HomeMy WebLinkAboutNCD980602163_19811022_Warren County PCB Landfill_SERB C_Draft Memorandum of Understanding - Attachment 1-OCRATTACHMENT 1
MEMORANDUM OF UND ER STANDING RETWE EN THE STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
AND THE UNITED STATES ENVIR ONMENTAL PROTECT ION AGENCY
I. INTRODUCTION
SITE STUDY PLAN
PCB SPILLS
NORTH CAROLINA
Representatives of Envi r onmental Protection Agency (EPA), Ecology and
Environment, Inc. (E&E), and State of North Carolina me t in Ralei gh during
September 1981 to discuss problems related to polychlorinated biphenyl s (PCR)
dumped along North Carolina hi ghways. At th ese meetings , a study to de termine
\. the present status of the PCB was proposed based on the emergency_ action plan
prepared by E&E for EPA during February 1981. The State r equest ed that EPA
take the lead, and that the State correlate and monitor the s tudy . Technical
support would be provided by E&E und er their contract with EPA .
A. Site Description and Background
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Between June and August 1978, &vet 3'0-;000 gallous ~ Polychlorinated
biphenyl (PCB) were dumped along 210 mil es of roadway i n North Carolina.
These contaminated areas (Fig. 1) were discovered in at least 14 count ies
and on remote roads of the Fort Bragg Military Reservation. The affected
counti es i nclude:
Alamance
Chatham
Edgecombe
Franklin
Granville
Halifax
Harnett
Johnston
Lee
Nash
Person
Wake
Warren
Wilson
Temporary remedial meas ures, which consist ed of spraying the sites wi th
activated carbon and a thin asphalt , were implemented by the State as an
attempt to preve nt PCB migration and to neutralize the hazard to humans.
Extensive sampling studies were cond uc ted by EPA-SAD and North Carolina
State investigators during 1978 and 1979. However, no additional sampling
o r testing has occurred in the past two years, and r esults from recent
field reconnaissance t rips sugges t the possibility that migration may have
occurred.
B. Purpose of Stu<ly
This study will tes t the null hypothesis that PCB is presently immobilized
at the ori g inal dump site s. The presence of PCB at a statistica lly
significant number of off-sit e locations will result in rejection of this
hypothesis. If the r e sults of the study indicate PCR migration , modeling
of distribution and concentration patterns for extrapolat ion to
geologically and topog raphically similar areas will be attempted .
LOCATION MAP
11111111 PC B SPILLS
FIGURE I
0 ~ •O 20 { ■ ■ WWl*WS
SCAi.( OF MILES
30
'
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. . . ' II. SCOPE
A. Reconnaissanc e Survey
A reconnaissance survey will be conducted to delineate detailed sampling
points at each of 30 s ample locations , .at Fort Bragg military facility, and
at three locations where no PCB spills have been recorded (Fig. 2).
B. Sampling Study
Sampling teams from E&E accompanied by State and EPA representatives will
collect samples at each of the sampling sites. These samples will be
. analyzed for PCB concentrations .
~ M~~/MVM Af Zo
l.~ Surface samples will be col lected and analyzed at each sample site to
determine if lateral surface migration of PCB contaminated soil,
s iment or carbon has occ~rred. Areal distribution patterns co mmon
to areas with similar geologic or topographic characte,ristics 111a_y be
de 1 i neated. Ho12.E S~M PLf;S 'HAY '2.E" TAt:.EN f\'r 'S rf8:, ~ w+:\£2.E
-.:> N (_l)M~L\2f-. ToPc~Q.~fl-tW,~l, t:I.ND bB:Wbt<...A.C.... f'~1\)'€6 ,:;..~ ::l:::NC..Ou/lJ'fb2?{) o ~;>i>Q..t>V~'-
2 . A core sample will be collected and analyzed at each location in an
ef,fort to determine whether possible vertical migra tion of PCB has
occurred .~ithologic or structural paths of migration may be
determined . To'E S~"MPJ.€ w'il\ 5c A CoMfDSJiE~ ~WI-P/..E f,zoM b'1 1"0
1~11 ,-o ~~~'r in~ I fO"OT U::.'\/El-,
C. Statistical Analyses
Statistical manipulations will be performed on the results of the
laboratory analyses, and models depicting PCB mov ement may be constructed
for extrapolation to similar areas along the 210 miles of roadway that will
not be sampled .,during this study.
D. Report Preparation
1 . Deliverables will be a draft report, and a final report of work to EPA
and North Carolina State representatives .
mLE 2. ~Reports will include sampling site ma ps, analytical results,
statistical analyses, distribution and concentration maps, models (if
appropriate), cone lus ions , and recommendations for follow-up work.
III . RECONNAISSANCE SURVEY
A reconnaissance team, which wi 11 consist of E&E geological and envi ronmental
personnel, accompanied by North Carolin?t.!State and EPA r ep resentatives will . . h f 3 0 1 . h IL 1',-s(:)O ~l ~-d f . . 1 1 . v1s1t eac o ocat1ons tat were.se ecte as part o a stat1st1ca samp 1ng
study from along the 210 miles of roadway spill. In addition, a PCB spill
location on Fort Bragg property and one location in each of the three
physiographic provinces (Piedmont, Coastal Plain, and Triassic Basin), on which
no PCB spills were recorded, will be included in this survey.
Off-site areas, adjacent to each of the 30 spill locations and the Fort Bragg
location, that present the greatest probability (based on geoJo.8J~BEb and1 topographical criteria) of trapping PCB-contaminated runoff!~n 11'7:ie sMJ/ted
for a detailed sampling study. These general areas will be delineated on
sketch maps, and a site center marker established and flagged for the teams
that will conduct the sample collection.
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LOCATION MAP
PCB SPILLS Htl
FIGURE 2 RAG G SAMPL ES . ND FT . B ®· CONTROL ~LE LOCATIONS 0 _ JO S .Jo
;,..o
Samples from the 30 s pill locations will provide data for the statistical
study. Samples f rom the three "non-spi 11 locations" wi 11 provide background
control, and the Fort Bragg samples will provide data on the government
property.
Results of the reconnaissance survey will be reviewed, upon completion and
prior to commencement of the sampling study, by EPA, E&E, and State
representatives.
IV. SAMPLING STUDY
A. Field Schedule
Following the site reconnaissance, the remainder of the field work will be
conducted using two crews of three persons each. The crews wi 11 work out
of the Ecology and Environment step vans. One crew will be used to conduct
the site survey which will consist of locating the site center marker
installed by the reconnaissance team, preparing the detailed site sketch
and locating and marking the exact location of the s ampling points.
Permission to sample privately owned land will be obtained by the State of
North Carolina prior to departure of this team. The second crew will
follow the first crew and will collect the samples, prepare the necessary
documentation and ship the samples to the laboratory.
The use of two separate crews will reduce the possibility of cross
contamination of the samples in that the amount of on-site work and time on
the site will be reduced to a minimal. The use of two field crews will
also increase the efficiency of the field work.
able to complete the sampling of eight sites per
all of the samp.les for this study should require
B. Personnel Assignments
Two field crews should be
week. The collection of
approximately one month.
The following personnel will be used 1n this investigation:
Charles Lee -Project Officer
Charles Wilson -Site Survey Team Chief
Gene Oliver -Sampling Team Chief
Roger Franklin -Site Survey Team Member
Chris Leggett -Site Survey Team Member
Neal Strickland -Sampling Team Member
Jack Scott -Sampling Team Member
V. STATISTICAL ANALYSES
According to the Central Limit Theorem of Statistics (Parsons, 1974), for a
sample size of 30 or more, the statistical sampling distribution that results
will be close to normally distributed regardless of the shape of the original
universe from which the samples were taken. A normal distribution is totally
described if the mean and standard deviation of the distribution are known.
Therefore, although geologically-related universes are commonly log-normally
distributed, data from 30 sampling locations can be treated as if they are
normally distributed to obtain mean and standard deviation using standard
statistical equations. From these data, confidence interval estimates of the
-5-
universe mean value for PCB concentrations throughout the entiure 210 miles of
spill can be mad e. In addition, confidence stat eme nts can be made concerning
the amount of variance between the universe and sampling statistic.
VI. REPORT PREPARATION
Following receipt of analytical results from the laboratory, a draft report,
which will include a description and summary of the field work, maps, and PCB
analytical results will be submitted by E&E to EPA and North Carolina State
representatives. Rased on these data, personnel from E&E, EPA, and the State
will meet to discuss conclusions, recolT[llendations, and potential follow-up
studies.
At the conclusion of these meetings, when the parties are 1n agreement, a
second draft and a final report will be prepared by E&E for EPA and State
representatives that includes description and summary of field work, maps,
analytical results, statistical analytical results, distribution and
concentration maps, models (if appropriate), conclusions, and recommendations
for follow-up studies.
VII. METHODOLOGY
A. Methodology for Sample Location Selection
7 .
B.
From the Emergency Action Plan (Lee, 16 February 1981, Table 1 p. 11-12)
all spill locations were selected from which analyses indicate PCB values
greater than or equal to 50 ppm. Consecutive numb ers were assigned to each
of these spill locations and thirty locations were selected using random
number tables. These locations were plotted on maps that appear as
Appendix C.
One location in each of th e three physiographic provinces (Coastal Plain,
Piedmont, and Triassic Rasin) where no PCB spill is known, and one location
on the Fort Bragg Military Reservation will be selected for sampling and
analysis. The results of the "non-spill location" analyses will provide
control data only, and will not be included in the stat istical study .
Analyses from samples taken at Fort Bragg will provide data on the military
facility and also will not be included in the statistics. How1=.vt:)l, cc~,-JbN
C>~ Inf:. -foe.I &r<.~QQ SAM'Pl.€ ~~ r,;::i."f"'A lNl°'IVI ?i"Y\;e 5Th1'151lc.AL. HOT>El.. ('tl-A.Qi'Q .. tr<>Q:10.."1'E) MA'f e,i::: ·~!>l:C"9 llfo-o(1P,~I!!. ,..,A,.,, (3E t;e4='o~e'O A map of all the sample locations is included as Figure 2.
Site Survey Methodology
Each of the individual sampling locations will have been identified and
marked by the reconnaissance team. The survey team will establish the
exact location of each individual sampling point . A steel rod will be
installed approximately six inches below the soil surface at each sampling
point so that a metal detector can be used to reloc ate this point in t he
future should this be necessary.
Each of the sampling points will be referenced to
distances and angles. The topography and geology
the number of samples to be collected. Each site
than 20 samples½;> Upstream and downstream samples
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the site center marker by
of each site will dictate
will consist of no more
from those sites having
~ v',e.e-o 1)1.)f" -ro COl"t°'P~
~il-E -ti." Prlt>'{E£> B'1 c?A
streams will be collected by EPA, Surveillance and Analysis Division.
Surface sampl es will be collected at all locati o~s with the exception of
one point on the shoulder of . the road in wh i c~~A ~l/,"tt sample wi 11 be 11~~ II II I collected ~ a depth of 0F1e fo81... {. sA?<JO I 13 ,o 12.d'~E::NT 7'nf" ) LEc.L •
Sufficient sampling points will be selected to fully determine the
migration of PCB from the site. Each of these points will be marked with a
steel rod and will be referenced to the site center marker. A detailed
sketch will be prepared for each sampling location which will show the
location of each sampling point. A hypothetical sampling location is shown
as Figure 3. The site sketch will be augmented with photographs of each
location.
C. Sampling Methodology
The collect1on of samples and all field ~easurements involved in this field
investigation will be conducted in accordance with the Standard Operating
Procedures and Quality Assurance Manual (Draft), August 29, 1980 as
published by the Region IV Surveillance and Analysis Division of the U.S .
Environmental Protection Agency. The following is an outline of those
procedures to be used in the collection of samples for this investigation.
Soil samples will be collected at the surface leve l throughout the sampling
site to determine lateral migration of the PCB. The ground cover will be
removed from the sampling point and the exposed soil will be collected
using a clean stainless steel spoon or spatula. One sampling location on
the shoulde:c: of thejioad wt· 11 then.~ sampled between a depth of 611 and f8" . io ~t:PJ2.J:.-Se-rr-E. I ooT /..1:_V , . . inches. An iron ro will e place in the hole to mark the sampling point
and the hole will be filled .
Positive steps will be taken to prevent cross-contamination of the samples.
The sample containers will be new one quart g lass containers which have
been rinsed twice with pesticide grade petroleum ether and allowed to dry.
After the sample has been collecte d, the sample container will be sealed in
a polyethylene bag. All equipment used in the collection of the sample ~NC.,\..vOE
will be cleaned with detergent and water, rins<:_d with pesticide grade_ lAH\_,..T"'
acetone and rinsed again with distilled water.)( Other steps wi 11 include w,\\ ~
the use of disposable coveralls, booties and gloves which wi 11 he changed l:ib'!e: W))½ · .., lb1J • between sampling sites. Those samples expected to have the least amount of Sbh>Tlbi,:
PCB contamination, due to location and proximity to initial spill, will be
collected before those expected to have a greater degree of contamination .
D. Chain-of-Custody Methodology
After each of the samples has been collected, it will be tagged with a
serialized tag to insure proper identification. The sample will then be
sealed with a signed and dated custody seal which wi ll he broken only by
the analytical laboratory. A serialized chain-of-custody record form will
accompany the sample to the analytical laboratory. Appendix A contains
examples of the sample tag, and the chain-of-custody record form along with
instructions for their use.
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PEBBLE
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FLAT PLAIN
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HIGHWAY CUT
. PRIVATE DRIVE -MR. JOHN SMITH
HYPOTHETICAL SAMPLING SITE
FIGURE 3
VIII. SAMPLE ANALYSIS
Due to the large number of samples re quired to complete this study, the samples
may have to be split between two or more analytical la bo ratories. A portion of
these samples may be sent to laboratories under existing contracts with EPA.
Additional laboratory capacity may have to be obtained via contract with other
private laboratories.
A quality assurance program will have to be developed by the Laboratory
Services Branch of the Surveillance and Analysis Division, EPA. The quality
assurance program will be developed based on the number of laboratories
required to analyze the samples.
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APPENDIX A
SAMPLE DOCUMENTATION
SAMPLE TAG
1. Leave Project Code Blank
2. Sampling Site No. 1346-E-00-0
Where: 1346 -State Road Number
E -East Side of Road
00 -Sampling Site Number
0 -Sample Station Number
3. Location of Sampling Station, i.e.,
115 SE, which desi gnates 115 feet southeast of cent e r marker
4. Date sample was collected
5. Military time sample was collected
6. Signatures of two (2) samples
7. Check type of samples
8. Sample tag number must be entered on field sheet
9. Leave Blank
10. Indicate sampl e is soil or sediment. Also indicat e whether the sample was
collected on -site or off-site. Record HWS I (Hazardo us Was t e Site
Investigation).,
11. Indicate analysis, i.e., PCB 1260
12. Do not check these blocks
13. Indicate sample has not been preserved
14. N/ A
Project Code
..... .,
Station Local,on
Month/Day/Yea, Designate:
Comp. Grab
Samplers (S,,;n.ituresl
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UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
REGION 4
Surveillance and Analysis Division
College Station Road
Athens, Georgia 30308
&EPA
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CHAIN OF CUSTODY RECORD
1. Leave project number blank
2 . Record N.C . PCB Spill: Not sample location
3. Signatures of two (2) samplers
4. Record type of sample container, i.e ., one quart glass-soil
5. Indicate site number:
Sampling Site No . 1346-E-00-0
Where: 1346 -State Road Number
E -East side of road
00 -Sampling site number
0 -Sample station number
6. Record date sample was collected
7. Record'military time sample was collected
8 . Leave Blank
9 . Check if sample was a grab
10. Write description of sample collection location, 1.e., 115 SE, which
designates 115 feet southeast of center marker
11. Record number o·f sample containers
12 . Record number of each type container
13. Record tag numbers of samples and any special warning to lab concerning
samples
14. Record the name of the persons relinquishing custody of the samples
15. Date samples were relinquished
16. Military time samples were relinquished
17. Sugnature of person receiving samples. If the Federal Express agent will
not sign the form, record "Federal Express" and the airbi 11 number.
18. Signature of laboratory personnel receiving samples
19. Re cord any remarks concerning custody of samples
,IRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY Survlllllance and Analysis Division CHAIN OF CUSTODY RECORD 1ROJ. NO. PROJECT NAME 0 0 NO. 'v1PLERS'. (Signature) 0 OF .. 4 CON· 0: co TAINERS .\.NO. DATE TIME ~ <( STATION LOCATION 0 a: -u (.:l ~5) (6 (7) ra~ \. ') 19 \. 10) 01) G2) . ' ) nquished by: (Signature) Date / Time Received by: (Signature) Relinquished by: (Signature) e @ @ ® nquished by: (Signature) Date / Time Received by: (Signature) Relinquished by: (Signature) nquished by: (Signature) Date / Time Received for Laboratory by: Date /Time Remarks (Signatur8) @ Distribution: Original Accompanies Shipment; Copy to Coordinator Field Files . Q3 Date / Time Date /Time I @ REGION 4 College Station Ro~d · Athens, Georgia 30613 REMARKS . n .. ~ 77. ~1' I Received by: (Signaturo) Received by: (Signature) " f") f"'\ -1 .
APPENDIX B
SAFETY PLAN
ECOLOGY & ENVIRONMENT, INC. FIELD INVESTIGATION TEAM
SITE SAFETY PLAN
DATE: October 9, 1981
SITE: N.C. PCB Spills PREPARER: C. H. Wilson
LOCATION: Durham, N.C. Vicinity TDD NO.: F4-8109-02
INVESTIGATIVE OBJECTIVE(S): To determine mi grat ion of PCR from N.C. Highways ---------'------------------'----"---------PROPOSED DATE OF INVESTIGATION: undertermined _B_A_C_K-GR-OU_N_D_R_E_V_I_E_W_: ___ C_O_MP_L_E_T_E_ (] · PRELIMINARY □ --------------
DOCUMENTATION/ SUMMARY: OVERALL HAZARD SERIOUS □ MODERATE_[] UNKNOWN □
SITE/WASTE CHARACTERISTICS
WASTE TYPE(S): LIQUID(] SOLID SLUDGE □ GAS □
CHARACTERISTIC(S): CORROSIVE IGNITABLE □ RADIOACTIVE □ VOLATILE □
TOXIC (] REACTIVE UNKNOWN □ OTHER □
FACILITY DESCRIPTION: SIZE 210 miles of highway BUILDINGS none -----------TOPOGRAPHY varies -generally rolling
PRINCIPAL DISPOSAL METHOD (type and location) ....,..-,-------,-----,,------,-illegal dumping of PCB along highway shoulder
.UNUSUAL FEATURES (dike integrity, power lines , terrain, etc.)
STATUS (open, closed, unknown)
HISTORY (worker or non-worker injury; complaints from public; previous agency action):
No cleanup actiorr has been initiated on the site
No reports of health problems or in jury are on file
HAZARD EVALUATION
PCB (Aroclor-1260) was illegally dumped on the shoulder of 210 miles of N.C.
Highways in 1978. The PCB was covered with a layer of activated carbon and liquid
asphalt to control migration, however, all visible signs of this covering are gone .
The site was sampled by the State of N.C . and the U.S.EPA.
Disposal booties, Tyvek coveralls and disposable gloves will be used by sampling
personnel to prevent cross-contamination of samples. This level of protection is
adequate to protect personnel as PCR has only a moderate toxic effect via oral and
dermal routes. Personnel are to avoid contact with contaminated areas.
WORK PLAN INSTRUCTIONS
I. PERIMETER ESTABLISHMENT: MAP/SKETCH ATTACHED □ SITE CONTROL □
PUBLIC PERIMETER IDENTIFIED □ ZONE (S) OF CONTAMINATION IDENTIFIED □
NOTES: Maps/sketchs to be prepared during field reconnaissance ~ND
6 r1 Ci::. S\JQ.-.f £'1
I I. PERSONAL CLOTH ING:
LEVEL OF PROTECTION: A □ B □ C □ D []
MODIFICATIONS: Disposable boo ties , Tyvek cove ralls and dispo sable gl oves to be
worn and changed between sampling sites
SURVEILLANCE EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS: Clhuio11slv c<JJ;1tBffliPiatcd disr,@~P.ls-
-elsthiR~ uill 's e l;)urle<J QR site . All other disposable clothing will be
collected and will be di sposed of at the conclusion of the s tudy. Tu~~t;;:
III. DECONTA.~INATION PROCEDURES:
HOT LINE LOCATI ON (initial): N/A ~--~---------------------COMMAND POST LOCATION (initial): N/A -----------------------PD S STATIONS: 1. _________ 2.
3. --------~-4. --------5. EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS/SPECIAL FACILITIES: b-()\~IN 1,v\-\t..r w,\\ &£
PONE w,~ 't> I ~~t>~S\~LE C.Lt)"'\Y'IINg '\NO D' C.pl\J So\uT ~oN .S
IV. SITE ENTRY PROCE DURES :
V.
TE AM SIZE: E & E 3 ea EPA STATE 7 .. OTHER ---ENTRY BRIEFING (date)
STATION DESIGNATION (name/responsibility): 1. Chuck Lee -Project Officer
2. C.H. Wilson -Te am Leader 3. Gene Oliver, Team Leader -----~---------------4. Roger Franklin -Team Member 5. Jack Scott, Team Member -------'-----------------6. Chris Leggett, Team Member 7. Nea l Strickland, Team Member ---------'--------------WORK SCHEDULE/LIMITATIONS: none -------'----------------------
NOTES:
EMERGENCY PRECAUTI ONS :
ACTIVE EXPOSURE SYMPTOMS
1. Chloracne
2. Nausea -Vomiting
3. Loss of weight
4. e dema
5. Abdominal Pain
6. OTHER
HOSPITALS/POISON CONTROL CENTERS (address, t ele ph one no.)
1. Duke University Medical Center, Durham, N.C. 684-8111
2.
3.
4.
5.
FIRST AID
Remov e personnel
from site -
Take to Hospital
EMERGENCY TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS (fire, police, ambulance)
1. Durham Police Department 688-8251
2. Durham Fire Department 683-4242
3. Duke University Medical Center Ambulance 684-8111
VI. EMERGENCY ROUTES
1. Markam Avenue to Duke Street, West on Chapel Hill Street to University Grounds
2.
3.
4.
SCBA □
APR □
CYLINDERS □
CARTRIDGES □
EXPLOS IMETER □
02 INDICATOR □
DRAEGER PUMP □ TUBES □
RADIATION SURVEY METER □
RADIATION CONTAMINATION METER □
Approved by~FITL
/J-/ OC.T/f'r/
EQUIPMENT CHECKOUT
EYE WASH UNIT[]
FIRST AID KIT []
DRINKING WATER SUPPLY □
PERSONAL CLOTHING (]
DECONTAMINATION MATERIALS □
ORGANIC VAPOR ANALYZER □
OTHER □
APPENDIX C
MAPS OF SAMPLE
LOCATIONS
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