NCD980602163_19941219_Warren County PCB Landfill_SERB C_Correspondence, 1994-OCR

t·lC AF'/ BF.:EDL
TO: Bill Meyer, Direot or
MEMORANDUM
December 19, 1994
f)j_vie.ion of Solid Wa$te Manag~ment
North Carolina Department of Environment, Health
and Natural Resources
FROM: Ken Fer·ruccio, Co-Chair K f
Joint Warren County/State PCB Landfill Working Gr oup
SUBJECT: Pauline Ewald's recommendation ooncern1ng her preliminary and
final report
Pauline has recommended that you put your critique /concerns regarding her.
preliminary report in writing and that the appropriate state official sign
her final report . Dollie and I hava concurred .
A written critique of Paulina's preliminary report will facilitate the
oompletion of a mutually-agreed-upon final report and accelerate what
seems to be a needlessly slow process .
cc : Pauline Ewald
TEL:[phone] Dec 2 1,94 12 :35 No.003 P .02
December 13, 1994
Dr. Ronald Levine
State Health Director
cCEl\t ,
Hoatth Di recto( s .
)1\1.1\l D H I. F\/11
lfC f t1 ,
N.C. Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources
P.O. Box 27687
Raleigh, N.C. 27611-7687
Dear Dr. Levine:
I am a citizen of Warren County living two miles from the PCB
landfill in Afton, North Carolina. When tests were completed
on July 27, 1994 dioxins were identified both inside the
landfill and in two of the four monitoring wells on site.
The dioxins identified included 2 ,3, 7, 8 TCDD_-"'.'one of the
most toxic dioxins found anywhere in the world. As you are
probably aware, the EPA recently reassessed the toxicity of
dioxin and found that it is much more toxic than was previously
suspected. As a result they lowered the only safe and accept-
able level of dioxin to non-detect. I asked my County
Health Director, Mr. Dennis Retzlaff, to test my well water
for dioxins. He informed me that the county does not have
the funds needed to pay for the test. I understand that Mr.
Retzlaff forwarded a copy of both my letter and his response
to your office. I am thus requesting that the test be
performed at the expense of the State.
I do not bert-eve that I am making an unreasonable request.
The st~te, after all, put these dangerous chemicals in the
ground and is responsible for the safe upkeep of the
landfill and the safety of the citizens living around it.
Si~ce no recent hydrogeological studies have been performed
at this site, no one can assure me that the affected
groundwater has not or will not contaminate my property and
well.
In his letter to Warren County on October 20t 1982, then
Governor Jim Hunt promised to teat local wells within a
three-mile radius at ·the State's expense. Now that dioxins
have been identified in both the landfk1il and the monitoring
wells I feel it is only reasonable tha . the State should test
my well for dioxins also. I am sorry at the test is
expensive but I do not believe that I should have to pay for
the State's incompetence. I cannot understand how the State
has neglected to test for dioxins for the past twelve years.
TEL:[phone] Dec 21 ,94
In fact the State only performed the Dioxin Scan in July at
the ins!stence of the PCB Landfill Working Group and Ms.
Pauline Ewald, the Environmental Consultant.
I am hereby requesting that a specialized PCB and Dioxin
Scan be performed on my well water using the same parameters
and process used by the State to test the PCB site
monitoring wells. As stated in my letter to Mr. Retzlaff, I
will not be satisfied with the test results if they are sol0y
conducted by the State of North Carolina. Frankly the State
has done nothing concerning this matter to earn my trust.
I feel that the State ha.a a vested interest in finding 11no
d--trace" of-dioxin in my· water and so request that either a
split-sampling procedure be utilized with an independent
organization or that the test be performed soley by an
independent organization.
I am the mother of two beautiful baby girls and have been
making baby bottles with this water for three years now.
Maybe you can imagine the worry and heartache this whole
series of events has caused. I have had no peace of mind
since hearing of the test results. I thought my well was
safe because I had it tested for the usual contaminants and
the resultat were all negative. I was unaware and i gnorant,
however, of the great likelihood of dioxins being present along with PCB 1 s in the landfill. I made the mistake of
believing that my state government was watching out for us
and monitoring the site to protect our health. I no
longer believe that. I do not want to sacrifice my life
or the lives of my children because of money or dirty
politics. I want to know, for the sake of my family's
health, if my water is contaminated with dioxins. I am
appealing to you, my State Health Director, for your help. I would appreciate a prompt written response to this letter.
Thank you for your assistance in this matter.
~
TO: BILL MYER (' l I
FROM: JIM WARREN \; ''\J
RE: DATA FOR THE WARS,EN COUNTY SCIENCE ADVISOR
DATEt 12/12/94
ON BEHALF OF SEVERAL WORKING GROUP MEMBERS I AM WRITING TO
EXPRESS OUTRAGE THAT DSWM S'l'ILL HAS NOT REMITT:E:D ALL DATA TO
PAULINE EWALD AND ECO. I HAVE FULLY DISCUSSED THIS ISSUE WITH
SHARRON AND WITH PAULINE AS WELL AS WITH OTHER SCIENTISTS. IT IS
CLEAR THAT PAULINE 1 S REPEATED REQUESTS FOR THE QA/QC ON ORGANICS
AND FOR THE CHROMATOGRAJ?HY FOR ALL PCB/DIOXIN DATA ARE WELL-
FOUNDED, REASONABLE AND NECESSARY F'O.K HER FORMAL REPORT ON
CHARACTERIZATION OF THE LANDF~LL.
IT ALSO CLEAR THAT HER REQUEST IS BEING DENIED. SHARRON'S
ASSERTION THAT THE QA/QC WAS INCLUDED lN THE ORIGINAL PACKAGE RINGS
HOLLOW. WHETHER THAT IS ACCURATE IS IRR!'.:LBVANT; IT WOULD BE SIMPLE
ENOUGH TO SEND IT AGAIN.
SHARRON IS OUT OF LINE IN CLAIMING 'l'HAT CHROMATOGRAPHY IS NOT
NEEDED. AS SCIENCE ADVISOR, PAULINE HAS THE RESPONSIBILITY TO
ASSURE THE COMMITTEE OF THE ACCU.tU\'rE RESULTS OF THE TESTING, AND
SHE INSISTS THAT HER ANALYTICAL CHEMIST HE ABLE TO REVIEW THE RTP
LAB COMPUTER'S INTERPRE'l'A'l'lON OF THE DATA, ESFF.CIALLY WITH THE NON-
STANDARD TECHNOLOGY USED AND S!NCE BOTH LABS SHOW INTERFERENCE FROM
E'URANS.
ACCORDING TO PAULINE AND OTHER SCIENTISTS, CHROMATOGRAPHS ARE
A S'l'ANUARO PART OF ANY DATA PACKAGE. ECO'S LAB INCLUDED
CHROMA'!'OGRAPHY AS PART OF IT'S ORIGINAL PACKAGE SENT TO THE STATE
AND TO ECO. SHARRON'S CLAIM THAT PROVIDING CHROMATOGRAPHY WOULD BE
EXTREMELY EXPENSIVE AND TIME CONSUMING SOUNDS DUBIOUS. SHE SHOULD
HRING EVIDENCE OF THAT TO THE 12/15 MEETING, INCLUDING A COPY OF
THE STATE'S CONTRACT WITH THE LAB.
MEMBERS 01'' 'l'H!:: WORK.LNG GROUP AND CITIZENS OF WARREN COUNTY
HAVE WAITED OVER 4 MONTHS FOR OFFICIAL RESULTS OF THE JULY TESTING.
WE ARE VERY TIRED OF WAITING AND OF DSWM' S ST.1\LLING. YOU KNOW VERY
WELL THAT WITHOUT THE SCIENCE ADVISOR'S FINAL REPORT WE CANNOT MAKE
A PRESENTATION TO THE ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW COMMISSION OR TO THE
LEGISLATURE, TO SEEK THE FUNDING FOR DETOXIFICATION, WHICH THE
WORKING GROUP APPROVED UNANIMOUSLY IN NOVEMBER.
IF THERE IS ANY VALID REASON WHY ECO SHOULDN'T HAVE THE
REMAINING DATA THEN YOU SHOULD CALL ME WITH IT TODAY. OTHERWISE,
I MUST DEMAND THAT BOTH THE ORGANIC QA/QC AND ALL PCB/DIOXIN
CBROMATOGllAPBY BE ORDERED SENT TO PAULINE TODAY BY OVERNIGHT
COURIER. AND FOR YOU PERSONALLY---NOT SHARRON---TO CONFIRM TO ME
OR TO THE CO-CHAIRS THAT THIS HAS BEEN DONE. BY THURSDAY 1 S MEETING
WE NEED TO BEAR THAT ECO IS PROCEEDING 'l'OWA.KlJ rr '8 FINAL REPORT.
pc: ALL WORKING GROUP MEMBF.~S
F':01
State of North Carolina
Department of Environment,
Health and Natural Resources
Division of Solid Waste Management
James B. Hunt, Jr., Governor
Jonathan B. Howes, Secretary
William L. Meyer, Director
.RA
DEHNR
December 9, 1994
TO: Billie Elmore
FROM: Sharron Rogers
SUBJECT: Battelle Northwest Laboratory's BCD work for US Navy
Billie, I was able to get names and phone numbers for contacts at Battelle
Northwest Labs (BNL) almost immediately after you suggested the lead. However,
all 8 individuals involved had just left for Guam for 3 weeks to perform a "hot test"
of their method for the Navy. Thus, it took until today to get some conversation
time with the project manager. Unfortunately, there are no reports at this time, so I
will write a brief narrative of my discoveries here for our future reference.
The project manager is Mike Brown, 509-375-3791. Other names involved
are Harley Freeman, 509-376-8561 and Dave Eakin, 509-375-3796. These
gentlemen are in Battelle's Chemical Technology Department, Chemical Process
Development Section at Richland, WA. The US Navy Engineering Lab at Point
Hueneme, CA is their client. (DB Chan is the project manager). The Navy had
developed a bench-scale process based upon Charlie Rogers work at EPA Cincinnati,
and contracted with Battelle to design the field scale trial system and to perform the
testing.
Battelle's 50 ton "hot test" was of a one ton-per-hour rotary kiln
demonstration plant at the Guam Navy Rework Facility. The Rework facility is a
W.W.11 and later transformer rework center for the Pacific area. Brown indicates
that it is surprisingly uncontaminated by other hazardous constituents such as
solvents. Dioxins are present at anticipated levels (low ppt) for those levels of PCB
contamination (PCB' s 300 ppm average with isolated spots to several thousand
ppm). EPA has set dioxin cleanup to 2 ppb, which is below existing levels at the
site, and there is no evidence that dioxins formed during the test. Tests showed
dioxins and furans below detection by EPA method 8280, which had a detection
limit of about 1 ppt.
The Navy has accepted Battelle's demonstration as a success, and has
contracted with IT Corp. to operate the existing demonstration model, rather than to
construct a larger model or to dispose or decontaminate the existing one. IT Corp
will operate the one ton model to complete the cleanup of the 5,000 to 6,000 cu
yds of contaminated soils at that location. The change in contractors is normal
since Battelle is an R&D company that does not directly do remediation.
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P.O. Box 27687. Raleigh, North Carolina 27611-7687 Telephone [phone] FAX [phone]
An Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer 50% recycled/ l 0% post-consumer paper
To: Shar on Roger s
•· From: Michael D. Brown To: Sharon Rogers
12 December, 1994
Ms. Sharon Rogers
FAX [phone]
Dear Ms Rogers :
From: Michael D. Brown
Date: 12/12/94 Time: 12:50:06
12-12-94 12:51pm p. 2 of 3
()Bane11e
Pacific Northwest Laboratories
Battelle Boulevard
P 0 . Box 999
Richland, Wash ington 99352
Page 3 of 3
Telephone [phone]
Fax [phone]
E-Mail [e-mail]
Thank you for your recent inquiry regarding PCB treatment and the Base-Catalyzed Destruction
Process. I enjoyed talking with you . Let me summarize some background on the process and
Battelle's role in its development.
First of all , the technology is an evolution of work that has been done at the USEPA's Risk Reduction
Engineering Laboratory in Cincinnati, OH for over 10 years . The process has evolved from research
by Dr. Charles Rogers , Dr. Al Kornel , and Harold Sparks directed at a variety of processes employing
Potassium Polyethylene Glycol (APEG) to dechlorinate PCB-containing soils. As a result of this
research , a series of patents were granted for this technology. In 1987 the USEPA approved the
establishment of KPEG as the best developed alternative treatment technology for PCBs, and spent
solvents contaminated with dioxins and furans . EDS was also successfully treated with KOH and
tetraethylene glycol and an additional US patent (4,675,464) was granted. Since 1987, EPA has
continued to make process improvements to the base-catalysis technology. Additional patents
(5,064,526 5,039,350 and 5,019,175) were granted to Rogers, et al in functional nucleophiles to
replace the chlorines surrounding the PCB molecule. The product of the reaction is primarily non-
hazardous biphenyl.
In the mid 1980's, the US Navy realized that this technology might be used to treat many highly
contaminated sites controlled by the US Government. Dr. DB Chan of the Naval Civil Engineering
Laboratory (NCEL) in California performed a large field test in cooperation with the USEPA in 1988,
employing a 400 gallon batch system on a Navy site on the island of Guam. Soil batch size ranged
from 2800-5100 lbs and contained PCB levels from 300-2000 ppm, which were reduced to 0.2 to 6.5
ppm following a single treatment. Typical treatment times were 2-3 hrs at 150C.
Based on these favorable result, the US Department of Energy's Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PN L)
was asked to assist the Navy in designing and building a 1 ton per hour continuous treatment system
for demonstration and deployment on Guam . Battelle operates PNL for the Department of Energy and
staff at both Richland, WA and in Columbus, OH were utilized for this task. The completed system is
To: Shar.on Rogers From: Michael D. Brown 12-12-94 12:52pm p. 3 of 3
' From : Michael 0 . Brown To: Sharon Rogers Date: 12/12/94 Time: 12:50:09 Page 4 of 3
Page 2
12 December, 1994
Navy-owned and was assembled and cold tested at a Navy site in Stockton, CA prior to shipment to
Guam. The system was shipped to Guam in August 1992, cold tested in June and July of 1993,
successfully hot tested with 16 tons of PCB-contaminated soil during Jan 1994, and again with 50
tons in Nov 1994. All systems (except for the reactor, crushing plant, and mixing plant) are modular
in nature and skid-mounted for placement in a 40 foot overseas shipping container. Because of the
remote location , a complete analytical laboratory (GC/MS) and a shop were also built into containers.
After testing is completed, the BCD system is scheduled to be deployed at Naval Sation , Guam by IT
Corporation. Following excavation and feed preparation, the process is carried out in two steps : 1) a
solid phase reaction using an indirectly heated rotary reactor, and 2) a liquid phase reaction using a
stirred tank reactor. The solid process uses a base (e.g. sodium bicarbonate), and an organic source
of hydrogen to partially decompose and volatilize any PCBs in the soil at 350C for one hour. Offgas
from the primary rotary reactor will be cleaned by a cyclone, baghouse, and venturi scrubber to
remove al l traces of PCB prior to venting. Any PCBs recovered this way will be treated in the liquid-
phase stirred tank reactor utilizing a base (usually sodium hydroxide), an aliphatic hydrocarbon
solvent, and a catalyst at temperatures of 350C for 1-2 hrs. Treated soil has been demonstrated to
meet treatment criteria of less than 2 ppm per resolvable PCB congener.
The BCD Development team (NCEL, USEPA, PNL, and Battelle's Columbus Laboratory) and the
BCD process was recently recognized at one of the top 100 new processes/products of 1992 by R& D
Magazine and in 1993 by Popular Science. PN L(and Battelle's) role ts a technical resource and
technology transfer bridge to help demonstrate and fully commercialize the technology. Battelle-PNL
can design and build prototypical and demonstration systems and can assist in training , permitting,
start up , and demonstration. However, Battelle is not a remedial action company and does not
perform site cleanups. If you have specific questions regarding the technology and how Battelle might
be able to assist you in your technology development and selection , please contact me at (509) 375-
3791 or by fax at [phone].
The technology is covered by several USEPA patents and is available for both domestic and foreign
licensing. While EPA retains domestic rights, all foreign rights have been granted to the inventors,
who are now doing business as The BCD Group. Discussions regarding your company's specific
interests should be directed to The BCD G·roup's Dr. Charles Rogers at [phone] or USEPA's
Dr. Carl Brunner at [phone].
Sincerely,
~Ll-~
Michael D. Brown, PE
Senior Research Engineer
Chemical Process Development
To: Shar.on Rogers From: Michael D. Brown 12-12-94 12:50pm p. 1 of 3
• From: Michael 0. Brown To: Sharon Rogers
~ich~I D. Brown, Sen. Research Engr.
Pacific Northwest Laboratory K2-40
PO Box 999
Date: 12/12/94 Time: 12:50:04 Page 2 ol 3
Richland, WA 99352
ph 509-375-3791 fax [phone]
EMAIL md_browncmail.pnl.gov Fax Cover
Sharon:
Attached is a summary that I send out regarding our PCB
project and its genesis. As I gather more information in the
next few weeks on our final report I will try to get you a
draft copy. Call me if you have any specific questions.
Thanks,
Mike Brown
To: Sharon Rogers !From : Michael D. Brown
\. ( C C C '< < ( ( ( r.-~1 ~~f Wtf1~1ff/,t;/;,f,g'/Jf!1llW..Tfs1WJTPb~ 'lftfJ~Ef'Jitff;,f$111~~ ~p /M:'t~. LOCATIONS. QUESTIONS? CALL 800-238-5355 TOLL FREE. PACKAGE TRACKING NUMBER 'Jal! {Ji' .;j,!:)!, , .. 112:ltN 7l27l73CfSS .,...,,..,,_Ell'IEDAt:l:IIIIITAUlall ..... 1043""''!>6&-c, From (Your Name) Please Print ,r..,, I ""'iri,•:,1 ,. ( .. \•' . . i ~pany'.L .. L.L .\ '!',-_ ~ ·:..:_:~ • ...:. ...... .L Date I . ( I I ·-:, ~/ 'j --. . . . . .. ! Your Phone Number (Very Important) '.(119 1!3-069'' . .. . ... __ t -------· ~-----Department/Floor No. BENDER'S COPY Jo (Recipient's Name) Please Print Recipient
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,
December 2, 1994
Mr. George L. Bain, PG
BC Geologic, Inc
3966 Bachelor Creek Rd.
Asheboro, NC 27203
Dear George,
The enclosed materials include a number of basics about the design
and environment of the Warren County PCB Landfill. Also, copies of the
water level data for several years from the GW monitoring wells and the
leachate collect,on system from within the landfill. Bob Glaser is continuing
his analysis and modeling of this information, and will be completed soon ,
including recommendations for additional monitoring wells.
As your evaluation of the project continues, we would like to invite
you to come back and visit for an extended conversation with Bob and
myself about this work. Also, by that time the State Geological survey will
have installed a benchmark at the site so that we can convert the current
estimated elevations to true elevations.
Very truly yours,
Sharron Rogers
Assistant Director
't y
•
l '
PCB LANDFILL FACT SHEET
The State owned PCB Landfill in Warren County, North Carolina is
located on a 142 acre tract of land located just off State Road 1604.
The actual containment area occupies approximately two and one-half
acres. The landfill is 24 feet thick and contains 40,000 cubic yards
of PCB-laden soil with an average contamination level of 125 parts
per million.
PCB's are extremely persistent and resist both biological and
chemical decomposition. It is estimated that PCB's have a half-life
in soils of approximately 60 years. PCB's are stable up to
temperatures approaching 1600 degrees Fahrenheit. They are
relatively insoluble in water and evaporate very slowly.
PCB's accumulate in the fatty tissue of both humans and animals.
Acute human health effects include a skin rash known as chloracne and
liver damage. In studies on animals, PCB's were shown to cause an
extremely high rate of embryonic death. Chronic effects may include
an increased cancer risk and behavioral changes.
Persons working on or around the site are in little danger as long as
the top cover and plastic liner remain intact. During monthly
inspections, the soil cover layer is checked for erosion and the
presence of tree saplings, which have roots that could eventually
damage the top cover and synthetic liner.
The most significant impact that the landfill has on Warren County is
the taking of approximately 20 acres of land (this includes the
containment area and the buffer zone surrounding it) out of
agricultural production for an indefinite period of time. The
remaining 122 acres have been deeded to Warren County. The county
may lease a portion or all of the 122 acres for agricultural or other
compatible land uses.
The Solid Waste Management Section is responsible for monitoring
water quality at the landfill two times each year. This includes
sampling four ground water monitoring wells which surround the site
and sampling Richneck Creek both upstream and downstream of the
landfill. These samples are analyzed at the State Laboratory of
Public Health for the presence of PCB. To date, the PCB landfill has
had no detrimental effect on water quality in the region.
July.1978
July 30
August .1978 .
August 2-5
August 10
August 15
August 18
September'l978
September 6-19
Ottober ·1973
October 5
·Novemberl978
November 6
APPENDIX A
Clrn.ONOLOGY
First.report of a chemical spill which was
later·identified as PCB on N.C. 58 in Warren
County.
PCB locatedalong roadsides in several other
North Carolina counties including Johnston,
Alamance, and Chatham.
Conference held with representatives of the
Department of Human Resources, Department of
Agriculture, Attorney General's Office,
Department of Transportation, Environmental
Protection Ar.ency, nnd the news media to
discuss the PCB dumpings.
Activated charcoal solution and liquid asphalt
applied along 210 miles of North Carolina
highways·where shoulders had been contaminated
by PCB. This action was taken at the recom-
mendation.of specialists at North Carolina
State University, who. submitted a plan for
temporarily deactivating the PCB to prevent
migration and to reduce any haza·rd to the
public.
The N.C. Department of Transportation began
applying a solution of activated carbon and
liquid asphalt to the 210 miles of contaminated
roadside.
Tests conducted along uncontaminated road
shoulders to determine the safety and
effectiveness of equipment to be used in
picking up .the PCB.
Test conducted along a cont~minnted rood
shoulder on Highwny 58 in Warren County.
Test results of the pick-up of contaminated
soil along the roadside in Warren County
show that the contaminated soil can be picked
up· and treated without hnrming the environ-
ment or personnel involved.
·' 1' ..
December 1978
December 1
December 12
January·1979
January 4
January 17
February · 1979
February 2
June ·1979
June 4
June 4
June 6
August 1979
August 16
Sept -Dec 1979
July -Aug 1979
September 1980 .
September 12
- 2 -
The state obtained an option on 142 acres of
land in Warren County to be used to dispose
of the contaminated soil that would be picked
up along the roadsides in 14 North Carolina
counties· •.
Application-filed with the EPA for approval
of the Warren County site as a disposal area
for the PCB contaminated soil.
Public hearing on the Warren County site
conducted· in Warrenton National Guard Armory.
Robert Burns and sons pleaded guilty to a
violation of the federal Toxic Substances
Control Act. Burns received an active jail
sentence and his sons were placed on probation.
North Carolina petitions EPA to.modify its
regulations to permit alternative methods of
disposal of ~CB contaminated soil and debris
(i.e. in-place treatment).
EPA denies North Carolina's petition.
EPA's Region IV administrator approved Warren
County site, and the state's application to
construct n PCB landfill there.
Robert Burns and sons plead guilty to state
charges surrounding the PCB dumping in
Halifax County Superior Court. Burns later
received an active jail sentence and his
sons were placed on probation. Buck Ward was
found not guilty on state charges.
Suit filed by Warren County.
Draft EIS prepared, filed on December 28, 1979.
Comments received on EIS.
Engirteering·consultant firms were interviewed
by the state and a recommendation was made to
the Cnpitnl Building Authority for selection
l i • )
-----
May 1981
May 22
·Novcmber ·l981
November 25
May · 1982
May 13
May 26
May 26
June 1982
June 21
·July 1982
July 2
August . 1982 .
August 4
August 10
-3 -
of a firm to develop plans for a PCB landfill
.in Warren County.
Buck Ward tried and found guilty of a viola-
tion of _the federal Toxic. Substance Control
Act. He received an active jail sentence
and a· $200,000 fine.
Judge Earl W. Britt gr.:tnts summary judgment
in'favor of state and EPA in Warren County
and Twitty suits, resolving legal obstacles
delaying constructing of land£ ill. Appeals
taken· in.both cases.
Contract for construction of the PCB landfill
awarded by the Capital Building Authority
pending the approval of federal "Superfund"
money· to fund the PCB cleanup project. The
contract was awarded to the low bidder, Jim
Lineberger· Grading and Paving Company of
Gastonia.
North Carolina and EPA.officials announced the
signing of a cooperative agreement which
provided $2.5 million in federal "Superfund"
money to construct a PCB landfill in Warren
County, and to clean up the PCB contaminated
soil along 210 miles of North Carolina
roadsides.
120 acres surrounding the landfill site deeded
by state to Warren County as buffer zone.
Voluntary dismissal taken by Warren County
in suit on appeal.
Construction began on the PCB landfill in
Warren County.
NAACP files discrimination suit in federal
court requesting preliminary injunction to
prohibit placement of soil in Warren County.
Hearing held before Judge Earl Britt.
Preliminary injunction denied.
.,,,,.... __
September ·l982
September 15
Octoberl982
October 6
October. 12
October 27
November ·19a2
November 1
·Deccmber·19a2
December
December 13
December 27
·Jot'l.unry ·l983
January
January 26
-

4

-
Removal of PCB from roadsides begins by DOT
crews •.. Protests begin in Warren County and
· a total of 423 adult arrests were made and
100 juveniles were taken into custody over
the. following 4½ weeks.·
Fort nragg begins removal operation for PCB
on base.·
State finishes ·roadside removal of PCB.
There were 2_41 shoulder miles· picked up;
6,455 truckloads. taken· to landfill.
Fort Brag~ finishes removing PCB from base;
76.8 truckloads put in landfill. Total
state/Ft. Bragg truckloads _7,223.
Capping operation begins; plastic liner and
clay liner in place, soil layer added. Bad
weather prevents final soil layer and seeding
of cap to be accomplished.
Heavy rains cause soil erosion on cap and
exposes plastic liner. Bubbles develop in
exposed liner· from gas in the landfill caused
by decomposition of vegetation mixed in with
soil.· Bubbles·vented, soil erosion temporarily
corrected and a temporary seed cover is
installed on the cap. Landfill will be
completed in Spring.
Buck Ward begins sentence at Danbury,
Connecticut, Federal Prison after being
denied petition for certiorari by U.S.
Supreme Court.
Federal Appeals Court affirms Judge Britt's
ruling in Twiddy case.
EPA monitors ens venting from landfill and
reports no significant emissions of PCBs.
U. ·s. Files civil suit in federal court
against Buck Ward and·Ward Transformer, Inc.
,, .
· February 1983
February 17 ·
·Ma.rch ·l983
March 4
'M.1J" 1983
May 11
May 24
JulJ'1983
July 14
July 15
July 23
August'1983
August 3
-5 -
State dismisses state law suits. against Buck ·
Ward and·state _allowed to intervene in federal
suit~ All counterclaims dismissed by Ward
against state.
Voluntary dismissal. taken by plaintiffs in
discrimination-suit.
Contractor resumes work on completion of
landfill construction.
·EPA grant . period .. extended until July 23, · 1983.
Construction completed.
Inspection held at the site and acceptance
made by state officials.
Grant period ended.·
Inspection held.at the site by EPA officials
and approval given.
State of North Carolina
Department of Environment,
Health and Natural Resources
Division of Solid Waste Management
James B. Hunt, Jr., Governor
Jonathan B. Howes, Secretary
William L. Meyer, Director
6?!·;~
Ji~ --• a a
DEHNR
April 26, 1994
MEMORANDUM
TO:
FROM:
Members of the joint Warren County and state
PCB Landfill working group
Bill Meye~
SUBJECT: Sampling Analysis, and Leachate Removal
Activity 1982-1993
Enclosed is a summary of sampling and analysis of groundwater
monitoring wells, surface stream water, stream sediment, leachate
and miscellaneous samples. This report does not include
approximately 35 private water supply wells sampled and analyzed in
1982-83 or the recent well testing conducted by the Warren County
Health Department. None of the wells tested positive for PCB's.
There are also approximately 12 O blood samples taken the last
quarter of 1982 to establish a background PCB blood level. The
blood samples are preserved and will be analyzed if there is a
release from the landfill.
If you have any questions please contact me at [phone].
WLM:aw
Attachment
P.O. Box 27687, Raleigh, North Carolina 27611-7687 Telephone [phone] FAX [phone]
An Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer 50% recycled/ l 0% post-consumer paper
LEACHATE REMOVAL, SAMPLING AND
ANALYSIS OF PCB LANDFILL
1982-1993
TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE
I. PCB LANDFILL-SUMMARY OF LEACHATE REMOVAL,
SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS EVENTS FOR PCB
1982-1993 1
II. PCB LANDFILL, LEACHATE REMOVAL AND ANALYSIS
1983-1993 2-5
III. MONITORING WELLS, SURFACE WATER
STREAM SEDIMENT SAMPLES
1982-1993
IV. MISCELLANEOUS SAMPLES
1983-1993
V. PRIVATE WATER SUPPLY WELLS
1982-1990
6
7
8
:, .....
PCB LANDFILL
SUMMARY OF SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS FOR PCB'S
LEACHATE PRIVATE
MONITORING SURFACE STEAM REMOVAL ANALYSIS WATER
DATE WELL WATER SEDIMENT I" E* Well SOIL OTHER
1982 8 8 8
1983 16 16 16 33 33 26 4 (1 •
1984 8 16 16 11 10 9
1985 16 16 16 11 10 9
1986 16 16 16 3 0 1 1
1987 4 4 4 0 0 0
1988 8 8 8 0 0 0
1989 8 8 8 1 1 0 1 (2·
1990 8 8 8 7 6 6 1 5 6 {3*
1991 8 8 8 10 0 3 1
1992 8 8 8 11 1 0
1993 5 2 2 1 (4*
TOTALS 108 116 116 92 63 56 3 5 12
*1) Air Samples; 2) Lagoon.sediment basin water; 3) Grass.treatment system; 4) Lagoon sediment basin sediment
LEACHATE I = Influent, E = Effluent
' . , ,r,
Page 2
PCB LANDFILL
LEACHATE SAMPLES
DATE GALLONS INFLUENT EFFLUENT
03-07-83 0.42 PPB 0.24 PPB
03-07-83 0.44 PPB
03-08-83 0.34 PPB 0.28 PPB
03-08-83 0.25 PPB 0.043 PPB
03-08-83 2.80 PPB 0.062 PPB
03-14-83 <1.0 PPB
03-16-83 <1.0 PPB <1.0 PPB
03-21-83 2.471 PPB 0.184 PPB
03-22-83 1.408 PPB 0.294 PPB
03-23-83 1.349 PPB 0.107 PPB
03-24-83 <0.1 PPB <0.1 PPB
03-28-83 <0.1 PPB <0.1 PPB
03-30-83 0.279 PPB <0.1 PPB
04-01-83 0.10 PPB <0.1 PPB
04-05-83 0. 40 PPB 0.10 PPB
04-07-83 0.20 PPB
04-11-83 0.20 PPB <0.1 PPB
04-12-83 0.50 PPB <0.1 PPB
04-13-83 1.114 PPB 0.708 PPB
04-14-83 0.708 PPB 0.196 PPB
14-18-83 <0.1 PPB <0.1 PPB
04-19-83 0.22 PPB 0.21 PPB
04-20-83 0.27 PPB 0.24 PPB
04-25-83 0.60 PPB <0.1 PPB
. ,,
Page 3
DATE GALLONS INFLUENT EFFLUENT
()4-26-83 0.20 PPB <0.1 PPB
04-27-83 <0.1 PPB
05-10-83 0.20 PPB <0.1 PPB
05-25-83 0.10 PPB <0.1 PPB
06-01-83 <0.1 PPB
07-20-83 1.63 PPB
07-29-83 <0.1 PPB
01-21-83 <0.1 PPB <0.1 PPB
11-29-83 <0.1 PPB <0.1 PPB
01-26-84 0.30 PPB <0.1 PPB
03-07-84 <0.1 PPB <0.1 PPB
04-03-84 0.60 PPB <0.1 PPB
05-03-84 0.60 PPB <0.1 PPB
06-06-84 100 <0.1 PPB <0.1 PPB
07-17-84 90 0.30 PPB <0.1 PPB
08-16-84 90 <0.1 PPB
09-11-84 135 0.20 PPB <0.1 PPB
10-10-84 135
11-05-84 140 0.20 PPB <0.1 PPB
12-11-84 135 =690 <0.1 PPB <0.1 PPB
02-18-85 90 <0.1 PPB
03-26-85 90 <0.1 PPB <0.1 PPB
04-23-85 112 <0.1 PPB <0.1 PPB
05-24&25-85 90 <0.1 PPB <0.1 PPB
06-27-85 90 <0.1 PPB <0.1 PPB
07-16-85 90 <0.1 PPB <0.1 PPB
/
Page 4
-PATE GALLONS INFLUENT EFFLUENT
08-13-85 90 <0.1 PPB <O.l PPB
09-18-85 90 <0.1 PPB <0.1 PPB
10-24-85 90 <0.1 PPB <0.1 PPB
11-13-85 135 = 967 <0.1 PPB <0.1 PPB
03-04-86 90 <0.1 PPB <0.1 PPB
04-24-86 5 <0.1 PPB
05-06-86 5 = 95 0.18 PPB
03-21-89 <0.1 PPB
02-26-90 22
04-19-90 100 <O.lppb <O.lppb
05-03-90 105 <0.lppb <O.lppb
05-08-90 100 <0.lppb <O.lppb
08-28-90 130 <O.lppb <O.lppb
09-27-90 120 <0.20ppb <0.lppb
10-25-90 75 = 652 <O.lppb <O.lppbO
03-20-91 75 + 85
04-24-91 75
04-25-91 85 <0.1 ppb
5-30-91 75 + 85 <0. lppb
06-27-91 110
07-26-91 125 + 95
09-11-91 120
09-30-91 55
10-29-91 100 <O.lppb
11-27-91 165 = 1250
01-31-92 160
Page 5
. DATE GALLONS INFLUENT EFFLUENT
-02-28-92 160
03-27-92 160
04-29-92 160
06-26-92 160
07-30-92 160
08-28-92 160
09-29-92 160
10-27-92 160 <O.lppb
11-24-92 160
12-23-92 160 = 1780
01-26-93 160 <O.lppb <O.lppb
02-26-93 160
03-26-93 160
04-23-93 160
05-21-93 160 = 800 <O.lppb <OzlPPb
PPB -PARTS PER BILLION PCB'S
INFLUENT -LEACHATE PRIOR TO ENTERING TREATMENT WORKS FILTRATION
SYSTEM
EFFLUENT -LEACHATE AFTER DISCHARGE FROM TREATMENT WORKS FILTRATION
SYSTEM
PCO lANDflU.
SJ\MPUNG DAI A
DATE MONITORING WEI I. SAMPLES SURFACE WATER SAMPLES
1982
1129 <O I pre (8 SAMrl ES) <0. I rre (8 SAMPl ES)
1983 <O. 1rre (8 SAMrLESI < 0. I rre (8 8"Mrl ~SI 05 05
11 -21 <0.1 PPB (8 SAMrLESI < 0 I rre (8 SAMPLES)
1984
0606 <0 I PPB (4 SAMPI ES) <0 I PPB (8 SAMPLES)
12-11 <0.1 PPB (4 SAMPLES) <0.1 PPB (8 SAMPLES)
1985
05 24 <0 I PPB (8 SAMPLES) <0 I PPB (8 SAMPLES)
11-13 <0.1 PPB (8 SAMPLES) < 0 I PPB (8 SAMPLES)
1986
0506 < 0 I PPB (8 SAMPLES) < 0 I PPB (8 SAMPLES)
11 -18 <0.1 PPB (8 SAMPI ES) < 0 1 PPB (8 SAMPLES)
1987
0604 <0 I PPB (4 SAMPLES) <0.1 PPB (4 SAMPLES)
1988
02 02 < 0. I PPB (4 SAMPLES) <0 I PPB (4 SAMPLES)
07-06 <0.1 PPB (4 SAMPLES) <0 I PPB (4 SAMPLES)
1989
03-21 <O 1 PPB (4 SAMPLES) <0 I PPB (4 SAMPLES)
10-25 < 0 . 1 PPB (4 SAMPLES) < 0.1 PPB (4 SAMPLES)
1990
04 -19 < 0 . 1 PPB (1 SAMPLES) < o. 1 PPB (4 SAMPLES)
10 25 < 0 1 PPB (4 SAMPLES) < 0. I PPB (4 SAMPLES)
1991
04-24 <0 1 PPB (4 SAMPLES) < 0. I PPB (4 SAMPLES)
10-28 < 0 .1 PPB (4 SAMPl ES) <0.1 PPB (4 SAMPLES)
1992
05-13 < 0 I PPB (4 SAMPl ES) <0 I PPB (4 SAMPLES)
11-24 < 0 . I PPB (4 SAMPLES) <0.1 PPB (4 SAMPLES)
PPB = PARTS PER BILLION PCB"S
PPM = PARTS PER MILLION PCB"S
STREAM SEDIMENT SAMPLES
< 0 t PPB (8 SAMPLES'
<0.1 PPB (8 SAMPL~S\
<0 t ?PB (8 SAMPLES)
<0. I PPM (8 SAMPLES)
<0.1 PPM (8 SAMPLES)
<0.1 PPM (8 SAMPLES)
<0 I PPM (8 SAMPLES)
<0 I PPM (8 SAMPLES)
<0 1 PPM (8 SAMPLES)
<0.1 PPM (4 SAMPLES)
<0 1 PPM (4 SAMPLES)
<0 1 PPM (4 SAMPLES)
<0.1 PPM (4 SAMPLES)
< 0. 1 PPM (4 SAMPLES)
< 0. 1 PPM (4 SAMPLES)
<0.1 PPM (4 SAMPLES)
< 0 1 PPM (4 SAMPLES)
<0.1 PPM (4 SAMPLES)
<0 1 PPM (4 SAMPLES)
<0.1 PPM (4 SAMPLES)
The PCB landlill has 4 monlto,lng wells, 4 surlace water sampllng sites and 4 stream sediment sampling sites that are currently sampled
semi-annually.
••• . .
PCB LANDFILL
HISCELLANEOUS SAMPLES
J2ATE SAMPLE LOCATION
01-06-83 GAS VENT EXHAUST
01-06-83 LEACHATE COLLECTION
PIPE EXHAUST
01-12-83 AMBIENT AIR SAMPLES
01-12-83 GAS VENT EXHAUST
08-28-89 LEACHATE LAGOON
WATER
05-03-90 SOIL SAMPLE
04-18-90 GRASS (4 SAMPLE
SITES)
04-18-90 SOIL (4 SAMPLE
SITES)
04-18-90 CHARCOAL FROM
TREATMENT WORKS
04-18-90 LEACHATE LAGOON
SEDIMENT
10-29-91 SOIL
02-26-93 LEACHATE LAGOON
SEDIMENT
PPB -PARTS PER BILLION PCB'S
PPM -PARTS PER MILLION PCB'S
ND -NONE DETECTED
RESULTS
3.00 PPB
<1.0 PPB ..
ND
2.00 PPB
<0.1 PPB
<0.1 PPM
<0.1 PPM
<0.1 PPM
<0.1 PPM
0.27 PPM
<0.1 PPM
0.12 PPM
. ) ' . ,·
. DATE
08-24-82
08-24-82
01-13/19-83
07-16-85
03-16-90
PPB -PARTS PER BILLION PCB'S
PRIVATE WATER WELL SAMPLES
SAMPLE LOCATION
PRIVATE RESIDENCE WELL
PRIVATE RESIDENCE WELL
PRIVATE RESIDENCE WELL
(35 WELLS FOR 45
RESIDENCES)
PRIVATE RESIDENCE WELL
PRIVATE RESIDENCE WELL
RESULTS
< 1.0 PPB
< 1.0 PPB
< 1.0 PPB
<0.1 PPB
<0.1 PPB
, I
Relative Ground water Elevation in MW-1
Elev of
Water
Level
(feet) *
Date MW-1
11/16/94 68.11
10/24/94 68.43
9/26/94 68.87
8/26/94 69.29
7/28/94 69.6
6/27/94 69.69
5/18/94 69.17
4/28/94 68.74
3/25/94 68.03
2/24/94 68.03
1/25/94 68.37
12/17/93 68.85
11/18/93 69.29
10/22/93 69.67
9/27/93 70.11
8/30/93 70.51
7/23/93 70.81
6/25/93 70.77
5/20/93 70.19
4/23/93 69.39
3/26/93 68.62
2/26/93 68.07
1/26/93 67.63
12/23/92 67.65
11/24/92 67.79
Page 1
• I •
Relative Ground water Elevation in MW-2
Elev of
Water
Level
(feet) *
Date MW-2
11/16/94 60.54
10/24/94 60.94
9/26/94 61.58
8/26/94 62.38
7/28/94 63.21
6/27/94 64.12
5/18/94 64.68
4/28/94 64.42
3/25/94 63
2/24/94 61 .74
1/25/94 61.34
12/17/93 61 .12
11/18/93 61.44
10/22/93 62.04
9/27/93 62.76
8/30/93 63.66
7/23/93 64.92
6/25/93 65.7
5/20/93 66.28
4/23/93 65.78
3/26/93 64.64
2/26/93 63.58
1/26/93 62.66
12/23/92 62.66
11/24/92 61.67
Page 1
Relative Ground Water Elevation in MW-3
Elev of
Water
Level
(feet) *
Date MW-3
11/16/94 67.42
10/24/94 67.68
9/26/94 68.14
8/26/94 68.82
7/28/94 69.57
6/27/94 70.63
5/18/94 71 .86
4/28/94 72.51
3/25/94 72.19
2/24/94 70.1
1/25/94 69.3
12/17/93 68.48
11/18/93 68.12
10/22/93 68.42
9/27/93 68.9
8/30/93 69.7
7/23/93 71 .02
6/25/93 71.98
5/20/93 72.98
4/23/93 73.94
3/26/93 73.24
2/26/93 71.59
1/26/93 71 .22
12/23/92 71.22
11/24/92 69.17
Page 1
Relative Ground water Elevation in MW-4
Elev of
Water
Level
(feet) *
Date MW-4
11/16/94 67.79
10/24/94 68.01
9/26/94 68.37
8/26/94 68.87
7/28/94 69.45
6/27/94 70.27
5/18/94 71.19
4/28/94 71 .64
3/25/94 71 .55
2/24/94 70.93
1/25/94 69.99
12/17/93 69.39
11/18/93 68.49
10/22/93 68.75
9/27/93 69.13
8/30/93 69.71
7/23/93 70.67
6/25/93 71.39
5/20/93 72.09
4/23/93 72.89
3/26/93 72.43
2/26/93 71 .21
1/26/93 72.41
12/23/92 72.41
11/24/92 69.67
Page 1
Relative water Level Elevation in the Landfill
Date WL elev in LF(ft)
11/16/94 101 .11
10/24/94 101 .01
9/26/94 101.20
8/26/94 100.82
7/28/94
6/27/94 100.33
5/19/94 100.05
4/28/94 99.85
3/25/94 100.33
2/24/94 100.78
1/25/94 100.32
12/17/90 100.41
11/19/93 100.95
10/22/93 100.69
9/27/93 100.93
8/30/93 100.60
7/23/93 100.33
6/25/93 99.80
5/21/93 99.81
4/23/93 99.80
3/26/93 99.86
2/26/93 99.97
1/26/93 100.06
12/23/92 100.62
11/12/92 100.81
~ /fe ' It A tw1,? h e *l}{C< l • f &.r_ l "ff -CA eyJ'l,J /,, t tJ I'.' f-
l "-L,'--ic ,1 ~ Ii e (' ,1,, ~,_, Cl /Iv:,,, fLt ~-M ,;5 "'f tJw ~c1:rrt1tc1✓t cl t1t ,l /;;1ta-1 tc.1tfi t-ii,. fk lci1wf[, // ,_s
a~s· u~l//tf d c/t,, Jie__ I? -I 4 -f Y?e c/:
Page 1
State of North Carolina
Department of Environment,
Health and Natural Resources
Division of Solid Waste Management
James B. Hunt, Jr ., Governor
Jonathan B. Howes, Secretary
William L. Meyer, Director
Mr. Charles H. Gardner
Director, Division of Land Resources
51 2 North Salisbury Street
Raleigh, NC 27604
Dear Charles:
.NA
DEHNR
November 29, 1994
To follow-up on our preliminary conversation, I request that your
Division assist us as soon as possible in establishing a registered geological
benchmark adjacent to or on the state property of the Warren County PCB
Landfill.
We stand by to assist your team in any way possible. Please contact
Sharron Rogers of my staff for direct assistance on planning, site access, or
coordination with the Department of Administration, the official landowner of
the facility.
Sincerely,
"t.
William L. Meyer
Director
Dept.
Fax # 'f(Yl
Phone #
Fax #
P.O. Box 27687, Raleigh, North Carolina 27611-7687 Telephone [phone] FAX [phone]
An Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer 50% recycled/ 10% post-consumer paper
:·Mf:MO T;BI ~\ me ye• µ-, b-ll\-DATE, _j \ -1 , -er + susJEcT, \No. rre n ( Du. ri+ Y ·-:pcB 1 \ ~ \ K e ~ ~o-D , · · \ ctu.1,,1 /'le_ "-1 V'.J.Si f . f C ,-f> r~o. y -sY'°'e.. L0D n+s +he__ yo c...0 c.\a._ to...... -f r b o'f". -\--h.-e.... \cc 6 -':I o ..,.__ K n o L-0 i-VI f':_. s+r;ps v:i\ +he..-,,bLps" ShorDr; Wet .s de.scr, b, 'o The o+-he_, da. y. µ ex c,. h e (Yl ~ s. +-l,l)(.,. n + s. \--n s. 1:' e_ + h e rY\ . ~ I \ rf\ 12-+ n fY\ o r n u..::i o._ +-( '11 '4) s 3 q -'I D 7 1,e, ~ I -From: ______________ _ North Carolina Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources @ PrintedonRecyctedPaper
State of North Carolina
Department of Environment,
Health and Natural Resources
Division of Solid Waste Management
James B. Hunt, Jr., Governor
Jonathan B. Howes, Secretary
William L. Meyer, Director
November 18, 1994
Ms. Pauline Ewald
ECO
106 Robinson Street
Ashland, VA 23005
Dear Pauline:
.NA
DEHNR
Attached is a copy of a note which Bill received from Terese Vick
indicating your need for additional data. We respectfully request that you
specify to us the specific data that you require. A fax to myself or Bill will
suffice. Can we assume from the request that you wish to receive copies of
some of the chromatograms from the organic chemical analyses from the
July 27 and 28 sampling event? If you will send a list of the tests where
your chemist needs to study them, we will be glad to facilitate getting copies
for you. Please realize that the chromatograms are not in our possession, nor
have we reviewed them. We will have to request copies from the Health
Services Laboratory that performed the analyses and that maintains these
details.
I wish to repeat that you were provided with all the data that we
received or have used regarding this sampling event. Also, that we will be
glad to assist in getting copies of those chromatograms that are necessary to
your comparative analysis of the data or to resolve scientific questions.
Enclosure
xc H. Lancaster
D. Burwell
K. Ferruccio
W. Meyer
Very truly yours,
Sharron Rogers
Assistant Director
P.O. Box 27687, Raleigh, North Carolina 27611-7687 Telephone [phone] FAX [phone]
An Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer 50% recycled/ 10% post-consumer paper
WO~MARY
TITLE:
Joint State/Warren County PCB Landfill Working Group
DESCRIPTION:
The Secretary for the Department of Environment, Health & Natural Resources has organized a
citizen/state working group to investigate issues relating to the contents of the PCB Landfill's
containment technology; the costs of maintaining the landfill in its current condition; and, the
feasibility of detoxifying the landfill via an acceptable technology. It is intended that the
working group's composition reflect a correction of social, political environmental and economic
interests in Warren County.
WHAT WILL BE ACCOMPLISHED:
► Establish a list of interest groups to comprise the working group
► Identify county resident~ to serve on working group based upon the commitment to put in
long hours in and out of formal meetings.
► Identify state employee to participate on the working group based upon proposed levels
of subject matter expertise.
► Identify any other individuals to serve whose subject matter expertise may contribute to
goals of the working group.
RESOURCES:
It is estimated that $5,000 will be needed to support Working Group activities concerning this
issue. These funds will come from existing resources.
PERFORMANCE MEASURES:
This activity will result in the creation of data sampling report on the contents and integrity of the
landfill, dissemination of that information to the general public, selection of a recommendation to
the Secretary of EHNR and the Governor with respect to the future of the landfill, and a public
outreach campaign to the NC General Assembly, the US EPA and interested citizen and business
groups.
WARREN COUNT_V PCB LANDFILL OPERATIONAL OBJECTIVE: Expansion of the Working Group ACTION STEPS PERSON START DATE COMPLETION DATE Establish list of interests needing Lancaster 8/02/94 8/19/94 representation on Working Group (Howes, Meyer, Rimer) Meet with County Officials and Lancaster 8/22/94 8/31/94 Working Group Members Draft Proposed Expansion for Lancaster 9/01/94 9/07/94 Review by Department and Working Group Present Proposal to Working Group Lancaster 9/08/94 9/16/94 and Department for Review and Comment Final Approval of Proposal with Working Group 9/19/94 10/12/94 Amends by Department and Working Howes Group Official Appointment of Expanded Howes 10/17/94 10/21/94 Group (Lancaster)
State of North Carolina
Department of Environment,
Health and Natural Resources
Division of Solid Waste Management
James B. Hunt, Jr., Governor
Jonathan B. Howes, Secretary
William L. Meyer, Director
Ms. Pauline Ewald
ECO
106 Robinson Street
Ashland, VA 23005
Dear Pauline:
November 14, 1994
Upon close reading of your report to the Joint Warren County and State PCB
Working Group of November 3, we noticed the statement in the introductory
Summary about needing to wait for •necessary raw data• from the Division. We
need to receive clarification from you as quickly as you can provide it. To the best
of my knowledge, all raw data and accompanying laboratory documentation was
shipped to you as soon as we received it.
Several data packages were sent to your attention including chemical
analysis results performed by the NC Health Services Laboratory (principle PCB,
organic and inorganic analyses), results from Triangle Laboratories (contract lab
performing the dioxin analyses), and specialized analyses by EPA's Athens, GA
laboratory and by GE's Corporate R&D Laboratory on detailed PCB congener
determination in the landfill contents. These results were all sent by overnight
courier express, and we received verification of your receipt of these packages.
Therefore, we know of no additional data or documentation in our keeping that you
did not receive in a timely fashion. The last data package shipped to you contained
the single results of the •equipment blank•, which we had analyzed for dioxins by
Triangle Labs to assist in interpretation of the previously acquired dioxin data. This
result was sent to you on September 29 with accompanying letter.
Please let us know what you believe we have not provided, or any data that
is not readable, so that we can provide it for you immediately. If specific blocks of
data cannot be identified, you can send an inventory of what you have received and
we will provide any shortfall by overnight courier.
cc: Henry Lancaster
Dollie Burwell
Ken Ferruccio
Very truly yours,
Sharron Rogers
Assistant Director
P.O. Box 27687, Raleigh, North Carolina 27611-7687 Telephone [phone] FAX 919-71~3605
An Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer 50% recycled/ l 0% post-consumer paper
State of North Carolina
Department of Environment,
Health and Natural Resources
Division of Solid Waste Management
James B. Hunt, Jr., Governor
Jonathan B. Howes, Secretary
William L. Meyer, Director
MEMO
NA
DEHNR
TO: Members of Joint Warren County and State PCB Working Group
FROM: Sharron Roge~~
DATE: November 10, 1994
SUBJECT: For your use --EPA Factsheets on Base-Catalyzed
Decomposition (BCD) used at the Koppers' Superfund Site
to cleanup pentachlorophenol and dioxin-contaminated soils.
You may find the following EPA summary information, written for the public,
useful as we continue to evaluate BCD as a method for detoxifying the PCB
Landfill contents. These documents are part of the collection of information on
treatment technologies that we have acquired to support the Working Group's
consideration of technology options.
P.O. Box 27687, Raleigh, North Carolina 27611-7687 Telephone [phone] FAX [phone]
An Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer 50% recycled/ 10% post-consumer paper
..
SUPERFUND FACT SHEET UPDATE
BCD DECOMPOSITION TREATMENT FOR
THE KOPPERS, INC. SUPERFUND SITE
Morrisville, Wake County, North Carolina
June 1994
INTRODUCTION
The Record of Decision signed on December 23, 1992, for the Koppers Site in Morrisville, North Carolina, selected off-site
incineration as the preferred alternative for treating dioxin and pentachlorophenol. The Record of Decision also stated that
a "treatability study" of the Base Catalyzed Decomposition (BCD) innovative technology would be conducted to determine
its' ef9ctiveness on the contaminants of concern. Based upon the results of the treatability study a determination would be
made between utilizing incineration or the BCD technology at this Site. The treatability study was conducted from August 23 -
September 10, 1993, by EPA's SITE (Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation) Program . On August 31, 1993, the public
was invited to an open-house and viewing of the BCD technology in operation. Approximately 100 people attended the
morning meeting and afternoon Site visit.
The results from the treatability study have been finalized and based upon those results, the Agency has selected the BCD
treatment technology to be utilized at the Kopper's Site to treat contaminated on-site soil. The following is a brief synopsis
of those results. Since we are describing a very technical process, it presents a challenge to write this information in an easily
understood manner. This fact sheet is not to be considered a technical document. .. It is prepared for the public to provide a
better understanding of the procedure.
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION
The Base Catalyzed Decomposition (BCD) process
was developed to detoxify [convert, remove, destroy}
chlorinated organics in soils, sediments, and sludges .
The BCD process is a chemical and physical process
that decomposes and detoxifies chlorinated organic
compounds by removing the chlorine atoms from the
atomic structure in each such compound. The BCD
process was developed by EPA's Risk Reduction
Engineering Laboratory (RREL), which has patented
the process. Under a license agreement with RREL,
ETG Environmental, Inc. and Separation and Recovery
Systems, Inc. (SRS) developed the SAR~ THERM-
0-DETO~ system to commercialize the BCD process .
The SARE~ THERM-0-DETO~ system consists of
four major processing steps: (1) preconditioning
(screening and mixing) the contaminated soils/sludges
with an additive which enhances the process; (2)
heating the mixture in the Medium Temperature
Thermal Desorber to begin breakdown of the toxic
contaminants ; (3) separating them from the soil as a
vapor, recovering all the vapors from the desorber in
a vapor recovery system which collects and
condenses them back into liquid form, and (4)
condensate treatment which completes the chemical
decomposition (or conversion) of the liquids into non-
toxic compounds. [See Figure 1 of schematic and
picture of system constructed on Site during the
treatability study.]
THE PROCESS
The process begins by mixing sodium bicarbonate
reagent into the soil that is to be processed. [A
reagent is a substance used in a chemical reaction to
detect, examine, measure, or produce other
substances.} This mixture of soil and reagent then
travels on a conveyor belt into the medium
temperature thermal desorber, where it is heated for
approximately one hour at 650 to BOO degrees
.,
. Fa\fenheit in an atmosphere of inert gas. [Inert gas
in this process is a vapor substance that has no
chemical activity and only acts as a carrier.) The
desorbed organic compounds, including decomposition
products, are carried out of the desorber in an inert
gas stream to the vapor recovery system. In the vapor
recovery system the gas stream enters a series of
scrubbers that use nil and water sprayed directly into
the vapor stream to capture or trap and condense the
desorbed organic compounds, products of
decomposition, water vapor, and any fine substances
still in the gas stream (i.e., dust). A specially designed
oil scrubber uses a high boiling point oil to capture and
condense the organic compounds, water vapor, and
fine substances. Water scrubbers and demisters
{functions to remove moisture] are employed to further
reduce the contaminants remaining in the gas stream
before a final carbon adsorption step. The oil scrubber
condensate is recycled through the system and is
eventually transferred to the liquid tank reactor for final
treatment. [Condensate is the water or liquid removed
from the vapor during this step.) The cooling water is
recycled through the system and reused. Upon
demobilization, the cooling water is further treated
through granular activated carbon canisters and the
water is then discharged to an on-site wastewater
. treatment plant or publicly owned treatment works.
[Granular activated carbon filters out any remaining
contaminants. It functions much like the charcoal
filters in an aquarium.)
In the liquid tank reactor, the oily condensate is mixed
with a high-boiling-point hydrocarbon, sodium
hydroxide, and a proprietary catalyst [an ingredient
that enhances and increases the rate of chemical
reaction) for the final step of the process. The liquid
tank reactor is an indirectly heated tank processor,
with a paddle-type mixer, that is designed for high
efficiency electric heat transfer. The liquid tank reactor
is designed to operate at approximately 650°F for 4 to
6 hours; however, this temperature and residence time
will vary based on contaminant and matrix
characteristics.
RESIDUALS FROM TREATMENT PROCESS
The advantage of this technology is that it offers long-
term protection of the environment by eliminating soil
contamination. This treatment process generates five
primary waste streams: treated soils, wastewater,
scrubber oil, medium temperature thermal desorber
off-gas, and spent granular activated carbon.
Treated soils can be deposited on Site after thermal
processing and verification of effective treatment.
Reactor off-gas from the desorber is treated in the
vapor recovery system prior to discharging to the
atmosphere. Emission control requirements for the
thermal desorbers must comply with federal, state and
local regulations. Scrubber oil from the vapor
recovery system is treated in the liquid tank reactor to
complete the dechlorination of contaminants removed
from the soil. The treated scrubber oil will require
shipment off-site to a facility permitted to receive waste
oil for recycling. Wastewater from the various stages
of the treatment process will be treated to remove
contaminants prior to discharge.
Other solid wastes generated during the treatment
process include disposable equipment that comes in
contact with contaminated media, i.e., thick plastic or
rubber liner of the containment pad, personal
protection-equipment, hoses, and other materials.
SITE REQUIREMENTS
· The SAR~ THERM0-0-DETO~ system consists of
a medium temperature thermal desorption unit with
vapor recovery system, liquid tank reactor, water
storage tanks, a heat exchanger, and a water chilling
unit. The entire treatment system is transported on
three flatbed trailers. The system can be operational
within two or three days if all necessary facilities,
equipment, utilities, and supplies are available. After
the treatment is completed, the system can be
demobilized and moved off-site within three to four
days. Access roads are needed for equipment
transport and a level area is needed to accommodate
the treatment unit. Also, a containment pad with curb
sidings or an impermeable liner to control contaminant
migration from the treatment area . ..... ,.
Site preparatton requirements for contaminated soil
excavation include construction of siltation fencing, and
dust control. Screening and blending of soils can be
performed in a roll-off container. Soil particles larger
j ..
,;
'
., \
MORE INFORMATION
Copies of all documents developed during the
Superfund process to-date are available for public
review in the local area repository:
Wake County Public Library, Cary Branch
31 0 South Academy Street
Cary, North Carolina 27511
Phone: [phone]
----------------------------------
To receive technical information or copies of some of
the available literature, please contact:
Beverly Hudson, Remedial Project Manager
Diane Barrett, Community Relations Specialist
North Superfund Remedial Branch
U.S. E.P .A., Region 4
345 Courtland Street, N.E.
Atlanta, Georgia 30365
Phone: [phone]
--------------····· ----------------
To be added to the Kopper's mailing list, please complete the following information and return to Diane Barrett.
ADDRESS
CITY, STATE, ZIP CODE
PHONE (Opticoal)
---------------------------------------------------------------------·----------------------
SUPERFUND FACT SHEET UPDATE
KOPPERS, INC.
Morrisville, Wake County, North Carolina
INTRODUCTION
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in accordance
with the Record of Decision signed on December 23, 1992, for
the Koppers Site in Morrisville conducted a treatability study
utilizing the Base Catalyzed Decomposition (BCD) dechlorination
technology from August 23 · September 10, 1993. The EPA's
Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE) Program
located in Cincinnati, Ohio was responsible for conducting the
study of the BCD technology developed by EPA using the
SAREX-THERMO-O-DETOX111 system developed by ETG
Environmental, Inc. and Separation and Recovery Systems, Inc.
(SAS). The purpose of the treatability study is to determine ~ the
BCD technology will effectively remove pentachlorophenol (PCP)
and dioxins from the soil. The Record of Decision had selected
ott-si1e incineration as the preferred remedy for treating these
contaminants because incineration is a proven method which
destroys pentachlorophenol and dioxin. However, the citizens
that live around the Site strongly preferred that the Agency try
dechlorination Instead of hauling the contaminated soil off to
some else's backyard to be incinerated. . Based upon public
preference, the Agency conducted a treatability study of the BCD
innovative technology. If the technology proves to be effective in
destroying the contaminants of concern, the BCD treatment
method will be used at the Koppers Site.
CJ
,_,, ..... N•K• l"I', It<._,...._.,....,.....
__ ,.._ •tt •,-,.ctU1111 ,ic --••1on .......
•
~u ... ~..,... ....... :.
... •·····
·""' ....
September 1993
BRIEF SITE HISTORY
The Site was used as a wood processing facility from 1959 until
1986. Pentachlorophenol was used in the CELLON wood treating
process between 1968 until 1975. Pentachlorophenol was used
in this process. In 1980 the State of North Carolina conducted an
inspection of the Site where high levels of pentachloropoonol
were found in the soils of the lagoon and CELLON treatment
areas. Koppers, Inc. installed monitoring wells in 1980 around
the plant area to test the grounctNater. They also conducted two
removal actions in 1980 and 1986 to remove soil from the former
lagoon areas. The Site was proposed for the National Priorities
List in June of 1988 and was finalized In March of 1989. A
Remedial Investigation was then conducted which identified
pentachlorophenol; polychlorinated dibenzo-p-<Jioxins; poly-
chlorinated dibenzo furans; and isopropyl ether as the major
contaminants of concern. The Feasibility Study studied methods
for effectively treating these various contaminants. Based upon
Information provided by the Study, It was detennlned that
incineration was the only proven method of the day that was
capable of destroying ~se contaminants .. The .dechlorination
process was also considered but because It was not a proven
method of treatment and there was no available field data to
indicate the method was efficient, it was not selected as the
. preferred remedy. [Site map, Figure 1.)
-0-:=-
""'-lnrtl ~ . --
C)
-~\-//
'·-· .,....
.--·
~ 0 //
00 .. // . .,,m -
...
BASE-CATAL VZED DECOMPOSITION (BCD)
On August 31, 1993, EPA's SITE program held a demonstration
of the BCD technology for the public providing those attending
with a personal observation of the process, what It looked like
and the opportunity to ask questions. The day started off with a
meeting held in the auditorium at the EPA laboratory facility in
Research Triangle Park (ATP}. Approximately 100 people
attended the morning meeting. After the morning session
participants were transported via bus from ATP to the Koppers
Site to view the operation in process. For those of you that were
unable to attend the event the picture above shows what the
operation looked like. The process in a nutshell is as follows: ·
(1) excavated soil mixed with a reagent is placed into the bin
where it is screened to remove large particles;·
-:. .. : . ·,,.. .. -. -
(2) the soil travels up the conveyor belt and goes into the feed
hopper;· ---. .,. · . · ·· · ··-·· -
(3) the soil then moves through a medium-heat thermal
desorption unit which causes the volatile organics to· separate
from the heated soil and which also causes decomposition of
some of the chlorinated contaminants; ·
(4) treated soil next moves through a conveyor system where the
soil is cooled;
(5) next the cooled soil is sprayed with cold water for dust control
and is placed in 55-gallon drums. The clean treated son can then
be either placed back on the Site or used for other purposes.
(6) the volatile organics that separate from the soil in step 3
travel into a vapor recovery system where they are captured in a
hot oil scrubbing system; · · ·
(7) the oily mixture is then treated in the BCD tank;
The treatment process is a totally closed system and operates on
electricity. · ·
The EPA expects to have the results from the treatability study in
approximately 6-9 months. at which time we will prepare another
fact sheet informing the public ·of the results of the study and
whether or not the BCD technology will be used as the treatment
remedy at this Site. -· · .:-· · · ·· · ·
In the meantime, should you need more information about Site activities, you can either visit the local
. information repository to review all of the documents developed to date located at:
Wake County Public Library, Cary Branch
31 0 South Academy Street
Cary, North Carolina 27511
Phone: [phone]
Hours: Monday -Thursday: 9:00 am -9:00 pm
Friday -Saturday: 9 :00 am -6:00 pm
Sunday: 1:00 pm -5:00 pm
EPA Region 4 Record Center
345 Courtland Street, Ground Floor
Atlanta, Georgia 30365
Phone: [phone]
Hours: Monday -Friday:
or, either write or telephone:
8:00 am -5:00 pm
Beverly Hudson, Remedial Project Manager
or
Diane Barrett, NC Community Relations Coordinator
North Superfund Remedial Branch
Waste Management Division
US EPA, Region 4
345 Courtland Street, NE
Atlanta, Georgia 30365
Phone: [phone]
~------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------~
If you would like to be added to the Koppers, Inc. Site malling 11st, please complete the following, and mall
to Diane Barrett at the above address. Thank you.
NAM __________________________ _
ADORE$ _________________________ _
-~ .. •,.·. ·----------------.....,...--------------
PHONE NO. ___________________________ _
. . . . .
AFFILIATION (If a"""il· '+-.-----------,..-------------
L--------. ------------------------------------------------------------
I .
I ' I . . I . I I ..
~~
WARREN COUNTY HEALTH DEPARTMENT
544 WEST RIDGEWAY STREET
WARRENTON , NORTH CAROLINA 27589
November 10, 1994
TELEPHONE: [phone]
FAX II: [phone]
Ms. Roberta Riley
Rt. 4, Box 458
Warrenton, NC 27589
Dear Ms. Riley,
The Warren County Health Department does not have the funds to
provide the immediate testing tor dioxin in your weli water as you
requested in your letter of November 7, 1994, since I have heard no
evidence which would suggest that there is a likelihood of dioxin in
your well coming from the PCB Landfill. Ms. Pauline Ewald, a
professional consultant trusted by the most avid opponents of the PCB
Landfill, stated in your hearing that she did not believe there is any
present danger to citizens around the area from the PCB landfill.
The publicity regarding the dioxin found in the PCB monitoring
wells has created sufficient concern among our citizens that I am
researching the topic to find the most up-to-date information to share
with our citizens in the near future. In conjunction with this we will
be considering the appropriateness of requesting the testing of area
wells for dioxin, either as part of the long-term plan to be developed
through the PCB Landfill Working Group or independently as a public
health intervention.
In addition to the aforementioned testimony of Ms. Ewald the
following items lead me to conclude that there is no evidence of
discernible health risk to anyone near the PCB Landfill from dioxin
from the Landfill:
1. The most likely explanation for the levels of
dioxin detected in the PCB Landfill monitoring wells
is background contamination of the equipment used
for sampling.
2. If indeed there is a detectable amount of dioxin
in the monitoring well water it is most likely not
from the PCB Landfill for the following reasons:
A. Essentially the same levels of dioxin
were found in both the up and down gradient
wells which would not conform to expected
patterns of groundwater contamination
migration.
B. Since the Landfill contains much higher
concentrations of PCBs than dioxins and since
PCBs and dioxins have similar migration patterns
the presence of dioxins and absence of PCBs
would indicate that the dioxins came from a
source other than the PCB Landfill.
Riley
November 10, 1994
Page 2
c. Available evidence including the retention
of vast amounts of water in the Landfill and the
absence of water in the secondary leachate
collection system beneath the Landfill liner
points to no leakage from the Landfill.
D. Dioxins are present in our environment
from numerous sources and the amount detected
in the monitoring wells was so small that
it is perfectly raasonable to theorize that
sources other than the Landfill were responsible
for the dioxin found in the monitoring well.
3. Dioxins do not have characteristics which promote
migration in the groundwater. Even if there was
evidence that the Landfill was leaking (which there is
not) it would be highly unlikely that, given the extremely
low level in the wells right next to the Landfill, dioxin
would have migrated as far as two miles away.
We will continue to review matters related to dioxin or any other
potential health threat of concern to our citizens. If evidence is
forthcoming which points to a significant risk to our citizens we will
take necessary action.
I am forwarding your request and a copy of my response to Mr. Bill
Meyers, Director of the North Carolina Division of Solid Waste
Management, and to Dr. Ronald Levine, State Health Director, for their
review.
I regret that I cannot meet your current request. I will be
happy to review any additional information you have which may change
my view on this matter.
.~tJ /~ sirrr71y, ~~
~nnis W. Retzl f, ~ctor
CC: Warren County Board of Commissioners
Warren County Board of Health
Mr. Bill Meyers
Dr. Ron Levine
WARRE~ CO H~ALTH
~t-if Fax Note 7672
DRAFT
9192572897 11-10-94 04=10PM [26) ~1
,;:. ,:P,,1,1;c, !5 '.,'U'.c,;Da!ii) I c/w ~:~•) '\,.~:'C(r
frc:n 7 )cJ)/li5 kt. fz_.}() Fl
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~v=.:::r: Df.r.,l.\)Y.:lc~1:,
C?~i::~
:::!'::,::~~r:::::
PLEASE CALL ME IF YOU HAVE SERIOUS CONCERNS. THANKS
Ms. Roberta Riley
Rt. 4, Box 458
Warrenton, NC 27589
Dear Ms. Riley,
The Warren County Health Department does not have the funds to
provide the immediate testing for dioxin in your well water as you
requested in your letter of November 7, 1994, since I have heard no
evidence which would suggest that there is a likelihood of dioxin in
your well coming from the PCB Landfill. Ms. Pauline Ewald, a
professional consultant trusted by the most avid opponents of the PCB
Landfill, stated in your hearing that she did not believe there is any
present danger to citizens around the area from the PCB landfill.
The publicity regarding the dioxin found in the PCB monitoring
wells has created sufficient concern among our citizens that I am
researching the topic to find the most up-to-date information to share
with our citizens in the near future. In conjunction with this we will
be considering the appropriateness of requesting the testing of area
wells for dioxin, either as part of the long-term plan to be developed
through the PCB Landfill Working Group or independently as a public
health intervention .
In addition to the aforementioned testimony of Ms. Ewald the
following items lead me to conclude that there is no evidence of
discernible health risk to anyone near the PCB Landfill from dioxin
from the Landfill:
1. The most likely explanation for the levels of
dioxin detected in the PCB Landfill monitoring wells
is background contamination of the equipment used
for sampling.
.. tor sampling.
'
2. If indeed there is a detectable amount of dioxin
in the monitoring well water it is most likely not
from the PCB Landfill for the following reasons:
A. Essentially the same levels of dioxin
were found in both the up and down gradient
wells which would not conform to expected
patterns of groundwater contamination
migration.
B. Since the Landfill contains much higher
concentrations of PCBs than dioxins and since
PCBs and dioxins have similar migration patterns
the presence of dioxins and absence of PCBs
would indicate that the dioxins came from a
WARREN CO HEALTH ' 9192572897 11-10-94 04:llPM [26] ij2
source other than the PCB Landfill.
c. Available evidence including the retention
of vast amounts of water in the Landfill and the
absence of water in the secondary leachate
collection system beneath the Landfill liner
points to no leakage from the Landfill.
D. Dioxins are present in our environment
from numerous sources and the amount detected
in the monitoring wells was so small that
it is perfectly reasonable to theorize that
sources other than the Landfill were responsible
for the dioxin found in the monitoring well.
3. Dioxins do not have characteristics which promote
migration in the groundwater. Even if there was
evidence that the Landfill was leaking (which there is
not) it would be highly unlikely that, given the extremely
low level in the wells right next to the Landfill, dioxin
would have migrated as far as two miles away.
We will continue to review matters related to dioxin or any other
potential health threat of concern to our citizens. If evidence is
forthcoming which points to a sifnificant I am forwarding
your request and a copy of my response to Mr. Bill Meyers, Director of
the North Carolina Division of Solid Waste Management, and to Dr.
Ronald Levine, State Health Director, for their review.
cc: Warren County Board cf Commissioners
Warren County Board of Health
Mr. Bill Meyers
Dr. Ron Levine
cone
WARRE~ CO ~_f-ALTH 9192572897 11-10-94 04=12PM [26) t::3
Novembe~· 7. 1994
Mr. Dennis Retzlaff
Warren Co. Health Director
544 Ridgeway St.
Warrenton, NC 27589
Dear Mr. Retzlaff:
I am writing co your agency as a concerned citizen of
Warren County regarding the recent te.sting · completed
at the PCB landfill. I understand that dioxins were
identified bocb inside the landfill and in two of the
monitoring wells on site . As a resident living only
tw'o miles from the landfi 11, I .am reqiies ting that my
water be t:esce<l for dioxin imm e diately.
·:· ._ ··: ~: · ... · ..
In addition I know chat l will noc be satisfied with
the test results if they are solely conducted by the
Stace of Ncirth Carolina . I fe~l that the state has a
vcsteu interest in finding '1no trace11 of dioxin in my
\,,,later and so request thar eith1..~r a split-sampling pro-
cedure be utilized with an independent organization or
th,:'.lt the test be performed solelv hv an irnfopendPnt
organizarinn.
I understand that this test is quite costly and I do
not believ£ that I should have to pay for it. The
state has previously committed to test private wells
around the landfill within a three mile rudius, and
I am well within that boundary. I am requesting a
written response to this letter no later than Thurs-
dc1y, Ifovember 10, 1994 .
Sincerc~ly ,
Roberta Riley
Rt. L+ Box Li58
Warrenton > NC 27589
cc: NC Div Solid Wuste Mngmt .
State of North Carolina \ f
Department of Environment, i ;
Health and Natural Resources
Division of Solid Waste Management
James B. Hunt, Jr., Governor
Jonathan B. Howes, Secretary
William L. Meyer, Director
November 8, 1994
Mr. Kurt Fehn
Superfund Branch
US Environmental Protection Agency
345 Courtland Street NE
Atlanta, GA 30365
Dear Kurt:
~!·;2\ ... li.ii:wJ tws a a n
DEHNR
During a meeting of the Joint Warren County and State PCB Working
Group last week, Pauline Ewald, the Working Group's Science Advisor,
submitted the enclosed report along with an oral presentation. You will recall
that I had promised to provide you with copies of all technical summaries
resulting from the sampling event in July. This is the first. During the
presentation Ms. Ewald also reported that she will prepare a technical
comparison of the state's data and ECO's split sample results for the state. I will
provide you with a copy of that report as well, when we receive it.
Copies of all laboratory data prepared by state laboratories or contract
labs were delivered to Ms. Ewald in August upon our receipt (One additional
sample result was sent in September), thus we would not expect substantial
delay in receiving this report.
In addition to the ECO report, I have enclosed a copy of the Sampling
Plan as it was approved by the Working Group.
~ . cc. Pauline Ewald
Enclosures
Very truly yours,
Sharron E. Rogers
Assistant Director
•
P.O. Box 27687. Raleigh. North Carolina 27611-7687 Telephone [phone] FAX [phone]
An Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer 50% recycled/ 10% post-consumer paper
' t
I.
State of North Carolina
Department of Environment,
Health and Natural Resources
Division of Solid Waste Management
James B. Hunt, Jr., Governor
Jonathan B. Howes, Secretary
WIiiiam L. Meyer, Director
MEMO
JULY 12, 1994
TO: Members of Joint Warren County end State PCB Working Group
FROM: ~r I Sharron Rogers
SUBJECT: Transmittal of Draft Sampling Plan
A draft of the Sampling Plan for the Warren County PCB landfill is enclosed
for your review. Please find en opportunity to review the document prior to
the next meeting of the Working Group, which we understand is scheduled
to meet at 4pm on Tuesday, July 19 et the Episcopal Church in Warrenton.
Please contact us in advance of the meeting if you would like additional
information or if we can assist in any way.
Additional Distribution:
L. Rimer
H. Lancaster
P.O. Box 27687. Raleigh. North Carolina 27611-7687 Telephone 919~733--4996 FAX [phone]
An Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer 50'1, recycled/ 1°"' post-consumer paper
FIELD SAMPLING PLAN
FOR WARREN COUNTY PCB LANDFILL
Draft Draft
July 12, 1994
Prepared for
Draft
Joint Warren County and State PCB Working Group
by
North Carolina Department of Environment, Health, and Natural
Resources
Division of Solid Waste Management
FIELD SAMPLING PLAN
FOR WARREN COUNTY PCB LANDFILL
FIELD SAMPLING OVERVIEW
TEAM ORGANIZATION
OVERSIGHT
SITE SAFETY
PUBLIC AND MEDIA OBSERVATION
METHODS AND PROTOCOLS
LANDFILL CONTENT SAMPLES
• PURPOSE"
FIELD SAMPLING METHODS
FIELD SAMPLING LOCATION
SAMPLING PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS
FIELD EQUIPMENT REQUIRED
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
CHEMICAL TEST METHODS
QUALITY ASSURANCE PLAN
LANDFILL LEACHATE SAMPLES
GROUNDWATER SAMPLES
SURFACE WATER SAMPLES
SURFACE SOIL SAMPLES
CARBON & SAND FILTER SAMPLES
SEDIMENTATION BASIN SUBSTRATE SAMPLES
SITE SAFETY PLAN
. Outline details of this section are repeated in each following section.
FIELD SAMPLING OVERVIEW
TEAM ORGANIZATION
All field efforts by staff of the Division of Solid Waste Management or
its contractors will be lead by the Site Manager of the field effort. A Site
Safety Officer will be appointed by the Director of the Division and will be
independent of the direction of the site manager.
The field team, reporting to the site manager, will consist of adequate
numbers of staff to safely complete all required field sampling, labeling, and
reporting tasks in an efficient manner. Individual members of the field team
will coordinate with the disciplinary task leader developing the methodologies
and protocols for the field sampling and analysis effort. These disciplines
include:
Environmental chemistry
Environmental engineering
Hydrogeology
Environmental toxicology
Environmental statistics
Analytical chemistry
OVERSIGHT
The Science Advisor to the Joint Warren County and State PCB
Landfill Working Group or her staff will be allowed to directly oversee all field
activities of the Division of Solid Waste Management or its contractors at the
field sampling effort upon the following qualifications: All such oversight
individuals must be currently trained by 4O-hour OSHA hazardous waste
worker standards and must attend a site safety briefing held by the Site
Safety Officer prior to field activities.
SITE SAFETY
A site safety plan has been prepared for this sampling and analysis
event. All individuals present during this effort as team members, oversight
personnel, or observers will be required to adhere to the requirements of this
plan. The Site Safety Officer will be the authority for the site safety plan's
implementation. This authority is separate from the authority of the team
manager, who has the overall field sampling plan responsibility.
2. Sample analysis reguest -this form accompanies samples from the
field to the laboratory. It lists individual samples uniquely by listing the
unique sample identification number from the sample label and directs
the analytical laboratory to perform the appropriate analysis on each
sample.
3. Recejpt of samples form -this form is used when the original
sampling team releases split, duplicate, or original samples to another
person or group. This form will be used in this field sampling exercise
when split or duplicate samples are relenquished to the science
advisor.
4. Examples of two field sampling labels have been attached to a page
for demonstration. These labels have distinct computer generated
identification numbers which aids in quality control and field
eff eciency. Separate label systems exist for samples to be analyzed
for organic constituents and those to be analyzed for inorganic
constituents.
To the extent practical all methods and protocols used during the
· Warren County PCB Landfill environmental characterization will be published
protocols or standards, or modifications of such necessary for the specific
conditions of this effort. In general, all planned field sampling activities and
subsequent chemical analyses follow or are derived from:
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1991, Environmental Compliance
Branch Standard Operating Procedures and Quality Assurance Manual.
N.C. Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources, Division of
Solid Waste Management, 1993, Sample Collection Guidance Document.
Occupational Safety and Health Administration Directorate of Technical
Support. 1 990. Instruction CPL 2-2.20B CH-1, Chapter 1 Personal Sampling
for Air Contaminants.
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Solid Waste. 1994. SW-
846. Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste Physical Chemical Methods.
Sampling and analysis methods not modelled after the above published
methods are considered survey or research methods and will be used in
addition to, not in replacement of, published methods, where applicable.
All sampling and analysis of samples will be conducted under standard
chain-of-custody methods of the Division of Solid Waste Management, which
comply with all federal environmental regulatory requirements.
Page_of_
SOUD WASTE MANAGEMENT DMSION
Receipt for Samples
Name of Firm Firm Address
Firm Owner, Operator, or Agent Title
SAMPLE '2LI,it~EI2 SAMpu: TYPE
NUMBER DATEITIME WATER:soILIOTHER
./
Receipt for the sample(s) described
above is hereby acknowledged:
Signature of Inspector
Title
~~PLIC!IE Sf.HPLE Sf.H:eLt ~Q!;;!IlQH OFRD 1ACPTIRJCTD ONSITEIOFFSITE
Receipt/rejection of duplicate or
split samples is hereby acknowledged:
Signature of Finn Owner, Operator,
or Agent
Title
Comments: _______________________________ _
5
(A:\COCR.FRM)
Purpose:
Preparation:
Enforccmmt and compliance with the N.C. Solid and Hazardou, Wutc Managem=t Rules.
A aample analyses requat form must be completed for each type of evaluation requeatcd (inorsanic or orsanic).
Each sample container should be labeled. Sample containen for orsanic analysis abould be identified with organ:
labels and containers for inoraanic analysis with inor,anic labels. To assist in trackina the umples, a unique samph. ·•
identification number (pre-printed on the label) abould be uaiped to the umplea from ea.ch sampling point. All
oraanic sample containm from the ume aample point may be ide.ntified with the ame unique sample ID number,
and likewiae for inoraanic aample containers. Blank label• can be provided for additional containers.
Do not submit an analysia requeat form without any parameters indicated.
Equivalent mcasuremmts: ppm• l'Slml • mgll •"'''•milk&
ppb c "'fl c l'J/1000& • l'Jlk&
DEFINITIONS/INSTRUCTIONS
Site Number• A unique twelve-diJit lite/location identifier (i.e., the EPA identification number).
Name or Site• Name of facility, landfill, etc.
Site Location • City and county.
Sample ID Number/Name • a unique ample identification number which i, preprinted on the sample label and the umple
-name which may be an identifier for the sampling point (1Ucb as MW-1 or SS-2).
Collected By • Name and staff identification number of collector.
Date and Time Collected • Self-explanatory.
EnTironmental • Naturally occurring materials such u sround water, surface water, or 10il1 which may be contaminate
Concentrate
Comments
• Waste material, including but not limited to, sludges, resins, treatment effluents, or dnunmed wastes.
• Include sample or sample point data (e.J. umple location, well number, phase separation, and/or odor).
lnoriank Chemistry • Check (I) the desired parameters for analysis. Jf not listed, eater parameter in the space provided.
Orianic Chemistry • Check (I) the desired analytical acan (P&T:GC/MS IC&DS for volatile organic compounds, and
Acid:B/N Ext. IC&D.J for semi-volatile organic compounds). If not listed, mter the compound in
the apace provided.
TCLP Compounds • Check (I) the desired parameters to be analyzed. TCLP can only be performed on 10Jid or semi-
10lid samples. For totals of the inorsanic pan.meters, check (I) the correapondina parameter
under lnoriank Chemistry. For totals of the organic parameten, check (I) the corresponding
parameter acan under Orianic Cbemlstry.
Distribution: 1. Send or deliver the original to the Laboratory Services Division.
2. The Lab then sends a copy (with results) to the Solid Waste Manaaement Division.
3. The Solid Waste Management Division aends a copy to the field person or collector.
Disposition: 'Ibis form may be destroyed in accordance with the Environmental He&Jth, Solid and Huardous Waste Section of
the Records Dis;positjop Schedule as publilbed by the North C&rolina Division of Archivea and His~ry.
Additional forms may be ordered from: Solid Waste Management Division
Haz.ardous Waste Section
P.O. Box 27687
Raleiib, N.C. 27611•7687
'1
LANDFILL CONTENT SAMPLES
PURPOSE
• Collect samples of contents of Warren County PCB Landfill to determine
chemical content of all PCB isomers, dioxin and di-benzo furan isomers,
general organic chemical scans for volatile and semi-volatile organic
contaminants, toxic metals, and the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching
Procedure (TCLP).
• Collect samples of landfill contents for analysis of physical soil
characteristics and nutrient availability
• Determine water level within landfill
• Collect and analyze sample of gases within the landfill
• Construct a temporary water level sampling system through the air vent
• Establish gas sampling port, to support any future sampling, during
reconstruction of air vent.
FIELD SAMPLING METHOD
Following collection of a preliminary air (gas) sample from within the landfill,
the Schedule 40 4 • PVC air-vent pipe will be cut off just above ground level.
The gas sample will be acquired using a Gilliam personal air sampling pump,
collected a known volume of gases from within the landfill through a
specialized air sample filter containing charcoal as a collection media. Landfill
content (soil) samples will be acquired by all terrain vehicle (A TV) mounted
with a 1" hydraulic Geoprobe sampling device ("Scorpion") and/or hand
auger. Three or more continuous soil column samples will be acquired first.
These samples will be sleeved in PET plastic tubes. Subsamples from these
columns will be directed for chemical analysis. Additional bulk landfill
content samples will be squired by Geoprobe or hand auger and will be
directed for the bulk physical analyses. ·.
FIELD SAMPLING LOCATION($) (ATTACH SKETCH IF APPROPRIATE)
All samples will be taken at or within the central air vent for the landfill. A
schematic drawing of this unit is included with this description.
SAMPLING PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS
Air sampling and site preparation will occur one day before the major field
sampling exercise. A minimum of two, 40-hour OSHA-trained field staff will
be required. On the main sampling day, in addition to the two operators of
the Scorpion-Geoprobe unit, two 40-hour OSHA-trained field staff will be
required for sample preparation, recordkeeping, and general field support
activities.
All samples will be labelled using a number controlled unique sample label.
Chain-of-custudy procedures of the Division of Solid Waste Management will
be used on all samples, continuing throughout the sample transport and
chemical analysis steps by all laboratories. An example of DSWM labels,
Chain-of-custody Record, Receipt of Sample, and Sample Analysis Request
Form are included in the overview section of this field sampling plan.1
Field collected samples of the contents of the landfill targeted for PCB
analysis will be duplicated for analysis by the EPA Lab in Athens, GA and GE
Corp Environmental Laboratory in Schnectady, NY. In addition,
duplicate/split sample{s) of up to 25% of landfill content samples will be
prepared for a CLP laboratory selected by the Working Group's scientific
advisor; Sample{s) for dioxin analysis will be prepared. One or more field or
.,trip blanks" will be prepared for analysis by the State Health Services Lab.
1 This condition will apply to all elements of this plan, and will not be repeated throughout
the document.
11
July 5, 1994
MEMORANDUM
TO:
FROM:
RE:
Sharon RogersC'()f,
David J. Lown ~
Approximate Thickness of Waste at the Gas Vent
PCB Landfill, Warren County ·
The thickness of the PCB contaminated waste at the landfill
may vary ~rom 22.5 to 25.5 feet thick. During the sampling of the
waste through the gas vent, I recommend the following:
1) sample runs be reduced to a maximum of six inches
per run at a depth of 24 feet below the top of the
concrete slab at the gas vent; and
2) sampling be stopped when any of the components of
the liner at the base of the landfill are
identified.
The components of the liner that should be identifiable
include, in descending order, the fabric filter, nine inches of
sand, compacted clay. The compacted clay is five feet thick and
overlies one foot of fill and the 30 mil PVC liner. Figure l shows
the details of the bottom liner.
The estimated original thickness of the landfill is based on
the drawings that you provided... Figure 2 is copied from the
drawing labeled "Cross-sections." Table 1 shows the measured
thicknesses of the landfill at the gas-vent slab.
Changes in the thickness of the waste is based on survey data
found in Randy McElveen's files on the landfill. The slab may have
settled two to three feet. The data was collected by the Solid
Waste and the Hazardous Waste Sections for the elevation of the
monitoring wells and the concrete slab at the gas vent. This data
is shown in Table 2. The concrete slab at the gas vent and the
four monitoring wells were surveyed after completion of the
landfill. This data is shown on the as-built drawing "Misc.
Details." The concrete slab and the monitoring wells were
resurveyed in 1991 and 1992.
The accuracy of this data is questionable. On the as-built
drawing, the monitoring well elevations are only given to the
nearest foot and what was surveyed at the well (top of casing, top
of concrete slab) is not indicated. The Hazardous Waste and Solid
Waste Section survey data differ by as much as 0.22 feet.
13
C.LAY
U .IDG!NG-l"ATE~IAL
LtAC. MAT!s c.ouEc., T ION
SUSGR.At)!
LAND FILL
C,ouNrY
1-______
5.._""'d 'f I/
C. I°'! s'
F.-il ,,
So..."'d q't -'JO MIL PVC..
BoTToM LIN!.R
S-..p...-ol;Je.
15
of" LAtJOFILL... e
ve~+
5
7, z_
'::)Ct,J..,Vt:..£ ~ As .-bwfr c::fra..wij '' {!,r¢$-sc~-fio11ts."'
5 e. c--t ; o ~ IO I " 3 N,
17
LANDFILL LEACHATE SAMPLES
PURPOSE
• Collect sample of leachate (liquid content of landfill) from Warren County
PCB Landfill to determine chemical content of PCB isomers, dioxin and di-
benzo furan isomers, general organic chemical scans for volatile and semi-
volatile organic constituents, and toxic metals.
FIELD SAMPLING METHOD
The method used in collecting samples of leachate from the landfill will
follow those used in previous leachate sampling efforts. Use of the sample
sampling method will allow comparison of previously acquired data to the
new information. Sufficient sample will be withdrawn from the leachate
collection system sampling port and from the inlet the the filter system to
conduct the required chemical analyses. In addition, a sample will be drawn
from the outlet from the filter system. A variety of sample sizes and
containers is required. Samples for organic chemical analysis may be filtered,
and b.Q1h the liquid fraction and the filter media will be submitted for
analysis. This would be necessary with samples with high particulate
content to determine the actual location of any complex organic molecules,
i.e., are they in the water itself or in the solids suspended in the water.
FIELD SAMPLING LOCAJION(S) (ATTACH SKETCH IF APPROPRIATE)
The leachate collection system engineered into the design of the landfill
includes an access or sampling port located near the pump house on the
north end of the fenced area. A diagram of the sampling port is enclosed.
In addition, the leachate can be sampled from the inlet to the filter system
(as noted in the drawing accompanying the sample plan for the sand and
carbon filter section).
SAMPLING PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS
Two teams of two hydrogeological sampling personnel will complete this
task along with the sampling of the four monitoring wells during the main
sampling day's efforts.
FIELD EQUIPMENT REQUIRED
Standard, portable field sampling equipment will be required. A variety of
sample bottles will be available to be properly labeled for the required organic
and inorganic analyses. Portable decontamination equipment will also be
employed to prevent any cross-contact with the chemistry from one sample
to another.
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REQUIRE ••-•'"·"·''i.·•~,..-.~ .. ,,. -,..;,• ...... :!•··-'···'i. •. • • • •. • • • • •••• , ,.. • • . • .• .,.... .., ••• 1 .: .• • -('!•-., ·i . • ! .••••• • •• ,.,. • • •• , •••• -• ,..,.,~.• :; • _ •• ,,.,,.." .... •'~-• .•• .,., ... .:~, .,~-?---'r:..:~ ... ·r..·m •• · ,.:...----:_, .. -.• ,..; :d' . .-~.,,, " . · ' · ' . . .• · ·.it RE~~IR.;~{~~:. uPP~~~~~~~~~-:_~~1:i:UEC.l lu!!iS°!S'.".1:-.M~;~n ~ ~: .. •~
Duplicate samples, that approximate split samples by alternately filling paired
sample containers, can be prepared as required. True split samples cannot
be prepared because of the risk of lowering measurable levels of any volatile
organic chemicals during any required mixing.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
Level D protective equipment for sampling personnel will be required. This
includes long-sleeved shirts, long-legged pants, safety shoes, impact
protective eyeware, and disposable surgical gloves.
CHEMICAL TEST METHOP(Sl
Samples will be transferred to the appropriate laboratory under chain of
custody. All samples to be analyzed for organic chemicals will be maintained
at a temperature below 4°C to maintain any organic chemicals in the sample
(required by standard protocol). PCB analysis by EPA Method 8290. Other
types of chemicals to be analyzed and their corresponding tests include:
volatile organics (Method 8240), semivolatile organics (Method 8270),
pesticides and herbicides (Method 8081 and 8141 ), and toxic metals (various
methods).
QUALITY ASSURANCE PLAN/INCLUDE SPLIT SAMPLES AND ALTERNATE LABS)
As selected by the science advisor, up to 20% of the individual samples
collected from the groundwater monitoring wells will have duplicates
prepared for the independent verification. A •trip blank" sample, containing
organic-free water will be prepared to accompany the sample containers
during the entire sampling process, transfer to the laboratory, and through
final chemical analysis. This technique is a standard part of the quality
assurance program for this sampling protocol and is a routine practice of the
Division of Solid Waste field sampling staff.
SURFACE WATER SAMPLES
PURPOSE
• Collect and analyze water and stream sediment samples to determine if
PCB congeners are present.
FIELD SAMPLING METHOD
Standard field methods for collecting samples of flowing water and stream
bottom sediments will be used. Care must be taken to minimize disturbance
of the stream, e.g., downstream samples taken before upstream, water
samples taken before stream bottom sediment samples, and all sample
collection equipment and containers carefully decontaminated by organic-free
methods before and after use. Subject to the amount of flow present in the
stream at the time of sampling, surf ace water samples are obtained by
standing downstream of the water to be sampled, turning the container
sideways, partially submerging the container allowing water to fill the
container with minimal agitation. Floating debris must be prevented from
entering the sampling container.
Stream substrate samples are collected by forcing a hollow tube into the
sediment to a depth of up to 8 ", followed by capping the tube before
removing it from the sediment, then transferring this collected material to the
sample container that will be sent to the laboratory. This step is repeated
until adequate quantity of sample is acquired. In the event of a rocky or
impenitratable substrate, a glass sample container is used in place of the
sample tube. In this case, substrate is collected by secondary container and
transferred.
Samples will be taken at four locations, two each on the two streams near
the Landfill. To maximize the value of the data, samples will be taken at the
permanently established locations for which considerable comparable data
already exists.
FIELD SAMPLING LOCATION(S) (ATTACH SKETCH IF APPROPRIATE)
The four existing stream sampling locations are located on the detailed (large)
Warren County PCB Landfill map that has been provided to the Working
Group and on the enclosed topographic insert.
SAMPLING PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS
Two individuals will be required to perform this sampling event. The two
hydrogeological sampling personnel will conduct this effort.
~-t-= t:::--'///,;.Ii ,,. ' .. " u •o:.....a:4 1000 =-2:'° JOOO ==-: . JO !iOOO 1<JOO · 1000 rm .. ·· Q~ . · · ·\ ~ I ! 0 I llllOMtftlt \ E=C:::F-1 E3 -.++I EH ~ "" _!:".!'._ CONTOUR INTERVAL 10 F£ET tr-~% ,. ..... AFroll., /flt: 7 ! ,,,,.,, tPl/tAl'"" IS MEAN ••• l[V[L ,r---·u ,.,,,,-...J,,I i~ ~) • , N · . ,V U ..... .___.... ~~ ~!~ ' . . \4 ~ ·-. ~-~~(_\ -. -~ . ,~.,9~~ ~~ ,n ' ' ~~,4F~ ~ · ..,,. " h 'r , . n~ (-t~ ' . • I ~J. .;fi} ~'c,JJ ' '-::1/.V,I )'-=--I V " y rf!!, Cc -i> ~-~ ,~~ EPA DESICN\TED STRFJ\M SAMPLING IOCATIOOS ~J ~(_ , 'ffc .'-J~....-...., . . •. -.. -. . KEY: RC -Richneck Cn!ek f( ~ a / I~ ur -Unnanm Tributary ~ • . ,. ; 1\ DS -Downstream ~ -~ ~ ,_,,. . tlS -Upstrean . ( . I • Ir ~rl\,.111:-tn· m~p_l.';; ·, . .", ...... , {{~ !I\A~II. ',A· ' ~ ·•-~.::5; : . :,._;;, / '~ I . I::\ 11-1 I · (\ fl n)"-.....:. N36°20' 30. 3" ~ 00Q' S3. 9" ' !J ~ :~.: ~ 0 4 ~ ' ~ . ·---·--. -...... ·-. . . -~ --. -.... ----·· --·---.... . .. . . ---·-·-·-......... _ ·---------·-----......... 1 ,I' --.. ------------------------- -----------------------------------------------------------------·1 -., ,l~~1tt~,w~~~,11
FIELD EQUIPMENT REQUIRED
Standard soil sampling equipment will be used including scoops, bowls. or
buckets that can be decontaminated or are disposable. Field portable
decontamination equipment will be required.
PERSONAL PROJECTIVE EQUIPMENT
Level D protective equipment for sampling personnel will be required. This
includes long-sleeved shirts, long-legged pants, safety shoes, impact
protective eyeware, and disposable surgical gloves.
CHEMICAL TEST METHOD($)
Soil samples collected in this sampling effort will be analyzed by EPA Method
8081 for PCB content.
QUALITY ASSURANCE PLANIINCLUDE SPLIT SAMPLES AND ALTERNATE LABS)
Soil samples from this effort will be available for true split sampling up to the
20% number established by the Working Group.
I
fol)
~ I.I.I ~ ~ u ~ = < ....
Q z <
Q z < fol)
I
SITE HEALTH AND SAFETY PLAN
A. GENERAL INFORMATION
Site Name Warren County PCB Landfill o &; M ID # NCD 980 602 l 63
Location lust off SR l 604 Warren County NC
Proposed Date of Investigation luly J994
Date of Briefing lu!y ] 994
Date of Debriefing luly J 994
Health Department Official Contacted
Date of Contact luly J 994
Site Investigation Team: All site personnel have read the Site Health and Safety Plan
and are familiar with its provisions.
Personnel Responsibilities · Si&nature
Plan Preparation:
Prepared By:
Reviewed By: _____________ _
D. WORK PLAN INSTRUCTION
Map or Sketch Attached? w
Perimeter Identified? w
Command Post Identified? .D.Q
Zones of Contamination Identified? w
Personal Protective Equipment/Level of Protection: ____ C __ X_D
Modifications: The site can be toured and sampled in level P protection. Steel-toed work boots will be worn
while sampling PE or PVC sloves will be worn while coHectins water or soil samples The HNU or OVA will
be used to monitor breatbins zone air while soil augerins and samplinc of soils, Jyyek suits will be worn while
avserinz It is recommended that no obseryers be allowed within JO meters of the saroplins sites Level P
personnel protective egvipment including chemical protective boots will be cecuired of all obsecvecs
Qbsecvecs are to be accompanied at all times by a person properly trained by 29 CFR 1910120 to 40-hr
standards
Surveillance Equipment:
____ HNU
____ OVA
____ Combustable Gas Meter
Decontamination Procedures
____ Detector Tubes and Pumps
02 Meter ----
Radiation Monitor ----
___ Level C Respirator wash, respirator removal, suit wash (if needed),
suit removal, boot wash, boot removal and glove removal.
_X __ Level D Boot wash and rinse and boot removal, suit removal, glove
and goggle removal.
Modifications ---------------------------
C.hemical Emergency Information Centers
ASHEVILLE
704-255-4490
CHARLOTTE
704-379-5827
DURHAM
1-800-672-1697
GREENSBORO
919-379-4105
Poison Control Center -State Coordinator
Duke University Medical Center
Telephone: 1-8~72-1697
P.O. Box 3024
Durham, NC 27710
Western NC Poison .
Control Center
Memorial Mission Hosp.
509 Biltmore Ave. 28801
Mercy Hospital
2001 Vail Ave, 28207
Duke Univ. Med. Center
Box 3007, 27710
Moses Cone Hospital
1200 N. Elm St. 27420
HENDERSONVILLE
704-693-6522
Ext. 555,556
HICKORY
704-322-6649
JACKSONVILLE
919-577-2555
WILMINGTON
919-343-7046
Margaret R. Pardee
Memorial Hospital
Fleming St., 28739
Catawba Mem. Hosp.
Fairgrove Chur. Rd 28601
Onslow Mem. Hospital
Western Blvd. 28540
New Hanover Mem. Hospital
2131 S. 17th St. 28401
31
t
• • •.I
SPECIAL SAMPLING ANALYSES REPORT
WARREN COUNTY NORTH CAROLINA PCB LANDFILL
NOVEMBER'i994 A
E C 0
,.
• ' I
1.0 -SUMMARY
This report has been prepared for the information of the Joint Warren
County and State PCB Landfill Working Group, and is not intended to represent
final work product for the technical reporting of sample analyses. ECO intends to
prepare a final, technical document containing data validation and QA/QC analysis
as soon as necessary raw data is provided by the Division of Solid Waste to allow
completion of this task.
2.0 -CASE NARRATIVE
Pursuant to a request from the working group, ECO participated in a field
sampling event at the PCB landfill located in Warren County on July 27 and 28,
1994. ECO staff were on-site during all field activities, and video taped and/or
photographed random sample collections and recorded field notes regarding all
split sample collections. In addition, ECO received sample splits from pre-
selected sample locations. These splits were delivered directly to ECO staff,
immediately cooled and packed as per protocol, and maintained under constant
surveillance by ECO staff until relinquished to the overnight courier service for
shipment to the laboratory. All samples were analyzed by independent, out of
state facilities with State of North Carolina and EPA certification.
,•
JOINT WARREN COUNTY AND STATE PCB LANDF1U WORKING GROUP
SPECW., SA}JPLE ANALYSIS REPORT
NOVEMBER 1994
Analytical results were reported directly to ECO. A duplicate data package,
containing all reporting sheets, and raw and QA/QC data was sent to the North
Carolina Division of Solid Waste directly from the laboratory.
3.0 -SAMPLING PARAMETERS
As agreed to by the Working Group, all splits collected ( except as noted in Section
6.0 -Field Changes) were analyzed for a broad range of contaminants including
Volatiles, Semi-Volatiles, Metals, BNAs, Pesticides, PCBs, PCDD and PCDFs
(Dioxins and Furans), as well as for Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure or
TCLP which determines whether a sample may be classified as a regulatory
haz.ardous waste.
All analyses were performed using EPA approved methodologies and protocols in
accordance with Standard Methods 17th Edition; the Solid Waste Manual SW-846
and /or 40 CFR part 136 as follows:
ANALYTE
Volatile Organics
Pesticides
BNAs
PCBs
PCDD/PCDFs
METHOD
8240
8141
8270
8081
8280
ENVIRONMENTAL
COMPLIANCE
0 RGANIZATION
JOINT WARREN COUNTY AND STATE PCB LANDFIU WORKING GROUP
SPECIAL SAMPLE ANALYSIS REPORT
NOVEMBER 1994
4.0 -ECO SAMPLING RESULTS FOR ROUTINE PARAMETERS
ENVIRONMENTAL
COMPLIANCE
0 RGANIZATION
•. ECO SAMPLE NUMBER SAMPLE MEDIA SAMPLE LOCATION IC -001-SS SOIL surface soil near air vent SAMPLE CONTAMINANTS DETECTED barium -81.4 ppm chromium -26. 7 ppm lead -26.4 ppm tetrachloroethene - l .89J ppm. ~,M@t%t%ii1MJiiM:f~-%i~■-:rn1t~rtf,:!~~r1,~~1:--~~;,IMl~fi\~1~~wr,~_-=g~1tlt{ft)f~f={t~tJtt!~t~w.?~if.~!~,%fl;ltpw~¥t.w.it%t~lftW~\ll@1¥W~tii\Z¾~1M%rWm ;-~·:--~i~'~--=-~t~;s *'f:~'?;'' -~.. .~·ci;·;;ea-~•)" .· ... . vlii' ~<a6 -.•.-~ $ ~Q· , ... A . @i . .. ._., . ..~ . .... .. ...,~-'~'k}iiHo·; ~ . . . ... .. . . . .. ... ~, ...... .. . :-.:•a*:s.M IC -002-SS SOIL surface soil from seep on slope barium -136 ppm chromium -24.4 ppm mercury -0.018 tetrachloroethene -4.08J ppm ~~~~itil:::~@j;;i~i~iti;~~tj~,i~itiilialr;~1~1t=it~~1t,1~t-•-~t~--~~~~1~■1~~--litfr~a~L~~if~~~~ll-i~~fA~ii]~£~ii IC-001-GW GROUNDWATER water from monitoring well #2 barium -0.034 ppm tetrachloroethene -0.005 ppm ( regulatory level= 0.70 ppm) TCLP at non-detect or well below regulatory limits
ECO SAMPLE NUMBER SAMPLE MEDIA SAMPLE LOCATION IC-002-GW GROUNDWATER water from monitoring well# 4 SAMPLE CONTAMINANTS DETECTED bariwn -0.045 ppm chromiwn -0.008 ppm tetrachloroethene -0.005 ppm ;::~::.::~:~~::;£:i~;.~,~'ii-~t~'.'fu\:·\~~~>w,~a~~:,lt;;zi:J.,,'tiltk~-d~~:~~~ha~I\dhtaiSt~-1--#1M:fil'.~iiillii IC-001-LC SOIL dry landfill contents acetone -76.3J ppb benzene -1. 98J ppb chlorobenzene - l 08 ppb 1,2 dichlorobenzene -10.6 ppb 1,3 dicblorobenzene -25.3 ppb 1,4 dichlorobenzene -63. l ppb :~!®.;l1l]ii:11:i:::r11ww11,l\1~illJS~:::~;1t*la1\11~~1■l1:~~111~1iil-r;~wwJ~,1i~1t~~it1t:tt1Jti1ui~w:::1,u11t1~1=~~~1;1l11:m~~t;lf!~~i1fili:~:EtlmJ~;w:1@r!Irl IC -002-LC SOIL duplicate dry landfill contents bariwn -28.8 ppm chromiwn-15.6 ppm lead -61.8 ppm acetone -82. 7 J ppm chlorobenzene -252 ppm 1,3 dichlorobenzene -23. 9 ppm 1,4 dichlorobenzene -420 ppm 1,4 dichlorobenzene -474 ppm
ECO SAMPLE NUMBER SAMPLE MEDIA SAMPLE LOCATION IC-003-LC SOIL IC-001-SED SEDIMENT wet landfill contents downstream sediment Richneck Creek SAMPLE CONTAMINANTS DETECTED barium -26. 7 ppm chromium-17.0 ppm lead -46.9 ppm chlorobenzene -132 ppm 1,3 -dichlorobenzene -12.3 ppm 1,4 dichlorobenzene -211 ppm 1,4 dichlorobenzene -388 ppm barium -12.3 ppm chromium -14.7 ppm TCLP at either non-detect or well below regulatory levels m;~icy~J:~jii£~l=~~~i§~£~~~iii:i iiiff~li;11~11iif.iir-~i;iiiiifiiiijiil,ii@liiili[i~iit-liil~~~1ti:~lit~#~1iitfa;i1f:lf~~ill*I¥i1i@ IC-003-SS SOIL sediment basin outlet ravme barium -122 ppm chromium -23. 7 ppm mercwy-0.041 ppm TCLP at either non-detect or well below regulatory levels
ECO SAMPLE NUMBER SAMPLE MEDIA SAMPLE LOCATION IC -001-LCH LEACHATE filter system inlet SAMPLE CONTAMINANTS DETECTED barium -0.224 ppm benzene -2.58J ppm xylenes -4.76J ppm tetrachloroethene -0.005 ppm ~11i~1~:~;1w@~11::ttM~J.{i;t1faMf''\~m~w~~~J&t~Fitt?-1~¥1@¾1-'w~i?~~~~J.tuwPi~wim'1Mw:J0~~tff.Jj~~t;§i:111•J■w1;~lirt1~1~■1~~~,i~lwl~~~-1~1m&i'.tl&t1 IC-003-GW WATER water sample from Limmer well only analyzed for PCBs
JOINT WARREN COUNTY AND STATE PCB LANDF/ll WORKING GROUP
SPECIAL SAMPLE ANALYSIS REPORT
NOVEMBER 1994
5.0-ECO SAMPLING RESULTS FOR PCBs-PCDD/PCDFs
E NVIRONMENT AL
COMPLIANCE
0 RGANIZATION
ECO SAMPLE NUMBER SAMPLE MEDIA SAMPLE LOCATION IC -001-SS SOIL surface soil near air vent SAMPLE CONTAMINANTS DETECTED AROCLOR 1260 -0.008 J ppm OCDD-2.9478 J ppb &¥1fi&ttw11m · · < • •· · · · · · · · · · ·•· · · · ·•·•• •• .•. -. .. .,, • •• ·• •••• -•.• -. ........ •• ·•·• ••••·,-.
· •••• ,· • u,, •'• • • ·•· · ·• • •· •·••·•·••·•·•~-.·•~ ••• < ·•• • H ~·• ••• ,•.,••'•'-V ·•
·
·••••" ,·,·,v,._,-.., ~-"-'•u• ,·, •• •• • · .. -.. IC -002-SS ~z;g&l¥%Ni%'if"ffii'M'W<it¾ffi IC-001-GW IC-002-GW SOIL surface soil from seep on slooe GROUNDWATER water from monitoring well #2 GROUNDWATER water from monitoring well# 4 AROCLOR 1260 -0.004 J ppm OCDD -0·51~i$!1il?J\lf:tl\-PCB/PESTICIDES -NON-DETECT PCB/PESTICIDES -NON-DETECT ■ti~ff:*:;pr~1%\@WMrnwtw?J~t&w~w1~l::~w,\~v¥Nit¾Mi~*1l1mwtf'%~'tn111M:l\~t611M0r%ttl~it,■l~~1~,,r~111■,1*■1i1Eu~\i~tJJ!~■l~l■tt1■ IC-001-LC SOIL dry landfill contents AROCLOR 1248-146 ppm AROCLOR 1260 -880E ppm
" ECO SAMPLE NUMBER SAMPLE MEDIA SAMPLE LOCATION SAMPLE CONTAMINANTS DETECTED IC -002-LC SOIL duplicate dry landfill contents AROCLOR 1248 -63 ppm AROCLOR 1260-303 ppm 2378 TCDF -0.5214 J ppb 12378 PeCDF-0.ll71 J ppb 23478 PeCDF -0.4418 J ppb 123478 HxCDF -4.7069 ppb 123678 HxCDF -0.5958 J ppb 234678 HxCDF -0.3657J ppb 1234678 HpCDF -3.0825 ppb 1234789 HpCDF -1.7253 J ppb OCDF -14.4435 ppb
ECO SAMPLE NUMBER SAMPLE MEDIA SAMPLE LOCATION SAMPLE CONTAMINANTS DETECTED IC-003-LC SOIL IC-001-SED SEDIMENT wet landfill contents downstream sediment Richneck Creek AROCLOR 1248 -60 ppm AROCLOR 1260 -303 ppm 2378 TCDF -0.1133 J ppb 12378 PeCDF -0.0329 J ppb 23478 PeCDF -0. l 188J ppb 123478 HxCDF -1.1452 J ppb 123678 HxCDF -0.1712 234678 HxCDF-0.1010 J ppb 1234678 HpCDF -0.8958J ppb 1234789 HpCDF -0.5491 J ppb OCDD -0.3237 J ppb OCDF - 4.2072 J ppb PCB/PESTICIDES -NON-DETECT OCDD -0.2774 J ppb
ECO SAMPLE NUMBER IC-003-SS SAMPLE MEDIA SAMPLE LOCA TJON SOIL sediment basin outlet ravme SAMPLE CONTAMINANTS DETECTED PCB/PESTICIDES -NON-DETECT OCDD -1.1889 J ppb •urnr@1wmrum@1@iM~i~l¥1:■11wfttllliiiiilB11\:1t1ww1wt1t\iMJiwW:r11m1;wtt\1!1i1mt@wrl@i~ul~iB$JwJ¥~tt¥0i~i@tl1W1tl IC -001-LCH LEACHATE filter system inlet PCB/PESTICIDES -NON-DETECT liW\%t:~i]#'W¥¥::@lfl{[q~@~~MKWl~i'.~~rtTuWtMi~W~~tli;~iii%lt.W1l~~m:1~1m=im*■i-l\t~l\B~m:■a111■■l-~lli1~:1t1,~ltfl~]ll~~~~t!fif&W1%fil IC-003-GW WATER water sample from Limmer well PCB/PESTICIDES -NON-DETECT
. .
JOJNF WARREN COUNTY AND STATE PCB LANDFIU WORKING GROUP
SPECIAL SAMPLE ANALYSIS REPORT
NOVEMBER 1994
6.0 -FIELD CHANGES TO SAMPLING PLAN
Several changes to originally planned sampling order were necessitated by field
conditions. The following changes/additions to the scheduled sampling effort
were made in the field:
ECO SAMPLE SAMPLE LOCATION FIELD CHANGES
NUMBER
IC -001-LC dry landfill contents only enough dry material
recovered for VOC and PCB
analysis
IC-002 -LC duplicate dry landfill . sample duplicate of wet landfill
contents contents because not enough dry
material recovered for analysis
IC -003 -GW Limmer well added sample -PCB analysis only
E NVIRONMENT AL
COMPLIANCE
0 RGANIZATION
JOINT WARREN COUNTY AND STATE PCB LANDFIU WORKING GROUP
SPECIAL SAMPLE ANALYSIS REPORT
NOVEMBER 1994
7.0-DATA INTERPRETATION
Analytical results reported by laboratories are subject to a set of notations known
as data qualifiers. Data qualifiers consist of a numeric or letter notation
immediately following a reported value, and give added information regarding the
data reported that may influence how information should be used in decision
making. In the data sets reported by ECO, the only data qualifier present is the
notation J. The J data flag denotes an estimated value due to the result being
outside the calibration limit for the analytical equipment.
8.0 -QUALITY ASSURANCE /QUALITY CONTROL
As noted earlier, a complete technical report will be prepared discussing and
documenting data validation and QA/QC concerns in detail. General quality
parameters affecting validity of the data reported here, including holding time
limits for sample extraction and analysis, and initial and continuing calibration of
analytical equipment were met. Additionally, matrix spike and matrix duplicate
recoveries were generally within EPA specified quality control limits. No target
analytes were detected in method blanks and all laboratory control sample criteria
were met.
ENVIRONMENTAL
COMPLIANCE
0 RGANIZATION
JOINT WARREN COUNTY AND STATE PCB LANDFIU WORKING GROUP
SPECIM SAMPLE ANALYSIS REPORT
NOVEMBER 1994
9.0-SAMPLE RESULTS
The general analysis of both soil and water revealed no significant contamination
with volatile organics, BNAs or pesticides. With the exception of borderline
significant lead contamination in samples IC -002-LC and IC-003-LC, there were
no metals detected in soil or water at levels of regulatory concern. Likewise, no
pesticides were detected via EPA method 8081 which revealed AROCLOR 1248
and 1260 (PCBs) in samples IC-001-SS, IC-002-SS, IC-001-LC, IC-002-LC, IC-
003-LC, with reported levels ranging from 0.008 ppm to 303 ppm. Numerous
congeners of dioxins and furans were detected in all samples of landfill contents.
The less toxic octa congeners of dioxins and furans were also detected in samples
taken from the surface soils located outside the landfill and sediment sampled
downstream from Richneck creek.
10.0-DISCUSSION OF DATA AND RECOMMENDATIONS
The purpose of this field event was, in part, to perform comprehensive
characterization of the landfill contents. Fewer metals and organic contaminants
than expected were detected in this sampling event, but in accordance with
expectations, numerous congeners of PCDD/PCDFs were found to be co-located
with the PCBs originally demonstrated as the Constituents of Interest (COis).
ENVIRONMENTAL
COMPLIANCE
0 RGANIZATION
.. JOINT WARREN COUNTY AND STATE PCB LANDFILL WORKING GROUP
SPECIAL SAMPLE ANALYSIS REPORT
NOVEMBER 1994
The presence of dioxins and furans in, and around the landfill elevates the level of
concern about this containment facility, due to the generally accepted belief that
dioxins and furans are considerably more potentially toxic to human health and the
environment than even the toxic PCBs. The recent EPA draft reassessment of
dioxin toxicology confirms previous data indicating that even trace amounts of
dioxins can be detrimental to human health and the environment, and are capable
of producing numerous health difficulties and abnormalities in addition to being
suspected carcinogens.
Dioxins are of further concern because of their ability to persist in the environment
and resist degradation for very long periods of time. This chemical property has
implications for the long term storage and/or disposal of dioxin contaminated
wastes, and requires the implementation of permanent containment and/or
destruction technologies for successful outcome. The Superfund Amendment and
Reauthorization Act (SARA), the most comprehensive site remediation regulation,
creates a statutory preference for on-site, permanent destruction technologies for
the treatment of dioxins and other wastes wherever possible. This scientific and
statutory imperative for the on-site, complete destruction of dioxins and other
wastes is crucial to preventing continual monitoring and liability of potential off-
site contaminant migration at all sites, including the Warren County PCB landfill.
ENVIRONMENTAL
COMPLIANCE
0 RGANIZATION
.. • > ..
••
JOINT WARREN COUNTY AND STATE PCB LANDFJU WORKING GROUP
SPECIAL SAMPLE ANALYSIS REPORT
NOVEMBER 1994
Several technologies are suggested by the particular waste stream of the Warren
County PCB facility, but only Base Catalyzed Decomposition (BCD), or some
closed loop treatment train employing BCD, would meet the criteria of being EPA
demonstrated as effective on similar waste streams on North Carolina sites, EPA
and State approved and most importantly, acceptable to the community.
Therefore, it our ECO's recommendation that the Joint Warren County and State
PCB Landfill Working Group immediately begin the process of formally soliciting
proposals for the complete remediation of the Warren County PCB landfill from
all relevant vendors of BCD technologies and treatment processes. We further
suggest that ECO staff, integral to use of BCD at Morrisville and Statesville North
Carolina sites be utilized in the formulation of Requests For Proposal, bid
specifications, remedial specifications and the interviewing and selection of an
appropriate vendor, in order to ensure that all technical and regull'tory
requirements are satisfied or exceeded.
ENVIRONMENTAL
COMPLIANCE
0 RGANIZATION
Telecon:
Joan Blake
U.S. EPA
401 M Street SW
MC 7404
Washington, DC 20460
Phone: [phone]
with Sharron Rogers
October 25, 1994
Ms. Blake heads the Permit riters Group for EPA Headquarters for TSCA.
They are the sole issuer of T CA cleanup permits in US. Under CA, only
two treatment technologies are approved for PCBs (meet EP performance
standards) : Incineration and Landfilling. Her unit does ite Research and
Development Permits for trials for innovative technol 1es. Such permits are
strictly limited as to method, quantity of material ial), and time. These
permited sites are closely monitored by the Pro ra~including comprehensive
environmental sampling (analysis done by c tracto lab -SW Res Inst.
Kansas City.) If in. novative technology is nruc I ss ul, and to date .all.have
been unsuccessful (time is us ly the I' iting ctor , then material from site
must be incinerate or Ian fil .
I I Ms. Ba sen ing
Me o ndum f gli
hi hligH s their o
onfir ation f the above along with a
ith Federal Superfund program which
~ty
...
I
~-------------------~ .. ,.
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,...
OCT 12 '94 10:34AM WLFL FOX 22
To: The North Carolina News Network
From: Deborah Ferrucciof}:f-
Oirector: Ecumenical I Environmental Leadership Coalition
[phone]
P.2/2
Subject: Independent Science Consultant to Present Interpretation
of Test Data On Warren PCB Landttll
Date: October 7, 1994
~OI FOB NEWS AELEA§I
Independent Science Consultant for the Joint Warren County I State PCB Landfill
Working Group Pauline Ewald of Environmental Compliance Organization
will present her interpretation of test data concerning the contents of tne PCB
landfill and monitoring wells to committee members and citizens on October 12,
5:30 p.m., at the Warren County Courthouse.
Ewald'a Interpretation of the data Is expected to lndic11te the presence of
the most to>dc kind of PCBs (arochlor) and the most toxic kind of dioxin
known to man: 2,3.718 tetra chloro dlbenzo dioxin (tetra dioxfn) i,n tht
l1ndfltt. Tetra dioxin prompted the permanent evacuation of Time& Beach,
Missouri, in 1983. Tetra dioxin was also responsible tor the cessation of the
spraying of Agent Orange. owing to concern aboUt the birth defects it was apparently
causing. A single ounce of tetra dioxin is said to be capable of killing hundreds of
thousands of people.
Although Ewatd'a Interpretation of the data le expected to confirm the
presence of dioxins In the monftoring wens, there Is uncertainty here
concerning the kind of dioxins !n the mol)ltoring wells and whether the
landfill ;s seeping its contents into the groundwater. Citizens are hoping that
Ewald will be able to answer such questions.
On September 19th the state catted a special meeting of the Joint Warren County f
State PCB Landfill Working Group in Warrenton and released infcirmation indicating
the presence of Peas and dioxins in the landfill and the presence of dioxins in the
monitoring wens. Ewald was unable to attend the meeting and present her
interpretation of the data because of insufficient notice. Since then, concerned citizens
have been anxiously awaiting EwGlion.
\-~)
~---/
r,-,-.~ ~
1-1(""-7 '(
2nd CITIZENS' CONFERENCE ON DIOXIN
July 29-31, 1994
St. Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
RESOLUTION OF CONFERENCE
It is our conviction that the general spread of dioxin and
dioxin-like' compounds has already reached dangerously critical
levels, thereby threatening the integrity of our own species and
making the risk of inaction too high to accept.
WHEREAS, dioxin and dioxin-like c~unds are the most .potent poisons currently known, are persistent
in the environment and bioaccU11Ulate in living organisms;
· WHEREAS, even the U.~. Environmental Proteotion Agency has concluded that:
Dioxin causes cancer in hllll8ns;
lrrm.me system and reproductive effects appear to occur at'or near body burdens approximately 100 times
lower than those associated with cancer;
Current exposure levels to dioxin appear to place people at or near a body burden where sensitive
responses may occur, especially for nursing infants and recreational and subsistence anglers;
WHEREAS, established international peer-approved scientific research demonstrates that dioxin and
other dioxin-l i,ke c~unds can be expected to have transgenerational non-cancer 'effects in wildlife and hunans,
including:
Disruption of endocr\ne hormone systems, especially those related to sexual development; specifically
by mimick'ing, interfering with, or amplifying the effects of estrogen especial ly during fetal development. .
Disruption of critical stages of embryonic development, for example the nerv9us system;
Damage to the developing irrm..,ne system, leading to increased susceptibility to infectious diseases.
WHEREAS, the International Joint Corrmission, the monjtoring body of the Great Lakes Water Quality
Agreement of 1978, identified dioxin and dioxin-like c~unds as persistent toxic substances and recorrmends
zero discharge;
THEREFORE, be it resolved that the 2nd Citizens' Conference on
Dioxin demands:
1. An immediate halt to the incineration of municipal,
hazardous, medical, military, and radioactive waste; and any such
wastes incinerated in cement or aggregate kilns, or any other open-
ended device.
2. An immediate commenceme~t of a ,phase-out of the industrial
production and use of organic chlorinated compounds (including the
plastic, PVC).
Conference Sponsors :
Gateway Green Alliance, PO Box 8094, St. Loui s, MO 63156. Tel: [phone].
Waste Not , 82 Judson St . Canton, NY 13617. Tel: [phone] Fax : [phone].
NC WARN, 5301 Rolling Hill Rd,· Sanford, NC 27330. Tel: [phone] Fax [phone].
/lift/_ .
]y/tJ -Ir /'J(g//
+ , 3!J t7f' J //J //'
State of North Carolina
Department of Environment,
Health and Natural Resources
Division of Solid Waste Management
James B. Hunt, Jr., Governor
Jonathan B. Howes, Secretary
William L. Meyer, Director
DEHNR
September 14, 1994
To:
MEMORANDUM
Bill Meyer, Division Director~
Mike Kelly, Deputy Division Director
Thru:
From:
Jack Butler, Remediation Branch Head, Superfund Sectio~
Priscilla Tyree, Remediation Brru,.c
'_j
Subject: Joint Warren County State PCB Landfill Working Group
The purpose of this memorandum is to provide you with my understanding of my current
duties and assignments in the Division.
I have been participating in two activities outside of my work assignment with the
Remediation Branch. These activities include serving on the Division's Environmental
Justice Committee and acting as recorder for the Joint Warren County State PCB Landfill
Working Group. I have prioritized these activities according to its importance and have
provided an explanation for its priority.
Activity Priority Explanation
Superfund Section, Remediation Branch This is my official position. And as such,
no outside activity may interfere with my
duties and assignments to the Section.
Environmental Justice Committee Appointed by Branch Head, Jack Butler, I
represent the Remediation Branch on this
committee.
Joint Warren County State PCB Landfill I volunteered to serve as the recorder,
Working Group provided that this position would not
conflict with other duties and assignments.
I can serve as recorder for the Joint Warren County State PCB Landfill Working Group
provided that meeting dates do not conflict with Superfund Section, Remediation Branch
or Division Environmental Justice Committee activities. Pat Williamson and I have
discussed creating a schedule that will provide a recorder at Joint Warren Count State
PCB Landfill Committee meeting without conflicting with Division/Section assignments.
P.O. Box 27687, Raleigh, North Carolina 27611-7687 Telephone [phone] FAX [phone]
An Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer 50% recycled/ 10% post-consumer paper
_ , SEP 14 '94 01:01PM EHNR·PUBLIC AFFAIRS
•
State of North Carolina
Department of Environment,
Health and Natural Resources
Legislative & Intergovernmental Affoirs
James B. Hunt, Jr., Governor
Jonathan B, Howes, Secretary
Henry M. Lancaster IL Director
FAX MEMORANDUM
P.l/4
-~A.VA
DEHNR
TO: Bill Merer, Dollie Burwell, T onuny Cline, Jim W .u-ren, Ken
F errucio, Dennis R.e£zla.ff, Billie Elmore, Daria HolcomL
FROM: Henry M. LancAster, II
, ......
. SUBJECT: Memora.n.lum Warren County PCB LAndfill W ork:i..ng Group
DATE: Septcmher 14, 199-4
■ Ple.ue find. A draft for yolll' perusol of the Al>ove referenced material. Than.1.
you.
•.• . ·.·
P.O Box 27687, Raleigh, North Carolina 27611-7687 Telephon® 919·733-4984
An Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer 50% recycled/ 10% posr-consumer paper
,, SEP 14 '94 01=01PM EHNR·PUBLI C AFFAIRS
State of North Carolina
Department of Environment.
Health and Natural Resources
Legislative & Intergovernmental Affairs
James B. Hunt, Jr., Governor
Jonathan B. Howes, Secretary
Henry M. Lancaster II , Director
MEMQRANPYM
P.2/4
~A -..-am 1,; ,I.~
DEHNR
TO:
FROM:
MEMBERS OF THE .JOINT WARREN COUNTY/STATE PCB L6.NOf"ILL WORKINO GROUP
HENRY M. LANCASTER, II 1'M,l.
DATE: SEPTEMBER 08, I 994
SUBJECT: STRUCTURAL AND PROCEDURAL AMENDMENTS TO THE JOINT WARREN COUNTY/STATE
PCB l.ANOf'ILL WORKING GROUP
PURSUANT TO CONVERSATIONS HELO WITH Cl>CHAIRS DOLLIE BURWELL ANO KEN f"ERRUCIO ANO OTHER
INTERESTED PARTIES CONCERNING THE MAKE-UP ANO OPERATION OF THE WoRKINO GROUP, !HE FOLLOWING
IS OFf"EREO f"OR YOUR CONSIDERATION, COMMENT ANO ACTION AT THE SEPTEMBER I 5, 1994 MEE:TINO:
SUGGESTED COMPOSITION Of" WORKINO GROUP
BEPBfSFNDNG
0Ff"ICE OF' THE GOVERNOR (I)
OFF"ICE OF THE SECRETARY, EHNR ( I )
A. 01V. Of" ENVIRONMENTAL MANAOEMENT ( I )
OFFICE Of' THE SECRETARY, ADMINISTRATION ( I )
WARREN COUNTY GOVERNMENT
A. COUNTY COMMISSION ( I )
8. HEAL TH DEPARTMENT ( I )
C . PUBLIC SAFETY ( I )
BUSINESS/CHAMBER OF' COMMERCE ( I )
RELIOIOUS COMMUNITY (3)
YoUll-1 (2)
ENVIAONMENTAL COMMUNllY (4)
PRIVATE CITIZENS (4)
EDUCATION ( I )
STATE LEOISL.ATORS (WARREN COUNlY)
APPOINTER
GOVERNOR HUNT
SECRE:TARY JONATHAN 8 . HOWES
SECRETARY KATIE G. DORSETT
COMMISSION CHAIR
COMMISSION CHAIR
CITIZENS GROUP
CITIZENS GROUP
CITIZENS GROUP, SECRETARY HOWES
CITIZENS GROUP, COMMISSION CHAIR
CITIZENS GROUP/SUPERINTENDENT OF
SCHOOLS
Ex OFFICIO CTHEIR CHOICE)
P.O. Box 27687 , Raleigh, North Carolina 27611-7687 Telephone 919-733·4984
An Equal Opportunity ,A,ftirmative Action Employer 50% recycled/ 10% post-consumer poper
SEP 14 '94 01:01PM EHl'lR·PUBLIC AFFAIRS
RULES OF PROCEDURE
JOINT WARREN COUN"TY/STATE PCB LANDFlU..
\NORKJNG GROUP
I. MISSION STATEMENT
A. EvALUATE SAFETY OF' LANOF'ILL AND MAKE RECOMMENOAllONS TO DEHNR TO ENSURE
INSTITUTIONAL CONTROLS/PROCEOURES/ANO FUNOINO ARE AVAIL.AaLE TO PROVIDE LONO-
TERM PROTECllON 01"' THE cmZENS Of" WARRE;:N COUNTY.
II. GOALS/f ASKS
A. < I > ASSESS CURRENT CONDITIONS AND SAFETY Of" LANDFILL ANO MAKE
RECOMMENDATIONS TO OEHNR FOR ADDRESSINO ANY UNSAFE CONDITION
IDENTIFIED.
(2) ASSESS NEED TO REMOVE RAINWATER F'ROM LANDFILL AND RECOMMEND TO DEHNR
THE BASIS AND TECI-INOLOOY FOR REMOVAi.. OR ALLOWING RAINWATER TO REt-WN IN
THE LANDFILL.
(3) IDENTIFY ANO EVALUATE TECHNOLOGIES FOR DETOXIFICATION OF LANDI-ILL ANO
MAKE RECOMMENDATIONS TO OEHNR ON APPROPRIATE ANO ECONOMICALLY
FEASll:ILI!: TECHNOLOOIES FOR DETOXIF'ICATION.
(4) IDENTIFY ANO RECOMMEND IMPLEMENTAllON STRATEOY TO DEHNR FOR ALL
GOALS/TASKS INCLUDING INFRASTRUCTURE ANO FUNDINO.
(5) DEHNR TO IMPLEMENT 1-UNDED RECOMMENDATIONS FOR LONG-TERM MAINTENANCE
AND, IF APPROPRIATE, DETOXIFICATION OF' THE LANDFILL.
Ill. OFFlCERS
A.
B.
C~HAlRS. THe'.RE SHALL BE THREE: (3) Co-CHAIRS Of'" THE WORKINO GROUP. Two Co-
CHAIRS SH.ALL BE MEMBERS 01"' THE WORKINO GROUP AND ELECTED BY THE MEMBERS.
ONE CO-CHAIR SHALL BE APPOINTED SY THE SECRETARY Of'" THE NORTH CAROLINA
DE'.PARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL, HEALTH AND NATURAL RESOURCES AND SHALL BE A
MEMBER OF" THE WORKING GAOUP. SAJO TERMS SHALL BE FOR ONE YEAR, AND THEY
SHALL BE ELIGIBLE FOR REAPPOINTMENT, THE Co-CHAIRS SHALL OECICE ALL POINTS OF'
ORDER AND PROCEDURE, SUBJECT TO iHESE RULES, UNLESS DIRECTED OTHERWISE aY A
TWO-THIRDS MAJORITY OF THE WORKINO GROUP IN SESSION AT THE TIME. THE Co-CHAIRS
SHALL APPOINT ANY COMMITTEE FOUND NECESSARY TO IHVESTIOATE OR STUDY MATTERS
BEFORE THE: WORKINO GROUP.
SECRETARY. A SECRET.ARY SHALL BE APPOINTED BY THE CO-CHAIRS OF THE WORKINO
GROUP EITHER FROM WITHIN OR FROM OUTSIDE ITS MEMBERSHIP, TO HOLD OFFICE
DURINO THE TERM OF' THE SECRETARY Of' THt: DEPARTMENT AND/OR UNTIL A SUCCESSOR
SECRETARY SHALL HAVE Bl::EN APPOINTED. THE SECRETARY SHALL BE EUOIBLE FOR
RE.APPOINTMENT. THE SECRETARY, SUBJECT TO THE DIRECTION OF' THE Co-CHAIRS ANO
THE WORKING GROUP, SHALL KEEP ALL RECORDS, SHALL CONDUCT A.l.L
CORRESPONDENCE OF' THE WORKINO GROUP. THE SECRETARY SHALL KEEP THE MINUTES
OF EVERY WORKING GROUP MEl::"TINO, WHICH MINUTES SH.ALL BE A PUBLIC RECORDS.
THE MINUTES SHALL SHOW THE RECORD OF ALL IMPORTANT FACTS PERTAINING TO EACH
MEETINO AND HEARINO, EVERY RESOLUTION ACTED UPON BY THE WORKING GROUP, AND
ALL VOTES OF THE WORKING GROUP MEMBERS UPON ANY RESOLUllON CR UPON THE
FINAL DETERMINATION OF ANY QUESTION, INDICATING THE NAMES OF MEMBERS ABSENT OR
f'.All.lNO TO VOTE.
SEP 14 '94 01:02PM EHNR·PUBLIC AFFAIRS
..
IV. MEETINGS
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
REGULAR MEE]]NQS. MEETINGS OF THE WORKING GROUP SHALL SE HELD IN
WARRENTON, NORTH CAROLINA, PROVIDED THAT IF THE CO-CHAIRS SO DIRECT, MEETINOS
"'4AY BE HELO AT ANY OTHER PLACE IN THE STA'fE. THE WORKINO GROUP MAY ESTABLISH
A SCHEDULE OF REOULAR MEETINOS,
§eEclAL MEEJ)NOS. SPECIAL MEETINGS OF THE WORKING GROUP MAY t3E CALLEO AT
ANY TIME BY THE Co-CHAIRS. MEETINGS MAY BE CALLED BY 1WELVE ( 12) OR MORE
MEMBERS OF' THE WORKING GROUP. AT LEAST FORTY-EIGHT (48) HOURS NOTICE OF THE
TIME ANO PLACE OF SPECIAL MEETINOS SHALL BE OIVEN BY THE SECRETARY OR THE CO-
CHAIRS TO EACH ._,.EMBER OF THE WoRKINO GROUP; PROVIOED THAT THIS REQUIREMENT
MAY BE WAIVED BY ACTION OF A MA.JORITY OF' THE ME'.MBl::RS.
CANCELLATION Of MEaJNOS. WHENEVER TI-iERE IS NO BUSINESS FOR THE WORKING
GROUP, THE CO-CHAIRS MAY DISPENSE WITH A MEETINO BY OIVINO NOTICE TO ALL THE
MEMBERS NOT LESS THAN lWENTY-FOUR (24) HOURS BEFORE THE TIME Se:T f"OR niE
MEETING.
QUORUM. A QUORUM SHAU. CONSIST OF A MAJORITY OF MEMBERS OF THE WORKINO
GROUP.
CONDUCT OF MEE"[JN~. ALL MEETINOS SHALL BE OPEN TO THE PUBLIC. THE. ORDER OF
BUSINESS SHALL BE OPEN TO THE PUBLIC. THE ORDER OF BUSINESS SHALL BE AS
FOLLOWS: (A) ROLL CALL; {B) RO.DINO ANO APPROVAL OF THE MINUTES OF THE
PREVIOUS MEETING; (c) REPORTS OF COMMITTEES; (0) UNf"INISHEO BUSINESS; (E) NEW
BUSINESS, PARLIAMENTARY PROCEDURE SHALL BE IN COMPLIANCE WITH ROBERTS Rur.,c;
OF ORDEB.
f. ~. THE VOTE OF A MAJORITY OF THOSE MEMBERS PRESENT SHALL BE SUFFICIENT TO
DECIOE MATTERS BEFORE TI-iE WORKINO GROUP PROVIDED A QUORUM HAS BEEN OULY
RECORDED.
G. THE CO-CHAIRS MAY RECOMMEND TO TI-iE SECRETARY Of" THE DEPARTMEN'r REMOVAL OF
ANY WORKINO GROUP MEM8ER WHO WITHOUT AN EXCUSED ASSENCE FAILS TO ATTEND
THREE (3) CONSECUTIVE REOULAR MEETINGS.
V. REPORTS
COPIES OF MINUTES WILL BE DISTRIBUTED TO ALL WORKING GROUP MEMBERS, THE COUNTY
MANAOER, MEMBERS Of' THE STATE LEOISLATOR THAT REPRESENT WARREN COUNTY, THE
SECRETARY OF THE NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT ENVIRONMENT, HEALTI-i ANO NATURAL
RESOURCES AND THE
GOVERNOR, PERIODIC PROORESS REPORTS WILL SE SUBMITTED AS DEEMED NECESSARY BY l"HE
WORKING GROUP OR CO-CHAIRS.
VI. AMENDMENTS
THESE RULES MAY, WITHIN THE LIMITS ALLOWED 13Y L>JN, BE AMENDED AT Al-('( TIME l:IY AN
AFFIRMATIVE VOTE OF NOT LESS THAN FIFTEEN ( 15) VO'llNO MEMBERS OF THE WORKINO GROUP,
PROVIDED THAT SUCH AMENDMENT SHALL HAVE f"IRST 6EEN PRESENTl::D TO THE MEMBERSHIP IN
WRITING A'f A REOUl.AR OR SPECIAL MEETING PRECEOINO THE MEETING AT WHICH THE VOTE IS
iAKEN.
.•Y •. --c-'. ◄
~ 09113/9~ 12:23 G'706 546 3252 EP • .\-ATHE~S, G . .\
UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LABORATORY
HO COLLEGE STATION ROAD
ATHENS. GEORGIA 30605·2720
iaioo1
September 12, 1994
o,ir,ct: oF
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Sharon Rogers
State of North Carolina
Department of Environment, Health and Natural
P.O. Box 27687
Raleigh, North Carolina 27611-7687
Dear Sharon,
C)PTl()NA. FOAM Ill (7 110;
FAX TRANSMITTAL
°""'·'•q (,; DE If Ai tf 6 -S-'ll-sf6
Fu, 9 I,_ 71.S--36 o.r ~-/j70o -S"'/t-?2-S-'l-
N!.1' 7M0~~1·217•7.6i 5011i-1~1 C.!N!l'IA:. ~t:'1Vlt,;t:S ";JM NI> A ;_,,
Please find attached a preliminary report of congener specific PCB analyses for the North
Carolina (Warren County) landfill samples that we receiv~ on August 2, 1994. Although the
report contains data from only one of the two samples, the results are essentially the same for
both soil samples.
Be advised that these results arc preliminary and arc for research purposes to assess the extent
of PCB transformation in samples originally contaminated primarily with Aroclor 1260. The
data have not been subjected to riJ:orous statistical analyses and additional standards should be
analyzed prior lo final congener identification or quantitalion. Also note that the extraction
procedure used in this investiaation (12 hour solvent shake) is a modification of the EPA
aonication proce.dure. Results from this modified extraction procedure have ~ comparable
to the extraction efficiency of both the Soxhlet and sonication methods approved by EPA.
I will be available to discuss these preliminary ~ults at your convenience.
Sin1y yo~,
(! -~L: r~ I : V W.Jack Jones Ph.D.
Rest.arch Microbiolopst
Athens Environmental Research Laboratory
cc: Dr. Robert Swank (Director of Research, AERL-US EPA)
Dr. John Rogers (AERL-US EPA)
Mr. Curt Fehn (Re&ion 4-US EPA)
-09 / l3 /'94 12: 23 tt706 546 3252 EPA-ATHE~S, G..\
Table 1. Results of congener specific PCB analyses (weight ~ determination; mean of
triplicates) of a landfill soil sample (sample 12) collecled in July 1994 from the Warren
County PCB land.fill, North Carolina. ~ener specific PCB analyses of Aroclor 1260, as
reported by Schultz et al. (1989), are also presented for reference. The differences in the
wei&ht • of congeners in the N.C. sample and that reported by Schultz are presented.
The weight Ii values calculated for the PCB congeners from the N.C. sample
were based on a mndard PCB con1encr mix consisting of Aroclors 1232, 1248, and 1262
(2.5; 1.8: 1.8).
Results indicate a decrease in the weiaht 9' of some higher chlorinated PCB
congeners, compared to the PCB congener profile of Schultz et al. (1989) for Aroclor 1260,
and an increase in the weiaht 9' of 10me lower cblorinated PCB congeners. Some specific
ewnples are as follows, and the dccrP.aSeS tn the specific congeners listed below indicate a
pattern in which meta chlorines are removed if flanked by either onho or para chlorines.
'Ibis type of dechlorination pattern (pattern N)..-is similar to thal observed hy Quensen et al.
(1990) and Bedard et al. (1990), but other dechlorination scenarios must not be ruled out at
tha time.
Coniener D~rt,asg Congener Increase
22'455' (#101) 22'45' (#49)
22'34'5'6 (#149) 22 '34 '6 (#91)
22'46' (#51)
233'44'6 (#158) 24'6 (#32)
22'344'5' (#138) 22'44 I (#47)
22'33'44'5 (#170) "
Other dechlorination patterns are possible, as the preliminary results suggest significant
cit.creases in congeners #179, # 153, #132, and #136.
Befrn:oces
Bedard, D.L., H. Van Dort, S.C. BUMell. 1990. General Electric Company ~ch and
Development Program for the De.ffl'UCtion of PCBs, Ninth Progress Report. General. Electric
Corporate Research and Development, Schenectady, New Yorlc.
Quensen, 1.F., m, S.A Boyd, J.M. Tiedje. 1990. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 56:2360-2369.
Schulz, D.E., G. Petrick, J.C. Duinlccr. 1989. Environ. Sci. Tcchnol. 23:852•857.
la] 002
'.09113194 12:24 t,706 S46 3252 EPA-ATBE~S, G.~
NC#2J<LS
--+ ___ 1f...;SCl'I=_ ulz i __ _
NC#2 Ar 1260 i ---· .1 .• -=--~;;.....;.:~....:...--
IUPAC # i Wt% Wt% jdiffcr~
I
(1) 3.739 01 -(3) o.m o;
--I
(4. 10) ' 0.0'1◄ 0: ---1-----1------+ 0 1
3.739 ?
0.228 -0.044 -0.021 (7, ') 0,CJ2 j I -----+----~---+--(') 0.J63 0 ! 0.163 -----+-----..----+-
($, I) __
1
___ o.6_04-----'I --Jl o.604
(ls>) . n.~90 0 . 0.390 ~ OJ.I02 0 I 0.002
05. 11} I -_-o_.-6_,-u~~+-f .... _-_-_-_-_-_--'o ... t __ o_-.6~
(17) I 0.445 I O ! 0,445 (2◄, 2-7)--1 -0-.0-12-..;..1 -•. -0 i 0.012 i. I
<•c;,121 0.101 • o; 0.101 ._ __ ........, ___ , i ----
(J', 54) i 0.005 j O i o.oos
I i oi (29) . 0.00} \ I 0,001 ------·-
(l') Ii 0.'07 1 o i 0.407
(?S) --+-.-0-.1-17-1-. 0 , 0,117
Ql). ___ l _o_.Rs_-,_-,..1 _ 0.05...___0_.8_04-I
(21.50) I u6s I o.os1 1.41s " t-'-------+--------
t'J0,21,.13,.~) j l.041 ! 0 t J .041 ¥
z !'/'/ zz. ·,,, -... tn_._5_•)--+-_o._79_1 __ i · ... ol · o.7!H -It
0.12, 1· oj 0.129
---+----➔---.... i-;.<•_G>;...._ _____ o.0_12_ 1 ____ . ol o.oy~
(43, !l. 73) ' 2,2()7 i 0.56 1.647 ....
<•'> I s.333 O 3.333 .-,
('7) ___ .... l _ Ull _ _,. __ ~!1 j 0.523
<• 75..) 0.027 D.09 -0.063 ·-(35) 0.000 I O 0,000 --------------•·---------1 (44, 10.f) 0.7'4 0 0,754 ... .. <37,◄2."> I 0.1•2 o o.742 .-
:_""11,?J) 1: o.Gl-4 1 -0.1
0
,. ·· o.544 ~
v·v1 0.079 I l 0.079
(~) ···-. ➔_ ,-0_1_2?_-4 ___ 0'! . 0.127
(57,'7,I00,1i O.l!JIJ ' o! 0.193
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Page 1
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(1'9) ! 0.148 0.051 0.098
(1'70.D.Bl.") ' 4.151 l 3.91 0.2.41 I I I
(1,0) 0.991 ! 0.79! 0.201
Page2
State of North Carolina
Department of Environment,
Health and Natural Resources
Division of Epidemiology
James B. Hunt, Jr., Governor
Jonathan B. Howes, Secretary
September 12, 1994
MEMORANDUM
TO: William Meyer, Director
Division of Solid Waste Management
THROUGH: John I. Freeman, D.V.M., M.P.H.,
Environmental Epidemiology Secti
FROM: Kenneth Rudo, Ph.D., Toxicologi ~a
Environmental Epidemiology Section
SUBJECT: Health Risk Evaluation
Warren County Landfill Samples
This memo is a follow-up to the September 7, 1994 memo that
evaluated PCB and chromium contamination in the Warren County
Landfill. In addition to the compounds commented on previously,
the following chemicals were identified:
013921 -88 ppm barium -Leachate pond
942795 -62 ppb chlorobenzene -dry landfill contents
23 ppb 1,4-dichlorobenzene
942797 and 013919 -wet landfill contents
60 ppb chlorobenzene
48 ppb 1,4-dichlorobenzene
2 ppm arsenic
23 ppm barium
35 ppm lead
013909-0.23 ppm barium -landfill leachate
013914 -0.05 ppm barium -monitoring well #1
013917 -0.08 ppm barium -monitoring well #4
013918 -0.08 ppm barium -monitoring well #4 duplicate
013920 -16 ppm barium -Richneck CK-DS sediment
013922 - 2 ppm arsenic -west side landfill
94 ppm barium
013923 -72 ppm barium -air vent area soil
The levels of barium, arsenic, lead, chlorobenzene, and 1,4-
dichlorobenzene in all the above soil and sediment samples should
not pose any increased health risks upon prolonged exposure.
P.O. Box 27687, Raleigh, North Carolina 27611-7687
An Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer 50% recycled/ l 0% post-consumer paper
l
William Meyer
Page 2
September 12, 1994
The EPA MCL for barium is 2 ppm and the North Carolina
groundwater standard is 1 ppm. Barium levels detected in the
monitoring wells are below both standards and should not pose any
increased health risks if this groundwater source was utilized
for consumption.
If you have any further questions, please feel free to contact me
at 733-3410.
KR:td
cc: Grover Nicholson
John Neal
State of North Carolina
Department of Environment,
Health and Natural Resources
Legislative & Intergovernmental Affairs
James B. Hunt, Jr., Governor
Jonathan B. Howes, Secretary
Henry M. Lancaster II , Dire ctor
MEMORANDUM
TO: DOLLIE BURWELL, REGISTER O F DEEOS
KEN FERRUCIO
LUCIOUS HAWKINS, CHAIR, WARREN COUNTY COMMISSIONERS
FRANK BALLAHCE, STATE SENATOR
FROM: HENRY M . LANCASTER, II
DATE: SEPTEMBER 8 , I 994
REGARDING: STRUCTURAL AHO PROCEDURAL AMENOMEHTS TO THI!: JOINT WARREN COUNTY AHO STATE
PCB LAHOFILL WORKING GROUP
PURSUANT TO CONVERSATIONS HELD WITH VARIOUS INTERESTED PARTIES CONCERNING THE MAKE-UP AHO OPERATION OF
THE WORKING GROUP, I AM OFFERING THE FOLLOWING FOR YOUR CONSIDERATION:
SUGGESTED COMPOSllfoN OF WORKING GROUP
REPRESENTING
OFFICE OF THE GOVERNO,R ( I )
OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY, EHNR ( I )
A. DIVISION 01" ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ( I )
OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY, ADMINISTRATION (I)
WARREN COUNTY GOVERNMENT
A. COUNTY COMMISSION ( I )
B. HEALTH DEPARTMENT (I)
C. PUBLIC SAFETY ( I )
BUSINESS/CHAMBER 01" COMMERCE ( I )
RELIGIOUS COMMUNITY (3)
YOUTH (2)
ENVIRONMENTAL COMMUNITY (4)
PRIVATE CITIZENS (4)
APPOINTER
GOVERNOR HUNT
SECRETARY JONATHAN B . HOWES
SECRETARY KATIE G . DORSETT
COMMISSION CHAIR
COMMISSION CHAIR
CmZENS GROUP
CmZENS GROUP
CmZENS GROUP, SECRETARY HOWES
CmZENS GROUP, COMMISSION CHAIR
P.O. Box 27687, Raleigh, North Carolina 27611 -7687 Telephone [phone]
An Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer 50% recycled/ 10% post-consumer paper
RULES OF PROCEDURE
JOINT WARREN COUNlY/STATE PCB LANDFlLL
WORKING GROUP
I. MISSION STATEMENT
II. GoALS/fASKS
Ill. OFFICERS
A. Co-CHAIRS. Co-CHAIRS SHALL BE APPOINTED BY THE SECRETARY OF THE NORTH
CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT, HEALTH AND NATURAL RESOURCES.
B.
SAID TERMS SHALL BE FOR ONE YEAR, AND THEY SHALL BE ELIGIBLE FOR RE-
APPOINTMENT. THE Co-CHAIRS SHALL DECIDE ALL POINTS OF ORDER AND
PROCEDURE, SUBJECT TO THESE RULES, UNLESS DIRECTED OTHERWISE BY A TWO-
THIRDS MAJORITY OF THE WORKINO GROUP IN SESSION AT THE TIME. THE Co-
CHAIRS SHALL APPOINT ANY COMMITTEES FOUND NECESSARY TO INVESTIGATE OR
STUDY MATTERS BEFORE THE WORKING GROU_P .
SECRETARY. A SECRETARY SHALL BE APPOINTED BY THE Co-CHAIRS OF THE
WORKING GROUP EITHER FROM WITHIN OR FROM OUTSIDE ITS MEMBERSHIP, TO
HOLD OFFICE DURING THE TERM OF THE SECRETARY OF THE DEPARTMENT AND/OR
UNTIL A SUCCESSOR SECRETARY SHALL HAVE BEEN APPOINTED. THE SECRETARY
SHALL BE ELIGIBLE FOR REAPPOINTMENT. THE SECRETARY, SUB.JECT TO THE
DIRECTION OF THE Co-CHAIRS ANO THE WORKING GROUP, SHALL KEEP ALL
REC6RDS, SHALL CONDUCT ALL CORRESPONDENCE OF THE WORKING GROUP, AND
SHALL GENERALLY SUPERVISE THE CLERICAL WORK OF THE WORKING GROUP.
THE SECRETARY SHALL KEEP THE MINUTES OF EVERY WORKING GROUP MEETING,
WHICH MINUTES SHALL BE A PUBLIC RECORD. THE MINUTES SHALL SHOW THE
RECORD OF ALL IMPORTANT FACTS PERTAINING TO EACH MEETING AND HEARING,
EVERY RESOLUTION ACTED UPON BY THE WORKING GROUP, AND ALL VOTES OF THE
WORKING GROUP MEMBERS UPON ANY RESOLUTION OR UPON THE FINAL
DETERMINATION OF ANY QUESTION, INDICATING THE NAMES OF MEMBERS ABSENT OR
FAILING TO VOTE.
Ill. MEETINGS
A. REGULAR MEETINGS. MEETINGS OF THE WORKING GROUP SHALL BE HELD IN
WARRENTON, NORTH CAROLINA, PROVIDED THAT IF THE Co-CHAIRS SO DIRECT,
MEETINGS MAY BE HELD AT ANY OTHER PLACE IN THE STATE. THE WORKING
GROUP MAY ESTABLISH A SCHEDULE OF REGULAR MEETINGS.
B.
C.
SPECIAL MEETINGS. SPECIAL MEETINGS OF THE WORKINO GROUP MAY BE CALLED
AT ANY TIME BY THE Co-CHAIRS. MEETINGS MAY BE CALLED BY TWELVE ( I 2) OR
MORE MEMBERS OF THE WORKING GROUP. AT LEAST FORTY-EIGHT (48) HOURS
NOTICE OF THE TIME AND PLACE OF SPECIAL MEETINGS SHALL BE GIVEN BY THE
SECRETARY OR THE Co-CHAIRS TO EACH MEMBER OF THE WORKING GROUP;
PROVIDED THAT THIS REQUIREMENT MAY BE WAIVED BY ACTION OF A MAJORITY OF
THE MEMBERS.
CANCELLATION OF MEETINGS. WHENEVER THERE IS NO BUSINESS FOR THE
WORKING GROUP, THE Co-CHAIRS MAY DISPENSE WITH A MEETING BY GIVING
NOTICE TO ALL THE MEMBERS NOT LESS THAN TWENTY-FOUR (24) HOURS BEFORE
THE TIME SET FOR THE MEETING.
D. 0UORUM. A QUORUM SHALL CONSIST OF A MAJORITY OF MEMBERS OF THE
WORKING GROUP.
E. CONDUCT OF MEETINGS. ALL MEETINGS SHALL BE OPEN TO THE PUBLIC. THE
ORDER OF BUSINESS SHALL BE OPEN TO THE PUBLIC. THE ORDER OF BUSINESS
SHALL BE AS FOLLOWS: W ROLL CALL; (B) READING AND APPROVAL OF THE
MINUTES OF THE PREVIOUS MEETING; (C) REPORTS OF COMMITTEES; (D)
UNFINISHED BUSINESS; (E) NEW BUSINESS. PARLIAMENTARY PROCEDURE SHALL
BE IN COMPLIANCE WITH ROBERTS RULE OF ORDER.
F. ~-THE VOTE OF A MAJORITY OF THOSE MEMBERS PRESENT SHALL BE
SUFFICIENT TO DECIDE MATTERS BEFORE THE WORKING GROUP PROVIDED A
QUORUM HAS BEEN DULY RECORDED.
IV. REPOITTS
COPIES OF MINUTES WILL BE DISTRIBUTED TO ALL MEMBERS, THE COUNTY MANAGER, THE
SECRETARY OF ENVIRONMENT, HEALTH AND NATURAL RESOURCES AND THE GOVERNOR.
PERIODIC PROGRESS REPORTS WILL BE SUBMITTED AS DEEMED NECESSARY BY THE
WORKING GROUP OR Co-CHAIRS.
V. AMENDMENfS
THESE RULES MAY, WITHIN THE LIMITS ALLOWED BY LAW, BE AMENDED AT ANY TIME BY AN
AFFIRMATIVE VOTE OF NOT LESS THAN TWELVE ( I 2) VOTING MEMBERS OF THE WORKING
GROUP, PROVIDED THAT SUCH AMENDMENT SHALL HAVE FIRST BEEN PRESENTED TO THE
MEMBERSHIP IN WRITING AT A REGULAR OR SPECIAL MEETING PRECEDING THE MEETING AT
WHICH THE VOTE IS TAKEN.
.. , \.
State of North Carolina
Department of Environment,
Health and Natural Resources
Division of Epidemiology
James B. Hunt, Jr., Governor
Jonathan B. Howes, Secretary
.NA
DEHNR
MEMORANDUM
TO:
THROUGH:
FROM:
SUBJECT:
Se~tember 7 , 1994
William Meyer, Director
Division of Solid Waste Management
~6hn I . Freeman, D. V. M. , M. P.H. , Chief
Environmental Epidemiology Section
Kenneth Rudo , Ph.D. , Toxicologist [(krL
Environmental Epidemiology Section
Health Risk Evaluation
Warren County Landfill Samples
After evaluating water, solid, and soil samples from the Warren
County PCB landfill and the adjacent areas (#942748-942829 and
#013909-013923) the Environmental Epidemiology Section (EES)
would like to put forward the following comments and
recommendations.
The majority of the samples did not indicate any PCB
c ontamination and levels of other compounds were low and should
not pose any health risks upon exposure to the soil, solids, or
water. The following soil or solid samples did indicate
measurable levels of PCBs and/or chromium:
942752 -0.53 ppm PCB (1260) -leachate pond -middle
942753 - 1 .15 ppm PCB (1260) -leachate pond -filter
942781 - 1 .45 ppm PCB (1260) -leachate pond -filter
942782 -0.22 ppm PCB (1260) -east side -landfill
942796 -301.4 ppm PCB (1260) -dry landfill contents
942799 -151.8 ppm PCB (1260) -wet landfill contents
013919 -12 ppm Chromium -wet landfill contents
013921 -12 ppm Chromium -leachate pond
013922 -12 ppm Chromium -west side landfill seep
013923 -16 ppm Chromium -Grid 14-3-air vent
outfall
outfall
Although these sample results were taken on the landfill
property, EES feels that steps previously taken to restrict
access to these contaminated areas, should prevent exposure to
P.O. Box 27687, Raleigh, North Carolina 27611-7687
An Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer 50% recycled/ l 0% post-consumer paper
I .
William Meyer
Warren County Landfill Samples
Page 2
September 7, 1994
the soil in these areas that could pose an increased health risk
over time. EES considers significant exposure to the landfill
contents, leachate pond area, etc., to be unlikely, as long as
access restrictions have been taken.
If you have any further questions, please feel free to contact me
at 733-3410.
KR:lp
Attachments
cc: Grover Nicholson, Superfund Section
John Neal, State Laboratory of Public Health
MESSAGE DISPLAY FOR HENRY LANCASTER
To Henry Lancaster
CC Lois Artis
CC Linda Rimer
CC Greg Wilshusen
CC dgl
From: Douglas Lewis
Postmark: Sep 02,94 8:48 AM
Host: EHNR
Delivered: Sep 02,94 8:48 AM
Subject: Reply to: Warren County PCB Working Group
Reply text:
From: Douglas Lewis:NCSTGOV
Date: Sep 02,94 8:48 AM
No, not this question. The committee needs to have official status;
apointment by the G.A., Gov., or the Secretary. Once that is done
they can qualify for travel and per diem. Greg's staff are the
travel experts and can help you accomplish what you want.
Lois had asked about the contract to evaluate the landfill. A budget
revision was approved April 30 to move $40k of lapsed salary to
support about half of the project. That money was encumbered by May
31 but we find no payments made last fiscal year and it was not
eligible for carry forward because it was lapsed salary. On Aug 15 a
budget revision was approved that again moved DSWM lapsed salary to
support the contrpct in the amount of $40k. Options: You can use
lapsed salary from DSWM (they will generate it later in the year) or
look elsewhere in the Environmental Divisions for lapsed salary. I
do not recommend using Bill's or any one elses contract money for
this purpose this early in the fiscal year.
Preceding message:
From: Henry Lancaster
Date: Sep 01,94 5:26 PM
Has Lois talked to you about identifying money to reimburse Warren
County committee folks for telephone and travel expenses? And if so,
how do the chances look?
-------========X========-------
..
f
PnaJ.M f I, Plt..D. .......
lianlmdia1ica--= Prop-am
~. r:'Jaborek,cy
08/26194
Dear Sharon,
GE Corporate Research
and D•velopment
.._, Xl, ILoom 3C7
P.O. Jim I, I b :lady, NY 12301--000II
l'boaa: 511317-7470; Fu: 511317-7611
Dial c:c.am: l-&33-7470
5-..u ID: Ne 1 W"CaaiJOl.-11.,..oam
Here is a copy of the report on the samples we analyud from the landfill. If you have any questions,
please contact Dr. Donna Bedard, as I will be out of the office until September 8.
Best Wishes,
4-/.
Frank 1. Mondello
Donna L ledard, Ph.D.
Group uader
Biomnediation Rnearch Program
Environmental Laboratory
August 23, 1994
To: Frank Mondello
GE Corporate Re.search
Mid Development
Building K1, Room 3B12
P.O. Box 8, Schenectady, NY 12301-0008
Phone: [phone]; Fax: [phone]
Dial Comm: 8 • 833-5914
From: Donna L. Bedard, Ralph May, and Lynn Smullen
Subject Assessment of PCBs in North Carolina soil sample
Two PCB-contaminated soil samples were received from the Division of Solid Waste
management/Superfund Section at the Nor.th Carolina Department of environmental
health and Natural Resources in Raleigh, North Carolina. These samples were
labelled 'W1-002-LC 7/28/94 landfill contents." We have extracted the PCBs,
performed congener-specific analysis by GC/MS, and done a preliminary interpretation
of the results. The PCB concentration in the two samples was approximately 315 to
340 µg/g soil.
The PCBs appear to be composed primarily of unaltered Aroclor 1260, a lesser
amount of partially dechlorinated Aroclor 1254, and a small amount of partially
evaporated Aroclor 1242. This interpretation is based on limited data and a
semiquantitative comparison of the congener distributions in Aroclors 1242, 1254, and
1260 with those in the samples received. This interpretation should therefore be
considered tentative. A more conclusive interpretation would require more information
regarding the nature of the PCB contaminant and history of the sample, rigorous
quantitation and a mother-daughter analysis of presumptive dechlorination substrates
and products.
The mono-, di-, and trichlorobiphenyls present are typical of Aroclor 1242, but their
relative proportions are altered relative to Aroclor 1242. With the exception of
26-3-CB and 25-3-CB, the proportions of all mono-through trichlorobiphenyls eluting
prior to 25-4-CB and 24-4-CB are decreased relative to the latter congeners. This is
_· most likely due to evaporation. There is no evidence of increased proportions of ortho-
enriched congeners such as 2-CB, 2-2-CB, 26-2-CB, or 2-4-CB. However, the propor-
tions of 26-3-CB and 25-3-CB are increased relative to 25-4-CB and 24-4-CB. Most
likely the elevated levels of 26-3-CB and 25-3-CB result from partial dechlorination of
Aroclor 1254.
The tetra-and pentachlorobiphenyls appear to be derived -from a combination of
partially dechlorinated Aroclors 1254 and 1260. Peaks 47 (25-34-CB), 61 (236-34-CB),
53 (245-25-CB), and 69/5 (245-34-CB) are all notably decreased relative to Aroclor
1254, and have probably been dechlorinated. Peaks 31 (25-25-CB), 32 (24-25-CB),
...
J .. ' --.. ----.. ··---------------
Page -2-
which are typical of Process H or Process P decnlorination, are notably increased.
The tetrachlorobiphenyl 25-26-CB (peak 25) is also present. The latter congener is
not a significant component of any Aroclor and is also indicative of dechlorination. It is
probably derived from 236-245-CB (peak 69/6).
The hexa-, hepta-, and octachlorobiphenyls are typical of unaltered Aroclor 1260.
The dechlorinations can be summarized as follows:
25-34
236-34
234-245
236-245
245-245
➔ 25-3
➔ 26-34 ➔ 26-3
➔ 245-24 ➔ 24-25
➔ 236-25 ➔ 25-26
➔ 245-25 ➔ 25-25
Thus the dechlorination appears to result fr~m a limited para dechlorination similar to
Process P.
State of North Carolina
Department of Environment,
Health and Natural Resources
Division of Solid Waste Management
James B. Hunt, Jr., Governor
Jonathan B. Howes, Secretary
William L. Meyer, Director
.MA
DEHNR
August 24, 1994
MEMORANDUM
TO: Linda Rimer
FROM: Bill Meyer j}J!'/
SUBJECT: PCB Landfill Expenses
I am requesting assistance from the Department in budgeting
funds for expenses incurred at the PCB Landfill in Warren County.
As you know, there is a personal services contract in place for
recommendation of evaluation procedures and long-term controls for
the landfill. This contract totals $82,950. The Division has
completed Revision #12-0578 to budget $40,000 from Division lapsed
salary to fund a portion of this contract .. It was agreed that the
Department would identify funds to cover the balance of the
contract. We are requesting that the remaining $42,950 be budgeted
from Department funds as soon as possible. The balance remaining
in this contract is $25,478.34. However, invoices totaling
approximately $31,000.00 are outstanding and we do not have
adequate funds to pay these bills.
Funds are also requested to pay for mileage to and from
meetings and related telephone charges for members of the Joint
Warren County State PCB Working Group. The work group members were
told that they would receive this compensation from the state, and
charges have been submitted. I am estimating that these could
total approximately $5000 in fiscal year 94/95. The Division will
process all related travel reimbursement forms and consult with
members concerning required documentation. However, we need
correct budget codes identified in order t9 have Fiscal Management
process the reimbursement requests.
We appreciate your help in identifying these funds. Please
let me know if you need additional information.
cc: Lois Artis
Henry Lancaster
P.O. Box 27687, Raleigh, North Carolina 27611-7687 Telephone [phone] FAX [phone]
An Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer 50% recycled/ 1 0% post-consumer paper
SEP 09 '94 11:22AM 3MGMT 14 FP.OM NC DIU HA2EROU5 WAST~ 09.09.1994 P.1
!' .1
... ,,,...,r_ cit No I rol/na
n vlronment,
of Resources
II e Monogemant
It Hu:rit ovarnor
o~ B. H Secretory L; M$y~r DI actor
l:!I ' :
'! . I I• ' ' . August 24, 1gg4
J
DUM
I Gtef W~lshusen
l, .. L:: •• :::l :;:: 'pJi~
TO
~ • Ttav l roil!lburaemant
~he bepar mi· tis involved in a Joint Stat -warren county PCB
La d iil Work! g Group to discuss i11aues a~rrounding the PCB lad iil. So~ ima ago Department officials assured work group ri' that ha state would reimburse them for work rell!lted ~. ~• oall a~d for mileage to and from work group meetings.
! -•lllhers . aV:e recently submitted reimburs~rnent requests for
l : ::and pho e oharqea in fiscal year 92/9
1
3 and tisoal year , :aa w•ll s current charges.
i~hiuqh o ioy dictates that travel I expenses not be r• tor r or fisoal years, I am reque•t~ng an .exception to 1 y.· 1 ure to provide thesa reimburaamenta oould cause
1
0~.o true nd confidence.
/ii,th .be h~py to provide detailed ~nfo ation conoerning
t~queat. fleaae call me at 733-4996 if you have nny i9~s. I
I :
.o Box 2768?. ~al&! h, torth Carolina ~?6 l 1•7687
An EqLJQI OpP()rl ttv I ffirmoillM Acflori fmployar Telop/'1ori& 910--733·4 96 FN<. 919·'16-MOS
fiOCr, r•cVcl&d/ l 0%
I
I I -! •• I •
F• • 1
State of North Carolina
Department of Environment,
Health and Natural Resources
Division of Solid Waste Management
James B. Hunt, Jr., Governor
Jonathan B. Howes, Secretary
William L. Meyer, Director
NA
DEHNR
August 24, 1994
MEMORANDUM
TO:
FROM:
SUBJECT:
Greg Wilshusen
Controller
4-Jll\ Bill Meyer y \
Travel Reimbursement
✓
The Department is involved in a Joint State-Warren County PCB
Landfill Working Group to discuss issues surrounding the PCB
landfill. Some time ago Department officials assured work group
members that the state would reimburse them for work related
telephone calls and for mileage to and from work group meetings .
Group members have recently submitted reimbursement requests for
travel and phone charges in fiscal year 92/93 and fiscal year
93/94, as well as current charges.
Although policy dictates that travel expenses not be
reimbursed for prior fiscal years, I am requesting an exception to
this policy. Failure to provide these reimbursements could cause
erosion of trust and confidence.
I will be happy to provide detailed information concerning
this request. Please call me at 733-4996 if you have any
questions.
P.O. Box 27687 , Raleigh, North Carolina 27611-7687 Telephone [phone] FAX [phone]
An Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer 50% recycled/ l 0% post-consumer paper
To: Members of the Joint Warren County I State PCB Landfill Working Group
From : Ken Ferruccio ~
Subject: Formulating Agenda
Date: August 19, 1994
As co-chairperson, it's my responsibility along with Dolly Burwell to see to it that the
agenda for the meetings are formulated jointly. This process can be facilitated if
research , education, and other initiatives are worked out jointly at the behest of the
working group and if we schedule joint procedures involving Pauline well in advance.
Today I had to spend several hours on the phone in the attempt to work out an agenda
that would reflect various concerns. We tentatively planned to have a presentation
explaining the chemistry of PCBs and various detoxification methods that might be
applicable and to have this information presented jointly by Sharron and by Pauline.
However, after talking with Pauline, I learned that a joint presentation would not be
possible because Pauline had not been notified early enough for the joint
presentation. There were also other considerations:
1. The presentation would be of limited value if not presented jointly.
2. It was agreed at the last meeting that a consideration of detoxification
methods prior to an evaluation of sampling data would be premature.
3. The presentation would not only be premature, it would not be the best
use of our time since some things would need to be repeated at future
meetings.
4. The discussion would not be scientifically and technically substantive at this time
because of the absence of the needed sampling data base.
5. We could make better use of taxpayers' money and better use of our time by
having Pauline attend only those meetings dealing with issues that are
scientifically and technically substantive and by precluding needless repetition.
Because of the above considerations, I decided that this committee as well as the
taxpayers could best be served by presenting information concerning the chemistry of
PCBs and concerning detoxification after sampling data have been evaluated and
after concentrations of contaminants have been related to EPA environmental
standards.
This left us with the remaining agenda items that had been mutually agreed on:
1 . Considerations concerning Pauline Ewald
2. Security issues at the PCB Landfill
3. Replacing voting members who are unable to attend
4. Vouchers: Procedures and records
On August 5, at 1 :45pm, a citizen of Warren County, who asked not to be
identified, reported seeing activity at the state-owned Warren County PCB
Landfill. Mr. L B Falkner, a resident who lives very close to the landfill was
seen at the closed locked gate to the landfill property on August 3 at
approximately 4:30 pm. At the same time, three men, who were unknown
to the local citizen reporting the siting, were seen on the west slope of the
facility just outside the fence that surrounds the landfill itself. These
individuals had portable radios and were seen to use an auger to take three
samples from the ground and place those samples in a brown cardboard box.
The three samples were taken approximately 6 to 8 feet apart. The
individuals were wearing yellow gloves. The Warren County citizen reported
the observation to Pat Williamson, DSWM PIO on August 5 at 1 :45.
August 4, 1 994
TO: Dee Strickland
FROM: Sharron Rogers
MEMO
SUBJECT: Scope of Work for Triangle Laboratories
Triangle Laboratories is to perform chemical analyses for seven (7)
environmental samples, soil and water, by EPA Method 8290. This method
is required to determine the amount of the chemical species of dioxins and
dibenzo furans in the samples. Triangle is to perform this work under
CERCLA-level chain of custody and with a high standard of quality
assurance. A written report with supporting documentation of the anaylsis
and quality assurance procedures will be prepared for each sample.
_' n · ;;.:.{t.7'. 3¥4&4!WW
State of North Carolina
Department of Environment,
Health and Natural Resources
Division of Solid Waste Management
James B. Hunt, Jr., Governor
Jonathan B. Howes, Secretary
William L. Meyer, Director
August 1 , 1 994
Ms. Alfreda Jordan-Webb
County Manager, Warren County
P.O. Box 619
Warrenton, NC 27589
Dear Ms. Jordan-Webb:
.RA
DEHNR
The team from the Division of Solid Waste Management wishes to
thank your team for their assistance during the environmental sampling effort
at the Warren County PCB Landfill on July 28, 1 994. Emergency
Management personnel, Gary Robenolt and Dennis Pascal, were excellent
council to standby during the extraction of methane from the landfill.
We appreciate their efforts and the hospitality of Warren County
during our activities.
Very truly yours,
~~~:,s
xc:
Bill Meyer
Grover Nicholson
P.O. Box 27687, Raleigh, North Carolina 27611-7687 Telephone [phone] FAX [phone]
An Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer 50% recycled/ l 0% post-consumer paper
State of North Carolina
Department of Environment,
Health and Natural Resources
Division of Solid Waste Management
James B. Hunt, Jr., Governor
Jonathan B. Howes, Secretary
William L. Meyer, Director
August 1, 1 994
Mr. Kenny Clayton
Chief, Warrenton Rural Fire Department
c/o Mr. Gary Robenolt
PO Box 619
Warrenton, NC 27589
Dear Mr. Clayton:
.RA
DEHNR
Please accept our sincere thanks for the assistance during our
environmental sampling effort at the Warren County PCB Landfill. Our
special thanks to the fireman who delivered the fan and stood by while we
removed the methane from the gas vent prior to our sampling. This
assistance kept us on schedule and contributed to our team's safety.
We appreciate the hospitality of Warren County and especially the
assistance of the Warrenton Rural Fire Department.
Very truly yours,
~~---~ -~(---~
~arron Rogers
xc:
Bill Meyer
Grover Nicholson
P.O. Box 27687, Raleigh, North Carolina 27611-7687 Telephone [phone] FAx 919-71&-3605
An Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer 50% recycled/ l 0% post-consumer paper
State of North Carolina
Department of Environment,
Health and Natural Resources
Division of Solid Waste Management
James B. Hunt, Jr., Governor
Jonathan B. Howes, Secretary
William L. Meyer, Director
August 1, 1 994
Mr. Clarence Thompson
County Maintenance Supervisor
NC Department of Transportation
Rt 4, Box 703
Warrenton, NC 27589
Dear Mr. Thompson:
.NA
DEHNR
Please express to your staff our appreciation for the continuing high
quality of care they give to the Warren County PCB Landfill. Their
cooperation and quality of work is an asset to the state.
During our recent environmental sampling effort, July 27 and 28, the
preparation of the site, mowing and signage, was excellent. Thanks to your
staff for their valuable assistance.
Very truly yours,
~r~
xc:
Bill Meyer
Grover Nicholson
P.O. Box 27687, Raleigh, North Carolina 27611-7687 Telephone [phone] FAX [phone]
An Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer 50% recycled/ 10% post-consumer paper
I'll ... ENVIRONMENT & l~U>I INFRASTRUCTURE
ECEtvc:; ,. <'.?
Otid Was• -,e
--------------------------------------+~-2 19[)4
July 29, 1994
Mr. William L. Meyer, Director
Division of Solid Waste Management
Department of Environment, Health and
Natural Resources
Post Office Box 27 687
Raleigh, North Carolina 27611-7687
Re: Warren County PCB Landfill
Afton, North Carolina
Dear Mr. Meyer:
RUST Environment & lnfras
551 0 Six
Raleigh,
Tel. [phone] • FAX [phone]
I would like to take this opportunity to thank you again for taking the time to discuss with
me upcoming activities at the Warren County polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) landfill. It
is my understanding that the State of North Carolina, owner of the landfill, will seek bids
for qualified contractors in the future to detoxify the waste contents of the landfill. RUST
Environment & Infrastructure, along with our sister company RUST Remedial Services, has
significant expertise in innovative technology including thermal desorption and in-situ
treatment of PCBs. Therefore, the RUST family of companies is uniquely positioned to
assist the state in this effort.
Please consider this letter as RUST's official request to be notified of upcoming bid
opportunities in all phases of the work. Thank you again for providing RUST with an
opportunity to assist your office in this endeavor. If you have any questions or I can provide
additional information, please call me at [phone].
Sincerely,
William M. Bremen, P.E.
cc: Mr. David Priddy, RUST E&I
G:\BD\CORRES\MEYERLTR
Quality through teamwork 0
JAMES B. HUNT, JR.
GOVERNOR
STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
OFFICE OF THE GOVERNOR
RALEIGH 27603-8001
~uly 28, 1994
To the Joint Warren County and State PCB Landfill Working Group:
In 1983, after the PCB landfill in Warren County was closed,
I made a commitment that the State would monitor the condition of
the landfill and the health of the citizens living near the
landfill. North Carolina has maintained that commitment ever
since.
In addition, I made several other commitments to the citizens
of Warren County. Since my return to the Governor's Office in
1993, I have taken a number of steps to reinforce those
commitments, including the establishment of the Joint PCB Landfill
Working Group at the request of Warren County.
I am writing to you now to reaffirm those commitments and to
thank you for your assistance in helping me fulfill them. I am
pleased that you have been working for several months under the
direction of the co-chairs from DEHNR and Warren County and that
with the assistance of DEHNR, you have hired a technical advisor to
assist you in addressing concerns about the landfill.
You have identified three primary agenda items: (1) to perform
a detailed environmental assessment of the landfill; (2) to
evaluate technologies for detoxification of the PCB-contaminated
contents of the landfill; and (3) to assess maintenance needs for
the landfill's security, such as internal landfill water levels.
While all three of these agenda items are important to ensure
safety of the landfill, I am aware that detoxification of the
contaminated soils is a priority concern. In 1984, a similar joint
working group which I appointed to look at this issue recommended
that detoxification was not feasible at that time. With ten
additional years of information, research work, and practical
experience with the clean-up of PCB-contaminated soils behind us,
it is possible that a feasible means of detoxifying the landfill,
which does not pose a threat to the community, may be found.
. ~--.. ,. ,
Joint PCB Landfill Working Group
July 28, 1994
Page Two
I have instructed DEHNR to support your efforts to achieve all
three of your agenda items. Funding has been made available to
provide for your technical advisor. In addition, DEHNR has
transferred $100,000 to Warren County to maintain and improve the
PCB landfill. This $100,000 may be used for such items as improved
security, lighting, electricity to the landfill site, or funding
the environmental site investigation.
All environmental studies conducted at the PCB landfill in
Warren County to date show that there has been no release of PCBs
to the area. Warren County remains a safe and heal thy community to
live in, and I am committed to doing what is necessary to keep it
that way.
With warmest personal regards.
cc: Warren County Commissioners
I
1-800-9-ANALYSIS, INC.
July 25, 1994
Sharron Rogers
NC Division of Solid and Hazardous Waste
401 Oberlin Road
Suite 150
Raleigh, NC 27605
Dear Ms. Rogers,
I would like to take this opportunity to inform you of our
capabilities and desire to be considered for any special analysis
projects which may arise in the future. We are 1-800-9-Analysis,
Inc., a full service chemical analysis laboratory located in
Research Triangle Park. In addition to the normal range of
analytes, we are also able to offer dioxin determination by high
resolution mass spectrometery. Our certification number with the
Division of Environmental Management is 436 and our laboratory
number with the Public Water Supply Section is 37747. If there
is ever any occasion for which our services could be useful, we
would very much like the opportunity.
Please do not hesitate to contact me at 919-558-1111 if there is
any additional information I can provide you.
Glenn Powell
Laboratory Manager
P.O . Box 12012, 85 T.W. Alexander Drive• Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
Tel : [phone] (1-800-9-ANALYSIS) • Fax: [phone] (1-800-9-FAX-ANALYSIS)
I
State of North Carolina
Department of Environment,
Health and Natural Resources
Division of Solid Waste Management
Jomes B. Hunt, Jr., Governor
Jonathon B. Howes, Secretory
William L Meyer, Director
July 21, 1994
Mr. and Mrs. Ken Ferruccio
Rt 2 Box 163-J
Novtina, NC 27563
Dear Ken and Debbie:
We would like to request your assistance in our completing the
meeting records for the Joint Warren County and State PCB Landfill Working
Group. As you noticed, we taped the meeting in the courthouse, and we
plan to have a transcript of that meeting prepared to place in the notebook
along with the formal minutes documenting the Group's work. If you could
provide the audio and video tapes of the first several meetings, we will
transcribe and copy them for inclusion. With these materials the record
would be complete.
Your foresight in making this record was excellent, and we appreciate
your assistance in making the tapes available. We promise to take good care
of the materials and return them to you when we complete the transcription.
Very truly yours,
~~
Sharron Rogers
xc Bill Meyer
Henry Lancaster
Members of the Joint Warren County
and State PCB Working Group
P.O. Box 27687, Raleigh, North Carolina 27611-7687 Telephone [phone] FAX [phone]
An Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer 50% recycled/ 10% post-consumer paper
State of North Carolina
Department of Environment,
Health and Natural Resources
Division of Solid Waste Management
James 8. Hunt, Jr., Governor
Jonathan 8. Howes, Secretary
William L. Meyer, Director
MEMO
MA ·a-.-.1
DEHNA.
JULY 12, 1994
TO: Members of Joint Warren County and State PCB Working Group
FROM: ~er / Sharron Rogers
\
SUBJECT: Transmittal of Draft Sampling Plan
A draft of the Sampling Plan for the Warren County PCB Landfill is enclosed
for your review. Please find an opportunity to review the document prior to
the next meeting of the Working Group, which we understand is scheduled
to meet at 4pm on Tuesday, July 19 at the Episcopal Church in Warrenton.
Please contact us in advance of the meeting if you would like additional
information or if we can assist in any way.
Additional Distribution:
L. Rimer
H. Lancaster
P.O. Box 27687, Raleigh, North Carolina 27611-7687 Telephone [phone] FAX [phone]
An Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer 50% recycled/ HJ% post-consumer paper
State of North Carolina
Department of Environment,
Health and Natural Resources
Division of Solid Waste Management
James B. Hunt, Jr., Governor
Jonathan B. Howes, Secretary
William L. Meyer, Director
July 1 2, 1 994
TO: Shaun Walsh
FROM: Sharron Rogers
NA
DEHNR
Department of E vironment, Health, and Natural Resources
Division of Solid Waste Management
733-4996
71 5-3605 fax
SUBJECT: Draft of Potential Letter from Governor Hunt to the
Joint Warren County and State PCB Landfill Working Group
As we briefly discussed, a letter from the Governor has been promised. The
focus is a demonstrated commitment to the safety and security of the
Warren County PCB Landfill. There are diverging agendas among the
Working Group members in that some will be satisfied only with total
detoxification, others want the facility to be secure and detoxification studied
as an option. This facility is very important to the Governor. It's other name
is "Hunt's Dump". A copy of the Governor's Open letter to the citizens of
Warren County ( 1 982) is attached along with the new draft.
Current consensus is that new letter will best be addressed directly to the
members of the Working Group (about 16). We have a mailing list. In
addition to the Working Group members, it may be appropriate to send
copies to the County Manager, County Commissioners, Legislative
delegation, and other key elected officials with whom the Governor routinely
communicates in Warren County.
The Working Group is meeting in Warrenton next Tuesday (July 1 9).
Because the commitment for this letter (or press release) was made nearly
two months ago, getting this letter ready before that date would be
desirable.
We stand by to assist in anyway appropriate. Thanks for taking the point on
this for us. ,1 fso ~ U-n~ ~ ~ o<'°~~
( ~~-1-1 'f 1) I) E//A-1/,(7 ~ ,~ ~-t"c___ ~ ,
P.O. Box 27687, Raleigh, North Carolina 27611-7687 Telephone [phone] FAX 919-71&3605
An Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer 50% recycled/ 10% post-consumer paper
Draft Draft Draft Draft Draft Draft Draft
..-Jm Ie-xx, 1994
'7\n Update for the Citizens of Vv'arren €-ot:tfft-v-r--
Many gallons of PCB transformer oils were dumped along roadsides in
14 North Carolina counties in 1978. After detailed consideration of all
alternatives for protecting the citizens of our state, the United States
Environmental Protection Agency decided that the only available option was
to landfill this material.
In 1983, these roadside PCB-contaminated soils were placed in a
state-of-the-art chemical landfill near the Afton community in Warren County.
This single purpose landfill is closed for any other use. North Carolina has
maintained my promises to you by monitoring the condition of the landfill and
the health of the citizen's living near the landfill.
Since my return to the Governor's Office in 1993, I have taken a
number of steps to reinforce my previous commitments to you. At the
request of Warren County, I directed the Department of Environment, Health,
and Natural Resources (DEHNR) to establish a Joint Warren County and State
PCB Landfill Working Group. This working group has been formed and has
met several times under the direction of co-chairs from the DEHNR and
Warren County. The DEHNR has provided funding for a science advisor to
assist the working group in addressing concerns about the landfill.
The working group has identified three primary agenda items: perform
a detailed environmental assessment of the landfill; evaluate technologies for
detoxification of the PCB-contaminated landfill contents; and assess
maintenance needs for the landfill's long-term security, such as internal
landfill water levels.
While all three of these agenda items are important to ensure safety of
the landfill, I am aware that detoxification of the contaminated soils is a
priority concern. In 1984, a similar working group recommended to me that
at that time detoxification was not feasible. However, over the past 10
years much new information, research work, and practical experience with
clean up of PCB-contaminated soils has occurred.
t
In an effort to help the working group with its agenda items, the
DEHNR has proposed a design for a detailed environmental site investigation
of the landfill. This study will include detailed chemical and physical
analyses of samples taken from within the landfill.
A preliminary workplan for this proposed study has been delivered to
the working group members. Soil, surface water, groundwater, vegetation,
and landfill content samples will be chemically analyzed. These results will
be compared to similar findings from our routine sampling. This comparison
will give a detailed current picture of the environment inside and near the
PCB landfill. Knowledge of what has occurred to the PCBs and soils inside
the liner of the landfill for the past 1 0 years will be critical to any
consideration of detoxification options.
At the working group's direction, I have instructed DEHNR to support
the efforts of the working group in conducting a detailed technical review of
feasible PCB-soil detoxification options. Findings and recommendations from
this review will be reported to me and the citizens of the Warren County.
The DEHNR has transferred $100,000 to Warren County to maintain
and improve the PCB landfill. This money may be used for such items as
improved security, lighting, electricity to the landfill site, or funding the
environmental site investigation.
All environmental studies conducted at the PCB landfill in Warren
County to date show that there has been no release of PCBs to the area.
This is a safe and healthy community to live in, and I am committed to
keeping it that way. With proper care, this landfill can continue to be a safe
repository for these materials for you and your grandchildren, while we
continue to press for a feasible detoxification method.
Draft Draft
JA. .. U &. HUNT. Jf\.
OOVE,.NOA
1:. . -..,, >• -
STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
OFFICE OF l'HE GOVERNOR
RALEIGH 27611
October 20, 1982
An Open Letter to the Citi~ens of Warren County:
I appreciated the opportunity to meet with community
leader~ and members of the executive committee of the Concerned
Citizens of warren County on Friday, Octob@r 8.
We had a full and frank discussion, lasting abo~t
two hours. We did not Agree on everything, obviously. But
it was A valuable meeting for me ~nd, I hope, for ~ll of
you.
I told your representatives that I Widerstand and
respect your concerns about the PCB l~ndfill. Nobody w~nls
a landfill of any kind in their community. Your representatives
expressed your concerns in stron9, clear terms. They did
not hold anything back, And I appreciated their frankness.
In turn, 1 was frank with them. I told them that,
in my jud9rnent, the State of North Carolina had no option
but to place the PCB-tainted material in a safe and GQCUre
landfill. The Environmental Protection Agency would not
Approve handling the material in place along the ro~dside,
I told your representatives that Warren County w~s
chosen for the site solely on the basis of technical reasons.
No other con5ideration whatsoever was involved.
I also said during the meeting thAt the State of
North Carolina does not intend to simply walk aw~y from Any
responsibility once the landfill is completed. I made
several commitments to that end, And l want to spell those
out for you:
l. At the request of your representatives, the
state will sponsor a public meeting in Warren County at
which our agency officiAl&, engineerG and scientists will
review the safety features at the landfill and respond to
your specific concerns and question». The meeting will b•
held At 6:30 p.rn., Wednesday, October 27, in the NationAl
Guard Armory in Warrenton.
(more)
r' ...
Warren county Citizens
Page 'l'wo
October 20, 1982
.. r " .
2. The state will push as hard as it cAn for
detoxifica~ion of the landfill when and if the appropriate
and feasible technology is developed. We will seek to
establish a joint local-state-federal working qroup to
pursue this end. The State Board of Science and Technology,
which l chair, will have the specific responsibility for
pressing the Environmental Protection Agency to develop this
process and for monitoring research to determine when
detoxification is pos$ible.
3. The state will maintain continual monitoring of
the landfill. Thi& will include the monitorinq systems
included in the design of the landfill itself, monitoring df
the residential well6 within A three-mile radius of the
landfill and checking •treams Ana c.eek5 in the area.
4. The state will cooperate with your county health
department in providing environmental and health monitoring
for those persons who live, work or go to ~chool near the
landfill. W~rren County Health Director Joe Lennon and
or. Ronald Levine, the state's health director, will be
responsible for developing a monitoring program that will
guarantee that the health of the citizens in .the area is
being protected.
s. My administration will support legislation
prohibiting any additional contaminated soil from ever being
placed in this landfill and prohibiting the ~tate from ever
placing another landfill in your county for any purpose. I
understand that Frank BallAnce will be preparing legislation
along these lines, and we will work with him on thi~ iasue.
6. 'l'he State Department of Commerce will make
special efforts to help Warren County att~act ind\l'tStry and
jobs. We will encourage businesses And industries to visit
the county and consider sites there for expAnaion.
The.e are the commitments I made on behalf of the
State of North C~~olina. It ia my responsibility to see
that they are carried out, and I tAke that responsibility
seriously.
(more)
...
Warren county Citizens
p4ge Three
October 20, 1982
,_
I know how controversial this matter hAs been,
Again, I respect your concerns. And r take them seriou~ly.
Your state government has A responsibility to you ~nd to all
the people who live along the roads where the PCB materiAl
wAs dumped, as well AS all the residents of North Carolina
who might have been affected had that materi~l spread and
entered the food chain. The state is convinced, on the
basis of the best scientific evidence that is Available to
us, that the landfill is safe and will remain safe in the
future .
But you and I have seen that scientists can disagree,
and their disagreements concern Ui, That is why I intend to
see that the State of North Carolina keeps its commitment t'o
yo~, your children and your grandchildren to continue to
press for detoxifioaton of the site, to closely monitor it
And to guarantee its safety for generations to come.
That is the pledge l maae to your representatives. in
my office last Friday, ana it i5 the pledge I make to you
I now.
My very bast personal reqards.
-
STATEMENT BY GOVERNOR JIM HUNT Thursday, September 23, 1982
News Conference
There has been a great deal of controversy over the PCB landfill
in Warren County, and I think everyone should keep some important
facts in mind.
The dumping occurred more than four years ago. Since then,
the state and the federal government have explored every alternative
for disposing of this material. The Environmental Protection Agency
has ruled out in-place treatment. This is the only alternative available
to the state.
We have looked at about 100 possible locations for a disposal
site. The site in Warren County is the only one that met all the
safety requirements and that could be obtained by the state. The
federal courts have thoroughly reviewed this matter.
All of us can understand the apprehensions people feel when
any landfill is placed in their community. But we can assure the
residents of Warren County that this landfill will be safe and will
present no danger to them or to their families, now or in the future,
and that no other material will be stored there in the future.
Obviously, this is an emotional iss~e. Our society is having
to learn to deal with hazardous waste issues, and it is tough.
It is unfortunate that we have had to station more than 70
Highway Patrolmen in Warren County t0 handle these protests. All of /' us would prefer to have those pat olmeu on our state's roads and highways.
But the responsibility of th~ State of North Carolina is to do
what is right and what protects t
live in Warren County as well as
where the material was dumped.
of our people --those who
live in the 13 other counties
The state will meet that resJ onsibility.
TO:
FROM:
RE:
DATE:
MEMORANDUM VIA FACSIMILE
SHARON ROGERS
NCDEHNR
PAULINE EWALD
ECO
DRAFT SAMPLE PLAN DATED JULY 8, 1994
JULY 12 , 1994
A review of the draft document reveals a standard approach and protocol with which
ECO fully concurs.
Two minor points include:
• Potential desirability of one of the sampling parties analyzing the landfill contents
forTCLP
• Just for the sake of ECO's planning - a rough estimate of the number of samples
you expect to collect for each area/media would be helpful -
All other concerns regarding logistics of actually working on the site have either been
covered in our previous conversations, or can be best handled by future phone
arrangements.
We are in the process of making a brief review of proposed protocols and
methodologies just to the extent necessary to allow us to assure the working group
that approved methods are in use.
I will expect to discuss and settle other administrative matters after receipt of
approval for the plan from the working group on the 19th.
JAMES B. HUNT JA .
GOVERNOR
Mr. Heman R. Clark
ST A TE OF NORTH CAROLINA
OFFICE OF THE GOVERNOR
RALEIGH 27603-8001
July 11, 1994
Parker, Poe, Adams & Bernstein
Post Office Box 389
Raleigh, North Carolina 27602-0389
Dear Heman:
• t
Thank you for your recent letter concerning the situation with the PCB
landfill in Warren County. I sincerely appreciate your offer to help with any
explanations to the General Assembly.
We are currently working with the Warren County PCB Landfill Working
Group, which is composed of state officials and concerned citizens, to get their
recommendations regarding testing, water removal, and detoxification. I hope
to have their recommendations within the next few months.
Thanks again for your concern and offer of assistance.
Sincerely,
James B. Hunt, Jr.
JBH:wlm
,.• ·---Jon4tha11 B. HQwes
Secret4ry "I Enl'ironment,
·Health,""" Natural Resources
...... -.....
PI\TE: lJ) /I~
Pl.EASE:
-.,._ Draft It reply for my signature And retum So me.
-.,._ f(eply, noting Jh, leU~r was referred to yo" t>y
m, (oopy lo ~retary'f Office).
__,._Draft, reply for Sh~ C.Ovemor'a sign4ture AAd
r,tumtom,.
__ R~ply, noting Jh, l~tS.:r wo1s teferfe(f to yo" by
GQv,mor HUil& (oopy to ~retary'a Office) _ FPr y PMr inloml41tion.
-Toth 4pproprio1k: .iction.
_ NoJt ~d tilt.
_ Not, 11\d retum to me.
_ Nott tfl41ff:f m, .-bout $his.
_ Yo"r c:ommenti and/ or A!<X>mmendations.
512 N. Salisbury Street Raleig-h 27604 [phone]
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CUHHE'.~F'UNDENCE HUUTIN(; !31-11:El ~ TO: LEGISUfl"IVE. COUNSEL -I..:; ATTN: BRAD WILSON ~"";-1-: ____ __ER.OtL ____ Ji.Q.Y.£.BJiOB Is OFFICE ---· ---I j ··<:'<:'lJE' ·t··1F(): c168 i::·• .. iu /I ''·1D1::·[I I . .I. ~1,.> . . I~ > i:;.I~ v, -f~I~ .. ·-_ I-~ RESPOND BY: 06/27/94 7! ... ~CASE NUMBER 332272 -DATE INITIATED: (·)6/09/</4 CLUSED: ' --·······-----------···-------·-,u~ME: CU:iHK HEMAN t'.l. ·" ADDHESS: 1::i{~H1< ER , POE, ADAMS .~, BERNSTEIN i:) .• o. BOX ~ms1 t_;-;: -·---· ··--'~.BJ-:-l;JL~l:!_ _______ NG 276(12 1-,, 1-t:: I I~' COUNTY: WAKE TELEPHONE: . REPENDED: R -RECE..IVED OFFICE OF THE SE-CRET,I\RY JUN 15 1994 ENV1Rp;uvlS.NT. Hu\Li:H ----··--'"S_ ----:i-;--s f 9 i.f ~I-· , ______ 1-:Q_l;_H'.WJJ: SEEKING HELP TO GET THE G.?l. JD APF~fUJPH1ATE H '.:iMhLL ,:.frlUUN·r OF"':MONfY TU. 1 • ~, DEHYDRATE TH£ P.l::~~LANDR-Il::L:.~1Nti44,ARREN~CO~l:Y· •. ,... , 20! 2 ,i ---·--·-·· ·---------·-··· ,22: r;; ___ SPECIAL PRIORTY -IMMEIHATE REPLY :,7 ___ ll_E;T_!.JRN (HJJ~_t:l:I_ED. Mi-lTEgJALS .... _ ~ ____ FOR YDLIR INFORMAT:CUN / COPY AND RETURN·· ~ ___ PHONE OR SEE ME AT YOUR CONVENIENCE 111 OTl_:I_ER -··--· ··--· . --------------·-. -•-·----· ---····---~81 .-1 [-;; PH EPA RE l~EPL Y SU IT ABLE FOR GOVl;HNOR ' S S :C GNA]J,J_BJ;;_ ANll _ _,_,_RE--·_.__.rt ..... JI_....U-J..,_ _____________ _ ~ "-:::-L_ ,~Cl<NOWLEDGE STATING GOVERNOR H£FERRl:::D. ~-RETURN LErrER AND COPY; OF CONSTlTUENTS Ll::TTl::R ~ ___ DRAFT REPLY SUITABLE FOR SECRETARY OR AGENCY. HEAU SIGNATURE AND RETURN . I 33! FURN lSH TH Is OFFICE w I TH I NFOJi.t1AL! OJL.f.Dfi:_R£.Se.oNS.E_I_O_lN..,..Q._wU ..... I,._,_R..,_,.Y~: --------------~ ___ IMMEDIATE REPLY BY PHONE -NO WR1·rTEN CORRESPONDENCE NECESSARY -RETURN FORM --------------------···---·--·---··· ---·· ---·. . j \i_ ~ ~ ~ ·!~----·-·-···_-·····---_· ------'---------: . ~ r ~ I____._,,-~ --. ----.. ----------~
---LAW OfflCt:S Of
PARKER, POE, ADAMS & BERNSTEIN
P.O. BOX 089
ONE EXCHANGE PLAZA
RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA 27602·0089
TELEPHONE 919·828·056-l FACSIMILE 919 ·tl:34·4564 CHARLOTTE OFFICE
HEMAN R. CLARK
2000 CHARLOTTE PLAZA
CHARLOTTE, NORTH CAROLINA 20244
TELEPHONE, 704-372·9000
FACSIMILE: 704·33••.a70G
RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK OFFICE
P.O. BOX 13039 June 6, 1994 RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK, N.C. 277011
TELEPHONE, 918·544·4500
f'ACSIMIL£: 818·1544-2788
liOUTHPARK OFFICE
4201 'i,ONGRESS ■T. au,n: 140
CHARLQrfE, NORTH CAROLINA 28209
Td£PHONE; 704·1550-8000
,-AC51Mll£: 704·1580·800,
The Honorable James B. Hunt
Governor
116 West Jones Street
Raleigh, NC 27603-8001
Dear Governor:
our P.C.B. landfill in Warren County won't go away.
FILE NUMBER
DIRECT DIAL
Now the 11protestors11 are saying we broke our promise to
"detoxify'' (which would be a shameful waste of lUUch tax money) .
I do think you should consider having the water pumped out of
the landfill. You remember we had several heavy down-pours of rain
fall just before putting the cap in place. There have been no
leaks but we can ft say there never will be. It may not be a
dangerous condition but it sounds bad.
For a relatively small appropriation, the dehydration can be
done. Bill Meyer the highly competent Chief of Solid Waste
Management Section, knows exactly what needs to be done. As long
as the water remains inside the liner, the protesters have a
logical basis to continue their expert agitation in the community.
They ar~ at it again, talling that far~ producto from the are~ are
unfit for human consumption.
If there is anyway I can help in explaining this need to the
General Assembly please let me know.
With warm regards and best wishes,
HRC:bps
-
LAW OFFICES OP PA.BR.EB, PoE, ADAMS & BERNSTEIN L.L.P. P.O. BOX 089 ONE EXCHANGE PLAZA RALEIGH, .NORTH CAROU.NA 27602-0089 L 1 ~ f_ !_; i: i \ ::.T u:.1·,_:[Yf.Jc;; .. :·s OFF /Cf 91: JUN -8 Ml I/: I 6 Go,,.-o.\.t':•)'s oFr.'CE _____ ._t". ,1 _I_ :. .:.·.!..~:.....i.: I I The Honorable James B. Hunt Governor 116 West Jones Street Raleigh, NC 27603-8001 .., ... ltlll : : " I ,: II (' " 1' 1' I Ii ;,111 •; i !li Ii ii Ii II:! llll I! i I iii: 1 .•.• -.:. ··.-_· ·: .• r ::.; ,. ; : tf .• !· I
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,,:fid W,
J/1. 12
To: Bill Myer, Director
Solid Waste Management
CC. Committee Members, Joint Warren County and State PCB Landfill Working Group
Debbie Crane, Director, Public Affairs
Dr. Ronald Levine, State Health Director
Dr. J. N. MacCormack, Director, Epidemiology Division
Dr. Sam N. Merritt, Director, Laboratory Services
Linda Rimer, Assistance Secretary Environmental Protection
From : Ken Ferruccio )(j
Subject: June 24th Letter Concerning Mr. Larry Green's Well
Date: July 9, 1994
Your June 24th letter to me inaccurately states what I said to the Joint Warren County
and State PCB Landfill Working Group at the June 21 , 1994 meeting. For the record,
I said that there are conflicting data concerning the Green well and that it therefore
ought to be tested. I said the testing of this well was of particular concern because
doctors have linked the kind of cancer that Alvin Green has to PCB poisoning. I did not
indicate that the well was contaminated. I indicated that there are conflicting data
concerning the question of contamination. I did not indicate that the level of
contamination exceeded water level standards, I indicated that there are conflicting
data concerning contamination in excess of water level standards. You should read
my memo to Dennis Retzlaff concerning prejudgments.
On June 28, Vicki Wesen of Emmanuel Episcopal Church called me in Columbus,
Ohio, and read me your letter. After hearing the content of the letter, I immediately
called you and explained the location of the well where the Greens presently reside,
the well in question. Immediately following our conversation, Deborah mailed a sketch
indicating the location of both wells, the location of the well at the Greens' present
residence as well as the location of the well at their former residence.
I'm informed that the Greens no longer use the well at their present residence, but
each week use several containers of water from another source. I have been in their
home and have seen for myself the many containers of water that they carry to their
home each week. Split samples from the wells would perhaps afford the Greens
some measure of certainty concerning the status of their situation.
Enclosed are copies for people mentioned in your memo for whom we do not
have addresses. Would you please see to it that they receive their enclosed
copies?
, f
To: Dennis W. Retzlaff, Warren County Health Director
CC. Jonathan Howes, Secretary
Department of Environm_ent, Heath and Natural Resources
. ..
V. Alfreda-Jordan Webb,
County Manager. -~
Members, Joint Warren County and State PCB Working Group
From: Ken Ferruccio Kr
Subject: Mr. Retzlaff's June 23rd Letter to Secretary Ho,wes
Date: July 8, 1994 ·
Thank you for submitting to me, to County Manager Alfreda-Jordan Webb, and to
members of the Joint Warren County and State PCB Working Group your recent
letter to Secretary Howes. I commend you for your open participation in the process.
It seems appropriate for the state to respond to the questions mentioned in your letter.
I wish only to evaluate your position that prejudgment implies a closed mind incapable
of making objective decisions involving several options.
The loglcal fallacy lies In the assumption that a prejudgment necessarily
Implies a closed mind. Your letter contains several prejudgments. Does It
therefore logically follow th.at because you have prejudged, you have a
closed mind? Of course not.
Concerning the relation between prejudgment and objective decision-
making, the Issue Is not the prejudgment, but the attitude of the mind
toward the prejudgment. If the mind regards the prejudgment as a hypothesis to
be tested and not as a reliable basis for action until the objective analysis has been
completed, the mind is understood to be open, even when the prejudgment is stated
as a belief, as in your letter to Secretary Howes, or as an intention, as in Bill Myer's
statement to Pauline Ewald that he had no intention of detoxifying the Warren County
site. To the extent that you and Bill are prepared to suspend your final judgments until
an objective analysis has been completed, you deserve the benefit of the doubt --
namely, that your minds are open and capable of entertaining several options.
If, on the other hand, the mind regards its prejudgment as an accurate description
of reality, or as self-evident, and as providing a reliable basis for action prior
to the completion of the objective analysis, the mind· would seem to have arrived
at some measure of closure.
For example, the regulatory and legal basis for constructing dangerous landfills
on intrinsically unsafe sites was based on EPA's prejudgment (hypothesis) that
engineering principles could transform unsafe sites into safe sites:
(I)
EPA Official Mat Strauss:
And it was our feeling that if you could design a landfill to
meet [ zerb percent discharge -nothing leaving the landfill],
then you do not need fifty feet, or twenty-five feet; you only need
sor:nethin'g ~like five feet [from woundwater].
Deborah Ferrucclo:
What are you going to do if something happens?
Strauss:
Well, there are several things you can do. You can dig up what's
there, or, no, what I'm tell ---well, it's designed not to leak.
(transcript of conversations between Warren County delegates
and EPA officials: Office ot· Toxic Substances, Washington,
D.C., February 5, 1979.)
So, on the basis of a prejudgment having a purely hypothetical status,
regulations governing sitings were enacted Into federal and state laws
authorizing the construction of landfills on Intrinsically Inadequate sites.
Although EPA finally ad!Tiitted in its Federal Reg ister of 1981 that all landfills will
eventually leak, and made a similar statement In the July 1982 Federal Register, it
was too late. What had:been intended as a scientific rationale for siting landfills in
intrinsically unsuitable ·places ( the prejudgment that unsafe sites could be
transformed Into safe sites by engineering principles) had been changed
by testing Into the final judgment that unsafe sites, Indeed, all sites,
would eventually be transformed Into sacrifice zones. In September of 1982,
two months after EPA's July statement that all landfills will eventually leak, Hunt used
force to site and was met with resistance because EPA's final judgment, based on
objective analysis of data, invalidated the prejudgment upon which the regulations
and laws governing sitings had been (and continue to be) predicated. Concerning the
siting decision, scientific criteria had yielded to political criteria, and political criteria to
force needed to implement siting regulations and laws based not on science, but on a
rationale for selective human sacrifice. Environmental rights had become civil rights.
The 1982 civil rights movement was, In essence, a demonstration against
basing crucial environmental regulations and laws governing siting on
an untested prejudgment that threatened then as now the existence of
targeted communities.
So, you see, Dennis, It Is not necessarily the prejudgment that closes the
mind that trips the wire that triggers the action that lorces the moment to
Its crisis; It can be a final judgment, or It can be treating an untested
(l)
prejudgment as though it were a final judgment based on testing.
Prejudgments and flnal j~dgments Inform negotlatlonal frameworks.
Some things are negotiable, and some things aren't. Some things ar,
open, and some things are closed. This Is true of the mutually-agreed-
upon framework wl,hln wttlch we are working. You should read the
framework, Dennis. You wllt find that although detoxification Is the
central consideration, and although we are helping Governor Hunt
fulfill his promise by helping the state push as hard as It can for
detoxification, the framework Is Informed by a suspension of judgment
concerning the nature of the flnal resolution. r :
To prejudge is to be human. If we were God, perhaps we could assume a mental
state of absolute neutrality concerning the minefield of conflicting interests and
emotionally-charged issues confronting us. However, because we are human,
prejudgment is inevitable. In research, ·a prejudgment is a hypothesis. Without
it, selection of data would be random and meaningless since the purpos~ of the
data is to test the hypothesis, and you -can't test what isn't there. We would do well to
keep in mind the point I make to my students when I teach them research : Do not
reach your final conclusion until you have completed your objective analysis.
In the Ideal world, the mind can suspend even final judgments
lndeflnlh!ly, regarding them as tentative at best, subject to reevaluation
as needed. But In the real world, suspension of final judgment must
finally end, and action begin after the completion of the objective
analysis. Some say It's courageous to act on convictions. Others, that It's
courageous to transform convictions Into hypotheses and to think about
them. ijut perhaps the most enlightening position Is that by Integrating
contemplation and action, one can change the whole configuration.
The unenviable task of this committee Is to establish an Interpersonally
agreed upon description of "reality" concerning the PCB situation with
some measure of accuracy and to resolve the crisis through consensus
within the mutually-agreed-upon framework. I believe that we can
achieve this goal by working together and by treating prejudgments as
tentative until the objective analysis has been completed. I have already
encouraged a multlpllclty of perspectives and so have Secretary Howes,
other state officials, and committee members. I have already publicly
stated my view that you bring an Important perspective to the committee
and that I am grateful for your participation. Thank you again for
contributing to the dialogue.
(3)
TO: Hanna Asefa
Bobby Lutfy
David Lown
Gray Stephens
John Neal
Pierre Lauffer (info only)
Larry Perry (info only)
FROM: Sharron Rogers
MEMO
July 5, 1994
SUBJECT: Meeting to review Draft Field Sampling Plan for Warren
County PCB Landfill
Reminder that we will meet Thursday, July 7, from 9 am to about 10:30 am
in large conference room to review progress on the draft field sampling plan
and our other related research efforts. Please let me know if you will be
unable to attend.
xc. Bill Meyer
t
State of North Carolina
Department of Environment,
Health and Natural Resources
Division of Solid Waste Management
James B. Hunt, Jr ., Governor
Jonathan B. Howes, Secretary
William L. Meyer, Director
June 28, 1994
TO: Linda Rimer
FROM: Bill Meye~
MEMO
SUBJECT: WARREN COUNTY PCB LANDFILL AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR
FEDERAL COOPERATION
In 1978, many gallons of PCB transformer oils were dumped along roadsides in 14
North Carolina counties. After detailed consideration of all alternatives for protecting the
state's citizens, the US EPA decided that the only available option was to landfill the
material. In 1983, these roadside PCB-contaminated soils were placed in a state-of-the-art
chemical landfill near the Afton community in Warren County. The clean up and
construction of the landfill was funded by CERCLA funds. The landfill is permitted by TSCA
rules. By state statute this landfill and a 25-mile radius are closed for any other hazardous
waste management purpose. Since 1983, DSWM has maintained and monitored the
landfill. The landfill is owned by the Div. of State Property in the Department of
Administration.
Upon return to office in 1993, Governor Hunt established the Joint Warren County
and State PCB Working Group. Under this group's direction, DSWM has established a
workplan that will result in an assessment of the current environmental conditions at the
landfill, including the first sample of the contents of the landfill since its closure more than
10 years ago.
The results of the field studies defined by this workplan (Field work will occur in late
July by the current schedule) will support the next goals of the Working Group: 1) plan for
the long-term maintenance of the landfill, including potential dewatering of excess water
trapped in the landfill, and 2) evaluate options for detoxification of the landfill's PCB
contents.
As part of the preliminary design of the Workplan, EPAs Athens Lab and GE's
Corporate environmental group were contacted because of their expertise on anaerobic
PCB-contaminated soils. Both have expressed considerable interest in our planned work and
have volunteered sample analysis and results interpretation. The contact at the EPA Lab in
Athens chairs the lnterlaboratory work group on PCBs for EPA ORD and has requested time
at their next meeting to share the results of our preliminary efforts. He anticipates EPA's
continuing research interest and potential funding for our investigations and potentially for
remediation activities. In addition to this source, other potential EPA funding opportunities
that can be explored include the SITE (Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation)
program and the Superfund TAG (Technology system grant) program. Other sources remain
to be identified.
Can EPA assist in determining other potential funding sources or in capturing
funding opportunities?
~ _' W fe I ~'?'(_
P.O. Box 27687, Raleigh, North Carolina 27611-7687 Telephone [phone] FAX [phone]
An Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer 50% recycled/ l 0% post-c onsumer paper
Dr. Daniel A. Abramowicz
Manager, Environmental Laboratory
General Electric Company
PO Box 8
Schenectady, NY 1 2301 -0008
Dear Dan:
June 27. 1994
There is no question that I felt like I had hooked in on a gold mine
when we talked on the phone. The materials you sent me about anaerobic
dechlorination of PCBs, together with the material that John Rogers provided
has confirmed this.
I waited to thank you in writing until our citizen's working group had a
opportunity to approve our draft workplan, so that I could provide you with a
copy. We are currently fleshing this out into a pre-mobilization plan for final
approval on July 19. Hopefully, very soon after that date we will be
sampling the PCB Landfill. We do, very much, wish to take you up on your
offer to analyze a sample and to assist us in interpretation of the
chromatograms. I will be in touch shortly to plan any necessary logistics.
Very truly yours,
Sharron Rogers
Enclosure
xc Bill Meyer
State of North Carolina
Department of Environment,
Health and Natural Resources
Division of Solid Waste Management
Jomes 8. Hunt, Jr., Governor
Jonathon 8. Howes, Secretory
William L. Meyer, Director
Dr. John Rogers
_,.,,.t:1/J -~-
NA
DEHNR
June 27. 1994
EPA Environmental Research Laboratory
960 College Station Road
Athens, GA 30605-2720
Dear John:
Thanks so much for the excellent insight into anaerobic dechlorination.
The materials you sent me, together with the literature that Dan Abramowicz
provided has certainly confirmed the need for our continued investigation.
I waited to thank you in writing until our citizen's working group had a
opportunity to approve our draft workplan, so that I could provide you with a
copy. We are currently fleshing this out into a pre-mobilization plan for their
final approval on July 1 9. Hopefully, very soon after that date we will be
sampling the PCB Landfill. We do, very much, wish to take you up on your
offer to analyze a sample. I will be in touch shortly to plan any necessary
logistics. EPAs interest in this project from both a research and a practical
remediation perspective is very important to us.
;pi?_~
Sharron Rogers
Enclosure
xc Bill Meyer
P.O. Box 27687, Raleigh. North Carolina 27611 -7687 Telephone [phone] FAX [phone]
An Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer 50% recycled/ 10% post-consumer paper
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June 23, 1994
Mr. Kenneth Ferruccio
Route 2 Box 1 63 J
Novina, NC 27563
Dear Mr. Ferruccio:
On June 21 , 1 994 at the meeting of the Joint Warren County and
State PCB Working Group you made a statement to the committee and to
the press of your anger that the state was taking no action regarding a
drinking water well in Warren County. You report that chemical
concentrations in the water sampled from this well exceed all drinking water
standards and are associated with a cancer case. Despite repeated requests,
you have been unwilling to divulge the name of the well owner or the street
or mailing address of this location.
The State Health Director with the cooperation of the Warren County
Health Department is prepared to respond within 24 hours to conduct a
chemical sampling and epidemiological and public health evaluation of this
case. We cannot activate this process if you are unwilling to divulge the
location or persons involved.
You should be aware that if this case exists your failure to provide this
critical information prevents the state from taking appropriate action to
protect the public health.
XC:
Ronald Levine, State Health Director
Respectfully,
William L. Meyer
Director
Dennis Retzlaff, Warren County Health Director
, . )I --'.,•• ... • •/ 9.nafh!Jn B. Howes Secretary of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources TI>. &....., . / ~-, RESPONDBY: C\ a,~ v DA TE: /_, -~ 7 -p PLEASE: REMA --"----1 Draft a reply for my signature and return to me. -----l Reply, noting the letter was referred to you by me (copy to Secretary's Office). ---+-Draft a reply for the Governor's signature and retumtome. --+-Reply, noting the letter was referred to you by Governor Hunt (copy to Secretary's Office) For your infonnation. ETake appropriate action. Note and file. . Note and return to me. __ Note and see me about. this. ___ Your comments and/or recomrne: 10 J),11 m~'&---~-~ ---30119 ...... ra-....c.' !!_CR~ ~ w-<.-!'l'e€-9 ~ ~'<--clo~ ~,!: <1, \\. L-1vl) s~~-\,5 512 N. Salisbury Street \f'IVo\u-tJ y-~ ~ b.JU. \-\e:;(;'11.-Raleigh 27604 [phone]
WARREN COUNTY HEALTH DEPARTMENT
544 WEST RIDGEWAY STREET
WARRENTON , NORTH CAROLINA 27589
June 23, 1994
Mr. Jonathan House, Secretary
North Carolina Department of Health
and Natural Resources
Post Office Box 27687
Raleigh, NC 27611-7687
Dear Secretary House,
TELEPHONE: [phone]
FAX #: [phone]
I write to express my deepening concern regarding the "Joint
Warren County and State PCB Landfill Working Group". It has been my
hope that the purpose of the "Group" would be to work with state
officials and an outside technical consultant to gather the best
information possible on the degree of health threat posed by the PCB
Landfill and assess the availability of reliable technology for
detoxification of the Landfill. Armed with that information the
"Group" could then make recommendations to the state for future
management of the Landfill. The decision to recommend detoxification
should be based on an assessment of the benefits to be derived from
such a procedure balanced with the economic costs and other risks
related to detoxification procedures.
The "Working Group" is dominated by individuals who have
demonstrated that their commitment is to seek detoxification. That
perspective is a valid one but it should be one of the perspectives
represented in this organization. I would request that you
personnally review the procedures which were used to determine the
membership of the "Working Group". Questions to be considered in such
a review could include the following:
1. What role was given to duly constituted bodies representing
the citizens of the County such as the Warren County Board of
Commissioners and Board of Health in the early formulation of
the members of the "Working Group"?
2. Were any guidelines developed to assure proper representation
of a variety of Warren County interests? If there were any
kind of guidelines used, were those ever put in written form?
3. Who from Warren County had significant input into the
selection of the members of the "Group"?
4. When was the first official, written list of the membership
of the "Working Group" made generally available? (I did not
see any written list until Mr. Bill Meyers distributed a
draft list last week).
. ,
. "
I •
Mr. Jonathan House
Page 2
I believe a review of the history of the development of this
"Group" will demonstrate that the organization was created without
sufficient input from local recognized leaders and is dominated by
individuals who have prejudged the situation. The "Working Group"
cannot, as presently constituted, do an unbiased assessment of the
relative risks of the Landfill and make balanced recommendations
regarding future management of the PCB Landfill. I would request your
office to work with the leadership of the "Group" to expand the
membership to include more members who have demonstrated concern for
environmental and health matters but have an open mind regarding the
various options available for the management of the PCB Landfill.
Warren County citizens face health risks from a great number of
sources and available resources should be allocated to those areas
where intervention can be shown to be most effective. There are a
number of environmental challenges facing the state and available
resources should be allocated to those problems demonstrated to pose
the greatest risks to our state. This "Working Group" will do a
disservice to the citizens of Warren County and the State of North
Carolina if it is allowed to pressure state officials into expenditure
of funds for detoxification or other procedures for management of the
Landfill which cannot be justified in terms of potential health
protection for the citizens of Warren County.
Thank you for your careful consideration of these concerns.
si~rel:;W ;?!'hi LA
De ~ Ret~~-f, fp"e'ctor
CC: Members, Joint Warren County and State
PCB Landfill Working Group
V. Alfreda Jordan-Webb, County Manager
State of North Carolina
Department of Environment,
Health and Natural Resources
Division of Solid Waste Management
James B. Hunt, Jr., Governor
Jonathan B. Howes, Secretary
William L. Meyer, Director
.NA
DEHNR
June 22, 1994
MEMORANDUM
TO: Bill Meyer
FROM: Brenda Rivers~
SUBJECT: PCB Landfill Contract
Revision 12-0365 budgeted $40,000 in Solid Waste Management
Division FY 93-94 lapsed salaries to fund approximately one-half of
the PCB landfill contract. According to legislation passed in
1994, contract funds in object 1990 cannot be carried forward to
subsequent fiscal years if they were funded from lapsed salaries.
Therefore, this $40,000 will revert on June 30, 1994. The current
contract will remain in place and the Division will rebudget funds
after July 1 from projected lapsed salaries to support this portion
of the contract.
The total contract amount is $82,950. It is our understanding
that the Department will identify the remaining $42,950 in FY 94/95
to support this contract.
P.O. Box 27687, Raleigh, North Carolina 27611-7687 Telephone [phone] FAX [phone]
An Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer 50% recycled/ 10% post-consumer paper
11/11/1992 22:18
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MEMO
WARREN CO FARM BUREA
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TO: MEMBERS OF JOINT WARREN COUNTY STATE PCB LANDFILL
WORKING GROUP
COPIES: Jarnea B. Hunt, Jr., Governor of North Caronna
Jonathan B. Howe1, Secretary, DEHNR
FROM: KEN FEARUCCIO
SUBJECT: COMMENTS BY PAULINE EWALD: SCIENCE ADVISER
DATE: JUNE 21, 1994
Pauline told me yesterday that she had not yet received the warren CouotY PCB
Landfill Wo[kplan for eavlrpomental Sampling. I therefore called Bill Myer who told me
that the draft had been mailed to Pauline at least a week ago. Nevertheless, Bill
agreed to fax the draft immediately.
Paufln••• Commenta: Spllt Samplet
rm not happy with the fact that a year ago I said, fine, let the state do the wor1<
that would have to be done, but let's have split samples (10% or 20 %) done by ECO.
And that was the understanding. But now they're trying to aVOid split samples. Are
these people [Division of Solid Waste] going to cooperate with us or not? It's a very
simple, a very rationaJ thing we have asked for. For example, for every 10 samples
they do. we split one and send It to another lab, preferably out of state. It's the best way
to ensure the validity of your data. We can't control the amount of conversation
going on between tho state and a lab. There has been manipulation of data because
of political sensitMty. It's a good idea scientifteally and from the standpoint of
public perception. The tab would be independent but EPA approved. This is a
standard thing.
Over a year ago I talked With Bill, and he agreed then to split samples. Now he seems
to be doing somersaults to avoid letting that be done. If he can't do a $2,500 split
sample or so for a scientific interpretation of the data, the commitment to detoxification
would seem dOubtful.
We have John Humphrey's views, but his views have not been brought hOme to
Bill Myer. These are the people [Bill and Sharron] that need to be brought In line.
PAGE Ell
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11/11/1992 22:18 19192571971 WARREN CO FARM BUREA PAGE 02 ,, ~.
Either these folks are going to cooperate or they are not. They haven't even sent me
the most recent draft of the proposal. 1 'm very unhappy about that.
Qufftlon: Speclflcally, what further points do you want me to ahare wHh
the committee tomonow?
(1) The channels of communication are going to have to be much better. I have no idea
what the report says, whether she [Sharron] made the changes I suggested. It could be
in Greek for all I know. I can't proceed until I have reViewed the draft I need to see the
final drafts at least when everyone else does, if not before. I cant assume the changes
are there.
(2) The state is setting up an adversarial process that I had hoped to avoid.
(3) The concern about budgetary restraints is not a valid excuse for not doing
split samples and for not having full oversight participation. We don1 want to
hear this any longer. It's a matter betWeen Bill and the budget offloe. We shouldn't
have to hear about this petty administrative stuff. And certainly it is not an excuse
for not being ablo to do what we need to do. It doesn't send a good message
concerning their intention to do what was promised. I told them that I will
not participate if ! find mysetf in a fraudulent situation.
Myer and Humphrey need to settle things. They need to ten us that there's not
enough money or that there's no problem. We need to know the bottom tine
one way or the other. Either there are funds or there are no fundS. Why design
good test plans that can't be funded? tf there are no funds, we need to find out
why the money that was promised is not there. Presently, it's a waste of ttme
and money tor alt of us to continue down this track. You have things being said
pubUcty that are contradieted privately. You have state officials contradieting each
other. All state Officials need to be on the same traek.
Bill and Sharron -a minimization of their Input is warranted tf they don't have
the will to carry this (process] through and if they continue to be obstructionists.
They have shown nothing but bad faith, and I don't understand why. They know
the PCBs are in there.
Question: Do you think they're wonled about dioxin?
Perhaps about dioxin and about whatever else might be in there.
Question: Sharron said she thought perhaps the dioxin count would be
low and that deto>dflcatlon would probably be mostly tor PCB8. Do you
agree?
What you have In there is very low.grade oil. usually very highly contaminated with
dioxin, especially considering the time period of its production. Dioxin is now believed
11 /11 /1992 22:18 19192571971 WARREN CO FARM BUREA PAGE 03
'~ '-
to be even more toxic than before -ten times more toxic than EPA said it was. It is
very dangerous to human chemistry at very low levels. It needs to be dealt with as
a separate contaminant. If they try to slide away from thiS, it's not going to help them.
AbOut PCBs, Sharron said she's talking With a scientiSt who Claims that sou
microorganisms can [neutralize?] buried PCBs if stored long enough. She says she's
got the data. We can't find the data. We did a literature search. we can't find the
research data in ~ to this.
I don't know what's going on here, but I don't like any of it. Things have got to change,
but not with ECO and the committee. The problems are originating with two people:
Sharron and Bill. They need to be taken into a room and tokt what the policy is and
stick to it. we don't need to play games with them any longer. We're wasting
time and money. It's an insult to our intelligence and not productive. If they
can't afford to do spltt samples and have them analyzed, they can't afford to detoxify.
Maybe we should stop this charade right now. They need to have a meeting and get
their plan straight.
You can't have two high-level offtcials [Bill and John] saying and doing the opposite.
One or the other of them is correct. We need to know which one. We shouldn't be
involVed in a power struggle within state government. We need to know what the
bottom line is so we can proceed. If the money's there, then we proceed scientifically. If
the money's not there, then we need to proceed politically and find out Why money
needed to futfill a promise isn't there. We need to know the bottom line so we can
know how to proceed.
Question: A statement concerning Governor Hunt's commitment to
detoxify the PCB landflll 11 being drafted and wlll be made avallable to
the news media, etc. Do you have any auggestlons on what thla letter
ahould state?
Make sure he reaffirms his commitment to detoxify and pledges firm financial backing,
but also pledges that his personnel resources will be in line with the policy; otherwise,
it will be an empty pn,mise. Someone should tell Bill to get in or get out. Subordinates
are supposed to be in line with the poticies. Bill serves, I assume, at the pleasure of the
Secretary of Natural Resources. The governor needs to pledge his personnel
resources in support of this policy. State officials need to go in a room and decide what
the policy is. We can't do what we're supposed to do until this internal administrative
situation Is Cleared up. John's position -that Bill just doesn't understand how the
money is to be available -isn't credible. That's the one thing Bill woutd clearly
understand. Let's get this split in policy settled so we can get on with the substantive
things we need to acc:omplish, things that will be important for the citizens of Warren
County, and for the state and nation.
(3)
U N ITED ST A TES EN VIRONMENT A L PROTECTION AGEN CY
REG ION I V
REF: 4WMD/NSRB
Deborah & Ken Ferruccio
Route 2, Box 163-J
Nolina, NC 27563
3 4 5 C O URTLAND STREET. N.E .
ATLANTA. GEORGIA 3036 5
June 16, 1994
Dear Mr. & Mrs. Ferruccio:
As discussed in our recent telephone conversation, enclosed is
information on the Base-Catalized Decomposition (BCD) process.
This process in conjunction with thermal desorption will be used
at the Koppers Superfund Site in Morrisville, North Carolina, and
the FCX, Inc. Superfund Site in Statesville. A "treatability
study" of this treatment process was conducted at the Koppers
site in September 1993. The results indicated that the process
would be effective in reducing and eliminating the contaminants
of concern which are pentachlorophenol (PCP), PCDD
(polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin) and PCDF (polychlorinated
dibenzo-furan). Also enclosed are excerpts from different
documents concerning the BCD process; as well as the Innovative
Treatment Technologies Annual Report concerning the various
technologies that have been used across the Nation.
Please feel free to contact me at any time for more information
on this or any other subject. Our toll-free number is 1-800-435-
9233 ext. 2073.
Enclosures
Sincerely,
A~~
Diane F. Barrett
Community Relations Specialist
North Superfund Remedial Branch
j " State of North Carolina
Department of Environment,
Health and Natural Resources
Division of Solid Waste Management
James B. Hunt, Jr., Governor
Jonathan B. Howes. Secretary
William L. Meyer. Director
13 June 1994
MEMORANDUM:
To: Bill Meyer, Director e~,14\Y ~
Division of Solid Waste Mahagement
Through:
From:
Mike Kelly, Deputy Director
Division of Solid Waste Management
Charlotte Jesneck, Head
Inactive Hazardous Sites Branch
Tom Power /fJ_
Inactive Hazardous Sites Branch
Re: Division Policy for PCB Cleanup Levels
l!lldWaste
.fflll 13 1S
This memo outlines our understanding of the Division's policy for establishing
cleanup levels at sites with PCB contamination.
Soils
Based on a 1 x lOE-6 excess cancer risk, the Branch has calculated a target cleanup
level of 200 ppb. In order to be more consistent with EPA guidance on PCB cleanup levels
at Superfund sites, the Division has established a soil cleanup level of 1 ppm. One ppm
PCB's in soils (with no other carcinogens present) represents a lifetime excess cancer risk
of 5 x lOE-6. It is our understanding that the Division considers this risk level to be
protective and consistent with the Branch's 1 x lOE-6 standard.
The 1 ppm standard applies only to sites where no other carcinogenic compounds are
present in site soils. For sites containing other carcinogens in soils, the Branch will establish
PCB cleanup levels based on site-specific risk assessments.
P.O. Box 27687, Raleigh, North Carolina 27611-7687 Telephone [phone] FAX [phone]
An Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer 50'£ recycled/ 10% post-consumer paper
Bill Meyer
Mike Kelly
13 June 1994
Page two
For sites where remediation of soils down to 1 ppm is not technically or economically
feasible, higher residual concentrations of PCB's may remain in site soils provided that the
Responsible Party can demonstrate to the Branch's satisfaction that future land use has been
restricted. In order to be acceptable, any land-use restrictions must be perm!nent and
legally enforceable by the State. Since the Branch does not have the resources to research
this issue and develop the specific legal mechanism for restricting future land use, that
burden rests with the Responsible Party.
Groundwater
Based on a 1 x l0E-6 excess cancer risk, the Branch has calculated a target cleanup
level of 0.00043 ppb. This level is several orders of magnitude below the current range of
practical quantitation limits (0.5 to 1.0 ppb). Therefore, the Division's cleanup level for
PCB's in groundwater has been set at the lower practical quantitation limit of 0.5 ppb. This
is consistent with EPA guidance on PCB cleanup levels at Superfund sites, and with EPA's
Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) of 0.5 ppb.
This policy may have to be revised depending on the recommendations of the
Department's "how clean is clean" committee, and depending on the outcome of CERCLA
reauthorization.
Please let me know if you have any questions or comments.
To : John Humphrey .
From: Ken Ferruccio /<.::/
Subject: PCB Detoxification Credibility Question
Copies·: Committee Members:-·state/Citizens Warren County PCB Landfill Working
Group
Date: June 9, 1994 1 .
The State Will push as hard as it can for detoxification of
the landfill when and if the appropriate and feasible
technology ls developed.
r Governor James 8. Hunt Jr.
The Warren Record, 1982.
I want to respond to several points you made during today's conversation.
I think you mentioned your having put yourself on the line for Warren County
and that things would not be going forward as they have been had you not
convinced the governor's office that the Warren County situation is very important.
John, I have indicated on several occasions that you did an excellent job.
I think you fully understood the confrontational elements and that the only way to
remove them was for the state t,o work within the proposed framework . To the extent
that you needed to convince the state that it would be in its interest to resolve
the crisis within the framework is the extent to which you must have felt yourself stating
the obvious.
The rationale that informed the framework made it clear that the nature of the
resolution to the crisis would have far-reaching implications and that our plan was
clearly consistent with the principles of waste reduction and justice, while the state's
was not. Clearly, the state had a choice: it could resolve the crisis within a mutually-
agreed-upon framework informed by principles that would win wide public support, or
it could use force to implement its own plan. Not to put too fine a point on it is to repeat
what I said to Martha Waggoner of the Associated Press in my memorandum to her
of June 14, 1993 when she asked why the PCB crisis had not blown up in Hunt's face.
Given the history, such an explosion would have been a reasonable expectation. But
as I said to Waggoner, " Presently, the only thing standing in the way of a
civil rights movement is a mutually-agreed-upon 5-point framework to
resolve the PCB crisis. If the state abandons its commitment to working
within this framework, a clvll rights movement Is inevitable."
I might add, John, that to dismiss the framework would be to undermine the credibility
of Governor Hunt, the credibility of Secretary Howes, and your own credibility. We
would also risk losing the control of events because of inevitable resistance.
f
~
You said that nobody except a few civil rights and environmental groups cares about
the Warren County situation. On the surface, this sounds like a descriptive statement
that matches "reality." However, you and I know it's a statement having purely
hypothetical status. It is, in fact, very much like the hypothesis that prevailed between
1978 and 1982 ---nar;nely, th9t opposition in Warren County was insignificant, the
expression of a "vocal minority." .Needless to say, Hunt tested this hypothesis in 1982,
and the demonstrations punched many holes in it.
I'm informed that a computer never repeats a losing sequence. If Hunt tests
the "vocal minority" hypothesis once again, he will at least demonstrate the r · superiority of artificial intelligence over his own. He will also find it necessary to
support me and X number of others at public expense. Given my service to
Warren and the state over the years on this issue, it does seem only right that the state
afford me comfortable accommodations. John, it seems to me to be an indisputable ·
fact that when Hunt prevails, it's just about impossible to stay out of jail.
So what we are talking about fundamentally is the fulfillment of a promise to a poor
and predominantly black community that just happens to be the birthplace of
environmental civil rights, the birthplace of what has become known as the
environmental justice movement, and the symbol of discriminatory and segregational
siting patterns. This is the community stripped of its 13th and 14th amendment rights in
1982 by Hunt's use of force. Only detoxification will restore these rights along with
the ecological integrity these rig,hts were meant to protect. How much these rights
are worth to Hunt remains to be seen. Given the history, probably not very much. But
other people do care, perhaps many more than you and I can imagine. Those who
understand that the siting policies presuppose a contempt for their rights and lives may
reasonably be expected to support our efforts. Those who understand that what Hunt
did here represents regional and national trends detrimental to the continued
existence of poor black and other minority communities of the South and of the nation
(and, ultimately, to the continued existence of all of us) may reasonably be expected to
demonstrate some expression of concern.
I would seriously reassess the hypothesis that just a handful of environmentalists, civil
rights and church people care about the situation here. If the state truly believed that,
it would not be bothering to work through negotiations ; it would be attempting to
resolve the problem through force. But force would be useless because we live here
and have the rest of our lives to resist it. To test or not to test. That is the question. But
before we test the "vocal minority" hypothesis, we should consider that we are involved
here with complex and multifaceted issues that cannot be abstracted from historical,
symbolic, and potentially explosive elements. After having put everything in
perspective, we should remind ourselves that the PCB / dioxin? landfill is in a state of
crisis, that by the state's own admission, continued pressure on the bottom liner could
cause it to breach, and that we should therefore be accelerating detoxification
procedures. However, the intention of the state seems to be to slow the process down.
(2)
The only reason the state is presently considering detoxification of the
PCB landfill is because of Governor Hunt's 1982 promise in a public
letter to the people of Warren County. It would therefore be very
conducive to the credlbiltfy of the Hunt administration on this Issue If
Hunt were to publicly reaffirm his commitment to detoxifying the Warren
County site with a~suran9es that the funds will be available through the
recently announced surphJs.~of funds, or through other means.
I do believe that without such a statement from the governor, the attempt to resolve
the PCB crisis through the work of the committee will fail. As one committee member
recently put it "You folks are getting screwed." Another, _member: i, They want to drag
this out until Hunt's out of office. That's all they're worried about." And yet another
member: " If the message came from the top ('Yes, I'm committed to detoxifying the
Warren County site, and yes, the funds will be available.') then we wouldn't have to
worry about Bill having to guess about where the money's coming from ." . '
Finally, John, if you were the independent science advisor, what conclusions, if any,
would you draw from the following statements?
Pauline: The very first thing he [Bill] said to me: You 've got to go easy on me. Please
don't use too much of your staff. Please don't bill me too much on this
project. It's a bad situation in regard to the budget and in carrying on the
work of the committee. We have no money to carry on the work the
committee wants us tq-do .
and later [Bill is speaking to Pa:uline]: Too expensive: there is no way we can afford to
grab split samples and send them off for full-scan analysis at a private lab.
Pauline to Ken: This [taking split samples] is a very common control procedure. EPA
will do it internally in matters of litigation. It's a very normal, a very
common practice to follow when you want to make sure you have
good data. It's the best way to ensure the validity of your data.
Bill to Pauline: The one billion dollar surplus will be all gone and diwied up by
June 28th. No money has been asked for the iandfill or for
detoxification. It will all go in other health and human seNices
projects.
Bill also stated to Pauline that he had no intention of recommending detoxification.
I hope, John, you will understand why there Is a credibility problem that
simply cannot continue without having serious implications. Surely, John,
if you and Bill and other state officials are truly committed to detoxifying
the Warren County PCB landfill, then regardless of whether you ask
EPA for the money, you should be requesting money to detoxify the PCB
landfill from the state surplus as well. If later, EPA were to appropriate
(3)
funds for detoxification, then the state could Jeturn the money it had
received from the surplus.Hunt needs to convince the public that he's
committed to detoxification and that he's committed to getting the funds
necessary for detoxiflcatfon.
) .
(4)
17
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State of North Carolina
Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources
512 North Salisbury Street • Raleigh, North Carolina 27604
Division of Solid Waste Management
James B. Hunt, Jr., Governor Telephone [phone] Jonathan B. Howes, Secretary
Dear Resident:
Several families with ground water supply wells near the PCB landfill have requested their wells to be tested
for PCB. In response to this request the county Health Department and the Department of Environment,
Health, and Natural Resources would like to schedule a date and time to sample your wells.
Every year since the PCB landfill was closed ground water and streams around the landfill have been tested
for PCB. Eighty four groundwater samples and 92 stream samples have been analyzed and no PCBs have been
found. Fifty-five residential wells within a three mile radius of the landfill have been previously sampled and
no PCBs were detected. The retesting of your well will provide a continuing measure of the safety of the PCB
landfill. This additional sampling effort will reaffirm the commitment by the County and State to provide you
with assurance that your drinking water is safe.
Please contact the Health Department at 257-1185 for a date and time that you would like for your well to be
tested. The Environmental Science Laboratory in the Department of Environment, Health, and Natural
Resources will analyze the samples for PCB and report the results directly to you and the Health Department
in approximately four weeks. If you have any questions or concerns please contact Mr. Dennis Retslaff, Warren
County Health Director or Mr. Bill Meyer, Director of Solid Waste Management at
[phone].
We look forward to providing this service to you.
DR:fja
Sincerely,
Dennis Retzlaff, Health Director
Warren County
P.O. Box 27687, Raleigh, North Carolina 27611-7687 Telephone [phone] Fax# [phone]
An Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer
@ SOll, rocydod/lO'llo pooi-<XINlllMI' paper
" State of North Carolina
D~pari'ment of Environment,
Health and Natural Resources
Division of Solid Waste Management
James B. Hunt, Jr., Governor
Jonathan B. Howes, Secretary
William L. Meyer, Director
MEMO
.AVA
DEHNR
TO : Members of Joint warren county and State PCB Landfill working
Group
FROM: Bill Meyer &it!Jl"t,r}
DATE: June 8, 1994
suBJECT: Draft workplan delivery, announcement of
plan for next meeting, and membership list
T R A N S M I T W O R K P LA N --A copy of a DRAFT workplan for
the environmental sampling for the warren county PCB Landfill is
enclosed for your review. Please read this draft and prepare
comments prior to the next meeting of the working Group. This
review should be the main agenda item for the meeting.
M E E T I N G N O T I C E --At the request of the Committee Chair,
it is proposed that the working Group meet on Thursday, June 23 at
2:30 pm in the Episcopal Church in Warrenton. A formal notice of
this meeting will be mailed closer to the meeting time.
M E M B E R S H I P L I ST --A draft membership list of the
working group and known designees is attached. Please review this
list to see if your entry is correct. Please let me know if you wish
changes. we will have a formal list prepared for the June 23
meeting.
P.O. Box 27687, Raleigh, North Carolina 27611-7687 Telephone [phone] FAX [phone]
An Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer 50% recycled/ l 0% post-consumer paper
DRAFT
June 7, 1994
Prepared for the
Joint Warren County and State PCB Landfill Working Group
Prepared by
North Carolina Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources
Division of Solid Waste Management
DRAFT
Warren County PCB Landfill
Workplan for Environmental Sampling
PURPOSE
SAMPLING PLAN
Landfi 11 Content Samples
Landfi 11 Leachate Samples
Groundwater Samples
Surface Water Samples
June 7, 1994
OUTLINE
Other Landfill-Area Environmental Surveillance Samples
Liner Leak Detection Samples
Landfill Surface Soil Samples
Carbon and Sand Filter Samples
Sedimentation Basin Substrate Samples
CHEMICAL TESTING PLAN
Organic Chemical Analysis
PCB Analysis
Dioxin Analysis
EPA Appendix IX Analysis
Physical Tests of Soils
QUALITY ASSURANCE PLAN
OVERSIGHT
SITE HEALTH AND SAFETY PLAN
2
DRAFT
Warren County PCB Landfill
Workplan for Environmental Sampling
June 7, 1994
The Joint Warren County and State PCB Landfill Working Group has requested that
the Division of Solid Waste Management prepare a Draft Workplan for sampling and
analysis of key environmental samples. The development of the Workplan have been done
with review by the committee's oversight consultant.
PURPOSE
The purpose of the study described in this Draft Workplan is to evaluate the current
chemical and physical status of the Warren County PCB Landfill, its contents, and
environmental conditions within the landfill.
SAMPLING PLAN
Landfill Content Samples
A representative sample of the contents of the landfill will be taken . The sample
will be obtained through the 4-inch PVC air/gas vent pipe that was installed in the center of
the landfill. By using this vent as an access point to take the sample, the liners and caps that
protect the landfill will not be disturbed. A drawing of the gas vent is enclosed. The U-
shaped cap on the air vent will be removed to allow access through the air vent to the
landfill contents. When sampling is complete, the U-shaped cap will be replaced.
Samples will be taken by a hydraulic-powered sampler mounted on an 4-wheel ATV
or by hand auger. These methods of collecting the samples will prevent the need for large
vans or drilling trucks to be on top of the landfill. Approximately 4.5 pounds of the
contents of the landfill (PCB-contaminated soil) will be removed for detailed chemical and
physical testing. These samples will be collected, preserved, transported and analyzed by
approved methods described in the next section of the workplan .
Landfill Leachate Samples
The original design of the landfill included a piping system inside the landfill liner at
the bottom of the PCB-contaminated soils that are in the landfill. Water that has separated
from those original materials and water that fell into the landfill while it was under
construction has flowed into this pipes. Samples of this leachate water will be taken and
analyzed by methods similar to those for landfill's solid soil samples. This Leachate
Collection System was originally designed for future sampling and no unusual techniques
are required beyond normal sampling safety precautions. A drawing of the leachate
collection system is enclosed.
3
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Collection System was originally design for future sampling and no unusual techniques are
required beyond normal sampling safety precautions. A drawing of the leachate collection
system is enclosed.
Groundwater Samples
When the landfill was constructed, four groundwater monitoring wells were
installed around the landfill, so that samples of groundwater could be taken frequently.
Samples of groundwater have been collected and analyzed for PCBs throughout the lifetime
of the landfill. During this sampling event, the state proposes to take groundwater samples
for chemical analysis. In addition, the depth to the surface of the groundwater will be
measured. This measurement will allow us to know in which direction the groundwater is
flowing in the area under and around the landfill.
Surface Water Samples
Two stream flow near the landfill site. Richneck Creek passes several hundred yards
to the north. An unnamed tributary of Fishing Creek passes several hundred yards to the
south. The state has one permanent sampling site upstream and one downstream of the
landfill in each creek, for a total of four permanent surface water sampling locations.
During this sampling effort, samples will be taken of the water and sediments in each of the
four locations and chemical analyses will be performed.
Other Landfill-Area Environmental Surveillance Samples
Other areas on or adjacent to the landfill will be sampled to evaluate the integrity of
the landfill. Areas where environmental samples will be taken and analyzed for appropriate
chemicals include:
1. Liner Leak Detection Samples -One-inch diameter holes will be punched in the
surface cover soils to provide access to the area above the plastic liner covering the
landfill. Gas present at this interface will be analyzed by portable infrared
spectrophotometer or detection tubes for presence of methane or carbon dioxide
gas. Measurements that register above natural background levels could indicate the
present of escaped gas from within the tents of the landfill. Lower measurements
could indicate the liner and vent system was working as designed. Samples will be
taken based upon a random grid system to an adequate number for a statistically
significant result. No widely accepted method is available for this portion of the
study and results may or may not be scientifically valid. This method is proposed as
the best available existing technique for evaluating some aspects of the liner's
integrity.
2. Landfill Surface Soil Samples -Soil samples taken from the liner leak detection
testing outlined above can be preserved for PCB analysis. Samples analyzed will
be limited to those near or around the air vent and near the bottom of the slopes of
the landfill or in other locations deemed of interest during the actual field event,
with the advice and consent of the Committee's contractor.
4
3. Carbon and Sand Filter Samples - A diagram of the carbon and sand filter
stuctures is enclosed. Representative samples wi 11 be taken of filter material from
these structures for comprehensive organic analysis, including PCBs and dioxins.
4. Sedimentation Basin Substrate Samples -Multiple soil samples will be collected
and composited to a depth of 12 inches from the bottom of the sedimentation basin.
Comprehensive organic chemical analyses will be made.
CHEMICAL TESTING PLAN
Modern chemistry laboratories can measure very, very small amounts of the
chemicals we must know about at the Warren County PCB landfill. These measures may be
as small as one part of a chemical to one trillion parts of other materials. These very
sophisticated chemistry tests are done only in laboratories that are approved (Accredited)
for such tests. All chemical tests to be done on these soil and water samples will be done in
accredited laboratories operated by the state or by private companies.
All samples collected will be tested to see how much and what kind of PCBs they
may contain. Other special chemical and physical tests will be done for many of the soil
or water samples An outline of each type of chemical test that will be conducted on the
appropriate soil and water samples collected during the sampling effort are listed below,
Quality assurance goals, plans and procedures are presented below. These quality
assurance procedures will be strictly adhered to during the sampling and chemical analysis
portions of this workplan effort.
Organic Chemical Analysis
PCB Analysis
.Identification and quantification of PCBs is done by standard EPA Method 8081 .
Method 8081 is a component part of the EPA Appendix IX profile. In addition, a sample of
the landfill contents will be analyzed by mass spectroscopy to confirm the identification of
any breakdown products of PCBs (i.e., congener profile). This additional method is a
research tool to look at the landfill's internal environment to see what has happened to the
PCBs during the 11 years since the landfill was closed.
Dioxin Analysis
Analysis of samples of soil and/or water for dioxins and furans will be conducted by
EPA Method 8290. This method is the most comprehensive test method for dioxins and
furans. Method 8290 will measure the amount of all mono-through octa-isomers of dioxin
and furan, plus provide data on the total dioxins and total furans present. This method is
state-of-the-art and is sensitive to the part-per-trillion range. Only one commercial
laboratory in North Carolina is accredited to perform this method -Triangle Laboratories of
RTP, Inc. 801 Capitola Drive, Durham, NC 27713. The state will contract with this
5
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laboratory to perform the required dioxin and furan analyses from samples from the Warren
County Landfill.
EPA Appendix IX Analysis
An EPA Appendix IX analysis will be approximated by analysis of samples which
may contain either the landfill contents or have been contaminated by these materials since
the landfill was built. Specific chemical types to be tested and the appropriate EPA test
number are:
Chemical type EPA Test method
Volatiles
Semivolatiles
Organochlorine Pesticides
Herbicides
8240
8270
8081
8081
Organophosphate Pesticides 8141
lnorganics, including metals various
Physical Tests of Soils
The soil sample collected from the contents of the landfill will be rigorously
analyzed for physical and standard soils tests methods by key state laboratories.
Specifically, approximately 3 pounds of soil will be delivered under chain-of-custody to the
North Carolina Department of Transportations Soils Lab for analysis by their "Quality Test"
methods. Tests included in this group are:
o Plasticity Index
o Liquid Limit
o Sieve Analysis
o Moisture Content
o Organic Content
o Permeability
As a companion to the Department of Transportation's analysis, approximately one
pound of soil from the composite sample of the landfill's contents will be delivered under
shain-of-custody to the North Carolina Department of Agriculture Agronomic Division's
Soils Lab for evaluation by the "Standard Soil Test". Measures included in this test are:
o pH (measure of acid/base balance in the soil)
o Weight per Unit Volume
o Percent(%) Humic matter (Measure of decomposed organic matter in soil)
o Cation Exchange Capacity
o Soil Nutrient Analysis (Calcium, Sulfur, Phosphorus, Potassium,
Magnesium content)
The results of these two soil test groups on the landfill content sample will assist the
committee and the state in designing or reviewing any future treatment or management
options for the landfill contents.
6
QUALITY ASSURANCE PLAN
All samples collected as part of this project will be maintained under Chain-of-
custody procedures approved by EPA. These procedures specify labeling, recordkeeping,
and transportation requirements. Chain-of-custody prevents interference with the samples
from the time they are taken until they are analyzed in the laboratory. In addition, the
detail recordkeeping is valuable in maintaining precision in sample management and
administration of the project through the final report.
A number of quality assurance strategies will be used during these investigations of
the Warren County PCB Landfill. Beyond chain-of-custody in sample handling, samples
collected from the landfill contents will be sent for additional laboratories for independent
analysis. The EPA laboratory at Athens, Georgia which specializes in PCBs has agreed to
analyze a sample. Likewise, GE's Environmental Remediation Group in Schenectady, NY
has agreed to participate in the analysis. These independent chemical analysis and
interpretation by these expert laboratories can provide confidence in the quality of the
process to Warren County citizens.
In cooperation with the analytical laboratories involved in this project, trip blanks
and laboratory blanks will be used. "Blanks" are dummy samples made up to look exactly
like real samples from the field, but are material of known content. Once analyzed in the
laboratory without the chemists knowledge, blanks can provide much information about the
entire analytical process. Blanks provide much confidence in or point out errors in the
results of the sampling process. Blanks can do several things, but typically are used to
prove that no sample has received contamination from any source other than that being
sampled (trip blanks), or to prove that the laboratory can actually distinguish between a
clean and a contaminated sample (field blanks).
In addition, all laboratories used in the project for chemical organic analysis
participate in EPA -monitored "round robin" quality verification programs, where identical
samples of known chemical content are sent to all laboratories for analysis and blind
reporting for comparison of findings. This program requires the participating laboratories to
have rigorous in-house Quality Assurance protocols, including laboratory blanks and spiked
samples to prove the quality of their analytical results.
OVERSIGHT
In conjunction with the Committee, plans and procedures for the sampling period
will be developed. These plans will include opportunities for community observation of
activities through direct observation and film documentation. This section will be written
following the Committee's review of the Draft Workplan.
7
SITE HEALTH AND SAFETY PLAN
A. General Information
Site Name Warren County PCB Landfill O & M ID# NCO 980 602 163
Location lust off SR 1604, Warren County, NC
Proposed Date of Investigation luly 1994
Date of Briefing luly ,1994
Date of Debriefing luly 1994
Health Department Official Contacted
Date of Contact luly , 1994
Site Investigation Team: All site personnel have read the Site Health and Safety Plan
and are familiar with its provisions.
Personnel Responsibi Ii ties Signature
Plan Preparation:
Prepared By:
Reviewed By: --------------
B. SITE/ WASTE CHARACTERISTICS
Waste Type(s) _X_Liquid _X_ Solid __ Sludge __ Gas
Characteristics __ Corrosive __ Ignitable __ Radioactive
Volatile _X_Toxic Reactive Other
List Known or Suspected Hazards (physical, chemical biological or radioactive)
on Site and their toxicological effects. Also, if known, list chemical amounts
HAZARD
PCBs
WARNING PROPERTIES
Odor Threshold ,on -no data
(mild hydrocarbon odorl
TLV
O,SmglmJ.
Facility Description: Size: Total -142 acres
Landfill -2.54 acres
Buildings: IlQile
Unusual Features on Site (dike integrity, power lines, terrain, etc.): none known
History of the Site:
Between June, 1978 and August, 1978, over 30,000 gallons of industrial liquid waste material identified as
PCBs (Arochlor 1260 and Arochlor 1262) were discharged deliberately along the shoulders of approzximatley
150 miles of NC highways. In June, 1979, EPA approved a tract of land (previously used for agriculture) in
Warren County as the disposal site for the PCB-contaminated roadside soil. The landfill (constructed in 1983-
1984 and permitted under the Toxic Substances Control Act -TSCA) contains about 40,000 cubic yards of soil
contaminated with PCBs. The concentration of PCBs in the landfill ranges from 46 to 200 ppm, averaging
about 135 ppm.
C. HAZARD EVALUATION
The site can be toured in level D protection.
Steel-toed safety shoes and chemical protection overboots shall be worn by all staff involved in sampling
activities. lnvididuals touring or observing the site shall wear substantial laceup shoes with chemical protective
overboots. Long sleeve pants and shirts are required.
D. WORK PLAN INSTRUCTION
Map or Sketch Attached? ¥eS
Perimeter Identified? ¥eS
Command Post Identified? .D.Q
Zones of Contamination Identified? ¥e,S
Personal Protective Equipment/Level of Protection: ____ C __ X_D
Modifications: The site can be toured and sampled in level D protection, Steel-toed work boots will be worn
while sampling, PE or PVC gloves will be worn while collecting water or soil samples. The HNU or OYA will
be used to monitor breathing zone air while soil augering and sampling of soils. Tyyek suits will be worn while
augering. It is recommended that no observers be allowed within lo meters of the sampling sites. Level D
personnel protective equipment including chemical protective boots will be required of all observers.
Observers are to be accompanied at all times by a person properly trained by 29 CFR 1910.120 to 40-hr
standards.
Surveillance Equipment:
HNU ----Detector Tubes and Pumps ----
OVA 02 Meter --------
Combustable Gas Meter Radiation Monitor --------
Decontamination Procedures
___ Level C Respirator wash, respirator removal, suit wash (if needed),
suit removal, boot wash, boot removal and glove removal.
_X __ Level D Boot wash and rinse and boot removal, suit removal, glove
and goggle removal.
Modifications ----------------------------
EMERGENCY PRECAUTIONS
Route of Exposure E irst Aid
~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . irrigate immediately
Skin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . soap and water wash
Inhalation
Ingestion
fresh air and artificial respiration
get medical attention immediately
Location of Nearest Phone: unknown
Nearest Hospital (Address and Phone Number)
Marja Parham Hospital Ruin Creek Road at 1:85, Henderson NC 27536
can handle chemically contaminated patients
Emergency Transportation Systems (Phone Numbers)
Fire ill
EMS ill
Rescue Squad ill
Emergency Route to Hospital Travel west on SR 1604. then turn left onto SR 1125, lust past Cokesbury,
turn right onto SR 151 o, then left onto SR 1001, Stay on SR 1001 until just outs ide of Henderson, then turn
right onto SR 1508, which will lead you to 1-85, Take 1:85 South to the Ru in Creek Road exit, the hospital is
well marked,
EQUIPMENT CHECKLIST
__ Air purifying respirator
__ Cartridges for respirator
Dust Mask -
_X_O2 Indicator
_X_Eye Wash Unit
X HNU
X OVA
X Combustable Gas Meter
_. _Radiation Monitor
__ Detector Tubes and Pump
_X_ First Aid Kit
_X._3 gal. Distilled H20
Rainsu it
_ X _Gloves (PE/PVC/n itri le/cloth)
_X_ Boots/Boot Covers
_X_ Coveral Is (tyvek/saranex)
_X_ Eye Protection
_X_Hard Hat
_X_ Decontamination
Materials.
Chemical Emergency Information Centers
ASHEVILLE
704-255-4490
CHARLOTTE
704-379-5827
DURHAM
1-800-672-1697
GREENSBORO
919-379-4105
Poison Control Center -State Coordinator
Duke University Medical Center
Telephone: [phone]
P.O. Box 3024
Durham, NC 27710
Western NC Poison HENDERSONVILLE
Control Center 704-693-6522
Memorial Mission Hosp. Ext. 555,556
509 Biltmore Ave. 28801
Mercy Hospital HICKORY
2001 Vail Ave, 28207 704-322-6649
Duke Univ. Med. Center JACKSONVILLE
Box 3007, 27710 919-577-2555
Moses Cone Hospital WILMINGTON
1200 N. Elm St. 27420 919-343-7046
Margaret R. Pardee
Memorial Hospital
Fleming St., 28739
Catawba Mem. Hosp.
Fairgrove Chur. Rd 28601
Onslow Mem. Hospital
Western Blvd. 28540
New Hanover Mem. Hospital
2131 S. 17th St. 28401
PROJECT MANAGERS PROJECT ACTIVITY REPORT
PROJECT MANAGER: _____ _ PROJECT: ___________ _
INVESTIGATION DATE: _____ _
Materials Used (Please insert a number in the blank)
Air Purifying respirator cartridges
--Detector tubes == Eye Wash Units
First Aid Kit == Gloves (polyethylene)
Gloves(PVO
Respirator Worn By
Gloves (nitrile)
Gloves (cloth)
Boot covers
__ Coveralls (tyvek)
Coveralls (saranex)
__ Auger Brushes
Approximate Time in Respirator
Air Monitoring Data (Include Calibration Reading)
HNU: __________________________ _
OVA: __________________________ _
Combustable Gas Meter: --------------------
Radiation Meter: -----------------------
If the maximum personal protective equipment as outlined in the Hazard
Evaluation Section was not used, please justify:
Visitors Present Organization Represented
DI/SR/Revised 5-94
JOINT WARREN COUNTY AND STATE PCB LANDFILL WORKING GROUP *JOHN HUMPHREY DEHNR BOX 27687 RALEIGH NC 27611 *BILLIE ELMORE 5301 ROLLING HILL RD SANFORD NC 27330 *LUCIUS HAWKINS RT 1 BOX 6 WARRENTON NC 27589 *CAROLYN COLEMAN 116 WEST JONES ST RALEIGH NC 27603 *KENNETH FERRUCCIO RT 2 BOX 163 J NOVTINA NC 27563 *JIM LEWIS 5806 SENTINEL DR RALEIGH NC 27609 ** KIMBERLY BURWELL PO BOX 254 WARRENTON NC 27589 * WORKING GROUP MEMBERS ** DESIGNEES *** INFORMATION DISTRIBUTION *VICKI WESEN EMMANUEL EPISCOPAL CHURCH PO BOX 704 WARRENTON NC 27589 *BILL MEYER DSWM 401 OBERLIN RD RALEIGH NC 27605 *TOMMY CLINE 116 WEST JONES ST RALEIGH NC 27603 *DENNIS RETZLAFF 544 WEST RIDGEWAY ST WARRENTON NC 27589 *ROBERT TERRY RT B 12D WARRENTON NC 27589 ** JIM WARREN PO BOX 61051 DURHAM NC 27715 ***PAULINE EWALD 106 ROBINSON ST ASHLAND VA 23005 *THERESE VICK PO BOX 740 RICH SQUARE NC 27869 *DOLLIE B BURWELL PO BOX 254 WARRENTON NC 27589 *EARL LIMER RT 4 BOX 413 WARRENTON NC 27589 *DEBORAH FERRUCCIO RT 2 BOX 163 J NOVTINA NC 27563 *JOYCE LUBBER 315 CHURCH ST WARRENTON NC 27589 ** MONICA PORTER 116 WEST JONES ST RALEIGH NC 27603 *** LINDA RIMER HENRY LANCASTER STEVE METCALF SHARRON ROGERS
HEMAN R. CLARK
LAW OFFICES OF
PARKER, POE, ADAMS & BERNSTEIN
P.O. BOX 389
ONE EXCHANGE PLAZA
RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA 27602·0389
TELEPHONE 919·828·0564 FACSIMILE 9 19·834 ·4564
June 6, 1994
The Honorable James B. Hunt
Governor
116 West Jones Street
Raleigh, NC 27603-8001
Dear Governor:
CHARLOTTE OFFICE
2800 CHARLOTTE PLAZA
CHARLOTTE, NORTH CAROLINA 282••
TELEPHONE: 70-'•372-9000
FACSIMILE: 70•-33•••708
RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK OFFICE
P.O. BOX 13039
RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK, N.C. 27709
TELEPHONE, 11111·!5,U·-'!500
FACSIM1LE: 919·!5••-2798
SOUTHPARK OFFICE
•20t CONGRESS ST., SUITE 1,s
CHARLOTTE, NORTH CAROLINA 28209
TELEPHONE, 70-'·!5!58·11800
FACSIMILE: 704-!5!58-9601
FILE NUMBER
DIRECT DIAL
Our P.C.B. landfill in Warren County won't go away.
Now the "protesters" are saying we broke our promise to
"detoxify" (which would be a shameful waste of much tax money).
I do think you should consider having the water pumped out of
the landfill. You remember we had several heavy down-pours of rain
fall just before putting the cap in place. There have been no
leaks but we can't say there never will be. It may not be a
dangerous condition but it sounds bad.
For a relatively small appropriation, the dehydration can be
done. Bill Meyer the highly competent Chief of Solid Waste
Management Section, knows exactly what needs to be done. As long
as the water remains inside the liner, the protesters have a
logical basis to continue their expert agitation in the community.
They are at it again, telling that farm products from the area are
unfit for human consumption.
If there is anyway I can help in explaining this need to the
General Assembly please let me know.
With warm regards and best wishes,
(,in/rely,
~
HRC:bps
cc: rMir. William L. Meyer
State of North Carolina
Department of Environment,
Health and Natural Resources
Division of Solid Waste Management
James B. Hunt, Jr., Governor
Jonathan B. Howes, Secretary
William L. Meyer, Director
Faxed to: 490-3745
June 3, 1994
Dr. Barry Katz
Mycosearch, Inc
PineCone Drive
Durham, NC
Dear Dr. Katz:
PJ·,l\ ~'-5 ~ .
n n a ... ----• DEHNR
Please provide us with a brief description of your company's
experience and capability regarding sampling and identification of soil biota.
As we discussed, we will soon be sampling a chemical landfill ten years post
closure and are interested in options to sample the flora and fauna that are
will be present in the landfill upon opening. The contents of the landfill are
soils contaminated with an average of 140 ppm of PCBs, primarily Arochlor
1260.
I look forward to getting your materials and to further discussions with
you about this possibility.
yours,
~
Sharron E. Rogers
Special Projects
P.O. Box 27687, Raleigh, North Carolina 27611-7687 Telephone [phone] FAX [phone]
An Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer 50% recycled/ 10% post-consumer paper
Draft Draft Draft Draft Draft Draft Draft
June xx, 1 994
An Update for the Citizens of Warren County:
Many gallons of PCB transformer oils were dumped along roadsides in
14 North Carolina counties in 1978. After detailed consideration of all
alternatives for protecting the citizens of our state, the United States
Environmental Protection Agency decided that the only available option was
to landfill this material.
In 1 983, these roadside PCB-contaminated soils were placed in a
state-of-the-art chemical landfill near the Afton community in Warren County.
This single purpose landfill is closed for any other use. North Carolina has
maintained my promises to you by monitoring the condition of the landfill and
the health of the citizen's living near the landfill.
Since my return to the Governor's Office in 1993, I have taken a
number of steps to reinforce my previous commitments to you. At the
request of Warren County, I directed the Department of Environment, Health,
and Natural Resources (DEHNR) to establish a Joint Warren County and State
PCB Landfill Working Group. This working group has been formed and has
met several times under the direction of co-chairs from the DEHNR and
Warren County. The DEHNR has provided funding for a science advisor to
assist the working group in addressing concerns about the landfill.
The working group has identified three primary agenda items: perform
a detailed environmental assessment of the landfill; evaluate technologies for
detoxification of the PCB-contaminated landfill contents; and assess
maintenance needs for the landfill's long-term security, such as internal
landfill water levels.
While all three of these agenda items are important to ensure safety of
the landfill, I am aware that detoxification of the contaminated soils is a
priority concern. In 1 984, a similar working group recommended to me that
at that time detoxification was not feasible. However, over the past 10
years much new information, research work, and practical experience with
clean up of PCB-contaminated soils has occurred.
In an effort to help the working group with its agenda items, the
DEHNR has proposed a design for a detailed environmental site investigation
of the landfill. This study will include detailed chemical and physical
analyses of samples taken from within the landfill.
A preliminary workplan for this proposed study has been delivered to
the working group members. Soil, surface water, groundwater, vegetation,
and landfill content samples will be chemically analyzed. These results will
be compared to similar findings from our routine sampling. This comparison
will give a detailed current picture of the environment inside and near the
PCB landfill. Knowledge of what has occurred to the PCBs and soils inside
the liner of the landfill for the past 11 years will be critical to any
consideration of detoxification options.
At the working group's direction, I have instructed DEHNR to support
the efforts of the working group in conducting a detailed technical review of
feasible PCB-soil detoxification options. Findings and recommendations from
this review will be reported to me and the citizens of the Warren County.
The DEHNR has transferred $100,000 to Warren County to maintain
and improve the PCB landfill. This money may be used for such items as
improved security, lighting, electricity to the landfill site, or funding the
environmental site investigation.
All environmental studies conducted at the PCB landfill in Warren
County to date show that there has been no release of PCBs to the area.
This is a safe and healthy community to· live in, and I am committed to
keeping it that way. With proper care, this landfill can continue to be a safe
repository for these materials for you and your grandchildren, while we
continue to press for a feasible detoxification method.
Draft Draft
FACSIMILE TRANSMITTAL FORM
DIVISION OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
FROM: BILL MEYER
COMMENTS:
OFFICE [phone]
FAX [phone]
1Zh_~ ;~~~~:;a
to 1M,()tf &J 1' W f PIUJ ttJ fti plf£'f)tirQ
E NVIRONMENTAL
COMPLIANCE
0 RGANIZATION
106 Robinson Street Ashland, Virginia 23005
TO:
FROM:
RE:
DATE:
MEMORANDUM VIA FAX
MR. BILL MEYER
PAULINE EWALD
IMPLEMENTING WARREN COUNTY LANDFILL PROJECT
MAY9, 1994
I'm sorry that we have been missing each other over the telephone, but my schedule
through this spring and summer is very full. Because of scheduling conflicts, I will
not be able to make it to Raleigh this week.
However, I have firmly reserved May 19 , 1994 for attendance at the planned meeting
. ECO's participation in that meeting will be much more substantive if we can begin to
read and review file data on the landfill, and I would therefore request that your staff
begin to copy and send the relevant documents as soon as is feasible. Additionally, I
would appreciate complete information on North Carolina travel regulations and
requirements to assure in advance that our travel scheduling will be compliant with
management and budgetary guidelines.
Should you wish to meet in advance of the meeting on the 19th, or have a conference
call to discuss the agenda for ECO's participation, I will make every effort possible to
set aside a mutually convenient time to do so.
Everyone at ECO looks forward to getting this project underway, and assisting the
State and residents of Warren county in resolving this important project.
PME/ms
E NVIRONMENT AL
COMPLIANCE
0 RGANIZATION
106 Robinson Street Ashland, Virginia 23005
PROFESSIONAL WASTE MANAGEMENT CONSULT ANTS [phone]
TO:
FROM:
RE:
DATE:
l\lEMORANDUM VIA FA.,X
MR. BILL MEYER
PAULINE EWALD
IMPLEMENTING WARREN COUNTY LANDFILL PROJECT
MAY9, 1994
I'm sorry that we have been missing each other over the telephone, but my schedule
through this spring and summer is very full . Because of scheduling conflicts, I will
not be able to make it to Raleigh this week.
However, I have firmly reserved May 19, 1994 for attendance at the planned meeting
. ECO's participation in that meeting will be much more substantive if we can begin to
read and review file data on the landfill. and I would therefore request that your staff
begin to copy and send the relevant documents as soon as is feasible. Additionally, I
would appreciate complete information on North Carolina travel regulations and
requirements to assure in advance that our travel scheduling will be compliant with
management and budgetary guidelines.
Should you wish to meet in advance of the meeting on the 19th, or have a conference
call to discuss the agenda for ECO's participation, I ,viii make every effort possible to
set aside a mutually convenient time to do so.
Everyone at ECO looks fonYard to getting this project underway, and assisting the
State and residents of Warren county in resolving this important project.
PME/ms
State of North Carolina
Department of Environment,
Health and Natural Resources
Policy Development
James B. Hunt, Jr., Governor
Jonathan B. Howes, Secretary
John Humphrey, Director
March 31, 1994
MEMORANDUM
TO:
FROM:
RE:
Joint State-Citizens PCB Landfill Working Group and
Interested Parties
John HumphreY\ 'r
April 7, 1994 Meeting
This memorandum is to remind you of our next meeting at 4 p.m. on
Thursday, April 7. The meeting will be held in the parish hall at
Emmanuel Episcopal Church at 127 N. Main Street in Warrenton. This
is the same location as our March meeting.
Our newly hired consultant Pauline Ewald is scheduled to attend the
meeting to help us move forward on developing further our work
plan.
I look forward to seeing you on Thursday.
P.O. Box 27687, Raleigh, North Carolina 27611-7687 Telephone [phone]
An Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer 50% recycled/ 10% post-consumer paper
State of North Carolina
Department of Environment,
Health and Natural Resources
James B. Hunt, Jr., Governor
Jonathan 8. Howes, Secretary
Linda Bray Rimer, Assistant Secretary
for Environmental Protection
.NA
DEHNR
M E M O R A N D U M
TO:
FROM:
DATE:
Lois Artis' {l
Linda Rime~
March 30, 1994
SUBJECT: PCB Landfill Contract
A contract proposal (Form 101c) originating in the Solid
Waste Division was submitted to the Department for approval on
March 28, 1994. Contract services include evaluation and
recommendation of necessary work on the PCB Landfill in Warren
County. The associated budget revision (12-0365) requests that
$40,000 of the $82,950 needed for this contract be transferred
from the Solid Waste Management Division lapsed salary balance.
The development of this contract was approved in a meeting
with State Budget and Department senior management. It is our
understanding that the remaining funds needed for this contract
will be identified by the Department in fiscal year 94/95.
Please call me if you have any questions or need additional
information.
LBR/cr
cc: Steve Levita.7./
Bill Meyerv ·
P. 0. Box 27687, Raleigh. North Carolina 27611-7687 Telephone [phone] FAX [phone]
An Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer 50% recycled/10% post-c onsumer paper
4
•
State of North Carolina
Department of Environment,
Health and Natural Resources
James B. Hunt. Jr ., Governor
Jonathan B. Howes, Secretary
J1~A ~ ---~·1~~ CWWW-twwwa
n a ,n -.----• C)EI-INFl
March 23, 1994
Mr. Howard E. Tomlinson, Jr.
12 Hillcrest Point
Littleton, North Carolina 27850
Dear Mr. Tomlinson,
Thank you for your recent comments and copy of the resolution
concerning the PCB Landfill in Warren County.
The State is the owner of the PCB Landfill and responsible for
providing long-term maintenance of the site. The Department is
currently funding a scientific study to evaluate the safety of the
landfill and identity risks to public health and the environment.
If any risks are identified, the State will respond to ensure that
the landfill continues to be safely maintained. Part of the study
will be to determine the need for removal of water from the
landfill and technical recommendations for removal of water if
required. This is consistent with the Board of Health's resolution
that recommends that the State make a decision on managing the
water in the landfill and removal and appropriate disposal if
necessary. The Board of Health, County Commissioners and the
Department have the same objective, to make sure that the landfill
is safe and make fiscally responsible decisions for any necessary
corrective action.
I appreciate your comments and urge you to participate with
the joint Warren County and State PCB Landfill working group to
provide solutions to the long-term maintenance of the PCB Landfill.
~~~~-~
Jonathan B. Howes
JBH:wlm
cc: William L. Meyer, Director
Division of Solid Waste Management
P. 0. Box 27687, Raleigh, North Carolina 27611-7687 Telephone [phone]
An Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer 50% rocyc led/10% post-consumer paper
~ "' ... ,,. Jonathan B. Howes @., .. .,_-,~ ,. '.':w /. t( Secretary of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources ~ TO: ~/4._ ~ DA TE: :;J.. -;J..J-9 5/' RESPONDBY: 'O?au1._ )'i~ PLEASE: REMARKS: t/2raft a reply for my signature and return to me. ___ Reply, noting the letter was referred to you by me (copy to Secretary's Office). ___ Draft a reply for the Governor's signature and return tome. ___ Reply, noting the letter was referred to you by Governor Hunt (copy to Secretary's Office) ___ For your information. ___ Take appropriate action. ___ Note and file. ___ Note and return to me. ___ Note and see me about this. ___ Your comments and/ or recommendations. -. '-.. ~~----~ ........ . ..,.__ : 1 f 1994 -~:/ -:// -, ":::'!.2:.:;.:1:}>~~/ ~ l•• .. --., ·-· .. i ~ 512 N. Salisbury Street Raleigh 27604 [phone] P•l!t aq Oi U •11e,ap aJOW YI!'~ wn,alt ew 04 Ado;, Yl!M 'JeMIU■ HH!d D 41anba.1 JnoA J8d O .A.1d•.1 o, ew JO¼ uo,,twJOJUf ... ~ ... d O _,... __ ~., .e:_:'11JaAuo, Jno ;ad D .,,,.,ue,, Aw JOf A1d•• OJldOJd D', 7..-::-..:r:.. 10.0,dd• JnoA J0,1 cd' uou1wJ0JUJ inoA ,~ O '!"il \noq• ~ aac put a,oN D Mllfd '1,ueww~ JOOA O ew 04 wn,aJ put ~ON D p.JtMJOJ put t•tuu! 'a.JON O ll!J put a,oN 0 NOU~V :s}!iawaH ?r'l{f/ PJO;f/~ 7/VO'd ~fr ,m;o=o.t 4•1 _ f!/-<,; •1•a SD~nOS3~ w~nl''V'N 0NV 'Hl lV3H '1N3WNOmt\N3 :10 1N3Wl~Vd30 VNllO~V::> Hl~ON
:,. "
"\ HOWARD E . TOMLINSON, JR.
12 HILLCREST POINT
LITTLETON, NC 27850
February 22, 1993
~Ir. Jonathan B. Howes, Secretary
North Carolina Department of Environment,
Health and Natural Resources
P. o. Box 2768 7
I ,;::., L;,:_
',I L ,_·_·_-__ .
Raleigh, NC 27611 .. : · .. :.~:.:..::..:...[
Dear Sir: Warren County PCB Landfill
I am a member of the Warren County Board of lle alth and I attended the
Hay 24, 1993 public meeting held in the Courthouse to discuss the PC B
Landfi 11. /\s a result o f that meeting the \-/arren County Ilea 1th Department
initiated a well testing program involving about 35 private wells in the
immediate vicinity of the Landfi 11. /\11 results were negative; the re was
no indication of PCBs in any of the test samples. On October 4 the Harren
County Board of Health adopted a resolution which was publlshed in the
\-larren Record on October 13, 1993. A copy of this :iresolution ls enclosed.
I have great difficulty trying to understand the threat of hydraulic
pressure on the liner -throug h five feet of packed clay -or the effect
of 12 to 13 feet of wa ter-soaked earth on the liner -when residential
swimming pools contain over six feet of water directly on a plastic shell
with a foot or two of packed sand beneath; these pools do not leak.
I personally believe the hazard of PCBs to our citizens is absolutely
minimal. Dr. Ronald H. Levine, State Health Director, acknowledged to my
direct question at the aforementioned public meeting that there has never
been a case of recorde d sickness or death attributed to PC Bs in the state
of North Carolina. Dr. Ralph Heister, a respected environmentalist from
Penn State University, has investig ated a problem of rcB .contamination of
Valley Creek in Chester County, Pennsylvania. The creek has been stocked
annually and fished for many years. Dr. Heister tells me there has never
been a recorded case of sickness or death attributed to this PCB problem.
I read a news review not long a g o on the toxic dilemma; regulation costs
versus risks. It quoted Representative John Dingell of Michigan as saying
"we have seen in recent episodes on asbestos, dioxin and PCBs where risks
have been dramatical1ly overstated at simply immense cost to the public".
To spend additional taxpayer money on this PCB project would be a g ross
i njustice, especially whe n budgets are so tig ht and there are many, many
tnore important problems to address.
Please g ive this matte r .serious consideration before further action.
~J~h-Si 1 your~s, J . F·
£ • 'f om l ins on, Jr
!
RESOLUTION
PCB L\NDF I LL IN WARREN COUNTY
WHEREAS, the PCB Landfill located near Afton in Warren County ls the
property of the State of North Carol Ina
WHEREAS, lt has been determined by the State Department of Environment,
Health and :~atural Resources that the PCB Landfl l l contains an
excessive accumulation of water which may, or may not, be a threat
to the inte~rity of the landfill liner
WHEREAS, after :nany well tests for presence of PCBs in the viclnlty
of the PCB Landf L 11, there is no evidence whacsoever of PCB concaminat ion
emanating from the Landfill and hence no threat to the health and well-
being of the cit l zens of Warren County
WHEREAS, the State Health Department has verified the fact there has
never been a recorded case of death or illness attributed to PCDs in
the State of ~orth Carolina
WHEREAS, the Warren County Board of Health is charged with the care
and responsibility for the health interests of Warren County
WHEREAS, in consideration of these aforementioned conditions, the
\.larren County Board of Hea 1th does not believe the PCB Landf i 11 poses
a hazard to the health of Warren County citizens
THEREFORE, BE Ir RESOLVED, that the Warren County Board of Health
recommends the State of North Carolina make the decision on whether
or not to remove the excess accumulation of 'Water from the PCB Landfill
and, if so, to use appropriate means of disposal.
Adopted this day ______________ ,1993
Date --------------
-.
State of North Carolina Department of Environment, Health and Natural Resources
Jomes B. Hunt, Jr., Governor
Jonathon B. Howes, Secretory AVA
DEHNA
March 22, 1994
v. Alfreda Jordan-Webb
County Manager, Warren county
130 North Main Street
P. o. Box 619
Warrenton, North Carolina 27589
Dear Mrs. Jordan-Webb:
The Department of Environment, Health and Natural Resources is
pleased to respond to your request for funds from the Solid Waste
Grants Program by awarding $100,000 for capital improvements on
the PCB Landfill. Although more funds were requested for Warren
County, the great need for financial help by local governments
required that the Department share funding equitably. It is my
understanding that the General Assevbly may fund this program
again in the upcoming short session.
The state is the owner and operator of the PCB Landfill and has
both responsibility and liability for all activity on the site
and therefore, must agree with and approve any proposed capital
improvement project before it is implemented. The funds are
limited to being spent on capital improvements that include1
renovations, repairs, maintenance, landscape improvements, new
construction, equipment purchases, utility modifications, and
other appropriate capital improvements on the PCB Landfill.
The Department of Environment, Health and Natural Resources and
the Division of Solid Waste Management look forward to working
with you to ensure the protection of Warren county citizens.
Sincerely, · L\~~h.~
Jonathan B. Howes
JBH:wlm
P. 0. Box 27687. Raleigh. North Caollna 27611-7687 Telephone 919-71~4100
An Equal Opporh.nty Affimative Action Employer '5u1. recycled/lO'I. post-conuner paper
·= . •·. '.: .. •·. loO•DAY•Yl'I ¥OtD4BI ...,_. ~ '"'' s;; vr l'IVn In ~nv1.11""' DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT, HEALTH & NATURAL RESOURCES No. 4 4 336 5 P.Q,_BOX 27681. RALEIGH, N.C. 27611 . TOTAL NET AMOUNT DETACH HERE STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT. HEALTH & NATURAL RESOURCES RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA coo.,.__,. 100000.00 100,000.00 CHECK NUMBER 443365 4433&5 e&-1059 ~ $AMOUNT' ~ [ 3/22/94 443365 4931& t 100,000. 00*, PRESENT TO: STATE TREASURER PAYABLE AT PAR~ FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM PAY TO THE ORDER OF jWARREN COUNTY L L : . ~. =--~ . . -~--f ~ ·-~ ~ :.:.~.~----~-.. .,. / ... :-·:·-· .. ·· ---. 1-:.·. ·-:Y:° ·,::~. :: ~:::--~ ._ ·• .,.,. '·: ~ .. , ..• ··.• .... ,-•• ~,. , ••. _ _,-.,-,.=-. "r·' ... ,.., ...... · -~· .•...... ,. ~->'.--l~~~'.@' \: \~~·•····. ·'·"··.r.w __,,,.1:"'>-~.-",,,. . •',L_,~•·-,·=~~~-~-'~' ----. :: •· .. . -~~ .... ~: .· .•>" :--:.;. ,-;-~ :~~' ?\ ;· . . • .-. . . -✓ •. · • .,, J ' I
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March 14, 1994
MEMORANDUM
TO: Members of the Joint Warren County and
State .PCB Landfill Working Group
FROM: John Humphrey, Director Policy
Department EHNR
SUBJECT: Draft Scope of Work
The Department has drafted an outline for a scope of work on the PCB Landfill as
requested by the members of the work group at the January 18, 1994, meeting.
Please review the draft and prepare any additions or deletions that you feel are
appropriate. I encourage you to add any ideas that we may have not included. I hope we
can finalize as much of the scope of work as possible at the next meeting.
I look forward to working with you on the scope of work at our next meeting which
is scheduled on April 7, 1994.
JH:WLM:phj
PROPOSED SCOPE OF WORK --PCB IANDFILL
TASKS:
• Select technical consultant for joint state and citizens working group.
• Evaluate existing environmental conditions of landfill.
• Determine methodology for removal of water from landfill.
• Evaluate potential technologies for detoxification of materials in landfill.
• Recommend detoxification technology and budget for implementation for
consideration by General Assembly.
• Recommend long-term institutional controls for perpetual maintenance of
landfill.
• identify options/strategy for funding of all tasks.
• Identify indirect impacts of PCB landfill.
TASK --Selection of Technical Consultant for Joint Working Group
• Pauline Ewald, Environmental Compliance Organization (ECO) of
Ashland, Virginia, has been determined to be technically qualified, has
demonstrated good communication skills and has the ability to develop
credibility, trust and confidence with the working group.
• The major responsibility of the technical consultant will be to provide
advice, guidance and leadership in the identification, development and
implementation of all tasks identified by the working group to address
the PCB landfill project.
• The approximate cost of the technical consultant is estimated to be
$65.00 per hour.
• The state has agreed to provide funds for the technical consultant selected by
the working group.
• Recommended activity to complete selection of technical consultant:
1. Determine all tasks (scope of work) to be assigned to the
technical consultant and draft generic personal services contract.
2. Present proposed contract to selected consultant(s) for final cost
determination.
3. Make selection (working group) and prepare final contract.
4. Specify state funding and schedule of payment established.
TASK --Evaluate, Existing Environmental Conditions on Landfill
• Develop health and safety plan for all contractor personnel and on-site
observers.
• Water fluctuation study.
• Leachate (water in landfill) volume study. v
• Gas venting study.
• Top liner evaluation.
• Bottom liner evaluation.
• Groundwater monitoring system study.
• Leachate system evaluation.
• Water treatment system evaluation.
• Surface water/sediment evaluation.
• Vegetation evaluation.
• Chemical/physical sampling and analysis including all toxic constituents and
specifically dioxin and furans.
• Human, animal and wildlife evaluations.
• Other evaluations/studies identified by working group.
Note This task may be further defined as part of a
proposed contract for t h e t e c h n i c a 1
consultant services or this task could be assigned
to the consultant after the contract is presented.
Note --It is estimated that this task will cost from $25,000 to
$50,000. The major difference in cost will be the extent
of chemical and physical testing and analysis. For
example: dioxin and related compounds cost $1,600 per
sample and total scans for all toxics will cost ( combined
with dioxin) approximately $2,000 to $2,500 per sample.
The state needs to know what extent state resources will
be needed and or required.
Note
Note A source of funding for implementation of this task must
be identified and contracts developed for
implementation.
TASK --Determine Methodology /Technology for Removal of Water from Landfill.
• Feasibility study of removing water form landfill relative to protecting
landfill integrity and detoxification efforts.
• Design system for removal of water, treatment and on-site disposal.
• • Alternatives include using existing systems with modifications or
designing alternative system(s).
Note --Regardless of design alternative electricity will need to
be extended to site and a surveyed benchmark
established.
Note
Note
The cost is estimated to range from $50,000 to $200,000
for design and implementation for one year.
Funding sources must be identified for multiple contracts
(feasibility, design and implementation) for this task.
TASK --Evaluation of Potential Technologies for Detoxification of Materials in Landfill
• Review published data on technologies including chemical, physical,
biological and thermal ( excluding incineration) amenable to
-.r t ••
detoxification of PCB materials.
• Select applicable technologies.
• Identify and select vendors with existing capability to apply selected
technologies for detoxification of landfill.
• Invite selected vendors to make presentations for proposals to detoxify
landfill. Presentations should include all technical aspects and risks
associated with technology, probability of success, on-site disposal of
residues, schedules and budgets, cost and financial capability (liability
and assets) of vendor.
• Select applicable/successful technologies and determine cost estimates.
TASK --Recommend Detoxification Technology(s) and Budget for Implementation for
Funding/ Appropriation to General Assembly
• Propose detailed reports and data sufficient to provide General
Assembly with information to make decision for funding.
• Plan efforts to work with elected officials at all levels to build support
for detoxification.
TASK --Recommend Long-term Institutional Controls for Operation and Maintenance of
PCB Landfill
• Plans developed for monitoring and upkeep of site.
• Responsible agencies assigned for monitoring and care of site.
• Budgets for long-term care.
• Contingency plans in place for unanticipated events.
TASK --Other
Revision 03/11/94
TO:
FROM: John Humphrey
SUBJECT: Response to 3/12/94 Winston Salem Journal and Status of
PCB Landfill
* $200,000 is the estimated amount for capital improvements
to initiate removal of water from the landfill. On March
18, 1994 $100,000 from the Solid Waste Grants Program was
incumbered for capital improvements to the PCB Landfill.
(Draft letter Department to Warren County enclosed) This
is about one half the estimated cost and the Department
will attempt to respond to any actual short fall from
new appropriations, existing funds and staff resources.
* $30 million is a rough estimate for detoxification of the
PCB contaminated soils and water in the Landfill.
Detoxification of the landfill is a major objective of
Warren County citizens and is based on an October 20th,
1982 commitment by Governor Hunt to: "The State will
push as hard as it can for detoxification of the landfill
when and if the appropriate and feasible technology is
developed. We will seek to establish a joint
local-State-Federal working group to pursue this end"
(copy of October 20, 1982 letter enclosed).
* This commitment resulted in appointment of a working
group (13 members) in June, 1983 and final
recommendations in December, 1984. Two recommendations
included, not disturbing the PCB Landfill at that time
but "to continue surveillance of developments in PCB
detoxification, with representation from the appropriate
state agencies---, Warren County and the research
community." (copy of ppl3-14, final report and
recommendations of the intergovernmental working group on
PCB detoxification, 12/12/84 enclosed)
* In order to keep this commitment to continue con-
sideration of PCB detoxification developments, the
Department has appointed a 15 member joint Warren County/
State PCB Landfill working group. The working group met
1/18/94 and 2/10/94 with a third meeting scheduled
4/7/94.
* A contract is being negotiated/drafted to hire a con-
sultant approved by the working group. The consultant
will be paid with Department funds and will primarily
provide technical guidance to the Warren County members
of the working group.
* Major tasks of the work group include:
(1) Evaluation of existing environmental and engineered
conditions at landfill and recommend any required
corrective actions
(2) Evaluation of technology to remove rain water from
landfill and recommend appropriate technology
(3) Evaluate and recommend technologies that are
"appropriate and feasible" for PCB detoxification
(4) Estimate cost and funding options for all
recommendations
* The press will probably attend and publish articles on
activity at each of the working group meetings. In
addition to the technical funding, schedules of activity
issues, Environmental Justice/Environmental Equity is a
major issue.
* "appropriate and feasible" contrasted with
"detoxification at any cost" is expected to be an issue
to be resolved by the working group.
~arr~ ~--d-cv,.,-w 9.ArO r ,4 '
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Post-it
Mr. William Meyer, Director
Department of Environment, Health
and Natural Resources
Division of Solid Waste Management
Post Office Box 27687
Raleigh, North Carolina 27611-7687
Dear Mr. Meyer:
March 1, 1994
Senator Frank Ballance brought to my attention the availability of solid waste grants to
enable counties to make capital improvements on solid waste facilities.
In order to ensure the protection of our citizens, Warren County requests $300,000 for
renovations, repairs, maintenance, landscape improvements, new construction, equipment
purchases, utility modifications and any other expenditures that are required and appropriate
for capital improvements to the Warren County PCB landfill.
Thank you for your consideration of this request, and if you need further information, please
call me.
Sincerely,
Alfreda Jordan-Webb
Warren County Manager
Mr. William L. Meyer, Director
Department of Environment, Health
and Natural Resources
Division of Solid Waste Management
Post Office Box 27687 -
Raleigh, North Carolina 27611-7687
Dear Mr. Meyer:
March 1, 1994
Senator Frank Ballance brought to my attention the availability of solid waste grants to
enable counties to make capital improvements on solid waste facilities.
In order to ensure the protection of our citizens, Warren County requests $300,000 for
renovations, repairs, maintenance, landscape improvements, new construction, equipment
purchases, utility modifications, and any other expenditure required and appropriate for
capital improvements to the Warren County PCB landfill.
Thank you for your consideration of this request, and if you need further information, please
call me.
Sincerely,
Alfredo Jordan-Webb
Warren County Manager
State of North Carolina
Department of Environment,
Health and Natural Resources
Office of Policy Development
James B. Hunt, Jr., Governor
Jonathan B. Howes, Secretary
John G. Humphrey, Director
February 2, 1994
MEMORANDUM:
RA
DEHNR
TO: Members of the Joint Warren County and State PCB
Landfill Working Group
FROM: John Humphrey, Director Policy
Department EHNR
SUBJECT: Draft Scope of Work
The Department has drafted an outline for a scope of work on the
PCB Landfill as requested by the members of the work group at the
January 18, 1994, meeting.
Please review the draft and prepare any additions or deletions
that you feel are appropriate. I encourage you to add any ideas
that we may have not included. I hope we can finalize as much of
the scope of work as possible at the next meeting.
I look forward to working with you on the scope of work at our
next meeting which is scheduled on Thursday, February 10 at 2
p.m. at All Saints' Episcopal Church in Warrenton.
Directions
All Saints' Church is on the corner of Front and Franklin Streets
in Warren ton.
From Henderson the church is at the first stoplight on Secondary
Road 1001. If traveling on Hwy. 401 from Raleigh, turn left at
the first stoplight in Warrenton. The church will be in the
second block on your left.
P.O. Box 27687, Raleigh, North Carolina 27611-7687 Telephone [phone] FAX [phone]
An Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer 50% recycled/ l 0% post-consumer paper
, FRDH HC DIU HAZEROUS WASTE
. ""
TASKSs
01.28.1994 12:45
· • Select technical consultant for joint state and clti2ens working group.
• Evaluate existing environmental conditions of landfill.
• Determine methodology for removal of water from landfill.
• Evaluate potential technologies for detoxlficatlon of materials In landfill.
• Recommend detoxification technology and budget for implementation for
consideration by General Assembly.
• Recommend longterm Institutional controls for perpetual maintenance of
landfill,
T.ASK -Select!on or Technical Consultant tor Jolut Working Group
• Pauline Ewald, Environmental Compliance Organization (ECO) of Ashland,
Virginia, has been determined to be technically qualified. has demonstrated good
communication skills and has the ability to develop credibility, trust and confidenoe
with the working group.
• The major responsibility of the technical consultant will be to provide advice,
guidance and leadership in the identification, development and implementation of
all tasks identified by the working group to address the PCB landfill project
• The approximate cost of the technical consultant is estimated to be $6S.OO per
hour.
• The state has agreed to provide funds for the technical consultant selected by
the working group.
• Reoommended activity to complete selection of technical consultant:
1. Determine all tasks (scope of work) to be assigned to the technical
consultant and draft generic personal services contract.
2. Present proposed contract to selected consultant(s) for final cost
determination.
3. Make selection (working group) and prepare final contract.
4. Specify state funding and schedule of payment established.
TASK -Evaluate Existing Environmental Conditions on Landftll
• Develop health and safety plan for all contractor personnel and onsite
observers.
• Water fluctuation study.
• Leachate (water in landfill) volume study.
• Oas veriting study.
• Top liner evaluation.
• Bottom liner evaluation.
• Groundwater monitoring system study.
• leachate system evaluation.
• Water treatment system evaluation.
p. 2
FRCM HC DIU HAZEROUS WASTE 01.28.1994 12:45
-"'' .
..
• Surface water/sediment evaluation. lID!filfil~l
• Vegetation evaluation.
• Chemical/physical sampling and analysis Including all toxic constituents and
specifically dioxin and furans.
· • Other evaluations/studies identified by working group.
Note -This task may be further defined as part of a proposed contract for the
technical ~nsultant services or this task could be assigned to the consultant after the
contract ls presented.
Note -· It is estimated that this task will cost from $25,000 to SS0,000. The major
difference in cost will be the extent of chemical and physical testing and analysis.
For example: dioxin end related compounds cost $1,600 per sample and total scans
for all toxics will cost ( combined with dioxin) approximately $2,000 to $2,500 per
sample.
Note --The state needs to know what extent state resources will be needed and or
required. .
Note -A source of funding for implementation of this task must be identified and
contracts ·developed for implementation.
TASK .. Determine MethodoloSY /Technology ror Removal or Water trom Landftll.
• Feasibility study of removing water form landfill relative to protecting landfill
integrity and detoxification efforts.
• Design system for removal of water, treatment and onsite disposal.
• • Alternatives Include using existing system& with modifications or
designing alternative system(s). ·
Note --Regardless of design alternative electricity will need to he extended to site
and a suiveyed benchmark established.
Note --The cost is estimated to range from $50,000 to $200,000 for design and
implementation for one year.
Note -Funding sources must be identified for multiple contracts (feasibility, design
~d implementation) for this task.
TASK •· Evaluation ot Potential Technologies for Detoxification or Materials In Landftll
• Review published data on technologies including chemJcal, physical, biological
and thermal (excluding incineration) amenable to detoxification of PCB materials.
• Select applicable technologies.
• Identify and select vendor& with existing capability to apply selected
technologies for detoxification of landfill.
• Invite selected vendors to make presentations for proposals to detoxify landfill.
Presentations should include all technical aspects and risks associated with
technology, probability of success, onsfte disposal of residues, schedules and budgets.
cost and financial capability (liability and assets) of vendor.
• Select applicable/successful Jechnologles and determine cost estimates.
p. 3
J
, ~RQM HC DIU HAZEROUS WASTE 01.28.1994 12:46
~ +_' "I,
... .
. ..
TASK •· Recommend Deto:xlftcatlon Technology(&) and Budaet for Implementation tor
Funding/ Appropriation to General Assembly
• Propose detailed reports and data sufficient to provide General Assembly with
information to make decision for funding. ·
• Plan efforts to work with elected officials at all levels to build support for
detoxification .
TASK•· Recommend Longterm Institutional Controls for Operation and Maintenance of
PCB Landftll
•
•
•
•
Plans developed for monitoring and upkeep of site .
Responsible agencies assigned for monitoring and care of site .
Budgets for longterm care •
Contingency plans in place for unanticipated events .
TASK•• Other
p. 4
MEMORANDUM
DATE: February 8, 1994
SUBJECT: Warren County PCB Landfill
TO: John Humphrey
FROM: Linda Rimer l).-l~
Although I have reviewed the documents related to the PCB landfill that Bill Meyer has
been sending to both you and me during the last two weeks, I am concerned if I am the only
one providing feedback to Bill. Due to insufficient communications, Bill was not aware of
some of your efforts that are underway in Warren County. Bill was confronted by a local
County official who was angry because he has not been notified about the initial
organizational meeting that was held on January" 18, 1994. He was upset that he was not
aware of the draft scope of work, selection of a consultant for the working group and that
the next meeting had been established. Have you or Bill established clear lines of
responsibility? of accountability? Have we established a comprehensive Departmental plan
for this project?
Bill feels a real sense of urgency and responsibility on this issue --as I know you do as well.
Both of you have expressed the need for sensitivity in dealing with both the issues and the
personalities surrounding this landfill. We will flounder on all fronts unless we are
communicating with each other and working with each other closely .
• I will appreciate your updating me on where we are currently, what the next planned steps
are and who is going to be responsible for what. Thanks.
cc: B. Meyer
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~31 Health, and Natural Resources @ , .. ,,~."""""'~~·
~ortq Qlarolimt ®etteral J\ssemhl!l
~emde fil~umber
SENATOR FRANK W. BALLANCE. JR.
2ND DISTRICT· BERTIE (PART). GATES. HALIFAX (PART)
HERTFORD, NORTHAMPTON, VANCE (PART) AND WARREN
HOME ADDRESS: POST OFFICE Box 616
WARRENTON. NORTH CAROLINA 27589
T ELEPHONE: (91 9) 257-101 2
Mr. Bill Meyer
Division Director
~tute ]Gegislutiue ~uilhing
~uleig~ 27601-2808
January 13, 1994
NC Solid Waste Management Division
401 Oberlin Road
Raleigh, North Carolina 27611
RE: SMALL WATERSHED AND SOLID WASTE
GRANTS APPROPRIATED IN S.B. 26
Dear Mr. Meyer:
1 l ) ., ' .
COMMITTEES:
JUDICIARY I -CHAIRMAN
A PPROPRIATIONS ON J USTICE
AND P UBLIC SAFETY -VICE-CHAIRMAN
ECONOMIC D EVELOPMENT -VICE-CHAIRMAN
BANKS AND THRIFT INSTITUTIONS
CONSTITUTION AND ELECTION LAWS
INSURANCE
L OCAL G OVERNMENT AND R EGIONAL
AFFAIRS
M ANUFACTURING ANO LABOR
N EW LICENSING BOARDS
RULES ANO OPERATION OF THE
SENATE
I understand that there may be additional funds available under the above-referenced bill.
Warren County has a severe need for grant assistance for the PCB Landfill problem here
in our county. I respectfully request that you consider Warren County in your next
round of grants so that this problem can be resolved. Please feel free to contact the
appropriate official in our county to further discuss this request.
Very ' uly yours,
-I tLP~lLYt
Fra kW~Jr.
State Senator
2nd Senatorial District
FWBJr/jlb
cc: Alfreda Jordan-Webb
County Manager
JAN 13 '94 05: 25PM EHl'lR· PUBLIC AFFAIRS . . State of North Carolina Department of Environment, Health and Natural Resources
Jomes B. Hunt, Jr., Governor
Jonathan B. Howes, Secretory
January 13, 1994
MEMORANDUM
TO:
FROM:
Steve Metcalfe
Carolyn Coleman
Monica Porter
Bill Meyer
John Humphre~
P.l/3
NA
DEHNR
RE: Meeting on Warren County PCB Landfill with Community
Representatives
our first meeting on the Warren County PCB Landfill is scheduled
for Tuesday, January 18 at 3:30 p.m. at the Offices of the North
Carolina Episcopal Diocese. The main purpose of this meeting will
be (1) to establish expectations and set a scope of work for the
coming months and (2) to agree to use the scope of work to develop
a contract for technical consultants.
A map is attached. For those of you whom I do not speak with
between now and then, I look forward to seeing you on Tuesday!
P. 0. Box 27687, Raleigh, North Carolina 27611-7687 Telephone [phone]
An Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer 50~ recycled/10% post-consumer poper
JAi~ 13 '94 05: 26PM EHNR• PUBLIC AFFAIRS
Directions to Episcoapl Diocese Offices
From the I-440 Beltline
P.2/3
From the I-440 Beltline, take the six Forks Road exit for North
Hills Mall (away from downtown).
Turn right at the first light --the light is at the main entrance
to North Hills Mall --onto Dartmouth.
Go one block. Turn right onto Camelot at sign saying "To St.
Alban's Drive."
Follow Camelot through a sharp left turn where it becomes St.
Alban•s.
The Episcopal Diocese Offices are the one-story white building on
the left.
From Downtown
Follow Capitol Boulevard north to Wake Forest Road exit. Take Wake
Forest Road exit.
Follow Wake Forest Road through several lights to Six Forks Road
(McDonald's will be on your left, Pepsi bottling plant on your
right). Turn left at light onto Six Forks Road.
Follow Six Forks Road through several stoplights and across I-440
Beltline to North Hills Mall.
Turn right at the first light past I-440 --the light is at the
main entrance to North Hills Mall --onto Dartmouth.
Go one block. Turn right onto Camelot at sign saying "To St.
Alban's Drive."
Follow Camelot through a sharp left turn where it becomes st.
Alban's.
The Episcopal Diocese Offices are the one-story white building on
the left.
JAN 13 '94 05:26PM EHNR·PUBLIC AFFAIRS
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TO: Members of the Joint Warren County and
State PCB Landfill Working Group
FROM: John Humphrey, Director Policy
Department EHNR
SUBJECT: Draft Scope of Work
.,
The Department has drafted an outline for a scope of work on the PCB Landfill as
requested by the members of the work group at the January 18, 1994, meeting.
Please review the draft and prepare any additions or deletions that you feel are appropriate.
I encourage you to add any ideas that we may have not included. I hope we can finalize as
much of the scope of work as possible at the next meeting.
I look forward to working with you on the scope of work at our next meeting which is
scheduled on (GIVE DATE AND LOCATION).
PROPOSED SCOPE OF WORK --PCB LANDFILL
TASKS:
• Select technical consultant for joint state and citizens working group.
• Evaluate existing environmental conditions of landfill.
• Determine methodology for removal of water from landfill.
• Evaluate potential technologies for detoxification of materials in landfill.
• Recommend detoxification technology and budget for implementation for
consideration by General Assembly.
• Recommend longterm institutional controls for perpetual maintenance of
landfill.
TASK --Selection of Technical Consultant for Joint Working Group
• Pauline Ewald, Environmental Compliance Organization (ECO) of Ashland,
Virginia, has been determined to be technically qualified, has demonstrated good
communication skills and has the ability to develop credibility, trust and confidence
with the working group.
• The major responsibility of the technical consultant will be to provide advice,
guidance and leadership in the identification, development and implementation of
all tasks identified by the working group to address the PCB landfill project.
• The approximate cost of the technical consultant is estimated to be $65.00 per
hour.
• The state has agreed to provide funds for the technical consultant selected by
the working group.
• Recommended activity to complete selection of technical consultant:
1. Determine all tasks (scope of work) to be assigned to the technical
consultant and draft generic personal services contract.
2. Present proposed contract to selected consultant(s) for final cost
determination.
3. Make selection (working group) and prepare final contract.
4. Specify state funding and schedule of payment established.
TASK --Evaluate Existing Environmental Conditions on Landfill
• Develop health and safety plan for all contractor personnel and onsite
observers.
• Water fluctuation study.
• Leachate (water in landfill) volume study.
• Gas venting study.
• Top liner evaluation.
• Bottom liner evaluation.
• Groundwater monitoring system study.
• Leachate system evaluation.
• Water treatment system evaluation.
• Surface water/sediment evaluation.
• Vegetation evaluation.
• Chemical/physical sampling and analysis including all toxic constituents and
specifically dioxin and furans.
• Other evaluations/studies identified by working group.
Note --This task may be further defined as part of a proposed contract for the
technical consultant services or this task could be assigned to the consultant after the
contract is presented.
Note --It is estimated that this task will cost from $25,000 to $50,000. The major
difference in cost will be the extent of chemical and physical testing and analysis.
For example: dioxin and related compounds cost $1,600 per sample and total scans
for all toxics will cost ( combined with dioxin) approximately $2,000 to $2,500 per
sample.
Note --The state needs to know what extent state resources will be needed and or
required.
Note --A source of funding for implementation of this task must be identified and
contracts developed for implementation.
TASK --Determine Methodology /Technology for Removal of Water from Landfill.
• Feasibility study of removing water form landfill relative to protecting landfill
integrity and detoxification efforts.
• Design system for removal of water, treatment and onsite disposal.
• • Alternatives include using existing systems with modifications or
designing alternative system(s).
Note --Regardless of design alternative electricity will need to be extended to site
and a surveyed benchmark established.
Note --The cost is estimated to range from $50,000 to $200,000 for design and
implementation for one year.
Note --Funding sources must be identified for multiple contracts (feasibility, design
and implementation) for this task.
TASK --Evaluation of Potential Technologies for Detoxification of Materials in Landfill
• Review published data on technologies including chemical, physical, biological
and thermal ( excluding incineration) amenable to detoxification of PCB materials.
• Select applicable technologies.
• Identify and select vendors with existing capability to apply selected
technologies for detoxification of landfill.
• Invite selected vendors to make presentations for proposals to detoxify landfill.
Presentations should include all technical aspects and risks associated with
technology, probability of success, onsite disposal of residues, schedules and budgets,
cost and financial capability (liability and assets) of vendor.
• Select applicable/successful technologies and determine cost estimates.
TASK --Recommend Detoxification Technology(s) and Budget for Implementation for
Funding/ Appropriation to General Assembly
• Propose detailed reports and data sufficient to provide General Assembly with
information to make decision for funding.
• Plan efforts to work with elected officials at all levels to build support for
detoxification.
TASK --Recommend Longterm Institutional Controls for Operation and Maintenance of
PCB Landfill
• Plans developed for monitoring and upkeep of site.
• Responsible agencies assigned for monitoring and care of site.
• Budgets for longterm care.
• Contingency plans in place for unanticipated events.
TASK --Other
.. '
January 11 , 1994
Joel Hirschhorn
Do you have any recommendations concerning what should be the nature and
scope of the initial contract?
We need to begin with a technical assessment as related to the specific situation.
We need to identify the scientific and technological options out there and how they
relate. Are they really available? Will they work? Are they protective of people.
They [ the options] need to be related to a whole spectrum of criteria. Then you
need to sit down and write it up. It's not an academic exercise. It's a rigorous and
comprehensive exercise. The goal is to get to a real-world solution, to balance all
objectives and needs. It's really a practical technical assessment, comprehensive,
and grounded in the real world, and in the needs and priorities of everyone
concerned. It's objective, comprehensive. You look at what is the leading-edge
technology and what we might have if we wait. And all this needs to be communicated
to ordinary people.
Question: The state has concluded that the PCB site is in a state of crisis. On the
basis of your knowledge and experience, do you think detoxification technology is
presently available, or do you think we're going to have to wait five or ten
years?
The problem is not about the absence of technological options but about too many of
them. There are all kinds of technological options to destroy complex organic
compounds, many more today than before. But you need to look at such criteria as
safety, cost, reliability, ease of implementation. The key issue is cost as related to
volume. Volume is relative to economics and will determine all other issues. It's not just
about science.
January 11 , 1994
Pauline Ewald
Do you have any recommendations concerning what should be the nature and scope
of the initial contract?
The state was to have gotten me preliminary assessment and site investigation results.
I need some technical information in front of me. We're guessing about what might be
there. We need to test for dioxin, not just for PCBs. We need a comprehensive
characterization of the site so we know what to clean up, a full-scan.
We need air, soil, and water samples to understand the full technical and
environmental situation. We would not just review what's been done. We would be in
on determining the sample parameters, etc. Many projects get derailed because of the
lack of a comprehensive site characterization. We can't do a risk assessment or a
site remediation design without a full-scan. The state could involve its own staff. But
let us have input. Let us have our people at the site. We'd pull off some split samples.
We 'd get samples; they'd get samples. It would be more cost effective to involve the
state staff. They're drawing salaries already, etc. But we would have a physical
presence during the sampling. We would have input concerning sample locations,
sample depths, location of monitoring wells, etc. We would have input into the sample
plan and the state would agree to our suggestions. We would be there to be sure
things were fair. Once the sample plan is in place, you really can't mess it up. You
pick your locations, you pick what you're sampling for, and what you want the lab to
look for. Sample parameters must be broadened to include dioxin, not just PCBs.
PCB oil has been found to be heavily contaminated with impurities. 90% of the time,
where you get PCBs, you get dioxin as an impurity of the refining process. The
environment can act on PCBs, producing dioxin through heat and through interaction
of PCBs with soils, etc. We need to know what's there, the full extent of contamination
of air, soil, and water. We need to do a comprehensive site characterization, a
full-scan, we need to broaden the sample parameters, to test for other contaminants
as well. We can't do a risk assessment or site remediation design until we 've done a
comprehensive site characterization. For example, a detoxification process that
destroys PCBs might not destroy dioxins. So the full-scan is the first step. The other
steps and contracts pertaining to them could be worked out as we went along.
~ ...
• State of North Carolina Department of Environment,
Health and Natural Resources
James B. Hunt, Jr., Governor
Jonathan B. Howes, Secretary
Linda Bray Rimer, Assistant Secretary
for Environmental Protection
MEMORANDUM
DATE: January 1, 1994
NA
DEHNR
I
I • i •
SUBJECT: Funding for Warren County PCB Landfill
TO:
FROM:
John Humphrey
Bill Meyer
Linda Ri~
I have reviewed the application and process for "Environmental
Justice Grants to Community Groups" which was recently received
from EPA. My initial thought is that it represents a tremendous
amount of work for very little money. Besides that, it is not
clear to me that our proposal would even be fundable according to
the EPA criteria. An additional point on eligibility: is the
community group incorporated? as this is a requirement.
John, I understand that you have identified $100K -$150K from the
old Governor's Waste Management Board Budget which might be used
for the landfill. If this is true, I would want to consider using
part of that money for the Pollution Prevention Advisory Council as
well as for Warren County. Obviously we need to sit down with Doug
Lewis and clarify the existence and appropriate use of that money.
I will look forward to further discussion of this project. I agree
that we need to move as quickly as possible in addressing the
concerns of the community.
cc: S. Levitas
L. Artis
D. Lewis
P. 0 . Box 27687. Raleigh. North Carolina 27611-7687 Telephone [phone] FAX [phone]
An Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer 50% recycled/10% post-consumer paper
,f
-9</ .
State of North Carolina Department of Environment,
Health and Natural Resources
James B. Hunt, Jr., Governor
Jonathan B. Howes, Secretary
Linda Bray Rimer, Assistant Secretary
for Environmental Protection
MEMORANDUM
DATE: January 1, 1994
~
NA
DEHNR
SUBJECT: Funding for Warren County PCB Landfill _'···\~ ,:; .. /
'-~!::·j'::.' .... 2,.!.~:_,J_;.> ·'
TO:
FROM:
John Humphrey
Bill Meyer
Linda Ri~
I have reviewed the application and process for II Environmental
Justice Grants to Community Groups II which was recently received
from EPA. My initial thought is that it represents a tremendous
amount of work for very little money. Besides that, it is not
clear to me that our proposal would even be fundable according to
the EPA criteria. An additional point on eligibility: is the
community group incorporated? as this is a requirement.
John, I understand that you have identified $100K -$150K from the
old Governor's Waste Management Board Budget which might be used
for the landfill. If this is true, I would want to consider using
part of that money for the Pollution Prevention Advisory Council as
well as for Warren County. Obviously we need to sit down with Doug
Lewis and clarify the existence and appropriate use of that money.
I will look forward to further discussion of this project. I agree
that we need to move as quickly as possible in addressing the
concerns of the community.
cc: S. Levitas
L. Artis
D. Lewis
P. 0. Box 27687, Raleigh, North Carolina 27611-7687 Telephone [phone] FAX [phone]
An Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer 50% recycled/10% post-consumer paper
-9</.