NCD980602163_19970101_Warren County PCB Landfill_SERB C_PCB Landfill Sampling Plan-OCR

PCB LANDFILL SAMPLING PLAN u
TABLE OF CONTENTS 1
1.0 Project Background
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
Field Sampling Overview
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
Team Organization
Oversight
Site Safety
Public and Media Observation
Analytical Requirements and Quality Assurance
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
Chemical Test Methods
Sample Containers
Blank Samples
Physical Custody of Samples
Chain of Custody Documentation
Landfill Content Samples
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
Purpose
Field Sample Location
Field Sampling Method
Sampling Personnel Requirements
Field Equipment Required
Personal Protective Equipment
Analytical Methods
Quality Assurance
Landfill Leachate Samples
5. I
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
Purpose
Field Sample Location
Field Sampling Method
Sampling Personnel Requirements
Field Equipment Required
Personal Protective Equipment
Analytical Methods
Quality Assurance
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6.0
7.0
8.0
PCB LANDFILL -SAMPLij\JG PLAN
TABLE OF CONTENTS
(Continued)
Groundwater Sampling
6.1 Purpose
6.2 Field Sample Location
6.3 Field Sampling Method
6.4 Sampling Personnel Requirements
6.5 Field Equipment Required
6.6 Personal Protective Equipment
6.7 Analytical Methods
6.8 Quality Assurance
Surface Water and Sediment Sampling
7.1 Purpose
7.2 Field Sample Location
7.3 Field Sampling Method
7.4 Sampling Personnel Requirements
7.5 Field Equipment Required
7.6 Personal Protective Equipment
7.7 Analytical Methods
7.8 Quality Assurance
Sediment Basin Substrate Samples
8.1 Purpose
8.2 Field Sample Location
8.3 Field Sampling Method
8.4 Sampling Personnel Requirements
8.5 Field Equipment Required
8.6 Personal Protective Equipment
8.7 Analytical Methods
8.8 Quality Assurance
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PCB LANDFILLiSAMPLING.PLAN ... .. . -. ~ ~
TABLE OF,,~QNTENTS
(Continued)
9.0 Sand and Carbon Filtration Bed Samples
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
9.8
Figure I
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
Table I
Table 2
Appendix 1
Appendix 2
Appendix 3
Appendix 4
Appendix 5
Appendix 6
Appendix 7
Appendix 8
Purpose
Field Sample Location
Field Sampling Method
Sampling Personnel Requirements
Field Equipment Required
Personal Protective Equipment
Analytical Methods
Quality Assurance
Site Location Map
Site Investigation Map
Site Work Zones
LIST OF FIGURES
Background Monitoring Well Locations
Leachate Collection and Sump System
Sand and Fabric Filter System
LIST OF TABLES
Summary of Analytical Methods
Sampling Location and Analysis
APPENDICES
Key Project Personnel and Roles · : ':-
Site Safety Plan/Existing Data Analytical Summary
Chemical Analysis Sheets .. : .
Sampling Plan Worksheet
Standard Forms
Applicable Portions of Sampling Protocol
List of Sampling Equipment
Supplemental PCB Landfill Field Sampling Plan (BF A)
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1.0 PROJECT BACKGROUND
2.0 FIELD SAMPLING OVERVIEW
i
2.0 FIELD SAMPLING OVERVIEW
2.1 TEAM ORGANIZATION
All field efforts by staff of the Division of Waste Management or its contractors will be lead by
the Division Site Manager of the field effort. A Site Safety Officer will be appointed by the
Director of the Division and will be independent of the direction of the site manager.
The field team, reporting to the site manager, will consist of adequate numbers of staff to safely
complete all required field sampling, labeling, and reporting tasks in an efficient manner.
Individual members of the field team will coordinate with the disciplinary task leader developing
the methodologies and protocols for the field sampling and analysis effort. These disciplines may
include the following:
Environmental chemistry
Environmental engineering
Hydrogeology
Environmental toxicology
Environmental statistics
Analytical chemistry
•
In addition, two (2) representatives of the selected independent laboratory will be present for all
sampling events. This is necessary to comply with independent chain of custody and sample
labeling requirements. A list of key project individuals and their associated roles is provided in
Appendix 1.
2.2 OVERSIGHT
The Science Advisor(s) to the Joint Warren County and State PCB Landfill Working Group will
directly oversee all field activities of the Division of Waste Management and contractors at the
field sampling effort. All oversight individuals must be currently trained by 40-hour OSHA
hazardous waste worker standards and must attend a daily site safety briefing held by the Site
Safety Officer prior to field activities.
2.3 SITE SAFETY
A site safety plan has been prepared for this sampling and analysis event (Appendix 2). All
individuals present during this effort as team members, oversight personnel, or observers will be
required to adhere to the requirements of this plan. The Site Safety Officer will be the authority
for the site safety plan's implementation. This authority is separate from the authority of the site
manager, who has the overall field sampling plan responsibility.
All State and outside contractor personnel involved supervising field collection or sample handling
must be 40 hour OSHA trained. The conceptual delineation of the work zones is provided in
Figure 3. Appendix 2 also contains a summary of the current analytical data for the existing
sampling points.
2-1
2.4 PUBLIC AND MEDIA OBSERVATION
Members of the Working Group, the public, and media representatives are invited to observe the
field sampling activities provided they observe established safety requirements. All observers to
the site with the exception of the Science advisor or other properly trained staff must be
accompanied at all times while on the property.
The Site Safety Officer will establish a zone for each sampling activity where only properly trained
professionals will be allowed to enter. However, these areas are expected to be small and will be
temporary during actual preparation and sampling efforts. Safe zones will be established where
interested members of the Working Group or other citizens or their representatives will be
allowed to observe the field work.
Crucial elements of the sampling event as determined by the Site Manager or Science Advisor,
will be video taped. This tape will be made available upon request.
All observers present during the sampling program within the landfill area (beyond the locked
cross wire on the access road to the landfill) will be required to attend a site safety briefing, sign a
statement that they have received this instruction, and must obey the directions of the site safety
officer and their escort. Observers present during the sampling are required to be properly attired,
including long-sleeved shirts, long pants, and sturdy shoes ( e.g. work boots, hiking boots, or
athletic shoes). Chemical protective overboots will be provided upon request. Any deviation
from required attire will be allowed solely at the discretion of the site safety officer.
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3.0 ANALYTICAL REQUIREMENTS AND
QUALITY ASSURANCE
3.0 ANALYTICAL REQUIREMENTS & QUALITY ASSURANCE
3.1 CHEMICAL TEST METHODS
The required analytical methods for the various samples are as shown in Table 1. An independent
laboratory will perform the analyses for dioxin and furan samples. All other analyses will be
performed by the State Laboratory (Environmental Science Lab). The analytical methods to be
used and their corresponding :MDLs are as follows.
TABLE 1
SUMMARY OF ANALYTICAL METHODS
CONSTITUENT
PCB
Volatile Organics
Semivolatile Organics
Pesticides and Herbicides
Diox.in/Furans
Metals
SW-846 METHOD
8081/8080
8240
8270
8081-8141
8290-1311
(Various)
:MDL
Soil= 0.1 ppm/water= 0.1 ppb
see Appendix 3
see Appendix 3
see Appendix 3
5.0 ppq
3.2 SAMPLE CONTAINERS
The required sample containers are as listed in Appendix 4. Personnel from the selected
independent laboratory will provide all containers for the Dioxin and Furan samples. The State
Field Personnel will provide sample containers for all remaining analyses.
3.3 BLANK SAMPLES
It is expected that this sampling campaign will cover two days. As a result, a "set" of "trip blank"
samples containing organic-free water will be prepared to accompany the sample containers for
each day of sampling. A representative from the selected analytical lab will be given the
"dioxin/furan" blanks and the State will take the remainder for each day of sampling. Equipment
rinseate blanks will be prepared as a means to verify that proper decontamination procedures were
followed. There should be one rinseate blank per sampling media per day generated. Field
decontamination between sampling is not expected to be performed therefore additional
equipment rinseate blanks should not be needed. These blanks are as follows and are listed in
Table 2.
NUMBER
35
36
37
38
39
40
DESCRIPTION
TRIP 1 -Trip Blank for Day 1
TRIP 2 -Trip Blank for Day 2
SOIL 1 -Soil equipment rinseate sample Day 1 or 2
WATER 1 -Groundwater equipment rinseate sample Day I
WATER 2 -Groundwater equipment rinseate sample Day 2
WATER 3 -Surface water equipment rinseate sample Day l or 2
3-1
3.4 PHYSICAL CUSTODY OF SAMPLES
Chain-of-custody shall be maintained for all samples taken from sample collection, transport and
analysis by all parties involved. Sample handling will be conducted as follows.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
3.5
All sample containers will be filled by DWM Field Staff.
All filled sample containers for Diox.in/Furan analysis will be given to laboratory
personnel.
Mr. Patrick Barnes of BF A, Inc. will receive the filled sample containers from laboratory
personnel and provide all sample labeling and/or coding.
The independent laboratory personnel will take the Diox.in/Furan samples to their
laboratory for analysis.
All other samples will be taken by the DWM Field Staff to the Environmental Science Lab
(State Lab) for analysis.
CHAIN OF CUSTODY DOCUMENTATION
The Division of Waste Management uses standard forms to document sample chain of custody.
Samples of these forms and are included in Appendix 5.
I. Chain of custody record -this form accompanies all samples from the time they are placed
in the container and labeled through shipment to the laboratory and finally accompany the
data from the laboratory back to the requesting-authority. This "chain-of custody" record,
where each subsequent handler of the sample or data acknowledges custody and
responsibility for the sample is a high-order quality control procedure.
2. Sample analysis request -this form accompanies samples from the field to the laboratory.
It identifies individual samples uniquely by listing the unique sample identification number
from the sample label and directs the analytical laboratory to perform the appropriate
analysis on each sample. This function will be performed by Mr. Patrick Barnes of BF A,
Inc. This form will be filled out in advance of the sampling event and provided to Mr.
Barnes.
3. Receipt of samples form -this form is used when the original sampling team releases split,
duplicate, or original samples to another person or group.
4. Filed sample labeling as noted earlier will be conducted by Mr. Patrick Barnes of BF A,
Inc. After the samples have been labeled, this information will be included on the Sample
Analysis Request Form in# 2 above.
5. Reporting Procedure -Each laboratory performing analysis for this effort will be
instructed to provide any data, preliminary or final, verbally or in writing, only to the
Science Advisors.
3-2
All methods and protocols used during the Warren County PCB Landfill environmental
characterization will be published protocols or standards, or modifications of such necessary for
the specific conditions of this effort and approved by the Science Advisors. All planned field
sampling activities and subsequent chemical analyses follow or are derived from:
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, May 1996, Environmental Investigations Standard
Operating Procedures and Quality Assurance Manual (EISOPQAM).
N.C. Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources, Division of Waste
Management, 1993, Sample Collection Guidance Document.
Occupational Safety and Health Administration Directorate of Technical Support. 1990.
Instruction CPL 2-2.20B CH-1, Chapter 1 Personal Sampling for Air Contaminants.
U.S . Environmental Protection Agency Office of Solid Waste. 1994. SW-846. Test Methods for
Evaluating Solid Waste Physical Chemical Methods.
Sampling and analysis methods not modeled after the above published methods are considered
survey or research methods and will be used in addition to, not in replacement of, published
methods, where applicable and approved by the science advisors.
All sampling and analysis of samples will be conducted under standard chain-of-custody methods
of the Division of Waste Management, which comply with all federal environmental regulatory
requirements. Applicable portions of these standards are included in Appendix 6.
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. ·. ·• •. .·. : . .,·•· .. . ... · ...
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4.0 LANDFILL CONTENT SAMPLES
4.0 LANDFILL CONTENT SAMPLES
4.1 PURPOSE
To collect two sets of soil samples (wet and dry) within the landfill to determine chemical and
physical content and to provide data to support the detoxification activities of the landfill. Also, a
soil sample will be taken at a seep located outside the landfill fence on the west side.
4.2 FIELD SAMPLING LOCATION
All landfill content samples will be taken at or within the central air vent for the landfill and is
shown in Figure 2 as a triangle within the fenced area of the landfill. Table 2 identifies these
samples as Number 42 and 43, "LANDFILL SOILS".
The seep sample location is indicated in Figure 2 as the darkened triangle labeled as the
hydropunch sample. Table 2 identifies this sample as Number 41 "HYDRO PA".
4.3 FIELD SAMPLING METHOD
Both the landfill content (soil) samples and the seep sample will be acquired by hand auger or
other suitable ·manual methods. Three or more continuous soil column samples will be acquired.
These samples will be sleeved in PET plastic tubes. Soil samples from the seep area will use
Teflon liners. Sub-samples from these columns will be directed for chemical analysis. Additional
bulk landfill content samples will be acquired for bulk physical analyses. A list of the appropriate
sampling equipment is included as Appendix 7.
4.4 SAMPLING PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS
Site preparation will occur one day before the major field sampling exercise. On the main
sampling day, two trained field staff will be required for sample preparation, record keeping, and
general field support activities.
4.5 FIELD EQUIPMENT REQUIRED
Field equipment will include an array of chemically-clean sample containers and sample collection
and preparation devices for handling soil samples. Sample containers, labels, and sample
preservation and storage(transshipment) containers will also be required. Sample container
requirements, as mentioned earlier, are as shown in Appendix 4. Equipment to decontaminate
sampling devices and sample containers will be required to prevent cross contamination of
samples.
4.6 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
Level D protective equipment for sampling personnel will be required. This includes long-sleeved
4-1
4. 7 ANALYTICAL METHODS
Both the landfill content samples and the seep samples are to be analyzed for the following
constituents as shown in Table 2:
Landfill Contents
PCBs
Dioxin/Furan
SVOC (BN/ AE)
voe
Metals
Other
particle size distribution
engineering classification
liquid limit
plasticity index
moisture content
organic matter
nutrients
4.8 QUALITY ASSURANCE
Seep sample
PCB
Dioxin/Furan
All Quality Assurance requirements for this phase of the sampling are as noted m the
OVERVIEW section.
4-2
SAMPLE ID
LOCATION
BLANKS
35 TRIP 1
36 TRIP 2
37 SOIL 1
38 WATER 1
39 WATER-2
40 WATER-3
TABLE2
SAMPLING LOCATION AND ANALYSIS
(CONTINUED)
DIOXIN/
PCB FURAN BN/AE voe METALS OTHER
✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
✓ ✓
✓ ✓
✓ ✓
✓ ✓
DIOXIN/
SAMPLE ID
LOCATION
SOIL SAMPLE PCB FURAN BN/AE voe METALS OTHER
41 HYDRO PA ✓ ✓
42 LANDFILL SOILS (WET) ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
43 LANDFILL SOILS (DRY) ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
44 WELL BORING ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
45 WELL BORING ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
46 WELL BORING ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
47 WELL BORING ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
48 WELL BORING ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
49 WELL BORING ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
SAMPLE ID
LOCATION
FILTER BEDS
150 SAND FILTER ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
5 I CARBON FILTER ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Other for landfill soils include particle size distribution engineering classification, liquid limit,
plasticity index, moisture content, organic matter, nutrients
✓
✓
✓
✓
TABLE2
SAMPLING LOCATION AND ANALYSIS
(CONTINUED)
DIOXIN/
SAMPLE ID
LOCATION
LEACHATE PCB FURAN BN/AE voe METALS
19LEACHEATE INLET
20 LEACHEATE OUTLET
SAMPLE ID
LOCATION
SURFACE WATER
21 SW-1 SOUTH UT NEW
✓
✓
22 SW-2 SOUTH WEST UT NEW
23 UTUS EXISTING
24 RCUS EXISTING (Below Bridge)
25 RCDS EXISTING
26 RCUS NEW (Above Bridge)
SAMPLE
LOCATION
SEDIMENT
27 USSS-ABOVE BRIDGE ON RD
28 BB BELOW BRIDGE ON RC
29 SS-1 SE DRAW ON UT
30 SSND N DRAW ON RC
31 RCUT CONFLUENCE
SAMPLE ID
LOCATION
POND SOIL
32 PS-I OVERFLOW PIPE BASE
33 PS-2 CENTER OF POND
34 PS-3 DISCHARGE PIPE OUTLET
✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
DIOXIN/
PCB FURAN
✓ ✓
✓ ✓
✓ ✓
✓ ✓
✓ ✓
✓ ✓
DIOXIN/
PCB FURAN
✓ ✓
✓ ✓
✓ ✓
✓ ✓
✓ ✓
DIOXIN/
PCB FURAN
✓ ✓
✓ ✓
✓ ✓
SAMPLE ID
LOCATION
BLANKS
35 TRIP 1
36 TRIP 2
37 SOIL 1
38 WATER 1
39 WATER-2
40 WATER-3
TABLE 2
SAMPLING LOCATION AND ANALYSIS
(CONTINUED)
DIOXIN/
PCB FURAN BN/AE voe METALS OTHER
✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
✓ ✓
✓ ✓
✓ ✓
✓ ✓
DIOXIN/
SAMPLE ID
LOCATION
SOIL SAMPLE PCB FURAN BN/AE voe METALS OTHER
41 HYDRO PA
42 LANDFILL SOILS (WET)
43 LANDFILL SOILS (DRY)
44 WELL BORING
45 WELL BORING
46 WELL BORING
47 WELL BORING
48 WELL BORING
49 WELL BORING
SAMPLE ID
LOCATION
FILTER BEDS
50 SAND FILTER
51 CARBON FILTER
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
✓ ✓ ✓
✓ ✓ ✓
✓ ✓ ✓
✓ ✓ ✓
✓ ✓ ✓
✓ ✓ ✓
✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Other for landfill soils include particle size distribution engineering classification, liquid limit,
plasticity index, moisture content, organic matter, nutrients
✓
✓
✓
✓
5.0 LANDFILL LEACHATE SAMPLES
5.0 LANDFILL LEACHATE SAMPLES
5.1 PURPOSE
To collect leachate samples at the leachate inlet and outlet at Warren County PCB Landfill to
determine chemical content.
5.2 FIELD SAMPLING LOCATION
The leachate collection system engineered into the design of the landfill includes an access or
sampling port located near the pump house on the north end of the fenced area. A diagram of the
sampling port is enclosed. One sample is to be taken from both the Leachate Inlet and Leachate
Outlet. The locations for these samples are shown in Figure 2 as squares on the north end of the
landfill . One sample location is inside the fenced in area, the other is outside the fenced in area.
These samples are numbered as 19 and 20 in Table 2. A detail cross section of the leachate
collection and sump system is provided as Figure 5.
5.3 FIELD SAMPLING METHOD
The method used in collecting samples of leachate from the landfill will follow those used in
previous leachate sampling efforts. Use of the sample sampling method will allow comparison of
previously acquired data to the new information. Sufficient sample will be withdrawn from the
·leachate collection system sampling port and from the inlet on the filter system to conduct the
required chemical analyses. In addition, a sample will be drawn from the outlet from the filter
system. A variety of sample sizes and containers is required. Samples for organic chemical
analysis may be filtered, and both the liquid fraction and the filter media will be submitted for
analysis. This would be necessary with samples with high particulate content to determine the
actual location of any complex organic molecules, i.e., are they in the water itself or in the solids
suspended in the water.
5.4 SAMPLING PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS
Two teams of two hydrogeological sampling personnel will complete this task along with the
sampling of the monitoring wells during the main sampling day's efforts. Two representatives
from Triangle Labs will be present for the sampling as noted in the OVER VIEW section.
5.5 FIELD EQUIPMENT REQUIRED
Standard, portable field sampling equipment will be required. A variety of sample bottles (listed
in Appendix 4) will be available to be properly labeled for the required organic and inorganic
analyses. Portable decontamination equipment will also be employed to prevent any cross-contact
with the chemistry from one sample to another. Whenever possible dedicated samplers will be
used.
5-1
5.6 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
Level D protective equipment for sampling personnel will be required. This includes long-sleeved
shirts, long-legged pants, safety shoes, impact protective eye ware, and disposable surgical gloves .
5. 7 ANALYTICAL METHODS
The Landfill Leachate Samples are to be analyzed for the following constituents as shown in Table
2:
5.8
PCBs
Dioxin/Furan
SVOC (BN/ AE)
voe
Metals
Other (Secondary drinking water parameters, i.e. BOD, COD, turbidity, pH, etc.)
QUALITY ASSURANCE
All Quality Assurance requirements for this phase of the sampling are as noted m the
OVERVIEW section.
5-2
6.0 GROUNDWATER SAMPLING
6.0 GROUNDWATER SAMPLING PLAN
6.1 PURPOSE
To collect and analyze representative samples from the groundwater monitoring wells directly
adjacent to the toe of the landfill and within the anticipated critical flow paths, and to determine
the depth (elevation) of groundwater in each well at the time of sampling. Also, to obtain key
geologic and hydrologic data necessary for detailed site characterization. Important information
concerning the general characteristics of the site and why the new monitoring wells were
positioned as indicated on Figure 2 is presented in the Supplemental Field Sampling Plan
developed by BF A. A copy ofthis plan is included as Appendix 8.
6.2 FIELD SAMPLING LOCATION
The monitoring wells to be sampled are located as shown in Figure 2 and are listed in Table 2.
The sample numbers indicated are I to 18. The original monitoring wells are designated as small
circles with a dot and the newer wells are designated as hexagons. Note that the background
wells are not shown on Figure 2, but on Figure 4.
6.3 FIELD SAMPLING METHODS
Standard field methods will be used to sample the groundwater monitoring wells. The basic
process is to measure the water level; purge the well; and obtain the sample .
All water levels and well depths are to be measured to the nearest 0.01 ft below the surveyed
measuring point (i.e. the top of the well casing). Prior to measuring the water levels, non-vented
or sealable well caps should be removed to allow the water level to equilibrate. The measuring
device will be decontaminated between each well per standard EPA protocol.
After measuring the wells, the wells are purged to remove stagnant water. Purging equipment
must not compromise sample integrity. Field measurements including pH, temperature and
specific conductance will be used to determine if stagnant water has been removed. Purging will
continue until all field measurement values vary less than 5% for subsequent well volumes. When
purging is completed, the samples should be taken within a 24 hour time span.
The samples taken from the wells should have a turbidity of IO NTU or below. This can be
accomplished with a low-flow sampling techniques (i.e. a low flow peristaltic pump). Appendix E
of the "Environmental Investigations Standard Operating Procedures and Quality Assurance
Manual", (EISOPQAM) published by the U.S. EPA (May 1996) provides procedures on the use
of peristaltic pumps for groundwater sampling . Specific decontamination procedures will be
required if peristaltic pumps are used .
All samples to be analyzed for organic chemicals will be maintained at a temperature below 4
degrees C to maintain any organic chemicals in the sample. All groundwater sampling preserving
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protocols will be per the standard EPA protocols outlined in the USEP A EISOPQAM (May
1996).
6.4 SAMPLING PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS
A minimum two person field team from DWM will take all samples from the monitoring wells.
Containers provided by an independent lab for the dioxin and furan samples will be filled by DWM
staff The laboratory will provide a two person team for the sampling event.
6.5 FIELD EQUIPMENT REQUIRED
Groundwater sampling equipment must be constructed of materials and properly prepared so as to
not compromise the physical integrity of the sample. The use of low flow pumps for taking
samples must include provisions for thorough decontamination and/or replacement of necessary
pump internals to assure no cross contamination occurs between the wells.
6.6 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
Level D protective equipment for sampling personnel will be required. This includes long-sleeved
shirts, long-legged pants, safety shoes, impact protective eye ware, and disposable surgical gloves.
6. 7 ANALYTICAL METHODS
The Groundwater Samples are to be analyzed for the following constituents as shown in Table 2:
6.8
PCBs
Diox.in/Furan
SVOC (BN/ AE)
voe
Metals
Other (Secondary drinking water parameters, i.e. BOD, COD, turbidity, pH, etc.)
QUALITY ASSURANCE
All Quality Assurance requirements for this phase of the sampling are as noted m the
OVERVIEW section.
6-2
7.0 SURFACE WATER AND SEDIMENT SAMPLING
7.0 SURFACE WATER AND SEDIMENT SAMPLES
7.1 PURPOSE
To collect and analyze water and stream sediment samples to determine the presence of PCBs or
dioxins and furans.
7.2 FIELD SAMPLING LOCATIONS
The surface water and sediment sampling locations are located either along Richneck Creek, the
unnamed tributary, or in the draws that lead to the streams as shown on Figure 2. Table 2 list six
(6) surface water samples and are numbered 21 through 26. The locations for the six (6) surface
water samples are as shown on Figure 2. The original surface water sampling locations are shown
as circles with crosses and the additional surface water sampling locations are simply shown as
circles.
There are five (5) sediment samples required and these are shown in Figure 2 as triangles, near the
surface water sampling locations. These are numbered in Table 2 as 27 through 31 . The exact
location of all surface water and stream sediment samples will be determined in the field by the
Science Advisor. As with the Groundwater Sampling section, the Supplemental Field Sampling
Plan (Appendix 8) developed by BF A provides technical support for the proposed new sample
locations.
7.3 FIELD SAMPLING METHOD
Standard field methods for collecting samples of flowing water and stream bottom sediments will
be used. Care will be taken to minimize disturbance of the stream, e.g., downstream samples
taken before upstream, water samples taken before stream bottom sediment samples, and all
sample collection equipment and containers carefully decontaminated by organic-free methods
before and after use. Subject to the amount of flow present in the stream at the time of sampling,
surface water samples are obtained by standing downstream of the water to be sampled, turning
the container sideways, partially submerging the container allowing water to fill the container with
minimal agitation. Floating debris must be prevented from entering the sampling container.
Stream substrate samples are collected by forcing a hollow tube into the sediment to a depth of up
to 8", followed by capping the tube before removing it from the sediment, then transferring this
collected material to the sample container that will be sent to the laboratory. This step is repeated
until adequate quantity of sample is acquired. In the event of a rocky or impenetrable substrate, a
glass sample container is used in place of the sample tube. In this case, substrate is collected by
secondary container and transferred.
7.4 SAMPLING PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS
Two individuals will be required to perform this sampling event. The two hydrogeological
7-1
sampling personnel will conduct this effort. Two representatives of the selected independent
laboratory will be present for this phase of the sampling as noted in the OVERVIEW section.
7.5 FIELD EQUIPMENT REQUffi.ED
Sample collection equipment, and portable decontamination equipment will be required. Sample
container requirements are noted in Appendix 4.
7.6 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
Level D protective equipment for sampling personnel will be required. This includes long-sleeved
shirts, long-legged pants, safety shoes, impact protective eye ware, and disposable surgical gloves.
7.7 ANALYTICAL METHODS
The Surface Water and Sediment Samples are to be analyzed for the following constituents as
shown in Table 2:
7.8
PCBs
Dioxins/Furan
QUALITY ASSURANCE
All Quality Assurance requirements for this phase of the sampling are as noted m the
OVER VIEW section.
7-2
8.0 SEDIMENT BASIN SUBSTRATE SAMPLES
8.0 SEDIMENTATION BASIN SUBSTRATE SAMPLES
8.1 PURPOSE
To sample and analyze surface soils from the sedimentation basin.
8.2 FIELD SAMPLING LOCATIONS
The sedimentation basin is located outside the main landfill fence to the
north of the landfill (Figure 2). It can be identified as a depression in the ground, that is
completely vegetated by grass and some taller weeds. The sedimentation basin has never
routinely held any liquid and was used only briefly during the first year following closure of the
landfill. The sampling locations are numbered 31 through 34 in Table 2 and are located as
follows :
Overflow Pipe Base
Center of Pond
Discharge Pipe Outlet
8.3 FIELD SAMPLING METHOD
Standard soil field sampling method will be employed. Three soils samples will be taken by
appropriate field collection devices, then transferred to a properly prepared and labeled container
for laboratory analysis for PCBs, dioxins and furans. The soil samples need only be taken at a
depth of 3 to 5" due to th·e nature of PCBs in binding to the surface substrate. Low levels of
PCBs (near the detection limit) were found in these substrate materials in earlier sampling
activities in this same basin.
8.4 SAMPLING PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS
Two sampling personnel will be required to perform this activity. However, the time required
should be one to two hours, thus, these individuals may be detailed from other activities. In
addition, two representatives of an independent laboratory will be present for this phase of the
sampling as noted in the OVER VJEW section.
8.5 FIELD EQUIPMENT REQUIRED
Routine organic chemical sampling equipment will be used in acquiring these samples. Sample
container requirements are as noted in Appendix 4.
8.6 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
Level D protective equipment for sampling personnel will be required. This includes long-sleeved
shirts, long-legged pants, safety shoes, impact protective eye ware, and disposable surgical gloves.
8-1
8.7 ANALYTICALMETHODS
· The Sedimentation Basin Substrate Samples are to be analyzed for the following constituents as
shown in Table 2:
PCB
Dioxin/Furan
8.8 QUALITY ASSURANCE
All Quality Assurance requirements for this phase of the sampling are as noted m the
OVER VIEW section.
8-2
9.0 SAND AND CARBON FILTRATION
BED SAMPLES
9.0 SAND AND CARBON FILTRATION BED SAMPLES
9.1 PURPOSE
To sample and analyze sand, carbon and sediment from the filtration portions of the on site
treatment facilities.
9.2 FIELD SAMPLING LOCATIONS
The filtration beds are located at the northern end of the landfill near the leachate collection pipes.
The filtration beds are part of the leachate water treatment system and are contained in two
concrete "septic tanks". The first bed is of sand and the second is a carbon filtration bed. This
system has been used to filter water pumped out of the leachate collection system on a monthly
basis. One sample will be taken under the protective fabric cloth in each of the two beds.
9.3 FIELD SAMPLING METHOD
Standard soil field sampling method will be employed. Two samples will be taken by appropriate
field collection devices, then transferred to a properly prepared artd labeled container for
laboratory analysis for PCBs, dioxins and furans, and other constituents as noted in Table 2. The
samples will be taken under the filtration fabric to a depth of 3-5 " due to the nature of PCBs in
binding to the surface substrate. Low levels of PCBs have been detected in the leachate water
pumped from the landfill during a couple of sampling events over the years since the landfill was
constructed.
9.4 SAMPLING PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS
Two sampling personnel will be required to perform this activity. However, the time required
should be one to two hours, thus, these individuals may be detailed from other activities. In
addition, two representatives of the independent laboratory will be present for this phase of the
sampling as noted in the OVER VIEW section.
9.5 FIELD EQUIPMENT REQUIRED
Routine organic chemical sampling equipment will be used in acquiring these samples. Sample
container requirements are as noted in Appendix 4.
9.6 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
Level D protective equipment for sampling personnel will be required. This includes long-sleeved
shirts, long-legged pants, safety shoes, impact protective eye ware, and disposable surgical gloves.
9-1
9.7 ANALYTICAL METHODS
The sand and carbon filtration samples, identified as samples #48 and #49 in Table 2, are to be
analyzed for the following constituents:
PCB
Dioxin/furan
SVOC (BN/ AE) voe
Metals
9.8 QUALITY ASSURANCE
All Quality Assurance requirements for this phase of the sampling are as noted m the
OVERVIEW section.
9-2
FIGURES
_. <J) 0 ~ C) W-1A, 1 B @ 0 MW-1 ~ A Enviironmental Consultants @11rrf!D~~. !?~rrDllf!Drdl llf!Drdl t'iJ~~@tr:6~fl~~, Of!Dtr:. LEGEND 0 SURFACE WATER SAMPLE (SW) 6 SEDIMENT SAMPLE (SS) EB EXISTING SURFACE WATER STATIONS 0 EXISTING WELL (MW) A. HYDRO PUNCH SAMPLES @ NEW WELL CLUSTER (MW) ® NEW WELL, POSSIBLE CLUSTER .Ss&f 400· I 0 NEW DEEP WELL (MW) 0 200· 01-21-1997 09:44 AM WARREN COUN1Y PCB LANDFlll EXISTING & PROPOSED MONITORING SITES FIGURE 2
-/ _______
Contamination
Control Line
SITE WORK ZONES
Estimated boundary ~
of area wi!h h~ghest
contamination ""' .
Support Zone
(Z) Access Control Points .
D Contamination Reduction Corridor.
IT] Contamination Reduction Zone (CRZl.
[1J] Exclusion Zone.
Q
\
Prevailing wind direction
Note: Area dimensions not to scale. Distances between points may vary.
FIGURE 3
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' .. -•··· .. •' ...... ,.-•.•-_...._. ......................... •, .·.•··· . •., ~ -~ .. :::,. _'~. i ~u!«,..~;:::.:=o~ I I· · >.: •'.: ·· ~.:,·' ·. ~) ::~:·:·_-...._ ~. ,_-: :~~··'·\ ~:. : ·.:~.::\Y> ~:!.~;~{~::::·:•~ . . . . . ' . • •... ;_.:· 'SAtiP.BCAIUJON . RSPLANY1ti•·.-:•~. .• . ~ ~-.:~~r'f CM:IIS•..... _ _; ... ,. ••t TANI< TOPS)fOT S~ FOR et.Am>~ :; :-. ,.,, ... , ··,M'~--.-•1,;.>'-~;· ·. ,:·:.~•.•. ·~··, ~,SCAl.[~•••·cf· .. ~-•. ;·:,,:• :. -~./:•:: < :'.:;::i):-:'_\/ .. •:• _.t~~~:'lf?:~:}(,::;d-, ! .,. . I. • • •. •; ' . • .• .•"' •:•.,.,,.,.:.•I,:•, I>• ..... ,'; •1.u•,•" ··l•·· ,i., . ..,,.,.~ .• •afuus,1 'VN'.ur"'\o•i:iwfr ' ~; ·-~i\'!,1}~!i1=" •• -'.f;1 4! . L .. ._,, . " 'I·• • .• _ ... ,·1Jl'f:\.~•=j'.!I•,,. ;.,,-,,t •• .n.ow TO. ,. ,. ,1,.; t,; 1--,f·.!I"•• ·-,:,. 1,,J.'i;'•..;,·, .. •i ,\;..,.,,C-,,'" 1,:1.\•'•t-\t .. ~-., 1•·:•,. ....... t. • • •.(• .... : ... ,:.,.:~, "!, ! .......... ;(•-.·· ,.. 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I ,., • ...... ·••: •• ,,. ,J • ·•••r ,!_ .. • '·',•1 • , .' · •• •' '~ 'I•' .. \,. .. ,, 0\ ',', •..i•• ·• &: • ,,";; i.__~'f t •--~<•••';,,' ••••• 1/1•:f ~-• ... "' ... •.-...... J 1t··:,•.::...... . ''·.J" •. -.. ; ... ~•-.•• · , •• ·•· "•· •• .• , . .,. ,.··.-.. ~,·.··· •.:· ... ,\'· ... ,, :,,·, \'i ;:· .·;-:·•· . •'• .1.. TtJI:,-; • -· • 'f •• ;'J,, ~ , ... • •...• -• ·,.f,._ ..... 1->.'-•."·' .J·· •. • •· • • ... v••;•!· ~ ~-,• .. , • 1 • .; .,. • .f •.•. !••••• "'' • • ·1-:. •l• .: .,_• ,;., :..._;.. •• ~ • .f, • • •., ., :. . :, ,-'5: .• i'·•t.:t~~ •·········· ...... ~--.--••t:. ,,;;.· ·'"::"'~ .. ---~~~:,, .. • ~-:. r-.;.• .·:. .......... ,~' 4;•. ,:· ~ • . .•. t I • • • . •, r ...• • .••... ',, • i·· J,:.. t,<,, .. ,;,t:'/t"t; .: .• :.>·: ;.~, •· ., , ,.._ __ -J1--J1-~-----.:...-------l,.------' . ·•-•'·•,-►••UW:ioHOUMNb~ . };}!. t{ ~· . . · ., mML .i" ,-, •.• ~t-1:1; if tr t{:FVti~ . SECTION~ A· .ICtMTOICAIIIIOII .:,~_,•·'..",'•.. ... . ."•::• _ ... , .••. _.1,;, 'f.-SCAU."z•t-X:-• · ·• . · 1Z•4D MCIH S1zt•·.·1 ·: .. ·•· •• • ., :., . l' ·.. ·• ·:/·~ •.. _.. ,· · .. ,.. . . .,._ SAND AND FABRIC FILTERS FIGURE 6
APPENDICES
APPENDIX]
KEY PROJECT PERSONNEL AND ROLES
APPENDIX2
SITE SAFETY PLAN
SITE HEALTH AND SAFITY PlAN
A. General Information
-Site Name Warren County PCB Landfill o & M
location JvSl off SR J 604 Warren County NC
Proposed Date of Investigation
Date of Briefing
Date of Debriefing
Health Department Official Contacted
Date of Contact
ID t NCD 980 602 J 63
Site Investigation Team: All site personnel have read the Site Health and Safety Plan
and are familiar with its provisions.
Personnel Responsibilities SiEoature
Plan Preparation:
Prepared By: --------------Reviewed By: --------------
B. SITE/ WASTE CHARACTERISTICS
Waste Type(s) X Liquid X Solid Sludge Gas ----- -
Characteristics _Corrosive _Ignitable _Radioactive
Volatile X Toxic Reactive Other -----
List Known or Suspected Hazards (physical, chemical biological or radioactive)
on Site and their toxicological effects. Also, if known, list chemical amounts
WARNING PROPERTIES TLV HAZARD
PCBs Odor Ibcesbold ron -no data
tmild bvdroc;acbon odor}
0 5mg/m1
Facility Description: Size: Total -H2 ac;res
Landfill -2.54 acres
Buildings : i:u:me
Unusual Features on Site (dike integrity, power lines, terrain, etc.):
History of the Site:
none known
Between June, t 978 and August, 1978, over 30,000 gallons of industrial liquid waste material identified as
PCBs (Arochlor 1260 and Arochlor 1262) were discharged deliberately along the shoulders of approzximatley
150 miles of NC highways. In June, 1979, EPA approved a tract of land (previously used for agriculture) in
Warren County as the disposal site for the PCB<ontaminated roadside soil. The landfill (constructed in 1983-
1984 and permitted under the Toxic Substances Control Act• TSCA) contains about 40,000 cubic yards of soil
contaminated with PCBs. The concentration of P_CBs in the landfill ranges from 46 to 200 ppm, averaging -about 135 ppm. -=-
C. HAZARD EVALUATION
Ibe 5ile can be toured in level D protection
~ ~ _J:lv-e__ .
~~
Steekoed safety shoes and chemial protection overboots shall be wom by all staff involved in sampling
activities. lnvididuals touring or observing the site shall wear substantial laceup shoes with chemical protective
overboots. long sleeve pants and shirts are required.
D. WORK PLAN INSTRUCTION
Map or Sketch Attached? W
Perimeter Identified? w
Command Post Identified? no
Zones of Contamination Identified? w
Personal Protective Equipment/Level of Protection: ___ c _x_o
Modifications: Ibe ·sue ao be toured and sampled io 1ml P pmtes:tion Steel-toed wp~ bQots wm be wpm
wbile nmoJioe PE Pt PVC elpyes wiJI be wom while colles:tine water or soil 5am0les Ibe HNU At OVA will
be w to monitor breathin& zone ait while soil aveecin& and 5ampJine of soils lwek suits wm be wpm while
aueecioe It is recommended that oo obsecvecs be allowed within 10 meters of the sampJioe sites Level P
oer:soooel prptective eovicment indudin& chemical pmtes:tive boots wjll be required of an obsecvers
Qwcvers are to be aceompanjed at ~I! times by a person propetJy trained by 29 CFR ]910120 to 41}:hr
standards
Surveillance Equipment:
____ HNU
____ OVA
Combustable Gas Meter ----
Decontamination Procedures
----Detector Tubes and Pumps
02 Meter ----
Radiation Monitor ----
___ level C Respirator wash, respirator removal, suit wash (if needed),
suit removal, boot wash, boot removal and glove removal.
_X_level O Boot wash and rinse and boot removal, suit removal, glove
and goggle removal.
Modific.ations __________________________ _
EMERGENCY PRECAUTIONS
Baute of Exposure First Aid
c..~ irrioate immediatelv ~ •••••••••••••••••••••• --·•-------■----•
Skin • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 5Qap and water wash
Inhalation • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • fu:sb air and attifici;d respicaticn
tnse:uion • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • set medical attention immediately
Location of Nearest Phone: unknown
Nurest Hospital (Address and Phone Number)
Marja Parbaro Hospital Ruin Creek Road ax 1.as Henderson NC 27536
cao handle cberoically contaminated patients
Emergency Transportation Systems (Phone Numbers)
Fire ID
EMS ill
Rescue Squad ID
Emergency Route to Hospital Travel west 00 SR l 604 't'hen tum lefi 0010 SR l l 2s lust past Cokesbury
tum ciebt onto SR l s,o then lefi onto SR 100, Stay on 58 1001 until just outside of Henderson then turn
tiebx onto SR l sos wbicb will lead you 10 1.as Take 1.as South to the Rvin Creek Road exit the bospita! is
weli marked
EQUIPMENT CHECKLIST
_ Air purifying respirator
_ Canridges for respirator
_Oust Mask-.
_x_ ol Indicator
_X_Eye Wash Unit
_X_HNU
_X_OVA
X_ Combustable Gas Meter
_ Radiation Monitor
_Detector Tubes and Pump
X First Aid Kit
-X-3 gal. Distilled H20 --Rainsuit
-X-Gloves (PE/PVO'nitrile/cloth)
-X-BootwBoot Covers
-X-Coveralls (tyvek/saranex)
_X_Eye Protection
_X __ Hard Hat
_X_ Decontamination
Materials.
Chemical Emergency Information Centers
ASHEVILLE
704-25s-4490
CHARLOTTE
704-379-5827
DURHAM
1-800-672-1697
GREENSBORO
919-379--1105
Poison Control voter -State Coordinator
Duke University Medical Center ·
Telephone: [phone]
P.O. Box 3024
Durham, NC 27710
Western NC Poison
Control Center
Memorial Mission Hosp.
509 Biltmore Ave. 28801
Mercy Hospital
2001 Vail Ave, 28207
Duke Univ. Med. Center
Box 3007, 27710
Moses Cone Hospital
1200 N. Elm St. 27420
HENDERSONVILLE
704-69~522
Ext. SSS,SS6
HICKORY
704-322-6649
JACKSONVILLE
919-S77-2S5S
WILMINGTON
919-343-7046
Margaret R. Pardee
Memorial Hospital
Fleming SL, 28739
Catawba Mem. Hosp.
Fairgrove Chur. Rd 28601
Onslow Mem. Hospital
Western Blvd. 28540
New Hanover Mem. Hospital
2131 S. 17th St. 28-401
•
PROJECT MANAGERS PROJECT_ ACTIVITY REPORT
PROJECT ~NAGER: _____ _ PROJECT:~. __________ _
INVESTIGATION DATE: ____ _
Materials U5ed (Piuse insert a number In the blanlc)
Air Purifying respirator cartridges
-Detector tubes
-Eye Wash Units
-first Aid Kit
-Gloves (polyethylene) ::=: Gloves(PVQ
Respirator Worn By
_ Cloves (nitrile)
_ Gloves (cloth)
_ Boot covers
_ Coveralls (tyvek)
_ Coveralls (saranex)
_ Auger Brushes
Approximate Time in Respirator
Air Monitoring Data (Include Calibration Reading)
HNU: ________________________ _
OVk _______________________ _
r.ombustable Gas Meter: -------------------
Radiation Meter: ---------------------
If the maxfmurn personal protective equipment as outlined in the Hazard
Evaluation Section was not used, please justify:
Visitors Present Organization Represented
Dl/SR/Revised 10/1 /cJ~
APPENDIX3
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS SHEETS
•
. .
•b.-dHEUTRAl AHO ACID
EXTRACTABLES
CQl1POONO
.;ni trosodimethvlami ne
is (2-ch loroethvl )ether
-ch 1 or~heno 1
henol
.3-dichlorobenzene
4-dichlorobenzene
.2-dichlorobenzene
is(2-d'lloroi l)ether
exachloroethane
-n i troso-d i -n-"f"t'Y\v 1 amine
itrobenzene
~horone
-nitroohenol
4-dirnethvlohenol
is(2-chloroethoxv)rnethane
4-dichloroohenol
.2.4-trichlorobenzene
iaohthalene
~xachlorobutadiene
:..Ch 1 oro -m-creso 1
!!,·-~lorocvclooentadiene
I -tri ch 1 orcoheno 1 .,_
~-ch lororw,htha lene
,cenaohthv 1 ene
limethvl 0hthalate
! 6-dinitrotoluene
1cenaohthene
!.4-dinitrcohenol
!.4-dinitrotoluene
1-n i trooheno 1
fluorene
1-d'lloroohenvlohenvlether
~iethvl Dhthalate
s 6-dinitro-o-<resol
~i0henvlaniM
azobenzene
1-braTDDhenvlohenvlether
'\exachlon:lbenzene
:,entachloroohenol
)henanthrene
anthracene
dibutvl Dhthalate
f'luoranthene
J -Estimated value.
STATE LABORAT~Y OF PUBLJC HEALTH
P.O. BOX 28047 -306 N. WIUUNGTOH, ST., RAl.EI~. H.C. 27611
ORGAH!C Ml'UCAL ANALYSIS
LAB NO
FIELD#
TYPE ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
UNITS
In / :r.:; /"J
:
'I
I 4V'I // /,. ._-1"1
110/:f~e)
. <r./Jl,A9:J
10/~:,o
I
~
5o/J~~c
Jri/~:),rj
' "'v, /JI ,.,t:;/"J
JI')/~~~
,,
~ -Actual value is known to be less than value given.
( )
L .ctual value is known to be greater than value given .
J -Mterial was analyzed for but not detected. The nl.lT'ber is the ,.ininun Detection Limit. (7r11>L-)
~ -Hot analyzed. ---

-
1/ -Tentative identification. ~ -On NROC List of Priority Pollutants.
( )
B,. _ __..INEUTRAL AHO ACID
EXTRACTABLES
CJNPOJNO
-rene
•nzidine
1tvl benzvl ohthalate
mz (a lanthracene
,rvsene
3-dichlol"Obenzidine
s(2-ethvlhexvllohtha1ate
-n-octvl flhthalate
!nzo(blfluoranthene
mzo (le) fluoranthene
~nzo Cal ovrene
1deno(l 2 3-cdlovrene
benzo(a.hlanthracene
mzo(c h i lMr"Vlene
,i line
mzoic acid
mzvl alcohol
~ "Oani line
ilA --ofuran
~ 1 naohtha lene
~tnvlohenol
~thvlohenol
-nitroani 1 ine
-nitroani line
-ni troani 1 ine
., 5-tridllol"'OOhenol
STATE LABORATORY OF PUBLIC HEAL TH
P.O. BOX 28047 -306 H. WILNINCTOH, ST •• RALElGl, N.C. 27611
ORCAHIC OENICAl. ANALYSIS
LAB HO
FIELD #
TYPE ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
UNITS
Ir. I :f_?I'>
l~//Lt:n
Jr,/~~
,,
-z::h) f/,.9,
I l'U' ~:t.ri
JI')/~~/')
l..t;"11h1-~ll
I 'J
i; al~-&:r,
11/
lf"li~~I\
•
~' 'J;_t:::,,,
I ,11
l'T\~~
-~stimated value. t-1-:.O/ .SOI~
:tual value is lcnown to be less than value given.
( )
tual value is lcnown to be greater than value given.
-terial was analyzed for but not detected. The nint>er
, -Not analyzed. is the l'lininun Detection Limit. (r,il)L..) -

-
-' -Tentative identifiution.
' -On HROC List of Priority Pollut.ants .
( )
STATE IABORA.TORY OF PCBLlC ID!'.ALTB
PO BOX 28047-306 N. WILMINGTON ST .. RALEIGH. llC 27611
ORGAN.TC CffEfflt"'.ALANALYSIS
~
rlTRGEABlZ a>MPOVNDS JAB NO
i
FIELD NO
COKPOr:JND ffPE ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
''\~~ {p b ppb (Jf'tn ,=pb ppm_ ppb -ppm ppb pprn ppb ppm.
CH1.0llOKZTBAlff :J.O
1'!lf'T1. cm.oamz fl)
POIIOKZTJIAKI: ;iO
c:m.oao~ JO
TaJcm.oll0n.DOll011%T1!Aln JO
.ACffOIIZ ;;io
l.l•l>lc:m.DllOE'TUJff 5
IODOIJIJ:'T1IAl'l'E I
MZ'T1lnZn c:m.o11.n>r: I
CAJUOff DIStnnl>E I
TMl!S-l.2•DICBLOllOETXtn J,
ACJtn.Olffl'1ULZ ~
Dlcm.oaoZTBANZ -5
:&-BOT Al'IOIQ: :i_o
0S-l.2•DICH1.01l0~ 5
cm.oaorollll I I
1. l. l •fflc:m.01l01:THA.'ff I
CoUUIOff TrntACm.011.n>E I
IIEll%EJIE I
l,2•l>ICBLOllOETIIAln I
flUCBLOllOr:mPZ I
1.2-DICBLOllOPJlOPAll'r: I
SJlOIIODICHl.OllO~ ~ ..
C• P":.-~,r,~ w;fl c:.:."1,,.~,t-1P.nc-,-J cR. 8Ac.r.:.Cre.c .. ,-JC),
J • S■tiaated T&lue
~ • Actual T&lu■ i• bi.own to be le•• than Talue giTen.
L • Actual T&lu■ i• lc=wz:I to b■ greater than Talu■ giT■n.
~ • kat■rial ••• analyzed for ~t cot detected. ne number i• th■ Mizu.aua Detection Liait.
-. • •ct analyzed.
• ~ectativ■ id■Dtification.
-· -C.0Mf>e>u~P Rat~eL.'f O~TfC'j"FleL.f. CNI.:¥ IN ~l(?l,i CC'f'llc.£.NTR.fmc:NS. v -SAMPL£. Hl~L'f 01LLlT~o. "101!~ De ~ F+f PLY.
DE:e::NR 3065-0 (10/93)
( )
ppb ,:prr,
PORGCO?d.ORG
r
I
STATE IA.BORA.TORY OFftJBUC BEALTB
PO BOX 28047. S06 N. WJLIIINGTON ST .. RALEIGH. NC 27611
ORGANIC CBEMTCALANALYSIS
XGNBtl' Q>IIPOC7NDS IABNO
FIELD KO
COIIPOmvD TrPE ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
fF,~~!1 ppb ppm ppb pprfl r'pb p~ ppb FPtn ,q,t, ppm_
DDmOIIOKZTJIAKZ 5
4-KZ'T1ffl,S-PZlff.&JIOKZ ,o
m-1.s-Dtcm.oaon.orzn 5
TOU!tKE
ffAIIS-LS-l)lc:m.ollontOn:Jm
l.1.2.2-~ltOrrBA!n I
1.1.s-nuc:m.oaorrBAn '"v
S-IIJ:L\IIOKZ JC
TZ'TaACm.OllOETBEJIIZ 5
DlllllOII OCBl.OllOIICZTB.AJn I
rnrnzKE Dmll.Olm>E
-U.Oll0BZN%EKZ I
• -l.2•'ffl'11ACBL01l0ETBAKE
_. -'TI. IEffZZKZ
rnzns I
IT'TJtE1tE J;
BllOMOrOllll iO
~1.4--DICBLOll0-2-IUT'EffZ io
1.2.s-nuc:m.oaono,A!fE ..5
1,4-zm:m..011.oaz:lr%DE I
U•Dlc:m.oJlOBEJCZDE Ji
1,2•DmllOMO-S-CB1.0JlOPllOP.MZ c,10
'fflffl. .&CZT ATZ ;J.CJO
-C • i'C':"'.-">, r, LC LA e Cc.~M I )J .~ n~ N () P, B?tc.s;.c.-t<c u NJ).
J • S•tiaated Yalu•
~ -Actual Talue i• bowD to b• l••• tban ,...lu• vi••D.
L • Actual Talue i• bowD to b• vreater than ,...lu• vi••D.
fl -Material waa anal~ed for but DOt detected. '1'h• Duaber i• th• Ni.nJ.mml DetectioD Liait.
-Not &ZMLl~•d.
-~e:tatiTe identification.
-COMPoi.i.t-JC-RfLIA6LY Dctfc.TP.'6U::. O,H.Y iN MIG·H (er ICCNiJ::Ai l~>J."j_
v ·· :Sr1i➔P~r:: Hl{,·HLY ctLL;rt:r>. ~t)l..'J ~c >J-..7i"' P.f't"L.:-/.
DEBNR !068-0 (10/93)
( )
ppb ppm
PORGCOM.ORG
N. ··c. DEPARTPEHT OF ENVIRONMENT• HEALTH. & NATIJW. RESMCES
DIVISION OF ~TORY SERVICES, ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES SECTION
P.O. BOX 28047 -306 N. WIUIINGTON ST• RALEIGH. N.C. 27611
Laboratory No.-....:...-----fllllGEABLE CXJfFOONOS Date of Analysis ____ _
cx»IPOONO 119/l mlPOOND
Oichlorodifluoranethane .'Ch 1 oroben zene
Chloranethane -."Ethvlbenzene
.'V;nvl Chloride 1.1 1 2-Tetrachloroethane
8raiDTethane .'o-Xvlene
Chloroethane .'~Xvlene
Tr;chlorofluoranethane .'o-Xvlene
.'1. 1-Diehloroethvlene .'Stvrene
Methvlene Chloride Brcm:>form
tert-Butvl flethvl Ether I lbenzene
.'trans-1.2-Dichloroethvlene 1.1.2.2-Tetrachloroethane
I .. 1 ether 8raid>enzene
1.1-Dichloroethane n..Proovlbenzene
2.2-0ichlo ne 1.2. 3-Trich lo -ne
.'cis-1.2-Dichloroethvlene 2-Ch loroto 1 uene
Chloroform 1.3.5-Trimethvlbenzene
(BOO Brcm:>ch 1 oranethane 4-Chlorotoluene
.'1.1 1-Trichloroethane tert-Butvl Benzene
1.1-0ichlo ~ ~ne Pentachloroethane
Y'Carbon Tetrachloride 1 2 4-Trimethvlbenzene
.'Benzene sec-Butvl Benzene
.'1. 2-01 ch loroethane D-J ,,,ltoluene·
.'Trichloroethvlene 1 3-0ichlorobenzene
Y'l.2-0ichlo -----·ne .'1 4-0ichlorobenzene
Bl"O'l0dichloranethane n-Butvlbenzene
Dibn::norethane .'1.2-Dichlorobenzene
.'Toluene Bis C2~hloroisnnl"ttlvll Ether
1.1.2-Trichloroethane 1.2-0ibr"CJTD-3-Chlol"mrrmane
.'Tetrachloroethvlene 1.2.4-Trichlorobenzene
1.3-0ichlo-----·ne Hexachlorobutadiene
Dibrarochloranethane N.11nhthalene
1 2-0ibran:>ethane (EDS) 1.2 3-Trichlorobenzene
1-Chlorohexane
flDL -flininun Detection Umit for water (EPA Method 502.2), Is 1.D 119/l.
J -Estimated value.
IC -Actual value is known to be less than value given. L -Actual value is known to be greater than value given. U -Material was analyzed for but not detected.
NA -Not &nalyzed. 1/ -Tentative identification .
.' -Re9ulated VOC: T -Tr1halcmethane
N.C. Dept. of Enviromient, Health, & Natural Resources
DEHNR 3068-0 (Rev. 10/92 Laboratory Services)
11532E D-18
119/l
APPENDIX4
SAMPLING PLAN WORKSHEET
/; f~ vf fal£ SAMPLE LOCATION I MW-Ia-NEW EAST 2 MW-lb-NEW EAST 3 MW 2-EXISTING NW PCB LANDFILL SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS PLAN SAMPLE NUMBER SAMPLE TYPE ANALYSES GROUNDWATER PCB DIOXIN BN/AE voe METALS O11-IER GROUNDWATER PCB DIOXIN BN/AE voe METALS OTIIER GROUNDWATER PCB DIOXIN ... BN/AE voe METALS OTIIER CONTAINERS & NUMBER 2 titer amber 1 Triangle Labs 1 2-liter amber 1 40-ml septum cap 2 1 liter plastic 1 2 liter amber 1 Triangle Labs 1 2-titer amber 1 40-ml septum cap 2 1 liter plastic 1 2 titer amber 1 Triangle Labs 1 2-liter amber 1 40-ml septum cap 2 1 titer plastic 1
Page 2, PCB LANDFILL SAMPLING & ANALYSIS PLAN SAMPLE SAMPLE NUMBER SAMPLE TYPE ANALYSES CONTAINER& LOCATION NUMBER 4 MW 3-EXISTING GROUNDWATER PCB 2 liter amber 1 WEST DIOXIN Triangle Labs 1 BN/AE 2-liter amber 1 voe 40-ml sephun cap 2 METALS 1 liter plastic 1 OTHER 5 MW-Ja NEW WEST GROUNDWATER PCB 2 liter amber 1 DIOXIN Triangle Labs 1 BN/AE 2-liter amber 1 voe 40-ml sephun cap 2 METALS 1 liter plastic 1 OTHER 6 MW-4 EXISTING GROUNDWATER PCB 2 liter amber 1 SW DIOXIN Triangle Labs 1 BN/AE 2-liter amber 1 voe 40-ml sephun cap 2 METALS 1 liter plastic 1 .. OTHER 7 MW-4a NEW SW GROUNDWATER PCB 2 liter amber 1 DIOXIN Triangle Labs t BN/AE 2-liter amber t voe 40-ml sephun cap 2 METALS 1 liter plastic 1 OTHER
Page 3, PCB LANDFILL SAMPLING & ANALYSIS PLAN SAMPLE SAMPLE NUMBER SAMPLE TYPE ANALYSES CONTAINER& LOCATION NUMBER 8MW-5NEWN GROUNDWATER PCB 2 liter amber 1 DIOXIN Triangle Labs 1 BN/AE 2-titer amber 1 voe 40-ml septum cap 2 METALS 1 titer plastic 1 OTHER 9MW-5aNEWN GROUNDWATER PCB 2. titer amber 1 DIOXIN Triangle Labs 1 BN/AE 2-titer amber 1 voe 40-ml septum cap 2 METALS 1 liter plastic 1 OTHER 10 MW-6 NEW SE GROUNDWATER PCB 2 titer amber 1 DRAW DIOXIN Triangle Labs 1 BN/AE 2-liter amber 1 voe 40-ml septum cap 2 METALS 1 liter plastic 1 OTHER .. 11 MW-7NEW GROUNDWATER PCB 2 liter amber 1 SOUTH DIOXIN Triangle Labs 1 BN/AE 2-liter amber 1 voe 40-ml septum cap 2 METALS 1 titer plastic 1 OTHER
Page 4, PCB LANDFILL SAMPLING & ANALYSIS PLAN SAMPLE SAMPLE NUMBER SAMPLE TYPE ANALYSES CONTAINER& LOCATION NUMBER 12 MW-7aNEW GROUNDWATER PCB 2 liter amber 1 SOUTH DIOXIN Triangle Labs 1 BN/AE 2-liter amber 1 voe 40-ml septum cap 2 METALS 1 liter plastic 1 OTHER 13 MW-8NEWNE GROUNDWATER PCB 2 liter amber 1 DRAW DIOXIN Triangle Labs 1 BN/AE 2-liter amber 1 voe 40-ml septum cap 2 METALS 1 liter plastic t OTHER 14 MW-9NEWN. GROUNDWATER PCB 2 liter amber 1 DRAW DIOXIN Triangle Labs 1 BN/AE 2-liter amber 1 voe 40-ml septum cap 2 METALS 1 liter plastic 1 OTHER .. 15 MW-IONEWN GROUNDWATER PCB 2 liter amber 1 DRAW DIOXIN Triangle Labs 1 BN/AE 2-liter amber 1 voe 40-ml septum cap 2 METALS 1 liter plastic 1 OTHER
Page 5, PCB LANDFILL SAMPLING & ANALYSIS PLAN SAMPLE SAMPLE NUMBER SAMPLE TYPE ANALYSES CONTAINER& LOCATION NUMBER 16 BACKGROUND GROUNDWATER, PCB 2 titer amber 1 WELL 1 BACKGROUND DIOXIN Triangle Labs 1 BN/AE 2-titer amber 1 voe 40-ml septum cap 2 METALS I liter plastic I OTHER 17 BACKGROUND GROUNDWATER, PCB 2 liter amber 1 WELL2 BACKGROUND DIOXIN Triangle Labs 1 BN/AE 2-liter amber I voe 40-ml septum cap · 2 METALS I liter plastic I OTIJER 18 BACKGROUND GROUNDWATER, PCB 2 liter amber 1 WELL3 BACKGROUND DIOXIN Triangle Labs 1 BN/AE 2-liter amber 1 voe 40-ml septum cap 2 METALS 1 liter plastic 1 OTIJER l9LEACHATE LANDFILL LEA CHA TE PCB 2 liter amber 1 INLET DIOXIN Triangle Labs 1 BN/AE 2-liter amber 1 voe 40-ml septum cap 2 METALS 1 liter plastic I OTIJER
Page 6, PCB LANDFILL SAMPLING & ANALYSIS PLAN SAMPLE SAMPLE NUMBER SAMPLE TYPE ANALYSES CONTAINER& LOCATION NUMBER 20 LEACHATE LANDFILL LEA CHA TE PCB 2 liter amber 1 OUTLET DIOXIN Triangle Labs 1 BN/AE 2-liter amber 1 voe 40-ml septum cap 2 METALS t liter plastic 1 OTI-IER 21 SW-I SOUTH UT SURFACE WATER PCB 2 liter amber 1 NEW UNAMED TRIBUTARY DIOXIN Triangle Labs 1 O11--IER 22 SW-2 SOUTI-1 SURF ACE WATER PCB 2 liter amber 1 WESTUTNEW UNAMED TRIBUTARY DIOXIN Triangle Labs 1 O11--IER 23 UTUS EXISTING SURF ACE WATER PCB 2 liter amber t UNAMED TRIBUTARY DIOXIN Triangle Labs 1 O11-IER
Page 7, PCB LANDFILL SAMPLING & ANALYSIS PLAN SAMPLE SAMPLE NUMBER SAMPLE TYPE ANALYSES CONTAINER& LOCATION NUMBER 24 RCUS EXISTING SURF ACE WATER PCB 2 liter amber 1 (BELOW BRIDGE) RICHNECK CREEK DIOXIN Triangle Labs 1 ornER 25 RCDS EXISTING SURFACE WATER PCB 2 liter amber 1 RICHNECK CREEK DIOXIN Triangle Labs 1 OrnER 26RCUSNEW SURF ACE WATER PCB 2 liter amber 1 (ABOVE BRIDGE) RICHNECK CREEK DIOXIN Triangle Labs 1 OrnER 27 USSS-ABOVE SEDIMENT PCB 125 ml solid cap 1 BRIDGE ON ROAD DIOXIN Triangle Labs OrnER
Page 8, PCB LANDFILL SAMPLING & ANALYSIS PLAN SAMPLE SAMPLE NUMBER SAMPLE TYPE ANALYSES CONTAINER& LOCATION NUMBER 28 BB BELOW SEDIMENT PCB 125 ml solid cap I BRIDGE ON RC DIOXIN Triangle Labs I OTHER 29 SS-1 SE DRAW SEDIMENT PCB 125 ml solid cap I ONUT DIOXIN Triangle Labs I OTHER 30 SSND NORA W SEDIMENT PCB 125 ml solid cap 1 ONRC DIOXIN Triangle Labs I OTHER 31 PS-I OVERFLOW POND SOIL PCB I 25 ml solid cap I PIPE BASE DIOXIN Triangle Labs I ' OTHER
Page 9, PCB LANDFILL SAMPLING & ANALYSIS PLAN SAMPLE SAMPLE NUMBER SAMPLE TYPE ANALYSES CONTAINER& LOCATION NUMBER 32 PS-2 CENTER OF POND SOIL PCB 2 liter amber t POND DIOXIN Triangle Labs t OTHER 33 PS-3 DISCHARGE POND SOIL PCB 2 liter amber I PIPE OUTLET DIOXIN Triangle Labs t OTHER 34 TRIP I BLANK PCB 2 liter amber I BLANK DIOXIN Triangle Labs 1 BN/AE 2-liter amber 1 voe 40-ml septum cap 2 METALS t liter plastic I OTHER 35 TRIP2 BLANK PCB 2 liter amber t BLANK DIOXIN Triangle Labs t BN/AE 2-liter amber I voe 40-ml septum cap 2 METALS I liter plastic I OTHER
Page 10, PCB LANDFILL SAMPLING & ANALYSIS PLAN SAMPLE SAMPLE NUMBER SAMPLE TYPE ANALYSES CONTAINER& LOCATION NUMBER 36 SOIL I SOIL BLANK PCB 125 ml solid cap 1 DIOXIN Triangle Labs 1 OTHER 37 WATER 1 WATER BLANK PCB 2 liter amber 1 DIOXIN Triangle Labs I OTHER 38 WATER2 WATER BLANK PCB 2 liter amber 1 DIOXIN Triangle Labs 1 OTI-IER 39WATER3 WATER BLANK PCB 2 liter amber 1 DIOXIN Triangle Labs 1 OTHER
Page 11, PCB LANDFILL SAMPLING & ANALYSIS PLAN SAMPLE SAMPLE NUMBER SAMPLE TYPE ANALYSES CONTAINER& LOCATION NUMBER 40HYDROPA SOIL FROM SEEPING PCB 2 liter amber 1 AREA ON OUTSIDE OF DIOXIN Triangle Labs 1 LANDFILL OTHER 41 LANDFILL SOILS SOIL AND SEDIMENT PCB 125 ml solid cap 1 SAMPLES FROM VENT DIOXIN Triangle Labs 1 PIPE IN LANDFILL: BN/AE 2-liter amber 1 DRY SAMPLE voe 40-ml septum cap 2 METALS 1 liter plastic 1 OTHER 42 LANDFILL SOILS SOIL AND SEDIMENT PCB 125 ml solid cap 1 SAMPLES FROM VENT DIOXIN Triangle Labs 1 PIPE IN LANDFILL: BN/AE 2-liter amber 1 WET SAMPLE voe 40-ml septum cap 2 METALS 1 titer plastic 1 OTHER .. 43 SANDFIL TER SOIL/SAND/SEDIMENT DIOXIN 125 mt solid cap 1 FROM THE SAND BN/AE Triangle Labs 1 FILTER BED voe 2-liter amber 1 METALS 40-ml septum cap 2 OTHER 1 liter plastic I
Page 12, PCB LANDFILL SAMPLING & PLAN SAMPLE SAMPLE NUMBER SAMPLE TYPE ANALYSES CONTAINER& LOCATION NUMBER 44 CARBON FILTER CARBON/SEDIMENT PCB 125 ml solid cap 1 FROM CARBON FILTER DIOXIN Triangle Labs 1 BED BN/AE 2-liter amber 1 voe 40-ml septum cap 2 METALS 1 liter plastic 1 OTHER ..
APPEND/XS
STANDARD FORMS
APPENDIX6
APPLICABLE PORTIONS OF
SAMPLING PROTOCOL
APPENDIX7
L~TOFSAMPLINGEQUIPMENT
APPENDIX8
SUPPLEMENTAL PCB LANDFILL
FIELD SAMPLING PLAN
PCB LANDFILL SUPPLEMENTAL
SITE INVESTIGATION PLAN
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 PURPOSE
2.0 SITE SETTING AND HYDROGEOLOGY
2.1 Regional Geology
2.2 Site Geology
3.0 SUPPLEMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS
3. I Landfill System
3 .2 Groundwater/Soils
3 .2.1 Locations
3.2.2 Monitoring Well Designffesting Procedures
3.2.3 Drilling Procedures
3.3 Surface Water
3 .4 Stream Sediments
3.5 Surface Geophysics
4.0 REPORTING
FIGURES
2-1 Site Location with respect to Regional Geology
2-2 Anticipate Groundwater Flow Paths
3-1 Proposed Sample Locations and Cross Section Traces
3-2 Cross Section A-A'
3-3 Cross Section B-B'
3-4 Cross Section C-C'
3-5 Cross Section D-D'
3-6 Site Hydrograph
3-7 Proposed Monitoring Well Design
APPENDICES
A Triangulation Analysis ofLithologic Contact
Existing Soil Boring Logs and Well Completion Records
Water Level Data
95-017.00
SIPTOC.DOC
-1-
Page No.
1-1
2-1
2-1
2-2
3-1
3-1
3-2
3-2
3-4
3-5
3-13
3-14
3-14
4-1
1.0 Purpose
Barnes, Ferland and Associates, Inc. (BFA), in association with the North Carolina Division of
Solid Waste Management, has developed the following "Supplemental Site Investigation Plan"
(Plan) to acquire more detailed information for detennining the environmental impact associated
with the landfill and for planning the scope of the remedial design and detoxification program.
The objectives of this Plan are to determine the:
• Geological setting including definition of soil and rock types, permeable and confining
layers, fractures and faults, hydraulic properties and potential contamination pathways;
• Direction and rate of groundwater and surface water flows and seasonal water table
variations;
• Location and extent (both vertical and horizontal) of soil and groundwater
contamination;
• Quality of surface water where it first appears from the ground water system in selected
major draws surrounding the site; and,
• Quality of stream sediment in areas where sedimentation is most likely to occur.
In February, 1995 the State developed a proposal to update the existing groundwater monitoring
network by installing three deep monitoring wells and one additional shallow monitoring well. In
October of 1995 the plan was reviewed by George Bain, P.G., who also recommended additional
spatial coverage both in shallow and deep zones. Mr. Bain' s review also emphasized the difficulty
of developing a groundwater monitoring system to detect the migration of contaminants in
fractured rock.
95-017.00
secl.doc
1-1
We agree with the recommendations of both the State and Mr. Bain, and have incorporated their
concerns into the scope of this investigation.
The objectives will be achieved through the drilling, testing and sampling associated with
upgrading of the current monitoring network. This will include up to an additional eight (8)
monitoring wells located in close proximity to the landfill, a minimum of four (4) wells located in
the draw features and three (3) background wells located outside of the landfill' s flow system.
This supplement also includes three (3) additional surface water sample locations and four (4)
stream sediment samples.
This document is submitted as a supplement to the existing Sampling Plan and therefore focuses
on the justification for and procedures necessary to properly collect the proposed additional
samples.
The State's Generic and site specific health and safety plans (HASP), as well as the project's
Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP) are all adopted as a part of this supplement.
95.01-.00
sec I.doc
1-2
2.0 Site Setting and Hydrogeology
2.1 Regional Geology
The Warren County PCB Landfill is within the Piedmont physiographic province (Fennemon,
1928). The area is underlain by metamorphic rocks and is characterized by rolling hills and
V-shaped valleys. Ridges in the area of metamorhic rocks trend north to northeast, similar to
the regional structural trend of strike in the metamorphic rocks (May and Thomas, 1968).
The site lies within the drainage basin of the Tar River and more locally of its tributary
Fishing Creek. The site location with respect to regional geology is given in Figure 2-1 .
Warren County's geology is dominated by granitic/plutons and zones of gneisses and schists
which strike northeastward approximately parallel to the elongation of the granitic intrusions.
In general, the zones of ngeiss adjoin the areas of granite outcrop, _.and the schists in Warren
County are east of the gneiss zone. The area north, northeast of Warrenton is an exception
in that the mica schist adjoins the granite (May and Thomas, 1968; Figure 5, Geologic Map
of the Raleigh area, North Carolina). The subject site appears to lie near the boundary
between the mica gneiss and mica schist zones east of Afton, N.C.
The strike of bedding plains, foliation, and cleavage in Warren County is predominantly
north-northeast; the dip is predominantly northwest. These rock fabric features greatly affect
the groundwater flow pathways by creating preferential zones of intergranular porosity along
bedding plains, foliation, cleavage and fractures (Freeze and Cherry, 1979).
May and Thomas ( 1968) discuss the water bearing properties of the various rock units in
their study area (greater Raleigh area). In general, wells in the mica schist are more
productive than the mica gneiss. In both rock units, water flows structural features such as
joints, fractures, and foliation plains. Average yield of wells in the mica gneiss was 16 gpm,
and in the mica schist yield averaged 19 gpm.
95-0/i.00
sec2.doc
2-1
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ROCK TYPES IN LANDFILL VICINITY
GNF Gneiss, felsic Mainly granitic gneiss; light-colored to gray, fine-to
coarse-grained rocks, usually with distinct layering
and foliation, often interlayered with mafic gneisses
and schists.
MIF Metaigocous, felsic Light colored, massive to foliated metamorphosed
bodies of varying assemblages of felsic intrusive rock
types; local shearing and jointing arc common.
~~Environmental Conaultanta
••m••• flerl•nd •nd "-••ocl•t••• Inc.
14al')----
SITE LOCATION
REGIONAL
WITH RESPECT TO
GEOLOGY
Topography also affected yield of wells. Generally, wells on hills were least productive;
wells in flat or sloped areas were more productive, and wells in draws (narrow, small
depressions) being most productive. This correlation of well yield with the topography may
be reflective of underlying geologic structure and degree of weathering of the parent rock.
Hills represent areas underlain by more resistant rock and may be capped by more resistant,
less fractured rocks, such as quartzite.
Weathering of the parent rocks occurs during movement and infiltration of water along
structural features such as fractures, bedding plains, cleavage plains and foliation.
Consequently, the more abundant and closely spaced such features, the greater the tendency
of parent rock to weather and vice versa. The zone of weathering nearest unweathered
parent rock may consist of large disaggregated crystals of minerals found in the parent rock
with little alteration (saprolite). This grades upward into zones of more intense weathering,
resulting in soil, in the common sense, which consists of clay, silt, sand and mixtures of those
components.
The overview of regional geology and hydrology indicates that groundwater flow at the
subject site is probably greatest within the saprolite zone in the vicinity of topographic draws.
2.2 Site Geology
The 142 acre site is near the nose of a NE trending ridge, whose general elevations are
greater than 330 feet (NGVD). Part of the approximately 4-acre fill area are within the 340
feet (NGVD) contour which fonns a small local closed high on the nose of the ridge.
Surface drainage to Richneck Creek to the NW/NINE and E and to an unnamed tributary to
the SISE.
The site is underlain by a related sequence of mica schists, according to the North Carolina
Geological Survey and the USGS report "Geology and Ground-Water Resources in the
Raleigh Area, NC". Rocks that compose this complex of mica schists exhibit layering, but
95-0/-00
sec2.doc
2-2
-....
attitude and composition of individual zones cannot be observed in the site area because of
deep weathering. Data from auger holes at the site indicate the following general sequence
of weathered strata: Land surface to I 0-20 feet -Red-brown micaceous fine sandy clay; 10-
20 feet to bottom of hole (max depth about 40 feet) -Brown micaceous sandy clay to sandy
silt to clayey.
The above materials are thoroughly decomposed native rock; formed in place by chemical
weathering and characterized by preservation of structures that were present in the
unweathered rock. These materials are also referred to as "residual soils".
The depth to partially weathered rock or to fresh bedrock is not known at the site. However,
it is believed to vary across the site deepening towards the northwest. This assessment is
based on several factors including:
a. Existing boring log # I which encountered weathered rock at approximately 41 feet;
b. The log for MW-2 which encountered no weathered rock at a lower elevation;
c. Field observation of rock outcrops south and southeast of the landfill with no
corresponding outcrops north-northwest at similar elevations; and,
d. Triangulation of the contact _between the red-brown clay matrix and the brown-tan silt
matrix. This contact has a strike which is northeast and dips at a slope of I foot per 50
feet in the northwest direction. This analysis is presented in Appendix A.
Partially weathered rock, as used herein, refers to the zone between thoroughly weathered
residual soils above to fresh bedrock below. The term saprolite is often applied to this zone.
For the sake of consistency with other documents prepared for this landfill, we have also
used the term saprolite to refer to that zone. Permeability in saprolite zone has been
enhanced by fracture/weathering processes, and it is commonly the most permeable zone in
95-01 ~.00
sec:!.doc
2-3
the vertical section. This enhanced permeability is often exploited by seating well casing
within or immediately below the partially weathered zone. The water table commonly occurs
in the overlying residual soils but may occur or fluctuate within the saprolite. Because of its
higher transmissivity, this zone should be considered an avenue to transmit contaminants.
The natural water table in this area should be a subdued expression of the surface
topography; that is, mounded under the ridge with highest gradients toward the
topographically low areas in general N and S directions and lower gradients to the E/NE.
Height of this mound, which represents the water table, would depend on such factors as
vertical and lateral permeability of the residual soils/saprolitic materials; distance to points of
natural discharge; and duration and magnitude of recharge events. A smaller mound related
to the closed 340 feet contour may occur under part of the site area.
Recharge to the mound, or groundwater reservoir, occurs by downward infiltration through
the unsaturated zone to the water table, where the infiltrating fluid becomes groundwater.
General circulation of groundwater in this environment is downward from the water table to
the zone of partially weathered bedrock, then laterally to points of areas of eventual
discharge (usually streams or springs under natural conditions). Deeper circulation below the
partially weathered zone is usually limited by rapidly decreasing occurrence of interconnected
fractures with depth in underlying fresh bedrock. Thus the most commonly expected
groundwater flow path is predominately downward from the water table to the saprolite
zone, then predominantly in the lateral direction to discharge areas (Figure 2-2). Discharge
has been observed as would be expected emerging from the walls of the major draws in the
saprolite zone. Deviations in this idealized flow path may occur related to inhomogeneities in
the residual soils. In layered strata, as an example, differences in permeability may result in
lateral flow components beginning to predominate above the saprolite zone, thus resulting in
shortening the groundwater flow path and discharge to contact springs on the adjacent valley
wall above the partially weathered rock.
95-01700
secJ.doc
2-4
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01-20-1997 2:16 PM
WARREN COUNTY PCB LANDFILL
ANTICIPATED PREFERENTIAL FLOW PATHS
FIGURE
2-2
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NORTH A ClAYEY 'r~: 354' V Antlclpo. ted Approx. Loco. tlon of' Groundwo. ter Divide PCB LANDFILL 337' 316' I . I . .I .. 30' ··1 .· · r ·. ---4-. . --·--t-~----_._·_;,;.·-.,.;.-;;-.---.. . t .·· ..... --320' 310' ~~~-.. ~ ...... .-300' --.......... 40'1" -----. ------SANDY 'SILTS c::-;,u~. I . . . r-:-___ -, SILTY SAND . ~ · · ·. 292' · 50 290; ·. @ TS . . T.D · Proposed New So.rlple Points .Ttl.:.47. NOTES: ~o.ter Level Meo.sure!"lents on October 1995 (Do.shed Areo.s o.re Inferecl) Bo.sec! on Do. to. Received Frol"l Sto. te Files 60'. 100' 250' 240' ,JfilJJ!? A Environmental Consultants 181Jf!'ll'D§e, !Fef!'8111TDdl 11ntd &.ee~c611a,;e, U/1'8c. 0 0 ~ HORIZONTAL 200' VERTICAL 25' 400' 50' SOUTH A' 01-21-1997 08•57 AM Generalized North -South Cross Section of the WARREN COUNlY PCB LANDFILL FIGURE 3-2
TS D TD PCB LANDFILL • SANDY SIL TS 1S. ;_;_ .. ~ILJY ·. S~ND .• •· . ~ .: . ·: -~ ·:-0-:-·-:--~ ~ . ~-----340' 330' 310'. . 300' . -·'...:i.anr··: .; .. ,..· ·-. ~,-~ .... · ···· ... · ··--:.... l))77})95>~)}>7))7~J.JJ~).):d)7))77>1>)7~~~7>>7>>7>>7))7},)~ TD @ Proposed New So.Mple Points NOTES: ~o.ter Level Meo.sureMents on October 1995 (Do.shed Areo.s a.re Inferred) Bo.sea on Do. to. Received Frol"'l Sta. te Files SCHIST ~~Environmental Consultants ~eu-011••, !Ferle011tD emil ~••ocleU••, 8011c. 0 0 D' ~ HORIZONTAL 200' VERTICAL 25' 400' 50' 0l-~1-1997 09,20 AM Generalized Cross Section 0-0' WARREN COUNTY PCB LANDFILL FIGURE 3-5
354' B 337' Leo.cho.te SysteM 316' ' .. · · .. ·· . ..., ', ···· .. : . . .. . . ... -_ -._-~-::._~_~i~~~-.:. . ~--:--4B-k----:-------So.ndy Sitts . :: .... ~--:-·-.----.-:----TD 80 ® PROPOSED NEV SAMPLE POINTS NOTES: Vo. ter Level Meo.sureMents on October 1995 (Do.shed Areo.s a.re Inferred) Bo.secl on Do. to. Received FroM Sta. te Files -. Sil tv ~ .· . . . ·320· 270 260 .I.Silty. Clo. Y.. . .. Cloyey· Si.lts · · . ''i . ' ~ A Environmental Consultants /81)/!l!D~", IF•l!Dl!ll'Dd l!Ydd ~""~,:611~•", Dose. B' 0 0 .s..c8LE. HORIZONTAL 200· VERTICAL 25' 400' 50' 01-21-1997 09113 AM Generalized 8-B' Cross Section of the WARREN COUN1Y PCB LANDFILL FIGURE 3-3
@ NOTES: C TS . I· ·. _.-.:...:-.~. Proposecl New SuMple Points Vuter Level MeusureMents on October 1995 (Dushecl Areos ore Inferrecl) Busecl on Duto Receivecl FroM Stute Files .3Q.'. ,I .. 40' JS 80' 90' ····· ·+, 3111 =-:,-,.._ ')~· --~. · .. ' :. ·--'--~ · • 320'. . 10' 270' 260' 250' ~~Environmental Consultants ~1Jrrwec, lrerr01Jlll)d 1Jm.i ~cc@c611flec, Owe. 0 0 cl ~ HORIZONTAL 200' VERTICAL 25' 400' 50' 01-21-1997 09•15 AM Generalized Cross Section C-C' WARREN COUNTY PCB LANDFILL FIGURE 3-4
95-01-.00
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southeast. As can be seen from cross-sections A-A', B-B', C-C ' and D-D' (Figures 3-2
through 3-5), these wells are all situated down gradient from the PCB landfill although
MW-6 may only receive intermitant flow.
As discussed in Site Hydrogeology, it is very difficult, if not impossible, to develop a
monitoring network which will capture I 00% of the flow in a fractured rock system.
These four wells are positioned to minimize the guess work. The orientation of the draw
features which surround the site is dictated by fractures. Enhanced directional
groundwater flow will occur along these fractures. By locating monitoring wells within
these features we have an extremely high probability of detecting groundwater flow as it
leaves the landfill site area. Proposed monitoring wells MW-6, MW-8, MW-9 and MW-
IO are positioned to intercept groundwater flow along these features.
It appears that four to five draws may intersect the filled area. Because of the uncertainty
of flow patterns leading to these draws, it is important that they be monitored with wells
located as close to where groundwater erninates from them as possible, but far enough
away to intercept flow during low flow periods. We recommend the wells be installed at
about the 300 ft . to 320 ft. elevation.
With the exception of YOCs, surface water collected within these draw features should
have the same quality characteristics as that of the groundwater; however, the monitoring
wells are needed so that samples may still be collected during low flow periods.
Background groundwater samples from three wells located outside of the landfill
groundwater and surface water flow system are also proposed. At least one of these
wells will be screened at the water table. The other two will be screened within the
saprolite zone. The wells will be designated BG-I, 2 and 3. The location of these
proposed wells are also given in Figure 3-1 . These background wells will enable proper
technical review of data collected at the remaining locations, by allowing us to filter out
3-3
Thus, in summation, this is a very localized groundwater flow system in that all recharge to
the mound underlying the ridge occurs from infiltration from the ridge, and most discharge
occurs to adjacent valleys of Richneck Creek and its unnamed tributary. Deep circulation
within the bedrock to eventual discharge in more distant areas is not expected. The most
probable flow path for groundwater is downward to the partially weathered zone, then
predominantly in lateral direction to the nearby discharge areas. This idealized flow path may
be, in part, short circuited by inhomogeneities in the materials above the partially weathered
zone, in which case discharge would occur at higher elevations in the adjacent valleys.
The foregoing analysis of the local geology topography, and hydrology when considered in
combination with regional factors discussed in Section 2.1 indicates that the most suitable
sampling locations will be focused in the draws at the margins of the hills on which the site
rests. These locations will be supplemented by vertical well clusters next to the landfill and
by surface water and sediment in the creeks. As shown in Figure 3-1, existing monitor well
MW-4 is near the head of one draw. Proposed monitor wells in draws include MW-4B
(paired with MW-4), MW-6, MW-8, MW-9 and MW-10. Vertical clusters MW-5A/B, MW-
IA/B, and MW-7 A/B will be installed next to the landfill, and MW-3B is proposed as a
vertical extent well paired with existing well MW-3 . All wells, except MW-8, are situated on
or near the cross-sections which were prepared primarily from previous soil borings. Cross-
sections A-A' and C-C' are generally north-south, B-B' is oriented east-west and DD' is
oriented along the anticipated direction strike northeast-southwest. The information
presented by the cross sections is _discussed in Section 3. Three background monitoring wells
will be constructed within the quadrants indivated on Figure 3-1 . They will be outside of the
anticipated sphere of groundwater influence but within a mile of the landfill . They will be
completed to the same monitoring zone as the proposed monitoring wells.
95-oror;
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2-5
3.0 Supplemental Investigations
Additional sample collection is needed to comply with the regulatory requirements and to obtain
current data for planning remedial activities. The supplemental sampling generally involves
sampling and analyses of groundwater, surface water and sediment from existing stations and
several additional locations (Figure 3-1). All sampling and testing procedures will be conducted
in accordance with the existing Sampling Plan and the USEP A Region IV Environmental
Investigations Standard OperatinE? Procedures and Quality Assurance Manual, dated May, 1996
(SOPs). Analytical testing requirements are discussed in Section 6.
3.1 Landfill System
It is important that ·some continuity with the previous analysis be maintained to establish
trends whenever possible. The establishment of trends is critical to our ability to determine
the real potential threat associated with migration of contaminants. It is particularly
important that locations which tested above detection levels be reanalyzed. We will
therefore, repeat the initial round of sampling for all locations and corresponding matrices
(see the current Sampling Plan) excluding soil samples collected on the landfill cap.
These locations include the leachate inlet and outlet, the settling pond overflow pipe base,
soil at the center of the pond and the discharge pipe outlet. A sample of the landfill contents
will also be collected from the central gas vent. It is particularly important to continue to
regularly analyze the landfill contents, which will enable continued evaluation of the natural
biodegradation process.
Further analysis of landfill cap materials is not warranted because it was properly addressed
previously and there is a low potential for it to be contaminated. Reanalysis of MW-1 is not
recommended because the well screens appear to be plugged. This is discussed in more
detail later.
95-or.ou
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3-1
3. 2 Groundwater/Soils
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3.2.1 Locations
Two additional deep groundwater samples from wells adjacent to MW-3 and MW-4 .
These wells will yield samples from the weathered rock (saprolite) zone (Figure 3-2 and
3-3, cross section A-A' and B-B'). These wells which will be designated MW-3B and 4B
are important to establish the vertical flow component at key existing locations. The new
hydraulic and groundwater quality data will be compared to that of the existing wells at
those locations. Comparison of these data will give us an indication of the relative
transmissivity of each zone and how much of the recent recharge reaches the saprolite
zone.
Water table and saprolite zone groundwater samples will also be obtained at locations
directly north, south and east of the landfill within 25 feet of the landfill footprint. These
three clusters of wells which will be designated MW-IA,B, MW-5A,B and MW-7A,B are
critical to the establishment of a proper flow net for the immediate vicinity of the landfill .
They will also yield key water quality data from areas directly adjacent to the landfill in
the currently anticipated flow paths (Figure 2-2).
As can be seen from cross section B-B' (Figure 3-3) proposed cluster MW-I is located in
an area where the anticipated depth to the saprolite zone is approximately 40 feet.
Therefore, a single monitoring well may sufice at this location. By contrast, proposed
cluster MW-5, cross section C-C' (Figure 3-4) is in an area where the depth to bedrock
in relation to water levels may require both MW-SA _and 5B be installed. Proposed
cluster MW-7 does not intersect a cross section; however, the subsurface lithology is
expected to be similar to that ofMW-4 which can be seen in cross section A-A'.
Groundwater samples will also be collected in the three major draws located to the north,
northeast and northwest of the landfill and in the one major draw located to the
3-2
95-01 7.00
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the contaminants which might exist within the groundwater outside of the influences of
the landfill .
The environmental drilling will be accomplished by either the Hollow Stem Auger or
Rotary drilling method. Soil samples will be collected using split spoon samplers
following Standard Penetration Test Procedures (STP) outlined in ASTM D1586-84.
It is anticipated that nine (9) soil borings will be performed; one at each proposed well
location. At least four of the borings will be used as a lithology test boring, complete
with continuous sampling to competent rock per ASTM D1586-84. The soil will be
closely classified to identify geologic properties. The soil samples from the test boring at
monitoring well locations 1, 5 and 7 will be collected from below the base elevation of
the landfill and above the water table in the silty clay strata (about 30 feet deep), within
the sandy silt strata (about 50 feet deep) and within the saptolite zone. Soil will be
collected in the remaining five borings at five-feet intervals or change in lithology. It is
recommended that two soil samples from each test boring directly adjacent to the landfill
and from each of the background wells will be analyzed for PCB's and Dioxins.
3 .2.2 Monitorim! Well Design Considerations0 >
The following sections on monitoring well design and construction are para-phrased largely
from Section 6 of EPA Region 4 SOPs.
The design and installation of permanent monitoring wells involves drilling into various
types of geologic formations that exhibit varying subsurface conditions. Designing and
installing permanent monitoring wells in this environment may require several different
drilling methods and installation procedures. The selection of drilling methods and
installation procedures is based on field data collected during a hydrogeologic site
investigation and/or a search of existing data. Each permanent monitoring well will be
3-4
95-or.oo
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designed and installed to function properly throughout the duration of the monitoring
program. In designing these monitoring wells, we have considered the following:
• short-and long-term objectives;
• purpose(s) of the well(s);
• probable duration of the monitoring program;
• contaminants likely to be monitored;
• types of well construction materials to be used;
• surface and subsurface geologic conditions;
• properties of the aquifer(s) to be monitored;
• well screen placement;
• general site conditions; and
• potential site health and safety hazards.
0> Information contained under this subsection is taken from the EISOPQAM, May,
1996. Figure 3-7 shows the proposed monitoring well design.
3.2.3 Drilling Procedures
The preferred drilling procedure for installing permanent monitoring wells is the hollow-
stem auger method. However, site conditions may not always be amenable to using the
hollow-stem auger method. When this occurs, alternate methods will be selected that
will perform the job equally as well. The following discussion of methods and procedures
for designing and installing monitoring wells will cover the different aspects of selecting
materials, drilling boreholes, and installing monitoring devices.
Currently only four monitor wells exist at this site. Figure 3-6 and Appendix A show that
the water level in MW-2 is consistently lower than the other wells and that the highest
water level varies seasonally in MW-1 , 3 and 4. However, review of the data provided
indicates the MW-1 has failed to respond to changes in water levels since approximately
3-5
Vented Cop -----....
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-t.
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4
-1
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, o·
SCALE : NOT TO SCALE
,,------Moster Lock
Concrete Pod ( 4'x4'x6")
,------2" or 4" Stainless Steel
Pipe (Schedule 10)
Grout
.------Silica Fine Groined Sand
...------2" or 4" Stainless Steel
Screen with 0.01 O"
V-Shaped Wire Wrap
...------Silica Sand Filter Pock
....
_JBIJ!f:, __ ~_'6_..;..E....:.nvf.;_,;ro_nme.;,;..ntal_Co_na_u_ltanta-....J ._ __________________ ____.I [ Fl3GUR7E I ••mN, Ferland and ANoclatH, Inc. PROPOSED MONITORING WELL DESIGN
4«771-
95-01'.".00
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December, 1994 and prior to that consistently lagged tpe other wetrs. This may be the
result of a plugged well screen, but underscores the importance of having a proper well
design in order to collect representative environmental data.
Since the landfill lies on a ridge crest, ground water is expected to flow radially outward
from the site. All of the proposed wells will assist in better defining the direction of
ground water flow. They will be surveyed and static water levels measured in addition to
existing well measurements. This information will be used to better define the water table
contours, flow direction and gradient at the site.
Each of the proposed well clusters would include two wells installed adjacent to one
another and screened at different intervals. Within each cluster one well should be
screened at the water table but to capture the seasonally low water elevation and the
other should be screened within the saprolite zone irnmedi~tely above the bedrock
surface. All new permanent monitor wells should then be sampled and tested in
accordance with the attached Sampling Plan.
All field work shall be conducted in conformance with accepted engineering and geologic
practices as well as the EPA Region IV SOP No. 6.0, the Groundwater Section's
Guidelines for the Investigation and Remediation of Soils, and Groundwater and the
Hazardous Waste Section's Sample Collection Guidance Document. Well installation
shall be in conformance with the North Carolina Well Construction Standards. A site
safety plan shall be developed and followed by all field personnel. All appropriate
decontamination procedures documented in the references above shall be followed.
During the installation of each boring/well, a qualified hydrogeologist shall be present and
a boring log completed for each well. Split spoon samples shall be collected at each
change in lithology and where there has been a significant change in the
penetration/drilling resistance. Soil cuttings shall be containerized until the analyses of
3-6
95-01 -00
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ground water samples have been received from the laboratory. At such time, the
appropriate disposal option shall be selected.
The Hollow-Stem Auger (HSA) drilling method is preferred for the installation of the
proposed monitoring wells. This method uses a hollow, steel stem or shaft with a
continuous, spiralled steel flight, welded onto the exterior side of the stem, connected to
an auger bit and when rotated transports cuttings to the surface. This method is best
suited in soils that have a tendency to collapse when disturbed. A monitoring well can be
installed inside of hollow-stem augers with little or no concern for the caving potential of
the soils and/or water table. However, retracting augers in caving sand conditions while
installing monitoring wells can be extremely difficult, especially since the augers have to
be extracted without being rotated. If caving sands exist during monitoring well
installations, a drilling rig must be used that has enough power to extract the augers from
the borehole without having to rotate them. A bottom plug, trap door, or pilot bit
assembly can be fastened onto the bottom of the augers to keep out most of the soils
and/or water that have a tendency to clog the bottom of the augers during drilling.
Potable water (analyzed for contaminants of concern) may be poured into the augers
(where applicable) to equalize pressure so that the inflow of formation materials and
water will be held to a minimum when the bottom plug is released. Water-tight center
plugs are not acceptable because they create suction when extracted from the augers.
This suction forces or pulls cuttings and formation materials into the augers, defeating the
purpose of the centerplug. Augering without a center plug or pilot bit assembly is
pennitted, provided that the soil plug, formed in the bottom of the augers, is removed
before sampling or installing well casings. Removing the soil plug from the augers can be
accomplished by washing out the plug using a side discharge rotary bit, or augering out
the plug with a solid-stem auger bit sized to fit inside the hollow-stem auger. The type of
bottom plug, trap door, or pilot bit assembly proposed for the drilling activity must be
approved by a senior field geologist prior to drilling operations.
3-7
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Other drilling methods such as solid-stem auger, water air and mud rotary, may be
employed if the subsurface conditions are such that HSA cannot be used.
This method is used in unconsolidated soils and semi-consolidated (weathered rock) soils,
but not in competent rock. It can be employed without introducing foreign materials into
the borehole such as water and drilling fluids, minimizing the potential for cross
contamination, which is one of the most important factors to consider when selecting the
appropriate drilling method(s) for a project.
After all wells are completed, hydraulic conductivity value(s) will be developed for the
aquifer. A minimum of six slug tests or one pumping test shall be performed in order to
develop the hydraulic conductivity value(s) at selected permeable zones. The specific
wells to be used in the aquifer testing shall be selected after an evaluation of the soil
sample descriptions has been completed.
Other Methods
Other methods such as the cable-tool method, the jetting method, the boring (bucket
auger) method, and various sonic drilling methods are available. If these and/or other
methods are selected for monitoring well installations, they should be approved by a
senior field geologist before field work is initiated.
Borehole Construction
Annular Space -The borehole shall be of sufficient diameter so that well construction can
proceed without major difficulties. To assure an adequate size, a minimum 2-inch
annular space is required between the casing and the borehole wall ( or the hollow-stem
auger wall). An 8-inch borehole is required to install a 4-inch outside diameter (OD)
casing. However, if the inside diameter (ID) of the casing is 4 inches, the borehole will
have to be larger than 8-inches to include the 2-inch annular space and the outside
3-8
95-01 7.00
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diameter (OD) of the casing (4 inch ID plus the casing wall thickness). The 2-inch
annular space around the casing will allow the filter pack, bentonite pellet seal, and the
annular grout to be placed at an acceptable thickness. Also, the 2-inch annular space will
allow up to a 1.5-inch (OD) tremie tube to be used for placing the filter pack, pellet seal,
and grout at the specified intervals. An annular space less than the 2-inch minimum will
not be acceptable. For a conservative design, when installing a well inside of
hollow-stem augers, the inside diameter (ID) of the augers is the area to be considered
when determining the 2-inch annular space.
Overdrilling the Borehole -Sometimes it is necessary to overdrill the borehole so that any
soils that have not been removed or that have fallen into the borehole during augering
retrieval, will fall to the bottom of the borehole below the depth where the filter pack and
well screen are to be placed. Normally, 3 to 5 feet is sufficient for overdrilling. The
borehole can also be overdrilled to allow for an extra space or a "sump" area below the
well screen. This "sump" area provides a space to attach a 5 or 10 foot section of well
casing to the bottom of the well screen. The extra space or "sump" below the well screen
serves as a catch basin or storage area for sediment that flows into the well and drops out
of suspension. These "sumps" are added to the well screens when the wells are screened
in aquifers that are naturally turbid and will not yield clear formation water (free of visible
sediment) even after extensive development. The sediment can then be periodically
pumped out of the "sump" preventing the well screen from clogging or "silting up". If
the borehole is overdrilled deeper than desired, it can be backfilled to the designed depth
with bentonite pellets or the filter sand that is to be used for the filter pack.
Filter Pack Placement -When placing the filter pack into the borehole, a minimum of 6-
inches of the filter pack material should be placed under the bottom of the well screen to
provide a firm footing and an unrestricted flow under the screened area. Also, the filter
pack should extend a minimum of 2-feet above the top of the well screen. The filter pack
should be placed by the tremie or positive displacement method. Placing the filter pack
3-9
95-oroo
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by "pouring" may be acceptable in certain situations, which will be discussed in the next
section.
Filter Pack Seal-Bentonite Pellet Seal (Plug) - A seal should be placed on top of the filter
pack. This seal should consist of a 30% solids bentonite material in the form of bentonite
pellets. Bentonite pellets are compressed to a density of 70-80 lbs/cu.ft. The preferred
method of placing bentonite pellets is by the positive displacement or the tremie method.
Use of the tremie method minimizes the risk of pellets bridging in the borehole and
assures the placement of pellets (also sand and grout) at the proper intervals. Pouring of
the pellets (and filter pack materials) is acceptable in shallow boreholes (less than 50 feet)
where the annular space is large enough to prevent bridging and to allow measuring (with
a tape measure) to insure that the pellets have been placed at the proper intervals. In
order to insure that the pellets have been placed at the proper intervals, the pellets should
be tamped, with the appropriate tamping tool, while measuring· is being conducted. The
tamping process minimizes the potential for pellet bridging by forcing any pellets, that
have lodged against the borehole wall, hollow-stem auger wall, or the well casing, down
to the proper interval. The bentonite seal should be placed above the filter pack at a
minimum of two feet vertical thickness. The hydration time for the bentonite pellets
should be a minimum of eight hours or the manufacturer's recommended hydration time,
whichever is greater. In all cases the proper depths should be documented by measuring
and not by estimating. Other forms of bentonite such as granular bentonite, and bentonite
chips have limited applications, and are not recommended for the bentonite seal unless
special conditions warrant their use. Deviation from bentonite pellets for the seal, should
not be acceptable unless approved by a senior field geologist. If for some reason, the
water table is temporarily below the pellet seal interval, potable water ( or a higher quality
water) should be used to hydrate the pellets.
Grouting the Annular Space -The annular space between the casing and the borehole
wall should be filled with either a 30% solids bentonite grout, a neat cement grout, or a
cement/bentonite grout. Each type of grout selected should be evaluated as to its
3-10
Surface Protection-Bumper Guards -If the monitoring wells are located in a high traffic
area, a minimum of three bumper guards consisting of steel pipes 3 to 4 inches in
diameter and a minimum 5-foot length should be installed. These bumper guards should
be installed to a minimum depth of 2 feet below the ground surface in a concrete footing
and extend a minimum of 3 feet above ground surface. Concrete should also be placed
into the steel pipe to provide additional strength. Steel rails and/or other steel materials
can be used in place of steel pipe but approval must be granted by a senior field geologist
prior to field installation.
3.3 Surface Water
Five surface water samples from Richneck Creek and the unnamed tributary are
recommended . The samples are designated SW-I, SW-2, UTUS, RCUS, and RCDS . SW-I
is positioned to collect water as it emerges from seep features s6uth of the landfill . It is
important for establishing surface water quality as close to the filled area as possible. SW-2
will replace the existing UTDS sample and has been located to avoid dilution from the south
branch of the unnamed tributary.
The remaining three locations UTUS, RCUS and RCDS are part of the original surface water
network and are important to establish background surface water quality and to maintain a
level of continuity with the previous analysis .
The existing Sampling Plan outlines the sample collection procedures.
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3. 4 Stream Sediment
Five stream sediment samples are proposed along Richneck Creek and the unnamed
tributary. The locations were selected to determine what impact to stream sediments may
originate from the upstream areas of Richneck Creek, both above and below SR-1604,
therefore allowing the road's effects to be filtered out, as well as to determine the quality of
sediments at the base of the major surface drainage features. All samples will be collected
within the thickest accumulation of sediments.
Sediment samples are extremely important because the substances of concern have a large
affinity for soils, therefore select locations could represent an accumulation of impact. It is
absolutely critical that samples be collected in areas prone to deposition and not within the
center of the stream. As with surface water, the sampling protocol are outlined in the
existing PCB Landfill Sampling Plan.
3. 5 Surf ace Geophysics
If contamination is detected, it is recommended that a combination of electromagnetic and
seismic surveys be used in the vicinity of the landfill prior to further drilling and testing.
These techniques are extremely cost-effective and may be useful for further defining:
• Geologic characterization (to_p of rock, fractures and faults, lithologic correlation, and
clay confining layer mapping);
• Hydrogeologic characterization (water table mapping, aquifer thickness, confining layer
continuity);
• Plume delineation (soil/groundwater contamination);
• Anomalous areas in the landfill; and,
• Possible locations and depths of additional borings and wells.
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4.0 Reporting
At the conclusion of the field work a site investigation report will be prepared. The report shall
concisely summarize methodologies employed and results of activities including all sampling and
testing, surface geophysical surveys (if required), environmental drilling program, monitor well
placement and construction, hydraulic testing and analysis, and soil and water quality. Essential
text, graphs, tables and figures will be included in the report.
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intended use and integrity. The preferred grout to use should be a 30 % solids bentonite
grout with a minimum density of 10 lb/gal. The grout should be placed into the borehole,
by the tremie method, from the top of the bentonite seal to within 2-feet of the ground
surface or below the frostline, whichever is greater. The tremie tube should have an
option of a side discharge port or a bottom discharge port, to minimize damage to the
filter pack and/or the bentonite pellet seal, during grout placement. The grout should be
allowed to cure for a minimum of 24 hours before the concrete surface pad is installed.
All grouts should be prepared in accordance with the manufacturers specifications.
Bentonite grouts (not cement) should have a minimum density of 10 lbs/gal to ensure
proper set-up. The density of the bentonite grouts should be measured while mixing and
should not be pumped into the borehole until the minimum density of IO lbs/gal is
attained. In addition, the grouting operation should not cease until the bentonite grout
flowing out of the borehole has a minimum density of IO lbs/gal. A mt.id balance should
be used to measure the specified grout density of the bentonite grout. Estimating the
grout density is not acceptable. Drilling muds are not acceptable for grouting. Cement
grouts should be mixed using 6.5 to 7 gallons of water per 94-lb bag of Type I Portland
cement. The addition of bentonite ( 5 to IO percent) to the cement grout is generally used
to delay the "setting" time and may not be needed in all applications. The specific
mixtures and other types of cement and\or grout proposed should be evaluated on a case
by case basis by a senior field geologist.
Above Ground Riser Pipe and Outer Protective Casing -The well casing, when installed
and grouted, should extend above the ground surface a minimum of 2.5 feet. A vent hole
should be drilled into the top of the well casing cap to permit pressure equalization, if
applicable. An outer protective casing should be installed into the borehole after the
annular grout has cured for at least 24 hours. The outer protective casing should be of
steel construction with a hinged, locking cap. Generally, outer protective casings used
over 2-inch well casings are 4 inches square by 5 feet long. Similarly, protective casings
used over 4-inch well casings are 6 inches square and 5 feet long. Round protective
casings are also acceptable. All protective casings should have sufficient clearance
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around the inner well casings, so that the outer protective casings will not come into
contact with the inner well casings after installation. The protective casings should have a
minimum 0£ two weep holes for drainage. These weep holes should be a minimum 1/4-
inch in diameter and drilled into the protective casings just above the top of the concrete
surface pads to prevent water from standing inside of the protective casings. Protective
casings made of aluminum or other soft metals are normally not acceptable because they
are not strong enough to resist tampering. Aluminum protective casing may be used in
very corrosive environments such as coastal areas. A protective casing is installed by
pouring concrete into the borehole on top of the grout. The protective casing is then
pushed into the wet concrete and borehole a minimum of 2 feet. Extra concrete may be
needed to fill the inside of the protective casing so that the level of the concrete inside of
the protective casing is at or above the level of the surface pad. The protective casing
should extend a minimum of 3 feet above the ground surface or to a height so that the
cap of the inner well casing is exposed when the protective casing is opened.
Concrete Surface Pad -A concrete surface pad should be installed around each well at
the same time as the outer protective casing is being installed. The surface pad should be
formed around the well casing. Concrete should be placed into the formed pad and into
the borehole (on top of the grout) in one operation making a contiguous unit. The
protective casing is then installed into the concrete as described in the previous section.
The size of the concrete surface pad is dependent on the well casing size. If the well
casing is 2 inches in diameter, the pad should be 3 feet x 3 feet x 6 inches. If the well
casing is 4 inches in diameter, the pad should be 4 feet x 4 feet x 6 inches. Round
concrete surface pads are also acceptable. The finished pad should be sloped so that
drainage will flow away from the protective casing and off of the pad. In addition, a
minimum of one inch of the finished pad should be below grade or ground elevation to
prevent washing and undermining by soil erosion. At each site, all locks on the outer
protective casings should be keyed alike.
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