NCD980602163_19980301_Warren County PCB Landfill_SERB C_Phase II Preliminary Design Report - PCB Landfill Detoxification-OCR

Phase II -PRELIMINARY DESIGN REPORT
PCB LANDFILL DETOXIFICATION
Warren County, North Carolina
Prepared for
THE JOINT WARREN COUNTY/STATE PCB LANDFILL
WORKING GROUP AND
THE NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT
AND NATURAL RESOURCES
ICF KAISER ENGINEERS, INC.
Gateway View Plaza
1600 W. Carson Street
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219
March,1998
Prepared by
In Association with:
BFA Etivironmental, Inc.
3655 Maguire Blvd. Suite 150
Orlando, FL 32803
. ·' l-:TG ENVIRON¥AENT AL, INC.
16 Hagerty Boulevard .,
We'l{ Chester, Pennsylvanir, 19382
Hirschhorn & Associates, Inc.
2401 Blueridge Ave. Suite 411
Wheaton, MD 20902
Preliminary Design Report -BCD Detoxification Warren County Landfill
Table of Contents
Executive Summary ............................................................................................ i
1.0 Introduction ....................................................................................... 1
1.1 Purpose/Objectives ...................................................................... I
1.2 Scope of Work ............................................................................ 2
2.0 Background ....................................................................................... 4
2.1 Site Description/Background ........................................................... 4
2.2 Geology/Hydrogeology ................................................................. 6
2.3 Selection of the Base Catalyzed Decomposition (BCD) Process .................. 6
2.4 Mapping ................................................................................... I 0
2.5 Topographic Conditions ................................................................ 11
2.6 Regulatory Overview .................................................................... 11
3.0 Detoxification Oveniew ........................................................................ 13
3.1 Technical Approach ..................................................................... 13
3.2 Summary-Phase I Results ............................................................ 15
3.3 Organiz.ational Approach to Detoxification .......................................... 15
4.0 Preliminary Design and Scope of Final Design ............................................ 17
4.1 Purpose .................................................................................... 17
4.2 Site Preparation/Infrastructure/Utilities ............................................... 18
4.2. l Existing Conditions Plan ................................................... 18
4.2.2 Site Preparation Plan ........................................................ 19
4.2.3 Infrastructure/Utilities Plan ................................................ 21
4.3 Mobiliz.ation .............................................................................. 23
4.4 Excavation Plan .......................................................................... 24
4.5 Treatment Plan for PCB Contaminated Soils ........................................ 32
4.5.1 Material Handling and Preparation ....................................... 33
4.5.2 Batch Vacuum System ...................................................... 34
4.5.3 Continuous System .......................................................... 35
4.5.4 Base Catalyzed Decomposition (BCD) Treatment.. .................... 36
4.5.5 Water Treatment ............................................................. 37
4.6 Confirmation/Verification Sampling Plan ............................................ 38
4.7 Stormwater Management. .............................................................. 39
4.8 Site Reclamation, Decontamination, and Demobilization .......................... 42
4.8. l Site Reclamation Plan ...................................................... .42
4.8.2 Decontamination ............................................................. 44
4.8.3 Demobilization ............................................................... 45
4. 9 Security .................................................................................... 46
4.10 Emergency Response Plan ............................................................ 46
4.11 Permitting Plan ......................................................................... 47
•. 4.12 Performance Demonstration Plan .................................................... 48
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4.13 Air Monitoring Plan ................................................................... .49
4.14 Quality Assurance Project Plan ...................................................... 51
4.15 Health and Safety Plan ................................................................ 52
4.16 Construcion Quality Assurance Project Plan ....................................... 52
4.17 Technical Specifications ............................................................... 53
5.0 Community Involvement ....................................................................... 54
5.1 Community Oversight/Funding ........................................................ 54
5.2 Economic Benefits ....................................................................... 55
5.3 Educational Benefits .................................................................... 57
6.0 Cost Estimate ..................................................................................... 58
6.1 Assumptions/Uncertainties ............................................................. 58
6.2 Estimated Costs .......................................................................... 62
6.3 Schedule ................................................................................... 64
Figures
Figure 1 ... Detoxification Equipment Pictures
Figure 2 ... Process Flow Diagrams
Figure 3 ... Project Implementation Chart
7.0 Appendices
A. Drawings
B. Performance Demonstration Plan Outline
C. Air Monitoring Plan Outline
D. Quality Assurance Project Plan Outline
E. Health and Safety Plan Outline
F. Construction Quality Assurance Plan Outline
G. Technical Specifications Outline
H. Emergency Response Plan
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EXCUTIVE SUMMARY
The State of North Carolina owns and maintains a closed landfill containing
Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) and dioxin/furan contaminated materials in Warren
County, NC. The materials in the landfill were generated from cleanup of areas along
state roads where PCB materials were illegally disposed. Due to considerable local
opposition to the construction of the landfill, the residents of Warren County were
assured by the Governor and the state legislature in the early 1980s that the landfill would
be eliminated through detoxification when feasible and effective detoxification
technology became available.
In 1995 the North Carolina General Assembly appropriated one million dollars to
study detoxification feasibility and to investigate the site. After an extensive review of
potential detoxification technologies, the Joint Warren County/State PCB Landfill
Working Group (Working Group) selected Base Catalyzed Decomposition (BCD) and
Gas Phase Chemical Reduction as the technologies for consideration for detoxification of
the PCB Landfill. Actual landfill materials were tested in a Phase I bench scale study
utilizing each of these two technologies.
As a result of these Phase I studies, the Working Group concluded that feasible
and effective detoxification technology is now available and selected BCD as the
preferred technology for detoxification of the PCB Landfill. ETG Environmental, Inc.
(ETG) was subsequently awarded a contract to perform this Phase II preliminary design
of a full-scale BCD detoxification system to remediate the PCB Landfill (ETG performed
the successful Phase I bench scale BCD study). The primary purpose of this report is to
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develop sufficient conceptual design information to allow for preparation of a cost
estimate to form the basis to request funding from the State legislature for final design
and detoxification of the PCB Landfill utilizing the BCD process.
The BCD process utilizes non-incineration chemical reactions to detoxify the
PCBs and dioxins/furans in the contaminated materials. Chlorine atoms are chemically
removed from the PCB and dioxin/furan molecules, and replaced with hydrogen,
rendering them non-hazardous. The resulting non-hazardous oil can be recycled off-site.
Detoxified soils will be replaced on-site, covered and revegetated. The process has been
proven at several full-scale project applications.
The preliminary conceptual design of the full scale detoxification project is
divided into two components. The first component provides written conceptual designs
for site preparation, excavation, treatment, confirmation/verification sampling,
storm water management, security, site reclamation, decontamination, and demobilization.
These aspects of the project have been conceptually designed to provide the basis for a
detailed cost estimate for detoxification. Drawings have been provided to supplement
these conceptual design items.
The second component presents those aspects of the project which will be
completed during the final design portion of the Phase III Design/Build detoxification.
Outlines have been provided to introduce these final design items, as follows: emergency
response plan, permitting plan, performance demonstration plan, air monitoring plan,
quality assurance plan, health and safety plan, construction quality assurance plan, and
technical specifications.
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To assist in the overall project oversight, a Citizens Advisory Board (CAB) would
be established as a committee to the Working Group and would include an independent
science advisor (s). The Design/Build detoxification contractor would include Program
Management, working in conjunction with the state, to ensure that the local community
has a strong role in the detoxification project's implementation. The Design/Build
detoxification contractor would also include a coordinator to ensure maximum economic
benefit to local/minority businesses and the local economy. Direct local economic
impact is estimated in the range of $3-5 million, which includes the hiring of local
individuals and utilization of local businesses for supplies, material, and services to
support the detoxification project.
A detailed cost estimate has been prepared to perform the detoxification project
utilizing the BCD process. A cost of $23,975,000 is presented, which includes a
$2,079,000 contingency to account for the following assumptions, which could change as
the detoxification project progresses:
1. Quantity and characteristics of the material to be treated. 60,000 tons
of material at 10-12% moisture content and average concentration of
500 parts per million (ppm) for PCBs has been assumed.
2. Regulatory uncertainties associated with permit acquisition and final
design activities.
3. Modifications required to the detoxification project as a result of final
design changes that may result from the permit/final design process.
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1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES
The State of North Carolina (State) owns and maintains a closed landfill
containing materials with elevated levels of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) and
dioxins/furans in Warren County, North Carolina. The State established a Joint Warren
County/State PCB Landfill Working Group (Working Group) to evaluate technologies to
be used in detoxifying the contents of the PCB Landfill. The Working Group has
determined that the Base Catalyzed Decomposition Process (BCD) is the preferred
technology for detoxification of the PCB Landfill.
In December, 1997, the North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural
Resources (NCDENR) contracted ETG Environmental, Inc. (ETG) to prepare a
conceptual preliminary design of a full scale detoxification system to remediate the PCB
Lcmdfill. ETG has subcontracted ICF Kaiser Engineers (ICF Kaiser) to perform civil,
geotechnical and environmental engineering services to support the preliminary design.
The BCD Phase I bench/pilot scale test report dated August 1997 has been
prepared by ETG Environmental after testing and detoxifying samples of PCB
contaminated soil from the PCB Landfill utilizing the BCD process. In addition, the PCB
Landfill Site Investigation Report dated September 1997 has been prepared by BF A
Environmental, Inc. and Hirschhorn and Associates, Inc, the independent Science
Advisors for the Working Group.
The purpose of this Phase II Preliminary Design Report is to provide preliminary
information to the Working Group to accomplish the following objectives:
1. Provide pr~liminary descriptions of the steps necessary to implement full scale
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detoxification of the PCB Landfill utilizing the Base Catalyzed Decomposition
(BCD) process.
2. Provide information to allow for preparation of a Request for Proposal (RFP) to
solicit bids for final design and implementation of detoxification of the PCB Landfill
utilizing the BCD process.
3. Provide sufficient infomation to support a cost estimate for implementation of design
and detoxification of the PCB Landfill. This estimate will be required to be presented
to the state legislature for the purpose of obtaining funding for final design and
implementation of the detoxification of the PCB Landfill utilizing the BCD process.
1.2 SCOPE OF WORK
The conceptual preliminary design will address the following areas:
• excavation of the landfill;
• materials handling and preparation;
• mobilization and staging of all equipment to be used at the site;
• design of an on-site performance demonstration test;
• construction/assembly of the full scale detoxification technology equipment;
• full scale detoxification of contaminated materials;
• work area and perimeter air monitoring;
• verification testing and replacement of treated soils at the site;
• stormwater management/sediment containment;
. ,
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• demobilization of all equipment from the site;
• proper testing and disposal of solid and liquid wastes or residues;
• restoration of the site.
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Preliminary Design Report -BCD Detoxification Warren County Landfill
2.0 BACKGROUND
2.1 SITE DESCRIPTION/BACKGROUND
The Warren County PCB Landfill (Site) is located in Warren County, North
Carolina, approximately 50 miles north of Raleigh, North Carolina. The Site includes a
2.54 acre landfill cell (PCB Landfill) that contains soils with elevated levels of PCBs and
dioxins/furans and an 8 acre contiguous clear area surrounding the PCB Landfill. The
contiguous area is defined by a treeline containing a moderately dense population of trees
approximately 30 feet high. A gravel road approximately 3,000 feet long provides access
to the Site from State Route 1604. The Site is situated within a tract of land owned by
the State of North Carolina that covers 19.317 acres; however for the purposes of this
preliminary design, the area of the Site has been established at 10.54 acres.
The PCB Landfill is approximately 250 feet wide (measured in an east to west
direction) and 500 feet long and contains approximately 40,000 cubic yards of soils that
were deposited into the landfill from remediation of roadways throughout the state that
were sprayed with PCB contaminated oils for dust suppression. Approximately ten
percent of the soils originated from the Fort Bragg Military Reservation near Southern
Pines, NC and are assumed to be of a similar nature to the balance of the contaminated
soils. The PCB concentrations in the soil ranged from 259 parts per million (ppm) to a
high of 853 ppm, with an averge concentration of 500 ppm. Dioxin/furan concentrations
ranged from 147 parts per trillion (ppt) toxicity equivalent concentration (TEQ) to 238
ppt, with an average concentration of 200 ppt TEQ. This data has been reported in the
Phase I BCD study previously referenced. The maximum depth of the PCB Landfill at
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Preliminary Design Report -BCD Detoxification · Warren County Landfill
the center is approximately 40 feet, which includes the lower liner and existing cover.
The depth at the perimeter is approximately 20 feet. The existing ground surface of the
,contiguous clear area begins at the same elevation as the perimeter of the PCB Landfill.
In addition to the PCB soils, a relatively small amount of kiln dust (less than 5% of the
total volume) occupy the northeast comer of the PCB Landfill. Approximately one-half
of the PCB Landfill rises above the existing ground surface. The PCB Landfill was
completed in 1983.
The typical cross section of the PCB Landfill (Drawing 70809-PD3) is comprised
of a lower liner and leachate collection systems and a landfill cover surrounding the PCB
contaminated soil. The lower liner system of the PCB Landfill is comprised of four
natural soil.and two geosynthetic layers. They are, from the bottom up:
• natural soils;
• a nine-inch thick sand layer for leachate detection;
• a 30 mil thick (0.0030-inch) PVC Geomembrane;
• a twelve-inch thick general fill layer;
• a sixty-inch thick clay layer of 10·7 cm/sec permeability;
• a nine-inch thick sand layer for leachate collection;
• a geosynthetic filter fabric.
The 1983. closure of the PCB Landfill consisted of the construction of one
geosynthetic and four natural soil layers over the contaminated soil. They are, from the
top down:
• a twetve-inch thick topsoil layer;
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• a twelve-inch thick general fill layer;
• a 10 mil thick PVC geomembrane;
• a 24-inch thick clay layer of 10·7 cm/sec permeability;
• a twelve-inch thick general fill layer.
2.2 GEOLOGY/HYDROGEOLOGY
The site setting, hydrogeology and regional geology summary is contained in the
Site Investigation Report, section 4-1, dated September 1997. This report was prepared
by BF A Environmental, Inc, and Hirschhorn and Associates, Inc, the Science Advisors
for the Working Group.
2.3 SELECTION OF THE BASE CATALYZED DECOMPOSITION (BCD)
PROCESS
The selection of BCD began with an evaluation by the Science Advisors working
for the Joint Warren County-State PCB Landfill Working Group (on which some state
officials serve) that first screened numerous potential detoxification technologies,
following certain guidelines set by the group. Two technologies for the Phase I testing
activity were selected. The following explanation was incorporated into the RFP for the
Phase I/II project:
"A detailed technology screening, evaluation, assessment and comparative
analysis has been performed for the Warren County PCB Landfill. All but two
treatment technologies were screened out. Only Base Catalyzed Decomposition . ,
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Preliminary Design Report -BCD Detoxification Warren County Landfill
(BCD) and Gas Phase Chemical Reduction technology were found to be
appropriate and potentially feasible.
The original use of the term detoxification technology by the State of
North Carolina implies that technologies that are considered cleanup or remedial
technologies but that do not by themselves detoxify PCB's are not appropriate for
the Warren County situation. Potential feasibility has had to be demonstrated
through prior successful full scale use of a technology for PCB detoxification
work.
All forms of containment technology such as caps and subsurface barrier
walls have been ruled out as being inappropriate.
All forms of stabilization/solidification have been eliminated as
inappropriate, because they have not been thoroughly proven to actually and
permanently destroy PCB molecules, rendering them permanently nontoxic.
Any use of high temperature incineration has been ruled out as being
inappropriate because of its potential for causing harmful toxic air emissions and
its long history of being deemed unacceptable by communities, especially when
used in locations close to residential areas.
All forms of separation technologies that do not actually detoxify through
treatment have been ruled out. These include, for example, therm~l desorption,
solvent extraction, soil washing, and soil vapor extraction.
All forms of biotreatment or bioremediation have been screened out on the
basis of insufficient proven effectiveness. For many years various forms of
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Preliminary Design Report -BCD Detoxification Warren County Landfill
biotreatment have been pursued for PCB cleanups. The conclusion has been
reached that biotreatment is not yet proven effective and reliable enough for full
scale use either as an in situ or ex situ technology, in aerobic or anaerobic form or
some combination of them, for the Warren County application.
In situ vitrification has been screened out because of insufficient full scale
application. This technology has been under extensive development for many
years, chiefly within the DOE system. While some people have viewed this
technology as a variant of incineration, chiefly because it employs very high
temperatures, it usually is considered -as a unique technology. Buried wastes can
be heated to melt all materials and form a vitreous or glassy material. The process
thermally destroys organic contaminants and an extensive off gas, air pollution
control control system is used. Interestingly, in October 1995 EPA granted
Geosafe a National TSCA Operating Permit for the nationwide treatment of PCBs
within a large number of prescribed circumstances, including maximum average
concentrations of 14,700 ppm and maximum hot spot concentrations of 17,860
ppm. The company obtained this regulatory permit on the basis of a site
demonstration that achieved various performance criteria, including six nines
destruction and removal efficiency and less than 2 ppm PCBs in vitrified product.
No detectable dioxin/furans were found in offgases. But the demonstration was
not on in situ wastes similar to the Warren County situation. This technology must
be considered detoxification, and it offers the comparative advantage of being
intrinsically applicable for in situ treatment, avoiding the need for excavation of
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Preliminary Design Report -BCD Detoxification Warren County Landfill
materials. In theory, the technology could be applied directly to the Warren
County Landfill, perhaps without dewatering the site although the site's location
would pose significant problem for using the extensive equipment. The
conclusion has been reached that this technology is not acceptable or feasible for
the Warren County application, and that it could not be suitably evaluated through
bench-scale testing.
Because the objective is to select a detoxification technology that has
already been proven effective for PCB detoxification through full scale,
commercial use, and that will be demonstrated effective for full scale application
at the Warren County PCB Landfill on the basis of bench-scale testing of site
contaminated soils, no technology that has not yet been fully deployed in a full
scale detoxification of PCB wastes will be considered appropriate and potentially
effective for this application. No technology that exists only as a research or
developmental technology is deemed appropriate and potentially feasible for this
application and, therefore, for bench-scale testing."
Two technologies were chosen to receive Phase I contracts to perform bench/pilot
scale testing of contaminated soil from the Warren County Landfill. Those technologies
were Gas Phase Chemical Reduction and Base Catalyzed Decomposition (BCD). After a
detailed evaluation of the results, BCD was selected as the preferred technology, with
ETG receiving the contract to perform this Phase II preliminary design report.
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Preliminary Design Report -BCD Detoxification Warren County Landfill
2.4 MAPPING
Mapping provided by NCDENR has been used to prepare the preliminary design
and provide the basis for the development of the various plan drawings referenced in
Section 4.0 -Design. Two existing maps were used to develop the overall site plan map.
The first map, prepared by Aiken and Yelle Associates, Raleigh, North Carolina,
shows the as-built final contours of the PCB Landfill. The limits of this map extend
approximately 30 feet beyond the location of the existing PCB Landfill perimeter fence,
but includes the boundaries of the sediment pond located at the north end of the site. The
\
map was developed using ground survey techniques and a grid ( or coordinate squares)
layout methodology and has a contour interval of one foot.
The second map, prepared by Sverdrup and Parcel in December 1980, presents
the preconstruction contours of the area currently occupied by the PCB Landfill and the
surrounding contiguous clear area. The limits of this map extend approximately 250 feet
beyond the approximate location of the PCB Landfill. The map was developed using
ground survey techniques and has a contour interval of two feet. The treeline that
defines the limits of the contiguous clear area, as discussed above, is not indicated on this
map.
To create an existing conditions map for use in the preliminary design phase, the
contours from the Sverdrup and Parcel map were electronically digitized and overlayed
onto the as-built PCB Landfill mapping. Conflicts or improprieties in the contour layout
were then resolved by visually connecting or adjusting the location of equal elevation
contours to create a topographic map suitable for the preliminary design phase. This
..
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Preliminary Design Report -BCD Detoxification Warren County Landfill
existing conditions map is presented on Drawing 70809-PD0.
The horizontal control for the preliminary design was taken from two
. benchmarks, the locations of which are indicated on Drawing 70809-PD0. The treeline
· defining the limits of the contiguous clear area surrounding the PCB Landfill will be
confirmed using aerial photography and current site reconnaissance information. The
existing conditions map is suitable for preliminary design, however, it is recommended
that current mapping using aerial photographic techniques be obtained for final design.
2.5 TOPOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS
The topography of the Site is flat to gently sloping. Site ground cover consists
almost entirely of grass, with a few scattered trees with trunks three inches in diameter or
less. The elevation of the PCB Landfill varies from a low of 334 feet at the existing
perimeter fenceline to a high of 353 feet at the center of the PCB Landfill. The
contiguous clear area surrounding the PCB Landfill, where construction of the Support
Area will occur varies from a low of 320 to 325 feet at the treeline on the north, south and
west sides to a high of 340 feet at the treeline on the east side.
2.6 REGULATORY OVERVEIW
The Warren County Landfill is a closed TSCA landfill. The Governor and the
state legislature are committed to detoxification of the landfill and the joint Warren
County -State PCB Landfill Working Group, on which some state officials serve, has
selected the BCD technology. The detoxification of the landfill represents a voluntary
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closure of this facility. Treatment standards for residual concentrations of contaminants
remaining in the soil above which treatment is necessary were determined by the
Working Group. However, it is recognized that these standards are more stringent than
that typically utilized by USEP A or DENR for PCB cleanups, but they represent the
desire of the Working Group to obtain a stringent cleanup that is highly protective of
public health. The standards for soil are as follows:
a) PCB's -200 parts per billion (ppb)
-1
b) dioxins/furans -200 parts per trillion (ppt) Toxicity Equivalent
Concentration (TEQ)
Treatment standards for concentrations of contaminants in the air as measured
during excavation and processing at the property line are as follows:
a) PCB' s -8 x 10-4 micrograms per cubic meter
b) dioxins -5x10"8 micrograms per cubic meter (TEQ)
Note: An approved EPA methodology (ie. screen 3 or equivalent) will be utilized
for modeling of air discharges.
After detoxification, no ongoing operations and maintenace of the facility is
anticipated. Deed restrictions governing future land use of the property will be required.
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location of the existing PCB Landfill, sediment pond, entrance road, and other existing
structures. It was developed using the procedures identified in Section 2.4 of this
Preliminary Design Report.
4.2.2 Site Preparation Plan
The Site Preparation Plan is shown on Drawing 70809-PDI and presents the
layout of the Treatment Area, containing all of the appurtenances associated with the
BCD treatment plant, the general facilities and the soil staging areas. A flat area
approximately one-half acre in size is required to facilitate construction of the BCD
treatment plant, which is constructed on a reinforced concrete slab with perimeter berms
and drainage sumps. This area is the focal point of the Treatment Area. An area on the
west side of the PCB Landfill has been selected for construction of the BCD treatment
plant for the following reasons:
• Approximately one-half of the area is clear of trees and grass covered, thereby
requiring minimal grading to establish required topography;
• The area is near an existing sediment pond that will be used to control stormwater
and clean runoff during PCB Landfill excavation and backfilling operations. The
pond will be lined prior to commencement of detoxification operations.
• The location allows for the movement of vehicular traffic along the longitudinal
sides (east and west) of the PCB Landfill. This aspect of the design will facilitate
movement of hauling equipment along the entire length of the PCB Landfill
during excavation.
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Adjacent to the BCD treatment plant area, a general facilities area has been
designed to contain the appurtenances associated with the day-to-day operations of the
treatment system. These appurtenances include the job site trailers, the decontamination
.areas, a tank area for the BCD Process System fuel supply and scales, if needed.
In addition to the treatment plant and facilities areas, three soil staging areas have
been developed. A contaminated soil holding area has been designed for the staging of
soils removed during the excavation of the PCB Landfill, which is the second design
component. A detailed discussion of the operations plan for excavation of the PCB
Landfill is presented in section 4.4 ofthis report. The contaminated soil holding area
(10,000 SQ. ft.) is located on the west side of the PCB Landfill, south of the BCD
treatment plant area, as illustrated on Drawing 70809-PDI. This location near the
longitudinal center of the PCB Landfill reduces the travel distance between the
excavation, and soil staging area. It is anticipated that most of the soils designated for the
holding area will be excavated when work production is at or near optimum. This would
occur as the excavation reaches the center of the PCB Landfill. This holding area will be
constructed with perimeter containment berms and be lined with a geomembrane, and
will be under roof.
A clean soil staging area is located on the west and north sides of the Site, north
of the BCD treatment area. The clean soil staging area will be utilized to stockpile
treated soil discharged from the BCD treatment process in daily piles approximately 100
to 200 cubic yards in size. These piles will be maintained until acceptable analytical
results for samples of treated soil have been received and a sufficient volume of soil is
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Preliminary Design Report -BCD Detoxification -Warren County Landfill
present to commence backfilling operations. This location of both soil staging areas\ is
clear of trees, is currently grassed, and will require minimal grading to meet required
design contours.
An oversize material stockpile area is located on the west side of the Site, south of
the BCD treatment plant area. This area will be used to stage and decontaminate
oversized materials as further described in section 4.4 of this report. Details of the various
components of soil staging are presented on Drawing 70809-PD3.
4.2.3 Infrastructure/Utilities Plan
The infrastructure/utilities plan is shown on Drawing 70809-PDI and presents
the layout of the roadways, underground utilities and surface/subsurface drainage
schemes associated with the appurtenances presented in the Site Preparation Plan and the
PCB Landfill Excavation Plan. As seen on the plan, the majority of the infrastruct\lfe
improvements occur on the western side of the PCB Landfill. This is due to the fact that
the main entrance to the Site, the junction/utility pole for electrical service and the
connection for water are located on the western side of the PCB Landfill, at the south
corner. This location permits infrastructure improvements to be installed between the
main entrance and the treatment plant area, with minimal obstructions. Electrical and
perimeter surface drainage utilities are located on the most western side of the site, away
from construction activities.
_/
· Several roadways have been constructed to access various areas of the Site. An
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The following components are identified and outlines are presented in this report.
These components will be finalized in the final design (Phase Ill):
I. Emergency Response Plan
2. Permitting Plan
3. Performance Demonstration Plan
4. Air Monitoring Plan '• >
5. Quality Assurance Project Plan
6. Health and Safety Plan
7. Construction Quality Assurance Plan
8. Technical Specifications
The following drawings have been prepared in conjuction with the preliminary
design component presented in this report:
• Existing Conditions Plan (Drawing No. 70809 -PD0)
• Infrastructure/Utilities Plan (Drawing No. 70809-PDI)
• Excavation Plan (Drawing No. 70809 -PD2)
• Sections (Drawing No. 70809 -PD3)
• Reclamation Plan (Drawing No. 70809-PD4)
4.2 SITE PREP ARA TI ON/INFRASTRUCTURE/UTILITIES
4.2.1 Existing Conditions Plan
The Existing Conditions Plan is shown on Drawing 70809-PD0 and indicates the
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moisture content will result in reduced production while lower moisture content will
allow faster production. The batch operation and equipment design provide system
flexibility to allow treatment of contaminated materials with higher moisture content and
· contaminant concentration. This will be accomplished due to the ability to vary key
operating variables including batch time, temperature and vacuum.
During heating and agitation, a vacuum pump provides a nominal 150 -
200 SCFM of vapor flow at 25"-27" Hg vacuum allowing the system to operate under an
inert condition.
Vapors in the off-gas will be condensed and recovered by the scrubber(s)/
condenser(s) in the Vapor Recovery System (VRS -the scrubbers/condensers generally
operate between 120 -160°F). The condensed contaminants and water from the vapors
are collected in receiving tanks, while the remaining gases travel through the condensing
unit(s) and vacuum pump into a final chilled water condenser. A flameless thermal
oxidizer unit operating at 1600°F is added for the final vapor polishing. The flameless
thermal oxidizer virtually eliminates non-condensables and residual organic
contaminants, and acts only as a polisher prior to final discharge of air to the atmosphere.
4.5.3 Continuous System
The continuous system is designed such that material is processed continuously
through the indirectly heated rotary desorber. The unit's internal mechanisms provide
mixing and transport the waste through the desorption chamber. Heat transfer is enhanced
by a large heat transfer surface area to allow rapid heating of the soil for optimum
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contaminant removal. The desorber is contained within an outer insulated heating
chamber where fuel burners (using No. 2 oil, propane or natural gas) supply the indirect
heat. Again, there is no contact between the heat source and the contaminated material.
Exhaust gas (which again does not contact the waste) from the fuel burner is discharged
from the top of the insulated heating chamber. Throughput is higher than the batch
vacuum unit and depends on waste characteristic variations including moisture content
and contaminant concentration. The waste can be heated up to 1100° F.
Vapors in the off-gas will be removed from the desorber unit by an inert sweep
gas and sent to the extensive VRS for treatment including condensation and particulate
removal, and to condense contaminants and moisture from the vapor stream. Recovered
liquid remains in tanks for recycling back to the condensers through a heat exchanger
cooling system. A condensate bleed stream will be removed for treatment and product
recovery/recycling. The vapors will continue into a flameless thermal oxidizer unit
operating l 600°F for final vapor polishing. The flameless oxidizer virtually eliminates
non-condensables and residual organic contaminants, and acts only as a polisher prior to
final discharge of air to the atmosphere.
4.5.4 Base Catalyzed Decomposition (BCD) Treatment
The thermal desorption systems previously described are utilized in conjunction
with the Base Catalyzed Decomposition (BCD) chemical decholorination process to
chemically detoxify PCBs, and dioxins/furans. Initially, BCD reagents are added to the
contaminated soil in a pug mill mixer. The conditioned soil is then fed into the batch
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vacuum and continuous desorber vessels, initiating partial solid phase BCD destruction of
contaminants, and physically separating the detoxified contaminants from the
contaminated material (soil). The solid phase BCD reagents added to the desorbers result _
in reduction of the concentration of contaminants in the treated waste, as well as
reduction in the amount of liquid organics requiring liquid phase BCD treatment.
Condensed chlorinated organics are sent to a liquid tank reactor (L TR) for liquid phase
BCD treatment, where addition of a hydrogen donor, sodium hydroxide (NaOH) or
potassium hydroxide (KOH) and a proprietary catalyst result in replacement of the
chlorine atom with hydrogen (chemical detoxification/destruction) at temperatures in the
600°F -650°F range. This dechlorinated oil (which is generally non-hazardous)
can be recycled/reused off-site as a RCRA permitted fuel supplement in an industrial
boiler such as a cement kiln.
4.5.5 Water Treatment
Conventional, commercially available systems would be utilized for condensate
treatment at the Warren County Landfill. The system will include oil/water/solids
separation, sand filtration, and UV oxidation to destroy any organics (including PCBs and
dioxins/furans ), and final carbon polishing. Any recovered organic condensate would be
sent to the liquid phase BCD system. Treated, clean water would be recycled on-site to
cool and hydrate the treated soil from the solid phase BCD process. The solids removed
from the water treatment system will be sent to the solid phase BCD system for
treatment.
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access roadway running in a north and south direction between the PCB Landfill
excavation and the treatment area is located adjacent to the west perimeter of the PCB
Landfill. Excavation and delivering of soil to the contaminated soil staging areas will be
designed to allow for operation of this road as clean, as described in the excavation plan.
This road will be monitored for potential contamination, because vehicles utilizing the
road will be hauling soil from the PCB Landfill to the treatment area. A contaminated
soil holding area will be located adjacent to the access road, where contaminated soil can
be staged for eventual treatment.
The access road will have berms constructed on each side. The east berm
(nearest the PCB Landfill) will intercept stormwater runoff ( considered clean) from the
undisturbed portions of the PCB Landfill prior to reaching the contaminated road and
direct it offsite. The west berm will collect construction runoff from the access road
surface and direct it to collection sumps. A detailed discussion of stormwater
management is provided in section 4.7 of this report.
A clean access road for returning treated soil back to the landfill will be located
on the north side of the landfill and near the east perimeter of the Landfill. This road will
be dedicated to clean vehicles. The exact location will be determined after initial
excavation of the Landfill commences. This road will allow trucks hauling treated soil
from the treated soil staging area back to the landfill. Treated so,il will be backfilled
beginning at the north end of the landfill.
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4.3 MOBILIZATION
Mobilization of equipment to implement the design will be performed by the
contractor. The contractor will mobilize labor, equipment and materials required to
\_
construct the site preparation facilities as described in section 4.2 of this report, excavate
the contents of the PCB Landfill, perform on-site transportation, and backfill treated
soils. The Contactor will also mobilize labor, equipment and materials to operate and
maintain the BCD Process system. The mobilization of this equipment will occur after
construction of the treatment plant area and related appurtenances is completed. As
discussed above, the BCD Process requires a one-half acre area to facilitate set-up.
Training of the locally hired workforce will be conducted during this phase. Section 5.2
discusses in greater detail the total workforce and those positions which will involve local
hiring.
After the construction of the site preparation facilities is completed, the
Contractor will mobilize equipment and personnel to begin excavation of the landfill
contents.
-.
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4.4 EXCAVATIONPLAN
A typical excavation section for the PCB Landfill is presented on Drawing 70809-
PD2 and presents the anticipated construction scenario for removing the contaminated
soils located within the PCB Landfill and backfilling the treated soils. The proposed
section specifies for excavation to commence at the north end of the Landfill and proceed
in a southern direction across the entire 250 feet width (east to west) of the Landfill. This
excavation sequence is recommended for the following reasons:
• The existing sediment pond at the north end of the Site can be utilized to control
surface water runoff from the PCB Landfill. (The pond will be lined prior to
utilization). By initiating excavation activities at the north end, treated soil can be
backfilled there first. This allows surface water runoff from the north end to be
considered as 'clean runoff, whereby it will be permitted to flow into the
sediment basin for holding for use in the BCD treatment process, or for dust
suppression as needed.
• Excavation work can be maintained in proximity with the treatment plant area ( at
the north end) until the daily routine cons~ction procedures and responsibilities
have been established.
• As excavation activities reach peak production and it becomes necessary to stage
screened soil at the contaminated soil holding area, trucks hauling contaminated
soil will not have to backtrack between the excavation point and the treatment
plant area. It is anticipated that peak excavation production will occur as the
center of the PCB Landfill is reached, which corresponds to the approximate
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location of the holding area.
• Treated soil is backfilled first at the north end of the Landfill. This allows haul
trucks placing the treated soil to travel between the treatment area and the landfill
over the surface of the landfill. Since backfilling and compaction operations
require a larger area to perform than excavation, this allows haul trucks the
flexibility to access a larger area to spot their loads and deposit them. This in tum
allows spreading equipment to expend less energy to spread a series of piles
placed at strategic locations rather than from a stockpile. Compaction is
performed immediately after, making the entire backfill process timely and cost
effective.
Typical excavation activities at the PCB Landfill will begin with the removal of a
portion of the existing natural soil cover (Please refer to Drawing 70809 -PD3,
Sections). A total of 48 inches of material will be initially removed, a 12-inch layer of
topsoil, a 12-inch layer of fill, a 10 mil geomembrane and a 24-inch thick clay layer. The
12-inch thick topsoil layer, the 12-inch thick fill and the 24-inch thick clay layer will be
stripped and the materials will be individually stockpiled on the south and/or east side of
the PCB Landfill. Based on the drawings developed by Sverdrup and Parcel, the
estimated volume of the topsoil layer and fill layer is 4,500 cubic yards each and the
estimated volume of the clay layer is 9,000 cubic yards. Stripping of these two layers,
which are to be considered clean, reduces the volume of soil that is to be treated using the
BCD Process. It also generates material that will be used to construct the final cover
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Preliminary Design Report -BCD Detoxification Warren County Landfill
placed over the treated soils. A 12-inch grading layer beneath the 24-inch clay layer will
be left in place, acting as a temporary barrier to reduce exposure of the PCB soils to the
environment until excavation is performed. Stripping of these two layers will occur a
distance of 50 feet in advance of the limits of the excavation, across the entire 250 feet
width of the PCB Landfill. Stripping should occur at the center of the landfill (in an
east-west direction) and proceed to the perimeter. This promotes a maximum area of the
existing PCB Landfill ground surface to remain undisturbed until designated for
excavation. This undisturbed area plays a significant role in the handling of stormwater
runoff, as discussed later.
A 12-inch thick general fill layer, located between the topsoil and clay layers and
a IO mil thick PVC geomembrane, located above the clay layer, will also be removed.
The PVC geomembrane, covering approximately 122,000 square feet, will be disposed at
a permitted municipal solid waste landfill. Characterization testing will be performed on
the geomembrane to confirm that there is no contamination present. The general fill layer
can be stockpiled for general use purposes on-site.
After the existing cover of the PCB Landfill is removed, excavation of the PCB
soils will commence. Excavation will occur from the adjusted existing ground surface of
the PCB Landfill (the top of the grading layer) to the bottom of the landfill, including
some or all of the clay lower liner, if deemed necessary by verification sampling. A
discussion of the confirmation and verification process is presented in section 4.6 of this
report. Side slopes of the excavation will be maintained at 1.5 horizontal to 1.0 vertical
(I .SH: IV) for stability purposes and to meet applicable OSHA requirements .
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Excavated material will be hauled to the treatment area using the designated
access road located on the western side of the PCB Landfill. After soil is treated using
the BCD Process, it is temporarily stockpiled at a clean soil staging area. After a
sufficient volume of soil has been stockpiled and confirmed clean, it is loaded in clean
haul trucks, hauled back to the area of the landfill where excavation has already occurred
and deposited in an area confirmed clean by confirmation sampling. The treated soil will
be placed in horizontal loose lifts, across the entire 250 feet width of the landfill. The
moisture content of the backfilled soil will be maintained at optimum or wet of optimum
to achieve maximum compaction. If water is needed to achieve optimum moisture, it will
be obtained from the sediment pond. As the height of the backfill increases from the
bottom of the landfill, an outside exposed slope of 1.5H: IV will be maintained.
In conjunction with the excavation of soils from the PCB Landfill, a screening
process will remove all stone and general debris larger than two inches in any direction
from the PCB soils. The screening process will occur in the contaminated soil staging
area. The screening is a required pretreatment for the BCD Process. Contaminated
material larger than two inches will be moved to an oversize ~aterial stockpile area. In
this area, the material will be decontaminated using high pressure, low volume power
washing or an equivalent acceptable technique until the material is accepted as clean.
The material is then staged at a treated stockpile area as clean or hauled to the treated soil
stockpile area at the north end of the Site. Liquids generated during decontamination will
be handled as discussed in Section 4.8.2.
The treatment rate for soil, estimated at 6.0 tons per hour using the BCD process
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(4.0 to 4.5 cubic yards per hour) is expected to be much less than the excavation and
screening rate. Front end loaders and hydraulic excavators with 1.5 cubic yard bucket
capacities can excavate at an optimum efficiency (and economic) rate of75 cubic yards
per hour. Therefore, a contaminated soil holding area has be.en developed. This area of
approximately 10,000 square feet could contain approximately 2,500 cubic yards of
contaminated soil. Stockpiling contaminated soil requires less equipment to be operated
full time, requires less labor to operate equipment, and requires less time monitoring
health and safety during excavation. The contaminated soil holding area will be covered
with a shed roof, to minimize the amount of moisture in the soil. Contaminated soil can
be treated with the BCD process more efficiently and at a faster rate when moisture is
kept at a minimum. A perimeter soil berm and a geomembrane will maintain horizontal
and vertical containment of the contaminated soil.
A conceptual sequence of operations for excavation, treatment and backfilling
consists of the following:
• A front end loader or hydraulic excavator strips the topsoil, general fill and clay
layers of the existing PCB Landfill cover. The area stripped is kept to a minimum.
The stripped material is loaded into a dedicated clean truck. The truck exits the
PCB Landfill to the east and proceeds to the designated stockpile areas.
• The PVC geomembrane is removed, cut into managable pieces and placed in a
dumpster for eventual disposal at a solid waste landfill.
• A hydraulic excavator, dedicated to contaminated soil operations, excavates the
PCB soils and loads the material into dedicated hauling trucks. This excavator is
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Preliminary Design Report -BCD Detoxification Warren County Landfill
located on clean areas whenever possible to minimize contamination. The trucks
exit the PCB Landfill to the west and use the haul road to access the staging area
at the west side of the Site. The material is dumped into the contaminated soil
staging area. The contaminated soil is screened to remove materials greater than
two inches in diameter or length. Oversize material is taken to the oversize
material area and handled as previously discussed.
• The trucks continue to haul material to the contaminated soil holding area. This
area will be designed such that the truck tires do not become contaminated. When
the contaminated soil holding area is at capacity, the hydraulic excavator and
trucks are temporarily taken out of service. A front end loader or backhoe feeds
soil from the contaminated soil holding area to the BCD material preparation area,
located within the contaminated soil staging area, for addition of solid phase BCD
reagents. At the appropriate time, the hydraulic excavator and trucks are brought
back into service, and excavation operations continue. Excavation proceeds in a
north to south direction.
• PCB soil is excavated to the bottom of the landfill. The nine-inch thick sand layer
and the top six-inches of the clay layer in the bottom liner system will be
considered as contaminated and removed. Confirmational sampling is then
performed on the ground surface of the remaining clay layer to determine if all
contaminated soil has been removed. This will be accomplished by comparing
the analytical results with the cleanup standard. Analytical results above the
cleanup level will result in the additional excavation of six-inches of clay.
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Confirmational sampling will be reperformed and will continue until the sampling
results are below the treatment level.
• When confinnational sampling results meet cleanup levels, a verification sample
will be taken to quantitatively document the concentration. Excavation will then
proceed to the south.
• At the treatment area, soil is treated and discharged to a clean soil stockpile area
utilizing hauling equipment or a radial stacker. Seperate stockpiles with volumes
between I 00 and 200 cubic yards will be created, based on the daily output of the
BCD Process. These separate stockpiles will be sampled and tested to verify
compliance with treatment perfonnance standards. If treated material does not
meet perfonnance standards, retreatment will be required. The stockpiles will be
covered and remain undisturbed until acceptable analytical results are received.
• A front end loader or backhoe loads a dedicated clean truck with treated soil
certified clean by analytical testing. The truck hauls the soil into an area of the
landfill previously excavated and certified clean by verification sampling. After
sufficient loads are dumped, the treated material is spread and compacted.
• A total of approximately 60,000 tons has been estimated to require treatment,
calculated as follows:
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Preliminary Design Report -BCD Detoxification
37,000 Cubic yards -Contaminated soil
2,250 Cubic yards -Fill
3,208 Cubic yards -Sand
1,300 Cubic yards -Clay
Warren County Landfill
43,758 Cubic yards x 1.35• ton/cubic yard= 59,073 tons -or 60,000 tons
* 1 .35 ton/cubic yards= 2700 lbs/cubic yard which represents an average density of the
materials to be treated.
It will be necessary to delay initial treated soil backfilling operations until
excavation activities proceed far enough in a southern direction to create some horizontal
distance between the placement of clean treated soil in the landfill and PCB soils yet to
be excavated. This distance will allow verification sampling to be performed at the
bottom of the excavation and a reasonabl_e amount of lag time for the laboratories
performing the verification sampling at the bottom of the excavation to complete the
analytical results. It will also provide space to construct the stormwater management
facilities within the excavation, as discussed in Section 4.7 of this report. The proposed
distance to be maintained between the toe of the contaminated excavation and the toe of
the clean backfill is 50 feet.
It will be necessary to exercise caution during the initial disturbance of the PCB
soils, since stormwater measures will have yet to be implemented and excavation of
sufficient size and depth will have yet to be created. Weather suitable for excavating
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Preliminary Design Report -BCD Detoxification Warren County Landfill
should be anticipated for an adequate time period after initial excavating begins.
Several monitoring wells that exist within the limits of the PCB Landfill will need
to be removed. Removal will be performed in accordance with applicable North
Carolina state regulations. It is not anticipated that the monitoring wells removed will
need to be replaced. The detoxification of the landfill contents should eliminate the
requirements currently established for groundwater monitoring.
During all excavation and backfilling operations, the generation of dust will be
kept to a minimum, and sedimentation will be controlled through the use of silt fence or
other approved methods. The minimization of dust will be accomplished through the use
of frequent waterings of exposed slopes, access roads or disturbed areas that lack
vegetation. Water for use in dust suppression will be obtained from the sediment pond.
If the physical properties of the PCB soil does not permit effective dust suppression by
watering, more stringent dust control measures, such as chemicals may be required.
Sedimentation will also be controlled through the use of silt fence, or other approved
methods. The dust suppression methods will be enforced to protect the local environment
and community. An air monitoring plan will also be implemented to support the dust
control measures. A discussion of air monitoring is presented in Section 4.13 of this
report.
4.5 TREATMENT PLAN FOR PCB CONTAMINATED SOILS
The BCD treatment system mobilized for detoxification of PCB contaminated
soils at Warren County will have the flexibility to process materials with varying degrees ..
ETG Environmental, Inc./lCF Kaiser 32 March 1998
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Preliminary Design Report -BCD Detoxification Warren County Landfill
'
of contamination and moisture content. The system will provide chemical destruction of
the contaminants of concern (PCBs, dioxins) in both the solid and liquid phases of the
process. The BCD treatment system will consist of the following systems of equipment:
1. Batch vacuum thermal desorption solid phase BCD reaction vessel to detoxify
high moisture and/or highly concentrated contaminated soil. Off-gas treatment
will consist of particulate removal, condensing and flameless thermal oxidation of
air prior to discharge.
2. Continuous thermal desorption solid phase BCD vessel with off-gas treatment
consisting of particulate removal, condensing and flameless thermal oxidation of
air prior to discharge.
3. Liquid phase BCD to detoxify condensed organic contamination generated from
the off-gas systems of the solid phase BCD reaction vessels.
4. Water treatment to destroy residual organic contamination remaining in the
aqueous phase of the condensate from the solid phase BCD reaction vessels.
These systems, including material handling and preparation, are described in detail in the
following sections:
4.5.1 Material Handling and Preparation
Based on results from the Phase I report, dewatering of contaminated soils at
Warren County will not be required for full scale detoxification of the landfill.
Excavation and removal procedures as described in section 4.4 of this report would be
required and a screening system will be utilized to remove any debris (rocks, tree stumps,
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Preliminary Design Report -BCD Detoxification Warren County Landfill
etc.) over 2" in particle size. The resulting screened material would then be proces.sed in
the solid phase BCD System. The oversized materials are handled as previously
described in section 4.4 of this report.
4.5.2 Batch Vacuum System
The batch vacuum thermal desorption technology is an in-direct heated system
which operates under a high vacuum (25"-27" Hg) and temperatures up to 1000°F to
effectively desorb organic compounds from soils, sludges, and sediments. The system
contains internal heating and agitation, operates in a batch mode, and will handle a wide
range of materials (moisture and contamination) for effective detoxification.
The feed material is processed on a batch basis by the indirectly heated rotary
vacuum desorber. The complete mixing action afforded by the rotary vacuum desorber's
internal mixing flights and internal central heating mixing tubes constantly agitate and
break-up the soil particles, this exposing the particles to the heat source. Heat transfer is
enhanced by a large heat surface area to allow rapid heating of the soil for optimum
contaminant removal. The desorber is contained within an outer insulated heating
chamber, where fuel burners (using No. 2 oil, propane, or natural gas) supply the
indirect heat. There is no contact between the heat source and the contaminated material.
Exhaust gas from the fuel burner (which also does not contact the waste) is discharged
from the top of the insulated heating chamber.
The desorber is capable of heating the waste up to 1000°F. The throughput rate
depends upon waste moisture content, contaminants and treatment standards. Higher
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Preliminary Design Report -BCD Detoxification Warren County Landfill
3.0 DETOXIFICATION OVERVIEW
During evaluation of potential detoxification technologies, the primary objective was
to utilize a process or processes that actually destroyed PCBs and dioxins/furans in a non-
incineration manner. The BCD process utilizes chemical destruction to achieve this
objective.
The BCD process is a chemical reaction that destroys PCBs and dioxins/furans by
removing the chlorine atom from the chlorinated compound and replacing it with
hydrogen, thus rendering the molecule to a non-hazardous compound which can be
recycled off-site. The process is conducted in both the solid phase and liquid phase.
The BCD process was invented by the USEPA's National Risk Management
Research Laboratory (NRMRL) and has been further developed by ETG, working in
collaboration with USEPA and other institutional and industrial providers of hazardous
waste treatment services. ETG has performed full scale remediation of high hazard
chlorinated contaminants utilizing the BCD technology.
3.1. Technical Approach
ETG utilizes indirect heat thermal desorptions systems with off-gas condensing as the
solid phase BCD reaction vessels. Solid phase BCD reagents (typically a sodium based
non-hazardous compound such as baking soda/sodium bicarbonate -NaHCO3) are
premixed with the contaminated soil and heated to medium temperature (up to 1000°F) to
initially detoxify and physically separate the PCBs from the soil. Partial chemical
destruction (up to 95%) of the PCBs could occur in the solid phase BCD reaction vessel.
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The remaining erganic materials are then removed from the reaction vessel in the vapor
phase, where they are condensed into the liquid phase in the vapor recovery system
(YRS).
The condensed liquids are then processed and sent to the BCD Liquid Tanlc Reactor
(LTR), where complete chemical destruction of the remaining organics occurs. Liquid
phase BCD employs a sodium/potassium based reagent, catalysts and a hydrogen donor
to replace the chlorine atom with hydrogen, resulting in the formation of a non-
chlorinated, non-hazardous molecule plus sodium/potassium chloride. (Sodium Chloride
is table salt). The overall liquid process is represented as follows:
Acceptor -Cl + Na OH+ Donor -H ➔ Cata1ysts Donor +
(KOH) 600-650°F
Acceptor - H + NaCl + H20
(KCl)
(Acceptor-Cl represents PCBs and polychlorinated dioxins/furans)
Please note that all reaction products are non-hazardous. Pictures of the
equipment to be.utilized for solid and liquid phase BCD are included (Figure 1) for
review. A process flow diagram (Figure 2) is also provided for review.
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Preliminary Design Report -BCD Detoxification Warren County Landfill
3.2 Summary -Phase I Results
BCD has been proven to be effective for providing complete detoxification of
PCB and dioxin/furan contaminated soils. The phase ·I study illustrated this fact. Actual
soil from Warren County was treated from up to 850 ppm PCBs in the contaminated soil
to less than 3 ppb (part-per-billion) in the treated soil. Dioxins were reduced to less than 3
part per trillion (ppt) Toxicity Equivalent Concentration (TEQ) in the treated soil from up
to 250 ppt TEQ. Air standards (section 2.6) during the Phase I treatment were met, and in
some cases were several orders of magnitude lower than the standard.
ETG has utilized BCD for several commercial, full-scale remediation projects.
Thus, BCD meets the Working Group's criteria and represents a proven remedy for
detoxification ofthe PCB Landfill.
3.3 Organizational Approach to Detoxification
It is anticipated that the detoxification project (Phase Ill) would be executed
utilizing a Design/Build format. There are several different components to the
detoxification project, and the Design/Build contractor could potentially use team
subcontractors to perform any or all of these separate compo~ents, as follows:
1. System Design
2. Permit Procurement
3. BCD Process Equipment Mobilization
4. Site Preparation
5. BCD Process Construction
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Preliminary Design Report -BCD Detoxification
6. System Performance Demonstration/Start-up
7. Excavation and Treatment
8. Backfill
9. Decontamination
10. Demobilization
11. Site Reclamation
12. Program Management
13. Local/Minority Business Coordination
An implementation chart is included as Figure 3.
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Warren County Landfill
March 1998
Preliminary Design Report -BCD Detoxification Warren County Landfill
4.0 PRELIMINARY DESIGN AND SCOPE OF FINAL DESIGN
4.1. Purpose
The preliminary design phase II report design section can be seperated into two
components. The purpose of the first component is to provide written preliminary design
information necessary to generate a basis for estimating costs associated with the
detoxification of the landfill utilizing the BCD Process. The second component is
identification of those plans that will be prepared during the final design (phase III) of the
project. The preparation of preliminary design information in this report includes
drawings and design descriptions and procedures that present the conceptual layout of the
necessary equipment, facilities and appurtenances required to implement the remediation
of the PCB Landfill using the BCD Process.
The following preliminary design components have been provided:
1. Site Preparation/Infrastructure/Utilities
2. Mobilization of the BCD Equipment
3. Excavation
4. Treatment Plan
5. Confirmation/Verification Samples
6. Stormwater Management
7. Site Reclamation, Decontamination and Demobilization
8. Security
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Preliminary Design Report -BCD Detoxification Warren County Landfill
4.6 CONFIRMATIONNERIFICATION SAMPLING PLAN
A confirmation/verification sampling program will be developed to provide the
approach, cleanup level and sampling frequency during excavation activities associated
with the PCB Landfill. The sampling will be conducted when excavation reaches the
clay base layer to determine if these soils bordering the PCB soils ( on the sideslopes or
on the bottom) contain concentrations of PCBs above cleanup levels. The cleanup level
for PCBs will be 200 ppb, and the cleanup level for dioxins will be 200 ppt dioxin TEQ.
Air emission standards will be as presented in Section 2.6.
Confirmation sampling that will be conducted will utilize field test kits to provide
qualitative information on the concentrations of PCBs in the materials that are being
tested. Verification samplil}g will involve sampling of the material to be tested to
quantitatively verify by laboratory analysis (including Quality Assurance/Quality
Control) that PCBs and dioxins/furans are not present in the materials that were tested.
The confirmation sampling portion of the program will guide the limits of
excavation, specifically as the excavation proceeds through the clay base layer. This
sampling will provide qualitative information on the concentrations of PCBs and other
contaminants of concern within the clay layer and will also provide a blueprint for the
performance of verification sampling. It is anticipated that confirmation sampling will be
conducted on a 50 feet by 50 feet grid pattern established over the delineated limits of the
PCB Landfill.
A confirmation sampling result over the specified cleanup level will result in the
excavation of an additional 6-inch depth of clay before confirmation sampling is
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Preliminary Design Report -BCD Detoxification Warren County Landfill
performed again. This depth can be adjusted in the field if conditions change or
excavation or sampling trends develop. The limits of excavation will extend to adjacent
confirmed clean sampling locations.
The verification sampling will document that cleanup levels on treated soil have
been achieved by providing quantitative values. It is anticipated that sampling of treated
soil will be conducted on stockpiles of approximately 300 tons. Initially, analysis will be
conducted for both PCBs and dioxins/furans to establish conformance with the site
treatment standards. After the first two weeks of successful operation, stockpile analysis
will be conducted only on PCBs. On an ongoing basis, once every two weeks, composite
samples of stockpiles will be homogenized and tested for dioxin TEQ. Once analytical
results are available for PCBs and material meets the applicable standards, the treated
stockpile will be relocated to the landfill area. The location of excavation verification
sampling points will be based part on confirmation sampling locations and part on
applicable state or federal guidance documents for verification and/or sampling rationale.
4.7 STORMWATERMANAGEMENT
As the excavation commences, 1it will be necessary to control stormwater runoff
during precipitation events. Precipitation runoff is separated into two categories.
Stormwater runoff is defined as water that lands on undisturbed areas of the Site, on soils
that have been treated and certified clean or on excavated material that has been certified
as clean by verification sampling. Construction runoff is defined as water that lands on
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the exposed face of the contaminated soils being excavated from the PCB Landfill, or on
excavated soils that have not yet been certified clean by verification sampling, or on the
contaminated soil haul road.
Stonnwater and construction runoff will be managed within the limits of
excavation in a manner that differs with management outside the limits of excavation.
Stonnwater runoff outside the limits of excavation will either be diverted to the existing
sediment pond or directed off-site. Stonnwater runoff will be directed off-site if existing
conditions at the Site have not been disturbed. This condition will exist on areas of the
PCB Landfill south of the limits of excavation. Areas north of the excavation that have
been backfilled with soils treated will have stonnwater directed to the sediment pond.
Undisturbed areas outside the limits of the PCB Landfill will utilize existing drainage
paths to control stonnwater runoff.
Runoff from the construction access road on the west side of the PCB Landfill
will be monitored. It is anticipated that this road will remain clean, but the potential exists
for this water to be classified as construction runoff. Therefore, this runoff will be
directed using access road benns and positive drainage to two sumps located on the west
side of the access road. Runoff accumulating in these sumps will be pumped to
wastewater treatment. Water certified as clean can be pumped to the sediment pond at the
north end of the Site and used for general needs.
Within the excavation, stonnwater runoff and construction runoff will be present.
Stonnwater runoff will run off the exposed face of the treated soils and on the bottom of
the excavation confinned clean by confinnation sampling. · Construction runoff will run
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off the exposed slope of the PCB soils being excavated from the PCB Landfill and on the
bottom of the excavation not subjected to confirmation sampling. During excavation, it
is proposed that these waters will be maintained separate by utilizing a natural soil berm
or a synthetic tube filled with water or soil. The scenario is presented on Figure 70809-
PD2. The synthetic tube is suggested because it can be easily relocated as the excavation
progresses to the south. The soil berm will need to be reconstructed each time it is
moved. The height of the tube or berm will be designed to contain the volume of water
associated with a 25 year-24 hour storm event. The selection of this storm event is based
on information contained in the North Carolina Solid Waste regulations. Stormwater
runoff will be pumped to the sediment basin at the north end of the Site. Construction
runoff will be pumped to the BCD Process wastewater treatment plant as discussed
above. Because storm water runoff and construction runoff will be pumped, a pump will
be dedicated to each condition.
It is anticipated that the volume of construction runoff will not be great because
the largest contaminated area that rainfall can be exposed to is approximately 25,000
square feet along the exposed PCB Landfill excavation (0.0009 total square miles). A
percentage of the rainfall within the limits of excavation may infiltrate into the
contaminated soil, soil that may be dry of optimum moisture because it had been
previously capped. This is especially true for the soils just beneath the cover of the PCB
Landfill. This-water will adsorb into the dry soil and be excavated for treatment. If it is
necessary to further reduce the volume of construction runoff, certain remedial measures
can be implemented. These may consist of interim covering of slopes with plastic
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sheeting or tarps, or other methods developed by the contractor. Based on the anticipated
rate of excavation as discussed above, tarping may be implemented for extended periods
of time, thereby reducing the area of contaminated soil exposed to precipitation.
Stormwater on the undisturbed surface of the contaminated PCB Landfill, south
of the excavation is not included in this design. The existing clean soil cover of the PCB
Landfill and the slopes of the cover allow stormwater to be directed away from the
excavation. Similarly, the slope of the clean backfill has been designed to nearly match
the previous slope of the landfill; therefore the stormwater from this area is directed to
the east and west and to the sediment pond.
4.8 SITE RECLAMATION, DECONTAMINATION, AND DEMOBILIZATION
4.8.1 Site Reclamation Plan
The reclamation plan for the PCB Landfill is presented on Drawing 70809-PD4
and presents the proposed topography for the ground surface of the final cover that is to
be constructed over the treated backfill soils placed in the landfill and the topography for
the regrading of the treatment area, the contaminated soil holding area and the general
staging area.
The reclamation plan for the landfill area reflects as nearly as possible the
drainage conditions that existed prior to excavation. A ridge has been designed in a
north-south direction and a 5% slope provides positive drainage from the ridge to the east
and west perimeters of the landfill. On the north and south sides of the landfill, ·a 5%
slope was constructed to meet each end of the ridge. A 25% slope will be used near the
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perimeter of the landfill to meet existing grades and to account for an increase in the
volume of treated soil backfilled versus the volume of soil excavated. Geotechnical
information for the contaminated soil indicate that the soil contains a 30% fraction of
coarse grained material. A potential exists for the soil to swell by as much as 20% from
excavation to placement in trucks. Conversely, compaction of the treated soil into the
landfill can reduce soil volume by only 10%. The final design of the PCB Landfill
(including final cover) will incorporate these geotechnical features to establish the final
site contours.
A final cover will be constructed over the soils treated with the BCD process to
reduce surface water infiltration into the landfill. The 24 inches of clay that was removed
prior to excavation will be replaced as a cap over the detoxified soil. This reduces the
potential for liquids to infiltrate and accumulate at the bottom of the landfill, an
occurrence commonly referred to as the 'bathtub effect'. During final design, a plan will
be developed to puncture the lower landfill liner after contaminated soils have been
removed and the lower clay liner is verified as clean. This will eliminate the possibility of
the 'bathtub effect'. The 24 inches of fill and topsoil removed prior to excavation will be
replaced on top of the clay to support vegetative growth.
The type of final cover selected was based on information contained in the Solid
Waste Management regulations of the North Carolina Department of Environment,
Health and Natural Re.sources. Section 1627 of Subchapter 13B proposes a final cover
consisting of 18-inches of soil material with a permeability of 1.0 x 10 -s cm/sec or the
permeability of the lower liner, whichever is less, covered by 6-inches of earthen material
..
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capable of sustaining vegetative growth. The material for constructing this cover is
obtained from the,soil materials stripped from the PCB Landfill prior to contaminated
soil excavation. The final cover as proposed meets these regulations. Geotechnical
testing will be performed on the clay and topsoil to verify compliance with the
permeability and vegetative requirements stated in the regulations. The minimum and
maximum slopes proposed above were also obtained from these regulations.
The regrading of the treatment area, the contaminated soil holding area and the
general staging area will be minimal, because they were designed with a small slope to
promote positive drainage and reduce the effects associated with ponding. The existing
pads and structures can be decontaminated and left for future use.
4.8.2 Decontamination
The approximate location of the decontamination area is shown on Drawing
70809-PD 1. This area will be used for the decontamination of large construction
equipment used in the excavation and transportation of the PCB Landfill contents. As
needed, portable decontamination areas will be constructed at specified locations to
handle personnel and sampling equipment.
In the decontamination process, solid and liquid residuals will be generated. Solid
residuals will consist of soils scraped or brushed off equipment. These solids will be
accumulated in a temporary storage container until a manageable volume has been
collected. The volume will then be consolidated with excavated material from the PCB
Landfill and treated using the BCD Process. Rinsewater generated during the
..
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decontamination of construction equipment, sampling equipment and personnel will be
collected within decontamination containment areas, and treated in the water treatment
system.
The water treatment system described in Section 4.5.5 will be utilized primarily
for condensate from the BCD process. It will be designed to be capable of treating some
decontamination water and stormwater. It is anticipated that filtration and carbon will be
sufficient to treat contaminated stormwater and decontaminated water, as this water
should not be difficult to treat (PCBs and dioxins do not have a high solubility). Spent
contaminated carbon can be treated in the BCD process. Contaminated materials from
this treatment will be sent to the solid phase BCD system.
4.8.3 Demobilization
After remediation has been completed, the construction contractor will demobilize
all equipment and work forces. In conjunction with demobilization, the construction
contractor will conduct clean-up activtties and repair damage that may have occurred
during construction. Cleanup will consist of the removal from the site of all unused
construction materials, trash and decontamination debris. The Site should be left in an
aesthetically pleasing condition, similar to pre-remediation condition. Damage to the site
incurred as a result of construction activities will be identified by authorized personnel
and repaired at this time.
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4.9 SECURITY
It will be necessary for the construction contractor to provide security measures
during construction and operational activities. Security will be provided 24 hours per day,
7 days per week during construction and operation. These measures will consist of
supplying a security officer to control unauthorized vehicular access during non-daylight
hours and to police the site for unauthorized pedestrian access from any of the site
perimeter. Access gates will also be constructed to reduce all vehicular access to the site,
unless authorized. A clean site road will be constructed to provide emergency access to
the support area as shown on drawing 70809-PDI.
4.10 EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN
An emergency response plan will be prepared to set forth procedures, practices
and tiers of communication to be followed in the event of an emergency type of release or
spill and/or an emergency type of episode, such as fire, explosion, personnel exposure,
etc.
An outline for this plan has been provided as Appendix H. The plan will be
developed during the final design prior to implementation of detoxification activities.
The plan will provide emergency contact lists for communication channels in the
event of an emergency or spill. The plan will outline recommended training and
notification of local rescue/medical personnel. Excavation of on-site personnel and the
surrounding community will be described. The contaminants of concern at the site and
their possible health impacts will be described. A description of the available on site
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emergency control equipment will also be described.
4.11 PERMITTING PLAN
The permitting plan will explain the permitting and notification requirements for
Site activities. During the Preliminary Design, several tasks were identified that may
require the acquisition of a permit, or the procurement of a license or certification to
implement the procedure or action. The Contractor will be responsible for obtaining the
necessary documents for construction of the facilities to support the BCD Process System
operations, excavation/backfill activities and installation and operation of the BCD
Process System. A preliminary list of the permits, licenses or certifications is presented
below. Additional information may be obtained from the NCDENR Environmental
Permit Information Center (919-733-1398). The agencies responsible for issuing these
permits will be identified during the final design phase.
Permit, License or Certification
Earth Disturbance Permit
Erosion and Sediment Control Permit
Utility Location Plan
Spill Contingency Plan
Excavation and Grading Permit
TSCA Operations Permit (BCD)
Transportation Permit
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Certification Report (Documentation to NCDENR to prove successful
detoxification of the PCB Landfill was performed and completed.)
Stormwater Management/Discharge Permit
Air Permit
4.12 Permformance Demonstration Plan
During the final design and prior to construction, a performance demonstration
plan will be prepared, reviewed and finalized by the Contractor, appropriate regulatory
agencies, and the Working Group. The purpose of the performance demonstration plan is
to provide data to validate required operating permits prior to full-scale operations, as
well as to establish operating parameters which will be monitored during full scale
operations.
A conceptual outline for this plan is presented in Appendix B to this report. A
section will include the numerous permits that were procured for the detoxification and
how the test will verify that those permit conditions were met prior to full scale operation.
A detailed equipment description will be provided (including drawings) to indicate where
process measurements will be taken to verify compliance with operating conditions and
verify safety to the community. The organization at the site will be described to provide
the names of the individuals responsible for conducting and monitoring the performance
test. The characteristics of the waste to be treated will be summarized for the
contaminants of concern. Procedures for collection and storage of wastewater ( and
stormwater) will be provided. Locations for monitoring of process variables during the
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performance test will be provided. The stack gas monitoring during the test will be
described. A section will describe in detail the BCD operating conditions that will be
monitored and documented to establish the conditions that will be monitored to ensure
efficient, effective operation of the system components. A section will describe how the
BCD operating conditions will be established and recorded such that effective operation
of the BCD system is ensured. The schedule of the Performance test will be defined in a
section. There will be a summary of how the performance test results will be recorded
and reported. A section will describe how operations will be conducted after the
performance test has been completed. A section will describe full scale operational
procedures, and routine inspection and maintenance procedures that will be performed
during operations. Appendices to the test plan could include correspondence, design
. criteria, performance standards, air modeling information, background information,
permit information, testing methodology, etc. As can be seen, the plan will be
comprehensive and will ensure that all necessary steps are taken to ensure a safe
operation which is protective of workers and the surrounding community and its
environment.
4.13 AIR MONITORING PLAN
To monitor the potential migration of air emissions from the PCB Landfill during
on-site activities, and to protect on-site personnel and the surrounding community, an air
monitoring plan will be prepared. This plan discusses proposed activities, procedures and
equipment to be used and data to be collected to fulfill this task. Development of this
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plan will be coordinated with the information contained within the Health and Safety
Plan to ensure that all health and safety concerns are addressed. It is anticipated that three
types of air monitoring may be implemented during activities that involve intrusive work.
A brief discussion of each type is provided below.
Treatment System Air Monitoring: Air emissions monitoring will be performed during
on-site operation of the BCD Process system. This monitoring will be conducted in
accordance with the units operating permit and will be coordinated with personnel air
monitoring activities and real time perimeter air monitoring activities (if required).
On-Site Personnel Monitoring: Real time monitoring for organic vapors (including
PCBs )/and or dusts will be conducted continuously during the performance of activities
involving intrusive work, such as excavating. The frequency of monitoring, the
equipment used, the monitoring procedures and ancillary tasks ( calibration, equipment
operation, data collection and validation, personnel protection) will be provided in this
plan or the Health and Safety Plan.
Perimeter Monitoring: Perimeter monitoring at the site boundary will be performed on a
routine basis to monitor for the potential migration of dust (particulate matter or PM 2.5)
and PCBs. The final air monitoring plan will be developed during the final design,
however, it is anticipated that samples will be routinely and systematically taken during
the day shift when excavation is being conducted and analyzed. On-site personnel
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monitoring will also indicate if a potential concern exists with air quality that can not be
mitigated by engineering controls such as dust suppression or operating procedures.
The perimeter air monitoring plan will utilize information obtained from specified
perimeter monitoring locations. The locations of the perimeter air monitoring devices
will be based on current and historical local climatological data, consisting of wind speed
and direction, frequency and current atmospheric conditions. The locations will be
selected using a wind rose so that data is collected from at least two prevailing upwind
and prevailing downwind points, regardless of wind direction. This monitoring rationale
will allow a determination to be made as to whether emissions are originating from an
off-site area or from on-site intrusive activities. Appropriate instrumentation will be
incorporated to obtain the necessary data. Qualitative and quantitative data will be
collected to evaluate the quality of air in and around the vicinity of the work.
A preliminary table of contents for the air monitoring plan is contained in Appendix C.
4.14 QUALITY ASSURANCE PROJECT PLAN
In conjunction with the development of the Final Design, a Quality Assurance
Project Plan (QAPP) will be developed. The site-specific QAPP will identify the quality
of data required according to end use, define the field sampling and analytical methods
required to achieve the data quality objectives, identify procedures to control data quality,
and identify procedures to document the achievement of data quality objectives. The
QAPP prepared for field activities will be based on standard operating procedures for
environmental sampling and QA/QC plans of the selected laboratory. These will be
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augmented and modified based on USEP A Region IV requirements. The QAPP will
present the policies, organization, objectives, functional activities, and specific QA/QC
plan activities designed to achieve the data quality goals of the remedial action
investigation and data collection efforts. The plan will include the numbers and types of
QA samples utilized in the field and by the laboratory to assure that the data meet the
established objectives. Specific requirements for field and laboratory equipment
maintenance and calibration will be addressed. The QAPP will present procedures for
sample management and documentation from field collection, shipment, analysis,
reporting of results, and residual sample storage to final disposal. Field sampler
decontamination procedures, and requirements for handling and disposal of wastes
generated as a result of the site activities will also be identified.
4.15 HEAL TH AND SAFETY PLAN
A site-specific Health and Safety Plan (HASP) will be developed and will include
a detailed review and assessment of site data collected to date and will focus on the level
of personnel protection actually required for ongoing operations. The HASP will be used
for all field activities. It establishes action levels that provide realistic levels of
protection based on changing site conditions and different activities being performed.
4.16 CONSTRUCTION QUALITY ASSURANCE PLAN
Quality Assurance requirements for performance of construction and during
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implementation of the BCD Process will be established in the Construction Quality
Assurance Plan (CQAP). Regarding construction activities, the CQAP contains
procedures for developing data and for reporting data that will be representative of the
work performed at the Site. It will also establish procedures to confirm that construction
quality meets technical design specifications. The CQAP will discuss minimum treatment
standards, as established by the state of North Carolina, and installation and operations
requirements. A preliminary Table of Contents of the CQAP is contained in Appendix F.
4.17 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Technical Specifications will be developed to provide specific infomation on
material and procedures to be used during construction. A table of contents for Technical
Specifications is contained in Appendix G.
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5.0 COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT
5.1 COMMUNITY OVERSIGHT/FUNDING
While the primary goal of the project is the safe detoxification of the PCB
Landfill utilizing the BCD process, maximum community involvement at all project
levels is critical to the actual and perceived success of implementation of the
detoxification project. The Joint State PCB Landfill Working Group has forged a new
direction for collaborative efforts in an Environmental Justice community. Therefore,·a
secondary goal of the project is to ensure full and effective community involvement that
serves environmental justice, protection of public health, and economic recovery from
years of negative impacts of the landfill on the local community.
A Citizens Advisory Board (CAB), as a committee to the Working Group, would
be established to accomplish this secondary goal. The CAB would be supported by an
independent science advisor(s) to assist in understanding the complex technical issues
regarding detoxification of the landfill. The Public Information Officer (PIO) of the
NCDENR Division of Waste Management would work closely with the Design/Build
Contractor's Program Management, Public Relations, and QNQC personnel to ensure
effective communication to the CAB.
The CAB would be expected to maintain an information repository open to the
public, conduct regular meetings, offer community open houses, publish a regular
newsletter, be fully accountable for use of state funds, and work with local public and
private organizations to optimize the economic benefits to the local comm~ty.
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In addition to monitoring the technical aspects of the project, the CAB could also
serve to monitor the possible utilization of local/minority residents and businesses at the
PCB Landfill. The numbers of people needed and qualifications are discussed more fully
in Section 5.2. The Design Build Contractor could utilize a designated coordinator to
ensure maximum local/minority economic impact through subcontracting.
The relatively small funding amount required for this CAB could be added to the
overall detoxification costs requested of the state legislature as outlined in Section 6.0.
5.2 ECONOMIC BENEFITS
It is currently anticipated that the detoxification of the PCB Landfill will have a
significant positive economic impact to the community. The benefits will be both short
term and long term in nature. The short term benefit will represent employment
opportunities which will exist for a one to two year duration as final design and
construction activities commence. Also, utilization of local businesses for supplies,
materials and services for the project is also a short term benefit. The long term benefits
include the ability of now trained, experienced laborers and mechanics to gain
meaningful employment in the environmental services industry.
The estimated size of the construction force required for full scale detoxification
will be in excess of 35 individuals. At least 25 of these individuals will be hired locally.
The positions to be filled include the following:
1) Operatcrs -At least 19 operators will be required for the project. All training
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will be provided by the contractor and is included in the project costs. A high
school education is necessary, mechanical aptitude and experience with
process/material handling equipment in a factory or farming setting is required.
2) Mechanics - 3 mechanics will be hired locally to repair and maintain equipment
as necessary. Training will be provided by the contractor. Strong mechanical
aptitude and appropriate experience with process/material handling equipment is
required.
3) Electrician -one electrician will be required.
4) Clerk -One office administrative assistant will be required.
Anticipated hourly wages would be $12-14/hour for operators, $15-20/hour for
mechanics/electricians and $10-13/hour for the office staff.
In addition to the labor needs, significant economic benefits would be available to
local businesses for supplies, material and services required for detoxification. The
following items are anticipated to be required:
• Fuel oil or gas
• Electrical supplies
• Electrical construction
• Mechanical construction
• Safety equipment and gear
• Heavy equipment
• Monitoring equipment
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• Food services
• Security
• Fencing
• Electricity
• Sanitary supplies
• Tools
• Chemical reagents
• Housing and temporary living
These services and supplies could easily provide approximately $3 million into
the local economy during the construction phase of the project. With the benefits of local
hiring, approximately $5 million of economic benefit could be achieved, and these levels
could prove to be conservative.
5.3 EDUCATIONAL BENEFITS
The detoxification of the PCB Landfill would provide an ideal opportunity to
provide environmental education for the Warren County and other regional school
systems. The Design/Build contractor, in conjunction with the State PIO and CAB, could
provide on-site seminars to local schools to discuss the project. In addition, data from the
design and operations of the detoxification can be made available for science related
research projects.
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6.0 COST ESTIMATE
6.1 ASSUMPTIONS/UNCERTAINTIES
The cost estimate has been prepared based upon the design documents and
drawings contained in this report. At this phase of the project, contingencies to this cost
estimate are required due to the following items: 1) regulatory/permitting
uncertainties/delays, 2) modifications required for the detoxification project based on
final design changes, and 3) variations in contaminated material quantities or physical/
chemical characteristics. Due to these uncertainties, a 10% contingency has been
assumed and added to the cost estimate as illustrated in section 6.2.
The following assumptions have been made to develop the cost estimate for this
preliminary design phase:
1. 60,000 tons of material to be processed. The contract issued for design/detoxification
should have provisions for additions/deletions based upon actual quantities processed.
Average moisture content of 10-12% has been assumed. Average concentrations of
500 parts per million (ppm) for PCBs has been assumed. Additional volumes of
material to be treated would cost approximately $250/ton.
2. Project schedule as attached in section 6-3. Thirty-nine (39) weeks have been allowed
for permitting and planning/final design activities. Significant uncertainties exist in
the numbers of permits required and the time required to obtain these permits. Also,
uncertainties exist regarding approvals of plans required during final design and pre-
construct1<:>n activities. These uncertainties could impact schedule and costs. Delays in
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approving the results of the performance plan to allow for full scale operations could
also affect the schedule.
3. Inclement weather or other force majeure conditions could affect the project schedule
and impact costs.
4. A complete scope of work has been assumed including the following components:
a) Design including permitting and plan submittal. Includes TSCA
permit application and all plan preparation as described in this
report.
b) Mobilization including:
• Labor
• Transporting BCD equipment to the site
• Training
• Physicals
c) Site Preparation/set-up including:
• Labor
• Crane Rentals
• Pad and Structure Installation
• Electrical Connections
• Water Distribution
• Fencing
• Decon Pad Installation
• · • Office Trailers
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• Stockpile Areas Construction
• Road Construction
• Safety Gear
d) Start-up including:
• Labor
• Fuel Oil ($0.80/Gal)
• Electricity ($.06/Kwhr)
• Heavy equipment
• Performance Test Including Stack
Monitoring and Analysis
• Maintenance of Equipment
• Safety Gear
e) Detoxification of 60,000 tons of material, including:
• Labor
• Fuel Oil
• Electricity
• Water
• BCD Equipment
• Reagent Silo/mixing System
• BCD Reagents
• Safety gear
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• Confirmation/Verification Analysis
• Maintenance of Equipment
• Water Treatment Equipment (lamps and carbon)
• Perimeter Air Monitoring
• Strip Topsoil Cap
• Strip Day Cap
• Excavate PCB Soils
• Backfill Treated Soil
• Install Landfill Cover
• Seeding/Revegetation
f) Decontamination and Dismantling including:
• Labor
• Electrical Disconnect
• Water Piping Disconnect
• Crane Rental
• Safety Gear
g) Demobilization including:
• Labor
• Transporting BCD Equipment from Site
• Physicals
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5. A major uncertainty in all cleanups of toxic waste sites is the exact amount of
material to be treated. In this case, it is clear that all buried materials inside the
landfill will be treated. However, it is not entirely clear whether there may be
materials outside the landfill with sufficiently high concentrations of PCBs and
perhaps dioxins/furans to warrant cleanup (i.e., above the cleanup standards). Some
limited evidence of contamination outside the landfill was found in the site
investigation during the initial part of the design phase of the detoxification project.
An additional investigation including testing of subsurface soils and groundwater
relatively close to the landfill, sufficient to support decisions on excavation
boundaries (if any) outside the landfill, will be performed. An estimated cost of
$100,000 for this activity is included in the total estimated project cost.
6. $200,000 in costs have been estimated for funding for the Working Group, the PCB
office, the Citizens Advisory Board (CAB), and Science Advisors.
6.2 ESTIMATED COSTS
The estimated costs to perform the scope of work as described in Section 5-1 are
broken down into phases.
They are as follows:
• Final design including permit
preparation and plan submittal ..
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Estimated Costs
$539,000.00
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• Working Group, PCB office, CAB,
Science Advisors
• Supplemental Site Investigation
• Mobilization
• Site Preparation/Set-up
• Start-up/Performance
Demonstration Test
• Excavation
• Soil/Water Treatment
• Analytical (Performance test,
soil, water, air monitoring)
• Backfill
• Reclamation
• Decon, Dismantle, Demob
ESTIMATED COSTS
CONTINGENCY
TOT AL ESTIMATED COSTS
ETG Environmental, lnc./ICF Kaiser 63
Warren County Landfill
$200,000.00
$100,000.00
$435,800.00
$2,614,400.00
$487,300.00
$798,100.00
$13 ,457,600.00
$1,167,000.00
$930,000.00
$74,000.00
$1,092,800.00
$21,796,000.00
$2,079,000.00
$23,975,000.00
March 1998
WARREN COUNTY PCB LANDFILL WARRENTON, NC. SECTION 6.3 PROPOSED PROJECT SCHEDULE PLAN SUBMLT / PERMIT PROCUREMENT (39 weeks) MOBILIZATION/ SITE PREP/ EQUIPMENT SET-UP (14 weeks) START-UP/ PERF DEMONSTRATION (4 weeks) PROCESSING (60 weeks) DECON/DISMANTLE/DEMOBE (8 weeks) 1998 I 1999 I 2000 M J JASON DJ FM AM J JASON DJ FM AM J JASON DIJ H l-----1 64
Figure 1
Detoxification Equipment Pictures
BCD -Chemical Dehalogenation • Destroys Recalcitrant Contaminants: -PCBs -Dioxins I Furans -Pesticides • Licensed from EPA-RREL • Coupled to ETG's ., Therm-O-Detox-System ,'i. ~ i,. ~-.g:~; -~-1"''!:'"'r'· •. ~.-;.~ ':/l• • ·· ::,:. +-~~-. ,,_ --..-. -··-·-········-······-·· ---···--....... ..................... .. -···········--·--··-,~,n,,,m,.\1>:ttllP.il."5,.Ht>J;lA."7l:tll'1'.,1~!!''.'•:l'~ ~ a u Environment.I, Inc.
Figure 2
Process Flow Diagrams
SC~EENEO CONTAMINATED ' MATERIALS • PARTICULATE REMOVAL VAPOR DISCHARGES FEED y , :,oNVEYoR INDIRECT I I I I I I I 4 I I HEAT I I I I I I SOURCE MEDIUM TEMPERATURE THERMAL DESORPTION (MTTD) • SOILS WILL BE PREMIXED WITH SOLID PHASE BCD REAGENTS. DAAWH BY: !MR ~TE: J/20/98 RNSION f 0 C:\DWG\ETC:\CONTINUOUS.DWG WATER SUPel._Y ■,', ',', •,•,•· TO MTTD UNIT OR COOLING UNIT COOLING UNIT DECONTAMINATED SOIL WET SCRUBBING/QUENCHING CONDENSING SYSTEM TO WATER TREATMENT, LIQUID PHASE BCD AND PRODUCT RECOVERY TO ATMOSPHERE FLAMELESS WET ESP THERMAL OXIDIZER CONDENSER/ESP WATER SUPPLY HEAT EXCHANGER COOLING TOWER RECYCLE PUMP PRELIMINARY Jll!!IP~ ETG ENVIRONMENTAL, INC. afii •.. 16 Hagerty Blvd., West Chester PA 19382•[phone] PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM -CONTINUOUS THERM-O-DETOX SYSTEM WITH BCD {DECHLORINATION)
I 1 ' • SCREENED CONTAMINATED MATERIALS • PARTICULATE REMOVAL VAPOR DISCHARGES FEED y I !~ONVEYOR INDIRECT I I I I I I I 4 I I HEAT I I I I I I SOURCE MEDIUM TEMPERATURE THERMAL DESORPTION (MTTD) • SOILS WILL BE PREMIXED WITH SOLID PHASE BCD REAGENTS. DRAWN BY:~ ~1[: J/20/98 R£'o'ISION , 0 C:\DWG\ETG' .BATCH.DWG TO MTTD UNIT OR COOLING UNIT ., ', ', ·. ·. ·. '• COOLING Ul!IT DECONTAMINATED SOIL WET SCRUBBING/ QUENCHING CONDENSING SYSTEM WATER SUPPLY TO ATMOSPHERE VACUUM PUMP CHILLER/ CONDENSER TO WATER TREATMENT, LIQUID PHASE BCD AND PRODUCT RECOVERY FLAMELESS THERMAL OXIDIZER PRELIMINARY 11!!!9'~ ETG ENVIRONMENTAL, INC. .... "11 16 Hag<lrty Blvd., West Chester PA 19382•[phone] PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM -BATCH VACUUM THERM-O-DETOX SYSTEM WITH BCD {DECHLORINATION)
Figure 3
Project Implementation Chart
1 I Figure 3 GENERAL PROJECT IMPLENTATION CHART QA/QC/ ·Data Compilation Program Management Public Relations Design DENR Design/Build Contractor Technology Construction Working Group and Science Advisors Local/Minority Business Utilization
Appendix A
DRAWINGS
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~----ll(C(f,lnc>t 12·,~~ u·ru 2•·a.n 12· nu SOllSWlfM(l[Vit.l(O l('-1:LS Of PCB• f"\_T(Af.t.lRIC t• S.t.HO 60" Q.AT 12· ru r> > '> > >, > '> I JO .... PYC C(()Y(i,t81U,N[ ....... ~ CROSS SECTION Of EXISTING PCB LANDFILL NOf 10 SCM.l ~----',(C(TAlOt 12"TOl''50II.. u· C.CNCUL ru 2•·a.o Tfl[A'ltOWII.S ~-,ra.,u ~H l«ll[S f'HltOUCH VWO,SIUAB(O ~1,0,,, OI LO'#U llHCA. 8,loCMr11.L H()l[,nlHCII~ W.ltl'W. HOl,.(SPAC....C: tO IC Dn[II--CO ll" fill ~--JO .. ,.\o'C C(~fo1811AII( 1· \.'NO S£.C!!QN CROSS SECTION Of PROPOSED COMPLETED LANDflLL NOT TO SC,IU SHCO 11oor SMCO ltOQr SlffOIIT ANO fCUC)Ar'ION SIX IHCHCS OiF C0..-,1£Tt0 SVC/AGCA(GAT£ .a«M" AHO (l(N[AlM S,t,f(TY l>T('II 0A COUN"'-lNl S-SC ... : : :c:,:~:.~.:~4 .. • • • 'f'AOM PC.' • • • • ,• • • ♦::::.:♦:♦:♦•••••• ••• SE.C.llO!:! CONT.t.....,(llT '"" CONTAMINATED SOIL HOLDING AREA NOT fO SCM..£. -·"""" ....,..NCIA"l COW'ACTCO .aCCMCATt l(OC)INC/8,1,C•TII..L ""'l(ltw,. SJ:£I!.Otl ··" £ s10-,..,.ftll Cl1CH ,CNC[ fOII Pel l>HOr1U.. ·l··~·""' .. _, .. I \, .......... ,,,_, .... ft COH'i!WUCnoH ~r Ot'<'llt~ 8(ltl,I 10 t)l$t(C1 COMSlRUCll()N RUNOf'T 10 SlNP I LI7_f..!. l _:~~ .:.:--1 £AOS-oH ''J_"""'" .. .\---~·~"~ <;,iou,,,o SUAfAC[ l. "..,.... .,-,c, --"""' , .. PCS .-,,.l z-:_:~::--~SI.Jltf"ACC O~l[ SIOCSl0"CS AS 'll(llh("'l ,1.5 ~SIii.[ .. .11(:C~['JllllH ~COSttAftCCUVIIOWS ----J--11'\oC" SCH ~ CONOUIT rOIII' [l[CTJIIC.llt lltfiCO-. NOP( 9"1(11 Lll'I( { STC)ltUW.t,l"[lt OtfOt ~ UN( Jt(),I,() a-,S( 'flll!H GCOWCl"8"-•..C ANO COll'CR G(()UCM8RAI« "''M fll..llft tA(llil(: ACCESS ROAD FOR HAUL VEHICLES NOT 10 SCAl( \ S TC)ltUWA 1'(111 MJN0JT l(MI \ COHS"'VCJlOit RI.N()rr Ot'<'lllSION BCltW (PIIOJ(CTCOJ 11....f..L. .. -, ' iUIQUO(/ / ,---COH~STWC OT LNC lll(),tl()...s( WITH C(Ol,("'91'1.lriH( AHO COll(lt c;(Ot,i(_W9AAJ..c WIIM '''£" , .. .,.,c IJ" StONC 011' .IICCttfCAtC SEQ!QN CONSTRUCTION SUMP MOT 10 SC"'l[ C,,.IUM Fill 8(RW UTILITY LINE TRENCHING ~=~~,, ~ CCOTO,.__[ , ' LPff(P~O . ......... ♦ICFKAISER .... [l[CTiltlCM. llNI 1'41[11 1,.IN(S S......_l 9( ..ST-'1.LCO ~ SCP.u\o\T( IJl(HCHCS .. r u .. s, ,o· ,,,,11,A, $E.C.l!Q!i "CLEAN" ACCESS ROAD -PARKING AREA NOT 10 SC•LC fJ. 1~ .. ::,: .. 0 ~·;-s I" TC or N,JR TH CAROLINA WARR[N CQI IN If PCB LANOrllL [ JG (MVIR()NM[N T •L. tNC \1<11 ......... SCCTIOHS Ht.'. 10909-POJ
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Appendix B
PERFORMANCE DEMONSTRATION PLAN
OUTLINE
Appendix B
Performance Demonstration Plan
Outline
1.0 Introduction
2.0 Required Performance Standards/Permit Conditions
3.0 Equipment Description
4.0 Testing/Operations Organization
5.0 Waste Feed Characterization
6.0 Wastewater Handling, Collection and Storage Procedures
7.0 Monitoring Procedures
8.0 Stack Gas Monitoring/Perimeter Air Monitoring
9.0 BCD Operating Conditions
10.0 Operating Conditions Monitoring
11.0 Performance Testing Schedule
12.0 Performance Test Results Summary
13.0 Post Performance Test Operations
14.0 Full Scale Operations
15.0 Routine Inspection and Maintenance Procedures
Appendices
(Information will include correspondence, Design Criteria,
Performance Standards, Air Modeling Information,
Background Information, Permit Information, Testing
Methodology, etc.)
Appendix C
AIR MONITORING PLAN OUTLINE
Appendix C
Air Monitoring Plan Outline
1.0 Introduction
2.0 Air Monitoring Activities
3.0. Perimeter Air Monitoring
4.0 Operating Procedures
Appendix D
QUALITY ASSURANCE PROJECT PLAN OUTLINE
Appendix D
Quality Assurance Project Plan Outline
1.0 Introduction
2.0 Project Organization
3.0 Quality Assurance Objectives
4.0 Field Operations and Sampling Procedures
5.0 Decontamination
6.0 Laboratory Operations
7.0 Data Validation
8.0 Performance and System Audits
9.0 Corrective Action
10.0 Quality Assurance Reports
Appendix E
HEALTH AND SAFETY PLAN OUTLINE
Appendix E
Health and Safety Plan Outline
1.0 Introduction
2.0 Project Organization and Responsibilities
3.0 Scope of Work
4.0 Hazard Evaluation
5.0 Site Control Procedures
6.0 Personal Protection Requirements
7.0 Decontamination and Disposal Procedures
8.0 Site Emergencies
9.0 Training Requirements
10.0 Medical Monitoring Requirements
11.0 Reporting
Appendix F
CONSTRUCTION QUALITY ASSURANCE PLAN
OUTLINE
Appendix F
Construction Quality Assurance Project Plan (CQAPP)
Outline
1.0 Introduction
2.0 Project Organization
3.0 Permits
4.0 Documentation
5.0 Soils Inspection
6.0 Geomembrane Inspection
7.0 Concrete Inspection
8.0 Wood Inspection
9.0 Aggregate Inspection
10.0 Utility Inspection
11.0 Landfill Excavation
12.0 Final Cover System
13.0 Certification Report
Appendix G
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS OUTLINE
Appendix G
Technical Specifications Outline
1.0 Introduction
2.0 Special Conditions or Provisions
3.0 Site Conditions
4.0 Schedule of Values
5.0 Mobilization and Demobilization
6.0 Clearing and Grading
7.0 Construction Layout and Survey
8.0 Site Preparation
9.0 Excavation and Fill Placement
10.0 Access Road Construction
11.0 Staging Area(s) Construction
12.0 Concrete Construction
13.0 Wood Construction
14.0 Surface and Subsurface Drainage
15.0 Utility Installation
16.0 Landfill Excavation
17.0 Storrnwater Management
18.0 BCD System
19.0 Treated Soil Backfill
20.0 Final Cover Construction
21.0 Fencing
22.0 Vegetation
23.0 Site Cleanup and Damage Repair
24.0 Geomembrane/Fabric Filter Liners
Appendix H
EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN
Appendix H
Emergency Response Plan
Outline
1.0 Purpose
2.0 General
3.0 Emergency Coordinators
4.0 Communication
5.0 Contingency Plan Excavation and Implementation
6.0 Emergency Contact Authorities
7.0 Chemical/Waste Identities and Characteristics
8.0 Emergency Response Procedures for Spills, Fire and Explosions
8.1 Liquid Spill
8.2 Solid Spill
8.3 Training of Local Response/Rescue Agencies
8.4 Accidental Spill of PCBs
8.5 Fire
8.6 Explosion
9.0 Available Emergency Control Equipment
10.0 Excavation Plan
~-------VEGETATION /,.t:J 12· TOPSOIL -----12" FILL -10 MIL GEOMEMBRANE F - - -- --1 2•· CLAY ,.-+--12" FILL +++♦♦♦ +♦++++++• +++++++++ ♦♦+++++♦ + + + + + + + + + ~•-• -,f----SOILS wtTl-f ELEVA TEO + + + + + + + + + LEVELS Of' PCBs +++++++++ +-+++++++-+ +++++++++ ,+ __,J-,_,&,, ...t-&.... ..___ • ...-t _*·I FILTER r A BR re . · g• SANO so· CLAY -....-1---12" FILL GEOMEMBRANE --+---g· SANO ---PREPARED SUBGRAOE SECTION CROSS SECTION OF EXISTING PCB LANDFILL NOT TO SCALE ~-------VEGETATION / //,1 12" TOPSOIL .__,_ __ 12" GENER AL FILL 24" CLAY --+---TREA TEO SOILS 54-57" CLAY PUNCH HOLES THROUGH UNDISTURBED PORTION OF LOWER LINER, BACKFILL HOLE WITH GRANULAR MATERIAL. HOLE SPACING TO BE DETERMINED. '-<--+---12" FILL GEIJMEMBR AN[ SUBGRADE SECTION CROSS SECTION OF PROPOSED COMPLETED LANDFILL NOT TO SCALE SHED ROOF SHED ROOF SUPPORT----..-jl ANO FOUNOA TION SIX INCHES OF COMPACTED SLAG/AGGREGATE ABOV( ANO BENEATH SAFETY LAYER OR EQUIVALENT BASE • + + + + ♦ + + + ·~·· + + •••• + •• ·+ ++++ +++ + + + • • IL + . + • + EXCAVAPTCEg ~N~FIL~ l + + • + 'FROM • • • • + + . • • + • • • • + + + •••••♦ •••••♦ + + + + + + + GEOMEMBRANE SAFETY LAYER, TO AVOIO ACCIDENTAL TEARING OF GEO'-<EMBRANE 't. CONTAINMENT BERM SECTION CONTAMINATED SOIL HOLDING AREA NOT TO SCALE BURIED UTILllY MARKING TAPE e·-12· I JO" (MIN.) COMPACTED AGGREGATE BEDDING/BACKFILL '-<ATERIAL SECTION JOOMO 1000900ooo Pl.OT SCAl(: 1•1 11(','l'ilOfif 1tCC5)00 su~rco OH· 01n,1ta llt"4SCO Ol/:•tM I I I I I I / • I EXISTING PERIMETER 't, STCRMWA TER CITCH L""' ,,. "" ~"" [:.:.::.: GROUND SURFACE . ~ STORMWA TER DITCH 't, STORM WATER RUNOFF BERM 17 FT. WIDE ACCESS ROAD 't, CONSTRUCTION RUNOFF DIVERSION BERM TO DIRECT CONSTRUCTION RUNOFF TO SUMP ~OUTFALL EROSION -■ PROTECTION --LINE ROAD BASE WITH GEOMEMBRANE ANO COVER GEO>.<E>.<BRANE WITH FILTER FABRIC STONE OR AGGREGATE CUL VERT PIPE SECTION ACCESS ROAD FOR HAUL VEHICLES NOT TO SCALE l EXISTING PERIMETER FENCE FOR PCB LANDFILL 't, STORMWA TER RUNOFF BERM 't, CONSTRUCTION RUNOFF DIVERSION BERM (PROJECTED) {~.::::-COMPACTED SOIL BACKFILL "ATERIAL GROUND SURFACE EXCAVATE SIDESLOPES AS VERTICAL AS POSSIBLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH APPLICABLE OSHA REGULATIONS 1---PVC SCH. 40 CONDUIT FOR ELECTRICAL LINE OR HOP( WATER LINE 17 FT. WIDE ACCESS ROAD PREPARED SUBGRAOE CONSISTING OF FILL ~ = LINE ROAD BASE WITH ! GEOMEMBRANE ANO COVER GEOMEMBRANE WITH FILTER FABRIC FILTER FABRIC 12• STONE OR AGGREGATE SECTION CONSTRUCTION SUMP NOT TO SCALE 1 2. COMPACTED AGGREGATE ~ CONSTRUCTION RUNOFF SUMP (2 REO'O) TO COLLECT CONSTRUCTION RUNOFF FROM ACCESS ROAD ON WEST SIDE OF LANDFILL EARTH FILL BERM ---GEOMEMBRANE UTILITY LINE TRENCHING _T~a~~~ GEOTEXTILE L' PREPARED ♦ICFKAISER NOT TO SCALE NOTE: ELECTRICAL ANO WATER LINES SHALL BE INST All ED IN SEPARA TIE TRENCHES •.T LEAST 1 O' APART. SUBGRADE SECTION "CLEAN" ACCESS ROAD -PARKING AREA NOT TO SCALE SCA!.£: AS SHOYIN CRAWN BY: 0. (VANS CHECl<(O BY: PJS DATE: JAN. 29, 1998 STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA WARREN COUNTY PCB LANDFILL ETC ENVIRONMENTAL. INC. SECTIONS Mf.'. f./f NO. J015500• SH([l NUMBER ol DRAWING NUUB(R 7O8O9-PDJ
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SOUTH EXISTING COVER CONSISTING (FRO" TOP DOWN) 1. VEGETATION 2. 12" TOPSOIL 3. 12" FILL 4. 10 "IL GEO"E"BRANE 5. 24" CLAY 6. 12" FILL EXCAVATE CONTA"INATIED SOILS ANO HAUL BY TRUCK TO TREAT -"ENT AREA AT NORTH END OF SITE. USE CONTAMINATED ROAD ON WEST SIOE OF SITE l"PLE"ENT OUST CONTROL "EASURES AS NEEDED / / 5· TO 12· THICK FILL----~ LAYER TO RE"AIN ANO ACT AS SHIELD FOR PCB SOILS + ♦ ♦ ♦ + + + ♦ + + ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ :~~ ' ----+ -. / • + + + + + + + + + + + + 1~, 50'± ~ • • • • • • • •• " " • ~""~ t + .+ + + + + + + + + • ~ • + + 'S:, ONSTRUCTION STORM WAPffMP TO PONO + COVER EXPOSED SLOPE WITH TARP WHEN NOT EXCAVATING (OPTIONAL) ft STRIP 12· TOPSOIL LAYER, 12" FILL LAYER ANO 24" CLAY LAYER. STOCKPILE CLAY AND TOPSOIL ON SOUTH OR EAST SIDE OF LANDFILL FOR USE IN CONSTRUCTION OF FINAL COVER. CLEAN TRUCKS HAULING STRIPPED "ATERIAL EXIT TO EAST SIDE OF SITE. EXPOSED FACE OF PCB SOIL TO BE EXCAVATED IN A SOUTHERN DIRECTION 1.5 1f7 + + + + + + + ~ RUNOf'F ~-+ ---+ + ♦• + + + ♦• + + ~ ~----+ ------...• •.· ... +~+ ----♦ ♦ +· ..:_,..---~ '-.d._ -U-- - - ----EXISTING LOWER LANDFILL LINER CONSISTING OF (FROM TOP DOWN) I. FILTER FABRIC 2. 9" SANO (LEACHATE COLLECTION) J. 60" CLAY 4. 12" FILL 5. JO MIL PVC GEOMEMBRANE 6. g• SANO (LEACHATE COLLECTION) EXISTING JO MIL PVC GEOMEMBRANE EXPOSED FACE OF TREATIED SOIL TO BE BACKFILLED IN A NORTHERN DIRECTION FINAL EXCAVATION DEPTH TO BE DETERMINED BY CONFIR"ATION/ VERIFICATION SAMPLING. REMOVE FILTER FABRIC, 9" SANO LAYER ANO J" TO 6" OF CLAY PRIOR TO SAMPLING. PUNCH HOLES THROUGH UNDISTURBED PORTION OF LOWER LINER. CONSTRUCT COMPACTED SOIL BERM OR INSTALL TUBE BER" TO f.lAINTAIN SEPARATION OF CLEAN/CONSTRUCTION SURFACE WATER RUNOFF. MOVI:/ RECONSTRUCT BER" AS NEEDED TYPICAL EXCAVATION SECTION NORTH TO SOUTH NOT TO SCALE .a, "'° 70e0900000 PlOl SC"l!: ,,., SfUT'['I) CH· 01/2•/9II Jt['-'S,EO 0/00/00 NORTH -500'± PROPOSED FINAL COVER CONSISTING OF (FROM TOP DOWN) 1. VEGETATION 2. 12" TOPSOIL 3. 12" GENERAL FILL 4. 24" CLAY K < lx10·'cm/s MIN. SLOPE 5ll r came,"""' -MAX TOP OF ORIGINAL PCB LANDFILL LINER SYSTEM Stop SOIL TREATED BY BCD PROCESS BACKFILLED INTO LANDFILL IN UNIFOR" HORIZONTAL LIFTS ACROSS WIDTH OF LANDFILL AND CO"PACTED _/ O,lltlS•W ll~~CoPO ♦ICFKAISER SCAL(: 0.AT[. STAT ~RRE ETG TYP!(AL [X(AVt, Tll1"'J 5(( l1t ,'! I !"I:" OR.AWN 8Y. 0 [V.ANS Cl-l[Clo.[O 8Y PJS [if NO J015S002 $H([T NIJt.AB(R ol QPA.WJNC NUU8[R 70809· P[12
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