ajey' S11ty !SAND . :; .
I • I
~ ~
I I
'
i i
' '1 :,
:1
-1 1,
I '
' ,:1 I Sorin£ Terminated at 2, .. o
I
! I ;
I :1
I
,_
' ,1
' Ii ' '· .,
! •' ,:
' :i ,,
,I : !I ;1 ,,
: ii ' I :l ,;
' :I q
i ;! ;1 I I! i :,
I ;I I
i
~ BORING ANO' AMPLNO MEETS A~TM!L, ••
CORE ORILLI ~G Ml ET$ ASTM (O•ij!:s It ~ENETRATION. IS nt NUMBE·R 0~ B~WS OF 140 LB. HAMMER
,Al.LINO 50 IN. RE1~u11u:0 TO o~rv~: 1.4 IN, 1.0. SAMPLER I FT;
I : •i
I _ -UNDl~Tl,~8ED I SAM~ r i --::;:;:-u,,....,,.. ....... .. .. • ....
I i
' ; ' ! I .
! .TEST BORINt:G RECORD
BORINO N . B• ... l;;...__
' OATE ORI LED 11•3-82
JOB NO. 82-251
· FROM 9197153605 SOLID ~ASTE OIU
\ : ! :l
: ; I 1'
' D ,.H DE~C~IPT~O~
I l i F
0 . I l It ,
Gray-Bro rm F ne· to Med1u~: S11 gh't1y
Clayey $>,NO ! ;I .
I 'I • !i ! ·,
'i I ,
I •!
; '
i
' : i
I I
; '
I ,! I .,
l H
!ORI! lD SAM;bLING MEETS ASTM iO•l~ea
:ORE uRILLING .!MEET ASTM . o-~11!: !
,ENETRATION IS "'HE ~ UMBER ,Of. .8Lp'IVS. i OF 140 LB. HAMMER
:ALLING !O IN, I EQUl~l::O T~ ORIVEi l,jllN, I.D. SAMPLER I FT.
~ UNOtSTU'R81 0 SA~P\.E -=:;:=" r,1/ATER TABLE-24 HR.
08.12, 1999 10: 46
I
P. 16
ELEV,
0
I I
ePENe '"RATION-BLOW:; PER FT. I
IO l 20 !O 40 60 BO 100
: !
• t 9 ' : es!
J. ,, I
-! I i
• 7! ., i
I a: ;
!
I
I
!
'
i +~ST BORING RECORD
' l BORING NO. B .. -2-----
0ATE DRILU 0. ll•J·S2
JOB NO. 82·?.51
FRON 9197153685 SOLID WASTE 0IV
''I, !
H
I II : I i ; I I,
I E~C~IPTlp~ !
08,12,1999 10147
ELEV. ePE~JRATION-BLOWS PER Fr,
I . ! ,I
I ·' . ,1 .• · · o , o ! eo ~o 40 so ~ o 100
Red-Brow , Fire to Med1~m l$andy ~IL T
; ;1
i i
Tan .. Br-owr Finf to Medi~m !~nty fAND
I : :1 ·
·1 ii 'I .I
I j!
:l ,,
: I :
Brown-Rec Fine. to Med1Um ! ilty Sandy
rJ CLAY ! I
Red-Gra.Y•:Brow~ Fine to !Mel ium Sandy
Clayey SI .. T : i ; o~--.._,.__,.~--~--++---------'!
G ray-B ro~h Fit• to Medi ~m: ~ i1 ty 'SAND
I .
I I \
I ;
;
; '
\ i
) ---.------------------Borin9 Te1.mini ted at 201.o l I
i '
'
I
' I
: 'I !;
I ii
/1 : i! il ii : Ii
' ii : ii
' i i
~ING ANO SAMPI,; NG Ml ETS. ASTM 01158~
RE ORILLINO M £TS A.STM · 0·211~ \ J
NETRATION IS T~ C: NU/,9ER OF· SLOWS '¢~ 140 LB, HAMMER
l.LIN0 ~O IN. RE)UIREI TO CRIVE 1:-4 IN,, I. D, SAMPLER I FT.
Ii UNOISTURBtt:l. !::AUJ "' . l .. : j
I
l
i I
i
'
' I
~·
~ .. I
j
r-
~
1• ,4 .,
I
•1~
' :
i ;
I
t 9 : I
'
!
i
l
'
!
i I
;
i
'
I
i
16
4
.
P, 17
FROM 919?153605 SCLIO WASTE OIU
D
FI,
0
7
5
H
Red•Browh Fi I e £an'.dv
Brown Fine tc Med1 urn
SAND
i I I
I
I
i
Si 1 ty
i
t ii ,.
, :1i
! i
Brown-Rec to Medi~m !$andy ~LAY
: • i i
I
!: :I
'I I i ! I ·i , :1 ' '• i
' I : : II : . 0 .,._ ___ .,... __ .... --..---------i
' ' :i
~1 ng TE rmi ne ted at l~. O.',
; :,
=i : :i
I •i
I ,1
!I : d
I
:1
: i! I ·1
:lRlh D SAMP ING HE'f'.S ASTM ~-,s'.Js
ORE Vt'<ILLINO f EETS· ASTM 0•2113 : I
.,
_NETRAilCN IS 1HE N\ MBER-OF. ,BI.OWS. :I' F 140 LB, HAMME~
ALLING ~O IN. R OUIRI O T~ DRIVE ti.~ ! . 1.0. SAMPLER I FT.
-UNDISTURBEI~ SAMP\.E ~ ~ TER T~8l.E•24HR,
~ ¾ lfOCK 'CQl\t, RE.CC"1ER'I' •-~-~ TEF\ TABl.E-1 HR.
08.12.1999 1014?
EL.EV.
0
I , I ,
ePEN~'-RATION-BLOW~ PER ~T.
I
IO ! 20 !O 40 SO ~ 100
j.~2
,; ! .i
8 !
i
i
.. ' I
' i
!
I
' i
' i
i
P. 1 8
T~ ST BORING RECORD
! BORING NO. B-4
, CATE DRILLEI~ ll • 3• 82
i 82-251 . •. JOB NO. --•
SOIL a MA~!~,"' e-1..,,..,.,,, .. ,._ ...... •-
PHYSICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF PCB CONTAMINATED SOILS IN WARREN COUNTY Physical Properties of Landfill Contents -Standard Soil Test Soil crass HM% WN CEC 85% Ac pH P-1 K-t Ca% Mg% Mn-I Zn-I Cu-I Min 0.1 0.96 1.2 69 0.4 5.4 011 l 8 3 8.2 24.4 90 146 60 ~~-~ . 't 7'.J4 J = ,. a,._. C:e ~~~ -:~ \~,
:'HEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF PCB CONTAMINATED son..s IN w ARREN COUN1Y
tCherhicalJdentifjcatio'h S . . ~ .. ~.. . :~poncantr$tion:\;J~t:E@:;
PCB (all congeners) Average 350 ppm
(Range ,s, to 880)
Chlorobenzene 60 ppb
1,3 Di-chlorobenzene 23.9 ppb
1,4 Di-chlorobenzene 48 ppb
Arsenic 2 ppm◊
Barium 23 ppm◊
Chromium 12 ppm◊
Lead 35 ppm◊
'¢' TCLP results did not exceed standards.
i \ g CD ·O· 'i} . · Wam?A County Pct3 .Landfil.J Test Rest mmary -. -G-T X --1380 ASlll" ASilr . _·. -.... ··-· .. · . · -· ~ · · 0221&" · · ·.asm 01Sft7: ~ · · · · · · .AST» 0"'22" · · . AS1M ASTlt043flt 0851-ASlM. "51111·· --~-. ··D-297.f-··· ·--D!JOM:. .. ... .. C :! "' ~ " ... .. u C, tr « Ill • ---~----~------·--··-Iype..o(. ~· iD Ol!plr.1t . Omi1e" £1;1ss-___ IDs:11PL.I3df.:Densiy •. ~---~--~---~-----efastic .. _.~--~--~-~-~-u w .. lJ:f ST-2 "O ~ ~ ST-3 CII OI 9--2 HoQt 2-C Tllbe fctbr -Ca-tent:% ·pd pd · #4. % '200; % Linl. lL UM, Pl.. -~ Pl ~ Content,-% OMeC CH 302 120.4-925 100 74 72-5. 26.6 45.8 2..fB CH 31.3 1232 93.9 100 71 73.6 30.7 42..9 274 3.6E-08 ST--f 2-C Ttl>e HCUJ "' 0 r ... 0 E JJ 1/1 -I "' 0 -·-·-. ---··----··-··. -· ·-····-----·-·----· -----. -.. ·-.. -------···---··-·· ·-----··--····--. -··-·--...... ··-· ·-··-·--·--·---···--···--·--·-· --· .. -.. ··-·-·-·--·-----...... . ------·-4 -.... ~ s--f ST-6 4-6 Tme SM 10.t 1Z1...7 111.4 98 22 20.6 17.7 3.0 2.60 3.75 o lF ::, 3:: ... . • -OI CD -s;l ~Olp or • 0 .ii,. -I\) S'f-7--6-3 ST-12 15-17 ST-15 :20.5-22..5 '.ST-16 22.5-24.5 sr.;z 0-2 ST-3 2-4 ST-4 2-4 Tille-SM· 7.U:Z.-. . H3.0 Ttbe SM 14.3 122.4 Ttbe SM 13..6 nu -Tttt SW-SM • 15.0 116.3 Ttile CH 29_9 121.0 Tlile 1li>e CH 'Zl.7 120.1 105.6 .99. .11 rP .NP NP . . 2.6( 2.61 107.1 91 20 Ml NP NP 2.64 ◄.32 101.0 83 20 w NP NP 2.61 209 101.1 65 11 tp NP NP 2!i6 254 93.1 99 71 652 282 37.0 2.71 -HOLD 90.5 100 75 62.9 30.1 32.8 2.7-4 -C 2.9E-03 5.2E::-04 -4.2E-08 m "" . 1..5E~ "1 ~--8-2 Sf-6 4-6 Tube SC 22.9_ 116.3 9-f.6 98 42 -40.9 19.9 20.9 2.70 -4.91 -'° "' . • • \0 . lF . '° . --21-. . ~-..., ,,.,.. ·..-:-...-::.. --..-..:r • --r"l'T . -· "fne'f ~ · ··n,y • ·-17 ... · ~--· • ··NP -· · NP -· ~~ · .. 1:..n• -• .... --X , __ •---->A.·1.-~,. .•. Q-0.... •• , •• -.,J..UVC •. --~~-..,.._ ____ , __ , __________ 1_J., ____ ,. __ 1_u,_..J_,_ ----~"--·-··-·· ______ n_r ------·-•-·--· ___ ---~----•-.:~..-..... ···-~ ___ CD _ ST-12 15-17 Tlile SM 1-C.O 118.t 103.6 92 21 NP NP NP 2.64 1.99 -°! ~ ~ 0 . m ~ ST-15 20.5-22.5 Tube --SM 12.8 1102 97.7 9Z 22 NP NP NP 2.63 2.55 8.3E-04--a, w OI • 0 N c» .• ST-16 22.5-2.C.5 ·t : ~~· j ♦'<=-.'« . ·~·· ~ .. Tube SC ~ .;,:cC _. • ••~'-• 1-H 113.4 99.2 81 32 32.3 17.7 1-4.6 2.64 3.71 --t.fE-04 -:c lestnol lfJqlll!Sted NP= sar:rpe defeirri.ed., be~ t ~ ,, f,f
I .. g·-• 0-~ .. :::!. ~ --~•---D------~ EH SS-8 8-9.5 ~ u= : SS-11 135-15 °' SS.14 D-20.5 • TJPBol ~ bl .Jar-.Jar Warren Counfv PCB landfill Test Rest ummary ·.:, 6 TX-. I 380 ... ;o 0 :Jl '° -'° .._. .... .ASJM .:AS'IJI . -. . . . . . . . . . A5JM ()85( . ASD[ __ . ASllf.. . . D.20(: .. .. UI CA D~-__ : .. 0:221&" ...... ASnl:o-1561~-D-~ ·· ·ASTMO>tZ:2"· "ASrJ.Uiclli .. 0 297-4 D 5064 "' II) Cla!5$--lfr:::db! ... Moblam-01,!k!Jemly. Dy~-----~-~-li:,lkt .... ...Ptasfic.---~ Specific -0!).dl.! i't!rijieooiiiy •. t11 Coi'lfi!ht.,.;. pct--.··:···· -pd·-· fl..% '200;% tirit.·ll. u-n._ PL hfei(.PI. Gnrvly ~ -~ .. ~ ~-------~---. ---------:::===============~""""'"'" H 0 7.4 14.5 13.7 ··-····--···· -.. ·----->---·· -· ... . ---------·-··-··--·----. £ D 1/1 -t "' 0 -------... C ---.,,.---·····~rr-0 ···_z-45-:26 ---··. .Jae ----l~ -O SS-18 ::, -;: I» . • -or 0 m -.,.-Q -OI 13,2 b u: .,-..., ~ -~ SS-19 ~ 5S-8 SS-11 SS-1-4 26-Il 'ZT-2B 28-29tt,p) 28-29(,nij) 28,29(bce) 8-9.5 13.5-15 19-20.5 .tai ktr Jar .hi Jar Jar ~ Jar --------12..6 14.6 16.2 16.4 33.4 m 11.9 ----------.._. t,) 16.2 '° -----------'° 11.2 -- --------'° '° --~----· .. ~1-~ ----2~~~-_ ·---~-·:-_,_ ·--~~ -··• :::...~.:1.~~---=-·--···--=---~:.:...:_:: __ _:. __ ~-:.-----=·------·:._ -~-::,_:_ ___ ,~~ ~--· -----:7"~-~----::=-:-----·----·--------------··--·-; -~ '2/J-'Zl J3r -12.6 ----------1.11 -ID OI 0 D> -0, Ca> UI • 0 N O> O> -l ' . SS-19 Z7-3J SS-20 28-29 SS-21 29-30 (top) 29-30(boC) ·----Jar 16.1 ... Jar -16.6 Jar -13.8 Jar 161 ~ -"'lesfnol~ NP= 53fTP' deeenninecr lo be oon-plasftc ,, t,)
Table 4-1
Physical Characteristics and Total PCB's of Raw Waste
Sample ID Percent Density Density Color PIO Total PCB's
Solids (Bulk) (Comcacted) Reading
WC1-3 90.89% 110.9 140.13 lb./cu.ft. Light Brown w/ 1.2 ppm lb./cu.ft. Red Clay
WC1-4 91.13% 109.3 142.3 Light Brown w/ ND Red Balls
WC2-3 90.36% 106.9 142.9 Dark Brown ND
wc2-4•• 90.34% 98 .7 142 .5 Dark Brown ND
.. A Fixed Solids analysis was performed to determine moisture and potential volatile solids
content of the soil.
The following data was collected :
Percent Solids:
Percent Moisture:
Percent Fixed Solids:
Percent Volatile Solids:
90.75%
9.25% r,Net Weight Basis)
87.55%
3.53%
(ppm)
262
443
267
465
TABLE 4-2
WARREN COUNTY PCB LANDFlLL TREATABILITY STUDY
PCB DATA SUMMARY· RAW SOIL
WC1-3 WC1-4 WC2-3 WC2-4 Soil Blank
Analytes ug/kg (ppb) ug/kg (ppb) ug/kg (ppb) ug/kg (ppb) ug/kg (ppb)
Total MonoCB 28 44 6 3 ND (0.09)
Total DiCB 21900 31100 205 118 ND (0.09)
Total TriCB 191940 201850 2,060 764 ND(0.1)
Total TetraCB 19,590 251090 4,260 1,970 ND(0.1)
Total PentaCB 60,880 71,890 301600 20,010 ND (0.2)
Total HexaCB 2561250 419,610 1891500 129,450 ND(0.1)
Total OctraCB 155,970 261,390 121,220 87,770 ND (0.1)
T 'NonaCB 30,050 49,050 23,400 181080 ND (0.1)
l dCB 1,400 2,260 1,030 768 ND (0.1)
19 32 26 21 ND(0.2)
Total PCB 547,027 853,316 372,307 258,954 ND
*Data analyzed by Triangle Laboratories, Inc.
TABLE 4-3
WARREN COUNTY PCB LANDFILL TREATABILITY STUDY
PCDDs/PCDFs DATA SUMMARY• RAW SOIL
WC1-3 WC1-4 WC2-3
Analytes ng/Kg (ppt) ng/Kg (ppt) ng/Kg {ppt)
2378-TCDD ND ND ND
12378-PeCOO ND NO ND
123478-HxCDD ND ND ND
123678-HxCDD 2.2 2.3 4.5
123789-HxCDD 1.8 1.6 2.1
1234678-HpCDD 14.8 18.1 145
OCDD 506 515 2,710
2378-TCDF 108 125 46.1
~ "378-PeCOF 29.7 33.8 12.7
.. 78-PeCOF 114 123 53.5
123478-HxCOF 1120 1230 826
12367 8-HxCDF 126 136 111
234678-HxCDF 50.9 48.8 31.6
123789-HxCOF 6.3 5.9 3.6
1234678-HpCOF 821 864 648
1234789-HpCDF 547 584 354
OCDF 4050 5050 2930
2378-TEQ 218 238 147
Total TCDD 12.3 1.3 0.95
Total PeCDD 31.3 35.4 16.8
Total HxCDD 9.2 7.7 13.5
Total HpCDD 14.9 35 323
OCDD 506 515 2,710
Total TCDF 465 459 171
Total PeCDF 763 844 470
Total HxCDF 1990 2180 1510
11 HpCDF 2350 2600 1680
u..,;DF 4050 5050 2930
Total PCCD/F 10,192 11,727 9,825
WC2-4 Soll
ng/Kg {ppt) Blank
ND ND (0.3)
ND ND (0.6)
ND ND (0.5)
ND ND (0.4)
ND ND (0.5)
32.8 ND'(0.8)
1,300 ND (1.5)
49.7 ND (0.3)
14.4 ND (0.5)
58 ND (0.5)
923 ND (0.5)
135 ND (0.4)
34 ND (0.6)
2.8 ND (0 .6)
704 ND (0 .6)
337 ND (0 .9)
2910 ND (1.2)
159 c.
j .4 ND (0.3)
17.5 ND (0.6)
4.9 ND (0.5)
78.3 ND (0.8)
1,300 ND (1.S)
189 ND (0.3)
504 ND (0.5)
1720 ND (0 .5)
1680 ND (0.7)
2910 ND (1.2)
8,405 o·
TABLE4-4
WARREN COUNTY PCB LANDFILL TREATABILITY STUDY voe DATA SUMMARY. RAW SOIL
WC1-3 WC1-4 WC2-3 WC2-4 LITS Non-WM Analytes ug/Kg ug/Kg ug/Kg ug/Kg ug/Kg
Chloromethane ND(0.3) ND(0.24) 6.04 ND(0.24) 30,000 Vinyl Chloride ND(0.28) ND(0.22) ND(0.21) ND(0.22)
Bromomethane ND(0.31) ND(0.25) ND(0.24) ND(0.25)
Chloroethane ND(0.33) ND(0.26) ND(0.25) ND(0.26)
Trichlorofluoromethane ND(0.11) ND(0.09) ND(0.08) ND(0.09)
1, 1-Dichloroethene ND(0.22) ND(0.18) ND(0.17) ND(0.18)
Carbon disulfide 0.37 ND(0.05) ND(0.05) ND(0.05) 4,800 Acetone 17.42 ND(0.18) 4.1 ND(0.18) 160,000
Methylene chloride 3.53 2.6 2.55 2.45 30,000 trans-1,2-Dichloroethene ND(0.16) ND(0.13) ND(0.12) ND(0.13)
1, 1-0ichloroethane ND(0.1) ND(0.08) ND(0.07) ND(0.08)
·s-1,2-Dichloroethane ND(0.16) ND(0.13) ND(0.12) ND(0.13)
.;hloroform 0.31 ND(0.06) ND(0.06) ND(0.06) 6,000
1,2-Dichloroethane ND(0 .12) ND(0.1) ND(0,09) ND(0.1)
Vinyl acetate N0(0 .09) ND(0.06) ND(0.06) ND(0,06)
2-Butanone 64.43 ND(0.79) ND(0.75) ND(0.79)
1, 1, 1-Trichloroethane ND(0.12) ND(0.09) ND(0.08) ND(0.09)
Carbon tetrachloride 5.76 ND(0.13) 2.59 3.5 6,000
Benzene 1.47 1.47 1.6 1.18 10,000
Trichloroethene ND(0.37) ND(0.26) ND(0.25) ND(0.27)
1,2-Dichloropropane ND(0.22) ND(0.16) ND(0.15) ND(0.16)
Bromodich!oromethane ND(0.12) ND(0.08) ND(0.08) ND(0.08)
cis-1,3-Dichloropropene ND(0.13) N0(0.09) ND(0.09) ND(0.09)
trans-1,3-0ichloropropene ND(0.15) ND(0.11) ND(0.1) ND(0.11)
1, 1,2-Trichloroethane ND(0.18) OND(.13) ND(0.12) ND(0.13)
Dibromochloromethane ND(0.27) ND(0.19) ND(0.18) ND(0,19)
Bromoform ND(0.35) N0(0.25) ND(0,24) ND(0.25)
4-Methyl-2-pentanone ND(0.12) ND(0.09) ND(0.09) ND(0.09)
Toluene 2.63 ND(0.06) 2.3 2.13 10,000
Tetrachloroethene 1.75 N0(0.25) 1.21 ND(0.26) 6,000
2-Hexanone ND(0.16) ND(0.11) ND(0.11) ND(0.12)
Chlorobenzene 27.64 28.29 2.02 2.55 6,000
,ylbenzene ND(0.17) ND(0.12) ND(0.12) ND(0.13)
.. 1-/p-Xylene 0.77 N0(.09) 0.33 ND(0.09)
o-Xylene N0(0.14) ND(0.1) ND(0.1) ND(0.1) 30,000
Styrene ND(0.08) ND(0.05) ND(0.05) ND(0,06)
1, 1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane ND(0.09) ND(0.06) ND(0.06) ND(0,06)
APPENDIXF
BBCD/CBCD UNIT SELECTION GUIDELINE
SANDY SGIL
,,,, ., !"'.' ~~
"·. i •.. •. #
SRA\liTY
;:~~.'NA:E~iH(~ ~i. ~·; < 1 ~~ ;-·;
};;~· ;1:;T! J~~E
FEED MATERIAL
SEDlMENT,
SPENT CARBON
SBCD
BLENDJNG 'NlTH
::BCD FEED
(~LAY OR
;::IL1'( SOIL.
88(;[1
c; ETG ENVIRONMENTAL. INC. If: I 11 Haowt, llwL. WIit CMllw PA 11312•(110),431-1100
DAlE:
BBCD BCD SELECTION GUIDELINE
WARREN COUNTY PCB LANDFILL
WARREN COUNTY NORTH CAROLINA
F1l.£ NAME:
11/3/99 DWG\4800\SELECTION R£V 0
Saale NONE Drawn 1,y: MR hat DRAWING 013
APPENDIXG
PERFORMANCE DEMONSTRA TON TEST REPORT
SECTION
1.0
2.0
2.1
2.2
3.0
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
4.0
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
5.0
6.0
Table 1-1
Table 1-2
Table 2-1
Table 3-1
Table 3-2
Table 3-3
Table 3-4
Table 3-5
Table 3-6
Table 3-7
Table 3-8
Figure 2-1
Figure 2-2
Figure 2-3
Figure 2-4
Figure 2-5
PERFORMANCE TEST REPORT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
PERFORMANCE TEST PROGRAM SUMMARY
Process Description
Perfonnance Test Implementation Summary
PERFORMANCE RESULTS
Process Operating Parameters
Feed Characteristics
Stack Gases
Treated Materials Characteristics
Influent Condensate/Wastewater and Treated Effluent
Treated Organics
QUALITY ASSURANCE/QUALITY CONTROL RESULTS
Sample Collection and Analysis
Stack Sampling Equipment
Process Operations
Calculations
WASTE HANDLING
SUMMARY OF PERFORMANCE TEST
List of Tables
Performance and Emissions Summary
Summary of Process Operating Parameters
Summary of Analytical Procedures and Methods
Process Operating Data Summary
Stack Gas Results
Treated Materials Results Summary
Treated Organics Results Summary
Aqueous Phase Treatment Results Summary
Chronology of Perfonnance Test Runs
Isomer Specific PCDD/PCDF Emissions
Compliance with NCDENR Emissions Standards and Material
Performance Standards
List of Figures
BCD Process System Layout
Process Flow Diagram -CBCD
Process Flow Diagram -BBCD
Process Flow Diagram -LBCD
Process Diagram -Process Condensate Separation and Aqueous
Phase Treatment System
Appendix A
Appendix B
Appendix C
Appendix D
Appendix E
Appendix F
PERFORMANCE TEST REPORT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
List of Appendices
BCD Process Operating Data
Sampling and Analytical Reports
Traverse Point Locations & Calibration Data
Continuous Emissions Monitoring Field Data & Calculations
Air Dispersion Model
Example Calculations
WARREN COUNTY
PCB LANDFILL
AIR MONITORING
PLAN
Prepared for:
North Carolina
Department of Environment
and Natural Resources
1Division of Waste Management
E .. 'V'irc» .. _.~.,.t..-•,, ■-c::-
BF A Environmental Consultants
Barnes, Ferland and Associates, Inc.
MARCH 2000
Air Monitoring Plan Warren County PCB Landfill
TABLE OF CONTENTS
AIR MONITORING PLAN
BASE-CATALYZED DECOMPOSITION (BCD) DETOXIFICATION PROCESS
Page#
1.0 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................... 1
2.0 DIRECT READING MONITORING INSTRUMENTS ........................... 3
2.1 Flame Ionization Detector/Photoionization Detector .................................. 3
2.2 Particulate Monitor ...................................................................................... 3
2.3 Combustible Gas Indicator .......................................................................... 3
2.4 Calibration and Maintenance of Monitoring Equipment.. ........................... 3
2.5 Data Collection and Recording ................................................................... .4
3.0 SITE AIR MONTORING AND SAMPLING PLAN ............................... 5
3.1 Background Monitoring ................................................................................. 5
3 .1.1 Wind Speed and Direction .................................................................... 5
3.1.2 Meteorological Station .......................................................................... 5
3.1.3 Base Line Monitoring ........................................................................... 6
3 .1 .4 Sample Tracking ................................................................................... 6
3.2 Construction Monitoring ................................................................................ 6
3.3 Landfill Excavation ........................................................................................ 14
3.4 BCD Processing Area .................................................................................... 14
3 .5 Stack Emission Monitoring and Stack Testing .............................................. 14
3.5.1 Stack Testing .................................................................................... 15
3 .5 .2 General Stack Sampling Procedures ............................................... .15
3.5.3 Stack Sampling Data ........................................................................ 16
3. 6 Perimeter Area ............................................................................................... 16
3. 7 Engineering Controls ..................................................................................... 17
4.0 PERSONNEL MONITORING AND SAMPLING .............................................. 18
4.1 Site Air Monitoring and Sampling ................................................................. 18
4.2 Integrated Personal Sampling ........................................................................ 18
ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants Final March 2000
Air Monitoring Plan Warren County PCB Landfill
LIST OF TABLES
Page#
3 .1 Action Level Lattice ......................................................................... 7
3.2 Summary of Air Monitoring, Sampling, and Analysis .................................. 9
4.1 Summary Personnel Monitoring and Sampling .......................................... 19
LIST OF DRAWINGS
101 BCD Process Site Layout
102 Proposed Perimeter Sampling Locations
APPENDICES
I. State of North Carolina Administrative Code
II. Air Monitoring Forms
III. Major Contaminants of Concern
IV. Windrose Data Raleigh-Durham Airport 1984-1992
V. Source Test Notification Form
ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants
II
Final March 2000
Air Monitoring Plan Warren County PCB Landfill
LIST OF ACRONYMS
AMP ................... Air Monitoring Plan
BBCD ................. Solid Phase BCD/Batch Thermal Desorption Unit
BCD .................... Base Catalyzed Decomposition
CBCD ................. Continuous Solid Phase BCD/Thermal Desorption Unit
CEMs .................. Continuous Emissions Monitors
CHSO ................. Corporate Health and Safety Officer
CLP ..................... Contract Laboratory Program
DAQ ................... Division of Air Quality
ETG .................... ETG Environmental, Inc.
FTO .................... Flameless Thermal Oxidizer
HASP .................. Health & Safety Plan
HSO .................... Health & Safety Officer
LBCD ................. Liquid Phase BCD Detoxification System
LEL. .................... Lower Explosion Limit
MG/M3 •••••••••••••••• Milligrams Per Cubic Meter
NC ...................... North Carolina
NCAC ................. North Carolina Administrative Code
NCDENR ............ North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources
NIOSH ................ National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
O2 ........•.•.•.•••.•••..• Oxygen
PCBs ................... Polychlorinated Biphenyl's
PCSAPT ............. Process Condensate Separation and Aqueous Phase Treatment System
PD ....................... Performance Demonstration
PDP ..................... Performance Demonstration Plan
PEL ..................... Permissible Exposure Limit
PID ...................... Photoionization Detector
PPB ..................... Parts Per Billion
PPE ..................... Personal Protective Equipment
PPM .................... Parts Per Million
PPT ..................... Parts Per Trillion
PUF ..................... Polyurethane Foam
QA/QC ................ Quality Assurance/Quality Control
Site ...................... Warren County PCB Landfill
SM ...................... Site Manager
STEL .................. Short Term Exposure Limit
TEQ .................... Toxicity Equivalent Concentrations
THC .................... Total Hydrocarbon
TSP ..................... Total Suspended Particulate
TWA ................... Time Weighted Average
TWA ................... Time Weighted Average
USEPA ............... United States Environmental Protection Agency
VOCs .................. Volatile Organic Compounds
YRS .................... Vapor Recovery System
YRS .................... Vapor Recovery System(s)
f'. Id f'.nvrronmental, lnc.1BPX f'.nvrronmental Consultants hnal March 2000
Air Monitoring Plan Warren County PCB Landfill
1.0 INTRODUCTION
ETG Environmental, Inc. (ETG) has received a contract from the State of North Carolina
to prepare the Phase III final design report and develop a set of final plans and
specifications for the detoxification of the Warren County PCB Landfill (landfill). The
State of North Carolina legislature has passed a bill requiring the utilization of Base-
Catalyzed Decomposition (BCD) technology for detoxification of the landfill. The bill
also specifies the soil treatment standards required for the detoxification of the landfill.
Remedial actions at the landfill consist of detoxification of approximately 60,000 tons of
materials contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The detoxified soil will
be placed on-site after analytical testing has confirmed that the soil has been treated to the
standards established in the legislation for the project.
Air monitoring is critical to the success of this environmental project. The air monitoring
will ensure that the following objectives are accomplished:
• Demonstrate protection of human health (on-site and off-site) and the surrounding
environment.
• Demonstrate compliance with emission limits established for the project and the
requirements contained in the State of North Carolina Administrative Code. The
pertinent sections are included in Appendix I.
• Minimize the release of dust from excavation and earth moving activities.
• Determine the concentration of specific contaminants in work areas.
This Air Monitoring Plan (AMP) discusses the monitoring requirements for soil
excavation, Performance Demonstration Plan (PDP) testing, and full-scale operation of
the BCD system. The BCD system will include the following:
• One continuous solid phase BCD/thermal desorption unit (CBCD),
• One solid phase BCD/batch thermal desorption unit (BBCD),
• Two air pollution control systems or vapor recovery systems (VRS),
• Process Condensate Separation and Aqueous Phase Treatment System, and
• One liquid phase BCD detoxification system (LBCD).
There will be a separate system to treat contaminated storm/decontamination/excavation
water. The BCD process will be designed to recycle the treated process water to cool
and rehydrate the treated soils. The treated storm/decontamination water will be utilized
to the extent feasible for dust control and in the BCD process.
The purpose of the Air Monitoring Plan is to describe the equipment, procedures and
analytical testing utilized for perimeter air monitoring, start-up monitoring, stack gas
monitoring and personnel monitoring to ensure that the objectives stated above are met.
This AMP includes the following sections:
• Section 2 describes the equipment required for the measurement and recording of
real-time air monitoring data.
ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants
1
Final March 2000
Air Monitoring Plan Warren County PCB Landfill
• Section 3 describes the actual air monitoring plans for the project.
• Section 4 describes the general personnel monitoring. More specific personnel
monitoring information is contained in the Health and Safety Plan (HASP).
The site Health and Safety Officer (HSO) or his/her qualified representative will be
responsible for air monitoring. Air monitoring personnel will be trained by the HSO in
proper instrument use, action le vels. care and calibration.
ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants
2
Final March 2000
Air Monitoring Plan Warren County PCB Landfill ·
2.0 DIRECT READING MONITORING INSTRUMENTS
Direct reading instruments provide information at the time of sampling. They supply the
site supervisory personnel with the instantaneous data needed to make worker safety and
process operation decisions. Overall, the instruments provide the user the capability to
determine if site personnel or off-site areas are being exposed to concentrations which
exceed exposure limits or actions levels for hazardous materials. Several types of direct
reading instruments will be used at the work site. Additional information about each
instrument is provided in the HASP.
2.1 Flame Ionization Detector/ Photoionization Detector
Real-time organic vapor measurements will be made using a Foxboro organic vapor
analyzer with a flame ionization detector, an HNu photoionization detector, or their
equivalents. The instrument will be calibrated to read in ppm of benzene. The readings
from these instruments will be compared with the action levels developed in the HASP
for worker protection and with the action limits discussed later in this document.
2.2 Particulate Monitor
Real-time dust monitoring will be performed using a direct reading, hand-held, aerosol
monitor. A PDM-3 particular monitor or equivalent will be used. Readings will be
measured in the employees breathing zone. The instrument will provide data on total and
respirable particulate ( dust) in the air.
2.3 Combustible Gas Indicator / Oxygen Meter
Combustible gas indicators /oxygen monitors are used to monitor the lower explosive
limit and the percent oxygen concentrations. An Industrial Scientific TMX412
combustible gas indicator/oxygen meter or equivalent will be used. These instruments
will be used during hot work and confined space entries. The HASP contains additional
information on hot work and confined space entries.
2.4 Calibration and Maintenance of Monitoring Equipment
Direct reading instruments require charging and cleaning to ensure that they are
functioning properly. Equipment will be response checked daily and calibrated per the
manufacturer's recommendations. Logs for each instrument will be kept on-site.
Additional information on calibration and care of monitoring equipment is contained in
the HASP.
The HSO will be responsible for training personnel in the proper calibration, use and
maintenance of equipment.
ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants
3
Final March 2000
Air Monitoring Plan Warren County PCB Landfill
2.5 Data Collection and Recording
A consistent methodology will be used to collect real-time air measurements. At each
monitoring location, the instrument's measurements will be observed for a minimum of
ten seconds. If readings are consistent and well below the action level, the operator will
record the reading and move to the next monitoring area. If the readings vary
considerably or approach the action level, sustained monitoring will take place. For each
sustained monitoring event, 20 readings at 15-second intervals will be recorded over a
five-minute span. All readings will be averaged at the end of the span and the result
recorded on the monitoring form . If the average sustained reading approaches the action
level, more frequent monitoring will be scheduled. If the average sustained reading
exceeds the action level, the HSO will be notified immediately.
Initial monitoring frequency will vary in each work area and with the phase of site-work.
Refer to Section 3 of this plan for area specific information.
All real-time monitoring data will be recorded on a specific form in the field. These
forms will be kept on-site in an air monitoring logbook and organized chronologically.
Monitoring data, including date and time of monitoring, instrument reading(s), and
person's initials, will be recorded on the form. General weather information (i.e.
temperature and relative humidity) that may impact air monitoring will also be included
on the form. Examples of an air monitoring data form and calibration log are provided in
Appendix II.
Real-time monitoring results will be available on-site at all times for review by the
appropriate parties.
ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants
4
Final March 2000
Air Monitoring Plan Warren County PCB Landfill
3.0 SITE AIR MONITORING AND SAMPLING
Site investigations have provided information on the hazardous compounds that have
been previously identified at the site. Appendix III lists these compounds along with
their physical properties and exposure limits. The data from the prior investigations,
along with discussions with site representatives, is the basis for the air monitoring and
sampling activities proposed in this section.
Appendix III also presents calculations performed to determine the hazard level of soil
PCB and Dioxin contamination as respirable dust. Maximum soil concentrations from
previous analytical data were converted into the personnel exposure limit and compared
to the dust exposure action level. The resultant personnel exposure limit level was 14 7
mg/m3, much higher than the dust action level of 5 mg/m3.
3.1 Background Monitoring
The accumulation of background information on air quality at the site is critical to the
process of developing an air monitoring plan. Background air monitoring data will be
compared against operational air monitoring data to determine the impact of the
detoxification activities on air quality.
3.1.1 Wind Speed and Direction
Prevailing wind direction and wind speed information has been downloaded via
Windrose from the Internet for the years 1984 to 1992 (the most recent available
data). The Raleigh-Durham airport is the representative wind data location for the
site. The prevailing wind direction is from southwest to northeast (32% of the
time). The secondary wind direction is from northeast to southwest (24%),
directly opposite of the predominant, prevailing winds. Most frequent wind
speeds are from 4-10 miles per hour. Calm winds occur 7% of the time.
Windrose data is presented in Appendix IV.
The prevailing wind direction data has been used to locate the permanent air
sampling locations. Drawing 102 locates these air sampling points and identifies
the prevailing wind direction.
3.1.2 Meteorological Station
A meteorological station will be located on-site to monitor temperature,
barometric pressure, relative humidity, wind speed, wind direction and
precipitation. The data collected from the station will be recorded daily in the
logbook. The daily wind direction will determine the up-and downwind
locations for real-time air monitoring.
ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants
5
Final March 2000
Air Monitoring Plan Warren County PCB Landfill
3.1.3 Base Line Monitoring
Prior to any site work, baseline air monitoring will be performed. Real-time
organic vapor and dust monitoring equipment will establish the pre-existing levels
for these constituents. Air samples upwind and downwind of the work areas will
be collected and submitted to a laboratory for PCBs, Dioxin/Furans, Volatile
Organic Compounds (VOCs) and dust analysis. This information will form the
background data against which operational air monitoring results will be
compared.
Air samples to be analyzed for VOCs will be collected using SUMMA canisters.
SUMMA canisters are vacuum tanks that use a regulator to collect a preset
volume of air over a 24-hour period. The canister is then sent to a laboratory for
analysis. Air samples to be analyzed for PCB and Dioxin/Furans will be collected
using polyurethane foam (PUF) organic toxic samplers. These samplers extract a
preset volume of air through a pol yurethane foam cartridge that is sent to a
laboratory for analysis. Quantitative dust samples can be collected on a filter
cartridge using a total suspended particulate (TSP) sampler which is sent to a
laboratory for analysis.
The PUF samplers and TSP samplers require permanent power to operate
continuously for extended periods. These units will be used in remote locations at
the state perimeter boundary, requiring that pre-set locations with electrical power
be established. This limits the ability to monitor changing locations due to
changing wind directions. See Table 3-2 for a listing of the analytical methods to
be used to analyze the base line samples.
3.1.4 Sample Tracking
All air emission samples collected will be tracked using Chain of Custody
Records in compliance with United States Environmental Protection Agency
(USEP A) procedures.
3.2 Construction Monitoring
During the equipment mobilization and set-up phase, prior to any excavation, daily
monitoring will be performed. Real-time organic vapor and dust monitoring equipment
will measure dust and particulate levels within and outside of the work areas. Results
will be compared against the Action Levels that are presented in Table 3-1. As discussed
previously, direct readings that approach or exceed the action levels will result in
additional monitoring or other remedial activities.
ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants
6
Final March 2000
Air Monitoring Plan
TABLE 3-1
ACTION LEVEL LATTICE
CONTAMINANT ACTION LEVEL
Respirable Dust as measured by Sustained above background *
PDM-3. (Calculated allowable
dust emission based on maximum <3 mg/m3
PCB concentration in the soil is
147 mg/m3. See Appendix VIII, 3:S <5 mg/m3
HASP). This level is significantly
higher than the Action Level
required for respirable dust, and :::_5 mg/m3
therefore, respirable dust readings
will be used for Action Levels.
Organic Vapors (PID)** ::;I Units*** (ppm)
Above background
> I ppm, <5 ppm
Sustained above background ****
• No Benzene
• Benzene :::_I ppm, :::;10
ppm (based upon 8-hr
TWA).
Or
• Benzene >IO ppm,
:::;50 ppm (based upon
8-hr TWA).
• Benzene >50 ppm
(based upon 8-hr
TWA)
>5ppm (sustained) for 15 minutes
Short Term Exposure Lirnit(STEL)
ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants
7
Warren County PCB Landfill
ACTION
Level D
Continue Level D, Increase
monitoring frequency
Upgrade to Level C (1 /2 or full
face), P-100 filters. Increase
monitoring frequency. Implement
engineering controls.
Level D
Continue Level D, Increase
monitoring
Pull Dreager Tube for Benzene
Continue Level D
Level C (1 /2 face or full face), or
evacuate until vapor dissipates.
Collect samples for Benzene 8-hr
time weighted average exposure
(TWA).
Level C (full face), or evacuate
until vapor dissipates. Collect
samples for Benzene 8-hr TWA
exposure.
Level B, or evacuate until vapor
dissipates. Collect samples for
Benzene 8-hr TWA exposure.
Implement engineering controls.
Upgrade to Level C, or evacuate
until vapors dissipate. Collect
samples for organic compounds 8-
hr TWA exposure. Corporate
Health & Safety Officer (CHSO)
to evaluate results and determine
if adjustment to PPE is required
based on compounds identified,
PEL, 8-hr TWA and STEL.
Implement engineering controls.
Final March 2000
Air Monitoring Plan Warren County PCB Landfill
TABLE 3-1
ACTION LEVEL LATTICE
(Continued)
Oxygen (02) 19.5%::; to ::;22.5% Level D
<19.5% or >22.5% Remove personnel from area.
Evaluate situation. Upgrade to
Level B.
Lower Explosion ::;5% Level D
Limit (LEL)
*
**
***
****
NOTE:
>5%, <10% Continue Level D, Increase
monitoring frequency
;:::,10% Do not enter area. Remove
personnel from area and
reevaluate.
Particulate Readings: Real time readings will be averaged as described above, an upgrade will be
implemented if two consecutive periods exceed a particular action level.
Organic vapor meter should be calibrated to benzene equivalents.
"Units" are indicated as prescribed by the specific direct reading instrument. This lattice is
designed to correlate integrated sample results with real time/direct readings, to allow for timely
and effective decisions to be made with regard to personal protective equipment and respiratory
protection.
Organic Vapors Readings: (I) To be used to determine sustained readings if instantaneous
readings approach Action Limit. Sustained monitoring period consists of 20 readings taken every
15 seconds. All readings will be averaged at the end of the monitoring period. Two consecutive
sustained monitoring periods warrant corrective action.
Engineering controls may be used at any time to control emissions.
ETG Environmental, Inc I BF A Environmental Consultants
8
Final March 2000
Air MOillLv, mg Plan Warren County P-..,.., Landfill TABLE 3-2 SUMMARY OF AIR MONITORING, SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS Samples Description Matrix Frequency* Quality Type Data Use Preparation/ Estimated Control Analytical Methods Samples Base Line Air One sampling event, prior to any Laboratory QA/QC Quantitative Provide baseline / PCB PUF samples, 4 Monitoring construction/ excavation activities. 2 l blank sample background air TO-JO downwind, I upwind at State boundary. quality Dioxins/Furans PUF 4 Refer to Drawing I 02 for proposed in formation. samples TO-10 sample locations. VOCSUMMA 4 Canisters, TO-14A Particulate using a 4 TSP/\/\ Daily Response Direct** Provide baseline/ PDM-3 3 locations -Checking background air I upwind, 2 quality downwind information. PID/FID 3 locations Construction Air Twice per shift at locations within and Daily Response Direct To verify ambient PDM-3 Routine Monitoring outside of landfill and site prep areas. checking action levels are Monitoring met. PID/FID Routine Monitoring Excavation Air Twice per shift at locations upwind, Daily Response Direct To verify ambient PDM-3 Routine Monitoring downwind, within the work area and in Checking action levels are Monitoring the support zone. Locations selected by met. PID/FID Routine HSO. Monitoring Perimeter Air Concurrent with PD Stack Testing. Once Laboratory QA/QC Quantitative To verify PCB PCB 19 Monitoring per Stack Test. Collect 2 down-wind and I blank sample and Dioxin/Furan PUF Samples TO-I 0 for PD one upwind air sample at the State and other ambient Dioxin/Furans 19 boundary. action levels are PUF Samples TO-10 met. VOC-SUMMA 19 Canisters, TO-14A Particulate using a 19 TSP Monitoring twice per shift using direct Daily Response Direct To verify ambient PDM-3 3 locations reading instruments at accessible Checking action levels are downwind and upwind locations during met. PID/FID 3 locations PD. ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 9 Final March 2000
Air MoniL~.,ng Plan Warren County I-, Landfill TABLE 3-2 SUMMARY OF AIR MONITORING, SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS Samples Description Matrix Frequency* Quality Type Data Use Preparation/ Estimated Control Analytical Methods Samples t'enmeter Air Collect samples every day for 7 days at Laboratory QA/QC Quantitative To verify PCB and PCB 22 Monitoring 2 downwind and one upwind locations at 1 blank sample per dust action levels PUF Samples TO-I 0 -First 7 days State boundary. Refer to Drawing 102 week are met. of Full Scale for proposed sample locations. Operation TO-I 4A only if 22 elevated VOC readings in PD Particulate using a 22 TSP Routine monitoring using direct reading Daily Response Direct To verify ambient PDM-3 3 locations instruments at accessible downwind and Checking action levels are upwind locations during first week of met. operation PID/FID 3 locations Perimeter Air Collect samples every day for four Laboratory QA/QC Quantitative To verify PCB and PCB 28 Monitoring weeks at 2 downwind and one upwind 1 blank sample per dust action levels PUF Samples TO-10 -Next4 locations at State boundary. Refer to week are met. weeks of Drawing 102 for proposed sample Particulate using a 28 Full Scale locations. Submit 2 sets (2 days worth) TSP Operation of samples per week for analysis. Routine monitoring using direct reading Daily Response Direct To verify ambient PDM-3 Routine instruments at accessible downwind and Checking action levels are Monitoring upwind locations. met. PID/FID Routine Monitoring Perimeter Air Once per week at 2 downwind and one Laboratory QA/QC Quantitative To verify PCB and PCB 139 Monitoring upwind locations at State boundary. This 1 blank sample per dust action levels PUF Samples TO-10 -Remainder monitoring may be reduced if action month are met. of Full Scale levels are consistently met per Operation discussions with NCDENR. Particulate using a 139 TSP ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants IO Final March 2000
Air Monnv,lflg Plan Warren County I-.._,_ Landfill TABLE 3-2 SUMMARY OF AIR MONITORING, SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS Samples Description Matrix Frequency* Quality Type Data Use Preparation/ Estimated Control Analytical Methods Samples t'enmeter Air Koutme monitonng usmg direct readmg Daily Response Direct To verify ambient PDM-3 Routine Monitoring instruments at accessible downwind and Checking action levels are Monitoring -Remainder upwind locations. Monitoring may be met. of Full Scale reduced or eliminated if action levels are PrD/FrD Routine Operation consistently met per discussions with Monitoring NCDENR. BCD Air Direct readings of Dust and VOCs in Daily Response Direct To verify ambient PDM-3 Routine Processing Soil Blending, CBCD, BBCD, LBCD, Checking action levels are Monitoring Areas YRS, Process Condensate Separation met. Monitoring and Aqueous Phase Treatment areas as described in HASP. See HASP for detailed information on PrD/FID Routine Personnel monitoring. Monitoring Continuous Process Monitoring System Daily Response Direct Process THC Continuous using THC analyzer Checking Monitoring Air Stack Air CBCD and BBCD stack testing emission Per stack testing Quantitative Compliance with VOC's 6 Sampling samples per PD test. contractor and Lab State Air SW-846 Method 30 CLP protocol Regulations. PCB 6 40CFR60 Method 23 Temperature 6 40CFR60 Method 4 Moisture 6 40CFR60 Method 4 SVOC's 6 SW-846 Method IO HCI 6 40CFR60 Method 26 Metals 6 40CFR60 Method 29 Flow 6 40CFR60 Mth l Or 2 ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 11 Final March 2000
Air Monhv, mg Plan Warren County l~_., Landfill TABLE 3-2 SUMMARY OF AIR MONITORING, SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS Samples Description Matrix Frequency* Quality Type Data Use Preparation/ Estimated Control Analytical Methods Samples Air Stack Air CBCD and BBCD stack testing emission Per stack testing Quantitative Compliance with Dioxin/Furan 6 Sampling samples per PDP. contractor and Lab State Air 40CFR60 Method 23 (cont'd) CLP protocol Regulations. Particulate 6 40CFR60 Method 5 Pre-Flameless Air CBCD and BBCD stack testing emission Per stack testing Quantitative Compliance with VOC's 6 Thermal samples per PDP test. contractor and Lab State Air SW846 Method 30 Oxidizer CLP protocol Regulations. (FTO) PCB 6 40CFR60 Method 23 Temperature 6 40CFR60 Method 4 Moisture 6 40CFR60 Method 4 SVOC's 6 40CFR60 Method I 0 HCI 6 40CFR60 Method 26 Dioxin/Furan 6 40CFR60 Method 23 Decon and Air Routine monitoring at a minimum of Daily Response Direct To verify that PDM-3 Routine Site twice per day. Checking ambient action Monitoring Restoration levels are met. Monitoring PID/FID Routine Monitoring Demobiliza-Air Routine monitoring at a minimum of Daily Response Direct To verify that PDM-3 Routine tion twice per day. Checking ambient action Monitoring levels are met. PID/FID Routine Monitoring ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 12 Final March 2000
Air Mon, __ .mg Plan Warren County 1 _ Landfill TABLE 3-2 SUMMARY OF AIR MONITORING, SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS * This Air Monitoring Summary assumes initial readings show no elevated constituent levels. If elevated levels are found, additional monitoring/sampling will be planned and the table will be modified. ** Direct reading data used for both personnel monitoring and process monitoring information IV\ TSP -Total Suspended Particulate high volume sampler or equivalent. ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 13 Final March 2000
Air Monitoring Plan Warren County PCB Landfill·
3.3 Landfill Excavation
Excavation activities will take place during daylight hours for one, eight to ten hour, shift
per day. It is anticipated that excavation will take place five days per week; this will vary
with workload and weather requirements. The HSO will monitor airborne emissions and
operator exposures during excavation activities. Emissions will be monitored in the
landfill work area and up-and downwind from the excavation. Direct reading
instruments will monitor for respirable dust and for VOCs at least twice per shift.
During the first few weeks of excavation, periodic personnel samples will be collected
and submitted for laboratory analysis (see the HASP). This sampling will occur
concurrent with the excavation of PCB contaminated soils.
3.4 BCD Processing Area
Several varied activities will occur in the BCD processing area. On the north end, soil
screening, mixing and stockpiling will take place. The screening and mixing activities
will be intermittent -three to six hours per day and approximately five days per week.
Soil stockpiles will be maintained continuously. The batch and continuous BCD
treatment equipment and the liquid BCD processing equipment will be located in the
central area. This work area will be active 24 hours per day, seven days per week. Clean
soil stockpiles awaiting final laboratory confirmation will be located along the south area.
Clean soil stockpiles will be maintained continuously. Refer to Drawing 101 for the
work area layout.
Access to the BCD area will be limited to those trained and certified per the HASP. The
HSO will monitor the airborne emissions and personnel exposures during all work shifts
within and downwind of the BCD processing area. Direct reading instruments will
monitor for VOCs at a minimum of twice per shift. Dust monitoring will occur
concurrent with screening and stockpiling activities.
3.5 Stack Emission Monitoring and Stack Testing
In addition to the process area monitoring, continuous process stack monitoring will be
conducted. The monitoring points will be located at the discharge of the flameless
thermal oxidizers (FTO) for both vapor recovery systems. Stack emission monitoring
provides total hydrocarbon (THC) readings using the THC analyzer. The analyzer
package will be capable of sample extraction, filtration and delivery to analyzer. The unit
will operate unattended, including calibration gas sequencing and local data collection.
The data collection computer will receive process concentration and calibration data from
the analyzer, archive the data and generate the required reports. Local computer software
will review the collected data and alert operators of any emission exceedance. Real-time
stack emissions data can be accessed/viewed by site personnel using the same software.
ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants
14
Final March 2000
Air Monitoring Plan Warren County PCB Landfill
3.5.1 Stack Testing
Stack emission tests will be conducted during the PDP testing to verify that
CBCD and BBCD emissions do not exceed established project requirements. A
qualified stack-testing contractor will conduct all stack tests. The Contractor,
with the assistance of the stack testing contractor will need to execute and submit
to the NCDENR, Division Of Air Quality (DAQ) a Source Test Notification
Form. A Source Test Notification Form is contained in Appendix V. The Source
Test Notification Form provides the DAQ with necessary information to
determine potential problem areas related to a proposed source-testing project
prior to the actual test date. The primary goals of the Source Test Notification
Form are to initiate communication between representatives of the permitted
facility, the testing consultant and the DAQ and to identify and resolve any
specific testing concerns prior to testing. Specifically, where modifications to
standard test methods maybe required due to configuration of the stacks and/or
stack emission airflow's, the modification and procedures can be discussed and
approved prior to stack testing. The executed form should be issued at least 45
days prior to testing.
During each of the three performances test runs, two stacks, one each for the
CBCD and BBCD will be tested. The stack sampling will occur at the discharge
of the CBCD-VRS and BBCD-VRS.
Unlike continuous process stack monitoring, the stack testing will monitor for a
wide range of constituents including: VOCs, PCBs, Dioxins/Furans, Semi-
volatiles, Metals, HCl, and Particulate. Table 3-2 provides a list of the
quantitative stack sampling. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has
created reference methodologies, which are included in 40 CFR 60 Appendix A
or in SW-846 (EPA's Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste). Each
methodology sets the sampling protocol used by the stack testing contractor.
Below summarizes the EPA Methodologies related to this site-work:
• VOCs -EPA Method SW-846 0030 (VOST)
• PCB's -EPA Method 23
• Dioxins/Furans -EPA Method 23
• Semivolatiles -EPA Method SW-846 0010
• Metals -EPA Method 29
• HCl -EPA Method 26 (non-isokinetic) or 26A (isokinetic)
• Particulate -EPA Method 5 ( total particulate) or 201 A (PM 1 o particulate)
• THCs -EPA Method 25A
Temperature-EPA Method 4
3.5.2 General Stack Sampling Procedures:
Each test for the individual classes of target materials will consist of three
sampling runs on each of the two stacks utilizing the equipment specified in the
ETG Environmental, Inc I BF A Environmental Consultants
15
Final March 2000
Air Monitoring Plan Warren County PCB Landfill
sampling methods (e.g., isokinetic sampling trains, continuous emissions monitors
[CEMS], proportional sampling trains).
Sampling traverse point locations will be determined by the use of EPA Method
1. Stack velocity and volumetric flowrate determinations will utilize EPA
Method 2. Stack gas dry molecular weight and moisture will be determined by
EPA Methods 3 and 4.
The duration of the sampling runs will be determined in one of several ways. Run
duration is defined in some sampling methods ( e.g., EPA Method 0030). Other
methods may require the calculation of run duration based upon analytical
quantification limits and sampling rate ( e.g., EPA Method 23). The duration of
other sampling runs may be determined by or in consultation with North Carolina
Department Environment and Natural Resources (NCDENR) in order to insure
adequate sample volumes for target material quantification.
Sampling will be performed isokinetically where required ( e.g., EPA Method 5
for particulate). All analytical procedures will be those specified in the individual
sampling methods. Sample maximum hold times will be adhered to and all
samples will be subject (in transit to laboratories) to custody and security
procedures that will insure accurate sample analysis.
3.5.3 Stack Sampling Data
The stack sampling data collected during the PD tests will be compared to the
allowable stack emissions determined by the air dispersion modeling. NCDENR
has provided health based standards for allowable concentrations at the property
line. The air dispersion modeling will be used to convert allowable property line
concentrations to allowable stack emissions. Appendix H of the PDP provides an
explanation of the model (Screen3) including example inputs and resultant stack
emission limits, and the NCDENR Air Emission Standards are included as
Appendix I of this plan.
3.6 Perimeter Area
The site perimeter has been established at the state property boundary. During all
operations, the HSO or his/her representative will monitor the airborne emissions at least
twice per shift, adjacent to the perimeter, at one upwind and two downwind locations.
Direct reading instruments will monitor for VOCs and respirable dust.
Additional quantitative monitoring will take place during the PD and early phases of
work. See Table 3-2 for a summary of the sampling plan. Initially, two downwind and
one upwind PCB, VOC, Dioxin/Furan and particulate air samples will be collected for
laboratory analysis on a daily basis. Drawing 102 shows the proposed perimeter sampling
locations based upon prevailing wind direction and soil treatment area. The frequency
and numbers of samples collected will decrease as site work continues ( assuming earlier
ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants
16
Final March 2000
Air Monitoring Plan Warren County PCB Landfill
analysis proves low or no levels of constituents). PCB and Dioxin/Furan monitoring will
be conducted on a time-weighted basis using PUF samples. VOC samples will be
collected using SUMMA canisters. Particulate monitoring will target the respirable dust
fraction (i.e. particles less than 10 microns in size) of total dust generated. Particulate will
be monitored at each sampling location using a PDM-3 and in several locations using a
TSP sampler.
3. 7 Engineering Controls
Appropriate engineering controls will be instituted to reduce emissions in the event the
action level is exceeded during remedial activities. Examples of engineering controls for
dust control include spraying of water or chemicals, covering sources of dust, and
reducing vehicle speeds on access roads or speed of excavation. Examples of engineering
controls for VOCs include spraying stockpiles with foam or covering stockpiles with
plastic sheeting or other barriers.
ETG Environmental, Inc I BF A Environmental Consultants
17
Final March 2000
Air Monitoring Plan Warren County PCB Landfill
4.0 PERSONNEL MONITORING AND SAMPLING
The Site's Health and Safety Plan provides detailed information on the personnel
monitoring planned during each phase of site work. Table 4-1, summarizes the personnel
monitoring and sampling plan.
4.1 Site Air Monitoring and Sampling Program
The sampling and analysis will focus on PCBs, dioxin/Furans, organics and
particulates/dust. The analytical results will be compared to the contaminant work zone
action level lattice. Based upon the analytical results a sampling program will be
finalized for the full-scale project. In addition, further engineering controls may be
instituted to reduce airborne contaminants. Table 4-1 Personnel Monitoring and
Sampling Summary depicts the site personal air monitoring and sampling program for the
site.
Periodically, minimally twice per shift, all operational areas will be surveyed to measure
respirable dust levels during on-site activities, the HSO will monitor the work area with
real time instruments. Air monitoring shall focus in the worker's breathing zone,
although source readings may be taken for reference.
Monitoring shall be conducted when material handling activities are being performed.
Monitoring shall be conducted as frequently as necessary during all initial activities to
determine the effectiveness of engineering controls and verify levels of protection. Once
activities have been shown to produce consistent air monitoring results, which do not
exceed action levels, the frequency of the air monitoring may be reduced at the discretion
of the HSO.
All instruments utilized shall be response checked daily and calibrated as per
manufacturer's recommendations and in accordance with acceptable industrial hygiene
protocol. A calibration log shall be kept for each instrument. The HSO shall be
responsible for training personnel in the proper use and care of all monitoring
instrumentation.
4.2 Integrated Personal Sampling
In addition to real time air monitoring during remedial activities, a personal air
monitoring program shall provide for the determination of worker's airborne exposure
levels to specific contaminants. Such a determination will be made from laboratory
analysis of air samples collected from representative workers during an average work
shift. The selection of the workers to be monitored for daily exposure shall be done by
the HSO based on his professional judgement of the characteristics of the jobs and the
locations in each work area, and will be biased toward those workers determined to be
highest at risk.
ETG Environmental, lnc / BF A Environmental Consultants
18
Final March 2000
Air Mon1,vt'ing Plan Warren County 1 ~rl Landfill Description Performance Demonstration (PD) Monitoring WARREN COUNTY PCB LANDFILL DETOXIFICATION PROJECT TABLE 4-1 PERSONNEL MONITORING AND SAMPLING SUMMARY Samples Location Frequency Quality Sampling Compounds Preparation/ Control Equipment o Analytical Methods Excavation 2 workers for 2 days each Laboratory QA/QC Gillian Air Toxic Organic NIOSH 1500, 1501 Area I blank per PD testing Pump w/ Compounds method specific media Total Dust NIOSH 0500 PCBs NIOSH 5503 Mini PUF Dioxin/Furans EPA TO-9A Blending I worker for 2 days Laboratory QA/QC Gillian Air Toxic Organic NIOSH 1500, 1501 Area Pump w/ Compounds method specific media Total Dust NIOSH 0500 PCBs NIOSH 5503 Mini PUF Dioxin/Furans EPA TO-9A BBCD and 2 workers for 2 days each Laboratory QA/QC Gillian Air Toxic Organic NIOSH 1500, 1501 CBCD I blank per PD testing Pump w/ Compounds Area method specific media Total Dust NIOSH 0500 PCBs NIOSH 5503 Mini PUF Dioxin/Furans EPA TO-9A Liquid 1 worker for 2 days Laboratory QA/QC Gillian Air Toxic Organic NIOSH 1500, 1501 BCD Area Pump w/ Compounds method specific media Total Dust NIOSH0500 PCBs NIOSH 5503 MiniPUF Dioxin/Furans EPA TO-9A ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants T9 Final March 2000 Estimated Samples 5 5 5 5 2 2 2 2 5 5 5 5 2 2 2 2
Air Momwring Plan Description Location Performance Aqueous Demonstration Phase Area (PD) Monitoring ( continued) All Processing Areas Monitoring Full Scale /\ Excavation Monitoring -Area First 2 Wks. Blending Area BBCD and CBCD Area Liquid BCD Area Warren County h..,d Landfill WARREN COUNTY PCB LANDFILL DETOXIFICATION PROJECT TABLE 4-1 PERSONNEL MONITORING AND SAMPLING SUMMARY Samples Frequency Quality Sampling Compounds Preparation/ Control Equipment o Analytical Methods I worker for 2 days Laboratory QA/QC Gillian Air Toxic Organic NIOSH 1500, 1501 Pump w/ Compounds method specific media Total Dust NIOSH 0500 PCBs N1OSH 5503 Mini PUF Dioxin/Furans EPA TO-9A Direct readings* of Dust and Daily Calibration PDM-3 Dust Direct reading VOC's in Excavation, Soil Blending, BBCD, CBCD, LBCD, and Aqueous Phase Treatment areas. Readings PID/FID voes Direct reading taken in breathing zone every 2 hours. 2 workers for 3 days each Laboratory QA/QC Gillian Air Total Dust NIOSH 0500 1 blank per week Pump w/ method specific media PCBs NIOSH 5503 1 worker for 3 days Laboratory QA/QC Gillian Air Total Dust NIOSH 0500 Pump w/ method specific PCBs NIOSH 5503 media 2 workers for 3 days each Laboratory QA/QC Gillian Air Total Dust NIOSH 0500 1 blank per week Pump w/ method specific media PCBs NIOSH 5503 1 worker for 3 days Laboratory QA/QC Gillian Air Total Dust NIOSH 0500 Pump w/ method specific PCBs NIOSH 5503 media Estimated Samples 2 2 2 2 Every 2 hours Every 2 hours 8 8 3 3 8 8 3 3 ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants 20 Final March 2000
Air Mona.v, mg Plan Warren County t ...,d Landfill Description Location Full Scale /\ Aqueous Monitoring -Phase Area First 2 Wks. (Continued) All Processing Areas Monitoring Full Scale -All After 2 Processing Weeks Areas Monitoring WARREN COUNTY PCB LANDFILL DETOXIFICATION PROJECT TABLE 4-1 PERSONNEL MONITORING AND SAMPLING SUMMARY Samples Frequency Quality Sampling Compounds Preparation/ Control Equipment o Analytical Methods l worker for 3 days Laboratory QA/QC Gillian Air Total Dust NIOSH 0500 Pump w/ method specific PCBs NIOSH 5503 media Direct readings of Dust and Daily Calibration PDM-3 Dust Direct reading VOC's in Excavation, Soil Blending, BBCD, CBCD, LBCD, and Aqueous Phase Treatment areas. Readings taken PID/FID voes Direct reading in breathing zone twice per shift. Direct readings of Dust and Daily Calibration PDM-3 Dust Direct reading VOC's in Excavation, Soil Blending, BBCD, CBCD, LBCD, and Aqueous Phase Treatment areas. Twice per shift. Readings taken in PID/FID voes Direct reading breathing zone. * Direct reading data used for both personnel monitoring and process monitoring information. Estimated Samples 3 3 Every 2 hours Every 2 hours Minimum of 5 locations Minimum of 5 locations /\ This Integrated Sampling Summary assumes initial readings show no elevated constituent levels. If elevated levels are found, additional monitoring/sampling will be planned and the table will be modified. o Sampling equipment noted or equivalent. ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants L. I Final March 2000
Air Monitoring Plan Warren County PCB Landfill
Initially, personal air monitoring will be performed on one (1) to two (2) representative
employees for three days over the first two (2) weeks of full-scale operations. These
samples shall be screened for major contaminants of concern listed in Table 4-1.
Screening for these specific contaminants shall take place during any new work phase.
The continued sampling strategy shall depend on the results of the initial monitoring.
Follow-up worst case samples shall be performed at the discretion of the HSO. If levels
above the Action Level are detected, additional air sampling shall be performed. Air
samples will be submitted to an AIHA accredited Laboratory for analysis.
Personal air sampling results will be used to determine personnel exposure during
remedial construction, and will determine if the level of personal protection is adequate
for work being performed. Upgrades/down grades in levels of personal protective
equipment are based on real-time direct reading instruments and verified by integrated
personal sampling. Initial levels shall be established based on prior project experience
with similar materials, calculated exposure values based on sample analysis, and real-
time readings during sample collection.
Calibrated personal air sampling pumps shall be used to draw air through appropriate
sampling media in order to collect representative integrated air samples. For assessing
employee exposures, sampling media shall be placed in the approximate breathing zone
of representative, potentially exposed employees. Employees to be monitored shall be
selected based on a worst case sampling strategy, such that those employees with the
greatest potential for exposure shall be monitored
ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants
22
Final March 2000
~ ,s.~\i ~-----~,o~ ® CONFIDENTIAL -Do not copy or disseminate without prior permission of ETG Environmental, Inc. Any unauthorized use is prohibited. ~ ~ -::r3~~' \ 716e m \.«! .. ~ -\\~ \ \ \ \' \ \ I I \ I \ ,,---=~ ~~ ..-=--"-~=---==-··~ I• -----·' ~-~ ----=~] =-='7\=----~---II \ \\ \ -,\ \ S\OfV1le ~cO \ i \ i:504 f1'l \ \ \\ ' \ I t \b. \ \ ---==--· ----~---------~. 0 . ---- -40 -SCA!.£ IN fE£J 80 ~~ ETG ENVIRONMENTAL, INC. lliiia. -16 Hagerty Blvd., West Chester PA 19382•[phone] DATE: BCD PROCESS SITE LAYOUT WARREN COUNTY PCB LANDFILL WARREN COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA FILE NAME.: 9/15/99 DWG\4040\POP2-1 REV 0 Scale os shown !Drawn by: MR Sheet DRAWING 101 l: ~i , ' f i f I ! I: L .. r-b
\ ''-~ I . \ I ._JJJ..>.AA,~v..t->--A>->-A~ "'"\" • I l I • '-t. ·\· -., .. -)-.. tx ·/ ~~~ _L_" .\. T -'-~.;-: -.._ P~OPOSED AIR rr---~~~~ ~ \ \ \;u9N1tpRING ,1..ocA TIPN /4 1 -1 1 \ , \_ __ /J . 'i I I I.,__------\ J -2. • " . I ...>J-f""'_,..{'"<I - \ _..J ) I \ . " I ----\ '-.. 1 ~..lrr"' ------?-I I · "-If / ,,,,,-, / / --' \ I \ .-/ I I / .,,,--. / Jr-r / _ ~ ......_ ./ I LANDFILL l -__,. • _ --~ ./ ./,.., //_, / ,.. __ I',,,,,--·./ \I J / ( ( '~ ---' I / 1 --1 /"-/ ( / ,,,,,;-, -\. I I I 1.,,,--t--' fl((/"'-, I I\ -/. // \\ \ '----J-J--L.J I I \ / ./ J"\ "--I \ \ L / El / '"' . . ,..:._ 1, ' / \ -.,J / I ( ,"r~ --'--1 If! 1 ..., / _,.I I 1 1~ " // : ; 11 r _.,.... / I I t I \ -~I -( I ,,\_ ----,~ ' ~ -L-i,q~~~~~~===E~~S:=4~~=-l -... .....__ . ' \ _, I ---._ --l ·\ . --..__ ~ ........... --f'V"l"'~4fxv:~~~ . \ -, --~ ---1 " " I , I"-, \'-,r --S01L-TREA " ~-.. --~ " '-' --. '---~ " ----\ --.. " " ' . ' --/~'-1 " \ \. '-..· ---__ /' \ \ --. '--~ "-_ -- -_, -.._ ~ 'I\ _ -------P80P AIR ~ ---'\ \ \, . -~J.E _P~-~ LINE:,,,-· . ~' ~ \~ _NOJl"l,r _ . . . _-~QN!"~G¥Q,(7 ~.!-l~"---\ .. _ , ""'I _ _. ---"-'\ '---.._ __ -----,--I f \ " ,--------. \ '-'i / / / / 0 150 - ----C:\OWG\ 4040\R 13-lOPO SCALE It FED JOO BASE MAP TAKEN FROM "EXISTING CONOlllONS TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEY." PREPARED BY AIKEN ck YRLE ASSOCIATES 9/07/99. ~~ ETG ENVIRONMENTAL, INC. I/Iii. W 16 Hagerty Blvd., West Chesler PA 19382•[phone] PROPOSED PERIMETER SAMPLING LOCATIONS I DRAWING WARREN COUNlY PCB LANDFILL 102
APPENDIX I
State of North Carolina
Administrative Code
ENR • ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2D .1100
SECTION .1100 -CONTROL OF TOXIC AIR POLLUTANTS
.1101 PURPOSE
This Section sets forth the rules for the control of toxic air pollutants to
protect human health.
History Note: Statutory Authority G.S. 143-215.3(a)(l);
143-215.107(a)(l),(3), (4), (SJ; 143B-282;
Eff. May 1, 1990 .
. 1102 APPLICABILITY
(a) The toxic air pollutant rules in this Section apply to all facilities
that emit a toxic air pollutant that are required to have a permit under
lSA NCAC 2Q .0700.
(b) Sources at facilities subject to this Section shall compiy with the
requirements of this Section as well as with any applicable requirements
in Sections .0500, .0900, and .1200.
History Note: Authority G.S. 143-215.3(a)(l); 143-
215.107(a)(l),(3),(4).(5); 143B-282; S. L. 1989, C. 168,
S. 45;
Eff. May 1, 1990.
Amended Eff. July 1, 1998, December 1, 1991 .
. 1103 DEFINITION
For the purpose of this Section, the following definitions apply:
(1) "Asbestos" means asbestos fibers as defined in 40 CFR 61.141.
(2) "CAS Number" means the Chemical Abstract Service registry
number identifying a particular substance.
(3) "Cresol" means o-cresol, p-cresol, m-cresol or any combination of
these compounds.
(4) "GACT" means any generally available control technology
emission standard applied to an area source or facility pursuant
to Section 112 of the federal Clean Air Act.
(5) "Hexane isomers except n-hexane" means 2-methyl pentane, 3-
rnethyl pentane, 2,2-dimethyl butane, 2,3-dimethyl butane, or
any combination of these compounds.
(6) "MACT" means any maximum achievable control technology
emission standard applied to a source or facility pursuant to
Section 112 of the federal Clean Air Act.
NORTH CAROLINA ADMINISTRATIVE CODE
S 37 D-1100-1
ENR -ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2D .1100
(7) "Polychlorinated biphenyls" means any chlorinated biphenyl
compound or mixture of chlorinated biphenyl compounds.
(8) "Toxic air pollutant" means any of those carcinogens. chronic
toxicants, acute systemic toxicants, or acute irritants listed in
Rule .1104 of this Section.
History Note: Authority G.S. 143-213; 143-215.3(a)(l); 143B-282; S. L.
1989, C. 168, s. 45;
Eff. May 1, 1990;
Amended Eff. July 1, 1998 .
. 1104 TOXIC AIR POLLUTANT GUIDELINES
A facility shall not emit any of the following toxic air pollutants in
such quantities that may cause or contribute beyond the premises
(adjacent property boundary) to any significant ambient air
concentration that may adversely affect human health. In determining
these significant ambient air concentrations, the Division shall be
guided by the following list of acceptable ambient levels in milligrams
per cubic meter at 77° F (25 ° C) and 29.92 inches (760 mm) of mercury
pressure (except for asbestos):
Pollutant (CAS Number) Annual 24-hour
(Carcin-(Chronic
ogens) Toxicants)
acetaldehyde (7 5-07 -0)
acetic acid (64-19-7)
acrolein (107-02-8)
acrvlonitrile (107-13-1) 1.5 X 10-4
ammonia (7664-41-7)
ammonium chromate (7788-6.2 X 10-4
98-9)
ammonium dichromate 6.2 X 10-4
(7789-09-5)
aniline (62-53-3)
arsenic and inorganic 2.3 X 10"7
arsenic comoounds
NORTH CAROLINA ADMINISTRATIVE CODE
S 37
!-hour 1-hour
(Acute (Acute
Systemic Irritants)
Toxicants)
27
3.7
0.08
2.7
1
D-1100-2
ENR -ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
Pollutant (CAS Number) Annual 24-hour
(Carcin-(Chronic
ogens) To,a.cants)
asbestos (1332-21-4) 2.8 X 10"11
fibers/ml
aziridine (151-56-4) 0.006
benzene (71-43-2) 1.2 X 10·4
benzidine and salts 1.5 X 10.a
(92-87-5)
benzo(a)ovrene (50-32-8) 3.3 X 10·5
benzvl chloride (100-44-7)
beryllium (7 440-41-7) 4.1 X 10-6
beryllium chloride 4.lxl0-o
(7787-4 7-5)
beryllium fluoride 4.1 X 10-6
(7787-49-7)
beryllium nitrate 4 .1 X 10-6
(13597-99-4)
bis-chloromethyl ether 3.7 X 10"7
(542-88-1)
bromine (7726-95-6)
1,3-butadiene (106-99-0) 1.7 X 10"4
cadmium (7 440-43-9) 5.5 X 10-6
cadmium acetate (543-90-8) 5.5 X 10-6
cadmium bromide 5.5 X 10-6
(7789-42-6)
calcium chromate 8.3 X 10.a
(13765-19-0)
carbon disulfide (7 5-15-0) 0.186
carbon tetrachloride 6.7 X 10-3
(56-23-5)
chlorine (7782-50-5) 0.0375
chlorobenzene (108-90-7) 2.2
chloroform (67-66-3) 4.3 X 1Q·3
NORTH CAROLINA AO:MINISTRATIVE CODE
S 37
2D .1100
1-hour 1-hour
(Acute (Acute
Systemic Irritants)
Toxicants)
0.5
-
-
0.2
0.9
D-1100-3
ENR-ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
Pollutant (CAS Number) Annual 24-hour
(Carcin-(Chronic
ogens) Toxicants)
chloroorene (126-99-8) 0.44
chromic acid (7738-94-5) 6.2 X 10_.
chromium (VI) 8.3 X 10"8
cresol (1319-77-3)
p-dichlorobenzene
(106-46-7)
dichlorodifluoromethane 248
(75-71 -8)
dichlorofluoromethane 0.5
(75-43-4)
di (2-ethy lhexy 1) p hthalate 0.03
(117-81-7)
dimethyl sulfate (77 -7 8-1) 0.003
1,4-dioxane (123-91-1) 0.56
epichlorohyd.rin 8.3 X 10"2
(106-89-8)
ethyl acetate (141-78-6)
ethylenediamine 0.3
(107-15-3)
ethylene dibromide 4.0 X 10·◄
(106-93-4)
ethylene dichloride 3.8 X 1Q·3
(107-06-2)
ethylene glycol monoethyl 0.12
ether ( 110-80-5)
ethylene oxide (75-21-8) 2.7 X 1Q·5
ethyl mercaotan (75-08-1)
fluorides 0.016
formaldehyde (50-00-0)
hexachlorocyclopentadiene 0.0006
(77-47-4)
NORTH CAROLINA ADMINISTRATIVE CODE
S 37
2D .1100
I-hour 1-hour
(Acute (Acute
Systemic Irritants)
Toxicanrs)
3.5
2.2
66
140
2.5
1.9
0.1
0.25
0.15
0.01
D-1100-4
ENR-ENVIRONMENT AL MANAGEMENT
Pollutant (CAS Number) Annual 24-hour
(Carcin-(Chronic
ogens) Toxicants)
hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 7.6 X 10-8
(57653-85-7)
n-hexane (110-54-3) 1.1
hexane isomers except
n-hexane
hydrazine (302-01-2) 0.0006
hydrogen chloride
(7647-01-0)
hydrogen cyanide (7 4-90-8) 0.14
hydrogen fluoride 0.03
(7664-39-3)
hydrogen sulfide
(7783-06-4)
maleic anhydride 0.012
(108-31-6)
manganese and compounds 0.031
manganese 0.0006
cyclopentadienyl
tricarbonyl (12079-65-1)
manganese tetroxide 0.0062
{1317-35-7)
mercurv, alk.vl 0.00006
mercury, aryl and inorganic 0.0006
compounds
mercurv, vapor {7439-97-6) 0.0006
methyl chloroform 12
(71-55-6)
methylene chloride 2.4 X lQ·2
(75-09-2)
methyl ethyl ketone 3.7
(78-93-3)
methyl isobutyl ketone 2.56
(108-10-ll
NORTH CAROLINA AD.MINISTRATIVE CODE
S 37
2D .1100
1-hour 1-hour
(Acute (Acute
Systemic Irritants)
Toxicants)
360
0.7
1.1
0.25
2.1
0.1
245
1.7
88.5
30
D-1100-5
ENR-ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
Pollutant (CAS Number) Annual 24-hour
(Carcin-(Chronic
ogens) Toxicants)
methvl mercaotan (7 4-93-1)
nickel carbonyl 0.0006
(13463-39-3)
nickel metal (7 440-02-0) 0.006
nickel. soluble compounds. 0.0006
as nickel
nickel subsulfide 2.1 X 10'6
(12035-72-2)
nitric acid (7697-37-2)
nitrobenzene (98-95 -3) 0.06
N-nitrosodirnethylamine 5.0x 10·5
(62-75-9)
pentachlorophenol 0.003
(87-86-5)
perchloroethylene 1.9 X lQ·l
(127-18-4)
phenol (108-95-2)
phosgene (75-44-5) 0.0025
phosphine (7803-51-2)
polychlorinated biphenyls 8.3 X 10·5
(1336-36-3)
potassium chromate 6.2 X 10-4
(7789-00-6)
potassium d.ichromate 6.2 X 10-4
(7778-50-9)
sodium chromate 6.2 X 10-4
(7775-11-3)
sodium d.ichromate 6.2x 10◄
(10588-01-9)
strontium chromate 8.3 X 10-1
(7789-06-2)
stvrene (100-42-5)
NORTH CAROLINA AD.MINISTRATIVE CODE
S 37
2D .1100
1-hour 1-hour
(Acute (Acute
Systemic Irritants)
Toxicants)
0.05
1
0.5
0.025
0.95
0.13
10.6
D-1100-6
ENR-ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGE.\IBNT 2D .1100
Pollutant (CAS Number) Annual 24-hour 1-hour 1-hour
(Carcin-(Chronic (Acute (Acute
ogens) Toxicants) Systemic Irritants)
Toxicants)
sulfuric acid (7664-93-9) 0.012 0.1
tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 3.0 X 10'9
(1746-01-6)
l, l .1.2-tetrachloro-2.2.-52
difluoroethane (76-11 -9)
l, l,2,2-tetrachloro-1.2-52
difluoroethane (76-12-0)
l , l ,2,2-tetrachloroethane 6.3 X 10·3
(79-34-5)
toluene (108-88-3) 4.7 56
toluene d.iisocyanate, 2,4-
(584-84-9) and 2,6-0.0002
(91-08-7) isomers
trichloroethylene (79-01 -6) 5.9 X lQ·Z
trichlorofluoromethane 560
(75-69-4)
l, l ,2-trichloro-1,2,2-950
trifluoroethane (76-13-1)
vinyl chloride (75-01-4) 3.8 X lQ·4
vinylidene chloride 0.12
(75-35-4)
xvlene (1330-20-7) 2.7 65
zinc chromate (13530-65-9) 8.3 X 10.a
History Note: Authority G.S. 143-215.3(a)(l); 143-215.107(a)(3),(4),(5);
143B-282;5.L. 1989, C. 168, S. 45;
Eff. May 1, 1990;
Amended Eff. July 1. 1998, September 1, 1992; March 1,
1992 .
. 1105 FACILITY REPORTING, RECORDKEEPING
The Director may require, according to Section .0600 of this
Subchapter, the owner or operator of a source subject to this Section to
monitor emissions of toxic air pollutants, to maintain records of these
NORTH CAROLINA ADMINISTRATIVE CODE
S 37 D-1100-7
ENR -ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2D .1100
emissions, and to report these emissions. The owner or operator of any
toxic air pollutant emission source subject to the requirements of this
Section shall comply with the monitoring, recordkeeping, and reporting
requirements in Section .0600 of this Subchapter.
History Note: Authority G.S. 143-215.3(a)(l); 143-215.107(a)(4),(5);
143B-282;
Eff. May 1. 1990;
Amended Eff. April 1, 1999; October 1, 1991 .
. 1106 DETERMINATION OF AMBIENT AIR CONCENTRATION
(a) Modeling shall not be used for enforcement. Modeling shall be
used to determine process operational and air pollution control
parameters and emission rates for toxic air pollutants to place in the air
quality permit for that facility that will prevent any of the acceptable
ambient levels in Rule .1104 of this Section from being exceeded, with
such exceptions as may be allowed under 15A NCAC 2Q .0700.
Enforcing these permit stipulations and conditions shall be the
mechanism used to ensure that the requirements of Rule .1104 of this
Section, with such exceptions as may be allowed by' 1 SA NCAC 2Q
.0700, are met.
(b) The owner or operator of the facility may request the Division to
perform a modeling analysis of the facility or provide the analysis
himself. If the owner or operator of the facility requests the Division to
perform the modeling analysis, he shall provide emissions rates, stack
parameters, and other information that the Division needs to do the
modeling. The data that the owner or operator of the facility provides
the Division to use in the model or in deriving the data used in the
model shall be the process, operational and air pollution control
equipment parameters and emission rates that will be contained in the
facility's permit. If the Division's initial review of the modeling request
indicates extensive or inappropriate use of state resources or if the
Division's modeling analysis fails to show compliance with the
acceptable ambient levels in Rule .1104 of this Section, the modeling
demonstration becomes the responsibility of the owner or operator of
the facility.
(c) When the owner or operator of the facility is responsible for
providing the modeling demonstration and the data used in the
modeling, the owner or operator of the facility shall use in the model or
in deriving data used in the model the process operational and air
pollution control equipment parameters and emission rates that will be
NORTH CAROLINA AD~STRATIVE CODE
S 37 D-1100-8
ENR · ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2D .1100
contained in his permit. Sources that are not required to be included in
the model will not be included in the permit to emit toxic air pollutants.
(d) For the following pollutants, modeled emission rates shall be
based on the highest emissions occurring in any single 15 minute
period. The resultant modeled 1-hour concentrations shall then be
compared to the applicable 1-hour acceptable ambient levels to
determine compliance. These pollutants are:
(1) acetaldehyde (75-07-0)
(2) acetic acid (64-19-7)
(3) acrolein (107-02-8)
(4) ammonia (7664-41-7)
(5) bromine (7726-95-6)
(6) chlorine (7782-50-5)
(7) formaldehyde (50-00-0)
(8) hydrogen chloride (7647-01-0)
(9) hydrogen fluoride (7664-39-3)
(10) nitric acid (7697-37-2)
(e) The owner or operator of the facility and the Division may use any
model allowed by 40 CFR 51.166(1) provided that the model is
appropriate for the facility being modeled. The owner or operator or the
Division may use a model other than one allowed by 40 CFR 51.166(1)
provided that the Director determines that the model is equivalent to the
model allowed by 40 CFR 51.166(1). Regardless of model used, the owner
or operator and the Division shall model for cavity effects and shall
comply with the modeling requirements for stack height set out in Rule
.0533 of this Subchapter.
(f) Ambient air concentrations are to be evaluated for annual periods
over a calendar year, for 24-hour periods from midnight to midnight, and
for one-hour periods beginning on the hour.
(g) The owner or operator of the facility shall identify each toxic air
pollutant emitted and its corresponding emission rate using mass
balancing analysis. source testing. or other methods that the Director
may approve as providing an equivalently accurate estimate of the
emission rate.
(h) The owner or operator of the facility shall submit a modeling plan
to the Director and shall have received approval of that plan from the
Director before submitting a modeling demonstration to the Director.
The modeling plan shall include:
(1) a diagram of the plant site, including locations of all stacks and
associated buildings;
(2) on-site building dimensions:
NORTH CAROLINA ADMINISTRATIVE CODE
S 37 D-1100-9
ENR-ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2D .1100
(3) a diagram showing property boundaries, including a scale, key
and north indicator;
(4) the location of the site on a United States Geological Survey
(USGS) map;
(5) discussion of good engineering stack height and building wake
effects for each stack;
(6) discussion of cavity calculations, impact on rolling and complex
terrain, building wake effects, and urban/rural considerations;
(7) discussion of reasons for model selection;
(8) discussion of meteorological data to be used;
(9) discussion of sources emitting the pollutant that are not to be
included in the model with an explanation of why they are being
excluded (i.e. why the source will not affect the modeling
analysis); and
(10) any other pertinent information.
History Note: Authority G.S. l 43-215.3(a)(l); 143-215.107(a)(3), (5);
143B-282; S. L. 1989, C. 168, S. 45;
Eff May 1,1990;
Amended Eff. July 1, 1998.
NORTH CAROLINA ADMINISTRATIVE CODE
S 37
[pages 11 thru 16 reserved]
D-1100-10
APPENDIX II
Air Monitoring Forms
DATE: _______ _ MONITORING MONITORING LOCATION TIME Air log 2 AIR MONITORING DATA FORM -REAL TIME READINGS WARREN COUNTY PCB LANDFILL INSTRUMENT UNITS AVERAGED MONITORING READING ( PPM or READING SAMPLER'S INSTRUMENT MGIMJ) (If necessarv) INITIALS NAME/ID file Name: air~moniuds Page __ of __ . DATE OF Barometric LAST Pressure TEMPERATURE CALIBRATION {In.Ha. l {dearee Fl 11/24199
CALIBRATION LOG
WARREN COUNTY PCB LANDFILL
INSTRUMENT MANUFACTURER AND MODEL: _____ _
INSTRUMENT ID NO.: _____ _
DATE TIME CALIBRATOR'S
INITIALS
Page_ot_.
COMMENTS
APPENDIX III
Major Contaminants of Concern
Table 3-3-/ Hazard Outli11e ofltlenti(ietl Chemical Contaminants o(Concern
.,fID:SI<;~. ROUTES OF ENTRY POINTS OFv' ..
PROPF,RTIES ATTACK/TARGET'
ORGANS
I. Polychlorinated Colorless to pale yellow. Inhalation. Absorpti on. Skin. eyes, liver. reproductive
Biphenyls sweet odor Ingestion. Contact system, Chloroacne
(PCB) Aroclor 1242.
(Chlorodiphenyl 42%
chlorine) , Polychlorinated Colorless to pale \'el low. Inhalation. Absorpt ion. Skin. eyes. liver. reproductive 0.5 mg1m3. [skin]
Biphenvls sweet odor I ngesuon. Comact system. Chloroacne
(PCB) Aroclor 1254.
(Chlorodiphenyl 54%
chlorine)
3. Polychlorinated Colorless to pale vellow. Inhalation. absorption. Skin. eyes. liver. reproductive NIOS H recommended
Biphenyls (PCB ) sweet odor ingestion. cuntact system. Ch loroacne TWA 0.00 1 mg/m3
Aroclor 1260
(Chlorodiphenyl 60%
chl orine)
4. Dioxin. TCDD. Colorless to white. Inhalation. Abso rption. Eyes. skin Respiratory I Nanogram/m'
TCDD. Crystalline solid lngesuon. Contact svstem. li ver. kidneys
2.3. 7,8-TCDD
5. Acetone Colorless liquid with a ' Inhalation. ingesti on. skin Eyes. skin. respiratory I 000 ppm, IDLH 2500 ppm
fragrant. mint-like odor and/or eve contact system. CNS
6. Benzene Colorless to light-yellow Inhalation. ski n absorption. Eyes. skin. respiratory TWA I ppm. STEL 5 ppm. IDLH
liquid with an aromatic ingestion. skin and/or eye system. blood. central 500 ppm
odor contact nervous system. bone marrow
7 2-Butanone (MEK) Colorless liquid with a Inhalation. ingestion. sk in Eyes. sk in. respiratory TWA 200 ppm. IDLH 2000 ppm
moderately sharp. and/or eye contact system. CNS
fragrant. mint-or acetone
like odor
Chloroform Colorless liquid with a Inhalation. skin absorption. Liver. kidneys, heart. eyes, Ceiling 50 ppm, IDLH 500 ppm,
pleasant odor ingestion. skin and/or eye skin. central nervous system ACGIH TWA IO ppm
contact
C) Methyl Chloride Colorless gas with a faint. Inhalation. skin and/or eye Central nervous system. eyes. TWA I 00 ppm, C 200 ppm 300 ppm
sweet odor which is not contact (liquid) I ungs, I iver. kidneys. skin. 5 min. peak in any 3 hours
noticeable at dangerous Reproduction System
concentrations
10. Carbon Tetrachloride Colorless liquid with a Inhalation. skin absorption. Central nervous system. eyes. TWA IO ppm. C25 ppm, 200 ppm,
characteristic ether I ike ingestion. skin and/or eye lungs. liver. kidneys. skin (5 min . max peak in any 4 hours)
odor contact
II. Methylene Chloride Colorless liquid wi th a Inhalation. skin absorpti on. Eyes. skin. cardiovascul ar TWA 25 ppm. STEL 125 ppm.
chloroform-like odor ingestion. skin and/or eye system. central nervous IOLI-I 2300 ppm
contact system
12. Chl orobenzene Colorless liquid with an Inhalation. ingestion. skin Eyes. skin, respiratory TWA 75 ppm, IDLH 1000 ppm
almond-like odor and/o r eve contact system. central nervous
system, Liver
13. Fluorodichloro-Colorless to water white. Inhalation. ingestion. skin Skin. respiratory system. TWA I 000 ppm, IDLH 2000 ppm
methane nearly odorless liquid or and/or eye contact cardiovascular system
gas
14. Carbon Disulfide Colorless to faint vel low Inhalation. skin absorption. Central nervous system. TWA 20 ppm. C30 ppm. I 00 ppm
liquid with a sweet ethe r-ingestion. skin and/or eye peripheral nervous system. (30-m inute maximum peak)
like odor. contact cardiovascular system, eyes,
kidneys. liver. skin.
reproductive system
DUST EXPOSURE CALCULATION WORKSHEET
Chemical
.luminum
ntimony
.rsenic
arium
eryllium
:admium
:hlordane
:hromium
:hrome (hex)
:ob alt
:op per
:yanides
Jioxins, TEO
:ndosulfan
=1uorides
-ead
r !Se
vtercury
\Jickel
Jil Mist
:,CBs
:iNAs
?hthalates
-={OX
Selenium
Silica
Silver
Thallium
nn
Titanium
Trinitrotoluene
Vanadium
0
0.5
0.002
0.005
0.5
0.5
0.01
0.02
1
5
1 E-09
0.1
2.5
0.05
0.2
0.025
1
5
0.5
0.2
5
0.5
0.2
0.05
0.01
0.1
2
10
0.1
0.05
EQUATIONS USED IN THIS CALCULATION
.. Aion level =
,, ur one dust)
(1 E+6)(Exposure Limit mg/m3)
(Concentration mg/kg)(Safety Factor)
· APPENDIX IV
Windrose Date Raleigh-Durham Airport 1984-1992
VV I NDROSE84-92
Januar-y 1-December-31; Midnight-11 PM
N
---------------------..... ...... / ..... / ..... / ' / ' / ' / -----------' / ----' / / ...... " / ' / / ...... " / ' / / ' " I / ' \ / / --" \ I / _,. / " \ I / / " \ / / I / \ \ I I / \ \ I I / \ \ I I / \ \ \ I I I \ \ \ I I I \ \
I I I \ \ \
\ f I I \ \ I f I I \ \ I 101/. I I I \ \ax f I \ I I 16.1/. I J I I I I I I I l I I I r I I I I w I I I I I I I I I I I I I l I r I I \ I I r I I \ I I I I \ I I ' I I I I f \ \ I I I \ \ I I
\ \ I I I
\ \ I I I I \ \ I I I \ \ / I I \ \ / I I \ / \ / I I \ " / / I / \ / / / I '\ ---/ I '\ / / / " / / " / / _,.
" .,, _,. / ' ---/ ' / ' / ' .,,
' / ..... _,. ..... ..... _,. ......... --____ . _______ ...-.,, --
s
WIND SPEED (KNOTS)
i 8 4-6 7-10 11-16 17-21 +21
I CALMS r-c=:i:
1
::::s-~::::ss~i222Z2ZZ~ I 111
--
CALM WINDS 6. 83.Y.
NOTE: Frequencies
l ndlcote direction
f'r-om which the
w I nd I s b l ow I ng.
E
I
I
I
I
I I
I
I
I
I
I r
{ w I
I
I
\
\
I
\
\
\
\
' \
\
8
92WINDROSE
January 1-0ecember-31; Midnight-11 PM
N
--------------------......
/
,., .....
/ ' / ' / -------' / --' -----' / ,., ---' / / ..... / " / / .....
/ / ' '\ / --------' " / / ----, ' / / ,.,-" " / ....... '\ I / / ..... \ / ' " I / / ' \
I I / ' '\ \
I I / ----\ \ / / \ I / \
I / / \ \ \
I I \ \ \
I I \ \ \
I I \ \ \ \
I I I \ \ \ \
I I I \ \ \
I I I \ \ \ \ 12¼ I I I \ \ \ 10¼ I I I \ I 81/. \
I I I 16 1/. \ I \
I { { I I I I
I { I I I ! I
I I i I I I I E
I I I I I I I
I I I I I I I
I I I I I I
\ \ I I I I
\ I I I I I
\ \ I I I I
\ \ I I I I
\ \ I I I I
\ \ I I I I
\ \ / I I I
\ \ / I I I \ / I I I \ /
\ \ ,., / I I I
\ \ / I I
\ \. / I I / I I \ ,/
/ / I \ /
\ -/ / I
'\ ----------/ / /
" ,/ / / / ' /
' .... ,,,.,,,. /
' -----/
' ----------/
' / ..... / ..... / ..... / ..... ,., --------------------
s
CALM WINOS 7. 02½
WIND SPEED (KNOTS)
NOTE: Frequencies
lndlccte direction
f'rom which the
w i nd l s b l ow i ng.
WINDROSE91
Jonuo~y 1-Decambe~ 31~ Midnight-ii PM
N
.,,...,-------------... / .._
/ .........
' / ---------" / ~ --. / ' " / / ' "-I / .,,,,.,.,.,------'-..
/ -.. "' '\ I / .........
/ / '-.. '\ \ I I / ,,.,... "' \ \ I I / \ I / \ \ I I I / \ \ \ I I I I \ \ \ \ I I I I \ \ \ \ 1 :2Y. f I \ \ e¾ 11217.
I l { ~6¾ I \ ' r I r ' I w r ~ I E I I ' I I l l \ ~ ! I f ( I } I \ \ I I \ \ \ I I I I \ \ J I
\ \ I I I I
\ \ I J \ \ \ / I I I \ / / '\ ....,,~ I I \ /
/ / I \ / '-...._~ ____ .,..,, / / " ........ / / "-' /
-......... ......... .,..,,., ,/ / '-... ------/ ' ' / --. .,,,,, -----,.,-,.,,,,. -----
s
CALM W I NOS 51. :2.SY.
'NIND SPEED <KNOTS]
NOTE: Fr-a~usanc r as
7-llll IL-1e 17-21 • 1.-:, 4-6
CAUaS ,swzzra&@TIJIITIE Jiill@ wrnd 1s b Low I n;i.
WINDROSE90
Jonuo~y 1-Decembe~ 31~ Midnight-ii PM
N ~----------/ ..._
/ ........ ......... /
""' / ~ -----------"' / / ......_
/ '--' I / "-
I / ,.,.,..,..--------"' '\
/ ........ ' \ I / /
I I / \ \
/ \ \ I I I \ \ \ I I I \ \ \ I I I \ \ \8X l 1 IZIY.
1 I I \ \ 5¾ \ ) I ( 4X I \ \ I I w r I I ~ I ! E
l l f I
\ ! ( I \ \ I i I \ \ \ J J I \ \ \ / I I \ \ \ I I I \ \ / I I \ \ ./ I I \
\
' "' "-........_
' ._, ---------
s
WIND SPEED (KNQTSJ
/ ,.,,,., / I ./ I ,/
/ / ,.,,,
/
/
/ .,,.,,. -,.-,.,,.
CA.LM YI I NOS 9. ~5,r.
NOTE: Fr-c:a~uc:anc r GS
I ncl I co"t.ca d r r-caa't. 1 on
;:'r-om wh r eh 'thca
w r nc:i 1 s: b L ow I ng.
WINDROSE89
Jonuo~y 1-DGcamba~ 31: Midni9ht-11 PM
N
s
WI ND SPEED (KNOTSJ
CA.L.M WI NOS 5. ~a,,;
NOTE: Frmquanc r as
lnclcatQ dfrcactlon
wrnd ls b LI:)'# Ing.
WINDROSE88
Jonuo~y 1-Decembs~ 31: Midnight-ii PM
N ----_,., _..,. ----/ .........
/ ........
/ -........
/ ----------"' ...,,., " / .,,,,,. -....
/ " " I ./ ' I / ,,.-"" \
/ " \ I / /
I I / \ \
I I I \ \
I \ \ \ I / I \ \ \ I I I \ \ \8¾ \ 1121.Y. f I I \ \ 5:< \ ' I I 4-¾ \
w f I I \ I I
I I I J E
l l I
\ f I ) I I \ \ I I I \ \ J I I \ \ I I I \ \ I I J \ \
\ \ I I
/ I \ / I \ ./ / / " / / " ----_,., ,.,-
"--
"-' / -.... -~ ----------__,,,. -
s:
WIND SPEED (KNOTSl
. 1-3 4-6 8 7-1121 11-16 17-21 •
= 1 ss:ttzzmxs@] I I I I1EJ]ff
/
/
/
CALM WI NOS 5. 6121X
NOTE: Fr-aquancrcas
lndlcatca drrcaotlon
f:'r-om wnfct-, tMQ
w r nd 1 s: b L ow I ng.
WINDROSE87
Jonuo~y 1-Dacambe~ 3t: Midn19ht-it PM
N ------------/ --/ ' / ""-
/ ----"' .,,.,., ---" / / ........
/ ~ ......... "-/ / "-
I / ,,_,. --"' \
/ "-\ I / /
I I / \ \
I I I \ \
I I I \ \
I \ \ I
J
I
w (
l
\
\
\
I
I I \8¾ \ 1121Y.
I \ 5¾ \ l I I t I I I I I ) E
l \ I
\ I i I t \~ I I I \ J I I \ \ I I I \ \ \ I / I \ \
\ \ I / I I \ / I \ -,.-./ / "-,/
/ / " _,
'--. -----./
' /
/ ......... ........ _,, -........ __ ,.,-,.,,,.
..._,_ --_,,_ -
s
WIND SPEED <KNOTS)
7-1121 11-16 17-21 ~21
1-:3 4-6
sss.ltZZT~f · · .
CALM WI NOS 5. 1 SY.
lndlca'tQ arrQctlon
l='P-cm whfch thG
w r nd 1 s b L ow I ng.
WINDROSE86
Jo~uo~y 1-Decambe~ 3i; Midnight-ii PM
N
.,.,,..---------/ ~
/ ' " / "-. / ----------"' / .,.,.--..
/ -....... " I ./ " I / "' '\
I ~ \ I / /
I I / \ \
I \ \ I I
I I I \ \
I I I \ \
J I I \8:< \ 11217.
I \ 5x \ ) I I I \ I I w r I I I } E
l l I
\ ! ! I I \ \ J ' I \ \ \ i J I \ \ 1 I ( \ \ I I J \ \ / I I \ \ / I I \ " / ,.,,,., / / \ " -"'-/ / " ,/ ' ,,.., / "' ,..-
"'------/
"-. /
/ ' _.. -.. ,.,-~ ------____ ....,.... -
s
CALM WINOS 5. 37.Y.
WI ND SPEED (KNOTS]
lndlcc'tQ d£rcac'tlon
w £ nd 1 !!: b l cw I ng.
WINDROSE85
January 1-Decembsr 31: Midnight-ii PM
N
..,.,,,--------......_
/ .,.,_
/ .......
/ --_,... ---------.,. " --"' / _,. ........ / ---" / / ' I / .,,,,.,--------"-"' / ........
""' '\ I / ' / / " '\ \ I I / ,,.,-----, "' \ \ I / I '\ \ \ I I I \ \ \ I ( I \ \ \ I I l \ \
\ H!l7. \ 127. 1 I I \ \ sx \ ) I r f ~5X I ' I w r I I \ I I I E
l l \ I I I I ) \ \ I I I I \ \ I I \ f I \ \ I \ I ( \ \ \ / I I / \ / I \ I I \ / / \. ----/ I \ / " / / I \ " .,,.,.,./ ./ / "' -'--./ / " / __ ,...,.,,
/ '-------/ ......__
--..... / --. .,,.,,, ---,.-,,, -----
s
CALM WINOS 4 • .L1Y.
WIND SPEED (KNOTSl
w r nc::I 1 s b L t:JW I ng.
WINDROSE84
Januory 1-December 31: Midnight-ii PM
N
.,,.,-~,..,.~-----------/ ........ ,,,,,, ..........
' / " / ~ "' / ./
/ "" "-I / " \ I / ,,-
/ "-\ I / / \ \ I I \ \ I I I \ \ \ I I I \ \ \ I I I \ \8¾ ~ 1121Y. f I I \ 5¾ \ ) I ' 4-¾ l I \ I I w r I I I I ! E
l I l l I ! ' \ \ I I I \ \ J I I \ \ I I I \ \ I I I \ \ / I I \ \ ./ I I \ / ,.,,,., / / \ / / "-/ / / "----/ '-.. -' /
/ ' .,,.,,,
""" ~,.,----.___ __ _,.. -s
CAL.M W I NOS S. 9ZSY.
WIND SPEED (KNOTSJ
NOTE: Fr-Glql.Jm'"IC r as
7-IIZI 11-16 17-21 • 1-a 4 -E:i = , , s.vzzTaio@]j I l[IIE3l -l='rom wh r ch thQ
wrnc:I ls blowing.
APPENDIXV
Source Test Notification Form
Source Test Notification .Form
NC DENR -Division of Air Quality Page 1 of2
Purpose: When filled ow completelv and accurate Iv, the Source Test Norification Form can provide the Division of Air Quality (DAQ) with
I I rhe necessary i11for111arwn w aerern1111e porenriai prob,em areas reia1ed 10 a proposea soltrce resting pro1ect pnor ro 1i-ze acrua
test date. The primary goals of the Source Test Notification Form are to initiate communication between representatives of the
I permitted facility, the testing consultants, and the DA Q and to identify and resolve any specific testing concerns prior to testing.
l
Initially, this form will be distribwed on a trial basis and may not satisfy specific test protocol requirements in an air permit.
/nstrnctions: All forms and additional information should be submitted to the DAO Regional Supervisor at least 45 days prior to testing.
Please type or print clearly. Comp/ere one form for each sampling location. ff rhis form does not supply mfficienr space to
l completely answer all qllestions or if additional relevant information is available, please attach additional documentation and/or
infomzation to rhe original form . Questions and/or comments should be directed ro Shannon Vogel of the Stationary Source I i Compliance Branch by phone at [phone] or by e-mail at [e-mail]
I This form is available from the DAQ website (http://daq.state.nc.us/Officesffechnical/Stationary/Compliance/)
Facility Name: I Testing Co mpany:
I
Facility Address: I Testing Company's Address:
I I I
I Conracr Person: I Contact Person: I I I I
Phone: Fax : Phone: Fa.t:
Air Permit NL1mber : Permiued Sollrce Name and ID #:
-
.iued Maximllm Production Rare: Target Production Rate fo r Testing:
How will production data be docltmenred during testing 7
I Please provide a brief description of rhe source ( including control eqllipment) and attach source or process flow diagram:
Please provide a brief description of rhe sampling location, attach schematic of sampling location, and indicate whether concurrent testing
will be conducted at other sampling locations:
What is rhe specific purpose for the proposed testing?
Will the rest results be used for orher regulatory purposes, e.g. emissions in ventories, permit application, etc., beyond that stated above?
ff so, explain .
....
-se list all state and federal regulations that apply to the proposed testing.
I I
Source Test Notification Form
NC DENR -Division of Air Qualitv Page 2 of 2
Piecise pro1·ide ;he foiiowll!5 in_rorma11 011 for euci1 resr parumerer. --
I I
I Number of I rrger Proposed Test Run # of Sampling Comments t'ollwanr Test Method ! Test Runs i Durarion Points
;
I !
I
I
!
I !
I
!
!
I i
I
' ! i I
i
I I
I I I I I I I
I Is all testing to be conducted in strict accordance with the applicable test methods? If answer is no, please attach YES I NO
complete dornmentarion of all modifications and/or deviarions ro the applicable tesr methods.
I Does rhe proposed sampling locarion meet the minim11111 EPA Mer hod 1 criteria fo r accep1a ble measurement sl!es .0 YES I NO I ;
Please attach supporting dornmentation.
Has absence of cyclonic flow been verified as per EPA Method I (Secrion 2,../)7 if answer is no. absence of cyclonic flow YES I NO
must be verified prior to res ring. If answer is yes, please attach supporting dornmentarion.
I
Do any of the proposed tesr methods reqLtire analysis of EPA aLtdit samples? If answer is yes, please norify the regional YES I NO
l at least 45 days prior ro testing to allow for audir sample prepararion and shipment. -
Has all testing equipment been calibrated within the pasr year? If answer is no, please explain. YES I NO
Have all calibration gases been certified by EPA Protocol I proced11res 7 Please attach a s11mmary of expected calibration YES I NO
gas concentrations for ail proposed instrumental test methods. ( Answer only as applicable )
What are the proposed test dares 7 If testing is anricipared to last more rhan one dav or if all test methods will not be cond11cred
simulraneouslv, please attach derailed resr sched11le.
Addirional Comments:
Signatures: Represenrarives from rhe permirtedfaciliry and the contracred resring company 11111sr provide signawres below certifying rhat
rhe infonnation provided on rhis fonn and anv attached infonnation is acc11rare and complete.
/ I Pennitted Facility Represenrarive Dare Testing Companv Representative Date
Name: Name:
Title: Title:
,mpany: Company:
Lares( J(eVLSIOIZ : JU/le .<:.J, J ::,:l':J
WARREN COUNTY
PCB LANDFILL
FINAL VERIFICATION/
CONFIRMATION SAMPLING
PLA:N
Prepared for:
North Carolina
Department of Environment
and ,Natural Resources
Division of Waste Management
-- --==• ... ErwV'ire>rw ... ~.-wtc1t• .. ■rwc. Barnes, Ferland and Associates, Inc.
MARCH 2000
Final Verification/Confirmation Sampling Plan Warren County PCB Landfill
TABLE OF CONTENTS
FINAL VERIFICATION/CONFIRMATION SAMPLING PLAN
Page #
1.0 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................... !
1.1 Site History/Description ............................................................ 1
2.0 SCOPE AND OBJECTIVES ............................................................... 4
3.0 SAMPLING AND ANALYTICAL REQUIREMENTS .............................. 6
3.1 Untreated Materials ........................................................................................ 7
3 .1.1 Performance Demonstration Sampling Untreated Materials .............. 7
3.1.2 Excavation Sampling Untreated Materials ......................................... 7
3.1.3 Post Excavation Sampling Untreated Soils ......................................... 8
3.2 Treated Materials ........................................................................................... 8
3.2.1 Performance Demonstration Sampling Treated Materials .................. 13
3.2.2 First Two Weeks Full-Scale Operation Sampling Treated Materials .13
3 .2.3 Remainder Full-Scale Operations Sampling Treated Materials ......... 14
3 .3 Liquid BCD Detoxification System Sampling .............................................. 14
3 .4 Process Condensate Separation and Aqueous Phase Treatment Sampling ... 15
3 .4 .1 Condensate Collection Tank .............................................................. 15
3 .4.2 Filter Cake Sampling ......................................................................... 15
3 .4.3 Sand Filter Influent Sampling ............................................................ 15
3.4.4 Midfluent Carbon System Sampling ...................................... 16
3.4.5 Effluent Carbon Treatment Sampling .................................... 16
3. 5 CBCD Quencher/Scrubber Recycle ................................................................... 16
3.6 Storm Water/Decontamination Water Sampling ............................................... 17
3.7 Miscellaneous Sampling ................................................................. 17
4.0 SAMPLING PROCEDURES AND PROTOCOLS .................................... 19
4.1 Equipment Decontamination ......................................................... 19
4.1.1 Equipment Decontamination Aqueous Sampling ........................ 19
4.1.2 Equipment Decontamination Non-Aqueous Sampling ........ : ........ .20
4.2 Analytical Methodology Reference Table .......................................... 21
4.3 Sampling Equipment.. ................................................................ 21
4.3.1 Non-Aqueous Sampling Equipment. ..................................... .28
4.3.2 Aqueous Sampling Equipment ............................................. 29
ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants Final March 2000
Final Verification/Confirmation Sampling Plan Warren County PCB Landfill
TABLE OF CONTENTS
FINAL VERIFICATION/CONFIRMATION SAMPLING PLAN
( continued)
4.4 San1ple Collection .......................................................................................... 30
4.4.1 Grab San1ple ....................................................................................... 30
4.4.2 Composite San1ple ............................................................................. 30
4.4.3 Surficial San1pling ............................................................................. 31
4.4.4 Post San1pling Activities .................................................................... 34
4.5 Documentation ............................................................................................... 35
4.5.1 Field Log Books ................................................................................. 35
4.5.2 Documenting San1pling Points ......................................................... .35
4.5.3 Photo-Documentation ........................................................................ 36
4.5.4 San1ple Collection Paperwork ............................................................ 36
5.0 QUALITY ASSURANCE AND QUALITY CONTROL. ........................... 38
5.1 Laboratory Procurement ................................................................................ 38
5.2 San1ple Containers ......................................................................................... 38
5 .2.1 Reactivity of Container Material with San1ple .................................. 39
5.2.2 Volume of the Container .................................................................... 39
5.2.3 Color of Container ............................................................................. 39
5.2.4 Container Closures ............................................................................. 39
5.2.5 Decontan1ination of San1ple Containers and Chain of Custody ....... .40
5.2.6 San1ple Bottle Storage and Transport ............................................... .40
5.3 Procedures for Quality Assurance and Quality Control (QA/QC) ............... .40
5.3.1 Non-Aqueous Matrix ........................................................................ .41
5.3.2 Aqueous Matrix ................................................................................. 42
5.3.3 Air Matrix .......................................................................................... 43
5.3.4 Blank Water Quality ......................................................................... .43
5.3.5 San1ple Handling and Holding Times ................................................ 43
5.4 Additional QA/QC San1ples ......................................................................... .44
5.4.1 Duplicate San1ples Obtained in the Field ........................................... 44
5.4.2 Splitting San1ples with Responsible Parties ...................................... .45
5.4.3 Performance Evaluation San1ples (PE) ............................................. .46
5.4.4 Matrix Spike/Matrix Spike Duplicate Analysis ................................ .47
5.4.5 Background/(Baseline) San1ples ........................................................ 47
5.5 San1ple Preservation Requirements ............................................................... 47
ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants
ii
Final March 2000
Final Verification/Confirmation Sampling Plan Warren County PCB Landfill
TABLE OF CONTENTS
FINAL VERIFICATION/CONFIRMATION SAMPLING PLAN
( continued)
LIST OF TABLES
Page#
3.1 Sampling and Analysis Full-Scale Operations ........................................ 9
4.2 Analysis of Target Compound List/Target Analyte List.. ........................... .22
APPENDICES
A. Contractor's Laboratory Certification and QA/QC Protocol Gas Analyses
B. Contractor's Laboratory Certification and QA/QC Protocol Solid Analyses
C. Contractor's Laboratory Certification and QA/QC Protocol Liquid Analyses
D. Contractor's Laboratory Certification and QA/QC Protocol Personal Hygiene Samples
ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants
Ill
Final March 2000
Final Verification/Confinnation Sampling Plan Warren County PCB Landfill
LIST OF ACRONYMS
AMP ............... Air Monitoring Plan
ASTM ............ American Society for Testing and Materials
BBCD ............. Batch Vacuum Solid Phase BCD/Thermal Desorption Unit
BCD ............... Base Catalyzed Decomposition
BF A ................ Bames, Ferland and Associates
BNA ............... Base Neutral Acid Extractable
CBCD ............. Continuous Solid Phase BCD/Thermal Desorption Unit
CFR ................ Code of Federal Regulations
Ch .................. Chlorine
CLP ................ Contract Laboratory Program
Cm .................. Centimeter
COC ............... Chain of Custody
Cr VI .............. Hexavalent Chrome
EPA ................ Environmental Protection Agency
ETG ................ ETG Environmental, Inc.
Ft .................... Feet
FVCSP ........... Final Verification/Confirmation Sampling Plan
G ..................... Glass (sample container)
H2S04 ............. Sulfuric Acid
HCl.. ............... Hydrochloric Acid
Hg ................... Mercury
Hrs .................. Hours
In ................... .Inches
LBCD ............. Liquid Phase BCD Detoxification System
Mg/kg ............. Milligrams per kilogram
ML. ................. Milliliter
Mos ................ Months
NCAC ............ North Carolina Administrative Code
NCDENR ....... North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources
02 ................... Oxygen
P ..................... Plastic (sample container)
PCBs .............. Polychlorinated Biphenyls
PCSAPT ......... Process Condensate Separation and Aqueous Phase Treatment System
PD .................. Performance Demonstration
PDP ................ Performance Demonstration Plan
PE ................... Performance Evaluation Samples
PPB ................ Parts per billion
PPM ............... Parts per million
PPT. ................ Parts per trillion
PTFE .............. Polytetrafluoroethylene ( e.g. Teflon)
PUF ................ Polyurethane Foam
PVC ................ Polyvinyl Chlorinated
QA .................. Quality Assurance
ETG Environmental, Inc I BF A Environmental Consultants
iv
Final March 2000
Final Verification/Confirmation Sampling Plan
QC .................. Quality Control
LIST OF ACRONYMS
(continued)
SAS ................ Special Analytical Services
SDG ................ Sample Delivery Group
S&ME ............ Soils & Material Engineers, Inc.
Site ................. Warren County PCB Landfill (Site)
SOP ................ Standard Operating Procedure
SOW ............... Statement of Work
SVOCs ........... Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds
TAP ................ Toxic Air Pollutants
TCDD ............. Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, usually 2,3,7,8 TCDD
TCDF ............. Trichloroethylene, syn. -Trichloroethane
TEQ ................ Toxicity Equivalent Concentration
THC ................ Total Hydrocarbon
TPH ................ Tons per hour
TOC ................ Total Organic Carbon
TSP ................. Total Suspended Particulate
TSS ................. Total Suspended Solids
TWA .............. Time Weighed Average
USEP A ........... United States Environmental Protection Agency
VO .................. Volatile Organics (VOC, VOA, VO +10)
VOCs .............. Volatile Organic Compounds
VRS ................ Vapor Recovery System(s)
VTSR ............. Verified Time of Sample Receipt
WESP ............. Wet Electrostatic Precipitator
WC ................. Water Column
WG ................. Water Gauge
ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants
V
Warren County PCB Landfill
Final March 2000
Final Verification/Confirmation Sampling Plan Warren County PCB Landfill
1.0 INTRODUCTION
ETG Environmental, Inc. (ETG) has received a contract from the State of North Carolina
to prepare the Phase III final design report and develop a set of final design plans and
specifications for the detoxification of the Warren County PCB Landfill (Site). The State
of North Carolina General Assembly has passed a bill requiring the utilization of Base
Catalyzed Decomposition (BCD) technology for detoxification of the landfill. The bill
also specifies the material treatment standards required for the detoxification of the
landfill. Remedial actions at the landfill consist of detoxification of approximately
60,000 tons of material contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The
detoxified soils will be placed on-site after analytical testing has confirmed that the
material has met the treatment standards established in the legislation for the project.
This Final Verification/Confirmation Sampling Plan (FVCSP) discusses the sampling and
analytical requirements for material excavation, Performance Demonstration Plan (PDP)
testing and full-scale operation of the BCD system. The BCD system will include the
following:
1) One continuous solid phase BCD/thermal desorption unit (CBCD),
2) One solid phase BCD/batch thermal desorption unit (BBCD),
3) Two air pollution control systems or vapor recovery systems (VRS), one each
for the CBCD (CBCD-VRS) and BBCD (BBCD-VRS), and
4) Process condensate separation and aqueous phase treatment system
(PCSAPT), and
5) One liquid phase BCD detoxification system (LBCD).
Included in the PDP will be requirements for the on-site treatment system for condensate
produced from the CBCD-VRS and BBCD-VRS systems. There will be requirements for
a separate treatment system to treat storm water run-off from the contaminated areas of
the landfill. The BCD process will be designed to utilize the treated process water to cool
and rehydrate the treated materials. The operation plan will be designed to utilize treated
stormwater/decontamination water for dust control and for use in the BCD process. The
PDP will also address requirements for the CBCD-VRS and BBCD-VRS.
Requirements for air monitoring and sampling are not included in this Plan. The
personnel monitoring, sampling and analytical, methodologies and requirements are
contained in the Health and Safety Plan. The stack testing requirements are contained in
the Performance Demonstration Plan. Perimeter and work zone monitoring, sampling
and analytical, requirements and methodologies are contained in the Air Monitoring Plan.
1.1 Site History/Description
The Warren County PCB Landfill is located in Warren County, North Carolina, and
approximately 50 miles north of Raleigh, North Carolina. The Site is situated within a
tract of land owned by the State of North Carolina that covers 19.317 acres. The Site
includes a 2.54-acre landfill cell (PCB Landfill) that contains materials with elevated
ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants
1
Final March 2000
Final Verification/Confirmation Sampling Plan Warren County PCB Landfill .
levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dioxins/furans. Approximately half of
the remaining State property is undisturbed with moderately dense population of trees
approximately 30 feet in height. A gravel road approximately 3,000 feet long provides
access to the Site from State Route 1604. A site map is included in the bid specification
drawings.
The PCB Landfill is approximately 250 feet wide (measured in an east to west direction)
and 500 feet long. Approximately 40,000 cubic yards of soils were deposited into the
Landfill from the remediation of roadways throughout the State that were illegally
sprayed with PCB oils to avoid proper disposal of the oils under Toxic Substance Control
Act (TSCA). Approximately ten percent of the soils originated from the Fort Bragg
Military Reservation near Southern Pines, North Carolina and are assumed to be of a
similar nature to the balance of the contaminated soils. The PCB concentrations in the
soil ranged from 259 parts per million (ppm) to a high of 853 ppm, with an average
concentration of 500 ppm. Dioxin/furan concentrations ranged from 147 parts per trillion
(ppt) [toxicity equivalent concentrations (TEQ)] to 238 ppt, with an average
concentration of 200 ppt TEQ. This data has been reported in the Phase I Base Catalyzed
Decomposition study, and is included as part of the bid specification.
The maximum depth of the PCB Landfill at the center is approximately 36 feet, which
includes the lower liner and existing cover. The depth at the perimeter is approximately
20 feet. The existing ground surface of the contiguous area begins at the same elevation
as the perimeter of the PCB Landfill. In addition to the PCB-contaminated soils, a
relatively small quantity of cement kiln dust (less than 2-percent of the total volume)
occupies the northeast comer of the PCB Landfill. Approximately one-half of the PCB
Landfill rises above the existing ground surface. The PCB Landfill was completed in
1983.
Included, as part of the bid specifications is an Appendix titled, PCB Waste Disposal
Site, Warren County that contains the as-built drawings for the landfill. As shown on the
drawings the landfill was constructed as follows from top to bottom:
1' Top Soil
1' Fill for bridging and Liner Protection
10 Mil PVC Liner
2' Clay Liner
1' Fill for bridging
0' -24' PCB-contaminated Soils
Filter Fabric
9" Sand for Leachate Collection System
5' Clay Liner
30 Mil PVC Liner
1' Fill for bridging and Liner Protection
9" Sand
ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants
2
Final March 2000
Final Verification/Confirmation Sampling Plan Warren County PCB Landfill
The bottom of the landfill is sloped from south to north and west to east at 2% grade. A
single sump was installed in the northeast comer of the landfill approximately one foot in
depth into the five-foot thick clay liner. A single polyvinyl chlorinated (PVC) collection
pipe was installed from the sump extending through the surface of the landfill. A
pneumatic positive displacement pump was placed into the sump and leachate from the
landfill has been pumped from the sump through a sand filter and carbon system located
at the northern end of the landfill.
During evaluation of the potential detoxification technologies, the primary objective was
to utilize a process that actually destroyed PCBs and dioxin/furans in a non-incineration
manner. The BCD process utilizes chemical destruction to achieve this objective. The
BCD process is a chemical reaction that destroys PCBs and dioxins/furans by removing
the chlorine atom from the chlorinated compound and replacing it with hydrogen, thus
rendering the molecule to a non-hazardous compound. The process is conducted in both
the solid and liquid phase.
ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants
3
Final March 2000
Final Verification/Confinnation Sampling Plan Warren County PCB Landfill
2.0 SCOPE AND OBJECTIVES
This plan addresses sampling and analysis required during Performance Demonstration
(PD) testing and full-scale operation. The activities generating work under this plan are
summarized below.
Air Monitoring: Upwind and downwind pre-established monitoring stations equipped
with electrical power will be selected based upon historical predominant wind directions
to monitor PCBs, dioxin/furans, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and particulates
periodically at the State boundary (see Air Monitoring Plan). Prior to remedial activities,
baseline air monitoring will be conducted to establish background site conditions.
Perimeter monitoring will be conducted during remedial activities to demonstrate the
adequacy of engineering controls designed to maintain ambient air quality standards.
Excavation Activities: Materials that exhibit contaminant concentrations in excess of the
cleanup criteria of 200 ppb PCBs and 200 ppt TEQ dioxins will be excavated for on-site
treatment. Excavation limits will be determined in the field based upon verification
sampling with on-site screening (immunoassay testing) and confirmation sampling with
off-site laboratory analysis. •
BCD Process System: Excavated materials containing contamination concentrations in
excess of treated cleanup criteria will be treated by the BCD process system, which
includes the following:
• Certified weigh scale for process tonnage verification,
• Screening materials through a 2" by 2" screen,
• Blending BCD reagents into the screened material,
• Treating the materials on-site through either the CBCD or the BBCD,
• Off-gases generated from the CBCD and BBCD will be treated through their
respective vapor recovery systems (CBCD-VRS and BBCD-VRS),
• Process stream generated by the condensing of vapors and removal of particulates
from the CBCD-VRS and BBCD-VRS will be filtered,
• Filtrate from the process condensate physical separation system will be treated in the
aqueous phase treatment system,
• Effluent from the aqueous phase treatment will be used for rehydration of treated
materials and/or makeup water for the BCD process system,
• Filter cake produced from the process condensate separation system will be treated, if
required, in the BBCD or the LBCD system,
• Organics collected from the process condensate separation system will be treated, if
required, in the LBCD system, and
• Treated organics will be disposed off-site at a disposal facility and treated materials
will be backfilled on-site.
Performance Demonstration (PD): The PD test will be conducted to verify the
capability of the CBCD and BBCD systems to meet the cleanup standards for the
material. Stack sampling will be conducted to ensure that CBCD-VRS and BBCD-VRS
ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants
4
Final March 2000
Final Verification/Confirmation Sampling Plan Warren County PCB Landfill
stack em1ss1ons are compliant with North Carolina State air em1ss1on requirements.
Perimeter monitoring will be conducted to evaluate impact on ambient air quality. The
PCSAPT and LBCD system effluents will be sampled and analyzed to verify they meet
their respective performance criteria.
Storm Water/Decontamination Water Treatment: Potentially contaminated storm
water, decontamination water and water from dewatering activities in the landfill will be
pumped to a lined pond. The water from the lined pond will be treated using a sand filter
followed by carbon polishing. The treated water will be pumped to the existing unlined
pond. It can then be used for dust control and/or BCD process make-up. Sampling and
analysis of the treated water being discharged to the existing pond will be performed to
confirm compliance with the Spray Irrigation System permit.
Decontaminated Materials/Off-Site Disposal: Construction equipment, decontaminated
process equipment, and associated pads and structures will come into contact with
potentially contaminated materials. The equipment and areas will require
decontaminating following the procedures set forth in 40 CFR 761.360 -761.378 prior to
demobilizing from site.
The goal of the project is to treat all contaminated materials on-site. However, there will
be residual materials that will not be able to be treated, due to the physical/chemical
characteristics or the completion of the processing, that will require off-site disposal.
Sampling and analytical procedures must comply with 40 CFR 761.
Groundwater Sampling: Monitoring wells exist on the site which are sampled semi-
annually by the NCDENR. NCDENR personnel will continue to perform the required
sampling and analysis, and this work will not be part of the scope of work for this project.
ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants
5
Final March 2000
Final Verification/Confinnation Sampling Plan Warren County PCB Landfill
3.0 SAMPLING AND ANALYTICAL REQUIREMENTS
This section describes the field sampling and analytical procedures required for the
project, excluding the air monitoring requirements, which are found in the Air
Monitoring Plan, Health and Safety Plan, and Performance Demonstration Plan. This
Plan describes four categories of samples to be collected and analyzed for this project:
1) Verification Samples: Verification samples will be collected and analyzed in
the field to provide the site management with information to make daily operational
decisions. Examples of these tests are PCB Immunoassay, percent moisture, and pH.
Verification samples can never serve the dual purpose as Control samples ( defined
below).
2) Confirmation Samples: Confirmation samples will be analyzed by a laboratory
certified to perform the applicable parameters under either North Carolina Administrative
Code (NCAC) Subchapter 2H.0800, or the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA)
Contract Laboratory Program (CLP). Unless otherwise noted in this Plan, field
procedures must be in compliance with the May 1996 US EPA Region IV Environmental
Investigations Standard Operating Procedures and Quality Assurance Manual (SOP).
Field procedures include, but are not limited to, proper chain of custody protocols,
sampling methods, preservation, containerization, field blanks, duplicates, matrix and
matrix spikes and shipping procedures.
3) Informational Samples: Informational samples can be analyzed either through
field screening methods or the use of laboratory analysis. The designation
"informational" means that the sample is not a regulatory or permitted sample/ discharge
parameter. The informational samples are generally influent or intermediate process
samples to determine the effectiveness of a process system or components of a process
system. These samples allow the Contractor to monitor and adjust the effectiveness of
the process system. The Contractor may desire to collect samples from additional
locations or increase frequency of an informational sample location, as they deem
appropriate. However, the Contractor will not be compensated by NCDENR for
additional information samples collected and analyzed.
4) Control Samples: Control samples are collected at points of discharge
(regulatory or required by permit). Only certified laboratories can analyze control
samples, as these are considered confirmation samples. The sampling frequency of
control samples shall not be decreased without the approval of the State and regulatory
agency. As with confirmation samples, field procedures must be compliant with the EPA
Region IV Environmental Investigations Standard Operating Procedures and Quality
Assurance Manual (SOP).
Table 3-1 provides the sampling location, frequency, quality control requirements, type
of sample, data use (informational or control), analysis and minimum estimated samples
for the full-scale operations. The following sections describe each sample area.
ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants
6
Final March 2000
Final Verification/Confirmation Sampling Plan Warren County PCB Landfill
3.1 Untreated Materials
Untreated materials will be sampled and analyzed during three phases of the project:
• Performance Demonstration,
• Excavation Activities, and
• Post Excavation.
3.1.1 Performance Demonstration (PD) Sampling Untreated Materials
Samples collected during the PD are to provide a baseline of the material
contaminants and concentrations. The analysis will provide information on the
PCB and dioxins/furans concentrations prior to treatment. The materials must
contain sufficient PCB concentrations to properly demonstrate the CBCD and
BBCD treatment process for full-scale operation, and to obtain approval by TSCA
and the state to operate the BCD treatment system for the range of PCBs
concentrations anticipated for this project (200 ppm to 900 ppm). If the materials
excavated for the PD are not sufficiently concentrated with PCBs, the materials
will require to be spiked with PCBs. In addition to the PCB and dioxins/furans
analysis, untreated materials will be analyzed as indicated in the PDP.
A stockpile of PCB-contaminated material, screened and blended with BCD
additives will be prepared for each day's PD test, for a total of six stockpiles for
the duration of the performance demonstration testing. Eight grab samples will be
collected from each stockpile and then composited into one sample. A portion of
the sample will be screened for PCBs using an immunoassay PCB test and
analyzed for percent moisture. The remainder of the sample will be sent to a
laboratory and analyzed for PCBs, dioxin/furans, semi-volatile organic
compounds (SVOCs), total chlorides, metals, percent moisture and density. Four
grab samples will be collected from each stockpile and sent to a laboratory and
analyzed for VOCs. The purpose of these analyses is to fully characterize the
materials to be treated.
For more information regarding the performance demonstration sampling
see the Performance Demonstration Plan.
3.1.2 Excavation Sampling Untreated Materials
During full-scale operations, samples of the untreated material will be collected
everyday of excavation activities. A daily composite sample will be generated by
randomly sampling the material from the trucks transporting the excavated
material to the soil preparation area. These samples, referred to as informational
samples in Table 3-1, are for segregating the excavated materials prior to
treatment through the CBCD or the BBCD. The following guideline will apply:
ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants
7
Final March 2000
Final Verification/Confinnation Sampling Plan Warren County PCB Landfill
• BBCD-Untreated material with a PCB concentration of 750 ppm or
greater, or a percent moisture content of 15 percent or greater;
• All other untreated materials to either the CBCD or BBCD.
3.1.3 Post Excavation Sampling Untreated Soils
Verification and confirmation samples will be collected from the sidewalls and
floor of the excavated landfill. Excavation will continue until the PCB-
contaminated materials, the filter fabric and six-inches of the five-foot thick clay
liner are removed. The Contractor will design a sampling grid over the base and
sidewalls of the excavation. Grid nodes will not be greater than 50 feet apart. At
each grid node, collect a sample from 0-3 inches into the base or sidewall. The
Contractor may opt to collect up to five samples from each grid node and
composite the samples into one composite sample.
The Contractor will screen a portion of the sample representing the grid node and
analyze the sample in the field for PCBs using an immunoassay test kit. This
sample is referred to as a verification sample, and provides expedited information
to the Contractor whether to cease excavation, or continue another six -inches in
depth. If the verification sample results indicate the sample is at or below the
cleanup standard of 200 ppb, then the remaining sample will be submitted as a
confirmation sample to an approved laboratory for PCB analysis. Excavation will
be complete when the confirmation sample results are below the cleanup standard.
Excavation will continue in six-inch increments in depth until the cleanup
standard is achieved.
A portion of the sediments located in the existing pond have been tested and
determined to contain levels of PCBs above the cleanup standard of 200 ppb. The
affected area extends from the discharge pipe of the existing water treatment
system and proceeds toward the center of the pond. The sediments will be
excavated from the pond and post excavation samples will be collected and
analyzed in the field using the PCB immunoassay test (verification) and then
submitted to a laboratory for PCBs ( confirmation). At a minimum, three sediment
samples will be collected to verify/confirm the remaining sediments are at or
below the PCB cleanup standard of 200 ppb.
3.2 Treated Materials
Treated soils will be sampled and analyzed during three phases of the project:
• Performance Demonstration
• First Two Weeks Of Full-scale Operations, and
• Remainder Of Project.
The sampling locations, frequency and parameters are different for all three phases. The
sampling schedule for the PD is to demonstrate the operation of the system to the
regulatory agencies in order to obtain the necessary permits. Additional sampling is
ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants
8
Final March 2000
Final • l!rification/Confirmation Samp_ling Plan Warren County PCB Landh .. Description Matrix Untreated Solid Material Solid Solid Solid Treated Solid Material Solid Solid Table 3-1 Sampling/Analysis Full Scale Operation Samples Frequency Quality Type Data Use Control Informational/Control Every day of excavation As required by Composite Excavated Material: Informational test procedure Segregate for BBCD/CBCD Selection Guideline Floor and sidewalls of As required by Composite Post Excavation: Informational excavation every 50' x test procedure Confirm excavation limits in landfill 50' grid Floor and sidewalls of CLP Lab Composite Post Excavation: Control excavation every 50' x Protocol, Verify excavation limits in landfill 50' grid minimum, one in every 20 samples Floor of existing pond CLP Lab Composite Post Sediment Excavation: Control after excavation of Protocol Verify remaining sediments Meet sediments one sample cleanup standards every 50 linear feet First 2 weeks full scale CLP Lab Composite Treated Material: Control production one sample Protocol, Verify treated soil meets clean-up every 2 days of minimum one in standards from CBCD production through every 20 samples CBCD First 2 weeks full scale CLP Lab Composite Treated Material: Control verify production one sample Protocol, treated soil meets cleanup standards every 2 days of minimum one in forBBCD production through every 20 samples BBCD Remainder of project CLP Lab Composite Treated Material: Control one sample every 2 days Protocol, Verify treated soil meets cleanup of production through minimum one in standards CBCD every 20 samples Field blank one/week ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants Preparation/ Analytical Methods PCB Immunoassay % Moisture Field Test PCB Immunoassay PCB 8082 PCB 8082 PCB 8082 Dioxin/Furan 8290 PCB 8082 Dioxin/Furan 8290 PCB 8082 Final March 2000
Fina1 ✓ erification/Confirmation Sampl_i!lg Plan Warren County PCB Landi ... Description Matrix Treated Solid Material (Continued) Storm water/ Liquid Decon water Table 3-1 Sampling/Analysis Full Scale Operation Samples Frequency Quality Type Data Use Control Informational/Control Remainder of project CLP Lab Composite Treated Material: Control minimum one composite Protocol Verify treated soil meets cleanup sample per month of standards production through BBCD, or one sample per batch when untreated PCB concentration >750ppm Once/ week first 4 weeks CLP Lab Grab Influent to Pond: Informational Monthly Thereafter Protocol, Evaluate water quality into storm minimum one water treatment process every 20 samples Midfluent to Pond: Informational Evaluate break though of first carbon bed Effluent to Pond: Control Evaluate effluent quality for discharge compliance (Note: dictated by spray irrigation permit) ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants Preparation/ Analytical Methods PCB 8082 Dioxin/Furan 8290 PCB 8082 PCB 8082 PCB 8082 Final March 2000
Fina1 verification/Confirmation Samp_ling Plan Warren County PCB Landhu Description Matrix Process Solid Condensate Liquid Liquid Liquid Table 3-1 Sampling/Analysis Full Scale Operation Samples Data Use Frequency Quality Type Informational/Control Control .. Daily during PD and first As required by Composite Filter cake: Informational 14 days of processing, test procedure Determine PCB concentration of then, once per week cake and further treatment requirements Daily first 14 days of As required by Grab Sand filter Influent: Informational processing, then test procedure Evaluate water quality off centrifuge Once per week and loading on down stream polishing systems Daily first 14 days, then As required by Grab First carbon: Informational once per week. Note: test procedure Determine loading, breakthrough of frequency may increase first carbon unit if field data indicates CLP Lab Grab Effluent: Control carbon break through Protocol, Determine effluent quality of water will occur at greater mm1mum one used for rehydration frequency every 20 samples Once every two days As required by Grab Pretreatment Organic storage test procedure tank: Informational Determine if recovered organics from clarifier and centrifuge requires further treatment ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants Preparation/ Analytical Methods PCB Immunoassay Solid Content PCB Immunoassay TSS 160.2 PCB Immunoassay PCB 8082 PCB Immunoassay Final March 2000
Fina1 . erification/Confirmation Sampling Plan Warren County PCB Landt. __ Description Matrix CBCD Liquid Quencher/ Scrubber Recycle Condensate Liquid Collection Tank Discharge LBCD Reactor Liquid LBCD Effluent Liquid S: Warren county\confinn\table3. I Table 3-1 Sampling/Analysis Full Scale Operation Samples Data Use Frequency Quality Type Informational/Control Control Daily during PD test and As required by test Grab Recycle Scrubber Water: first 14 days of procedure Informational processing, then; once Evaluate quality of quencher/scrubber per week recycle water. Daily during PD test and As required by test Grab Condensate Collection Tank: first 14 days of procedure Informational processing, then; once Evaluate filter press feed. per week Once per batch As required by test Grab Organic Pretreatment Collection procedure Tank: Informational Determine PCB carryover with organics. Once per tanker load to CLP Lab Protocol, Grab Organic Post LBCD Treatment: recycling facility minimum one every Control 20 samples, or as Verify that treated organics can be required by transported and accepted at disposal recycling facility facility ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants Preparation/ Analytical Methods TSS 160.2 pH 150.1 Chlorides 325.2 TOC 415.2 TSS 160.2 pH 150.1 Chlorides 325.2 TOC 415.2 PCB Immunoassay PCB 8082 Other parameters as required by recycling facility Final March 2000
Final Verification/Confirmation Sampling Plan Warren County PCB Landfill
performed during the PD to evaluate the effectiveness of specific equipment and
processes. The sampling schedule for the first two weeks has been designed to confirm.
The majority of the sampling and analysis results collected for the PD. Assuming, the
first two weeks of full-scale operations demonstrate consistent results to those collected
in the PD, through a reduced sampling schedule has been proposed for the remainder of
the project. Upsets to the operation of the system and/or non-compliance sample results
will require a more stringent sampling schedule.
3.2.1 Performance Demonstration (PD) Sampling Treated Materials
Treated samples will be collected from each PD test. Materials treated in the
CBCD will be stockpiled into four distinct piles for each performance
demonstration test. Two samples from each soil pile will be collected, for a total
of eight samples. The eight samples will be composited into one sample and sent
to a laboratory for PCB, dioxin/furans, SVOCs, total chlorides, metals, percent
moisture, density, ignitability and corrosivity. One grab sample will be collected
from two of the four stockpiles and analyzed for VOCs.
Materials treated through the BBCD will be staged in one stockpile. Eight
samples will be collected and then composited into one sample and analyzed for
the same parameters for the treated CBCD materials. Two grab samples will be
collected from the stockpile and analyzed for VOCs.
The analytical results will confirm the treated materials meet the soil cleanup
criteria for this project, and al so that the treated materials are not hazardous for
other constituents.
NOTE:there was no indication during any of the previous phases of the project
that the treated materials would be hazardous for other constituents, this is solely
being conducted as a confirmation.
3.2.2 First Two Weeks Full-scale Operations Sampling Treated Materials
The sampling plan for treated materials is predicated on the successful completion
of the performance demonstration test and that no other contaminants of concern
were identified.
Treated materials from the CBCD and BBCD will be separated into distinct
stockpiles. Each CBCD stockpile will contain two days of processed material and
each BBCD stockpile will contain one week of processed material. Eight grab
samples will be collected from each two-day stockpile. The eight samples will be
composited into one composite sample for each stockpile. The samples will be
sent to a laboratory for PCBs and dioxin/furans analysis. An expedited analytical
tum around time will be requested so analytical results for the first samples are
received before the two-week full-scale operation period is concluded.
ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants
13
Final March 2000
Final Verification/Confirmation Sampling Plan Warren County PCB Landfill
3.2.3 Remainder Full-scale Operations Sampling Treated Material
Treated materials from the CBCD will continue to be grouped in two-day
stockpiles. The sampling protocol will remain the same, with eight grab samples
collected per stockpile and then composited into one sample. A laboratory will
analyze the sample for PCBs.
A monthly stockpile will be generated of materials treated in the BBCD unit or
one sample per batch for materials treated with an initial PCB concentration
greater than 750 ppm. Eight grab samples will be collected from the monthly
stockpile and composited into one sample. Similarly, each batch stockpile treated
from materials containing PCBs greater than 750 ppm will have eight grab
samples collected and composited into one sample. The samples will be sent to a
laboratory for PCBs and dioxin/furans analyses.
3.3 Liquid BCD Detoxification System Sampling
Organics collected from the process condensate separation and aqueous phase treatment
system (PCSAPT) will be transferred and stored in the organic pre-treatment storage
tank. Organics collected will be sampled once every two days and screened for PCB
concentration using a PCB immunoassay test. Organics containing PCB concentrations
above disposal facility acceptance criteria will require detoxification/dechlorination
treatment in the LBCD process. Organics requiring treatment will be pumped into the
LBCD reactor containing a heated mixture of carrier oil, sodium hydroxide and a
catalyst. The sampling frequency may be modified to correspond with the quantity of
organics being treated per LBCD batch and the variance of PCB concentrations contained
in the collected organic stream.
At a predetermined time, when the reaction period is anticipated to be completed (note:
batch specific, dependant upon initial PCB concentration and other variables) samples
will be collected from set sample ports. The sample will be screened for PCBs using the
immunoassay test. When the reaction has been verified to be complete (i.e. PCB
concentration below the disposal facility 's acceptance criteria) the reaction process will
continue for an additional 1 to 2 hours as a precautionary measure.
At the conclusion of the process, the treated organics will be cooled and then pumped to
the organics transfer tank for physical separation of liquids. The organics transfer tank
will be equipped with sample ports vertically aligned along the tank to collect samples at
various levels throughout the tank. A corresponding manifold system will also be
provided on the tank to allow decanting of the tank from various levels. Separated
aqueous (water) phase, if any, will be removed from the tank and pumped upstream to the
PCSAPT system. When sufficient quantity of organics are collected in the treated
organic tank, a confirmation sample will be collected and analyzed for PCBs, and any
other parameters required by the disposal facility. A certified laboratory will analyze the
confirmation sample.
ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants
14
Final March 2000
Final Verification/Confirmation Sampling Plan Warren County PCB Landfill .
3.4 Process Condensate Separation and Aqueous Phase Treatment Sampling
The PCSAPT system is designed to separate process condensate into filter cake, aqueous
phase, and organic phase and treat the aqueous phase. The following samples will be
collected, at a minimum, to monitor the PCSAPT performance.
3.4.1 Condensate Collection Tank
In an effort to evaluate the quality of the filter press feed, samples will be collected
from the condensate collection tank. Data from these samples will allow the
treatment operator to evaluate the scrubbers performance and contaminant loading
into the PCSAPT. Samples will be collected from sample ports installed in line.
The samples will be analyzed for TSS , pH, total organic carbon (TOC) and chlorides.
The results are for informational purposes only. During the first PD and two weeks
of full-scale operations a sample will be collected daily from each unit. Thereafter,
the minimum sample schedule will be weekly.
3.4.2 Filter Cake Sampling
The condensate and particulates from the condensate collection tank will be
pumped into a filter press. The filter press will further separate the condensate
into filter cake and filtrate. A composite sample of each day's production of filter
cake during the PD and first two weeks of full scale operation will be screened for
PCBs using the immunoassay test and tested on site for percent moisture. These
samples are for informational purposes, as the filter cake may be reprocessed
through the BBCD process, due to the anticipated elevated level of PCBs in the
filter cake.
The daily composite sample will be prepared by taking, two grab samples from
each filter cake discharge in a 24-hour period and compositing the grab samples.
It is anticipated that after two weeks of full-scale production, the sampling
frequency can be reduced to once a week.
3.4.3 Sand Filter Influent Sampling
Prior to the sand filter treatment, the process condensate has been treated through a
series of unit operations. At this stage of the treatment process, the majority of solids,
and heavy and light organics will have been removed from the condensate. To
evaluate the performance of the process condensate separation system, a sample of
the aqueous filtrate will be collected prior to proceeding through the aqueous phase
portion of the treatment system (sand filtration and carbon polishing).
The sample will be collected from a sample port located in line of the system. During
the PD and first two weeks of full-scale operations a sample will be collected daily.
ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants
15
Final March 2000
Final Verification/Confinnation Sampling Plan Warren County PCB Landfill ·
After which a sample will be collected, at a minimum, once per week. The sample
will be analyzed on site for total suspended solids (TSS) and for PCBs.
The sample is for informational purposes for the treatment operator to:
1) Evaluate the loading of PCBs and TSS on the aqueous phase treatment
system, and
2) Monitor performance of the condensate separation system.
The TSS loading will provide information to the treatment operator to anticipate and
track backwashing cycles for the sand filters. The PCB concentration will enable the
treatment operator to monitor effectiveness of PCB removal. Depending upon
sampling results, more frequent sampling may be required. The filtrate stream will
also be monitored for flow rate and total flow.
3.4.4 Midfluent Carbon System Sampling
The aqueous phase treatment system concludes with, a minimum of two carbon units
placed in series for polishing. A sample will be collected after the first carbon unit
and analyzed on site for PCBs using the immunoassay test. The sample will be
collected from a sample port located in line of the system. This data will determine
when break through for PCBs has occurred, and carbon change-out is required. The
data will also provide information to the treatment operator regarding carbon
efficiency and anticipated carbon change-outs. A sample result above 200 ppb will
require the carbon to be changed-out.
Sample frequency will be, at a minimum, one sample per week, data results may
dictate more frequent sampling.
3.4.5 Effluent Carbon Treatment Sampling
The PCSAPT system concludes with the second carbon-polishing unit. Effluent from
the PCSAPT will be used to rehydrate the treated materials. To monitor the
effectiveness of the PCSAPT system for treatment of PCBs, an effluent sample will
be collected at least weekly. The sample will be obtained from a sampling port
installed in the system between the final carbon unit and the treated process water
storage tank. The sample will be sent to laboratory and analyzed for PCBs. The
target cleanup level is less than <200 ppb.
3.5 CBCD Quencher/Scrubber Recycle
In an effort to evaluate the quality of the CBCD quencher/scrubber recycle, samples will
be collected from the CBCD quencher/scrubber system. Data from these samples will
allow the treatment operator to evaluate the CBCD quencher/scrubber performance.
Samples will be collected from either a sample port installed in the recycle line, or
directly from the recycling tank.
ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants
16
Final March 2000
Final Verification/Confirmation Sampling Plan Warren County PCB Landfill
The samples will be analyzed for TSS, pH, total organic carbon (TOC) and chlorides.
The results are for informational purposes only. During the first PD and two weeks of
full-scale operations a sample will be collected daily from each unit. Thereafter, the
minimum sample schedule will be weekly.
3.6 Storm Water/Decontamination Water Sampling
Water that may have come in contact with PCB-contaminated materials will be collected
and treated in a separate system (not the PCSAPT). This water includes, but is not
limited to, storm water run off from the process pad, decontamination water and water
generated from dewatering the landfill. These water sources will be collected in a lined
pond constructed at the north-end of the process pad. The water will be pumped through
a sand filter followed by carbon polishing (minimum two carbon units in series). The
treated water will be ( 1) discharged into the existing pond, currently used for discharge of
treated water from the landfill, or (2) directly reused in the BCD process system. The
treated water from the existing pond can then be used for dust control or process water
make-up if desired.
Sampling ports will be installed on the Storm Water/Decontamination Water treatment
system in order to collect samples prior to treatment, midfluent of the carbon system and
effluent quality. The influent and midfluent samples are for informational purposes, the
effluent sample is a control sample and subject to applicable permits requirements.
Currently, the Spray Irrigation System permit requires that the concentration of PCBs in
the effluent wastewater to be applied by the system shall not exceed 1 ppb PCBs. The
sampling frequency is once per month. The proposed sampling frequency for this project
is once per week for the first four weeks of full-scale operation, followed by monthly,
thereafter. The samples will be analyzed for PCBs. At a minimum, a laboratory certified
to perform PCB analysis must analyze the effluent sample (control sample). All chain of
custody's and sampling protocols must be followed. The actual permit received by the
Contractor for the spray irrigation system will predicate the sampling frequency and
analytical requirements.
3. 7 Miscellaneous Sampling
The intent of the project is to treat all PCB-contaminated materials on-site. However, due
to logistics, there will be a relatively small quantity of residual materials that will require
disposal off-site. These may include, but not be limited to:
• Spent Personal Protective Equipment (PPE),
• Porous oversize debris,
• Sand and carbon from last units used for treatment,
• Decontamination water generated after treatment systems are dismantled,
• Spent rags and materials used for decontaminating equipment, and
• Miscellaneous trash and debris including scrap steel.
ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants
17
Final March 2000
Final Verification/Confinnation Sampling Plan Warren County PCB Landfill
These waste streams will require sampling and analytical data for proper disposal and
documentation. The disposal facility requirements, the physical nature of the waste
stream (porous, non-porous, solid, liquid, etc.), and how the waste was generated will
determine the sampling and analytical requirements. The Contractor must make
provisions within their Bid to account for the sampling, analytical and disposal costs for
their residual waste streams being disposed off-site.
ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants
18
Final March 2000
Final Verification/Confirmation Sampling Plan Warren County PCB Landfill
4.0 SAMPLING PROCEDURES AND PROTOCOLS
This section describes the procedures to be followed for the collection of samples,
decontamination of sampling equipment, and sampling preservation and handling
methodologies.
4.1 Equipment Decontamination
The decontamination procedures for aqueous and non-aqueous sampling equipment are
described below:
4.1.1 Equipment Decontamination Aqueous Sampling
All field sampling equipment will be laboratory cleaned, wrapped, and dedicated
to a particular sampling point or location during a sampling episode. In instances
where this will not be feasible, permission for field cleaning must be obtained
from the NCDENR prior to the collection of any samples and be referenced in the
approved site specific field sampling quality assurance project plan.
The field sampling equipment cleaning and decontamination procedures will be as
follows:
1. Laboratory grade glassware detergent plus tap water wash
2. Generous tap water rinse
3. Distilled and deionized (American Society for Testing and Materials
(ASTM) Type II) water rinse
4. 10% nitric acid rinse* (trace metal or higher grade HN03 diluted with
Distilled and deionized (ASTM Type II) Water)
5. Distilled and deionized (ASTM Type II) water rinse*
6. Acetone (pesticide grade) rinse**
7. Total air dry or pure nitrogen blow out***
8. Distilled and deionized (ASTM Type II) water rinse***
Only if sample is to be analyzed for metals. *
**
***
Only if sample is to be analyzed for non-volatile organics.
Only if sample is to be analyzed for organics.
Wherever possible, sampling devices will be numbered in a manner that will not
affect their integrity and wrapped in a material ( e.g., aluminum foil) that has been
cleaned and oven baked at 105°C or cleaned in the same manner as the
equipment. Equipment will be custody sealed and information concerning
decontamination methodology, date, time, and personnel should be recorded in
the field logbook.
The use of distilled and deionized water commonly available from commercial
vendors may be acceptable for sampling equipment decontamination. NCDENR
ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants
19
Final March 2000
Final Verification/Confinnation Sampling Plan Warren County PCB Landfill
may require specific lot numbers from containers or analytical verification that
the distilled and deionized water meets ASTM Type II specifications.
Hexane is not a necessary solvent for dioxin, PCB, or other chlorinated organic
sampling. The cleaning procedure outlined above is adequate for all sampling
episodes. In those instances where acetone is a parameter of concern another
solvent may be used. All substitutes must be approved by NCDENR.
Decontamination will be carried out over a container and the material properly
disposed off-site, or treated on site. Decontamination wastes must be disposed of
properly.
4.1.2 Equipment Decontamination Non-Aqueous Sampling
While it is preferred that all non-aqueous field sampling equipment be laboratory
cleaned, wrapped, and dedicated to a particular sampling point or location during
a sampling episode, field cleaning may be more practical.
The field sampling equipment cleaning and decontan1ination procedures will be as
follows:
1. Laboratory grade glassware detergent and tap water scrub to remove
visual contamination.
2. Generous tap water rinse.
3. Distilled and deionized (ASTM Type II) water rinse.
NOTE: If visual contamination persists, or gross contamination is
suspected, the full eight step decontamination procedure found in Section 4.1.1
above will be performed.
Wherever possible, sampling devices will be numbered in a manner that will not
affect their integrity and wrapped in a material ( e.g., aluminum foil) that has been
cleaned and oven baked at 105° C or cleaned in the same manner as the
equipment. Equipment will be custody sealed and information concerning
decontamination methodology, date, time, and personnel will be recorded in the
field logbook.
The use of distilled and deionized water commonly available from commercial
vendors may be acceptable for sampling equipment decontamination. NCDENR
may require specific lot numbers from containers or analytical verification that
the distilled and deionized water meets ASTM Type II specifications.
Decontamination will be carried out over a container and the residual liquid
material must be properly disposed, or treated on site.
ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants
20
Final March 2000
Final Verification/Confinnation Sampling Plan Warren County PCB Landfill
When analysis for metals is required it may be necessary to use carbon steel split
spoon sampling devices instead of stainless steel. If this is the case and it is
necessary to utilize the acid rinse for removal of visible contamination, the nitric
acid rinse may be lowered to a concentration of 1 % instead of 10% so as to reduce
the possibility of leaching metals from the spoon itself.
4.2 Analytical Methodology Reference Table
The following Table 4-2 Analysis of Target Compound List/Target Analyte List is
designed to present field sampling personnel with information "at a glance" on sampling
containers and field preservation requirements. The following Table is organized by
analytical methodology, including the USEPA-Contract Laboratory Program, USEPA
SW-846, and 40 CFR Parts 141 and 143 (National Primary and Secondary Drinking
Water Regulations). The analytical methodologies in 40 CFR Part 136.3 include the 600
series methods and 40 CFR Part 141 includes the 500 series methods. These test
procedures are incorporated as they exist on the day of approval and a notice of any
change in these test procedures will be published in the Federal Register.
In addition to providing field personnel with necessary sampling information, laboratory
personnel will find these charts helpful in choosing a particular analytical methodology
for a specific matrix. Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC) Personnel and those
individuals involved with data validation will find the section on holding times
particularly useful in ensuring the quality of analytical data.
Finally there are descriptions for sample container preparation requirements which, when
performed accurately, help ensure that analytical data generated from sample results is
representative and is not subject to contamination from sample containers.
A List of Acronyms is provided which included an explanation of abbreviations
contained within Table 4-2.
4.3 Sampling Equipment
Collection of environmental and waste samples often requires various types of sampling
equipment to compliment specific situations encountered in the field. Selection of
approved sampling equipment is based on the sample type, matrix, and physical location
of the sample point and other site specific conditions. Consideration must also be given
to the compatibility of the material being sampled with the composition of the sampler.
This section addresses sampling equipment for the general types of samples encountered:
environmental samples such as soil, sediment, wastewater samples; and residual and
waste samples which are comprised of process wastes or other man-made waste
materials.
ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants
21
Final March 2000
Fii .. u Verification/Confirmation Sampli~~ Plan Warren Count_r PCB Lan"~,tl Parameter Volatile Organics Base Neutral/Acid Extractable (Semivolatile Organics) Pesticide/PCBs High Level Volatile Organic Waste Samples WARREN COUNTY PCB LANDFILL DETOXIFICATION PROJECT TABLE 4-2 Analysis of TARGET COMPOUND LISTffARGET ANALYTE LIST Using USEPA-Contract Lab Program Methodologies for Aqueous and Nonaqueous Samples Sample Container Preservation Maximum Holding Analytical Container Volume Time* Methodology Aqueous-G, black Aqueous-Cool, 4 deg C, dark, 10 Days USEPA-CLP Statement of Work for phenolic plastic 40ml 0.08% Na2S2O3 if Organic Analysis, Multi Media, Multi screw cap, teflon-residual Cl2 Concentration (Doc. #OLMO 1.8) lined septum Nonaqueous-G, Nonaqueous polypropylene 120ml Cap, white teflon liner Amber G, Teflon 1000ml Cool, 4 deg C dark Extraction Aqueous As Above lined cap continuous liquid-liquid extraction must be started within 5 days Nonaqueous l 0 days Analysis -40 days from VTSR.* As Above As Above As Above As Above As Above Aqueous-G, black Aqueous -40 Cool, 4 deg C, dark Analysis completed USEPA-CLP Statement of Work for phenolic plastic ml within 40 days of VTSR Organic Analysis-Multi Media, High screw cap, teflon-Concentration lined septum As Above Nonaqueous-G Nonaqueous polypropylene cap, 120ml white teflon liner nvironmentaJ, lnc. nv1ronmental Consultants
Fil.._. Verification/Confirmation Samplin~ Plan Warren Countx_ PCB Lan, .l Parameter High Concentration Extractable Organic Waste Samples High Concentration Aroclors and Toxaphene samples Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins (PCDDs) and Dibenzofurans (PCDFs) Low Level Metals Water except Hg Hg WARREN COUNTY PCB LANDFILL DETOXIFICATION PROJECT TABLE 4-2 Analysis of TARGET COMPOUND LIST ff ARGET ANALYTE LIST Using USEPA -Contract Lab Program Methodologies for Aqueous and Nonaqueous Samples (Continued) Sample Container Preservation Maximum Holding Analytical Container Volume Time* Methodology Aqueous-G, black 1000ml Cool, 4 deg C, dark Analysis completed USEPA-CLP Statement of Work for phenolic plastic within 40 days of VTSR Organic Analysis-Multi media, High screw cap, teflon-Concentration lined septum Nonaqueous-G polypropylene cap, white teflon liner As Above As Above As Above As Above As Above As Above 2000ml As Above None USEPA-CLP Statement of Work for I pint Analysis of Polychorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins (PCDD) Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans (PCDF) Mutli-Medi, Multi-Concentration (DFLMO 1.1) Aqueous -P bottle, Aqueous-Aqueous -HN03 to 180 days USEPA-CLP Statement of Work for Low P cap, P liner 1000ml PH<2 Concentration Water for Inorganic Analysis (Doc. #ILCOI.0) As Above As Above As Above 26 days As Above ETG Environmental, Inc. / BFA Environmental Consultants Final March 2000
Fi1._. Verification/Confirmation Samplin~ Plan Warren Coun.!X, PCB Lru. J Parameter Metals except Hg Low Level Pesticides/PCBs Organics WARREN COUNTY PCB LANDFILL DETOXIFICATION PROJECT TABLE 4-2 Analysis of TARGET COMPOUND LISTffARGET ANALYTE LIST Using USEPA -Contract Lab Program Methodologies for Aqueous and Nonaqueous Samples (Continued) Sample Container Preservation Maximum Holding Analytical Container Volume Time* Methodology Aqueous -P bottle, Aqueous -Aqueous -HNO3 180 days USEPA-CLP Statement of Work for P cap, P liner l000 ml To PH<2 Inorganic Analysis Multi Media, Multi Concentration (Doc. #JLM02.0) Nonaqueous -Flint Nonaqueous Nonaqueous -4 As Above Glass bottle, black 4,8,16, or 32 Deg C until analysis phenolic cap, oz polyethylene liner Amber G, Teflon 1000 ml Cool, 4 deg C, dark Extraction -Continuous USEPA-CLP Statement of Work for Low Lined Cap extraction must be Concentration Water for Organic Analysis started within 5 days (Doc. #OLCO 1.0) Analysis -40 days from start of extraction ETG Environmental, Inc. / BFA Environmental Consultants Fmal March 2000
Fh._. Verification/Confirmation Sampli~g Plan Warren Count}'.: PCB Lan"' .... tl Parameter Volatile Organics -Concentrated Waste Samples Volatile Organics -Soil/Sediments Sludge Total Organic Carbon Phenols Total recoverable oil and grease Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons Chloride Extractable Organics-Concentrated Waste Samples WARREN COUNTY PCB LANDFILL DETOXIFICATION PROJECT TABLE 4-2 Analysis of ORGANIC and INORGANIC Compounds Using USEPA SW-846 METHODOLOGIES for Aqueous, Nonaqueous, and Waste Samples Sample Container Preservation Maximum Holding Analytical Container Volume Time* Methodology G, wide mouth, 8 oz. None 14 days SW-846, 3'° edition, Vol 1-B; GC-8010, teflon liner 8015, 8020; GC/MS-8240 G, wide mouth, 4 oz. Cool 4 deg C 14 days SW-846, 3'° edition, Vol 1-B; GC-8010, teflon liner 8015, 8020; GC/MS-8240, 8260 G-Preferred P-lf 100ml Cool, 4 deg C, dark, 2 hrs -unpreserved 28 SW-846, 3'° edition, Vol 1-C; 9060 determined that HCI or H2SO4 to pH<2 days -preserved there is no If analysis can't be contributing organic done within 2 hrs -contamination G only 1 liter Cool, 4 deg C, 28 Days SW-846, 3'° edition, Vol 1-C; 9065, 9066, H2SO4 to pH<2 9067 G only, wide mouth 1 liter Cool, 4 deg C Unpreserved -few hrs SW-846, 3ru edition, Vol 1-C; 9070 5 ml, HCI, Cool 4 deg Preserved -28 days C G I liter Cool, 4 deg C Aqueous 7 days Method 418.1 (modified for soil) 4 oz Nonaqueous 28 days Gasoline in soil 7 days P,G 1 liter Cool, 4 deg C 28 days SW-846, 3'° edition, Vol 1-C; 9250, 9251, 9252 G, wide mouth 8 oz Cool, 4 deg C 14 days SW-846, 3'" edition, Vol 1-B; GC-8080; w/teflon liner GC/MS-8270 ETG Environmental, Inc. / BFA Environmental Consultants Fmal March 2000
F1i. .. 1 Verification/Confirmation Samplins Plan Warren Countr PCB Lan~~,11 Parameter Extractable Organics-Soils/Sediments Sludges Metals except Cr VI and Hg Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxin (PCDDs) and Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans (PCDFs) WARREN COUNTY PCB LANDFILL DETOXIFICATION PROJECT TABLE 4-2 Analysis of ORGANIC and INORGANIC Compounds Using USEPA SW-846 METHODOLOGIES for Aqueous, Non-aqueous, and Waste Samples (Continued) Sample Container Preservation Maximum Holding Analytical Container Volume Time* Methodology G, wide mouth, 8 oz Cool 4 deg C Extract within 14 days SW-846, 3'° edition, Vol 1-8; GC-8080; w/Teflon liner and analyze within 40 GC/MS-8270 days of extraction date P,G 600 ml HN03 to pH <2 6 mos SW-846, 3ru edition, Vol I-A; 7000 series G, with wide mouth I pint Cool, 4 deg C, dark Extracted within 30 days SW-846, 3'u edition, Vol 1-8; GC/MS w/teflon liner and analyzed within 45 8280 days of sampling ETG Environmental, Inc. I BFA Environmental Consultants Fmal March 2000
Fi .. ~• Verification/Confirmation Sampling Plan Warren Countl'._ PCB Lrui-~.11 WARREN COUNTY PCB LANDFILL DETOXIFICATION PROJECT TABLE 4-2 Analysis of Contaminants Using SAFE DRINKING WATER Methodologies (including 500 series) for Aqueous Samples Contaminants Sample Container Preservation Maximum Holding Analytical Container Volume Time* Methodology Chloride P,G 100 ml None 28 days 40 CFR 141, 143 Residue, Non P,G 100ml Cool, 4 deg C 7 days 40 CFR 143 filterable (TDS) Residue-total As Above As Above As Above As Above As Above filterable (TSS) PH 25 ml None 15 minutes 40 CFR 141, 143 Clorinated G, foil or Teflon 40ml Cool at 4 deg C ASAP Extraction: 14 days 40 CFR 141 SMl6-509A Hydrocarbons lined cap 120ml after collection Analysis: 40 days Volatile Organic Screw cap vials, 40ml-I: I HCI to pH<2 Cool, 14 days 40 CFR 141 Method 502.2 Compounds PTFE-faced silicone 120ml 4 deg C until analysis septum Organohalide Screw cap vials, 40-120 ml 3 mg Na2S203 If Heptachlor Extraction: 40 CFR 141 Method 505 Pesticides and PTFE faced silicone or 7 uL Na2S203 7 days Commercial PCB septum (0.04 g/ml), Cool, 4 deg Analysis: 40 days. If no Products C until analyzed extraction analysis 14 (Arochlors) days Chlorinated Borosilicate I-liter HgCI to produce Extraction: 7 days 40 CFR 141 Method 508A Pesticides w/graduations, concentration of I 0 Analysis: 14 days after screw caps lined mg/L. Seal bottle and extraction with PTFE-shake vigorously for I fluorocarbon minute. Cool, 4 deg C extracted with until extraction methanol overnight PCBs (Screening) As Above As Above Cool, 4 deg C Extraction: 7 days 40 CFR 141 Method 508A Analysis: 30 days 2,3,7,8-TCDD G Screw cap Teflon 25 ml IO mg Na2S2O3 or Extract within 14 days 40CFR 141 Method513 (Dioxin) faced silicone sodium sulfite and analyze within 40 septum days from extraction date ETG Envuonmental, Inc. / BFA Environmental Consultants Final March 2000
Final Verification/Confirmation Sampling Plan Warren County PCB Landfill ·
In order to minimize interference and cross contamination, all environmental, residual
and waste sampling equipment used for the collection of environmental samples will be
of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE, e.g., Teflon®) or stainless steel construction. PTFE is
always the preferred material but may not always be practical. Therefore, there are
specific conditions under which material other than PTFE may be used. Some of these
include the use of stainless steel equipment for soil and sediment sampling, and the use of
carbon steel split spoons for soil samples at depth. In some cases such as wastewater
sampling, collection directly into the laboratory provided sample container eliminates the
need for sampling equipment, as well as field blank quality assurance samples.
While the preferred material of construction for sampling equipment used in waste
sampling is PTFE or stainless steel, collection of some waste samples may not be
possible with standard equipment. Therefore, alternate equipment constructed of
different material may be necessary. In all cases, the material of construction will be
compatible with the sample being collected and will not interfere with the parameters of
concern.
4.3.1 Non-Aqueous Sampling Equipment
Soils/Sediments
There are many factors involved when choosing the proper sampling equipment for
non-aqueous samples. The most important aspect of sampling is to get a
representative sample of all horizons present. An attempt must also be made to
maintain sample integrity by preserving its physical form and therefore, its chemical
composition. The use of proper sampling equipment can accomplish these goals.
Soil/Sediment samples will be collected to determine contamination in soils or extent
of contamination. For the Warren County PCB Landfill Detoxification project
surface sampling and waste pile sampling are two types of non-aqueous samples to be
collected.
Surface Samples
The trowel or scoop will be used in collecting surface soil samples. They can also be
used for a variety of other solid waste samples.
The preferred sample equipment for the surface soils on this project is a trowel, which
looks like a small shovel or a laboratory scoop. A laboratory scoop is similar to the
trowel, but the blade is usually more curved and has a closed upper end to permit the
containment of material. Scoops come in different sizes and makes. Many are coated
with chrome paint which can peel off and get into the sample: these are unacceptable.
Stainless steel scoops are preferred; however, scoops made from alternative materials
may be applicable in certain instances. The decision for equipment construction of
material other than stainless steel will be made at the discretion of NCDENR.
ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants
28
Final March 2000
Final Verification/Confinnation Sampling Plan Warren County PCB Landfill ·
Waste Pile Sampler
For collecting samples from the various material piles (treated and untreated) a waste
pile sampler is recommended. It can also be used for sampling granular or powdered
wastes or materials in large bins, barges, or soils.
The waste pile sampler is essentially a large sampling trier. It is commercially
available but it can be easily fabricated from sheet metal or plastic pipe. A polyvinyl
chloride plumbing pipe 1.52 m (5 ft.) long by 3.2 cm (1 ¼ in.) in diameter by 0.32 cm
(1/8 in.) wall thickness is adequate. The pipe is sawed lengthwise (about 60/40 split)
until the last 10 cm ( 4 in.). The narrower piece is sawed-off and hence forms a slot in
the pipe. The edges of the slot and the tip of the pipe are sharpened to permit the
sampler to slide into the waste material being sampled. The unsplit length of the pipe
serves as the handle. The plastic pipe can be purchased from hardware stores.
Procedures for Use
1. Insert the sampler into the waste material being sampled at 0° to 45° from
horizontal.
11. Rotate the sampler two or three times in order to cut a core of the material.
111. Slowly withdraw the sampler, making sure that the slot is facing upward.
1v. Transfer the sample into a laboratory cleaned sample container with the aid of
a spatula and/or brush.
v. Follow procedures and preservation and transport.
4.3.2 Aqueous Sampling Equipment
Wastewater sampling equipment is typically designed to collect aqueous sample from
the influent and effluent to a treatment facility. Since large volumes of water are
being monitored over time, their ability to composite samples makes them most
suitable.
Samples may be collected manually or with automatic samplers. Whichever
technique is adopted, the success of the sampling program is directly related to the
care exercised during sample collection. Optimum performance will be obtained by
using trained personnel.
a) Manual Sampling
There is minimal initial cost involved in manual sampling. The human
element is the key to the success or failure of any manual sampling program.
It is well suited to the collection of a small number of samples, but is costly
and time consuming for routine and large sampling programs.
ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants
29
Final March 2000
Final Verification/Confirmation Sampling Plan Warren County PCB Landfill .
b) Automatic Sampling
The project has been designed to include sample parts to obtain grab samples
from various locations throughout the process Condensate Separation
Aqueous Phase Treatment System and Storm Water/Decontamination Water
Treatment System. However, automatic samplers can be beneficial because of
their cost effectiveness, versatility, reliability, increased capabilities, greater
sampling frequency and application to monitoring requirements specific to
discharge permits. Automatic samplers are available with widely varying
levels of sophistication, performance, mechanical reliability and cost.
However, no single automatic sampling device is ideally suited for all
situations. For each application, the following variables should be considered
in selecting an automatic sampler:
1. Variation of water or wastewater characteristics with time.
2. Variation of flow rate with time.
3. Specific gravity of liquid and concentrations of suspended solids.
4. Presence of floating materials.
Selection of a unit should also be preceded by careful evaluation of the range
of intended use , the skill level required for installation and the level of
accuracy desired. There are usually five interrelated subsystems in the design
of an automatic sampler to consider. These are the sample intake, gathering,
transport, storage, and power subsystems.
4.4 Sample Collection
This section discusses the types of samples anticipated to be collected during the Warren
County PCB Landfill Detoxification project.
4.4.1 Grab Sample
A grab sample is a discrete aliquot that is representative of one specific sample
site at a specific point in time. Since the entire sample is collected at one
particular point and all at one time, a grab sample is representative only of those
static conditions. If the source or condition is fairly consistent over a period of
time and/or geographical area, the grab sample can be considered to be fairly
representative. However, for sources that vary greatly over time, distance or area
(e.g., release of contaminants into moving water or air) the representativeness of a
grab sample is not as great.
4.4.2 Composite Sample
A composite sample is a non-discrete sample composed of more than one specific
aliquot collected at various sampling points and/or at different points. Composite
samples may give an "average" concentration or composition of contaminant in
ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants
30
Final March 2000
Final Verification/Confirmation Sampling Plan Warren County PCB Landfill
individual grab samples is diluted proportionately to the number of samples taken.
It is advisable that if a positive identification is made in the course of analyzing a
composite sample, that the discrete samples then be analyzed individually to
determine the true distribution of contaminant throughout each component of the
composite.
When collecting samples at hazardous waste sites, primarily grab sampling is
employed. However, compositing samples have merit when performed for
specific purposes and under known conditions, such as this project, where
composite samples represent "average" concentrations over specific areas and/or
processing days.
4.4.3 Surficial Sampling
Surficial sampling is used to assess the existence and/or extent of contamination
on various surfaces rather than in a soil, water or air matrix. For example, the
interior of a building may be assessed by collecting wipe samples of the process
vessels and interiors of ventilation ducts . The three types of samples (wipe, chip
and sweep) are for similar purposes, the three types of sampling are performed in
very different ways because they are intended to assess different surface areas.
A) Wipe Samples
This method of monitoring surficial contamination is intended for non-
volatile species of analytes ( e.g., PCB, TCDD, TCDF) on non-porous
surfaces (e.g., metal, glass). Sample points should be carefully chosen and
should be based on site history, manufacturing processes, personnel
practices, obvious contamination, migration pathways and available
surface area. Suggested sampling points include process vessels,
ventilation ducts and fans, exposed beams, window panes, etc. The area
wiped should be large enough to provide a sufficient amount of sample for
analysis (smaller sample volumes cause higher detection limits).
To collect a wipe sample the following equipment is needed:
A ruler or measuring tape to measure out the area being wiped
Disposable surgical gloves, to be changed prior to handling clean
gauze, sample container or solvent
Sterile, wrapped gauze pad (3 in. x 3 in.)
Appropriate pesticide grade solvent or distilled and deionized
water
To facilitate the collection of a wipe sample, 3 in. x 3 in. gauze should be
utilized. The use of filter paper for wipe sampling is not recommended.
Filter paper will tend to rip and crumble if the surface wiped is slightly
ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants
31
Final March 2000
Final Verification/Confirmation Sampling Plan Warren County PCB Landfill
rough. If filter paper is to be used, it should be four inch diameter heavy
gauge paper, such as Whatman #4 Filter Paper.
The solvent of choice may change based upon the analytes of interest and
surface being sampled. Gauze pads for semi-volatiles, pesticide and PCB
samples should be moistened in a 1 :4 acetone/hexane mixture, and those
for metals with distilled and deionized water. The gauze pad should be
soaked and excess squeezed out immediately before the collection of each
sample. Use of pre-soaked pads is not acceptable. Alternate solvents may
be acceptable for certain parameters, however, their approval for use will
be at the discretion of NCDENR.
Occasionally samples are desired from painted or waxed surfaces. Since
hexane may degrade the finish or pick up interfering substances, an
alternative solvent should be used. In this case, methanol or
distilled/deionized water for semi-volatiles, pesticides and PCBs and
distilled and deionized water alone for metals should be used. Surface
interference's should be recorded in the field logbook.
Once the sample location has been determined, sample collection can
begin. It is recommended that an area be premeasured ( e.g. 25 cm x 25
cm) to allow for easier calculation of final results. However, this is not
always feasible and may be done after area is wiped. Wearing a new pair
of disposable surgical gloves, remove the gauze pad from its sterile
wrapping and soak it with the appropriate solvent. Wipe entire area to be
sampled once in the horizontal direction and once in the vertical direction,
applying moderate pressure. Wipe the entire area so that all the sample
material is picked up. Place the gauze pad into the sample container.
A blank must always be collected for each wipe sampling episode in order
to ensure the quality of the data. This blank will help to identify potential
introduction of contaminants from the pad, solvent, sample container or
ambient air conditions. To perform a wipe blank, start by wearing new
gloves, then wet a gauze pad with the solvent or water (for each collection
parameter) and place the pad directly into the sample bottle.
When samples are submitted for analysis, the laboratory should be told to
rinse the sample jars with the appropriate extraction or digestion solvent,
depending on the analysis to be performed, when transferring sample to
the extraction glassware. This will ensure that the entire sample has been
removed from the container.
B. Chip Samples
This method of monitoring surficial contamination is intended for non-
volatile species of analytes (e.g., PCB, TCDD, TCDF) on porous surfaces
ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants
32
Final March 2000
Final Verification/Confirmation Sampling Plan Warren County PCB Landfill •
(e.g., cement, brick, wood). Sample points should be carefully chosen and
should be based on site history, manufacturing processes, personnel
practices, obvious contamination and available surface area. Suggested
sampling points include floors near process vessels and storage tanks,
loading/unloading areas, etc. The sampling area should be large enough to
provide a sufficient amount of sample for analysis (smaller sample
volumes cause higher detection limits). To facilitate the calculations once
the analytical data is received, the area sampled should be measured. To
collect a chip sample, the following equipment is needed:
A ruler, or measuring tape to measure out area to be sampled
Disposable surgical gloves, to be changed prior to collection of
each sample
Decontaminated chisel of borosilicate construction and hammer or
electric hammer
Dedicated natural bristle brush and a dust pan lined with aluminum
foil or one that is dedicated, decontaminated and constructed of a
pre-approved material which will not interfere with the
contaminants of concern
Container for sample
Once the sample location has been determined and marked off, sample
collection can begin. Wearing a new pair of disposable gloves, and using
a decontaminated chisel and hammer, break up the surface to be sampled.
An effort should be made to avoid scattering pieces out of the sampling
area boundary. Any pieces that fall outside the sampling area should not
be used. The area should be chipped to less than one-quarter inch
(preferably 1/8 in.). Record how deep chips were taken. Collect the
chipped pieces using a dedicated, decontaminated dust and natural bristle
brush and transfer the sample directly into the bottle.
C. Sweep Samples
This method of monitoring surficial contamination is intended for non-
volatile species of analytes ( e.g., PCB, TCDD, TCDF) in residue found in
porous (e.g., asphalt) or non-porous (e.g., metal) surfaces. Sweep
sampling allows collection of dust/residue samples that may help in the
assessment of contaminant determination and delineation. Sample points
should be carefully chosen and should be based on site history,
manufacturing processes, personnel practices, obvious contamination,
migration pathways and available surface area.
Suggested sampling points include areas in ventilation systems where dust
can collect, floor surfaces near process vessels and storage tanks ( e.g.,
linoleum floors where a solvent cannot be used or too much residue exists
for a wipe sample to be easily collected), street gutters where
ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants
33
Final March 2000
Final Verification/Confirmation Sampling Plan Warren County PCB Landfill
contaminated sediments may have migrated and accumulated, etc. The
area sampled should be large enough to provide a sufficient amount of
sample for analysis.
To collect a sweep sample the following equipment is needed:
Dedicated natural bristle brush
Decontaminated stainless steel spatula and/or a dust pan lined with
aluminum foil , or one that is dedicated, decontaminated and
constructed of a pre-approved material which will not interfere
with the contaminants of concern
Disposable dedicated surgical gloves to be changed prior to
collection of each sample.
Container for sample
Once the sample location has been determined, sample collection can
begin. Wearing a new pair of disposable gloves, sweep all residue in the
area to be sampled onto a decontaminated or dedicated dust pan or directly
into the sample container. A decontaminated or dedicated spatula may be
used to aid in transferring the sample into the sample bottle.
D. Rinsate Samples
This method of sampling is utilized to determine if surfaces contain
hazardous waste residual after being cleaned. It is normally associated
with drum storage pads, floors of buildings and the inside of waste tanks.
Rinsate samples are performed by collecting the water from the last rinse
when cleaning a tank or surface area. This water, which is normally
potable water, is then analyzed and compared against a blank consisting of
the same type of water.
4.4.4 Post Sampling Activities
There are several steps to be taken, even after the transfer of the sample into the
sample bottle, that are necessary to properly complete collection activities. Once
the sample is transferred into the appropriate container, the bottle will be capped
and, if necessary, the outside of the bottle will be wiped with a clean paper towel
to remove excess sampling material. The bottle is not to be submerged in water in
an effort to clean it. Rather, if necessary, a clean paper towel moistened with
distilled and deionized water is to be used.
The sample will be preserved immediately (4°C or appropriate reagent), properly
labeled, packaged for transportation and custody sealed. Information such as
sample number, location, collection time and sample description will be recorded
in the field logbook. Associated paperwork ( e.g., Chain of Custody forms,
ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants
34
Final March 2000
Final Verification/Confirmation Sampling Plan Warren County PCB Landfill
Sample Analysis Request forms) will then be completed and remain with the
sample. The samples will be packaged in a manner that will allow the appropriate
storage temperature to be maintained during shipment to the laboratory. Samples
will be delivered to the laboratory so the proper temperature level is assured and
analytical holding times are not exceeded.
4.5 Documentation
Proper documentation of all site activities will be a crucial part of the field investigation
process. Documentation must be maintained to trace the repossession and handling of
samples from the time of collection through analysis and disposition. Documentation
procedures include: sample labels, sample seals, field log books, chain of custody
records, sample analysis request forms , and laboratory sample logs. The details of all
sampling activities must be recorded in a field logbook. When samples are collected,
documentation in the form of sample analysis request forms must be completed. Proper
completion of these forms and the field log book are necessary to support potential
enforcement actions that may occur from the results of sample analysis.
4.5.1 Field Log Books
Field logbooks must be bound and will have numbered, water resistant pages. All
pertinent information regarding the site and sampling procedures must be
documented. Notations will be made in logbook fashion, noting the time and date
of all entries. Information recorded in this notebook should include, but not be
limited to, the following:
Name of person keeping log; field instrument calibration information; location of
sampling points (including justification) number of samples taken, volume of
samples taken; preservation; method of sample collection and any factors that
may affect its quality; date and time of sample collection and any factors that may
affect its quality; name of collector; all sample identification numbers; description
of samples; weather conditions on the day of sampling and up to forty-eight hours
previous and any field observations.
4.5.2 Documenting Sampling Points
Sampling points should be documented as to their exact location for purposes of
future sampling. This is accomplished through the use of a monument, measuring
tape and compass, or surveying instrumentation for samples collected in the field.
A monument( s) will be installed to act as a stationary reference point from which
all sampling points can be measured using a compass and measuring tape, or
surveying instrument.
When establishing a sampling point, follow this procedure:
ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants
35
Final March 2000
Final Verification/Confinnation Sampling Plan Warren County PCB Landfill .
Standing at the monument, facing sampling point, use the compass
hairlines to determine degree of direction.
Line of sight should run from the monument, through both hairline
needles on the compass, to the sampling point.
When first establishing the sampling point, record the degree and
direction reading from the compass in the field notebook, along
with the distance measurement, from the monument to the exact
sampling point.
In the future, field investigating teams should have no difficulty
finding the exact locations from which previous samples were
taken when they are provided with the monument and compass
data.
4.5.3 Photo-Documentation
All sampling points should be documented on film. A film record of a sampling
event allows positive identification of the sampling point. Photographs are the
most accurate and convenient demonstration of the field personnel's observations.
Photographs taken to document sampling points should include two or more
reference P,oints to facilitate relocating the point at a later date.
Keeping a record of photographs taken is crucial to their validity as a
representation of an existing situation. Therefore, for each photograph taken
several items should be noted in the field notebook:
1. Date
2. Time
3. Photographed by (signature)
4. Name of site
5. General direction faced and description of the subject taken
6. Sequential number of the photograph and the roll number
Photo-documentation is invaluable if the sampling and subsequential analytical
data ends in litigation, enforcement, or cost recovery actions. Video coverage of a
sampling episode can be equally or even more valuable than photographs because
it can be used to prove that samples were taken properly as well as where they
were taken. It can be used as a record of site conditions and can give those who
have not been on-site an idea of the circumstances.
4.5.4 Sample Collection Paperwork
A) Sample Labels
Sample labels are an important part of proper documentation as their use not only
reduces the possibility of confusing sample containers, but also provides the
information necessary during handling to complete chain-of-custody forms.
ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants
36
Final March 2000
Final Verification/Confirmation Sampling Plan Warren County PCB Landfill.
Sample containers should be pre-labeled before sample collection and the labels
themselves protected from the sample matrix with a clear tape covering. Sample
labels should include the sample number; parameter sampled; date; time sampled;
sampler's initials; preservative; and site name or location.
B) Chain of Custody/Sample Analysis Request
When samples are collected for laboratory analysis, additional documentation
procedures are required. The Chain of Custody (COC) form is intended as a legal
record of possession of the sample. The COC should be initiated at the laboratory
at sample container receipt, remains with the sample at all times and bears the
name of the person assuming responsibility for the samples. This person is tasked
with ensuring secure and appropriate handling of the bottles and samples. When
the form is completed, it should indicate that there were no lapses in sample
accountability.
In order to assure that the proper analysis is performed on the samples, the
laboratory performing the analysis may require additional information and/or the
regulatory agency involved. Such as identification of samples by number,
location and the time collected and desired analysis. This information should act
as a confirmation to laboratory contacts made prior to the sample event initiation.
ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants
37
Final March 2000
Final Verification/Confirmation Sampling Plan Warren County PCB Landfill
5.0 QUALITY ASSURANCE AND QUALITY CONTROL
Quality assurance measures are associated with each sampling and analysis event as an
additional measure of control to assure that the sample delivered to the laboratory for
analysis is representative of site conditions. The sampling plan outlines how the
representative quality of the samples will be assured. This includes but is not limited:
laboratory Standard Operating Procedure (SOP), field SOP, sample bottle preparation,
equipment decontamination, trip blanks, field blanks, duplicates, split samples,
performance evaluation samples, sample preservation and handling, chain of custody,
analysis request, analytical methods, parameters and deliverables.
5.1 Laboratory Procurement
The Contractor will provide as part of this Plan the QA/QC package of each laboratory
procured for the project.
The laboratory must provide a statement (on all Analytical Reports) certifying that the
laboratory is either certified for applicable parameters under 15 North Carolina
Administrative Code (NCAC) Subchapter 2H.0800, or that it is a contract laboratory
under EPA's CLP. When selecting a laboratory, the following factors are to be
considered:
Whether the laboratory has maintained the required certifications and
approvals for specific parameters for which samples are to be analyzed.
Whether the laboratory is available to perform the analysis requested.
Whether the laboratory has the capacity to handle all the samples that will
be delivered.
Whether the laboratory can perform the analysis within the time frame
specified (if applicable).
Whether the laboratory has sufficient backup instrumentation procedures.
The laboratory's proximity to the site or capability to pick up and deliver
as needed.
5.2 Sample Containers
Prior to the collection of a sample, consideration must be given to the type of container
that will be used to store and transport the sample. The party requesting the analysis is
responsible for requesting the proper sample containers. Their selection is based on the
sample matrix, potential contaminants to be encountered, analytical methods requested,
and the laboratory's internal quality assurance requirements. Selection of appropriate
sample containers should also be based upon review of the criteria listed below, and the
information contained in Table 4-2.
ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants
38
Final March 2000
Final Verification/Confinnation Sampling Plan Warren County PCB Landfill
5.2.1 Reactivity of Container Material with Sample
Choosing the proper composition of sample containers ensures that the chemical
and physical integrity of the sample is maintained. For sampling potentially
hazardous material, glass is the recommended container type because it is
chemically inert to most substances. Plastic containers are not recommended for
most hazardous wastes because the potential exists for contaminants to adsorb to
the surface of the plastic or for the plasticizers to leach into the sample.
In some instances, the sample characteristics or analytes of interest may dictate
that plastic containers be used instead of glass. Because some metals species will
adhere to the sides of glass containers in an aqueous matrix, plastic bottles must
be used for samples collected for metals analysis. In the case of a strong alkali
waste or hydrofluoric solution, plastic containers may be more suitable because
glass containers may be etched by these compounds creating adsorptive sites on
the container surface.
5.2.2 Volume of the Container
The analytical method and the sample matrix will dictate the volume of sample to
be collected. The laboratory must supply bottles of sufficient volume to perform
the required analysis. In most cases, the methodology dictates the volume of the
sample material required to complete the analysis. However, individual
laboratories may provide larger volume containers for various analytes to ensure
sufficient quantities for replicates or other quality control checks.
5.2.3 Color of Container
Whenever possible, amber glass containers should be used to prevent
photodegradation of the sample, except when samples are being collected for
metals analysis. If amber containers are not available, containers holding samples
should be protected from light. However, 40ml clear glass vials are often
provided by laboratories for Volatile Organic Analysis (VOA)/aqueous analysis
and are acceptable for use.
5.2.4 Container Closures
Container closures should form a leak-proof seal (i.e., screw caps or ground glass
stoppers). Closures must be constructed of a material, which is inert with respect
to the sampled material, such as PTFE (e.g., Teflon®). Alternately, the closure
may be separated from the sample by a closure liner that is inert to the sample
material such as PTFE liner or septum.
ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants
39
Final March 2000
Final Verification/Confirmation Sampling Plan Warren County PCB Landfill
5.2.5 Decontamination of Sample Containers and Chain of Custody
Sample containers must be laboratory cleaned, preferably by the laboratory
performing the analysis. The cleaning procedure is dictated by the specific
analysis to be performed on the sample. The sample bottles prepared for
shipment will be accompanied by a chain of custody and the cooler or shuttle
containing them should be custody sealed. The chain of custody must also
accompany the bottles during transportation to the field, sample collection,
transportation back to the laboratory, during analysis and identify final disposal of
the sample container. When collecting a sample, sampling personnel should
record the seal number associated with each sample shuttle or cooler and record
whether the seal was intact upon arrival in the field. This assures that the sample
containers were not tampered within the time between their preparation and their
arrival in the field. After sample collection, the bottles again will be sealed into
the shuttle or cooler and the seal number will be recorded in the field logbook.
Upon arrival at the lab, the person receiving the sample will note the number and
condition of the custody seal.
5.2.6 Sample Bottle Storage and Transport
No matter where the sample bottles are, whether at the laboratory waiting to be
packed for shipment or in the field waiting to be filled with sample, care must be
taken to avoid contamination. Sample shuttles, or coolers, and sample bottles
themselves must be stored and transported in clean environments. Sample bottles
and clean sampling equipment must never be stored near solvents, gasoline, or
other equipment that is a potential source of contamination. When under chain of
custody, sample bottles must be secured in locked vehicles or storage areas,
custody sealed in shuttles or in the presence of authorized personnel.
5.3 Procedures for Quality Assurance and Quality Control (QA/QC)
QA/QC samples are intended to provide control over the collection of environmental
measurements and subsequent validation, review, and interpretation of generated
analytical data. QA/QC samples will be performed for "Control Samples" as identified in
Table 3-1. The various types of blank samples and related QA/QC concerns such as
packaging, handling, preparation and actual procurement of samples from field locations
are discussed below.
The trip blank is used exclusively for volatile organic analysis (aqueous sampling only)
and its purpose is to measure possible cross contamination of samples during shipping to
and from the site. The trip blank is never opened and travels to the site with the empty
sample bottles and back from the site with the collected samples in an effort to simulate
sample handling conditions. Contaminated trip blanks may also indicate inadequate
bottle cleaning or blank water of questionable quality.
ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants
40
Final March 2000
Final Verification/Confirmation Sampling Plan Warren County PCB Landfill ·
The primary purpose of this type of blank is to detect additional sources of contamination
that might potentially influence contaminant values reported in actual samples both
quantitatively as potential sources of contamination.
Laboratory reagent water
Sample containers
Cross contamination in shipment, bottle handling and storage
Ambient air or contact with analytical instrumentation during preparation
and analysis at the laboratory
Laboratory reagents used in analytical procedures
The purpose of a field blank is to place a mechanism of control on sample equipment
handling, preparation, storage, and shipment. The field blank travels and is stored with
the samples bottles, and is also representative of bottle shipment effects on sample
quality. By being opened in the field and transferred over a cleaned sampling device
(where applicable), the field blank is indicative of ambient conditions and/or equipment
conditions that may potentially affect the quality of the associated samples.
The primary purpose of this type of blank is to provide an additional check on possible
sources of contamination beyond that which is intended for trip blanks. A field blank
serves a similar purpose as a trip blank regarding blank water quality and sample bottle
preparation. However, it is primarily used to indicate potential contamination from
ambient air as well as from sampling instruments used to collect and transfer samples
from point of collection into sample containers (it may also be referred to as the field
rinsate blank).
The following is a breakdown by matrix of blank sample requirements.
5.3.1 Non-Aqueous Matrix
a. Field Blanks
1. Description -The performance of field blanks requires two (2) sets
of identical bottles; one set filled with demonstrated analyte free
water provided by the laboratory performing the sample analysis,
and one empty set of bottles. The bottles should also be identical
to those provided for aqueous sample collection. Note: Since field
blanks are aqueous, the laboratory must provide water for volatile
analysis in 40 ml septum vials. Although for soil VOA sample
collection in the laboratory may provide 4 oz. Wide mouth bottles.
At the field location, in an area suspected to be contaminated, the
water is passed from the full set of bottles through the dedicated or
field decontaminated sampling device(s) and into the empty set of
bottles. This will constitute identical bottle to bottle transfer.
Field blanks must be preserved in the same manner as samples and
ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants
41
Final March 2000
Final Verification/Confirmation Sampling Plan Warren County PCB Landfill
5.3.2
only need to be collected and analyzed for volatile organics when
volatile organics constitute a parameter being investigated.
11. Frequency -For sampling events lasting more than one day, field
blanks for the non-aqueous matrix should be performed at a rate of
10% of the total number of samples collected throughout the event.
If, for example, 40 samples were to be collected over a six-day
period, then only four field blanks would be required. For one-day
sampling events, with the total number of samples collected being
less than 10, it is required that one field blank be collected. One a
site specific basis, QA frequency requirements may be amended at
the discretion of NCDENR. However, it is not necessary to collect
more than one field blank per day.
b. Trip Blanks
TRIP BLANKS ARE NOT REQUIRED FOR THE NON-AQUEOUS
MA TRIX unless specifically requested for Special Analytical Services
(SAS) by NCDENR.
Aqueous Matrix
a.
b.
Field Blanks
l. Description -Same as a.1. above with one exception: Field
blanks must be analyzed for all the same parameters as
samples collected that day.
11. Field blanks will not be required when a sample is collected
directly from a source into sampling container.
111. Frequency -Field blanks for the aqueous matrix must be
performed at a rate of one per day.
Trip Blanks
1. Description -Trip blanks are required for aqueous
sampling events. They consist of a set of sample bottles
filled at the laboratory with laboratory demonstrated
analyte free water. These samples then accompany the
bottles that are prepared at the laboratory into the field and
back to the laboratory, along with the collected samples for
analysis. These bottles are never opened in the field. Trip
blanks must return to the lab with the same set of bottles
they accompanied to the field. At a minimum trip blanks
must be analyzed for volatile organic parameters.
11. Frequency -Trip blanks will be included at a rate of one
per sample shipment.
ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants
42
Final March 2000
Final Verification/Confirmation Sampling Plan Warren County PCB Landfill .
5.3.3 Air Matrix
Trip and field blank procedures and frequencies for the various air sampling
methods available should follow the specifications of the individual analytical
method utilized. QA sample requirements may be amended at the discretion of
NCDENR.
5.3.4 Blank Water Quality
The demonstrated analyte free water used in the field and trip blanks must
originate from one common source and physical location within the laboratory
and must be the same as the method blank water used by the laboratory
performing the specific analysis. The use of commercially prepared water or
water not originating from the laboratory analyzing the samples is not permitted.
An exception to this requirement is allowable if:
1. it is the same water used for method blank analysis,
2. the laboratory has analyzed that water and generated data from a
specific batch/lot of containers,
3. The blank sample is drawn from an unopened container from the
same batch/lot thus documenting the water is free of contaminants
( demonstrated analyte free).
The laboratory performing the analysis may be required to provide documentation
that trip and field blank water was demonstrated analyte free if contamination is
detected in blanks, or at NCDENR's discretion. This would be verified by
analytical results of method blanks run by the laboratory on the day of trip and
field blank preparation and shipment. This does not, however, change
requirements for the analysis of method blanks on the day of sample analysis at
the laboratory.
A method blank is blank water, which is carried through the entire sample
preparation procedure and analysis at the laboratory. It is utilized as a check on
laboratory procedures as well as possible contamination from laboratory
equipment (i.e. reagents, glassware, etc.). The use of solid method blanks for
volatiles and extractable organics is unacceptable to NCDENR. Method blanks
associated with non-aqueous samples should consist of laboratory demonstrated
analyte free water (documentation available upon request) which is prepared and
analyzed in the same manner as the samples.
5.3.5 Sample Handling and Holding Times
a. Handling Time
Field trip and blank samples must travel with sample containers and must
arrive on-site within one day of their preparation in the lab. Blanks and
ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants
43
Final March 2000
Final Verification/Confinnation Sampling Plan Warren County PCB Landfill
their associated sample may be held on-site for no longer than two
calendar days, and must arrive back in the lab within one day of shipment
from the field. This constitutes a maximum of a four (4) day handling
time. Blanks and all samples must be maintained at 4°C while stored on-
site and during shipment. Sample bottles and blanks must be handled in
the same manner prior to their return to the laboratory.
The only acceptable exception to handling time requirements is when sampling
storm water runoff. The spontaneity of storm conditions precludes any possibility
for preplanning sample bottle shipment. Therefore, due to these obvious
logistical constraints, trip and fi eld blanks are not normally required.
While the exception is understandable, the storage of these sample bottles must be
carefully controlled to ensure the possibility of cross contamination is kept to an
absolute minimum.
b. Maximum Holding Time
The clock governing holding times for samples and blanks analyzed by
CLP methodologies begins when the sample is received in the laboratory
as documented on the laboratory 's chain of custody form verified time of
sample receipt (VTSR). Holding times for individual parameters are
dictated by the specific analytical method being used. The holding time
clock for samples and blanks analyzed by SW-846 or 40 CFR, Parts 136
ad 141 , begins at the time of sample collection.
5.4 Additional QA/QC Samples
Additional parameter blanks will be required for specific "control" samples as identified
in Table 3-1.
5.4.1 Duplicate Samples Obtained in the Field
Collection of duplicate samples provides for the evaluation of the laboratory's
performance by comparing analytical results of two samples from the same
location. Duplicate samples can be included at the discretion of the Contractor or
requested by NCDENR.
1. Aqueous Matrix Duplicates
Duplicates of water samples (process water effluent) should be
obtained by alternately filling sample containers from the same
sampling device for each parameter.
ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants
44
Final March 2000
Final Verification/Confinnation Sampling Plan Warren County PCB Landfill
11. Non-Aqueous Matrix Duplicates
Obtaining duplicate samples in a soil or sediment matrix requires
homogenization of the sample aliquot prior to filling sample
containers. Regardless, volatile organic samples must always be
taken from discrete locations or intervals without compositing or
m1xmg. This practice is necessary to prevent loss of volatile
constituents and to preserve, to the extent practicable, the physical
integrity of the volatile fraction. Homogenization of the sample
for remaining parameters is necessary to generate two equally
representative samples. Note that enough sample must be
collected at one time in order to fill all the necessary sample
containers. It may be necessary to co-locate or depth integrate
collection so enough sample volume is available. Moisture
content, particle size, and adsorption properties of various soils,
sediments and waste materials may inhibit the ability to achieve
complete mixing prior to filling sample containers.
Homogenization will be accomplished by filling a properly
decontaminated stainless steel tray or bowl with the sample and
mixing it with a decontaminated stainless steel or Teflon®
instrument. The extent of mixing required will depend on the
nature of the sample and should be done to achieve a consistent
physical appearance prior to filling sample containers.
Once mixing is completed the sample will be divided in half and
containers will be filled by scooping sample material alternately
from each half.
5.4.2 Splitting Samples with Responsible Parties
It is possible that other interested parties may desire to obtain samples for analysis
which are duplicates of those obtained by NCDENR personnel or the Contractor.
If this becomes necessary, procedures for obtaining duplicate samples described
above will be followed.
In order to maintain the integrity of any sample "split" between interested parties,
the following procedures will be followed:
1. Personnel authorized by NCDENR using approved NCDENR
sampling methods shall be permitted to obtain all sample aliquots.
11. Other interested parties must provide their own sample containers,
blank samples, preservatives, sample shuttles, chain of custody
forms, etc.
ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants
45
Final March 2000
Final Verification/Confirmation Sampling Plan Warren County PCB Landfill
n1. Sampling procedures shall be witnessed by NCDENR personnel to
verify consistent handling and packaging of each set of samples.
1v. Analytical data generated by interested parties which is submitted
for purposes of challenging NCDENR results or for informational
purposes only shall first be subject to standard NCDENR "Quality
Assurance Data and Validation of Analytical Sample Deliverables"
procedures prior to being evaluated and considered for inclusion in
the site evaluation process.
v. Duplicate samples, trip blanks and field blanks must be included as
part of those samples which are split between the two or more
parties involved.
v1. All interested parties desiring to obtain split samples during
planned sampling episodes must provide NCDENR with a
minimum of two weeks notice. This is essential for planning
purposes and to avoid confusion or delays in the field.
5.4.3 Performance Evaluation Samples (PE)
In certain instances when a laboratory's quality assurance performance is in
question, splitting samples may not prove as useful as providing blind
performance evaluation samples to a laboratory since analytical performance and
accuracy differs from laboratory to laboratory. One laboratory cannot be
considered a "referee" whose performance can be considered the standard against
which another's can be measured. Performance evaluation samples provide
information on a laboratory's performance based upon analysis of that sample
which contains parameters of a known and defined concentration. Therefore, at
the discretion of NCDENR, PE samples may be required as a QA/QC check on
laboratory performance for a particular sampling event or site investigation.
Performance Evaluation samples can be employed in two ways. First, the PE
sample can be used to pre-qualify a laboratory. Since the current NCAC
Laboratory Certification procedures apply only to aqueous samples, a soil PE
sample is useful in pre-qualifying a laboratory for soil or sediment evaluation
projects. Second, a PE sample submitted blind with a sample lot to a contract
laboratory is an available method for evaluating the quality of the analytical data.
PE samples consist of pre-measured, pre-determined samples of known origin and
concentration, which are submitted for analysis along with a sample shipment
from the field. The PE samples will be provided by NCDENR and the Contractor
is responsible for their delivery to the laboratory performing the analysis along
with other samples submitted for analysis of a PE sample is then compared to
known concentrations as a measure of laboratory performance. Deviations from
known concentrations may indicate improper calibration or other laboratory error
ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants
46
Final March 2000
Final Verification/Confirmation Sampling Plan Warren County PCB Landfill
that may have influenced the results reported for those samples collected in the
field.
Dioxin PE samples are the most frequently utilized. Others include PCBs, BNAs,
VOAs and Pesticides in soil; Metals in sediment; and EPA prepared PE samples
in an aqueous matrix. The particular concentration and species as well as
assigned code number remain confidential until data is reviewed and validated.
5.4.4 Matrix Spike/Matrix Spike Duplicate Analyses
When performing CLP organic extractable analysis, the laboratory must be
supplied with triple sample volume for each Sample Delivery Group (SDG) in
order to perform matrix spike and matrix spike duplicate analyses. This does not
include field or trip blanks. Blanks do not require separate matrix spike or
duplicate analyses regardless of their matrix.
As stated in the CLP Statement of Work (SOW), the limits on an SDG are:
each case of field samples, or
each 20 field sample within a Case, or
each fourteen calendar day period during which field
samples in a Case are received (said period beginning with the
receipt of the first sample in the SDG), whichever comes first.
5.4.5 Background/(Baseline) Samples
Background samples are used for comparison of site conditions to the surrounding
environment. They should be collected and handled in the same manner as all
other samples. Baseline air samples will be collected prior to site construction
activities.
When dioxin or dioxin/furan sampling is performed, quality control samples may
be required to accompany environmental samples regardless of the laboratory's
status in the Contract Laboratory Program.
5.5 Sample Presenration Requirements
Certain analytical methodologies for specific analytes require chemical additives in order
to stabilize and maintain sample integrity. Generally this is accomplished under two
scenanos:
Preservative may be added to the sample bottles by the laboratory prior to
shipment into the field or,
Preservatives are added in the field immediately after the samples are
collected.
ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants
47
Final March 2000
Final Verification/Confirmation Sampling Plan Warren County PCB Landfill
Many laboratories provide pre-preserved bottles as a matter of convenience and to help
ensure that samples will be preserved immediately upon collection. A problem
associated with this method arises if not enough sample is collected, resulting in too
much preservative in the sample. More commonly encountered problems with this
method include the possibility of insufficient preservative provided to achieve the desired
pH level or the need for additional preservation due to chemical reactions caused by the
addition of sample liquids to pre-preserved bottles. NCDENR approves the use of pre-
preserved bottles. However, field sampling teams must always check the pH level and be
prepared to add additional preservatives to samples if necessary.
When samples are preserved after collection, special care must be taken. The
transportation and handling of concentrated acids into the field requires additional
preparation and adherence to appropriate preservation procedures. All preservation acids
used in the field should be trace metal grade or higher.
The following guidelines are recommended to achieve safe and accurate preservation of
samples in the field.
I. Sampling teams must be properly equipped to conduct preservation of
samples in the field. To accomplish this task the following items are
necessary:
Graduated pipets
Pipet bulbs
Preservatives in glass containers with their content and
concentration clearly labeled
pH paper
Carrying case clearly labeled and constructed of appropriate
material to facilitate safe transportation of preservatives in vehicles
and in the field.
2. Sampling teams must also be properly equipped with appropriate health
and safety equipment. Use of and immediate access to the following items
are strongly recommended.
Protective goggles
Disposal gloves
Lab apron
First aid kit
Portable eye wash station
Containerized tape water for immediate flushing if spillage occurs
onto clothing
3. A level surface area should be designated to conduct preservation
activities. A clean sheet of plastic sheeting should be placed over the area
and secured.
ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants
48
Final March 2000
Final Verification/Confirmation Sampling Plan Warren County PCB Landfill
4. Personnel assigned to conduct preservation activities must be familiar with
specified preservation requirements and verify that the necessary pH level
has been achieved. To accomplish this task, a small amount of the
preserved sample aliquot should be placed into a separate clean beaker or
the container lid. The liquid should then be checked with the pH paper so
as to indicate that the desired pH level has been achieved. Under no
circumstances should the test sample aliquot be returned into the container
retaining the sample for analysis.
Volatile organics being analyzed for 602, 603 , 624 and 1624 ( drinking
water and wastewater analysis) must be preserved with HCI. Preservation
requirements for other individual parameters are referenced in the charts
found in Table 4-2. These charts also indicate any additional preservation
required upon arrival of samples at the laboratory as cited in the specific
methodologies. The source of preservatives is also of concern. They may
be provided in bulk by the laboratory performing the analysis or purchased
from a commercial laboratory supply vendor. All preservative containers
must be labeled with respect to contents, concentration, laboratory grade
and the date of purchase or preparation. Again, under no circumstances
should the test sample aliquot be returned into the container retaining the
sample for analysis.
5. Preservation must take place immediately upon sample collection except
when samples are to be filtered. Samples requiring filtration must be
processed immediately after collection. Filtered samples will then be
preserved immediately following the filtration process.
6. Samples must be placed into a cooler and maintained at 4°C immediately
upon collection and preservation.
ETG Environmental, Inc / BF A Environmental Consultants
49
Final March 2000
APPENDIX A
CONTRACTOR'S LABORATORY
CERTIFICATION AND QA/QC PROTOCOL
(GAS ANALYSES)
APPENDIXB
CONTRACTOR'S LABORATORY
CERTIFICATION AND QA/QC PROTOCOL
(SOLID ANALYSES)
APPENDIXC
CONTRACTOR'S LABORATORY
CERTIFICATION AND QA/QC PROTOCOL
(LIQUID ANALYSES)
APPENDIXD
CONTRACTOR'S LABORATORY
CERTIFICATION AND QA/QC PROTOCOL
(PERSONAL HYGIENE SAMPLES)