NCD991278540_19950630_Weyerhaeuser Company_FRBCERCLA PA SI_Site Inspection Prioritization-OCR

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State of North Carolina
Department of Environment,
Health and Natural Resources
Division of Solid Waste Management
James B. Hunt, Jr., Governor
Jonathan B. Howes, Secretary
William L. Meyer, Director
Ms. Cynthia Gurley
NC CERCLA Project Officer
June 30, 1995
US EPA Region IV Waste Division, 6th Floor
345 Courtland Street, NE
Atlanta, GA 30365
Subject: Site Inspection Prioritization
Weyerhauser Co./Plymouth (NCD 991 278 540)
Plymouth, Martin County, NC
Dear Ms. Gurley:
This report contains the findings of the Site Inspection Prioritization of the Weyerhauser
Co. /Plymouth site (NCD 991 278 540), located on State Road 1565, Plymouth, Martin County,
North Carolina.
The Weyerhauser Co. site is an active wood and paper products manufacturing facility
located on State Road 1565 in Plymouth, Martin County, NC. Weyerhauser has been in operation
at this site since 1957 when the company merged with the Kieckhefer-Eddy Co. who began
operations at the site in 1937. The paper bleaching operation began at the site in the mid-1940's.
The Wood Products Division of Weyerhauser produces finished lumber and plywood from raw
pine and hardwoods. Since 1979, Weyerhauser has been treating lumber with a chromated copper
arsenate process that produces approximately 2200 pounds of treatment sludge per month. A
collection system is used to capture excess treatment solution and sludge which is then shipped off-
site to a RCRA disposal facility.
A mercury cell chlorine plant was operational at the site from approximately 1952 to 1965.
Spent graphite electrodes and marble cells, having absorbed mercury during the. chlorine
production process, were disposed of in an on-site landfill with other mill wastes. The exact
quantity of mercury disposed of during this period is unknown. However, Weyerhauser Co.
estimates range from 60 pounds to 11,000 pounds of mercury. A series of U-drains in the floor
of the building collected spilled process fluid and directed it toward a collection sump which in
tum discharged to a drainage trench that emptied into the Roanoke River. The chlorine production
building was demolished in 1987; approximately 3,100 tons of mercury contaminated soil and
debris was removed to the GSX hazardous waste landfill in Pinewood, South Carolina. The area
of the former building was then backfilled with clean fill and capped with asphalt pavement.
P.O. Box 27687. Raleigh. North Carolina 27611-7687 Telephone [phone] FAX [phone]
An Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer 50% recycled/ 10% post-consumer paper
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Ms. Gurley
June 30, 1995
Page2
Mercury contaminated soils remain in place at a depth of approximately 4.5 feet below land
surface due to a high water table. Three shallow (12 ft) monitoring wells were constructed in a
triangular pattern around the area of the former chlorine building. Groundwater from the
monitoring well between the former building and the river consistently reveals elevated levels of
mercury. A background monitoring well is free of mercury contamination.
Process wastewater from the paper products division was originally discharged directly to
the Roanoke River. During the period between the early 1960's and 1988, all industrial
wastewater was discharged directly into Welch Creek. Since 1968, all industrial wastewater
except cooling water has been treated at an on-site secondary treatment facility. Prior to 1988,
wastewater from the retention pond was discharged to Welch Creek. The Weyerhauser Paper
Company currently holds an NPDES Permit(# 0000680) to discharge treated wastewater, non-
contact cooling water, and storm water runoff to the Roanoke River . Under the permit,
Weyerhauser has a discharge limit of 1.3 pg/I of dioxin and is required to sample its effluent
quarterly. Weyerhauser's original NPDES Permit was issued in 1975.
In 1985, a Site Inspection was conducted by the North Carolina Solid and Hazardous
Waste Management Branch/CERCLA Unit. No sampling was conducted during the Site
Inspection. A fish consumption advisory has been issued by the NC Division of Environmental
Management for the Roanoke River and Welch Creek based on fish tissue samples collected in
1988 exhibiting high dioxin concentrations.
Sampling for the Weyerhauser Co. SIP (June 19-20, 1995) focused on sediment and
surface water samples collected from the Roanoke River which is a closed fishery and has
significant wetland surface water pathway frontage. Sediment and surface water samples were
also be collected from Welch Creek. An off-site drinking water sample was collected from the
nearest residential well located at the James Johnson residence; an on-site drinking water sample
was collected from Weyerhauser well #13. All samples were analyzed under the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Contract Laboratory Program (CLP). No further
waste/source sampling was performed at the facility during the SIP.
Prior sampling data indicates that the shallow groundwater aquifer and subsurface soils
under the former chlorine production building have been impacted by a release of mercury.
Elevated levels of dioxin have also been found in fish tissue samples collected below Weyerhauser
discharge points. The laboratory analytical data for samples collected during the SIP has not been
received. Once all the data is available, it will be used to assess the threat posed to human health
and the environment, and a recommendation as to the need for additional CERCLA/SARA or
other appropriate action will be made.
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Ms. Gurley
June 30, 1995
Page 3
If you have any questions, please feel free to contact me at [phone].
Sincerely,
<!:~cr(f2~d
G. Doug Rumford
Hydrogeologist
NC Superfund Section
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SITE INSPECTION PRIORITIZATION
Weyerhauser Co./Plymouth Wood Treating
NCD 991 278 540
Plymouth, Martin County, North Carolina
Reference No. 03156
June 1995
Superfund Section
Division of Solid Waste Management
North Carolina Department of Environment, Health
and Natural Resources
Prepared by:
~ A D, RivL/
George D. Rumford
Hydrogeologist
~ _J
Pat DeRosa
CERCLA Branch Head
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STATE OF
NORTIHI CAROLINA
Department of Environment, Health,
and Natural Resources
Division of Solid Waste Management
Supe,jund Section
SITE INSPECTION PRIORITIZATION
Weyerhauser Co./Plymouth Wood Treating
NCD 991 278 540
Plymouth, Martin County, North Carolina
Reference No. 03156
June 1995
George D. Rumford
Hydrogeologist
Division of Solid Waste Management
Superfund Section
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2.0 SITE DESCRIPTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2 .1 Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2.2 Site Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2.3 Operational History and Waste Characteristics ................ 4
3.0 WASTE/SOURCE SAMPLING ............................. 7
4.0 GROUND WATER PATHWAY ............................ 8
4.1 Hydrogeology ..................................... 8
4.2 Groundwater Targets ................................. 9
4.3 Sample Locations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
4.4 Analytical Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
4.5 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
5.0 SURFACE WATER PATHWAY ........................... 12.
5.1 Hydrologic Setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
6.0 SOIL EXPOSURE AND AIR PATHWAYS .................... 16
6.1 Physical Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
6.2 Soil and Air Targets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
6.3 Sample Locations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
6.4 Analytical Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
6.5 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
7.0 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS ......................... 17
PHOTOGRAPHS
REFERENCES
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LIST OF TABLES
TABLE 1. Sample Locations and Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
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FIGURE 1
FIGURE2
FIGURE3
FIGURE4
FIGURES
FIGURE 6
LIST OF FIGURES
Topographic Map and Site Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Site Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Weyehaeuser Forest Producst Company Site Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Water Treatment System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Surface Water Pathway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Sample Locations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
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1.0 INTRODUCTION
Under the authority of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and
Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA) and the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of
1986 (SARA), the North Carolina Superfund Section conducted a Site Inspection Prioritization
(SIP) of the Weyerhauser Co./Plymouth (NCD 991278 540) (WCP) facility in Plymouth, Martin
County, North Carolina. The purpose of this investigation was to update information on
conditions at the Weyerhauser site. Information regarding potentially impacted populations and
sensitive environments not documented in the original Site Inspection report, March 21, 1986, was
also updated. This data was used to assess the threat posed to human health and the environment
and to determine the need for additional CERCLA/SARA or other appropriate action. The scope
of the Site Inspection Prioritization included review of available file information, a revised target
survey, on-site reconnaissance (August 22, 1994), on and off-site sampling (June 19&20, 1995);
and a more thorough evaluation of the surface water pathway.
2.0 SITE DESCRIPTION, OPERATIONAL IDSTORY, AND WASTE
CHARACTERISTICS
2.1 Location
The Weyerhauser Co. facility is located in a suburban area of Plymouth, NC on State Road
1565, approximately 1.5 miles west of the downtown district. The site is located at 35° 51' 47" North
Latitude and 76° 46' 46.5" West Longitude (Refs. l; 2). The 2-year, 24-hour rainfall is approximately
4 inches (Ref 3). Normal annual total precipitation in this area is 50 inches. Mean annual lake
. evaporation in this area is 41 inches, yielding a net annual rainfall of 9 inches (Ref 4).
The area is characterized by a flat, low lying topography with elevation increasing south of
the facility. The elevation of the facility is 5 feet above mean sea level (MSL). The surrounding areas
range in elevation from 5 feet above MSL to 15 feet above MSL within a 1 mile radius of the site
(Fig. 1).
2.2 Site Description
The Weyerhauser Co. site is an active manufacturing facility located on State Road 1565 in
Plymouth, Martin County, NC. There are two operational divisions at the facility, the pulp and paper
products division and the forest products division. The facility consists of several buildings,
warehouses, kilns, boilers, storage areas, and milling equipment utilized in the production of paper
and finished lumber products. The total combined area of the site is approximately 2400 acres (Figs.
l; 2). Access to the facility from State Road 1565 is restricted by two guarded gatehouses; a fence
surrounds the perimeter of the pulp and paper mill. Access to the site from the south is only
restricted by woodlands and from the east by Welch Creek (Refs. 6, p.1; 43). The mill is bounded to
the north by the Roanoke River, to the east by Welch Creek and suburban areas of Plymouth, to the
west by wetlands, and to the south by rural and undeveloped woodland (Fig. 1 ).
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fig. 2 W eycrhauscr Pul Weyer/taus.er C p and Paper Div s·
•Rcceiv~C8~ 991 278 50.j~ Plymouth, M;n::ecLayout
Not lo S I 22/94 from W aunty, NC ca e eyerhauser Co
l'il,erlmeuser r.!per <Jllll[YJJ~'
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The site is primarily covered with asphalt although some sections are hard packed dirt and
gravel or grass covered (Ref 6, pp.1,3,4; Photos). The site borders the city limits of the City of
Plymouth. The nearest school, Plymouth High School, is located approximately 2.5 mile east of the
site (Fig. 1 ). The nearest off-site residence is located approximately 1 mile southeast of the paper
products facility (Fig. 1). There are approximately 6661 residents within a 4-mile radius of the site
(Refs. 37; 39).
2.3 Operational History and Waste Characteristics
Weyerhauser has been in operation at this site since 1957 when the company merged with
the Kieckhefer-Eddy Co. (Ref 5). The Kieckhefer-Eddy Co., which began operations at the site in
1937, also manufactured wood pulp. The paper bleaching operation began at the site in the mid-
1940's (Ref 43). Current operations at the facility include those of the Weyerhauser Paper Company
and the Weyerhauser Forest Products Division. The Weyerhauser Paper Co. produces wood pulp,
finished paper, and paperboard (Ref 8; Fig. 2). The Forest Products Division of Weyerhauser
produces finished lumber and plywood from raw pine and hardwoods (Ref 9; Fig. 3).
Since 1979, the forest products division has been treating lumber with a chromated copper
arsenate process that produces approximately 1500 pounds of treatment sludge per quarter (Refs.
6, p.5; 9). No wood treating took place prior to 1979 and no creosote or pentachlorophenol has been
used in the wood treating process. Wood treatment sludges have not been disposed of on-site. A
sealed drip pad with collection system is used to capture excess treatment solution and sludge which
is then shipped off-site to a RCRA disposal facility (Refs. 6, p.4; 9). The entire treatment area is
covered with a roof structure to reduce surface water runoff (Ref 6, p.4; Photos). In January of
1995, the RCRA classification for the Weyerhauser Forest Products Division was changed from
small quantity generator to large quantity generator (Refs. 7; 10).
A mercury cell chlorine production plant was operational at the paper company facility from
approximately 1952 to 1965 (Ref 6, p.l; Fig. 4). Spent graphite electrodes and marble cells, having
absorbed mercury during the chlorine production process, were routinely disposed of in an on-site
landfill with other mill wastes (Ref 14). The tanks and process vessels were removed from the
building in 1979 and disposed ofin the on-site landfill (Refs. 12; 14). The exact quantity of mercury
disposed of during this period is unknown. However, Weyerhauser Co. estimates range from 60
pounds to 11,000 pounds of mercury (Refs. 11, p.5; 12; 13). A series ofU-drains in the floor of the
building collected spilled process fluid and directed it toward a collection sump which in turn
discharged to a drainage trench that emptied into the Roanoke River (Refs 6, p. l; 15, p.2-1).
The chlorine production building was demolished in 1987; approximately 1300 tons of
mercury contaminated soil and debris was removed to the GSX hazardous waste landfill in Pinewood,
South Carolina (Refs. 6, p. l; 15, pp.3-2, 4-1). The concrete building slab was demolished and
removed in 1992; the U-drain from the building to the river bank was also removed (Ref -15, pp.4-2,
4-4). Mercury contaminated soil beneath the slab was also excavated to a depth of 4.5 feet. All
excavated areas of the former building were then backfilled with clean sand fill, graded to match
existing surface elevation, and a surface runoff collection system was installed. The area was then
capped with asphalt pavement (Ref 15, p.4-7).
4
I a g 0 0 • F~\ I I Fig. 3 I I I I ' """' L".'.'.._J IAINT • TRAINING t(NTER F □REST PR□DUCTS IY'rJCE s--____l ~.I cl]'" II II II -1-~, ,cc / I c=i J KlU<I N□BILE (OPT IANKS ao.iooilAu.biiOmcl ,_ ,.., .................. , ·-· l,I000,U0,Hf>AAU.!CO!L Weyerhauser Forest Products Div. Site Layout Weyerhauser Co .• Plymouth, Martin County, NC NCD 991 278 5·10 [J _J'"T;flC Tl1]W.INGS--I -STOR~GE L...J I ,, NEIi LOG Sl~-'GE SPILL PROENTl□N CONTR□L ~, CtllJNTER~EASURC P'I."" , ... l @ tj • © 0 D ~WAS!( @j)UHOG ' l ~ AMBULANCE PICKUP ST AT IONS rIRE HYDRANT TELEPHONE f!RE EXTINGUISHER ABOVE GROUND STORM DITCHES UNDERGROUND PIPES CATCH BASIN COMPLEX MAP W0ERHA[USER ;□•EST ••□WC!i CC,.P•N• "1.•M[l[J!H, N0RlH CARaL.INA
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· A total of3,130 tons of debris was transported to the GSX landfill for disposal (Ref. 15, p.4-
6). The area of excavation and subsurface soil sampling points/mercury concentrations are illustrated
in Figure 8 ofReference 15.
In 1987, three shallow (12 ft) monitoring wells, located in a triangular pattern around the area
of the former chlorine building, were constructed at the site. Groundwater from the two wells
between the former building and the river consistently reveal elevated levels of mercury; mercury
has not been detected in the background well (#3). Monitoring well #3 was abandoned when the
railroad tracks surrounding it were removed (Refs. 6, p.2; 15, pp.2-2, 6-4, fig. 3; 16).
Process wastewater from the paper products division was originally discharged directly to the
Roanoke River. During the period between the early l 960's and 1988, all industrial wastewater was
discharged directly into Welch Creek. Since 1968, all industrial wastewater except cooling water
has been treated at an on-site secondary treatment facility. Wastewater is directed to two settling
ponds where solids are allowed to settle out and removed. Wastewater is then sent to an aeration
basin and finally to a serpentine retention pond approximately 750 acres in size. Prior to 1.988,
wastewater from the retention pond was discharged to Welch Creek (Refs. 6, p.3; 20, p.97; Fig. 4).
The Weyerhauser Paper Company currently holds an NPDES Permit (# 0000680) to discharge
treated wastewater, non-contact cooling water, and storm water runoff to the Roanoke River. Under
the permit, Weyerhauser has a discharge limit of 1.3 pg/I of dioxin and is required to sample its
effluent quarterly (Ref. 28). Weyerhauser's original NPDES Permit was issued in 1975 (Ref 43).
In 1985, a Site Inspection was conducted by the North Carolina Solid and Hazardous Waste
Management Branch/ CERCLA Unit. No sampling was conducted during the Site Inspection (Ref.
17). A fish consumption advisory has been issued by the NC Division of Environmental Management
for the Roanoke River and Welch Creek based on high dioxin concentrations in fish tissue samples
(Ref. 18, p.14; 19).
Sampling for the Weyerhauser Co. SIP (June 19-20, 1995) focused on sediment and surface
water samples collected from the Roanoke River which is a closed fishery and has significant wetland
surface water pathway frontage. Sediment and surface water samples were also be collected from
Welch Creek. An off-site drinking water sample was collected from the nearest residential well
located at the James Johnson residence; an on-site drinking water sample was collected from
Weyerhauser well #13 (Ref. 33). All samples were analyzed under the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) Contract Laboratory Program (CLP).
3.0 WASTE I SOURCE SAMPLING
Potential source areas at the WCP site include the mercury contaminated soil around and
. under the former chlorine production building, the inactive on-site landfill, the aeration basin/settling
ponds, and the drip pad area at the wood products division facility. Source samples were not
collected from the site during the Site Inspection of February 1985. A Final Closure Report of the
former chlorine production building was submitted to Weyerhauser Paper Company in October 1992.
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The report describes a source area approximately 313 0 cubic yards in volume, and sample
includes data for mercury contaminated soil (Ref I 5). No further waste/source sampling was
performed at the facility during the SIP. ·
4.0
4.1
GROUNDWATER PATHWAY
Hydrogeologic Setting
The Weyerhauser Co.-Plymouth facility is located within the Coastal Plain Physiographic
Province which is characterized by a flat landscape of coastal swamps and marshes grading to rolling
uplands along the inner margin of the region. The area is underlain by unconsolidated sediments that
consist principally of sand, silt, and clay. These sediments, originally deposited by streams from the
adjoining uplands, have a relatively uniform layering and dip orientation towards the coast. The
greatest thickness of these formations is along the seaward edge of the region (Refs. 21, p.52; 22,
p.23). The predominant formation type of this belt is the sandy, fossiliferous clay of the Yorktown
Formation (Ref 23). The Coastal Plain is covered with a layer of post-Yorktown age surficial
deposits that ranges in thickness from a few feet to about 30 feet.
Soils in the area of the site are primarily of the Craven fine sandy loam, Dorovan muck, and
Urban land soil series. The Craven soil series is moderately well drained and nearly level. Typically,
this soil has a dark grayish brown fine sandy loam surface layer 9 inches thick grading to a subsoil of
gray clay loam with red, yellow, and brown mottles to a depth of 67 inches. The Dorovan muck is
nearly level and very poorly drained; it is found in swampy areas near the Roanoke River. This soil
consists of brown to black muck to a depth of 65 inches grading to a gray sand. The areas mapped
as Urban land are areas where natural soils, landscapes, topography, and drainage have been greatly
altered (Ref 29, pp.13,15,24, sheet 9).
In the area of the Coastal Plain region where the site is located, the surficial deposits are
underlain by the confined Yorktown, Pungo, and Castle Hayne Aquifers (Refs. 24, p.70; 27, pp.24,
25). The extent of water withdrawal from the aquifers overlying the Castle Hayne in the vicinity of
the site is unknown; no groundwater targets were identified for aquifers other than the Castle Hayne.
The principal source of groundwater in the vicinity of the site is the confined Castle Hayne Aquifer
of the limestone, sandy limestone, and sand Castle Hayne Formation (Refs. 25, p.53; 26, p.330).
Recharge to the surficial aquifer is directly from precipitation. Recharge to the underlying
groundwater system occurs in the upland interstream areas where sand layers crop out (Refs. 22,
p.24; 27, p.14). Discharge from the system occurs by seepage to streams, estuaries, and the ocean.
Movement of water from recharge areas to discharge is controlled primarily by the hydraulic gradients
of the dipping beds (Refs. 21, p.52; 22, p.24).
Site-specific geologic data is not available, however, the Castle Hayne Aquifer is found in
Washington County at a depth ranging from about 120 feet in the western part of the county to about
400 feet in the eastern part (Ref 25, p.53). Water level readings collected from three shallow on-site
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groundwater monitoring wells revealed that groundwater occurs at the site at a depth between 4.5
to 6.0 feet below ground surface (Ref. 15, p. 2-2). The average hydraulic conductivity value for the
Castle Hayne Aquifer was estimated to range between approximately 15 ft/day to 200 ft/day
(5.3xl0·3 cm/sec to 7.lxl0·2 cm/sec)(Ref. 27, p.25). The average thickness~s for the confining units
of the Yorktown, Pungo, and Castle Hayne Aquifers are 25, 55, and 10 ft. respectively (Ref. 27,
pp.20,22,25). Vertical hydraulic conductivity values of the typical clay bed confining unit material
range from 6x10·• cm/sec to 2.35x10·11 cm/sec (Ref. 27, p.60).
4.2 Groundwater Targets
Most residents in the vicinity of the Weyerhauser facility are serviced by the municipal water
system of the City of Plymouth. The city system is supplied by four drilled wells ranging in depth
from approximately 115 to 185 feet and installed in 1964 (Ref. 30). The Plymouth system serves
approximately 4119 residents within the city limits and an other 1850 customers outside the city limits
who are serviced by the Washington County Water Department (Ref. 30). All four of the city wells
are located roughly 2.25 miles east of the site (Fig. !). Based on the depth of these wells, they are
likely screened in the Castle Hayne Aquifer (Ref. 25, p.53). The nearest residential well is located
at the James Johnson residence. This well is approximately I. I mile south of the site, is about 160
feet deep, and serves 4 residents (Ref. 6, p.6). The Johnson well is also likely screened in the Castle
Hayne Aquifer due to its depth (Ref. 25, p.53).
There are nine production wells in use over the. entire Weyerhauser facility. Drinking water
at both the paper mill and the wood products facility is supplied by these on-site wells (Refs. 6, p.4;
34). The three wells (#11, #12, #13) that supply the paper mill range in depth from 153 to 183 ft
bis and have pumping rates ranging from 590 to 726 gallons per minute (gpm) (Refs. 33, pp.4, 5;
34). There are no designated well head protection areas located within the 4-mile site radius (Ref.
32). The wells of the Plymouth water system were the only community wells identified within the
4-mile site radius. There are approximately 8733 groundwater users within the 4-mile radius of the
site (Ref. 35). A breakdown of the groundwater users per distance ring follows:
Distance Ring
0 -1/4 mi.
1/4 -1/2
1/2 - I
1-2
2-3
3-4
Total
9
Groundwater Pop.
178
356
1067
55
6394
683
8733
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4.3 Sample Locations
Two shallow groundwater monitoring wells are located between the former chlorine
production building and the Roanoke River. A third monitoring well, used for background
comparison, was abandoned when the railroad tracks surrounding it were removed. These well~
were last sampled in 1992 and were not resampled during the SIP (Ref. 15, pp. 6-4, 6-5, fig·.•3).
Four drinking water samples were collected paper mill water system by WCP in 1985. These
samples were collected from various personnel areas throughout the mill and submitted to WaterTest
Corp. for analysis. However these samples were only analyzed for select VOC's and inorganics (Ref.
31 ). During the SIP, the Weyerhauser production well # 13 was sampled directly at the well head
and a split sample was provided to Richard Gay of Weyerhauser Co. (Table 1). This sample (WC-
002-DW) was submitted for VOC, SVOC, dioxin, and inorganic analysis (Refs. 33, pp. 4, 5; 34).
One off-site drinking water sample (WC-001-DW) was collected for analysis during the SIP and
analyzed for VOC's, SVOC's, dioxin, and inorganics (Ref. 33; Fig. 1). This sample was collected
from the James Johnson residential well located approximately 1.1 mile south, and slightly upgradient
of the former chlorine production building. All SIP sampling locations are illustrated in Figure 6.
No other private drinking water wells were identified downgradient of the site (Fig. 1 ). The City of
Plymouth is required to perform yearly sampling of its water system for VOC's, SVOC's, and
inorganics. The results of the latest sampling analysis were provided by the city, consequently, these
wells were not resampled during the SIP.
4.4 Analytical Results
At the time of the SIP sampling event, organic compound analytical results for post-treatment
samples collected from the City of Plymouth system in October 1993 and June 1994 were available.
No chemical contaminants were quantified above maximum contaminant levels allowable in NC
public drinking water supplies (Ref. 36). Inorganic chemical analyses for the city system was
available from 1995. Detected inorganics included fluoride, nitrate, iron, sulfate, and sodium; none
of which were above allowable limits (Ref 36).
Total mercury was detected in monitoring wells MW-lB & MW-2, in 1992, at concentrations
of 0.0142 mg/Land 0.0005 mg/L respectively. These wells are located between the river and the
former chlorine building. Mercury was not detected in the background (MW-3) monitoring well (Ref
15, pp. 6-4, 6-5, table 4). Therefore an observed release of mercury to the shallow aquifer of the site
has been previously documented. Iron and sodium were the only inorganics detected in the 1986
paper mill drinking water samples; mercury was not detected nor were any VOC's (Ref 31 ).
Laboratory analytical data for the groundwater pathway samples collected during the SIP was
not available at the time this report was submitted. Following receipt of the analytical data from the
CLP lab, this report will be amended to include analytical results and updated conclusions.
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I WC-001-DW.
IWC-002-DW
WC-003-SD
WC-003-SW
WC-004-SD
WC-004-SW
WC-005-SD
WC-005-SW
WC-006-SD
WC-006-SW.
WC-007-SD
WC-007-SW
WC-107-SD
WC-107-SW
WC-008-SD
WC-008-SW
Table 1. Sample Locations and Descriptions
Weyerhauser Co./ Plymouth
NCD 991 278 540
D . ti escnp on lie ommen t.s/N t o es
James Johnson Nearest Off-site Residential
Residential Well Drinking Water Well
Weyerhauser Prod11ction Drinking Water Well Nearest
Well #13 · · . Former Chlorine Prod. Building
Roanoke River Sediment Establish Release of Site
& Surface Water: .IO mi. Contaminants to Roanoke River
Below Mouth of Welch Sens. Environ. & Fishery
Cr.
Roanoke River Sediment Attribution of Site Contaminants
& Surface Water at to Roanoke River from Welch
Welch Cr. Cr.
Welch Cr. Sediment & Establish Release of Site
Surface Water below Contaminants to Welch Cr.
PPE 1; Treatment Ponds Fishery
Discharge Point
Welch Cr. Sediment & Welch Cr. Background
Surface Water Below
Hwy 64 Bridge
Roanoke River Sediment Attribution of Site Contaminants
& Surface Water at Site to Roanoke River from Chlorine
Drainage PPE 1 Building
Roanoke River Sediment Duplicate ofWC-007-SD &
& Surface Water at Site WC-007-SW
Drainage PPE 1
Roanoke River Sediment Roanoke River Background
& Surface Water at
Warren Neck Cr.
V = volatiles S = semi-volatiles I= inorganics D = dioxins
SD= sediment DW = drinking water
II An lytes a
I V,S,I,D I
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V,S,I,
Dioxin for
Sed. only
IV,S,LD I
V,S,I,D
V,S,I,D
V,S,I,
Dioxin for
Sed. only
V,S,I,
Dioxin for
Sed. only
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4.5 Conclusions
Most of the residents in the vicinity of the site receive their potable water from the City of
Plymouth water system which is supplied by four wells located approximately 2.25 miles east of the
site. Those residents within the 4-mile site radius that do not receive city-supplied drinking water
utilize private wells for drinking water. The nearest off-site drinking water well, relative to the former
Weyerhauser chlorine production building, is located approximately 1. 1 mile south at the Johnson
residence. There are several on-site production wells that are blended into a combined water system
for drinking water at the facility. The Johnson well and the downgradient Weyerhauser well closest
to the former chlorine production building were sampled during the SIP. An observed release of
mercury to the surficial groundwater aquifer has been previously documented in two monitoring
wells at the pulp and paper mill portion of the site.
5.0 SURFACE WATER PATHWAY
5.1 Hydrologic Setting
The Weyerhauser Co./Plymouth site is located in the watershed of Welch Creek near its
mouth at the Roanoke River. All surface run~off from the site is directed to the waste water
treatment facility (Ref. 6, p. l ). Treated wastewater, non-contact cooling water, and storm water
runoff are currently discharged to the Roanoke River at a point approximately 0.6 mile downstream
of the mill (Refs. 16; 28; Fig. 1).
Prior to 1988, wastewater from the treatment system was discharged to Welch Creek (Refs.
6, p.3; 20, p.97; Fig. 4). From this former discharge point, Welch Creek flows approximately
2.5 miles northeast to its confluence with the Roanoke River. The surface water pathway continues
7 more miles along the Roanoke River to the Albemarle Sound where the 15-mile target distance limit
ends (Fig. 5).
During the period of operation of the chlorine production plant (1952-1965), process waste
water was discharged directly to the Roanoke River. From this probable point of entry (PPE # 1 ), the
Roanoke River continues for 8 miles to the Albemarle Sound (Fig. 5). The area of the former
chlorine production building was paved over following its demolition and removal. All storm water
run-off from this area is now directed to the waste water treatment facility (Ref. 6, p. 1).
A floodplain map was unavailable for the section of Martin County where the site is located.
However, based upon the topography of the area, the Weyerhauser facility is most likely located
within the I 00-year floodplain of the Roanoke River and Welch Creek. Mean annual flow rates along
the surface water pathway were calculated for the Roanoke River and Welch Creek. The average
annual outflow of the Roanoke River at the mouth is about 8900 cubic feet per second (cfs). The
flow rate of Welch Creek at the mouth is approximately 11.5 cfs (Ref. 40).
12
== == ==
Fig. No: 5
North Carolina Division
of Solid Waste Management
superfund Section
ll:iliiiil == == ;::::::; llli,l;ii; -liiiiil
u1oyerhauser Co. -Plymouth
NCO 991 270 5'10 ,It'~_ .. , ... J 11,,:.1-,\
·,,_ .l'?f. \
c. .. , ,,~t ., .. ~~..,.,· p,.~ ~
r
: ' ' , ... ,.,.
l
Title: Surface Water Pathway
Weyerhauser Co./Plymouth
Scale:Not to Scale Date: 6/26/95
Site Name: Weyerhauser Co./Plymouth
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T~•,ct b,~1--•ct
Drawn By: Doug Rumford
NCD 991 278 540
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The habitat of one State classified species of special concern was identified along the 15-mile
site surface water pathway. There are no drinking water intakes located on the surface water
pathway within the 15-mile site target distance limit.
6.0 SOIL EXPOSURE AND AIR PATHWAY
6.1 Physical Conditions
Access to the facility from State Road 1565 is restricted by two guarded gatehouses; a fence
surrounds the perimeter of the pulp and paper mill. Access to the site from the south is only
restricted by woodlands and from the east by Welch Creek (Refs. 6, p. l; 43). The site is primarily
covered with asphalt although some sections are hard packed dirt and gravel or grass covered (Ref.
6, pp.1,3,4; Photos). At the forest products division, the area in the vicinity of the wood treating
operation is gravel covered (Ref. 6, p.4; Photos). Following destruction of the former chlorine
building, a surface runoff collection system was installed and the area was then capped with asphalt
pavement (Ref. 15, p.4-7).
6.2 Soil and Air Targets
Activities at the Weyerhauser Co. facility require the efforts of approximately 1610 workers
on site per work day (Fig. 2). There are no households located within a 1 mile radius of the site.
The nearest school, Plymouth High School, is located approximately 2.5 mile east of the site ( Fig.
1). The nearest off-site residence is located approximately 1 mile southeast of the paper products
facility (Fig. 1). There are a total of 6616 residents living within 4 miles of the site (Ref. 37; 39).
A breakdown of the residential population per distance ring follows:
Distance Ring Residential Pop.
0 -1/4 mi. 0
1/4 -1/2 0
1/2 - 1 0
1 - 2 2805
2-3 2567
3-4 1244
, Total 6616
There is one State classified significantly rare animal species habitat within the 4-mile site
radius. A total of8000 acres of wetlands have been identified within 4-miles of the site; the nearest
wetland, an island in the Roanoke River approximately 40 acres in size, is located 600 feet north of
the former chlorine building (Ref. 39; Fig. 1),
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6.3 Sample Locations
No off-site soil sampling was conducted during the SIP, nor were any samples collected from
on-site at either the forest products division or at the paper mill. However, a total of 129 on-site
subsurface soil samples were collected by OHM: Remediation Services (OHM) and/or Harding
Lawson Al,sociates (HLA) and analyzed for mercury following excavation of the chlorine building
foundation in 1992. These samples were collected from under and around the building foundation
and along the U-drain_to the river (Ref 15, pp.6-2, 6-3, 6-4, fig.7). No air sampling was conducted
as no source areas were disturbed by sampling during the SIP.
6.4 Analytical Results
Mercury concentrations in the 129 soil samples collected from the area of the chlorine building
ranged from below detection limit to 9520 mg/kg. Groundwater was encountered during the
excavation at approximately 4. 5 feet bis, consequently, soils with mercury concentrations as high as
9520 mg/kg were left in place (Ref 15, pp. 4-3, 6-3, table lA, table lB, fig. 8).
6.5 Conclusions
Subsurface soils around and under the former chlorine production building have been
impacted with high concentrations of total mercury. Contaminated soil to a depth of approximately
4.5 feet bis was removed during excavation of the building. However, mercury contaminated soil was
left in place due to the high water table. Foil owing the excavation process of the former chlorine
building, a surface runoff collection system was installed and the area was then capped with asphalt
pavement. The wood treatment area of the wood products division consists of a sealed drip pad with
collection system to capture excess treatment solution and sludge for shipment off-site to a RCRA
disposal facility and a roof structure to reduce runoff to surrounding wood storage areas underlain
by gravel.
7.0 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
The Weyerhauser Co./ Plymouth site was assessed to identify conditions at the site, potentially
impacted populations and serisitive environments. Prior data indicates that the shallow groundwater
aquifer and subsurface soils under the former chlorine production building have been impacted by a
release of mercury. Elevated levels of dioxin have also been found in fish tissue samples collected
below Weyerhauser discharge points. On June 19-20, 1995, a SIP was conducted at the site by the
NC Superfund Section. Off-site samples from the surface water pathway and an on-site groundwater
sample were collected to determine the extent of mercury and dioxin contamination. All samples were
submitted for CLP analysis and the results have not been received. Once all the data is available, it
will be used to assess the threat posed to human health and the environment and a recommendation
as to the need for additional CERCLNSARA or other appropriate action will be made.
17
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REFERENCE LIST
Weyerhauser Co.-Plymouth
NCD 991 278 540
1. U.S. Geological Survey. 7.5 Minute Series Topographic Maps, Scale 1 :24,000; Plymouth
East, NC, 1987; Plymouth West, NC, 1974; Westover, NC, 1978; Woodard, NC, 1979.
2. Rumford, G. Doug (N.C. Superfund Section), 1995. Latitude and Longitude Calculation
Worksheet, Weyerhauser Co. -Plymouth Site. June 2, 1995.
3. U.S. Department of Commerce, 1961. Technical Paper No. 40: Rainfall Frequency Atlas of
the United States. Issued 196 I.
4. U.S. Department of Commerce, Climatic Atlas of the United States: National Climatic Center,
Asheville, NC, 1979.
5. Durway, D. Mark. N.C. Superfund Section; Memo to File: Telephone Conversation with Don
Ferguson, Weyerhauser Co.-Plymouth, NC. January 17, 1986.
6. Rumford, G. Doug, 1994. Field Log Notes, August 22, 1994; SIP Reconnaissance,
Weyerhauser Co. -Plymouth Site.
7. Hevener, W., Weyerhauser Co.: Letter to Fred Wood, NC Dept. of Human Resources
Regarding CCA Wastes at Plymouth Facility. March 1, 1983.
8. Donaldson, Brian. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: RCRA Inspection Report.
Weyerhauser Paper Co.-Plymouth Facility. February 22, 1995.
9. Ho, Johnnie. Delta Environmental Consultants, Inc.; Assessment and certification of Drip Pad
at Weyerhauser Wood Treating Plant. Plymouth, NC. September 30, 1992.
10. Edwards, R.J., NCDEM: RCRA Waste Generator Classification for Weyerhauser Wood
Products Division. Weyerhauser Co.-Plymouth, NC. January 4, 1995.
11. Durway, D. Mark. N.C. Superfund Section; Site Inspection Report Form: Potential
Hazardous Waste Site. Weyerhauser Co., Plymouth, NC. January 30, 1986.
12. Wood, Glen, Weyerhauser Co.: Letter to Thomas Devine, USEPA Region IV Air &
Hazardous Waste Program Regarding Inactive Past Disposal Practices at Plymouth Facility.
December 7, 1981.
13. Hevener, W., Weyerhauser Co.: Letter to Greg Fraley,USEPA Region IV Regarding Extent
of Mercury Wastes Disposed of at Plymouth Facility. June 29, 1983.
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REFERENCE LIST
Weyerhauser Co.-Plymouth
NCD 991 278 540
14. Coker, Jerry, Weyerhauser Co.: Letter to Paul Keith, USEPA Region IV RCRA
Activities; Inactive Past Disposal Practices at Weyerhauser Co. Plymouth Facility.
November 18, 1981.
15. Reis, Richard S., Harding Lawson Associates. Final Closure Report for Former Chlorine
Plant Building, Weyerhaeuser Paper Co. -Plymouth, NC. October 29, 1992.
16. Rumford, G. Doug, 1995. Memo to File; Telephone Conversation with Richard Gay,
Weyerhauser Co.; Groundwater Monitoring in Vicinity of Former Chlorine Production
Building -Plymouth, NC. May 15, 1995.
17. Durway, D. Mark. N.C. Superfund Section; Site Inspection Report: Weyerhaueser
Co./Plymouth Wood Treating Plant. Plymouth, NC. March 21, 1986.
18. NC Division ofEnvironmental Management-Water Quality Section: Fish Tissue Dioxin
Levels in North Carolina-1990 Update.
19. NC Wildlife Resources Commission. North Carolina Inland Fishing, Hunting & Trapping
Regulations Digest. July I, 1994.
20. NCDEHNR, 1993. Report No. 93-02: Heavy Metals in Organic-Rich Muds of the
Albemarle Sound Estuarine System. January 1993.
21. Heath, Ralph C. 1984. Ground-Water Regions of the United States: U.S. Geological
Survey Water-Supply Paper 2242.
22. Heath, Ralph C. 1980. Basic Elements of Groundwater Hydrology with Reference to
Conditions in North Carolina: U.S.G.S Water Resources Investigations Open-File Report
80-44. 1980.
23. N.C. Geological Survey. Geologic Map ofNorth Carolina 1:500,000 scale: 1985
24.
25.
26.
Brown, Philip M., 1959. U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey. Bulletin Number
73; Geology and Groundwater Resources in the Greenville Area, North Carolina.1959.
Nelson, Perry F., 1964. NC Dept. of Water Resources. Bulletin Number 4; Geology and
Groundwater Resources in the Swanquarter Area, North Carolina. 1964.
N.C. Geological Survey. National Water Summary 1984: Water Supply Paper 2275.
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REFERENCE LIST
Weyerhauser Co.-Plymouth
NCD 991 278 540
27. Giese, G.L. 1991. Simulation of Ground-Water Flow in the Coastal Plain Aquifer System
ofNorth Carolina: U.S.G.S Open-File Report 90-372. 1991.
28. Howard, A. Preston, NCDEM: NPDES Permit No. 0000680 Weyerhaueser Plymouth
Mill, Martin County, NC. January 7, 1994.
29. U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1989. Soil Conservation Service; Soil Survey ofMartin
County, NC, September 1989.
30. Rumford, G. Doug, 1995. Memo to File; Telephone Conversation with Harold McCarson;
Extent of Plymouth City Water System. Plymouth, NC. June 12, 1995.
31. Water Test Corp., Water Analysis Report for Weyerhaueser Drinking Water Samples;
Plymouth, NC Site. 1986.
32. Stanley, Jeanette. (NC Superfund Section) Interoffice Memo; Update on Status of
Wellhead Protection Programs in N.C., January 17, 1995.
33. Rumford, G. Doug, 1994. Field Log Notes, June 19-20, 1995; SIP Sampling Event,
Weyerhauser Co. -Plymouth Site.
34. Rumford, G. Doug, 1995. Memo to File; Telephone Conversation with Richard Gay,
Weyerhauser Co.; Groundwater Usage at Weyerhaueser Facility -Plymouth, NC. June
15, 1995.
35. Rumford, G. Doug, 1995. Memo to File; Groundwater Population Estimates within 4
Miles of the Site: Weyerhauser Co.-Plymouth Site. June 26, 1995.
36. McCarson, Harold F., HydroLogic Inc., Inorganic and Organic Chemical Analysis for
Plymouth City Water Supply. Plymouth, NC. May 11, 1995
37. N.C. State Center for Geographic Information and Analysis, Populations and Households;
Population per Distance Ring: Weyerhauser Co.-Plymouth Site, June 6, 1995.
38. McAdams, Louis 1995. NUS Corp.: Extent of Water Service in Plymouth Area; Georgia-
Pacific Hardwood Sawmill Site. July 19, 1990.
39. Rumford, G. Doug, 1993. Memo to File; Wetlands and Critical Habitats Identification:
Weyerhauser Co.-Lbwiston Site, June 26, 1995.
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40.
41.
42.
43.
REFERENCE LIST
Weyerhauser Co.-Plymouth
NCD 991 278 540
Rumford, G. Doug, 1995. Memo to File; Surface Water Pathway Flow Rate Calculations:
Weyerhauser Co.-Plymouth Site, June 26, 1995.
N.C. Department ofEnvironment, Health, and Natural Resources: Classifications and
Water Quality Standards Assigned to the Waters of the Roanoke River Basin, February 1,
1993.
Woock, Stephen E., Weyerhaueser Co. : Dioxin Analysis of Fish per NPDES Permit No.
0000680 for Fall 1993. March 16, 1994.
Rumford, G. Doug, 1995. Memo to File; Telephone Conversation with Richard Gay,
Weyerhauser Co.; Background of Operations at Weyerhaueser Facility -Plymouth, NC.
June 28, 1995.
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Photo Number ..
1-4
5
6
7
8-10
11
12
PHOTO LOG
Weyerhauser Co. -Plymouth
Plymouth, Martin County, NC
NCD 991 278 540
Description
Location of Former Chlorine Production Building -Area
Paved and Currently used for Temporary Chemical Storage
Approximate Location of Chlorine Production Building
Discharge Point to Roanoke River -North View
Monitoring Well MW-2 Located at Eastern Comer of
Cooling Tower
Monitoring Well MW-18 Located at Western Comer of
Cooling Tower
Weyerhauser Forest Products Division Wood Treatment
Vessel, Bermed Drip Pad, Roof Structure, and Treated
Wood Storage
Marshall Flume Discharge From Retention Ponds
Panoramic View of Retention Ponds -North View Towards
Facility
Photographs 1 -2: Location of fonner Chlorine Production Building -area paved and currently used for temporary chemical storage
Photographs 3 - 4: Location of former Chlorine Production Building -area paved and currently used for temporary chemical storage
Photograph 5: Approximate location of Chlorine Production Building discharge point to Roanoke
River -North view
Photograph 6: Monitoring Well MW-2 located at Eastern Comer of Cooling Tower
Photograph 7: Monitoring Well MW -lB located at Western Comer of Cooling Tower
Photographs 8 -9: Weyerhauser Forest Products Division Wood Treatment Vessel, Bermed drip pad, roof structure, and treated wood storage.
Photograph 10:
Photograph 11 :
Weyerhauser Forest Products Division Wood Treatment Vessel, Bermed
drip pad, roof structure, and treated wood storage.
Marshall Flume discharge from retention ponds
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Ref. 2
LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE CALCULATION WORKSHEET 12
LI USING ENGINEER'S SCALE (l/60)
SITE NAME: ive-{.,_,-4«,uur Cc. /p/y...,,,~.fl, CERCLIS I: ,VCl) CJC,1 2.78 S-"10
AKA: ______________________ SSID : ____________ _
STATE: ,-./ ( ZIP CODE: ___ ?._7_'1_(,_-z. __ _
s I TE RE FE REN CE PO I NT : _ __,l,..:oe.c<s..:::~:..:+-...:'..:"...:".:.._...:•:...' F'--_Fc_"_r_...,__;ecc._..::C:...~.:....:;I ~:..:· ('-''-'-. "°"=--..c'Ac...:.:"":..:d:::v::.<::.l!...':..:;,::::·~c:_.:.73=--:'...:d:;,'l.L:....· --
USGS QUAD MAP NAME: '?/y...,,,,,_,f1, 1,/~~f A/l .. TOWNSHIP: N/S RANGE:. E/W
SCALE: 1:24,000 MAP DATE: i'173 /J'957SECTION: ___ l/4 >
__ l/4 __ l/4
MAP DATUM: ® 1983 (CIRCLE ONE) MERIDIAN: _______________ _
COORDINATES FROM LOWER RIGHT (SOUTHEAST) _CORNER OF 7. 5' MAP ( attach photocopy) :
LONGITUDE: 0 LATITUDE: ~::,o ....!:f..2.' _Q_"
COORDINATES FROM LOWER RIGHT (SOUTHEAST) CORNER OF 2.5' GRID CELL:
LONGITUDE: .7 (, o 1,/ ), ' o LATITUDE: '.).JO 50' __Q_"
CALCULATIONS: LATITUDE (7.5' QUADRANGLE MAP)
A) NUMBER OF RULER GRADUATIONS FROM LATITUDE GRID LINE TO SITE REF POINT: '.> 'L Lj i.
B) MULTIPLY (A) BY 0.3304 TO CONVERT TO SECONDS:
A X 0.3304 = /01. ii5 " ----
C) EXPRESS IN MI!IUTES AND SECONDS ( l '= 60") : _j__' Lf 7 . C 5 "
D) ADD TO STARTING LATITUDE: '.':J:,' o ,5'iJ :_Q_,__Q_" + _/_• l/7. C15 =
SITE LATITUDE: --::,-; 0 2.!.__· Y7._.5!._"
CALCULATIONS: LONGITUDE (7.5' QUADRANGLE MAP)
A) NUMBER OF RULER GRADUATIONS FROM RIGHT LONGITUDE LINE TO SITE REF POINT:
B) MULTIPLY (A) BY 0.3304 TO CONVERT TO SECONDS:
Ax 0.3304 liJ b . --::, °I " ----
C) EXPRESS IN MINUTES AND SECONDS ( l '= 60"): _/_• '-f& . :,<t "
D) ADD TO STARTING LONGITUDE: ~o '/5 •_O_. D + _i_• 'ib. 3'7 =
SITE LONGITUDE:
INVESTIGATOR: {}. 'u. IC'u,"V)f"o IG l:) DATE: --------------------
E-10
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47j30" '39
-:--:-.· ------·-,a-.. --.. ·.·-.. --
NUMBER: ,I./< l)
COORDINATES OF LOWER RJGHT-HAND CORNER OF 2.5-MINUTE GRJD:
w\TITUDE: 5)o 50 '__Q_• LONGITUDE: 7(, o •i:,. ~-
E-11
qCJfJ7';35LfO
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SCALE: :24 .000
-·. l!fl',\IIDIEI\T ,,F COMftlEIICE
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TECHNICAL PAPEH NO. ,i.o
HAINFALL FHEQUENCY A'l'LAS or 'J'I II~ I JNl'J'EI) S'IJ\.'l'ES
fur Durulio11s frorn 30 Mi1111lc3 lo 2,1. ) lours aud
fletur11 Periods front I lo ] 00 Yca1·s _
IIA\111 ... llt:H~llnt:u,
'
PRCrERTY OF EPA
FITIV
,;~-~R ~lH~R ~~~Li,I~~
·------t---------
ILleyert-.ause,· Co.\-Plymouth
NCO 991 278 .540 \
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e;lt.
Commerce
1961
Technical
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___ __;:__ ______ _.c_ __ -:;_-_-_-_-~~-----ccc-;-=-~-=-=-"-="';,-s'=-=-=-=-=-:,,:::-=-=-=-=-::;c:-=-=-=-==;-,=-=-=--,--=--,,-:----::;:~-~-:.---.:_~~
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·ro:
FROM:
RE:
Refs
13 February 1986
File
D. Mark Durway
Weyerhaeuser Co., Plymouth, NC
NC D991278540
In a telephone conversation on 2-4-86, Don Ferguson of Weyerhaeuser
(919/793-8163) reported that the Plymouth plant began operation in about 1937
under the ownership of Kieckhefer-Eddy, which merged with Weyerhaeuser in 1957.
It was Ferguson's opinion that Kieckhefer-Eddy did not generate
hazardous wastes, other than the spent electrodes and marble cells which were
dumped in the old landfill from 1952 until the company merged.
DMD/tb/0184b
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Ref. 7
~ Weyerhaeuser Company
Mr. Fred J. Wood
N. C. Region Headquarters
P.O. Box 1391
Streets Ferry Road .
New Bern, N. C. 28560
[phone]
March 1, 1983
North Carolina Department of Human Resources
Division of Health Services
Eastern Regional Office
404 St. Andrews Street
Greenville, NC 27~34
Dear Mr. \·/ood:
Thank you for meetin~ with us today to review our problem with
an overweight shipment (over 2,200 lb.) of C.C.A. wastes from
our Plymouth facility.
The problem resulted from our delay in timely cleaning of the
treatment facility sump. We had not cleaned tl1e sump for five
to six months. When it was cleaned, the waste material
amounted to approximately 7,000 lbs. There is also an
indication that the waste was not allowed to drain properly and
a large amount of liquid was removed for shipment along with
the sludge.
As we discussed, we have also had a number of personnel changes
in the mill due to our organization redesign. Most of the
individuals involved in the treating operation have recently
assumed their present duties.
We are very interested in retalning our "small generator"
status and hope that this oversight will not jeopardize that
situation. :·le are prepared to make the adjustments necessary
to remain in the small generator category. we will cl1ange our
sump cleaning schedule and waste si1ipments to once a wonth
until 11c see what amounts are generated. If we find this
schedule can be e~tended in the future and still stay under the
2,200 lb. per month limit, we will do so. ~e will also make
sure that during cleaning the sludge is allowed to drain
properly so that onl~ true wastes are collected for disposal,
not excess liquid that can be returned to the process. In
addition, our sensitivity to this probler,1 has been heightened.
We will be more vigilant in our co11trol of this issue.
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...
Mr. Fred J. Wood Page 2 March 1, 1983
We at Heyerhaeuser are committed to operating our treatment
facility in the proper manner. He are confident that we can
control future waste disposal amounts in such a manner as to
retain our small generator status.
Thank you for your help in this matter. If any additional
information is needed, please call me at 633-7462.
l'IH/mw/2
1-1'1 ~~•w5
Bob Andecssn
Jim Collier
Leon Hayes
.Allen Lunsford
Elwood Sprouse
Glen 1·1ood
cc:
Sincerely,
/)1;~
W. Hevener
Region Environmental
Affairs Manager
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1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
n Ref. 8
RCRA Inspection Report
Insoector and Author of Report
Brian Donaldson
Environmental Engineer
Facility Information
Weyerhaeuser Paper Company
P.O. Box 787
Plymouth, North Carolina 27962
NCD003199882
Responsible Official
Richard Gay, Environmental Coordinator
Inspection Participants
Brian Donaldson, USEPA
Flint Worrell, NCDEHNR
Larry Perry, NCDEHNR
Dick Denton, NCDEHNR
Robin Pursell, NCDEHNR
Pierre Lauffer, NCDEHNR
Richard Gay, Weyerhaeuser
Mitchell Hardison, Weyerhaeuser
Bill Glover, Weyerhaeuser
Mack Jones, Weyerhaeuser
Date and Time of Inspection
February 22, 1995
8: 30 am
Applicable Regulations
0
40 CFR Sections 260-266, 268, & 270 which North Carolina has
adopted by reference.
Purpose of Inspection
To determine Weyerhaeuser Paper Company's (Weyerhaeuser)
compliance status with the applicable RCRA regulations.
Facility Description
Weyerhaeuser operates a Kraft process pulp mill in Plymouth,
North Carolina. Weyerhaeuser began their operations at the
Plymouth, North Carolina site in 1937. Approximately 1,600
people are employed at the Weyerhaeuser facility.
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9)
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2
Findings
Weyerhaeuser utilizes the Kraft pulping process to produce
pulp for the paper-making process. First, wood chips are
sent to digesters where they processed into pulp. This is
done by cooking the wood chips in white liquor (solution of
sodium hydroxide and sodium sulfide) under pressure. During
this process, the white liquor removes the lignin in the
wood chips, thus creating pulp. This reaction turns the
white liquor into black liquor, which is composed of organic
solids, sodium carbonate, and sodium sulfate. The black
liquor is then removed from the pulp and is routed to their
chemical recovery process while the pulp is routed to the
paper machines.
In the chemical recovery process, the black liquor first
goes through evaporators where the most of the water
component is removed. The black liquor is then routed to
recovery boilers where a molten material called "smelt" is
formed in the unit. Next, water is added to the smelt to
form green liquor (sodium carbonate). The green liquor,
which is stored in tanks, contains impurities (unburned
carbon and inorganic materials) called dregs. These
impurities are removed from the green liquor in clarifiers.
The green liquor dregs from the clarifier are collected in a
roll-off prior to disposal in Weyerhaeuser's solid waste
landfill. According to Weyerhaeuser, the pH of this
material normally ranges between 10 and 10.5.
The clarified green liquor is then reacted with lime
(calcium oxide) in slakers to produce white liquor and lime
mud (calcium carbonate). The portion that does not react in
the slakers settles to the bottom ("slaker grits") and is
removed and placed in a roll-off container prior to disposal
in the solid waste landfill.
The lime mud is removed from the white liquor in clarifiers.
After going through a series of filters the lime mud is then
routed to a lime kiln to produce more lime.
Normally, the pulping and chemical recovery process is a
"closed-loop" system. However, during some shut-down events
(i.e. recovery boiler is down) the black liquor generated
during pulping cannot be routed to the chemical recovery
process. Thus, Weyerhaeuser stores the black liquor in five
on-site tanks (two 1-million gallon, two 3-million gallon,
and one 4-million gallon) or they transport it, via barge,
to an off-site storage facility in Wilmington, North
Carolina.
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11)
3
According to 40 C.F.R. § 261.4 (a) (6) pulping liquors (i.e.
black liquor) that are reclaimed in a pulping liquor
recovery furnace and then reused in the pulping process are
not solid wastes unless it is accumulated speculatively as
defined in 40 C.F.R. § 261.l(c). From the documentation
provided by Weyerhaeuser, it appears that Weyerhaeuser has
not speculatively accumulated black liquor.
Weyerhaeuser operates a 90 day hazardous waste storage
building. One 55-gallon drum, containing hazardous waste
paint thinner, was leaking on top of the drum. This drum
was labeled hazardous waste and was dated February 2, 1995.
Weyerhaeuser is in violation of 40 C.F.R. § 265.171 for
failing to transfer the hazardous waste from the leaking
container to a container that is in good condition.
A satellite accumulation container, located in an area
referred to by Weyerhaeuser as "Area 8", · was not marked with
the words "hazardous waste" or with other words that
identified its contents.
Weyerhaeuser is in violation of 40 C.F.R. § 262.34(c) (1) (ii)
for failing to mark the satellite accumulation container in
Area 8 with the words "hazardous waste" or with other words
that identified its contents.
Weyerhaeuser's hazardous waste records were reviewed which
included the following: contingency plan, personnel
training, manifests, and weekly inspection logs. All these
records appeared to be in order.
Recommended Action
EPA will transmit a copy of the inspection report to the
North Carolina Department of Environment, Health and Natural
Resources for follow-up action.
12) Signed
Brian A. Donaldson
Date
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13) Concurrence
Michael Arnett
Chief, NC/SC Unit
DATE
4
r· i
Acting Chief
RCRA Compliance Section
DATE
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A~ Delta
Environmental ~ .. Consultants,lnc.
September 30, 1992
', -.
North Carolina Department of Environment,
Health, and Natural Resources
Division of Solid Waste Management
P.O. Box 27687
Raleigh, North Carolina 27611-7687
Attention: Ms. Margaret S. Babb
Environmental Chemist
Waste Management Branch
Hazardous Waste Section
Ref 9
Subject: 40CFR, Part 265, Subpart W
Weyerhaei1ser lsor-est-Pr-oducts
Wood Treating Plant
Plymouth, North Carolina
Delta Project No: 50-91-007.24
Dear Ms. Babb:
6701 Carmel Road
Suite 200
Charlotte, NC 28226-3901
705/541-9890
FAX: [phone]
In accordance with 40CFR, Part 265.441, enclosed please find the assessment and certification of
the new and existing drip pad for the above referenced site.
Please call if you should have any further questions.
Sincerely,
RONMENTAL CONSULTANTS, INC.
JH/fyh
Attachments
cc: Mr. Larry Lambeth, USEPA Region IV
Mr. Russ Eaton, Weyerhaeuser
Mr. Elwood Sproase, Weyerhaeuser
Mr. Jeff Outten, Weyerhaeuser
Delta Delivers Solutions
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\, .
SUBPART W-ASSESSMENT
EXISTING & NEW DRIP PAD
Weyerhaeuser Forest Products
Wood Treating Plant
Plymouth, North Carolina
Delta Project No. 50-91-007.24
This report was prepared by:
Delta Environmental Consultants, Inc.
6701 Carmel Road, Suite 200
Charlotte, North Carolina 28226-3901
704-541-9890
September 1992
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September 1992
SUBPART W-ASSESSMENT
EXISTING & NEW DRIP PAD
CONTENTS
Introduction
Part A -General Information
Part B -Drip Pad Status Report
Part C -Field Inspection Report
Part D -Review and Certification
Attachments -As-Built Drawings
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INTRODUCTION TO DRIP PAD ASSESSMENT
The information contained in this assessment is in accordance with regulations for the control of hazardous
wastes regulated under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) that are generated by wood
preserving plants using chlorophenolic, creosote, and/or inorganic (arsenic and chromium) preservatives. The
purpose of the assessment is to provide documentation that the existing drip pad is capable of containing
hazardous waste drippage, capable of preventing penetration of waste through the pad, and that the pad
meets construction standards outlined in the Code of Federal Regulations Title 40, Parts 264 and 265,
Subpart W-Drip Pads as summarized below.
The following requirements are used in establishing the integrity of drip pads:
Item Al
Item A2
Item A3
Item A4
Item A.5
•Item B.1
•Item B.2
Item C
Item D
Item E
Drip pads must be constructed of non-earthen materials, excluding wood and
nonstructurally supported asphalt.
Drip pads must be sloped to free-drain treated wood drippage, rain and other
waters, solutions of drippage and water, or other wastes to the associated collection
system.
Drip pads must have a curb or berm around the perimeter.
Drip pads must be impermeable (Concrete pads must be sealed, coated, or covered
with an impermeable material).
Drip pads must be of sufficient structural strength and thickness to prevent failure
due to physical contact, climate conditions, and the stress of installation and daily
operation.
A compatible synthetic liner must be installed below the drip pad to prevent
leakage from the drip pad into the adjacent subsurface soil or ground water or
surface water.
A leak detection system must be in place immediately above the liner to detect
leakage from the drip pad.
Drip pads arc to be maintained free of cracks, gaps, corrosion or other
deterioration that could cause hazardous waste to be released from the drip pad.
Drip pads, and the associated collection system, must be designed and operated to
convey, drain, and collect liquid resulting from drippage or precipitation in order
to prevent run-off.
If an existing drip pad is not protected by a structure that prevents run-on from at
least a 24-hour, 25-year storm, the owner/operator must design, construct, operate,
and maintain a run-on control system capable of preventing flow onto the drip pad
from such a storm, or document that the system has sufficient excess capacity to
contain any run-on that might enter the system.
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Item F
Item G
.---·.
Introduction (cont'd)
If an existing drip pad is not protected by a structure or cover, the owner or
operator must design, construct, operate and maintain a run-off management system
to collect and control at least the water volume from a 24-hour, 25-year storm.
The drip pad must be evaluated to determine that it meets the above requirements
and the owner must obtain a statement from an independent, qualified, registered
professional engineer certifying that the drip pad design meets these requirements.
•Note that items B.1 and B.2 are not required during the 15-year life of an existing drip pad, but
are required for drip pads constructed after the effective date of the rule.
If an existing drip pad is found to be leaking or unfit for use after the effective date of regulation, the owner
or operator must install a new drip pad which meets all of the above requirements (including items B.l and
B.2) or close the existing drip pad and remove all contaminated materials.
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PART A
GENERAL INFORMATION
Plant Name: Weyerhaeuser Forest Products
Wood Treating Facility
EPA ID No.: NCD991278540
Location: East Main St., Plymouth, North Carolina
Owner/Operator:
Telephone:
Address:
Weyerhaeuser Co.
[phone]
P.O. Box 787
Plymouth, North Carolina 27962
(1) Constructed Before Effective Date of the Rule
Dimensions of Drip Pad(s): 2 pads @ 60' x 120'
Site Contact:
Fax:
Jeff Outten
[phone]
28-day compressive strength of concrete: 3,500 psi Pad thickness: 10 inches
(2) Constructed After Effective Date of Rule
Dimension of Drip Pad(s): 1 pad @ 20' x 360'
28-day compressive strength of concrete:-3,500 psi Pad thickness: 9 inches
(3) Covered Drip Pad Area: Complete covered and enclosed ... ,.,.,._ .. ,"""' ___________ _...,..,-.,.._
(4) Dimensions of sump(s) or moat(s): 2 @ 11.5' x 10.5' x 2' plus 1 @ 130' x 5' x 2'
(5) Dimensions of Treatment Building: 103.3' x 45.0'
(6) Drainage Area of Adjacent Roof(s): NIA
Site Background:
The referenced plant commenced wood treating in 1979. The treatment facility was designed and
constructed by WoodTech Wood Treating Equipment Company and treats 8-10 million board feet per year.
Historically, the facility has used CCA preservative and produces wood treated to a retention level of 0.4
lbs per cubic foot or Jess.
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PART A (con'!)
The facility includes a treatment building, two drip pads and associated tram tracks, and the associated
collection system and sump as illustrated in the as-built drawings. The drip pads were constructed in 1979
concurrent with the construction of the treatment building and associated collection system. A non-potable
water well is present at the approximate location of the pump house. Water obtained from this well is used
in the wood treatment process. The compressor shed contains air compressors that are utilized in the
pressure treating process. The facility was constructed in a compacted, clay/sand subgrade.
A new drip pad was constructed in July 1992.
Contractor records will serve as documentation of the pad age as detailed below:
• Date of construction for existing drip pad July 1979
• Date of financial agreement for existing pad construction NIA
• Projected date of IS-year end-of-pad-life July 1994
• Date of construction for the new drip pad July 1992
• Financial agreement for new pad construction August 1991
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PARTB
DRIP PAD STATUS REPORT
The subject drip pad has been examined and, based on the attached field inspection results, passes or fails
the following design and operating requirements as outlined in 40 CFR, Parts 264 and 265, Subpart W.
Al.
2.
3.
4.
5.
B.l.
B.2.
Drip pad is constructed of non-earthen materials excluding wood and non-
structurally supported asphalt.
Drip pad is sloped to free-drain drippage to the associated collection system
Drip pad has a curb or berm around the perimeter
Drip pad surface is impermeable and therefore capable of containing
drippage en route to the collection system
Drip pad is of sufficient structural strength and thickness to prevent failure
Synthetic liner -for new pad only, not required for existing pads
Leak detection system -for new pad only, not required for existing pads
Pass Fail
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.1L
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.1L
C. Drip pad is free of cracks, gaps, corrosion or deterioration .1L
D.
E.
F.
Title:
Drip pad and collection system designed to convey, drain, and collect
drippage
Drip pad is protected by a roofed structure, or an appropriate run-on control
system is in place
Drip pad is protected by a structure or cover, or a run-off management
system
Date: August 31, 1992
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Proje t Engineer Affiliation: Delta Environmental Consultants, Inc.
6701 Carmel Rd., Suite 200
Charlotte, NC 28226
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c-?··-. t:/\/
PARTC
FIELD INSPECTTON REPORT
-~· (:::··~,::
Project No.: 50-91-007.24 Date: 8/13/92 Time: 1:00 P.M.
Project: Weyerhaeuser Forest Products Weather: Sunny, 70°F
Wood Treating Plant
Location: Plymouth, North Carolina
Present at Site: Johnnie Ho, Jeff Outten and Ricky Gee
Summary:
On the basis of the August 13, 1992 visual field inspection, it appears that all items as required in 40 CFR Parts 264 and 265 of Subpart Ware in compliance. Therefore, Certification of the drip pad integrity is given. The following have been noted and should become part of the permanent record.
I.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
The drip pads and all related new structures are completely covered by a roofed
structure. Installation of the roofed structure was completed in 1991. All associated rainfall runoff is discharged away from the drip pad areas and Treatment
Building.
The drip pad surfaces have been sealed using Derakane vinyl ester resin with ultra
violet inhibitor as manufactured by Dow, Inc.
Cracks and joints have been sealed using Derakane 411 as manufactured by Dow, Inc.
New curbs have been installed as required to completely surround the drip pads and
to contain any discharge.
It is recommended that any standing water on the drip pads due to periodic wash
downs be brushed out or squeegeed away.
An inspection program of the drip pads be immediately initiated. Maintenance to
be done as needed.
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PARTD
REVIEW AND CERTIFICATION
This certification has been reviewed for technical accuracy and soundness in accordance with 40 CFR Parts
264 and 265, Subpart W -Drip Pad.
Print Name:
Signature:
Title:
Company: Delta Environmental Consultants, Inc.
P.E. Registration: NC 16983
Date: Auguwst 31, 1992
CERTIFICATION OF DRJP PAD lNTEGRITY
Based on the attached documentation and visual field inspection, I hereby certify that the subject drip pad
meets all Subpart W requirements as of the 31st day of August ,199L.
Print Name:
Signature:
Title:
Company: sultants, Inc.
P.E. Registration: NC 16983
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•
,~ Ref. 10
State of North Carolina Department of Environment, Health and Natural Resources
Division of Solid Waste Management
James B. Hunt. Jr., Governor
Jonathan B. Howes. Secretary
William L. Meyer, Director
January 4, 1995
WEYERHAEUSER WOOD PRODUCTS
PO BOX 787
PLYMOUTH NC 27962
RE: EPA ID No.: NCD991278540
Dear Sir:
Based on Information received by this office for the site Identified with the above EPA ID number, the State has accepted and processed the change In RCRA classification or Information for the above listed site.
Your EPA ID number Is active.
Current computer record of your faclllty contains following Information:
( X Indicates Operational Status of Your Faclllty)
X LARGE GENERATOR
• TRANSPORTER
-SMALL QNTY. GENERATOR
• TREATER
-STORER -DISPOSER
Company Name: WEYERHAEUSER WOOD PRODUCTS
Owner: WEYERHAEUSER COMPANY
Owner Address: PO BOX 787
City, St.& ZIP: PLYMOUTH NC 27962
Contact: HARRELL STEPHANY
Phone Number: [phone]
Location Addr.: WEST MAIN ST.
City, St.& ZIP: PLYMOUTH NC 27962
Please verify the above computer Information. Please notify us of any corrections.
We are advising EPA of the change. Please notify us ff there Is any further change In your operations which would affect your status, namely Company's Name, Ownership, Address, Contact, or Telephone. Your EPA ID number is currently active.
Sincerely,
RJfi• {~//C
P.O. Box 27687, Raleigh, North Carolina 276 l l-768;{)1\11slophohe6'01~7Wa4'196~ge,nl!~3605
An Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer SO';(, recycled/ 10% post-consumer paper CC: WIWAM DENTON
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' Ref. 11
~ ER~· POTEIHIAL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITE I. IDctlTIFICI\TION
SITE INSPECTION REPORT 01 S~A.TE I 02 SllENUMBER \:St.7 ~ 1,-~ ~,,.. T'IQQl ?7R54n PART 1 • SITE LOCATIOI~ AND INSPECTION INFORMATION
II. SITE NA!.IE Al/0 LOCI. TION
01 SITE NAk'E ll•;•'· ecm,.,_,,,, ,:,, t'e1c,c:: ~•"•'"• o/&1•1 02 STREET, ROUTE NO., OR SPECtFIC LOCATION 10ENT!nER
'•T ' ---r~. 01 ·-·th •-~---' Treatinn SR 1565
03 CITY 04STATE I OS z,p COOE I O~COUNTY r,c:ou ...
1
00 CONG c:ooe ll<ST
Plvmouth NC 27962 Martin 59 1
o~ CC-~i1J11J,:.; ES 110 TY~F 0'l,t,EF.S.rlJP /Clleel or,•/
l/,. T1Ti..::,F,_ 1 l0'~G1:p.1DE A. PRIVATE O B. FEDERAL 0 C.STATE 0 0. COUNTY O E. MUNICIP1'L ~ 52..'. .oo.'.'. .O.'Zfi 0 32 ~-0 F. OTHER 0 G. UNKNOWN
Ill. INSPECTION !f-li=OFH.~ATIOM
01 DATE OF H.;S?ECTION 02SrTESTATUS 03 ve.Rs 0' oeeR.r,oN (we1erhaeuser purchased site in 1957) x~cnve 02 !06 ,85 0 INACTIVE ) 931 ---_ UNKNOWN
I.IC';TH OAY YEAR BE.GINWNG YEAR ENDING YEAR
04 AGi:l<C-( ?F.~FORt.'.ING lt.:SPECTlON fCf'l~•tAlf'l•r~t>lrJ
0 A. EPA 0 8. EPA cornAa\CTOR 0 C. MUNICIPAL D 0. MUNICIPAL CONTRACTOR
}l(E. STATE
/N.,.i•oll,1m) /H..-Nolf_,,
0 F. ST ATE CONTRACTOR 0 G.OTHER 1N.meoiilffl!J (5p•eflrl
05 ci,1::f lt;s;::ECTOR 06 llTLE 07 ORGAtlllATION 08 TELEPHONE ,~o.
Len Bramble Environrrental Enoineer NC NRCD ln91733-5083
09 OH-i~R INSPECTORS 10 TITLE I 1 OAOANllA TION 12 TELEPHONE NO.
Mark Durway Geologist NC DHR/DHS !ll9l733-2178
( }
( ,
( }
( } .
13 SITE REPRESENT A. HVES rNTERVIEWED 14 TITt.E 15ADDRESS 18 TELEPHONE NO
Bill Hevener Env. Aff. Mgr Weyerhaeuser, Plymouth I 91~ 793-8208
Jim Collier Op. Mgr. " Plymouth I 91'1 793-8276
···-·
__ Jovce Robinson " Plvnnuth ( 911 793-8276
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( )
( } .
.
17 ACCESS GA1!-;EO UY 18 T!ME OF INSPECTION 19 WEATHERCONDlnONS
/C"•:• o~•I
jlCPERt.~lSSION
0 WARRANT 1400 -1700 Cool. oartlv cloudv. 45°F
IV. 1:::=o~•:,r, TIO;'; t..\' Al:.,•.cu: FF.OM
01 cc~;11,::1 02 CF 1.i:,1>e1 D•~•,,lu,,o,,J 03 TELEPHONE NO.
Bill Hevencr Weyerhaeuser, Plynouth 019 1793'-8208
O'-..-C.kSCN fi!:SPQN5:0LE. FOR SITE INS~ECHON FORM 0!; -\G!:t..:'r 06 onG,.NIZATrON 07 TELEPHONE NO. 06 CATE
D. Mc1rk DL~·ay /Pat DeRcsa NC DHR/DHS SHW Mgmt. Br. [phone] 01 130186 l.'0'/TH 0AY YEA.A -·-.
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I POTEtlTIAL HAZARDOUS VI ASTE SITE @,r::p,4. SITE INSPECTION REPORT
1. IDENTlrlCA TION
~ ·t·l-PART2-WASTEINFORMATION
. WA:.: ESTATES, QUANTITIES, AND CliARACTERISTl:S
I:;. w ~STE TYPE
t s:..u
c.w
so~
F$'.)
c-:c ,-~
e,s
C E. SL!J::,,RV
)(F. UQU::J
L G.GA.S
flhJs:,1•S cfw&llf' ,,,.,.,,,,r,11
TONS------
CUBIC YARDS
NO.OFORUfllS
Uncertain
X A. TOXIC
1J B. CORROSIVE
CC. RADIOACTIVE 9( 0. PERSISTENT
l(e.SOLU8LE
8 F INFECTIOUS
Ci G. Fl.A).11.'!ABLE
0 H. IGNITABLE
0 I. H. GHLY VOLA TilE
C J. ::.XPLCS:ve
C K FiEACTNE
0 ;__ t'.,'CC!/PATl8LE
0 ~-~~OT hf-PUCABLE
01 G~OSS AMOUNT 02 urm OF M::.ASURE 03 COWIIENTS
SLUD<iE
OILY WASTE
SOLVENT$
PESTICIDES
OTHER 0RG!~l1C CHEMICALS
ACIDS
BASES
HEAVY META:..S
Accordino to Weverhaeuser's
CERCLI\ 103(c) notification,
filed 11-18-81, rrercury waste
was disposed in an on-site
IDFL. A letter from B. Hevener
of Weyerhaeuser to Greg Fraley
of EPA-dated 6-29-83. indicates
that 57 lbs. of rrercurv was
di~sed in the WFL.
I 1·.,. HAz.r~F-iOOUS SUBSTANCES ,s,. AtOIIICr~ fo,n,oUlflQVlntlrt~•dCAS "'""'b•r1/
:~ c.:.~!:G:PT 02St.;9S7ANC~NAME 03CASNUt.i:BER
_t-tE8 I Merrurv 7439976
04 STORAGE/DISPOSAL 1/ETHOO
Co-dismsed with othe"
05 CONCENi!·U . .: iON
190 *
C'S ~•:::.ASURE OF
cor~cENTR.A.'!1:;r..1
nrm
I SLV Chranated Co=r
waste ID an old on-si :e
IDFL
Drumred and shi~ t i Unknown * nrm
A!:senate (CCA) GSX in Pinewood, SC.
ll-_;*:__.µW~10~•1J;:J•0 ·r;rha~e~,,,~~0 ~r•~e~s,J·~ .. ,•!!-[§]-~~-sLJ':f'Jia!!tLlrrr~,ay•~e!l.hi!,l''~',.!e~lge~c"'tr§!.!odeeQ!~SLjan~dµmar!!<'!lgb~l!,f..'..!Ce!e~lbl!JS~•-!..,..Jwh~igr~_iwe~re~--l
disoaed in the IDFL be 19 52-1' ,8, had absorbed no ITO ·e than 190 o :rn of mare ilI'Y
1---jr----~+-----------** · 'Pho site in ion rem 01ed an ex• 0 llent =ill nreventio svstem in r ace at
the wood treatrrent area, and it ed that no CCA rele 1ses had ed I =-:.·~ --· as a result of this acb vity, whicl has. been practiced at Weyerhaeuser in
Pl vmnuth since 1979. '11-"' renaindez of this SI fonn will ocus upon di ;oosal
I is deerred to be the onl; past acth i ty · at Weyerhaeuser no v posing a po :ential
:~~:_-1...:thr=.=cea::.t=....:to=-.::h:.=uman=::....:hc::e::::al~th::..:.....:iand==-...:th=e:.....::en:..:v...:'i::r' r<:..:o::nmen=::.:..:t..:.. ______ _._ _____ .1-. ___ -1
of mercurv waste at the acilitv' s )ld IDFL. On-site dis ...,.,sal of mare i.rv waste
I \', FE.EOSi'OCKS rSu At:•~=, •.i·C•S ...-J,.,D•rtJ
,:.a.re-:.OHl' Cl Fc;;;:;s:ocKNAME 02 CAS ~UMBER CATEGORY 0 I FEEOSTOCI< NAME 02 c•.s NUl-.'BER
FCS N~ FOO
\::.-:~;-;~.~.·;;;,;.-,,-,-=-,.-=-.-,,-------------------------------------------~
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POTENTIAL HAZARDOUS VJ ASTE SITE I. IDENTIFICATION
&EPA SITE INSPECTION REPORT 01 STATE I 02 SITE NUl.!9!:R
PART 3 • DESCRIPTION OF HAZARDOUS CONDITIONS AND INCIDENTS NC TIQQl ?7Q<;M1
II. HAZARDOUS CONDITIONS ANO INCIDENTS
Ot 7' A. GROUND'NATEA CONTAMINATION 02 □ OBSERVED (DATE: I )ef POTI"NTIAL 0 ALLEGED
03 POPULATION F'OTENTIALL Y AF=FECTEO: 04 NARRATIVE DESCRIPTION
GroW1dwater contamination has potentially oc=red at the site ' s old landfill due
to disposal of mercury-bearing waste between 1952 and 1968. Weyerhaeuser est:iJTiates
that the waste contained a total of 57 lbs. of mercury.
01 ~B. SURFACE \'✓ATER CONTAMlNATION 02 C OBSERVED(0ATE: I pi; POTENTIAL 0 ALLEGED
03 PULA TIQt,1 ?OTENTIALLY AFFECTED: 04 NARRATIVE DESCRIPTION
Highland Prong, a creek located approx:iJTiately 0.5 miles WNW of the landfill, and
the wooded marsh surrOW1ding it, are adjacent to the landfill and have potentially
been impacted fran landfill runoff and leachate. The Roanoke River, located 1. 25 mi
,_.1.TI•!E of +-ho landfi 11 could also =tentiallv be ;"""'cted.
01 .::; C. CONT AMl."lA TION OF AIR 02 0 OBSERVED (DATE: I 0 POTENTIAL 0 ALLEGED
03 POPULATION POTENTIALLY AFFECTED: 04 NAARA TIVE DESCRIPTION
Not suspected.
01 0 D. FIRE:EXPLOSlVE CONDITIONS 02 0 OBSERVED (DATE: I 0 POTENTIAL 0 ALLEGED
03 POPULAllON POTENTIALLY AFFECTED: 04 NARRATIVE DESCRIPTION
Not suspected.
'
01 0 E. DIRECT CONTACT 02 0 OBSERVED (DATE: I 0 POllcNnAL 0 ALLEGED
~3 POPULATION POTE!-ITl'-.ll Y AFFECTED: 04 NARRATIVE DESCRIPTION
Not suspected. ;
01 ~r CONTAMINATION OF SOIL 02 0 OBSERVED (DATE: I Pl POTl"NnAL 0 ALLEGED
03 A EA POTENTIALLY AFFECTED: 35-50 04 NAAAA TIVE DESCRIPTION
/AC,.11
Soil underlying the old landfill could potentially be impacted by leachate and
:r.unoff. The landfill covers 35~50 acres.
-~--·-·
01 [JG. DHlNKINGWATERCONTAMINATION 02 0 OBSERVED (DATE: I 0 POTENTIAL 0 ALLEGED
03 POP'JLA TION POTENTIALLY AFFECTED; IInknn.-.rn 04 NARAA TIVE DESCRIPTION
None known. Mercury contamination is not expected. (See Part 3 , IV).
01 CJ H.y✓ORr<.::A EXPOSURE/INJURY 02 0 OBSERVED (DATE: I 0 POTENTIAL 0 ALLEGED
03 WORKERS POTENTIALLY AFFECTED: Unknown· 04 NARRATIVE DESCRIPTION
Not suspected.
,.
Ol ~J 1. PO?ULqiQ:-l EXPOSURE,: :JURY 02 0 OSSErl\'L:D (DATE: I 0 POTENTIAL 0 ALLEGED
03 POPULA l!'.:it~ POTF.IHIALL Y AFFECTED: 04 NARRATIVE DESCR1PTION
Not suspected.
--·
s e:
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I. IDEtlTIFICA TION n n EPA POTENTIALHAZAROOUSWASTESITE ~(J .-~·. SITE INSPECTION REPORT 11. . PART 3 · DESCRIPTION OF HAZARDOUS CONDITIONS AND INCIDENTS
01 STATE102 SITE NUMBER
~r lnqq1?~nc.,n
~-HAZARDOUS co~:omor,:s AND INCIDENTS ,co .. ,, .... ,o,
C: _ J. DAMAGE TO FLORA
le.: t;~~mt..TIVE DESCRIPTION
None kno,,n .
02 0 OBSERVED !DATE: _____ ) 0 POTENTIAL D AU.EGED
f~ = K D,,_.!.~AGE TO FAUNA
.! NARRATIVE DESCRIPTION ,,,,c..,o#,u,.,m10IU>1r;,.,1J
02 0 OBSERVED (DATE: _____ ) 0 POTENTIAL 0 ALLEGED
None known. I o=-,:-::G::, L:-_::C::O::N::T::A::M::,N::A::ll::0::-N::O::F::F::O::D::D:-C::H::A:-,N::---------::D::2 =o:-o::-B::-S:-E:-A-V:-ED-,o-A_T_E_, =========~-)---[]-, -P-0-TE_N'T_IA_L_· __ O_A_L_LE_G_E_D __ -I
1,, N,sn~=:A:PTION
t~ ~ M. IJ'~ST ABLE CONT AINMEtH OF WASTES I~ , 5:M, Rc,,ioll:s,~""'"f; "011"1t tui..,g C'.'\lfflsl ·
2 POPULATION POTH./TIALLY AFFECTED: ______ _
02 0 OBSERVED (DATE: )
04 NARRATIVE OESCR!?TION
I Landfill is not lined,
at landfill.
tlrus leaching is possible. Runoff
0: ,___ N. C:/..MAGE TO OFFSITE PROPERlY
o.:. NARRATIVE DESCRIPTION
I Unknown.
I~ :: 0. CONfAMlNATIO. NOF SEWERS. STORM DRAINS, WWTPs
~ p,g,.::mA TIVE DESCRIPTION
Not suspected.
~' -· ?, l:LEGAl;UNAUTHORIZEDDUMPING
04 NA9AA TIVf. DESCRIPTK)N
tlol: suspected.
02 0 OBSERVED {DATE: )
02 0 OBSERVED (DATE: _____ )
02 0 OBSERVED (DATE: _____ )
KPOTENTIAL D ALLEGED
is also possible
0 POTENTIAL 0 AU.EGED
0 POTENTIAL D ALLEGED
[) POTENTIAL 0 ALLEGED
IE ~ESCF11=:ir10N OF
0
ANY OTHER KNO:'N, PO,TENTIAL. ~A ALLEGED HAZARDS •
Potential contamination exists around the old chlorine plant (see map). Area
around wood treating system is not believed to be contaminated.
!~•-;.:!.~T~O~T;A~L;P;O;P~U~L~A~Tl~O~N~P~O~T~E~N~T~IA~L~L~Y~A~F~F~E~C~T~ED~:JU~Jn~~~nowrt~~~l~n~O=>t=•==-='i=e~v=,~~=:;::DO~po:.:;;s;e;;a;.-=-=uu:e='==a~~~:=_v.:_::=:.=:-'.._::_::::_::.:::~ts
:·,. co1,,1,1::ms or plant employees) . r Steve Anderson of Weyerhaeuser stated on 1-23-86 that recent testing of the
clant's drinking wells indicated no contamination due to rrercury. He said
olant wells are in excess of 150' deep.
ll: soc.,;E_:..°F IN Fem.,:, 110N .,.,. ,, .. ,-"'""""' • , . .,,..,,.,_ .. ~"""''"" ,.,.,,,.
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Steve Anderson at Weyerhaeuser's envirorurental office, Plyrrouth, NC,
personal camrunication, 1-23-86.
----________________________________ _,
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I i---... r-s•r· .. -, ..... POTEIHIAL HAZARDOUS \'/ASTE SITE I. IOEttTIFIC.'. TIOH
~(' i:.:L "i _:~ SITE IIJSPECTION
01 STAT~ I 02 SITE ...:UI/.BER
I PART 4 • PERMIT AND DESCRIPTIVE lllFORl,IATION
~,,.. naa, ?7Q~u,
:1. F~~•:.n l!ffORr.~ATION
: ~ 7~ ;:r_ :: = F-!;RMIT ISSUED 02 PERMIT tJUt,'.9ER
=·•:• _. -.. ~,:,;,0'1)
03 DATE lSS:JED 04 EXPIRATION DATE 05 COMMENTS
I . ,;?r-ES NC0000680
C. 6. UIC
-t.lP. "· --· I :: J. r.CRA
--· RCR/, INl ERlf/ ST t.. TUS NC D991278540
'-!". SPCC PLAN
I = ::;. STATE •Sri*~·•,1
:: ~. i_QCAL,S(;~:,1~1
':: I. !Jli•':.P. tf::.:•:,,
I !: J. NOt~E.
:11. SITE DESCRIPTION
::,1 s·o~: G:: DISPOSAL ,c~u, •" 1~,-•~01,1 02 AMOUNT 03 UNIT OF MEASURE 04 TAEATM!;N! r::r•e• •U~•'.Wplyl 05OiHER
I : ;.... SIJ9FAC[ 1!:,;:outi::Jr.•,ENT 0 A. tNCEt~EAATI0N
= 5 P!U:.S 0 8. UNDERGROUND INJECTION
X A. BUILDINGS ON SrTE
,<c, o::iuMS, A80VE GR0UtlD :v:ar:j ab] e C C. CHEMICAUPHYS!CAL
I = 0. TANK, ABOVE GROUND 0 D. BIOLOGICAL
:-E. TANK. BELOW GROUND 0 E. WASTE OIL PROCESSING 06 A.A.EA OF SITE
'.5(.:. L;../ :o::-1LL 35-50 Acrei. 0 F.SOLVENTRECOVERY
= G. LA:./OF/..Rl..1 0 G. OTHER RECYCLING/RECOVERY 1000+ (AC,.1/
I = H. OPEN DUMP 0 H .. 0THER
::i I. OTHER
fSp,tcsfy/
/S;ec.'rl
::1 ::~.••.•!::;rs
I /
I
I'/. CONTAINMENT
I :i, c:o~. j A1:,P..IENT o~ WASTES 1c~.:~ 0,,#j
:.J A. f,DEOU;..TE, SECURE }(~·MODERATE 0 C. INADEOUATE. POOR 0 0. INSECURE. UNSOUND, DANGEROUS
::12 O::?:SCRIPTION OF ORUM$. DIKING, LINERS, BARRIERS, ETC.
I The old landfill is covered and grassed; h~ver it is possible that leaching
or runoff is occurring.
,. ,
V. ACC:SSIEILITY
I :)1 '.'/.I.STE EAS'.!.'1 ACCESSIBLE: 0 YES ~NO
: 2 COMME.NTS
Exact location of waste within IDFL is unknown. 11,000 lbs. of rrercury contaminated
waste is co-disposed with other waste over a 35-50 acre site.
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~':)~_•;:,ci::::$ or ,:..:r-o,:i: f, TIOU ,cu lt>f>N•C •• ,.,,,,Os. I 11 ~lllt , .... 5=P'••~·•,1•:, ••::o-r,,
L
RCRA Part A application, filed 11 14-80.
. As previously cited.
... , ..
: ~: ' ....... ,, __ ... ,,
I~ E1:1·"' POTENTIAL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITE I, IDENTIFICJ\ TION
.:.::. ·.., -.,,,, ;'~ SITE INSPECTION REPORT 0 1 STATE,')2 S:TE NUMSER
,t-LI ,~ W" r>OQl ?7Q<;An
PART 5 •VIA TER, DEMOGRAPHIC, AND ENVIRONMENTAL DA TA I C.RlflKlflG WATER SUPPLY
'.: 1 ':"'Yt'E 0~ ORINt<ING SUPPLY 02 STATUS 03 DISTANCE TO srre
::.••:• •1 a:,:;'.!,Olt/
J•.1MUN1TY
SURFACE WEa ENDANGERED AFFECTED MONITORED (fran WFL)
A.0 8. A. 0 8.0 c~ A. 1 (ml)
!-.C•J-COMMUNITY c.o D. D.0 E.D F )it 8. >o 5 (ml) I o;;our:oVIATER
. .:-,=.:.UND\VA TER USE IN VICINir< (C~•c• O"!~J
X ,._ o~L v souAce FOR □RINKING :::J e. 0RtNK1,m CC. COMMERCIAL, INDUSTRIAL. IRRIGATION 0 D. NOT USED. UNUSEABU:
(011!•• roun:u ,......,~, /l.rl~IO 0/111, 10&/,CU 011/a:,i.J
I COMMERCIAL INDUSTRIAL, IRRIGATION
f~o DII!•• """'' IOUl'Cfl •• ,w,t,ia,J
:::?ULI. '!l:)(J S!::.nveo SY G90U~D WATER --6._QQQ+ 03 O!STANCE TO NEAPEST DRlt~KING WATER WEU > 0.5 (ml)
S:•!::PTH TO GROUNDWATER 05 DIRECTION OF GROUNDWATER FLOW oe DEPTH TO AQUIFER 07 POTENTIAL YIELD OB SOLE SOURCE AQUIFER
OF CONCERN OF AOU!FER
~NO (est.) 0-2Q NE Q-2Q {hi \lnknown DYES
{tt) (gpd)
~es:_:q:p TIC!~ OF WELLS fl~C"'"'''-' us.n•. cm,,~. lflO' lac1r/oll ,.,.,..,. re pci,ull!/oll .,,., bu#d,.,g•I
;:,.quifer of concern is the shallow (water-table) aquifer, not be confused with the
aquifer that supplies water for both the town of Plymouth and the Weyerhaeuser plant.
Plymouth receives water fran three wells, each of which is approximately 250' deep.
Canbined safe vield __ , __ ...... r,f . •-~ l l c: > ~ -~ ,cf'\n ~
1 ::'• ::::;'.'.:..,1..= :;f A?l;A 11 DISCHARGE AREA
C:· Y=S COMMENTS ]I( YES COMMENTS Site is in Roanoke River
,o D NO Floodplain
tV.SUhFACEWATER I SC•'ACS WAlERUSE,c,,,,~.,
Ci A. PE3ERV01R, RECREATION 0 8. IRRIGATION, ECONOMICALLY )I. C. COMMERCIAL, INDUSTRIAL 0 D. NOT CURRENTLY USED
DRINKING WATER SOURCE IMPORT ANT RESOURCES r .a<ECTCD•POTENT<Af.l V AFl'ECTED 90D,ES OF WATER
~lAME: AFFECTED OIST ANCE TO SITE
1 --RoauokP -. D 0 25 (mi)
0 (ml) ---· .... ·----D (mij -· ... -... -.. f DEMOGCI.PHIC AND PROPERTY INFORMATION
TC!.;._ pQr'JLJ,. flON W,THi~ 02 DISTANCE TO NEAREST POPULATION
ON:;! 1 i M!:.E OF SITE TWO 12) MILES OF SITE THREE f3) MILES OF SITE
· • ___ lQ!)__ 8. 4700 C. 6000 0 75 (ml) l ""' :• ''-"'°'" •o o• .,s,o•s NO OF' P~RSONS
NU',119EF. C,F 8UILU'NGS WITHIN TWO (21 MILES OF SITE 0" DISTANCE TO NEAREST OFF•SITE BUil.DiNG
1500 (est.) 0.5 {mij t '0'"'-" 1'0<, wmm, VIC"'" OF S:TE ,-~~""'"''" ""'"'"" ""''"" ••oo~'""" .,,,," ~";' ,, .... , 0 N<II. VI.~•"•• O'enU'l" t)Ol)u/11«11.HN" aref)
The Weyerhaeuser facility in Plymouth is located in a rural, relatively uninhabited
l;'rea. The site itself is actually located one mile west of the Plymouth business
district. The nearest population to the site is found at a distance of 0.75 miles.
lt is estimated that 100 people live within a one mile radius of the site; 4700 live
I
1,,ithin a two mile radius; 6000 live within a three mile radius.
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8:[:[J/\ POTENTIAL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITE I. IDENTl<ICATION
SITE INSPECTION REPORT 01 STATEl~~~ENU~.BER
PART 5 · WATER, DEMOGRAPHIC, AND ENVIRONMENTAL DATA SV' ,l '>,o540
\'I, PNIRONMENTAL !~FORMATION
01 Fe::.-.•eABtUTY OF UNSA TUP;A, TEO ZONE ,c,.,•cto"•I occasionally sand~ clayey, silty, DA. 10-E -10-e cm/sec ~B. 10-• -10-gcm/sec OC.10-•-10-3 cm/sec O .GREATERTHAN10-3cmlaec
~2 PEP;l.~EABIUTY OF BEDMOCK/Cn•c-on~Unknown _ baserrent (bedrock) believed to be relatively irnperrreable.
C A. 1"1.0 ERMEABLE .J(. B. RELATIVELY IMPERMEABLE 0 C. RELATIVELY PERMEABLE 0 0. VERY PERMEABLE .~ .. ar,,~ ,o-e:,,,.,,.c/ no-'-,o-e:cmtf~) (10-: -,o-• cm uci /Gru1••r111.~ 10-l em 1.c/
03 0!:?1H T~DAOCK ) serrent 04 DEPTH OF CONT AMiNATEO SOIL ZONE OS SOIL pH
__lQQQ + (It) Unknown (It) 7.5 -8.5
C5 t;E":" PRECJPIT AltOI~ 07 ONE YEAR 24 HOUR RAINFALL OS SLOPE
49 3.5 SITE SLOPE I DIRECTION OF SITE SLOPE I
<l "NNW
TERRAIN AVEMGE SLOPE
(in) (In)· -NNE <. 1
03 !'LOCO POTENTIAL 10
S!TE IS IN 100 YEAR FLOODPLAIN )( SITE IS ON BARRIER ISLAND. COASTAL HIGH HAZARD AREA, RIVERINE FLOODWAY
1 1 o:sr .:.NCE TO WET;_Ar;CS 1! ,:,, ,.,.~,,.,..,m/ 12 DISTANCE TO CRITICAL HABIT AT 1co1•,,<1a"'7•••<1 •P•c•1I
ESTUARINE OTHER N/A (mi}
A. 0.25 (ml) e. N/A (ml) ENDANGERED SPECIES: N/A
1 3 LAN:) USE IN VICINITY
01ST ANCE TO:
RESIDENTIAL AREAS: NATIONAUSTATE PARKS, AGAICUL TUA AL LANDS COMMERCIAUINDUSTRIAL FORESTS, OR WILDLIFE RESERVES PRIME AG LAND AG LAND
A. ;, (ml) e. Q,:Z5 (ml) C. {ml) D. 2 -5 (mij
1 <: c:.sr:::;1r•TION OF SITE lrJ REL.ATIOtJ TO SURROUNDING TOPOGRAPHY
The wood treatment portion of this Weyerhaeuser plant is located,.as is the
rest of this plant, on flat land in the floodplain of the Roanoke River. The
old landfill is located :imrediately adjacent to wooded narsh and swamp.
VII. SOURCES OF INFORMATION re"• ,,,.c11-c "'"•ncu. •-o·. ,111• ,,. ... ._,.•"•'r•"· ,.PO,u1
1. uses, 7. 5' Topographic Maps, Plyrrouth East and Plymouth West, NC, 1954 (1974,
photorevised) and 1979, respectively.
2. us Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey Professional Paper 796, plates 4 and
3. Freeze, R.A. and Cherry, J .A., Groundwater, Prentice-Hall, Inc., New York, 1979.
4. Clay, Orr, Stuart, North Carolina Atlas, 1975.
' -"'' .,.., .1,r_,1 ..• 0H.-13(7 e,1
5. North Carolina State Governrrent Statistical Abstract, Office of State Budget and
Manage!Tl2nt, fifth edition, 1984.
"
2'
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1l&EPA POTENTII\L HAZARDOUS WASTE SITE I. l'.:JEN1:FIC..'.. TIOH
SITE INSPECTIOI~ REPORT 0~~:AIE l :~l~:~\;~~;40
PART 6 • SArl,PLE AND FIELD INFORMATION f SAMPLES TAKEN
I SAMPLE TYPE .
01 NUMBER OF 02 SAMPLES SENT lO l:'3:;STl!.IAlf:DOATE
SAl.tPLES TAKEt~ RE5~LTS AVAlL.J.lu..E_
11
GROUNDWATER NO Sl\MPLES '1'7\KEN
SIJRFACE WATER
II WASTE
AIR
I ~ RUI-JOFF
SPILL
I SOIL
VEGE fATlON
I OTHF.R
Ill. FIELD MEASUREMENTS TAKEN
Ct TYPE 02 COMMENTS
I NO MEl\SUREMENrS T/\KEN
I
I IV. PHOTOGRAPHS AND MAPS
I 01 TYPE C GROUND X AERIAL I 02 1N cusrOov OF NC Solid and Haz. Waste M9!:f,t. Branch, Raleiah,
/Nim• DI 01!7111/Tl/>:)I! <Jt ,r,:,v,cv1lj
CJ v..:.PS Q( LOCATION OF MAPS
'.Kl'ES
0 l,IQ NC Solid and HazardOlJS l'.las..t.eJigmt • Bram::b, Ral~igh, NC.
NC.
I V. OTHER FIELD DATA COLLECTED /Provod1n,,,.11v10,w,111,011/
None.
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' VI. SOUllCES OF INFORMA T!ON /Crlt< Jfl<ICif,c ,~,••encn, "-~. · s:,11e lo/et. umplt '"~•~S•s. :~tirm~:
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U•t. FC.,f,1.: ?OHJ, 13 P·O 11
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I POTENTIAL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITE I. IDENTIFICATION
S.EPA SITE INSPECTION REPORT 01 STATE l02 SITE NUMBER
NC D991278540
l CURRENT OWNER(S)
PART 7-0WNER INFORMATION
PARENT COMPANY r11~aDo1111
~1 N.l.ME 02 0 + 8 NUMBER 08 NAME 09 0+ 8 NUMBER
J l'leverhaeuser Co. 991278540 Weverhaeuser Co. Unknown
• 3 Sl!=lEET ADDRESS WO S<u. RFD,. 1te./ lo" SJCcooe 10 STREET AODRESS/P.O. Bo•. RFOI. etc.I I', SIC CODE
SR 1565 2421 2421
r=~vm'1Utll
1°6 ST,..TE 07 ZlP CODE 12CITY r3;TE 14 ZIPCOOE
NC 27962 Tacana 98477
.:;1 NAME. 02 O+B NUMBER 08 NAME 09D+BNU._.BER
I t3 SlREET ADDRESS,, 0 .... s,o '· "'·' r• $IC CODE 10 STREET AODRESS/P.O. So•. RFD,. 11c.J I'' SIC CODE
C 5 CITY resr.-.re 07 ZIPCOOE 12 CITY r3 STATE 14ZIPC00E
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01 N.t.ME 020+BNUMBER 08NAME 09 O+B NUMBER
I 3 STREEi A0~1RES$rP.O Be,. RFO •. •:: / I°" StCCOOE ,o STREET ADDRESS IP.0 eo •. AFOI, •tc.J ,, ,siccooe
-;5 C:TY 1°6 SH,TE 07 ZIP CODE 12CITY r3 STATE 1,1 ZIPCOOE
I :;1 NAVE 02 D+BNUMBEA 08 NAME 09D+BNUMBER
.
I OJ STREET AOORESS1,..o So•. RFD,. trc.J I°' SIC CODE tO STREET ADDAESSl,..O. 8o•. AFO, .• ,c.J r tSK: CODE
OS Cl7Y 106 STAT 07 ZlPCOOE 1': CITY rJSTATE UZlPCODE
I Ill. PREVIOUS OWNER(S) 11.-•---· IV. REALTY OWNER(S) 1•~;.,__....c....i1nn
01 NAM~. 020+BNUMBER 01NAME 02 O+BNUMBER
unknown ' (sane as owner)
I 03 STREET ADDRESS r ... o. 8o1. AFO •. flC,I I 04 ~CCOOE 03 STREET ADDRESS1,..0. lloi. AFO,.etc.J 104 SICCOOE
.
CS CITY 1°6S1ATE 07 ZIP CODE 05 CIT'I' .1°6 STATE 07 ZtP CODE
I 01 NAME 02D+BNUMBER 01 NAME 02 D+ B NUMBER
I 03 STREET ADDRESS,,. O &o•. Aro,. ele.l 104 SICCOOE 03 STREET AOORESSf,..0, 8o1, AFO,. ete.J to• StCCODE
I
05CrTY (°6 STAT.E 07 ZIP CODE 05Cm 106STATE 07 ZIPCOOE
.::1 t,;AIJ.E 02 Q-,. B NUMBER Q1NAME 020+BNUMBER
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J3 sTnEET ADDRESS tP,C, lb•. ltfQ •. •lc.J Io_• sic cooE 03 STREET AODRESSf,._0, 8o1. 1tro , . .ic.J I 04 SIC CODE
Jsc1n 1°6STATE 07 ZIPCf)DE 05 ClT'I' r6 STATE 07 ZIP CODE
'..J. SOUfiCES OF It :FORMATION ,c~• 1t1""-c ,.,.,.,.en •·P . ,,.re f#II, •-'-.,,,.,,,,._ ••oort•J
7\;: pr.e\'iousl y cited.
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POTENTIAL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITE
SITE INSPECTION REPORT
PART 8 • OPERATOR INFORMATION
I. IDENTIFlCATION
01 STATEI02 SrTE NUMB!::R
NC I D991278540
• CURRENT OPERATOR OPERATOR"S PARENT COMPANY ,,_,,,.,
Cl NA.VE 02D+BNUMBER
l s?mce as avmerl
TP.EET A.0:>RESS (P.O, 6or, FIFO I, •1t.J 04 SIC CODE
06STATE::107 ZIPCOOE
I
~! '(EARS OF OPERATION 09 NAME Of"OWNER
I PREVIOUS OPERA TOR(S) ,,,,,_., ____ ,,_~.~, ........ ,-•• M,
02 O+B "!UMBER
lln,Jmnwn
SmEET ADDRESS /fl>.O Bo•, RFO•. ere I a, StCCODE
06STATE 07ZtPCODE
09 NAYE OF OWNER OUFIING THI$ PERIOD
02 O+B NUMBER
I STREET ,ooRESS,r.o .. , . .,o, . .,,, 04 SIC CODE
•~5ClTI 08 STATE 07 ZIP CODE
I YEARS oF OPER• noo 09NAMEOFOWNEROUR!NGTI-l~PE~OD
02 O+BNUMBER
03 STREE'T .a.DORESSl"'-0. 8o•. ,u,o,. •Ic.I 04 SICCOOE
le~ 015STATE 07Z1PC00E r YEAAS OF OPERATION 09 NAME OF OWNER DURING THIS PERIOD
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10 NAME
( same as owner' s l
t 2 STREET ADDRESS fP.O. Dor, FIFDI, •rc.J
1 4 CITY
13S.'CCODE
15STATE 16ZIPCOOE
PREVIOUS OPERATORS' PARENT COMPANIES r,,_.i,e•"'-1
TO NAME 11 o+e NUMBER
12 SmEET ADDRESS (P.O. &r. RFDI, etc.) 13 SICCOOE
UCITY 15STATE 1ezIPCOOE
10NAME t 1 01-B NUMBER
12 STREET ADDRESS ,,._o_ 8oA, "'°'· •lc.) 13 SICCODE
, • crrv 15STATE 16ZIPCOOE
10 NAME 11 o+e NUMBER
12 STREET ADDRESS /P.O. SOI:, N'OI, •IC./ 13 SICCOOE
,,c1n-15SlATE HIZIPCOOE
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POTENTIAL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITE I. IDENTIFICATION
I &EPA SITE INSPECTION REPORT 01 STATE,02 SllE NU"'18ER ·
PART 9 · GENERATOR/TRAN!'PORTER INFORMATION NC 0°0 1278540 .
It ON-SITE GENERATOR
I ::;, N,1.,.~E 02 D+BNUMBER
(SaITe as a,.ne::-)
;:: 3 SihEET ADDRESS tP.O &c•. ,;co•. 11c.J 04 SIC CODE
I : ~ c:,' 06S1.A.TE 07 ZIP CODE
I Iii. OFF-SITE GENERATOR(S)
.: 1 t-.J.\IE 02 0+8 NUMBER 01 NMI.!: 02 0+8 NUMBER
N/A
I '-'J :;•r:tE; /,\1D;1£:sS /P.0 e.,,.,ir:,,_.,c./ 0.C SiCCOOE 03 STREET .ADDRESS /P.0 9o•. RFD'. •re./ 04 SIC CODE
·: S C'T'Y 06 STATE 07 ZIP CODE 05 CITY I°" STATE 07 ZIP CODE
I .:. : f.~•.·.!: C2 D+B NUMBER 01 t.AtJE 02D+BN'JM6ER
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I : J 5 *:,;:;; A:;~RESS /PC tb 11~0• •re J 0-4 SIC CODE 03 srn:;ET ~pDRESS (P.O. Bo•. AFO#, ,,c,/ 0-4SICC00E
: ~ : -' oe STATE 07 ZIP CODE 05 CITY l°"SWE 07ZIPCO0E
I IV. TRANSPORTER(S)
.: 1 r,,.:.ME · 02 D+BNUMBER 01 NAME 02 o+e NUMB!::R
I : 3 $7AEET ADDRESS fF'.O. &o•. AFO , . .re./ 04 SIC CODE 03 smee, ADDRESS (P.O. &o•. lffO# •• ,c.J 04 SIC CODE
I C5 CfTY oeSlATE 07 ZIP CODE 05 CrTY re STATE 07 ZlPCOOE
,, N~E 02 O+B NUMBER 01 NAME 02 O+B NUMBER
I ~F.I AUCJtlES.S/P.O Sa•. Fll'O•. •tc.J 04 Ste CODE 03 STREET AOORESS fP.O. &o•. ftl'O ,, •"·' 04SICCOOE
I ::,5 CITY oe STATE 07 ZlPCOOE OOCITY r6STATE 07 Zl'PCOOE
V. SOURCES OF INFORMATION ,c .. .,.C1"11: ,.,•••"C••· •·P,. ,r.i, '"•· _.,.. .. .i,a.11, ,.P<>rnl
I As previously cited.
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I POTENTIAL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITE I. IDENTIFICATION
$EPA SITE INSPECTION REPORT 01 STATE,02 SITE HUI.ABER
l PAST RESPONSE ACTIVITIES
PART 10 • PAST RESPONSE ACTIVITIES .. -noo, -,,i:,c;~n
01 :) A. WATER SUPPLY CLOSED 02 DATE 03AGENCY
I OA DESCRIPTION
N/A
01 0 B. TE,.,...PORAAY WA TEA SUPPLY PROVIDED 02 DATE 03 AGENCY
I 04 DESCRIPTION
N/A
1)1 :J C. PERMANENT WATER SUPPLY PROVIDED 02 DATE 03AGENCY
04 DESCRIPTION
I NIA
01 0 0. SPIUED MATERIAL REMOVED 02 DATE 03 AGENCY
04 DESCR:PTION
NIA
01 0 E. CONTAMINATED SOIL REMOVED 02 DATE 03AGENCY
04 OESCFl!PTION
N/A
01 CJ F. WASTE REPACKAGED 02 DATE 03AGENCY
0~ DESCRIPTION CCA sludge from wood treating is placed in drums prior to disposal.
01 fi4 G. WASTE DISPOSED ELSEWHERE 02 DATE 03AGENCY
04 DESCRIPTION
CCI\ sludges disposed of in Pinewood, SC at GSX Services.
I 01 '1( H. ON SITE BURIAL 02 DATE ,_ I 03AGENCY
0, DESCRIPTION 11; 000 lbs. of spent graphite electrodes and warble cells containing
mercury were disposed in an on-site IDFL which measures 35 to 50 acres.
I 01 _,I.IN SITU CHEMICAL TREATMENT 02 DATE 03AGE~CY
04 DESCRIPTION
N/A
01 0 J. IN SITU BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT 02 DATE 03AOENCV
I 04 DESCRIPTION
N/A
01 0 K. IN srru PHYSICAL mEATMENT 02 DATE 03AGENCY
04 OESCnlPTlON
NIA
01 t.., L. ENCAPSULATION 02 DATE 03AGENCY
04 DESCRIPTION
NI"
01 ~ M. EMERGENCY WA::;TE TREA.TMENT 02 DATE 03 AGENCY
04 DESCRIPTION
I l\1/n
01 0 N. CUTOFF WALLS 02 CATE 03AGENCV
04 DESCRIPTION
I l\l / 1'
01 u 0. Et.iERGEHCY OIKING:SURFACE WATER OIVERSl')N 02 DATE 03 AGENCY
04 OCSCRIPTION
I "'" c: [; P. CUTOFF ffiENCHES.SUMP 02 DATE 03 AGENCY
0.t DESCRIPTION
"I" I 0' [: 0. SUBSURFACE CUTOFF WALL 02 DATE 03 AGENCY
Cl DESCRIPTION
N/i\
.
POTENTIAL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITE I. IDENTIFICATION
3EPA SITE INSPECTION REPORT 01 STATE' 02 SITE HUM9ER
OC D991278540 PART 10 • PAST RESPONSE ACTIVITIES
"AST RESPONSE ACTIVITIES ,c..,.-,
01 0 A. BARRIER WALLS CONSTRUCTED 02 DATE 03 AGENCV
I 04 DESCRIPTION
NIA
01 0 $. CAPPING 'COVERING 02 DATE 03 AGENCY
I 04 OESCR!r'TION
N/ll
01 0 T. BULK TANK.AGE REPAIRED 02 DATE 03AGENCY
04 DESCRIPTION
I 1\1/a
01 0 U.GROUTCUATAINCONSTAUCTEO 02 DATE 03AOENCY
04 DESCRIPTION
I N/A
01 0 V. BOTTOM SEALED 02 DATE 03AGENCY
04 DESCRIPTION
N/A
01 0 W. GA.$ CONTROL 02 DATE 03 AGENCY
,:;.: DES~RIPT10N
N/A
I 01 0 X. FtRE CONTROL 02 DATE 03AGENCY
04 DESCRIPTION
N/A
I 01 C Y. LEACH A TE TREATMENT 02 DATE 03AGENCY
04 DESCRIPTION
N/A
I 01 G Z. AREA EVACUATED 02 DATE 03 AGENCY
04 DESCRIPTION
. N/A
01 )I( 1. ACCESS TO SITE RESTRICTED 02 DATE 03AGENCV
I 04 DESCRIPTION
Access is restricted for security purposes.
01 0 2. POPULATION RELOCATED 02 DATE 03AGENCY
I 04 D£:SCRIPTION .
N/A
01 0 3. OTHER REMEDIAL ACTIVITIES 02 DATE 03AGENCY
04 DESCRIPTION
I None.
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I
f"· SOURCES OF INFORMATION fCne sc,c~~ ,,,,,,.,,n •.o .. 11,1, r,.1. tt<T>DI• ,.,,,rs11 ,.IXl,nl
As r~eviously cited.
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oEPA
.. ENFORCEMENT INFORMATION
POTENTIAL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITE
SITE INSPECTION REPORT
PART 11 • ENFORCEMENT INFORMATION
l PAST P.:GU:.....Al0f1:YIENFORCEMEffl ACTION O YES NO
2 DES.:::RJ:>no.., OF FEDERAL. ST.I.TE, LOCAL. REGULATORY/ENFORCEMENT ACTION
.~.s pre\·iously cited.
I. IDENTIFICATION
01 STATE 02 SfTc N~R NC D991278540
'. I~~::.;:. ~: -
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Ref. 12
Mr. Thomas Devine, Director• . ~~~ ~e~~~~rt~us ,~~~t~ Prio•·_· ams
345 Courtland St., N.E. ·,· ·. __ ·
Atlanta, GA 30365 "'····• -·-· ···.· ..
. -·--.• c.:. ·;:! :-:-. -~ : .
,..., ..
I •
Weyerh.:.._,user Company
N. C. Region Headquarters
P.O. Box 1391
Streets Ferry Road
New Bern. N. C. 28580
1919) 633-7100
December 7, 1981
• Dear Sir: ·);1{1:l:i\it•:tf:f=l).t_-J .. , _ • ....
This letter is:'in'.reference· tci our Mr~ Jerry Coker' s letter of November
18, 1981 (copy.attaclied) filing a notification for inactive past disposal
practices· at oiir PJyniriuth; N.· · CY fiber products facility/· and my recent
conversation ·with'"your_J:lr; Jim Scarbrough. We are requesting a revision -C
·.· of the notification .bas"ed··o,i•·recent tests perfonned on old electrodes . · .
. .. used under similar:'°coridi_tioris: You will .recall I mentioned the figures ,,-.:'
we reported were based on engineering judgment of the amount of mercury · ·· ·
I
absorbed by ~c"ai-boii ·eJectr'odes. , ·: -.. · · . . . . _ .... -..
· :. : .:,· :·i~~:.r.~·;\f-~~ifr~_t:~~\:1~-~~~f:\~,:{_:: .. · . . --.
The measured quant1,ties _were considerably lower than estimated, resulting
in a probabli:{ldisp.cisaF·ov·ifr the·pe;jod of. operation from 1952 until 1967 ·•
of some 38. poi.i'n"ifsioLmerci.rry/'and an additional 9D pounds during the ,i,; ·
period betwee.~_,].9~fand_,l_97~ whe11.the structures were demolished and. ,;~.. •.
·. disposed of;;;.:;:,Ari?~Jfoi::t'was\made to remove all_ res.idual mercury when the··•~;:'i('
.. plant was'shuf''i:lciwii":iii"'l967;''arid this was shipped to·another plant in '·· ·• •'~,"-
operation at .. -that·.time •. ::.:Also, an analysis of the .last tank demolished, .. ,·
in _1979, -.S,h~:i~~;,l~i~~~l_12i~~\:~e~c~ry • ·· :\ :;:,-i:::· :{';?~0 '. ·· :~ ::· '<~•:~-/.?:
If you need additional information, please contact me . Coker.
· .':~ -/:~-:-~;?~S{/.J.~~·t.}{?//{:.~)::_.:-· · -.
Yours
....,,u.,,·nffa i rs Manage_ri\:
: ~-~:~_;:\-~.:;:; ·_:·:.:::'.
. . •. ---,--' ~.·;: :
( ---·-·--,,,.. ·:·-·· _._ ... -•:.""::
\. Weyerh~~~~-Co~p;~,>~_~:~~. ·
Ref 13
I ,t,,w---P.O. Box 1391 . . . .-,, · : • . . ··,"ft:f-\ ·,: '{·'·
.I
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✓ .. / .. ~~~-__ cto-.,;~\ N.C.Re:~~~~~ ...... '.··::~-:'.i:<(H-::--·.
. ~ . ~~~l ~i:.i0.::;:;:c,;:';l;ft1~\XfYtF~/:~;~1 ;ti:.. r-;-.. : . . .. ,'ii:;:_ . ':-·· --~--~ .",:,.:·:c:_,,/.;\. '· ·,<''{.--
. i
• • ' •• • • I .-!'I_', ·· ~?\;;'.:-':\·.';i•'.
"3 '3_ -.. '/46_ .. ~-... 1· I ·:.,•·,·:· Greg Fraley,;._~,-.--....:.._ -1 ·· ~4~-~~u~~~!~~ ~t-N.E. ':;-::\l~:c::. ···c'
· ---·· Atlanta, GA '30365-•. :· '<< -·
De~r ·Mr-JF~~;~;.;:,tf, ... :i~~)::Y;~}s:r,;jfe)fi'(7)•,t½~df6~'))\I)'.::· c' .;1,,
:;-=;.. f::\:· _. ::1'>;,,
. ' ;,,., ..... ..
,.;,;_;.·.::-: .•. :·· -
~ · · . ··_ -· . ..-r.--.-,.-_~;~:. ,_._ ~ .. -: ~::_ .. I~---·>~;··::·:::."· :·-~·r ... _. -. : . ·. ':'.::··_:; .. ~--~,,,.\~ _::·_:-,1 > . :_· .. /-~:.t~?//_:::.:. -,._·J~;::~.tj_yz.izt;.cti~~}#f?fY< . In respons~.Jci. S~per!und · ~oti_"~catio~. regui r:ements;/the. We,Yerhaeusej;:::,$~f~~i/w~+i~i'.::,, Plymouth North Carol ma M1ll f1led a not1ce on November. 18, 1981 thi\tti,)i;,~?Jf-;,\,.-c,'-'::C'. . .. a possi.~le hazar~ous _waste site existed at the Plymouth, operation.·,:, ~J~]l~~~:0Ji,ij,t;:/\: The not1ce ·was ·f1led due to the concern that mercury may have gotten:.\f~:,";:it•':.o'·t•:': .·.,, .. • into .. the l andfil Lfrom discarded graphite electrodes and marble eel lsJ"if;\.%~"'f-''_;,;',?\ ·· which were.or:igirially part of a mercury .cell chlorine plant operating·.i;_&,fii1B't;:r/;:5;\: . at the milLbetween 1952 and.1968; .· A judgement of possible mercury''.;:<f:i'f.f::};;()•c.:-:-;· concentratiOns '.1tj"_the. graphite electrodes and rnarb le· ce 11 s''was. made :tiy'.'.tJ.'\a.t·:<f/:{'.{'. _:_· a corporate engineer in .Tacom.i'.,;,'.:Jhe a100unt of discarded 'electrodes .anif "':;:',.,;.;,,, .. cells was es(imated by'talking to'.-a:retired employee·-stil(:living ,iri/Ht-,, ·,:.~f\f,;:Ji; ·:-the area.)· From'thi(trifOrmation:it 'was' estimated thaf"there'mighf-be'fff)1t~fi!_.,,,,:.t''
. ~s. much as c)}!Oopc)o(!rl~~:<!f;,,~rcury )n. . t~e. <>l d __ ~an~fi~r:~,{teel ing __ th_~;_;rt~i?{¥;i;.tihV: 1 t was better:·to •·err .on;:tlie'iS 1de of caut1 on,· .. th1 s est1mate: was used. 1n:·~c;<l,/';--, ·.-:;·;, ·:.::.:,'."
the. s ?e .. f i l \"t<:\·;:;:iti!I~'.,\< '., \ : :,, ': .:.--.-: . ~:·::::}~·Jf ~~;;]r;'}} ·.. \-s;;;;!!!l:j::/; . \ later ,in the sarne''riionth:we/ha,d Ji led site notificatfon,·we received ·:,/,i\i.tt·)?· . . . . information on the actuaLmercury c:oncen_tration Jn graphite e_l ectrodgiC.fro1f':',,. ,. ·-.our Longview Washington mHh;-:::,tongview ·had operated a similar _and .Jar£}er.1-'/,;\:;;t,.'tf;': · _ .... mei:-c~ry ch~ or) ne operatio_r{_~(:~-~~!l_,I: Jre same per_iod ~s . .f.lymouths '·. if,;i;~fii{Jf.~ifi;/._:,c; This data rnd 1ca ted that graph1t~ .. mercury concentrat10ns, were actual JY//ti~t;tjf::-~;:;_:-:•:-. l 90ppm rather th~.n ,the· 5;ti;~.i:i§9.,]99PPlll w~-~ad_· or,igi11a1_1y:_~se~; \ Usiri'ii,$tf,f;1;)0i;J/: · .. ·. th_e .: ~ c tu al /c_oncen tr~t. i o~~ l.rA~:}OY,r,-;:S ! s ~er,:pl ~ntJJ,i!fl~.l_YJ~Si~e, f ounf;ou,tt~%k:6::'fii,'}!}: poss 1 bl e' mercury._ amount'not•,,to.;,be :.11 ;000 pounds ,\·but :ra ther,:60 pounds .• '.;;•:.,;,;,".'>'?J'/,::,c:::::. -On. the bas)s o'.. th~ ; nf,ri/jiia fi?ti\;/Gl ef ,Wood )f: ~~Yfrh:aeii~if~~to~e jo:''::j1i11:lrt.it;;-:/. Mr.· Thomas Dev me·, E:P.:A./.Reg10n JV ,.on December.•7 ~ 'J.981. and· requested :1'..c'.:;;:/'{,J'://~'.t< · notification be modified·'o'r:'withdrawn·sirice we were'wellbelow the )?\:/r);I';';J;;?,;
•,, .. , .. -.--~ .. .. -.,· ·:• . . ;;,;,•,~-.....
.I~: ;~· Mr. Farley
(
Page Two
I Reviewing the calculations they are as follows:
Original filing
Mercury from graphite electrodes
Mercury from Marble cells·
· Total
.... ·:::~!::,::~:~~~:. ;;,~:,::"··•· ·•··
_.· 10,000 PPM of mefc~~y in marble.
··.,:. ··::: ;.'"·• :··,·c-;,:·.· •. .-:..; . -····--· •..
10,000 LB
1,000 LB
11,000 LB
Longview ana
0
lysis;: graphitrtJ~Jenti-ations ,190 PPM. Marble not analyzed
but 190 PPM used (actual absorption of mercury by marble probably much
lower-th'an graphite) •..... · •·:·•· ' · .... ·:,-.,,, ·., ,._
... : _· :: .... ::;:~-:.<:\\t~t:.;_: __ ::_.,/,.?/::\:i~\~::~~\):·-_ ·-_. __ '."~~::;_~i-/\-.:-· --.
Correction· of reported pounds~·of mercury/?:··
Mercury· in· . 190° pp~\?}¾??:{),:;. , ,,,It.:,, -• · .
graphite = 50,000 PPM x\o~OOO LB '<t 38 LB
• • ,• -•• ¥,0 O ,\ ·•M•'•"•;:. 0 ,,,.,;'"•"•'•••• , , , ••• ' • '' ., •:,-•;.,.,, .. , •
• -,:~;( .. ·
I Mercury in _ i90 PPM . . . -· ·
. ... . . Marble Cells~-10,000 .PPM X 1,000 LB '~: 1\{\s --.. ::_:~t .. ~---'_::_-·. _.. .. . ·-··· -. ·-•:··-···-;:,-,:~.'.tF:~ =-~;-. --· .. ::•·;·_, .. , .. ~-'----
··:,\:.' ~-.. ... . . :-,_:.~::~r~t,'.?:·.':.:~·;\}:Y\i:i~;J~~~a}:dt(i~:7.':~.~B : : . . ... . . ... .· . . .
~,:(t( . .In March 1980.we .perfonned ,Jeachate chec:ks on the old Plymouth landfill
__ . lf}!i:;i'..7•--·--~~dt~;:l;If:;;li~,;!.,~i;:~-~I1i;i].1~~niJ,~I1:~,;~1;~:._A 1 so attached are copies
·t"'.''if.-!:,;,,•, .. '.'·,.We ho pit· thi s''infonriatiori'"arid·:·your site 'review wi 11 clear up
·•·• '.~·.:.,,-... . concerning our·erroneous registration of this· site. If any additional
.. :;:-'. . information. is needed please .contact me at [phone] in New Bern .
. -.. : .. .-_·:,:::-.. ~:--::-/:::.:'-:~:_.:..:,·.:\ .. -· ' -·.--· '
1'::i•···
I
. .· ' ·:--~-~:-~;~~·i?~->·:;/::· :·.·_-_.__ .
. · ... ·.\-~-:--·.. . r .... ,.r .
• ,_. -I"
cc: . . · .. -~ .:
. ~~ !~ ~~~;ii~t{'.•;i;tf}.{.{i ·;\t:. . ..
. ,., :·:</·.·:··_·
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Ref. 14
//\" B \ ·\. '\Veyerhar· ,scr Con1pany
•November 18, 1981
Hr. Paul Keith
: RCRA Activities
EPA Region -IV .:. . . .. · .. c:t:, .. • .. :::-c<: ·· ·
344 Courtland Street~ N.E. ,;,;:?\<
::::·::: :.,:~''.' ,:~iiix
J'lymoulh. North CArolinn 27082
(010) 793-BIU
Attached is a't~~1~,~~~tio; ~f?~b.hiz;rdbus waste site located near
: : Weyerhaeuser' s · Plymo1.Jth ~ _N~fJ:b't~~i:-olina Fiber .Products Facility • . < The notification is filed :for',/inactive. past disposal practices.
1 ::::.;::_"~'.~t our Pl;~~~~i:!i}rfj'i~:•.wi·,~;~{\~P{\i:ercury eeii chlorine plant frol8·., .•,, .... ,., ... ,
I _ _.
..
·. "19.52 until 1968;· As· a normal'priictice; mercury was used in the cells
and was not disposed of in:any:~ignificant quantity •. However, we ..
have recently learned that graphite-·electrodes contacting the mercury
absorb significant ·.·amounts· of·'·mercury. · Once or twice a year as the
. electrodes wore "out, they we.re· .disposed in the normal mill waste.
We have also iearrt!!d that c~rtiiin·:vessels and· tanks used in the
.· chlorine plant'·niai have ~bsorliiid;''s;,,all amounts of mercury in the walls .·., .. ,,,,.,._,.
I:>,:' and liners.\"-,Thii; )n,ateria\,>i,~ffj~,ls? d~sposed_wi~h th_e normal mill, ;c;~;::
: ::itf}(;a_ste w~~l}~~;&~il~~4:~i~lTu:iriii~~r;t0~h~d. :.;\_ '::· ::: •· ., . ·•.·.···,•· ·;,,i:1,:;(~j/~c:
I .:"'':if ,:::e ::~ i ~~n ~~-~~;;:;;;~~~~I~~;_t~;[~,I;i: ; ~:~~m:~=n~==ni:~:! :~d s~n 1:~; :·\~':}:;,!f ~•···
· <?;/::_is difficult to'· fully ,deteririine:,,ifxact quantities and disposal practices;~c::,.,f;; ·
. ,'••··-•'. -. ·······:•-··-------·. ----~-··••···· .. ,·--•'··•:•---,, .... ·•-•···· . ~---. . .... -
I :,:.·. If any furt~er.::pert1.nent· .inform .. ~t .. 1.on.1.s gathered, we will notify you.:::,·~f:C;i>D.
However, if you have any qu_es.tions concerning t):iis matter, feel free to·
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Ref. 15
A Report Prepared for
Weyerhaeuser Paper Company
Post Office Box 518
Plymouth, North Carolina 27%2
FINAL CLOSURE REPORT
.. ··-
FORMER CHLORINE PLANT BUILDING
WEYERHAEUSER PAPER COMPANY
PLYMOUTH, NORTH CAROLINA
HLA Project No. 20066
by
,,,fln-:esH. Flynn /
;;/ Senior Hydrogeologist '
,1/
Richard S. Reis, P.E.
Senior Associate Engineer
Harding Lawson Associates
1325 Fourth Avenue, Suite 1800
Seattle, Washington 98101
[phone]
October 29, 1992
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Harding Lawson Associates
2.0 SITE DESCRIPTION
The Weyerhaeuser Compa!!y operates a wood products manufacturing, pulp and paper complex in Plymouth,
North Carolina (Figures I and 2). The complex occupies an area of approximately four square miles adjacent to
the south side of the Roanoke River in Martin County. A mercury cell Chlorine Plant operated at the site from
1952 to 1968. The Chlorine Plant building was located approximately 100 feet south of the river in the northern
part of the pulp and paper plant (Figure 3).
2.1 BUILDING/PROCESS DESCRIPTION
The Chlorine Plant building was constructed of brick, concrete, and steel. Preliminary design drawings
provided by Weyerhaeuser indicate that the building was approximately 70 feet wide (north to south) and
120 feet Jong (east to west) (Figure 5). The building was approximately 35 feet high and included a second
story over a portion of the western half of the building. The floor·of the building was cast to include a number
of concrete trenches and drains (U-drains) which conveyed liquids as part of the mercury cell process. The
U-drains were typically 1.0 to 2.0 feet deep and 1.5 feet wide. The U-drains were connected to a concrete sump·
which was used to collect mercury. Several chemical storage tanks for brines and other solutions were also
located in the building.
Chlorine was produced using the mercury cell chlor-alkali process (Figure 6) in which a salt brine flowed on
top of liquid mercury inside marble cells {electrolyzers). The mercury was used as a flowing cathode and
current was passed between the mercury and fixed carbon anodes. Electrolysis of the salt brine produced
chlorine gas and amalgamated sodium. The amalgam then flowed into a decomposer, where fresh water
reacted with the amalgam to form sodium hydroxide and hydrogen gas, stripping the sodium from the
mercury. The mercury was them pumped back into the cell in a closed-loop process.
The floor of the Chlorine Plant building was sloped towards a series of trenches (U-drains) that ran north and
south across the building (Figure 5). During operations, spilled process fluids would flow or be swept toward
these trenches, which connected to an east-west collector trench that ran along the north side of the building.
This trench drained to a collection sump which in turn discharged to a drainage trench outside the north wall
of the building. Elemental mercury was collected in the sump and was periodically removed for recycling.
2.2 GEOLOGY
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A geotechnical exploration program was conducted in 1981 (Law, 1981) in the vicinity of the Chlorine Plant I
building to provide information needed to design the foundation for a proposed cooling tower structure.
During the investigation, four borings were advanced to depths ranging from 20 to 60 feet below ground
surface. Soils beneath the site were found to consist of 8 to 12 feet of loose, sandy fill with cinders, gravel,
traces of wood fragments and pockets of soft, silty clay. The fill overlies a loose to firm sand with little or no
silt which extends to depths between 32 and 37 feet below grade. The Yorktown formation was encountered
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beneath the sands and consisted of firm, greenish grey, silty, clayey sand with numerous shell fragments and
pockets of clay. Between depths of 47 and 52 feet, the Yorktown formation transitions into a firm, greenish
grey, silty, marine clay, with traces of shell fragments.
Previous investigations in the area indicate that the clayey portion of the Yorktown formation extends to a
depth of approximately 107 feet. Below the Yorktown formation is the Castle Hayne formation which consists
of limestone and very dense sand (Law, 1981). The Castle Hayne is a regional drinking water aquifer.
In December 1987, Radian Corporation (Radian) installed three groundwater monitoring wells near the
Chlorine Plant building to investigate groundwater quality (Figure 3). The monitoring wells were drilled to
depths ranging from 12.0 to 16.5 feet below ground surface. Materials encountered in these wells were
consistent with other borings drilled in the area and consisted primarily of sands with some clay lenses.
2.3 HYDROLOGY
The Roanoke River, located approximately 100 feet north of the Chlorine Plant building, is the nearest surface
water. The river flows in an easterly direction and discharges into Albemarle Sound, located approximately
five miles to the northeast. The water level in the Roanoke River in the site vicinity is at an elevation of
approximately two feet above mean sea level.
Based on measurements collected by Radian (1988), groundwater occurs in the sand beneath the site
approximately 4.5 to 6.0 feet below ground surface. The groundwater in the sands reportedly moves
northward towards the Roanoke River; however, surveyed elevations were not available to confirm the flow
direction.
In 1988, Radian abandoned a deeper.water well located immediately west of the Chlorine Plant building. The
well was reportedly 132.5 feet deep and was screened over a 20-foot intecval. Prior to abandonment, the well
was sampled and the static water level in the well was 24.20 feet below ground surface. The well was
abandoned by grouting it to the surface using a 6:1 Portland I cement to bentonite mix ratio (Radian, 1988).
The water well was apparently screened in the Castle Hayne formation.
20066.001192sp0169.rpt
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support columns and material from within building walls were sampled. The samples were analyzed for total
and leachable mercury. Based on the analytical results, Weyerhaeuser notified the North Carolina State
Department of Human Resources of their intent to demolish the building and dispose of the rubble as
hazardous waste.
Building demolition recommenced in October 1987 under the direction of ENSCO. During the demolition,
mercury was encountered in the sludge in the drain system on two separate occasions. The mercury-
containing sludge was apparently collected in rolloff boxes pending off-site disposal. During the demolition
project, approximately 2.6 million pounds of brick, concrete, steel and other demolition debris were disposed of
at the GSX Pinewood, South Carolina hazardous waste landfill. The demolition project was completed in
November 1987, but did not include the removal of the concrete floor or foundation of the building.
20066.001\92sp()169.rpt
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4.0 PHASE II -BUILDING SLAB AND SOIL REMOVAL
4.1 SOIL AND DEBRIS CHARACTERIZATION
To assess the extent of potential contamination prior to removal of the building slab, Weyerhaeuser hired
Weston to characterize soil conditions beneath and around the former Chlorine Plant building. In January
1992, Weston collected soil samples at 41 locations, 7 of which were ,_;ithin the perimeter of the former
Chlorine Plant building. Up to three soil samples were analyzed for total mercury from each location. Samples
from two locations selected by Weyerhaeuser were also analyzed for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). A
copy of Weston's site characterization report is included as Appendix B.
A total of 82 samples were analyzed for total mercury by EPA Method 7471. Mercury concentrations were
below detection limits (0.1, 0.25, or 1.00 mg'kg) in 34 samples. In 41 of the samples, mercury concentrations
ranged from 0.10 to 2.53 mg'kg. Mercury concentrations in the remaining 7 samples ranged from 4.59 to
18.8 mg'kg. The samples with higher mercury concentrations were typically collected from the uppermost
sampling interval (0-2 foot depth) in the northern section of the site. However, the highest total mercury value
(18.8 mg'kg) was detected at a depth between 2 and 4 feet below grade. The seven soil samples containing
greater than 4 mg'kg of mercury were also tested for leachable mercury using TCLP methodology. The TCLP
mercury concentrations for all seven samples were below the detection limit of 0.005 mg/L, well below the
regulatory limit of 0.2 mg/! for classification as a hazardous waste.
Two soil samples, collected from the former transformer yard, were also analyzed for PCBs. PCB-1254 was
detected in one of the samples analyzed at a concentration of 0.103 mg'kg. None of the other PCBs tested for
were present above laboratory detection limits in either sample.
Based on the results of the site characterization program and the advice of Weyerhaeuser personnel at a similar
plant in Washington, it was decided to proceed with the demolition project as follows:
•
•
•
Demolish former caustic storage tank foundation and remove approximately one foot of the underlying
soil. This soil and concrete debris would be transported to and disposed of at the GSX landfill in
Pinewood, South Carolina as D009 hazardous waste.
Demolish former Chlorine Plant building slab and remove approximately one foot of the underlying
soil. This soil and concrete debris would also be disposed of at the GSX landfill in Pinewood.
Backfill the excavated areas with imported granular material and pave with asphalt.
Soil and concrete samples were to be collected for analysis of total mercury in order to verify that the material
being removed was actually contaminated and to characterize the soil left in place.
4.2 DEMOLITION/EXCAVATION OF CAUSTIC TANK FOUNDATION
Phase II demolition work started with the caustic storage tank located immediately west of the chlorine plant
building slab. Due to site access limitations, OHM determined it was better to complete work in this area
20066.001\92sp()169.rpt
October 29, 1992 4-1
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before 'moving on tp the building slab. The reinforced concrete tank foundation was approximately 18 feet in
diameter and 2.5 feet thick. Demolition of the foundation was accomplished over a three day period
(April 9-11, 1992) by OHM using a hydraulic ram. Concrete chip samples were collected from the broken up
concrete foundation for analysis of total mercury. Soil samples were also collected for analysis from the near
surface soil (0 to 12") around the tank. Analytical testing results are presented in Section 6.0.
Based on the analytical results for these first samples, it was determined that the concrete and near surface soil
should be disposed as hazardous waste at the GSX hazardous waste landfill in Pinewood, South Carolina. The
concrete debris was moved to the stockpile area at the east end of the building foundation for later loading
onto trucks.
Soil excavation beneath the tank foundation continued to a depth of approximately three feet below grade, at
which time additional soil samples were collected for analysis (see Section 6.0). These samples also showed
elevated levels of mercury, so the excavation was continued down to the water table (approximately five feet
below grade). Soil samples were again collected from the base of the excavation. Groundwater seeped into the
excavation at this depth, so no further soil excavation was attempted.
4.3 BUILDING SLAB REMOVAL
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The concrete building slab and foundation were demolished and removed over a 17-day period beginning on I
April 11. The building floor consisted of a 6-inch thick reinforced concrete slab and a continuous perimeter
footing approximately three feet wide and two feet deep.
Demolition of the concrete floor started on the west end of the building and proceeded to the east. The
concrete was broken up in place by OHM using a hydraulic ram. The broken up concrete was then moved
with a front end loader to a stockpile area at the east end of the building for later loading onto trucks for
disposal.
All concrete from the building floor and foundation was shipped to the GSX landfill in South Carolina for
disposal as a hazardous waste (D009).
4.4 SOIL EXCAVATION BELOW BUILDING
Soil excavation below the building slab followed closely behind demolition and removal of the slab. Due to
the tight site configuration, access for excavation equipment and trucks was very limited. Also, due to the
presence of shallow groundwater (approximately five feet below ground surface), it was determined that the
underlying soil would not be capable of supporting heavy equipment after the first three to four feet of soil
was excavated. Therefore, the plan was to excavate soil beneath the slab as each 2()..foot wide section of
concrete was removed. This would allow the excavation equipment to remain on concrete during soil
excavation.
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The original plan called for the excavation of approximately one foot of soil below the entire concrete building
slab. A confirmation soil sampling program, based on random samples collected from 20 io 30 locations, would
then be used to verify that the soil left in place at the base of the excavation did not contain high levels of
mercury. (This sampling program is discussed in more detail in Section 6.0). However, laboratory analysis of
the first few soil samples collected indicated that mercury concentrations in the soil were higher than
anticipated. Based on this finding, it was decided to increase the depth of excavation below the building slab.
Continued exca,.;ation and sampling eventually reached the water table (approximately 4 to 5 feet below
grade).
Soil excavation generally proceeded from the west end of the building towards the east. The work was
completed over a 16 day period from April 15 through April 30. Soil at the extreme east end of the building was
excavated to a depth of approximately 5 feet below grade on April 15 and 16 (see Figure 8). The following day
it was discovered that approximately 6 inches of water had seeped into the excavation from the shallow
groundwater. In order to avoid such water seepage during the remainder of the excavation effort, it was
decided to limit the excavation depth to 4-4.5 feet. Ultimately, 4-5 feet of the soil underlying the entire
building slab was excavated and disposed of as hazardous waste (Figure 8).
Soil samples were collected from various areas of the excavation floor and sidewalls as the work progressed. A
detailed discussion of the soil sampling program is presented in Section 6.0. Evaluation of the analytical data
indicated significant variability in the concentrations of mercury remaining in the soil (i.e., <0.2 mykg to over
5,000 mykg). A detailed review of the available building drawings showed that a good correlation existed
between the presence of high levels of mercury in the soil and the former location of U-drains and a sump in
the building floor.
A series of U-shaped concrete drains, approximately 1.5-2 feet wide and 2 feet deep, ran throughout the
building floor (Figure 5) as previously described in Section 2.1. Small amounts of mercury likely collected in
some sections of the U-drains and migrated to the subsurface via cracks in the concrete. The U-drains were
connected to a 3--foot by 3--foot concrete sump that also likely acted as a source of mercury to the underlying
soil. The U-drain system also extended outside of the building perimeter.
4.5 DEMOLITION/EXCAVATION OF U-DRAINS OUTSIDE BUILDING
Based on the finding that the highest levels of mercury in subsurface soils appeared to be below the U-drains,
it was decided to demolish much of the U-drain system outside of the building perimeter and to remove the
underlying soils down to a depth of 4 to 4.5 feet Due to volume limitations set by the GSX landfill in
Pinewood, it was not possible to excavate and dispose of all sections of the U-drain system, so the removal
activity was prioritized to start with the areas considered most likely to be contaminated. Three areas of
concern were identified and designated as priorities one, two and three (see Figure 9).
20066.001\92.sp(J169.rpt
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Demolition of the exterior U-drains was started on May l and continued for four days. The U-drain system
that extended from the north side of the building north to the Roanoke River (Priority 1) was excavated first.
Traffic acc.ess to the roadway through this area was shut off for the fir.;t two days while the asphalt and
concrete pavement was cut and removed. Although the U-drain itself was about.two feet wide, a six-foot wide
trench was excavated in this area to ensure complete removal of the U-drain and the area of potential soil
contamination.
The excavation proceeded from the north side of the road, near the bulkhead, towards the former Chlorine
Plant building. The 20 foot section of ground from the fence to the road is unpaved, compacted gravel. A
section approximately JO feet wide was excavated to a depth of about one foot, at which time a massive
concrete obstruction was encountered. It appeared that the U-drain in this area had been encapsulated in a
large concrete slab when some pipe support foundations were installed in this area. Therefore, removal of the
U-drain itself from this area was not possible. The foot of overlying soil was removed for later disposal at the
GSX landfill.
At this point, the concrete pavement sections of the road that had been sawcut were removed and excavation
proceeded under the road. The sidewalls and bottom of the concrete U-drains were easily identifiable as they
were pulled from the ground by the excavator. Soil was excavated down to a depth of 4 to 4.5 feet below
grade, approximately 2 feet below the bottom of the U-drain.
Excavation of the U-drain continued south across the road until the U-drain passed the hypochlorite tank and
turned east, parallel to the building foundation. Excavation of the U-drain and underlying soil continued
along this easterly route for approximately 40 feet, at which time the concrete U-drain ended in a JO-foot long
section of 12-inch diameter pipe. This section of pipe was also removed (see Photo 13), but found to be
unconnected to anything on the other end. It was presumed that the missing section of piping had likely been
removed previously when the storm water drainage system in this area was installed nearby (see Figure 9).
Therefore, this section of trench was terminated at this point.
The Priority 2 area consisted of the U-drain section that ran east-west between the building slab excavation
and the caustic storage tank foundation excavation (see Figure 9). Several soil samples from this area had
shown high levels of mercury. A trench approximately 10 feet wide was excavated in this area to a depth of
approximately 4.5 feet. All concrete debris and soil from this excavation was moved to the stockpile area for
loading onto trucks. Confirmation soil samples collected from the base and sidewalls of the excavation
indicated that much of the mercury-contaminated soil had been removed.
The Priority 3 area consisted of a 20-foot north-south section of U-drain between the water tank foundation
and the excavation of the caustic tank foundation (Figure 9). It was considered desirable to remove this section
of U-drain and the underlying soil due to the somewhat elevated levels of mercury found in a few soil samples
20066.001\92sp()]69.rpt
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from the caustic tank foundation excavation. This section of U-drain, and 4-4.5 feet of-the underlying soils,
was removed on May 4.
4.6 OTHER DEMOLmON/EXCAVATION
Other areas where demolition and/or excavation activities were performed included the former water storage
tank foundation, an electrical transformer foundation in the former transformer yard, and the area east of the
propane storage tank and pad.
Neither the water tank foundation nor the transformer foundation were expected to be contaminated.
However, because these foundations protruded about one foot above the surrounding ground surface,
Weyerhaeuser was interested in breaking these concrete foundations up to obtain a level surface in these areas.
Concrete chip samples were collected from the surface area of several equipment foundations surrounding the
Chlorine Plant building (Figure 10), as described in Section 6.0. The analytical results showed low levels of
mercury (0.8 to 26.4 mglkg) in the samples. Subsequent analysis of selected concrete chip samples by TCLP
showed that these levels of total mercury did not fail the TCLP criteria and were therefore not hazardous
waste. Therefore, the decision was made to break up both foundations and dispose of the debris at
Weyerhaeuser's onsite landfill. The water tank foundation was demolished from May 6 to 7. The transformer
foundation was demolished on May 7.
Analytical results for shallow soil samples collected near the propane storage area showed elevated levels of
mercury (see Section 6.0). Discussion with Weyerhaeuser site personnel indicated that spent anodes from the
mercury cells were occasionally stockpiled in this area prior to disposal. It was decided that surface soils
(upper 12 inches) from this area would be excavated and disposed as time and landfill capacity permitted.
Following demolition and excavation of the Priority Three U-drain area, it was determined that approximately
one truckload of capacity remained for this project. Therefore the upper one foot of soil was excavated from an
area 15 feet by 2D feet just east of the propane storage pad (Figure 8). Following excavation, this area was
backfilled with dean fill.
4.7 DEBRIS TRANSPORT AND DISPOSAL
Concrete debris and excavated soil were stockpiled at the east end of the former Chlorine Plant building slab,
within the exclusion zone, before loading for offsite disposal. Debris was initially stored on the concrete floor
slab; following demolition of the slab the debris was stored on the fill that was present beneath the floor slab.
This fill was later removed and disposed as well at the GSX landfill.
All demolition debris (concrete and soil) was transported to the GSX Pinewood hazardous waste landfill near
Sumpter, South Carolina. Licensed hazardous waste haulers used 24 ton (net) end dump trucks to transport
the debris to the landfill. The drivers were required to have appropriate hazardous waste training and to wear
:lJ066.001\92.sp()J69.rpt
October-;9, 1~2 4-5
Harding Lawson Associates
appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) before entering the exclusion zone. The loading procedures
included:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Staging Area-This area was used to inspect vehicles and safety equipment. ·At this point the drivers
donned all safety gear, loosened ta.rps covering the truck beds, installed a visqueen liner in the bed of
the truck and waited to enter the loading area.
Loading Area-After entering the exclusion zone, the driver remained in the cab of his truck while the
truck was loaded.
Scales-The truck was weighed and excess weight was removed as necessary.
T a.rping Station-The driver covered the truck bed with a tarp and secured the tarp in place.
Manifest Station-The truck moved to the OHM project trailer. The manifests for each load were.
completed in the trailer. Following receipt of the manifest, the truck driver took his completed shipping.
papers to the security gua,:d, who conducted a final inspection of the truck prior to leaving the site.
Copies of the manifests as returned by the disposal facility are located within the project files located at the
Weyerhaeuser plant in Plymouth, North Carolina.
The demolition waste stream was characterized by Weston prior to the start of demolition activities and the
appropriate disposal arrangements made. One waste profile was prepared to cover mercury-contaminated
(0009) wastes. This waste-characterization profile was used for soil, concrete, and other miscellaneous
mercury-contaminated demolition debris. An additional profile was later developed for mercury-
contaminated wet demolition debris (0009 and D002) due to the presence of free liquids with a pH > 12.5 in
some truckloads of debris.
A total of 139 truckloads of debris, weighing approximately 3,130 tons, were transported to the GSX landfill for
disposal.
4.8 OBSERVATIONS DURING DEMOLITION
Observations during demolition described in this section are items or occurrences that most affected the
progress of the work.
4.8.1 Wet Demolition Wastes
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Approximately one week after the first truck of demolition debris left the site, Weyerhaeuser was advised by I
the GSX landfill operator that some of the truckloads of debris contained standing liquid. No free liquids were
noted in the loads before the trucks left the Weyerhaeuser site, so it was concluded that vibration of wet soils
during the 300 mile trip to the landfill must be creating the free liquids. Attempts were made to minimize the
excavation of wet soils and to keep rainfall out of the stockpiled soil and debris, but the problem persisted and
several tucks were sent back by GSX.
20066.001\92sp()J69.rpt
October '29, 1~2 4-6
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After further discussion with GSX personnel, it was determined that the major probleJ.with th_e free liquids in
the trucks was that the pH was_ greater than 12.5 and therefore constituted a D002 hazardous waste. In order
to eliminate future problems with acceptance of loads of debris at the landfill, Weyerhaeuser prepared and
submitted a revised waste profile that included waste code D002 as well as D009. Free liquids were then
removed from the trucks at the landfill and stabilized prior to disposal.
4.8.2 Elemental Mercury
Small beads of elemental mercury were occasionally observed during the demolition process. Areas where
elemental mercury was observed were primarily limited to the soil underlying the U-drains and the mercury
collection sump near the north wall of the Chlorine Plant building. Usually no more than one or two small
( <2mm) beads of mercury were observed at any one location, making any recovery effort unfeasible. During
U-drain removal and soil excavation, if visible mercury was seen, soils were further excavated to the extent
possible (i.e., down to the water table).
4.8.3 Groundwater
Groundwater at the site was relatively shallow, approximately five feet below ground surface. Groundwater
seepage was encountered in the first excavations undertaken beneath the caustic storage tank foundatio·n and
the Chlorine Plant building slab. Subsequent excavation efforts at the site were generally limited to a
maximum depth of four feet in order to avoid further seepage.
4.9 FINAL SITE CONFIGURATION
The former Chlorine Plant building site _was backfilled with imported granular fill (sand) and graded to match
the existing surface elevation at the site. The site was sloped to minimize future excavation necessary for the
installation of a surface water collection and drainage system. It is anticipated that the drainage/ collection
system will be installed and the site will be paved with asphalt during the fall of 1992. This area will be used as
a truck turnaround area for the adjacent loading dock.
20066.00l\92.sp()J69.rpt
October 29, 11)92 4-7
Harding Lawson Associates
maximum practical depth to which the excavation could be extended without repeatedly encounte_:ing
ground water.
Results of the random sampling indicated a pattern of elevated concentrations of mercury corresponding to
locations beneath the former U-drains. Building plans were reviewed to identify the locations of U-drains
inside and outside the building and judgment (biased) sampling was performed in the vicinity of the U-drains.
6.1.2 Concrete Sample Locations
Concrete samples were collected from the Chlorine Plant building slab and other nearby foundations at
random locations determined in the field (Figure 10). Samples were collected and analyzed to determine
whether the concrete would be classified as a hazardous or non-hazardous waste if it were demolished.
6.1.3 Groundwater Sample Locations
Groundwater samples were collected from monitoring wells MW-lB, MW-2, and MW-3 by Environment One,
Inc. of Greenville, North Carolina on May 26, 1992. Monitoring wells MW-lB and MW-2 are located north of
the former Chlorine Plant building and well MW-3 is located to the south of the former plant (Figure 3).
Groundwater reportedly moves northward towards the Roanoke River; therefore wells MW-lB and MW-2 are
believed to be downgradient of the former Chlorine Plant building.
6.2 METHODS AND PROCEDURES
6.2.1 Soil Samples
Soil samples were collected using two separate methodologies. OHM sampling personnel wore disposable
gloves and placed a plastic bag over the gloves. The samples were collected by hand with the plastic bag and
placed in glass jars provided by the analytical laboratoiy. A new pair of gloves and a new plastic bag were
used to collect each sample. HLA sampling personnel wore nitrile gloves and collected soil samples using a
plastic scoop to fill a plastic cup. Soil was transferred from the cup into glass jars provided by the analytical
laboratoiy. A new plastic cup and plastic scoop were used to collect each sample. Gloves were washed
between the collection of each sample in an aqueous solution of Liquinox and rinsed with deionized water.
Samples collected by OHM and HI:.A were labeled, entered on chain-of-custody records, and placed on ice in
coolers. Samples were submitted to Southern Research and Testing Labs in Wilson, North Carolina at the end
of each day. Soil samples were analyzed for total mercuiy using EPA Method 7471. Selected soil samples were
also tested using the TCLP for mercuiy.
6.2.2 Concrete Samples
Concrete chip samples were collected as the concrete pads were demolished or prior to demolition by chipping
loose a sample with a hammer. The samples were placed in labeled jars, entered on chain-of-custody records,
20066.00!\92sp(}J69.cpt October '29, 1992
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and submitted to the laboratory for analysis. Samples were analyzed for total mercury using EPA Method
7471. Three concrete chip samples, from the electrical transformer foundation, were also analyzed for PCBs by
EPA Method 608/8080.
6.2.3 Groundwater Samples
Prior to sampling, the depth to water and total depth of each well was measured to allow calculation of the
well casing volume. Three casing volumes were purged from wells MW-lB and MW-3 using a Teflon bailer.
During the purging process, pH and specific conductivity were measured. After two and three casing volumes
were removed from wells MW-lB and MW-3, pH and specific conductance values had stabilized (within
10 percent of the previous value). Well MW-2 purged dry prior to the removal of three casing volumes and
was allowed to recover to within 80 percent of the initial water level prior to.sampling.
Sampling equipment and the water level probe were decontaminated before use at each well by: rinsing with
tap water; washing in a solution of Alconox or Liquinox in tap water; rinsing with a 2-to 5-percent solution of
nitric acid (HN03) in distilled water; and triple rinsing with distilled or deionized water.
The wells were sampled using a Teflon bailer. Samples were contained in labeled bottles and placed on ice in
coolers. Groundwater samples were submitted to Environment One, Inc. for analysis of pH, chloride, total
mercury, dissolved mercury, sodium, sulfate, and conductance. The samples analyzed for dissolved mercury
were filtered at the laboratory. A duplicate sample from MW-lB was submitted to the Weyerhaeuser Company
laboratory in Federal Way, Washington for analysis of the same constituents except dissolved mercury.
6.3 ANALYTICAL RESULTS
6.3.1 Soil Samples
A total of 129 soil samples (plus 9 duplicates) were analyzed as part of the Phase II soil excavation project to
guide the remedial activities and assess the residual levels of mercury remaining in soil at the site. Analytical
results for the soil samples are summarized in Tables 1A and lB. Twenty-seven of these samples were from soil
that was ex.cavated from beneath the building, caustic storage tank foundation, or U-drains and disposed of at
the GSX landfill as hazardous waste. Data relating to these sample locations are presented in Table 1A. The
other 102, samples (plus 9 duplicates) are from soil that remained in place. Data relating to these samples are
presented in Table lB. These sample locations, along with their total mercury concentrations, are shown on
Figure 8.
Key statistical ~ata related to the total mercury concentrations in soil samples from the site are presented in
Table 2. Mercury concentrations in the 129 soil samples collected at the site ranged from below detection limits
(0.2 mwI<g) to 9,520 mwI<g. The mean mercury concentration was 340 m!Ykg and the median concentration was
33.4 m!Ykg, The mean value represents the average for all samples analyzed, while the median value
represents the midpoint of the data set. Therefore, while the average concentration of 340 m!Ykg is high due to
20066,001\92sp0169,rpt
October 'N, 1992 6-3
Harding Lawson Associates
the impact of several samples over 2,000 mg/l<g, the median value shows that half of the samples had
concentrations below 33.4 mg/l<g. For the V samples from soil that was removed from the site, the average
(456 mg/l<g) and median (66.4 mg/l<g) values were considerably higher. The average mercury level for the
102 soil samples from soil left in place was 309 mg/l<g, but the median value was only 20.6 mg/l<g.
The highest concentrations of mercury were generally detected in samples collected near the former U-drains
located inside and outside the former Chlorine Plant building perimeter. Within the former Chlorine Plant
building perimeter, five "hot spots" were identified where residual levels of mercury in the soil exceeded
500 mg/l<g. These five "hot spots" are shown on Figure 11. The area occupied by the five "hot spots" is
estimated to be approximately 1.5 to 2 percent of the total excavation area. As shown by the shaded areas on
the figure, these "hot spots" are all located immediately below or adjacent to the former location of the U-
drains. The ten soil samples collected from these five areas have an average mercury concentration of
2,640 mg/l<g and a median value of 1,765 mg/l<g. Excluding these five "hot spots" from the remainder of the data
set for soil left in place results in an average value of 55.4 mg/l<g and a median of 16.3 mg/l<g.
Twenty soil samples were analyzed for leachable mercury using TCLP methodology. TCLP results are
summarized in Table 3. Leachable mercury concentrations ranged from 0.004 to 0.089 mg/I. All leachable
mercury concentrations were below the hazardous waste threshold concentration of 0.2 mg/I.
6.3.2 Concrete
Thirty-one concrete samples were analyzed for total mercury (Table lC). The highest concentration of mercury
was detected in samples from the caustic tank pad debris (up to 5,040 mg/l<g). Concentrations at the remaining
sampling locations were lower, ranging from 0.8 to 355 mg/l<g. The average mercury concentration was
251 mg/l<g and the median concentration was 7.6 mg/l<g. PCBs were not detected above the detection limit
(0.05 mg/l<g) in any of the three samples analyzed.
Seven concrete samples were analyzed for mercury using TCLP method. Leachable mercury concentrations
ranged from less than 0.003 to 0.22 mg/I (Table 3). Only one of the samples exceeded the hazardous waste
threshold level of 0.2 mg/I. This sample, CC-CT-13, was collected from the caustic storage tank foundation and
had a total mercury concentration of 1,230 mg/l<g.
6.3.3 Groundwater
Groundwater samples from the three monitoring wells near the former chlorine plant (MW-lB, MW-2, and
MW-3) were collected on May 26, 1992 and analyzed to assess whether groundwater quality has been impacted
by the former chlorine plant. Analytical results for groundwater samples are summarized in Table 4.
In the samples analyzed by Environment One, total mercury was detected in wells MW-lB and MW-2 at
concentrations of 0.0142 and 0.0005 mgll, respectively. The total mercury concentration was below the
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October '29, 1992 6-4
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detection limit (0.0002 mg/I) in well MW-3. Dissolved mercury was detected in the samp!~ from well MW-lB at
a concentration of 0.0056 mg/I and was not detected above the reporting limit (0.0002 mg/I) in wells MW-2 and
MW-3.
Chloride and sodium concentrations and pH were similar for samples collected from all three wells. Elevated
concentrations of sulfate and conductivity were detected in wells MW-2 and MW-3.
The increased concentration of mercury in the two wells located in the apparent downgradient direction from
the former Chlorine Plant (MW-lB and MW-2) suggests that mercury releases at the plant have affected
groundwater quality. Based on the assumed direction of groundwater movement, the elevated levels of
sulfate and conductivity do not appear to be related to the former Chlorine Plant.
The results for the duplicate sample from well MW-lB analyzed by the Weyerhaeuser lab were generally
consistent with the results reported by Environment One. However, Weyerhaeuser reported a pH of 8.3 and
Environment One measured a pH of 6.3. The elevated pH reported by Weyerhaeuser may be attributed to the
extended period of time between sample collection and sample analysis, which was greater than one week
20066.001\92sp()169.rpt
October ':9, 1992 6--5
TABLE IA. SAMPLES FROM EXCAVATED SOIL
S-1 4/1Ml2 6.74
S-2 4/1MJ2 28.4
S-3 4/1Ml2 1130
S-4 4/1Ml2 231
S-5 4/14,92 14.9
S-6 4/14,92 779
S-7 4/14,92 44.9
S-8 4114,92 182
S-10 4/14,92 23.8
S-11 4/14-92 51.9
S-12 4/14,92 10.8
S-13 4/14,92 713
S-14 4/16192 7.13
S-15 4/16192 372
S-16 4/16192 66.4
S-17 4/16192 51.6 ·-··-·
S-18 4/16192 682
S-19 4/16192 185
S-20 4/16192 16.8
S-21 4/16192 158
S-22 4/16192 2900
S-60 4128,92 87.8
S-61 412&92 61.8
S-63 4128,92 1940
S-64 4128,92 526
S-78 4129192 2960
S-79 4129192 182
C • Confirmation Soll Sample
S -Judgement Soll Sample
X -Duplicate of 'A' Sample
20066.00 I \0264-1 A
30.0
59.0
39.0
58.0
40.0
50.0
63.0
55.0
45.0
34.0
24.0
30.0
25.0
41.0
56.0
75.0
91.0
91.0
91.0
174.0
185.0
172.0
172.0
33.0
33.0
32.0 1.0 Soll Near Caustic Tank
30.0 1.0 Soll Near Cau.stsc Tank
50.0 1.0 Soll Near Caustic Tank
49.0 1.0 Soil Near Caustic Tank
Excavated Soil From &k>w Tank
Excavated son From Bek,w Tank
53.0 3.0 Soil Below Caustic Tank
53.0 3.0 Soll Below Caustic Tank
35.0 3.0 Soll Below caustic Tank
35.0 3.0 Soll Below caustic Tank
42.0 3.0 Soll Below caustic Tank
40.0 3.0 S0<l Below caustic Tank
90.0 3.0 W. End of C..11 Room
84.0 3.0 W. End of C..11 Room
77.0 3.0 W. End of C..11 Room
75.0 3.0 W. End of C..11 Room
76.0 3.0 W. End of C..11 Room
77.0 3.0 W. End of C..11 Room
95.0 3.0 NW End of CeU Room
120.0 3.0 N. C&nlraf C..11 Room
150.0 3.0 N. C..ntraf C..11 Room
61.0 1.0 Dry, br. sandy clay
61.0 1.0 Dry, br. sandy clay
98.0 1.5 Dry, br Jgray sand
96.0 2.0 Dry, br Jgray sand
66.0 1.0 Dry, br. sand
52.0 1.0 Dry, br. sand
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C-18A
C-19A
C-20A
C-21A
C-21X
C-22A
C-22X
C-23A
C-24A
C-32A
C-33A
C-33X
C-34A
C-35A
C-38A
C-37A
C-38A
C-46A
C-47A
C-48A
C-49A
C-SOA
C-51A
C-52A
C-60A
C-61A
C-62A
C-63A
C-63X
C-64A
S-9
S-23
S-24
S-25
S-26
S-27
S-28
S-29
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4127m
4121m
4127m
4121m
4127m
5/2/92
5/2/92
5/2/92
5'2192
4/2Bm
4/2Bm
4/2Bm
4/2Bm
4/2Bm
512/92
5/2/92
5/2/92
4127m
4127m
4121m
4127m
5'2192
5/2/92
5/2/92
4127m
4127m
4127m
4121m
4127m
5/2/92
4114m
4121m
4121m
4121m
4121m
4121m
4121m
4121m
4.23
1.19
19.5
562
212
0.53
0.38
18.4
14.0
9.34
40.3
70.3
8.51
8.30
35.0
120
1.5
6.38
14.6
467
342
108 '
57.5
1.15
7630
1630
1800
2320
2230
10.6
45.3
7.62
1.63
5.29
2.01
12.6
0.72
31.3
22.0
33.9
38.5
38.5
23.0
23.0
262
23.9
54.3
40.1
40.1
42.1
462
44.6
49.9
56.0
75.1
74.9
64.3
60.3
63.4
62.8
76.2
91.6
es.a
87.0
89.0
89.0
85.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
62.0
45.0
38.0
35.0
38.0
74.0
99.0
108.1
121.5
121.5
148.0
148.0
161.5
187.1
76.7
96.9
96.9
110.4
127.2
153.7
175.0
190.0
79.0
95.9
100.9
132.1
158.5
165.4
190.6
73.0
99.0
103.3
131.5
131.5
141.4
45.0
52.0
42.0
32.0
42.0
30.0
42.0
54.0
4.5
4.0
3.0
2.5
2.5
4.0
4.0
4.0
3.0
4.5
4.0
4.0
3.0
3.0
4.0
4.0
2.0
4.5
4.5
3.5
3.0
4.0
4.0
2.0
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
Moisl br. sand
Moisl br. sand w/ black specks
Dry, br ./bk. sand
Moisl redb<. clayey sand
Moisl redb<. clayey sand
Molsl It br .Ired sand
Moisl It br .Ired sand
Moisl It bf.Ired sand
Moisl It br. sand
Wol br. sand w/ clay
Moisl br. sand w/ black specks
Moist, br. sand w/ black specks
Dry, It br. sand
Moist, br. sand w/ clay
Molsl It br .Ired sand
Moist, It. br. sand
Dry It br. sand
Wel fine br. sand
Wet, firK' br. sand
Molsl fine br. sand
Mclsl br ./bk. clavey sand
Moisl It br. sand & clav
Moisl It br .Ired sand & clay
Dry. It br. sand
Wol br. sand
Welredb< . .andv clay
W•lredb<. sandy clay
Welredlbr. ~nrtv clay
Wolred/br. sonrlv clay
Wol br. sand
Soil Solow Caustic Tank
Soil Bolow Caustic Tank
Soll Solow Caustic Tank
Soil Bolow Caustic Tank
Soil Bolow Caustic Tank
Soil Solow Caustic Tank
Soil Bolow Caustic Tank
Soil Bolow Caustic Tank
9/22/92
TABLE IB. SAMPLES FROM SOIL REMAINING IN PLACE
I
4/30/92 132
\'.J:.l&iii!iij fil;;~)
85.0 142-0 4.0 Moisl fine It. Ix. sand I
S-41
S-42
4/3002 133
4/3002 3.41
90.0 144.0
95.0 150.0
4.5 Mobt. fine It. Ix. sand
4.5 Moisl fine It. Ix. sand I 5-43 4/3002 <0.2 94.0 140.0 4.5 Moisl fine It. Ix. sand
5-44
S-45
4/3002 9.44
4/3002 53.4
95.0 135.0
40.0 70.0
5.0 W•l fine It. Ix. sand
2.0 Moisl fine It. Ix. sand I
S-47
4/3002 20.8
4/3002 1.48
40.0 70.0
60.0 70.0
4.0 Moisl fine tt. tx. sand
2.0 Molsl fine It. Ix. sand I S-48 4/3002 20,4 60,0 70.0 4.0 Molsl fine It. Ix. sand
S-49
S-50
4/3002 <0.5
4/3002 13.0
80.0 70.0
80.0 70,0
2.0 Molsl fine It. Ix. sand
4.0 Moisl fine It. Ix. sand I
S-51 4/3002 2-55 95.0 70.0 2.0 Moisl fine It. Ix. sand
S-52
S-53
4/3002 6.70
4/3002 0.817
95.0 70,0
60.0 70.0
4.0 Molsl fine It. Ix. sand
2.0 5-47 Duplicate I
S-54
S-55
4l2Bm 2-54
4128192 <0.2
22.0 90.0
22.0 90.0
2-0 Moisl fine Ix ./bk. sand
4.0 Moisl fine redbk. sand I
S-56 4/30192 2-16 22.0 130.0 2-0 Moisl dk. Ix. sand
S-57
S-58
4/30/92 2.61
4128192 <0.2
22.0 130.0
22.0 90.0
4.0 Moisl dk. Ix. sand
4.0 S-55 Duplicate I
S-59
S-62
4128192 59.8
4128192 23.4
175.0 20.0
173.0 n.o
1.0 Dry, Ix. sandy clay
1.0 Dry, Ix. sandy clay I 4128192 11.5 91.0 191.0 2.0 Moisl red'b<. sand
S-66
S-67
4/29,'32 9520
4/29,'32 49.2
83.0 149.0
83.5 129.0
4,0 Moisl dk. Ix. sand
4.5 Moisl It. Ix. sand I
5-68
S-69
4/29,'32 1900
4/29,'32 64.1
68,0 129.0
54.0 129.0
3.5 Moisl Ix. sand
3.5 Moisl Ix. sandy clay I S-70 4129,'32 248 83.0 110.0 4.0 W•l red'b<. sandy clay
S-71 4/29,'32 33,4
4/29,'32 16.8
67.0 110.0
54.0 110.0
3.0 Moisl fine Ix. sand
3.0 Molsl red'b<. sandy clay I
S-73
S-74
4/29,'32 9.39
4/29,'32 240
83.0 87.0
85.0 87.0
5.0 Wel Ix. sand
4.5 Moisl stiff, red'b<. clayey sand I S-75 4/29,'32 7.96 52.0 87.0 4.5 Wel fine Ix. sand
S-76
s-n
4129m 15.9
4/29,'32 13.7
83,0 53.0
68.0 53.0
1.0 Dry. Ix. sand
1.0 Dry, Ix. sand I
S-80 4/30/92 <0.2 38.0 129.0 4.0 Dry, Ix. sandy clay
S-81 4/30/92 <0.2 38.0 149.0 4.0 W•l Ix Jgray sandy clay I S-82 4/30/92 1.00 38.0 169.0 4.0 W•l Ix Jgray sandy clay
S-63 4/30/92 237 50.0 169,0 4.0 Wal It. Ix. sand I
20066.00 I \0264-1 B 9/22/92 I
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TABLE 1B. SAMPLES FROM SOIL REMAINING IN PLACE
!~I i~§jt l'~~~fj;! F~sM~Y lilji-
S-84 37 2. 50.0 149.0 4.0 Wet br. sandy clay ••
s-es 61.4
5-86
5-87 4/'30/92 61.6
s-88 0.527
S-89 4/'30l92 0.745
S-00 4/'30l92 >5
S-91 152.
S-92 5/2192 34.5
S-93 5/2192 169
S-94 5/2192 60.8
S-95 5/2192 50.3
S-96 5/2192 19.7
S-97 5/2192 3.8
S-98 5/2192 342.
S-99 5/2/92 58.0
s-100 5/2/92 27.3
S-101 5/2/92 74.3
S-102 5/4192 432.
S-103 5/4192 52.0
S-104 5/4192 98.0
S-105 5/4192 38.4
S-106 5/4192 5.00
S-107 5/4192 266
S-108 5/4192 -5.06
S-109 5/4192 266
S-110 5/4192 817
S-111 5/4192 62.4
s-112 534
S-113 206
S-114 221
S-115 5/5lll2 80.5
S-116 28.0
S-117 8.70
S-118 6.73
C • Coofirmalioo So41 Sample
S • Judgement So41 Sample
X • Duplicate ol 'A' Sample
20066.00 I \0264-1B
70.0
70.0
75.0
85.0
85.0
50.0
104.0
114.0
114.0
114.0
114.0
104.0
104.0
110.0
110.0
110.0
133.0
133.0
133.0
151.0
151.0
151.0
165.0
165.0
165.0
151.0
31.0
29.0
34.0
67.0
78.0
74.0
74.0
169.0 4.0 Moist ll br. sand
149.0 4.0 Moist ll br. sand
145.0 4.5 u br. fine sand
184.0 3.5 Moist br. sand
1_49.0 4.0 Wet br. sand & clay
149.0 4.0 S-84 Duplicate
95.0 3.0 Moist ll br. sand
95.0 3.0 Wet ll br. sand
101.0 3.5 Moist ll br J gay sandy clay
121.0 4.0 Moist ll br J gay sandy clay
141.0 5.0 Wetgayciay
106.0 3.0 Dry, br. sandy clay
121.0 3.0 Dry, br. sandy clay
98.0 3.0 Dry. gray sandy clay
116.0 3.0 Dry, gray sandy clay
141.0 3.0 Dry, gray sandy clay
116.0 3.0 S-99 Duplicate
95.0 4.0 Wet br Jg. sandy clay
92.0 3.0 Moist brig. sandy clay
98.0 3.0 Moist red,br/g. sandy clay
95.0 4.5 Moist fine br .ired/bk. sand
92.0 3.5 Moist ll br. sand
98.0 3.5 Moist bkJbr. sand
95.0 4.5 Moist fine gray sand
92.0 3.5 Moist fine br J bk. sand
98.0 3.5 Moist fine br Jbk./rec sand
95.0 4.5 S-105 Duplicate
63.0 4.5 Wet red,br. sandy clay
63.0 3.5 Moist red,br/bk. sandy clay
63.0 3.5 Moist red,br. sandy clay
28.0 3.5 Moist red,br. sandy clay
28.0 3.0 Moist fine br. sand
26.0 3.0 Moist br. sand
34.0 3.0 Moist br Jbk. sand
9/22/92
TABLE 4. Summary of Analytical Results for Groundwater Samples
Well: MW-lB MW-lB MW-2
Lab: Environment l Weyerhaeuser Environment l .-.
Parameters
Total Mercury, mg/I 0.0142 0.015 O.O(X)5
Dissolved Mercury, mg/I 0.0056 NA <0.0002 Chloride, mg/I 72 72 33 Sodium, mg/I 137.6 127 349 Sulfate, mg/I 25 25 3,700 Conductivity, µMbos 700 720 3,800 pH, Units 63 83 6.6
Notes: Samples were collected on May 26, 1992.
NA = Not analyzed.
20066\001 \0264 tbl4. w k3
MW-3
Environment l
<0.0002
<0.0002
142
306
800
2,400
63
22-Se -92
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o 1, lO FT.
SCl,l.£;1' -30"
liiiii
R0~N0K£ RIVER BUU<HEAD
PROPANE
STOAAGC: GRAVEi. OVERHEAD PIPELINE I
1----•°"'____ ,$,-..ie~---C-OOU-NG-,OWD<-----'
PAVED AREA
FORMER
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(COOLING TOWER)
au,~'"' :~:~:o,
MlSCa..t.AN(OUS I
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SffiLDINC FOUNDATION
.
ACCELERATOR TANK fOUNOATION
('(RAW SR<NE V . ""' FOUNOATION
___ TANK FOUNDATION . aPUREa•RE
PA\1£D AREA
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l!lilllllllllll!l!lllllllililillllllilllllllllllilllllllllllll!llllllliilililllilllilll!1ll!llllilllllllillllilllilllllllllilll!lllllllllllllllliiliiiil!iiiiill!llllilllllllllllil!liiillllillii!ll 1lliillll 1III
PAVEO AREA
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0 AB.YlDONED PRODUCTION Will Harding Lawson Associates CHLORINE PLANT VICINITY FIGURE
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PLYMOUTH, NORTH CAROLINA
JOB MJIIIIER
20011
APf'ROVEil , 1'/Bw
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TANK fOUNOATlON Cf RAWBRlHE
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111111 I Iii i!I i Ill Iii ll!ll l1n11 Ii 11111 illi1=i:,,. ii II Ill 111iTIITilli r·" iii !lilli 111 Iii !ii 1111 I !I !Ii II Iii 1111111 !iii ill! ii I
_ 111111111 ! I! 11 ii I! 11 ii I! i Ii Ii 11 ii 111 iii 111 ! ! i 1111 ! 111 ! i ! 1111 i 11111 ! ii! I! i ! I 11 i I! 11ii111rrlim i 111111 i 1111 i 1111111 ! 11 Ii 111111111I11111111 I Ii! I
PAYED ARU..
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LOADING DOCK
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Enginetering ond Environm"'ntcl Services
JOB NUUBE/1
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0 ,__ SOIL S.Wf>U: LOCATION
SOIL SAMPLING POINTS
WEYERHAEUSER CHLORINE PLANT
PLYMOUTH, NORTH CAROLINA
-
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DITTNT OF 0:CJ(VATION
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EXTENT OF EXCAVATION
("~ -5' DEEP_~
Harding Lawson Associates
Engineering and .
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JOB NI/UBER ,_,
Oc-37" SOIL s.v.!PlE LOCATION
1110) UERCURY CONCENIRATION (mg/K;)
EXTENT OF SOIL EXCAVATION
WEYERHAEUSER CHLORINE PLANT
PL YMOLITH. NORTH CAROLIN.A
°'rr 9-92
-
FIGURE
8
/IEV-sD llATE
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Ref 17
SITE INSPECTIOO REPCRT
Weyetbaeuser Company/Plyirouth Wood Treating Plant
SR 1565
Plyirouth, NC
NC D991278540
RCRA 3012 Site Inspection Date: February 6, 1985
Submitted to EPA: March 21, 1986
D. Mark Durway, Geologist
North Carolina Department of Human Resources
Division of Health Services
Solid and Hazardous Waste Management Branch
RCRA 3012 Group/CffiCLA Unit
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Ref. 18
1990 Update
Fish Tissue Dioxin Levels in North Carolina
North Carolina Division of Environmental Management
Water Quality Section
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1990 Update
Fish Tissue Dioxin Levels in North Carolina
Introduction
Dioxin has accumulated in fish found in the receiving waters of pulp and paper
facility effluents. Elevated levels of dioxin found in fish during 1989 sampling
prompted the State Health Director to issue several fish consumption advisories
(listed in Appendix C). This report summarizes the analytical results of dioxin
measured in fish tissue with emphasis on results from 1990 collections. All
available data, whether collected by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA),
the Division of Environmental Management (DEM), or the pulp and paper
industry, are included in Appendix A The new information presented within this
summary report will be evaluated by the Division of Epidemiology and the State
Health Director. This evaluation will determine if dioxin fish consumption
advisories for the recreational and commercial harvest of fish require modification.
The Division of Marine Fisheries and the Wildlife Resources Commission will
likely receive recommendations from the State Health Director based on this risk
assessment evaluation. The Wildlife Resources Commission and the Division of
Marine Fisheries are responsible for regulatory and fisheries management decisions
on consumption advisories.
Backgro'und information on dioxin contamination and the facilities required to test
fish tissue are included. Also included is a brief summary of past work and the
rationale for testing in 1990. Site selection, species tested, and analytical methods
were chosen after careful consideration of data needs and lengthy discussions with
the Division of Epidemiology, Division of Marine Fisheries, and the Wildlife
Resources Commission. The 1990 spatial extent of sampling varied tremen.dously
due to the location of pulp and paper facilities and the nature of the receiving
waters.
Background
Polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDF's) and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins
(PCDD's) are two groups of compounds composed of 135 and 75 individual
isomers respectively. Some of these isomers are toxic at extremely low levels,
particularly those with chlorine substitutes in the 2,3,7,8 positions. This collective
group of 210 individual isomers is commonly refered to as dioxin. The formation
of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran
(TCDF) in the bleaching of certain pulp material and the discharge of TCDD and
TCDF from pulp and paper mills has been well documented.
The Environmental Protection-Agency (EPA) initiated nationwide studies to
determine if fish tissue had been contaminated by dioxins and furans. Results of
these studies in North Carolina revealed dioxin fish contamination near pulp and
paper facilities that used a bleaching process. Under the authority of Section 308 of
the Clean Water Act, administration of surface water discharge permits (NPDES)
and North Carolina General Statutes §143-215.3, the Division of Environmental
Management required pulp and paper facilities to assess dioxin contamination in
fish and/ or shellfish tissue in effluent receiving streams.
------------••••••••11@!11111!1. 12® _,
I l
i .J l !
, I
l
I l
The following _is a list of pulp and paper facilities discharging to North Carolina
surface waters (Locations shown in Figure 1) :
Facility
Champion Paper
Weyerhaeuser
Weyerhaeuser
Ecusta, P.H. Glatfelter
Alpha Cellulose
Federal Paperboard
Union Camp
Location
Canton
Plymouth
New Bern
Asheville
Lumberton
Riegel wood
Virginia
Receiving System
Pigeon River
Roanoke River
Neuse River
French Broad River
Lumber River
Cape Fear River
Chowan River
Given concern by the public, industry, and government agencies, this summary is
intended to provide new individual fish tissue monitoring data from the above
facilities and from agency monitoring activities. It is further intended to
composite all fish tissue information on dioxin into one summary document
available to all interested parties. Summarized results of all dioxin fish tissue
monitoring in North Carolina performed by industry, DEM and EPA are included
in Appendix A. Laboratory support for these results was made available by EPA,
the Albemarle Pamlico Estuarine Study (APES), and by individual pulp and paper
ind us tries.
Figure 1. Pulp and Paper Facilities in North Carolina
UNI0NOMP
ALPHA CELLULOSE
WEY ER HAUSER
FEDERAL PAPER EIOARD
Historical Studies and the 1990 Approach
Dioxin in fish tissue was first sampled by DEM in 1984 as part of the National
Dioxin Study. Sample locations were selected as background sites to determine if
2,3,7,8-TCDD was ubiquitous in the aquatic environment. In the spring of 1987,
under the National Bioaccumulation Study, additional isomers were ·evaluated.
Site selection included three contaminated sites and one background site. All four
sites had detectable levels of dioxin. These results revealed concerns for fish tissue
contamination below pulp and paper facilities using a bleaching process in North
Carolina. To further investigate this issue, fish tissue samples were collected
below five pulp and paper mills during the winter of 1987 /88 and below two other
mills during the summer of 1988. Detectable levels of dioxin were found at all
seven locations. Additional sampling occurred in 1989 as part of the Albemarle
Pamlico Estuarine Study (APES). These sites also had detectable levels of dioxin.
I.
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·if fflf .-c ,l;
'.'.·.•;!
·~'.·'
., '
:.ll '1 ' " ;,
''
As a result of this information and the needs of the Division of Epidemiology to
evaluate public health concerns, bleached pulp and paper industries were required
to perform assessments of fish tissue in effluent receiving streams in 1990.
Concurrent with this effort by industry, the Division of Environmental
Management, assisted by the Division of Marine Fisheries and the Wildlife
Resources Commission, conducted additional evaluations to determine the spatial
extent of dioxin contamination in fish tissue.
Based on the information obtained from 1984 through 1989, the Division of
Environmental Management elected to focus 1990 fish tissue monitoring efforts
on 2,3,7,8-TCDD and 2,3,7,8-TCDF. This decision was based on the composition of
dioxin isomers encountered in previous sampling and the toxicity equivalency
factor (TEQ) rating of these isomers. The TEQ value is calculated assuming
additivity of effects from individual cogeners of dioxins and furans and is
expressed as an "equivalent amount of 2,3,7,8-TCDD." The basis for this approach
is to aid in the assessment of the human health risks posed by mixtures of dioxins
and furans since the bulk of toxicological research has been performed on the
TCDD cogener. Thus, by combining the TEQ approach with the toxicology
information available on TCDD, the risks associated with consumption of a
mixture of dioxins and furans in fish tissue can be estimated. Dioxin cogener
information obtained from 1984 through 1989 indicated, that on the average,
TCDD and TCDF laboratory analysis provided greater than 90% of the dioxin
information necessary to calculate the total toxicity equivalency value (TEQ)1• The
90% return of information and cost efficiency in analyses suggested benefits in
performing 2,3,7,8-TCDD and 2,3,7,8-TCDF analysis only. Laboratory identification
of additional isomers is quite expensive and provides little additional
information. Therefore, the new information available within this summary
reflects the most cost effective and timely acquisition of dioxin data from all
available sources by focusing measurements on 2,3,7,8-TCDD and 2,3,7,8-TCDF.
Furthermore, composite samples were analyzed, thus maximizing the efficiency of
laboratory costs and providing information from a large number of fish.
1North Carolina Division of Environmental Management, Water Quality Section. (1990) Fish Tissue
Dioxin Levels in North Carolina.
3
FT ' ·~ "
32
33
summary ct Individual DloKin Fish Tissue Samples
.. ·.I
~ I C.:~ "' Location Date Snecies I Sample Averaae Oioi1n Total TE! 2378·TCDD 2378-TC0F % Lioids
i)~ ~ qt ,0
.... !.YP.~.J .0. ~.!~~-!.-.,! .... om oo, om
/',
::=\;:::; ::t/:JJ./
·······.···
-:~ i A''" c,., ""·"··-' mou1h lill•ll5 ·429 ' ",. '°'
~ "ii ..3--W11lsh Cr at old Wev,rhaeuser discharoe 1211'187 C1 Chub whol,11 6•0 180.17 157 .5 207.38 I I-' r-;-!, -{, s Welch Cr 11 old Wovart,a,us.er discha1Q1t Mav 23"-Se"I 21, 1990 Black Cra""'~ ti 111119 '63 7. 3• 6 ' " 1.92
~ W9ich C1 at old Wev11rha1uwr discharoa s,ci1 19.21 1990 Chann11! Cathsh I i!lel/3 2314 11. 4 • " .. , 2,67
' "ii s ,, Welch Cr lit old W•verhaeuser disctiarce 23·Mav·90 Laraomouth Bass lillet/4 348 s.o· • 6 35 4.36
rt{,. -., s
~ " s W.ilcn C1 11 old WevarhaeUMH discharr:w:r, Mav 23-June 5, 1990 Pumnkins11ed fil\el/11 86 '· s· 3.8 7.8 4.54
1--:-'C. .... s w,1:n Cr at old W11V11rhHUSflf discharoe J,M 5•S.ct 27, 1990 Whi11 Cat!ish !tile 115 362 6. 4• 6.' 2.7 2.18 I r.½-' Welcl'I Cr at old Weverhuuser discharoe J,M 5-Sept 27, 1990 While Cattish ti 111115 362 6.S'(dupl 6.2
" s
3 .• 2.46
~ l " s Welch Cr at old W1verh11uscir dischar011 5-Jun-90 White Catlisti l illel/1 2213 s.s· 5.3 1 .8 J.54
~-A R0Jnok1 Rioter 11 P1vmouth 10111190 Blue Crab m111118 e.o· 3.' 29 1.85
~1 .,, A Roanoke River near W1,.erha1us1r dischama 12120188 lar-mouth Bns fillel/5 1387 23.2 17 .812 55.96
17-!i. { " s Roanol<.1 Ri111r near W1verha1u11r dischan::11 ADri!IMav 1989 While Catlish Fill1tl8 '25 26.2 21.507 36.835
~i " s Ro:inok1 River near Wevarhaausar d15charn1 April/May 1989 Bluanil\ Fi!11t!A "' 18.5 17.981 4.529 I
-4,!L,~ " s RoJnoka Rivar near Wov1rha1u11r dischara, A"nl!Mav 1989 Blu1oill Fillel/6 57 18.2 17.329 8.204
~{ .Ji.. .2. Roonok1 River near W111erha1user discharo• Niril/Mav 1989 Bl•ck Crannie Fi11etl4 " 7 5.482 U.971
s RcJnoi<e River near Weverhaeuser dischame Aoril/Mav 1989 Yellow Perch Fillal/4 1'7 7.6 4.726 28.197
r+L ( " ..!!--"-!3.P;inoi<a River near Waverhaeuser discharaa Aoril/Mar 1989 Gizzard Shad Whola/2 273 0.5 "' 0.773
~ A ,1,:1o'dle Rivar 11 NC 45 512189 Laroamouth Bass Ii II et/3 '33 ' 5 9.' 3.2 I • " ~ ,, " A t~1udle River at NC 45 512/89 Channel Cathsh !i\let/3 1620 94.2 77.7 "'
,:'-" A Albemarle Snd ® Terraoin Pl 512189 Laroamouth Bass Ii II 1 !/3 ,,. 8.' 7.107 9,687
4 " s Roanoke River at Marker 15 Aoril/Mav 1989 White Catfish Fillet/6 370 14.6 11. 981 19.088
~ " s Roanoke River at Marker 15 AnrillMav 1989 WMe Catfish Fille116 370 14. 1 Idun\ 11.394 19.11
"' I ~ 13 s Roanoke River at Marker 15 ADr1IIMav 1989 White Cat1ish Fil!at/4 203 1 8,9 12.177 29,945
• 13 s Roanoke Rivi! at Marker 15 April/May 1989 Blueciill Fillel/7 ., 16.9 14. 799 20.531
7.59 ., ,,,-1 " s Roanoke River at Marker 15 ADril/Mav 1989 Blueaill Fille\/4 56 8 6.967 9,827
r-"'-J " s Roanoke River al Marker 15 Atlril!Mav 1989 Black Craooie Fillet/4 92 " 19.445 14.563
~ -" s Roanoke River at Marker 15 April/May 1989 Black Crannie Fillel/4 233 27 .6 25.135 24.668
1-" s Roanoke River at Marker 15 Aor1I/Mav 1989 Black Craooie Fillel/4 233 36.9/duol 34.147 27.421 I
~ " s Roanoke River at Marker 15 AorillMav 1989 Yellow Perch Fillel/3 " 16.3 10.289 59.015
~ " s Ro::i.noka River at Marker 15 10/2/89 Bluecill Fil\at/7 86.7 20. 5• 16.6 .,
r~ " s Roanoke River at Marker 15 Sant 27,29.1989 Black Crao11ie Fillet/4 ''° 4. 5• 3.6 11.8
~ i " s Roanoke· River at Marker 15 .. ,, 27 29 Oct4, 1989 Channel Catfish Fi\let/3 536 43. 7" 41,2 24.6
-" s Roanoke River at Marker 15 Seot 11-13 1990 Black Craooie litlet/5 "' 1.5• a.a, 6.5 2.55 I
r--C " s Roanoke River at Marker 15 Seot 11-13 1990 Channel Catfish lillet/5 1409 26.4 • 26 3.8 2.56
U1 --" s Roanoke River at Marker 15 Sept 11-12. 1990 Laroamouth Bass l i llet/8 38' 2. ,. 1.7 6.9 2. 16
~ " s Roanoke River at Marker 15 · Seot 11-12 1990 Laroemouth Bass fill 1118 361 1.9"/duol " '
~ 03 s Roanoke River at Marker 15 SeD! 11-13. 1990 White Cat1ish !illel/5 396 a.a· 8 N0/0.141 2.68
3.4! ~ -" A Roanoke River at Sans Souci 5/218 9 Laroemouth .... lil\e t/ 1 675 10.8 10.328 -t.192 I ~ " A Roanoke River at Sans Souci 512189 Laroe mouth Bass tlllet/1 560 21.8 21.4 3.8
,-... " A RoJnoke River at Sa.ns Souci 51218 9 Redear ltl!e 1/2 '50 6,7 6.1 6.8
f--" A Roanoke River at Sans Souci 12/20188 LarQ8m01.lth .... Ii 11 at/5 530 29 27 .112 19.299
•.u 'io, " A Roanoke River at Sans Souci 512189 Laroamouth Bass fillet/ 5 '52 13.6 13.29 2.538
,~ ,, A Roanoke Rivar at Sans Souci 512/89 Laroe,mouth Bass fil!a115 3'2 " 23.8 2.3 I ~ 65 A Roanoke River at Mouth 5/2/89 lar011mouth Bass tillat/1 1008 9 ' 8.709 3.171
2.94 -65 A Roanoke River 11 Mouth 51218 9 Whtte Ban lil\1111 575 0.9 EMPC(1.3\ 8.2
-65 A Roanoke River at Mouth 51218 9 Lar,...mouth .... Ii 111 !/ 1 850 \0.7 9., "
-65 A h::-anoka River at Mouth 51218 9 Laroemou!h Bass litlel/4 558 11.3 11.25 3.578
,---65 A R.:.a110ke River at Mouth 5/2/89 Lar01mou1h Bass li\\el/6 420 "0 11 .7 2 7 I -" s Cas~ie River at Windsor Sect 19-20, 1990 Black Craoo~ t I II 8112 3,0 0. NOf0.16\ NOI0.251 3.43
-" s Cashie River at Windsor Oct 6-7, 1990 Channel Catlish ti llet/2 2592 1 .6 • ' 6 ND(0,26\ 3.42
-" s Ciishie River at Windsor Sept 20-0ct 7. 1990 Laroemouth Bass fillet/9 · 726.5 0. ND(0.04) 0.08 4.43
-I " s Casnie River at Windsor Sent 19-0ct 7, 1990 Vallow Bullhead Ii II 11/6 '93 0. NOrD.05\ NOI0.251 2. 53
'---" s C:isnie River at San Souci Farrv 19-Seo-90 Charinel C.:itfish !illat/1 5033 0. N0(0.321 NOI0.74\ 3.86 I ~ ! " s C.:.sr,ie River at San Souci Farrv Sept 19-20, 1990 Channel Ca1tisn Iii let/1 0 2004 1.4" u N0(0.45) 5.05
---" s C:i$r.,e Riv111 at San Souci Ferry 18-Seo-90 Laroemouth Bass lillet/11 366 0. ND/0,41\ NOI0.59) 2.86
--f67 s C:isnia Aiver at San Souci Ferrv Sect 19-20. 1990 laroemouth Bass Ii lie t/3 1759 0. ND(0.23) ND!0.37\ u
-i-J.L -+ ~Emarle Sound at Marker 1 Sect 11-13, 1990 Channel Catfish Iii le\/1 0 1656 16 .7" " 7.2 3.39
~ 68 Alt,;,marle Sound at Marker 1 Seot 11-13. 1990 Channel Catfish l illell 1 0 1656 21.S"lduol 21.1 4.3 I ,--I 68 s Aloemarle Sound at Marker 1 Sect 11-13. 1990 Channel Catlish lilletl7 1529 10. 1 • 9. 7 3 8 3. 1
--' 68 s Albemarle Sound at Marker 1 Sap1 11-13, 1990 Laroemouth Bass fillel/3 367 1. 8" L2 6.• 3.49
,--; " s Aib&marla Sound s1 Marker 1 Sect 12·21, 1990 White P,rch lil1e1l12 .. 7. g• 5' 28 2.81
~-'I 69 s B)ilckwater R. ann 15 mi UPS Union Camp discharci Sept/Oci 1989 L■rnamouth Bas.s Fill•t 0. ND/0.9) 0.21
f--,I " s Blackwater R. aDD 15 mi UPS Union Camp d1seha Auo/S1101 1989 B\ueo1II Fillet 0. ND/0.71 0.29 I -; " s Blackwater R 100 15 mi UPS Union Cimo discharge Aue 18-25 1989 Chann•l Catlish Fillet 2. 3• 2.3 ND(0,181
-:~ s B10:kwat•r R. ap□ 15 mi UPS Union Camp dischar March 8-13,1990 Laroemouth Bass Fiilll 0. ND/0.5\ ND!0.3\
-s Blackw11er R. aoo 15 m1 UPS Union Camo discha1n, Maleh 8-13.1990 B!ueoill Fillll 0. ND(0.191 ND(0.111
-l_!9 s Bl;ickwater R. atin 15 mi UPS Union Camri dis.char 2113/90 Channel Catfish Fillll 4.o· 3.9 1.33
,_ ' " s Blackwater R. 15 mi UPS Union Camp dischar"• 2113190 Chann•I Ca1t1sh Whole o. a· 0.8 0.23 I r-'-I " s 81::ickwater R. aoo 15 mi UPS Union Camo discharn• 311 3190 Blueback Hemng Dra.,.n 1 ,. 1.2 1.5 9.26
c_... I 69 s Black.,.aw R app 15 mi UPS Union Came discham,, 311 3190 Blueback Herrino Whole ' .9· 1.8 1 6.56
-I 70 s Bl:;ickwa1ar R. a= 5 mi UPS Union Camo d1scharoe Feb-88 Bullhead Fillet ' 2· 1.2 0.42
-I 70 s 81:;ic~.,.ater R aM 5 mi UPS Union Camo discharoe Fab-88 Catfish Fillet ' .8• 1.8 ND(0.531
-70 s Blackwa1ar R aPO 5 mi UPS Union Camn d1scharqe Fao-88 Cat1ish Fillet 2.1 "lduo\ 2 1 NDI0.29) I ,_ If 70 s Blacil.,.atar R. aM 5 mi UPS Union Camo dischar1ie Mav 2-12.1989 Channel c.111sh F illet/3 1. 3• 1.3 0.41
,_ 70 s Blackwater R. aoo 5 mi UPS Union Camp discharoe Mav 2-12.1989 Channel Catlish Fillat/3 1.5"(dup\ ,.5 0.35
-'I 70 s Blacl<.watar A aoo 5 mi UPS Urion Camp discharqe Mav 2-12.1989 Channel Catlish ·Whola/Como ' .. u 0.39
-l l 70 s Bi:1~;.,...ater A ann 5 mi UPS Union Came d1schar0& Mav 2-12 1989 Channel C:i1ti~r. Whole1Com0 1.5• 1.6 0.46
I
s-Industry Monitored, A-Agency NO-non-detected EMPC-Estimated Maximum Potential Concentration
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32
Summary ol Individual Dioxin Ar.h Ti&&ue Samples
44 s at 1-1 ... .-.......
4 4 S Tren1 River at Havward Creek
4 5 S Trent River at Pollocksville
Julv 25-0CI 16 1990 Wh"lte Parch fi/111122 227.9 0 • NDI0.201 NOI0.36) 4_4 Julv 24-0ct 16, 1990 Laroemouth lille\/5 615.6 0 • N0/0.13\ NOf0.341 2_1 4 5 S Trenl River al Poltocksvill• 24•Jul-90 Redbreast fillet/2 241 O' ND(0.221 NDI0.09l 4_1 45 S T1ant River at Pollocksville Julv 24-0ct 16, 1990 While Catfish tillet/2 587 0.6" 0.62 NOI0.65\ 2.a 45 A Trent River at Potlock1vill1 9/6/90 Redear Sunfish fillel/3 57 0 • N) 0.16 o.s, 4 5 A Trenl River al Pollocksville 916/90 Lar.....,mouth Baas fiJJol/7 698 o• ~ ~ 1.07 4 6 S Neuse River at Fairliekl Ha/bor-Ft. Point 30-0c1-90 Floundor litlot16 259.5 0' NOf0.111 NDI0.33l 3., 4 6 S Neuse River at Fairfield Harbor-Ft. Point Oct 16-25 1990 Strioed Mullet filJet/18 463.8 0.4' N0/0.14) 4.4 11_7 4 6 S Nwuse River a! Fairfield Hartor•Ft Point Oct 10·25 1990 Strined Mullet !illll!/18 480 0.9· 0,43 4.9 13.1 46 S Na~N River at Fair1i11d Harbor-Ft. Point 16-0ct-90 Striood Mullot-Aoo 1 537 1.0· N0/0.39! 9.5 2,.a 4 7 A Slocum Crellll 916190 Mullet 111101112 550 1.0· 0.68 3.2 11.11, 4 7 A Slo::um Crellll 916190 BladlCraocie lillot/10 233 0.2• EMPCf0.13! 0.44 0 46 41 A Slocum Crellll 916/90 Laroemouth Bass !illel/S 529 o· ~ ~ 0.98 4 7 A Slocum Croll« 918190 Flounder lillet/3 206 0 • ~ ~ 0.21 48 S Nou5o11 Rivor at Beard Creek 16-0ct-90 Croaker tillot/5 88.8 o· N0!0.04) ND/0.551 12.2 4 8 S N.-uso Rivor at Beard Creek 16-0ct-90 Snot fiJlol/4 112.8 0.2' NOI0.121 2.1 9_4 48 S Neus-11Aiv11ra1BeardCr&0k Oct 10·16 1990 Soot tillot/5 444.5 0.1' ND10.17\ 1.4 7.4 48 S N1;u59 River at Board Creek 16-0ct-90 Stripod Mullet lillol/9 332.6 0.4' ND/0.43) 4.4 4 49 A Neus.e Aivor at Minnosott Beach 917190 Croaker lill11t110 251 O' ~ 0.27 4.72 49 A Neu!III Aivor at Minnesott Beach 9/7/90 Mulle1 lillol/9 420 0.7' EMPC/0.49) 2.3 9.93 f-"'c':--+c•--l,""''"'~'--;Rc""'"'"'c's"o''="""''~"':"c .. a"''c':ch _______ +---;;'""c'c'c0,-----\,8""'c'':cc-:-----+-"'c"a':-'c"::'-,0,--t--'c'a'',---t---;;'""·'c·,----tc'a"aPC""""'0c·';;"t1r-··-,,,c·''c---t-c'0·'~•'-l 49 A Neus.e Aivor at Minnesott Beach 9/7/90 Floundar fille!/10 421 0.2' EMPC/0.14) 0.43 0.69 • r~5c0,--j-7Af,Sc'0"c"'-aRci'a'c'c"c',~,='c"'-;sRc"'c'c'---------t--"9c'c1"8c"a0::----t~8cc:""c::-c-----t-"17ilCICoCHClC7-t--'a8"0,---j-__ COC07" __ -t_~O ... <<S _ __,r-o1a·5'--j-c10c·c7>24j rcScOc_-j-A',.'i'Scoa'c'h~Rci'c'c'c"c'o~'c''clh°"'Rci'c'c'---------+:-~c•c'c.'a'c'c'cO=-+'Cc'°c'ckc
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51 S Neuse Aivar at Oriental Oct 16-17. 1990 Soot !illol/13 163.1 O' NOc0,251 NDl0.911 11.2 ~ 51 S Nousa River a1 Oriental 16-0ct-90 Snot fiJlll/12 156 0.2' N0(0.071 1.6 1u
f-c5c2,--+cA-r;R;',",',."•='•"aRci,.7-, c,c1 ;;wc,c1,.c':,c11CHC,CtcShCr·-------t--";c,',,'8,',';9c;gc"----\,;S1c,C,.i C,,cd-B",c,c,:---t--',.lislCI 0C1C,"C1 ~+-a,c6c,,,c-l---,'1';,s. ,,----t--'";1s,c1"-',f---,2;'2c.;;2--f--'"-"c...j ;, 52 A Aoanoka Rivar at Waldon (Hatch\ 518/89 Striped Bas, fillel/4 745 11.2 8.2 27.4 53 A Roanoke A1var al Weldon 9/5/90 Channel Catlish fillol/9 627 o.s· EMPCf0.49l 0.52 2.98 ;, 53 A Roanoke Ai~r at Waldon 915/9 0 White Catfish lillot/10 256 0' ~ EMPCI0.151 0.41 'it • 53 A Roanoke River at Waldon 9/5190 Lar011mouth Bass lillal/3 366 -0.8' 0.72 1.1 20.H •l 53 A Ro:tnokoRiveratWaldon 9/5/90 Blu11aifl !1111118 111 -0.4' EMPC!0.32) 0.47 1.84 ¼". r 0
5c3,--t-a8-t;R;',-,-00c,c,-';;R•i,-,c, -,-, 7.w:',cldc,':,----------t--c1:-1c,,'c1;',:-:8c9c--f.'R'-,':0::'0,"0°,c.,:-;8c,c,1c,,ch:-t--;Fcilcl,-,c,::8-t-c9c,c.s3-!r--;:0c2c.c---ts,c.M'cPC""'"'::'0'c.20::o,,:--r-c0'c.::2=2--t--'='-j £ 54 A Roanoko River at Hami/!on 9/5/90 Lar'311mouth Bass lillo1111 648 0.6" EMPC/0.50! 0.54 1.51 ~f 54 A Roanoka River' at Hamilton 9/5/90 larn<>moulh Bass fillat/11 648 0.6'(dunl 0.52 0.67 1.55• ~f·.• 54 A Roanoka River at Hamilton 915190 Blueoill lilla\110 131 O' ~ ~ 0.68" .:l': 54 A Roanoke River at Hamilton 9/5190 Channal Ca!lish lillot/2 960 0 • ~ 0.26 3.48·-flf/. f-C'c'c-+cA+.Rcoc'c"s''c''-',Rc"e'c'o'clcHc•;m0,ohoco'---------t---,:--='c"•'s'cOc,,,c---,(,WChoit70-;aCc•ctlaisch~--t-.,ticlcl •clc'c'-+-,'c6c9',J,..,f----,OC. 70",---t---,'c·6c,Sc__f-'ECMCPC-','O<C<Oe.35cSl4-'0C.Sa5c•,· J-'.-' 55 S Roanoke Aiver at Williamston Oct 2,4,6,1989 Blacil Craooie Fillol/3 276.3 0.9' 0.68 2 r ~'ff;• l-"s",~t-Sc-/iR•,".,",.7','-aR'-i,0,0,0,01"w""illci,0m0,0,o0,'--------j-~C';1-:0':,c:6;;'8,:9~~-tC~h,0a0,",'"1 ';C~~"tci,ch--r-,,.c;ilc.l,clc'1,--j-~,:c,c5~t----,,c.,".c3.:---+--,c,i.-:5--t--c,.'c,--l---,·;_t;· 55 S Ro.lnoka Aivar 11 W1/liamston Soot 26-0ct 7 t990 Black Craooie lillat/7 315 o• NDI0.11l 0.22 4.14• !';,1· 1 55 S Roanoka Aivar 11 William,1on Oct 6-7 1990 Blacil Crappie li!lot/1 O 140 o • ND!0.12) 0.25 3.02 -f;'i 55 S Roanolto River al Williamston June 8-0ct 6, 1990 Channal Ca"lliah lillll/6 721 0.6' 0.57 NDI0.27l 4.09 j~,
l-':'c-r.c+.c=cc,=---;c"'~"c'cc==~-------+=cc-:.c;'="'c',""'~E~"cc"'"c'~-t--ccc'-'-"c'c--t--=""-+-
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55 S Aoanoka Riv•r 11 WiUiamaton Oct 6-7, 1990 Whita Catfish fillel/1 4 235 0 • ND!0.46\ NDI0.26) 2.M · .>il'."' 56 S Roanoke Rivarl Broad Cr. Slouoh AorillMav 1989 Bluaoill Fill111/1 38 0.6 0.566 0.372 ~"'f
l-"s",~+s"--J"Rc,","oo",'ko~Rci,0o0,0e0,0,=,=,ecc,c. =s"1,",',h'-------j--A=,,c,cilc,Mc,c,,'-1"s"a",~+."",,",~,iilcl----+-,c"il"1,"1",2,--j--,2"1"2:--+--,""-.
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56 S Roanoko Riv111rl Broad Cr, S/olloh Aoril/Mav 1989 Black Craooie FiUat/4 152 1.9 0.974 0.485 'L 1--"'"''--t-Scc.isRc•o'c~""''c.cRci'c's'c"ero,=•edaCc•c· eSa1•a"•'h'-------+--"°""'c"c'"c's"'--'"'"'"''--+"Wchc"o'cPc•c•c'hc... __ +_0Fcila1•a•c"'--+--''''"''--+--•"c·c'--+->'<'a·•e•e•:__+-''"'"·o•c72,_+--s•1~'t-S6 S (Ro3noke Rivarl Broad Cr. Slouoh AnrillMav 1989 Whita Porch Fill111/4 182 4.1 3.735 3.608 ·· •·-v: 56 S Roar.)ko Aivor\ Broad Cr. S!ot1ah Aorll!Mav 1989 Yallow Patch Fillet/3 64 0.1 ~ 0.607 .. ti~ 1 1--",",'--+s"-l"R",","oo"",,"-"R",,",",,,""e",.',',"c",". "s",,",.',h'-------+--.0,,",""",.',' .. '--,",",",'--~c""1w",",",""'"•"•""--+-w"",",",,",",-+--,',",-+--",".,'---+--,".',".,--+1----',".,","
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\-c'"':--+S~CRc•c'coo'S,ko,c.cR7i,e•':ll½',Bro'=,edoCc•o· eSsloe"•lhe_ ______ t-cA7\ne•cilc;,Mc•>"L.,'c'c'o''---f.cGca>>e"Od,iSehcaod1--__ t-_W,i';h70CloC,C3_t-c'c'c',..-+--c'c'':·''---+->'c'c·'c,3c7C-+--''c.'c'c•'c,5C7_t--,:11~~-,
57 S Vhilch Creek at Highwav 64 AprillMav 1989 8h1anill Fillat/5 161 20.7 18.658 20.332 .,. f-C'c''--+s~cWc•el'eh!."'CO,-"',kc•e'oHei""olhw"'"'---,'>'--------+--'Ao'•e•~ilc'"e•s"L-'c'c'~'l--+."BCl'o°'c..
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_s~ _£ _1,'._JPl:;h Creek at Hiahwav 64 AorillMav 1989 Lar01mot1th Baas FiJlotlS 947 0.9 0.654 0.696 ~ •. \-i->'c''--+s~c"c"e"eh!."'Cs•-e,,ka•e1cHoio'1!!1h•"'"'---:""---------t--•o''e'C"".'"e•e"L-1c9~•~•1--4'=H>•c"cin,:,_o
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57 S Welch Creek at Hiahwav 64 AorillMav 1989 Gizzard Shad Who/a/5 194 89.6 38.922 305.982 ,i;. , _c5~71--+•~1e1·,,•e•eh!."'Cc•-e,,•c•e1cHe"•·• e'h""'"'-'"'---------t-"""°"'"";'"e•e"Lcc'~•e8e91--4c""h"",e,e""e'~'•'<'---t--!!w~he•s1•e'o'-+-c'~'e''.-+--;•01~.,.___+="'~•~·•'c'=+--''''c·e•e"'-+--~•1· ~f· '!.
r 57 S W&lch Croek al Hiahwav 64 10123/B9 Warmouth Fillal/4 82.5 O.s• EMPCf0.451 0.5 •· ,.::if ~:j't'~=~=·i~~w~-~-~ht)0~'"~~'j'i'~"~'·i·o ~•h•~~.,~~ .. ~~~~~~~~~i~c======i::i~~' ~"~'~'~'~·~·~~~=~i"~''~•~o~il~l~;~~~c:::f::!'~"~'•~·~'i'::t:~'~'~·l·:~:::::i'i·'~-=====f~~~~,;.~,~
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Roanoke River System
(Sampling locations are shown in Figures 2 and 5)
Fish samples were collected to evaluate the extent of known dioxin contamination
of the Roanoke River System above and below the discharge of the Weyerhaeuser
facility at Plymouth. Fish fillet analyses in 1990 evaluated 222 total individuals
yielding 33 composites (Table 8). None of the locations sampled in 1990 above
Williamston, N.C. had average dioxin concentrations above 3 ppt expressed as
TEQ . Williamston, N.C. had been previously selected by the State Health
Director as the upper bound for a dioxin fish consumption advisory on the
Roanoke River. In 1990, fish fillets in Welch Creek and the Roanoke River near
the Weyerhaeuser discharge continued to have elevated dioxin concentrations.
The maximum TEQ value observed in 1990 from the Roanoke system was found
in a composite sample of five channel catfish averaging 1409 grams in weight.
This maximum value was 26.4 ppt expressed as TEQ. In general, 1990 dioxin
information from the Roanoke system suggests lower fillet values when
compared to data collected prior to 1990 (Table 9). Explanations for this change
would be consistent with the possibilities mentioned in the Neuse River.
Samples collected from the Roanoke River at Weldon (Hatch) in 1988 were made
available for testing by staff of the Wildlife Resources Commission as a result of
fish hatchery activities on striped bass. The exact origin of these samples was not
determined.
Table 8. Roanoke River System Dioxin Fish Fillet Summary For 1990
Station Ei~h Eill~i Sam12l~Q in l 22Q
Location Station Location Avg Nurn Nurn Num % obs
Number TE lrrl Obs S ecies ;e 3 TE
52 Roanoke River at Weldon (Hatch)
53 Roanoke River at Weldon 0.4 30 4 4 0
54 Roanoke River at Hamilton 0.4 42 5 4 0
55 Roanoke River at Williamston 0.2 37 4 3 0
56 (Roanoke River) Broad Cr. Slough
57 Welch Creek at Highway 64
58 Welch Creek Old Discharge Trowbridge Rd.
59 Welsh Cr at old Weyerhauser discharge 38 7 5 JOO
60 Roanoke River near Weyerhauser discharge
61 Middle River at NC 45
62 Albemarle Snd@ Terrapin Pt
63 Roanoke River at Marker 15 31 5 4 40
64 Roanoke River at Sans Souci
65 Roanoke River at Mouth
66 Cashie River at Windsor 0.4 19 4 4 0
67 Cashle River at Sans Souci Fe 0.4 25 4 2 0
222 33 20
total total average
14
er
Figure 5. ROANOKE RIVER SYSTEM gf
ii:
z:
0 3
APPROXIMATE SCALE
(MILES)
WEYERHAUSER
i
0 ::c
(.)
ALBEMARLE
SOUND@)
[) DIOXIN FISH MONITORING LOCATIONS
□ MAJOR HIGHWAYS
OTHER LOCATIONS SHOWN IN FIGURE 2
. t· --1 ..
15
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Current Fish Consumption Health Advisories for Dioxin in North Carolina
Pigeon River
No fish caught from the Pigeon River between Canton, N.C. and the
Tennessee state line. should be consumed.
Welch Creek
Welch Creek --the entire creek
Fish in Welch Creek may contain dioxins at levels of concern and should not
be eaten. Swimming, boating, and other recreational activities present no
health risks and are not affected by this advisory.
Roanoke River
Roanoke River --from to the mouth of the river emptying into Albemarle
Sound. (Includes Broad Creek Slough) to the Highway 17 bridge near
Williamston, N.C. Fish in the Roanoke River may contain low levels of
dioxins. Consumption of fish should be limited to one meal per person per
month. Children and pregnant or nursing women should not consume any
fish from the Roanoke River until further notice. Swimming, boating, and
other recreational activities present no health risks and are not affected by this
advisory. Striped bass, herring, and shad (including roe) are not covered by
this health advisory. Consumption of these three migratory fish species is
not considered to present a health risk.
Chowan River
Chowan River --the entire length of .the river in North Carolina to the
mouth emptying into Albemarle Sound. Catfish in the Chowan River may
contain low levels of dioxins. Consumption of catfish should be limited to
one meal per person every two months. Children and pregnant or nursing
women should not consume any catfish from the Chowan River until
further notice. All other fish in the Chowan River may be consumed with no
limitations as they have not been found to contain significant dioxins.
Swimming, boating, and other recreational activities present no health risks
and are not covered by this advisory:·
Neuse River
Neuse River --from Fort Barnwell to a line across the river from Johnson
Point to McCotter Point (Minnesott Beach).
Fish in this area of the Neuse River may contain low levels of dioxins.
Consumption of fish should be limited to two meals per person per month.
Children and pregnant or nursing women should not consume any fish from
this area of the Neuse River until further notice. Striped bass, herring, and
shad (including roe) are not covered by this health advisory. Consumption of
these three migratory fish species is not considered to present a health risk.
Note:
These health advisories are only recommendations and do not constitute a
regulatory ban on fishing or fish consumption. Advisories will be updated as
necessary.
39
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Ref. 19
. ; .
--. ~-~
~·,.--~,;,.?:"'!"; ··,it• ~ r. •. : ... · • ...,:! 'f:, f.,~:_.i , .•.. J'."~--.1.~~···· ·.-.:·-,,.~ '···I
w! •• ;i;~:(i::;: .. --':
... , ...
North Carolina Inland
Fishing, Hunting & Trappin~J
E'foct11;0 J1J'I'/ 1 '\0C:JL1 ,r )1111P, ")(] •jCJnrs. I'-'~,.., ''-;._ ~~lJ, ... • .,, -, .. ,.,
.... I
I
))
LICENSE REQUIREMENTS AND INFORMATION ........ 4
FISHING REGULATIONS
Inland Game Fish .....
Warmwater Game Fish ..
Mountain Trout
Nongame Fish .
BOATING ACCESS REGULATIONS
HUNTING REGULATIONS
Big Game ..... .
Small Game and Other Species .
Controlled Hunting Preserves ....
Migratory Game Birds
TRAPPING REGULATIONS
········· 7 . .. 7
. ....... 8
..... 9
. .... 13
..... 17
..... 19
... 20
.24
24
..... 24
..... 25
GAME LANDS REGULATIONS ................. , ... . . .... 26
LOCAL LAWS.
Hun!ing and Trapping
Local Fox Laws ..
BIG GAME TAG REPORT.
UNLA_IVFULHARASSMENT
APPLICATION FORMS ........ .
Swan Permit Application ........ .
Small Game Hunts Application.
Trapping Applicati0n.
Wildlife in North Carolina Magazine .....
Managed Either-Sex Deer Hunts ...
Permit Turkey Hunts Application.
Permi1 Waterfowl Hunts Application ..
Wildlile Endowment Fund
···················· 28
..... 28
. ... 32
.. 33
..... 33
... 37
37
.. 37
. .... 37
. ............... 38
. .... 39
..... 41
. 41
············· .... 42
Hunling, Trapping and Fishing are Norlh Carolina's oldest and most cherished traditions. The future of these great outdoor sports depends on our wise and balanced management. We all must share in this responsibility.
NORTH CAROLINA
WILDLIFE CALENDAR
To order the Calendar, or reserve your calendar for next year,
please wrile: CALENDAR, NC Wildlife Resources Commis-
sion, Archdale Building, 512 N. Salisbury Street, Raleigh, NC
27604-1188: [phone].
EQUAL OPPORTUNITY
The Wildlife Resources Commission is an Eq'Jal Opportunity
Employer and al! wildlife programs are administered for the
benefit of all North Carolina citizens without prejudice towards
ag·e, sex, race. religion, or national origin. Violations of this
pledge may be repo~ed to the Equal Employment Officer, Larry.
A. Campbell, Personnel Officer, NC Wildlife Resources Com-
mission, 512 N. Salisbury Street, Raleigh, NC 27604-1188,
telephone [phone] .
Cover photograph by Jim Dean of the North
Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission.
"The publication al this digest was paid for through the sale
of advertising. The North Carolina Wildlife Resources Com-
mission neither endorses products or services listed nor
accepts any liability arising from the use of produc1.s or
services listed."
Published by WJ F Marketing, Inc., Lebanon, Oregon 97355.
For Advertising information call Richard Meyers, Advertising
Sales Manager. Phone 503-259·2991.
Stale of North Carolina
James 8. Hunt Jr., Governor
Department al Environment, Health and Natural Resources
Jonathan 8. Howes, Secretary
NORTH CAROLINA
WILDLIFE RESOURCES COMMISSION
John F. Lentz, Chairman ............. . . ........... Ellerbe
Bobby N. Setzer, Vice Chairman. . .. Cullowhee
. ......... Cary Susan L. Allen ....
Richard P. Budd
Ovide E. de St. Aubin
Junicr W. Dew .....
............. Winston-Salem
......... Siler City
Lawrence ''l_arry'' Diedrick .
Russell M. Hull, Jr..
Ted B. Lockerman.
John W. Parks 111 .
John E. Pechmann .
Roy Gerodd Sowers Ill
Jerry W. Wright ..
. ....... Hallsboro
. .. Rocky Mount
.. Elizabeth City
. ........... Clinlon
. ........ Gastonia
Fayetteville
........... Burgaw
. ...... Jarvisburg
Charles R. Fullwood, Executive Director
Raleigh
FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION, CONTACT:
~Jorth Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission
512 N. Salisbury Street
Raleigh, NC 27604-1188
For motorboat registration call
1-(919)-662-4373
For license information cal!
1-(919)-662-4370
550,000 copies of this public document were printed al
a cost of $48,519 or $0.08 per copy.
3
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gill nets ·1n the Northeast Cape Fear River and Long Creek, with dip and bow nets in Black River; and with seines in the main run of North• east Cape Fear River.
December I ·May I with gil! nets in Black River: and with dip, bow, and gill nets in Moore's Creek approximately one mile upstream to New ~1oon Fishing Camp.
Perquimans: July I-June 30 w'1th traps in all inland waters.
December 1-June Swith dip and bow nets in all inland public waters, excluding public lakes, ponds, and other impounded waters: and with gill nets in all inland public waters.
Person: July I-August 31 'Mth seines in Hyco Creek and Mayo Creek. July I-June 30with gigs in all public waters. Pitt: July I-June 30with traps in Neuse River and in Tar River below the mouth ol Hardee Creek east of Greenville.
December 1-June Swith dip, bow, and dritt gill nets and with seines in Tar River; and with dip, bow, and gill nets in all other inland public waters, except Grindle Crook, and Contentnea Creek between NC 118 bridge at Gritton and the Neuse River.
Polk: July I-June 30with gigs in all public waters, except designated public mountain trou1 waters. Randolph: December J. March 1 with gill nets in Deep River and Uwharrie River. . July I-August 3 f with seines in Deep River above the Col0ridgo Dam and in Uwharrie River. July I-June 30 with gigs in all public waters. Richmond: July I-August 31 'Nith seines in all running public waters, except Pee Dee River trom Blewet! Falls Dam downstream to the Seaboard Coastline Railroad trestle. July 1-June 30 with traps and gigs in all public waters, except lakes located on the Sandhills Game Land. ·
December 1-June 5 wi!h dip and tow nets in Pee Dec River below Blewen Falls Dam; and with gill nets in Pee Dee Aivor below tho mouth
of Canledges Creek.
Robeson: December I ·March 1 wi!h gill nets and gigs in all inland pub1"1c waters.
Rockingham: July I-August 31 with seines in Dan River and Haw River.
July t-June 30with traps in Dan River; and with gigs in all public waters.
Rowan: July 1-AuguS; 31 with seines in all run-ning public waters.
July 1 • June 30 with traps and gigs ·,n afl public waters.
Rutherford: July I-August 31 with seines in a/I running public waters, except designated public mountain trout waters.
July 1..June JO with traps, gigs, and spear guns. in all public waters, except designated public mountain trout waters.
Sampson: December I-March 1 with gill nets in all inland public waters.
December 1-May 1 with gill nets in Big Coharrie Creek, Black River, and Six Runs Creek. May 2..June Swith gill net5 of no less than 5½-inch stretch ·measure in Big Coharrie Creek, Black River, and Six Runs Creek.
December 1-JuneSwith dip and bow nets in Big Coharrio Creek, Black River, and Six Runs Creek.
Scotland: December I-March I 'With gill nets in all inland public waters except lakes located on the Sandhills Game Land. Stanly: July 1-August 31 with seinos in al! running public waters, except Pee Dee River between Tillery Dam and Rocky River. July 1-June 30 with traps and gigs in all public waters.
Stokes: July 1..Juna 30 with traps and gigs in all public waters, except designated public moun-tain trout wators; and traps may not be used in Belews Creek Reservoir. Surry: July 1-June 30 with gigs in all public waters, exceptdCsignated publ"icmountain trout waters: and with traps in the main stem of Yadkin River.
Below is a listing of current fish consumption advisories for North Carolina waters: Body of Water Advisory Pollutant Hyco Lake and All Fish. No consump~on by women of child bearing age. Selenium B0lews Lake No more than 4-6 ounces per 'Neek for the general
Albemarle Sound
(from Bull Bay to
Harvey Point west
lo mouth of Roanoke
and Chowan fr,,~rs)
Roanoke River
(Hwy 17 in William-
ston to the mouth
of Albemarle Sound/
Chowan River
(entire river in UC)
Welch Creek
(Martin Co.)
Pigeon River
Pages Lake, Pit
Links and Watson
Lnko (Mooro·Co.)
Big Creek
(Columbus Co.)
Waccamaw Aivnr
(Colun·1bus nna·
(Brunswick cos.j
1G
population.
All fish except herring, shad and shellflsh. No cons-urnpfon by pregnant women, nursing women and children No mor0 than two rrl.!a/s por month for general populafon.
All fish except, herring, shod and shellfish. No cons-umption by pregnc1nl women, nursing women and children. No more than two meals per month for general population.
All fish except, herring, shad and shellfish. No cons• umpfon by pregnant women, nursing women and children. No more than two meals per month tor general population All fish except, herring, shad and shellfish. No cons-umption.
All fish. No consumption
Largemouth buss. No consumption by women of child-bearing age and children. No more than two meals per month for tho general ,oopulation.
Largemouth bass and bowf!n (blackflsh). No cons-umption by women of childbearing age and children. No rnoro ihan ~ .... o meals per month for tho general popul;ition.
Dioxins
Dioxins
Dioxins
Dioxins
Dioxins
Mercury
Mercury
Swain: July I-June 30 with gigs in all public waters, excep! designated public mountain trout waters.
Transylvanla: July I-June 3q with gigs in all public waters, except designated public moun-tain trout waters.
Tyrrell: July I .June 30with traps in Scuppernong River and Alligator Creek. December 1-JuneSwith dip and bow nets in all inland public waters, excluding impounded pub-lic waters and Bee Tree Canal within 50 yards of the Lake Phelps fish ladder.
December I-June S·with gill nets in Alligator Creek.
Union: July I -August 31 with seines in all running public waters.
July I-June 30with traps and gigs in all public . waters.
Vance: December 1-March 1 with gill nets in Southerlands Pond and Ellis Pond. July 1-August 31 with seines in the Tar River. July I-June 30 with gigs in all public waters, except Ro/ands, Faulkners, Southerlands, and Weldon ponds, City Lake, and Kerr Reservoir. July I-Juno 30with dip nets in Kerr Reservoir. July I-June JO with cast nets in all public waters. Wake: July I-June 30 with gigs in all public waters, except Sunset, Benson, Wheeler, Ra-leigh, and Johnson lakes.
December /-June Swith dip arKi bow nots in the Neuse River below Milburnie Dam, and Swift Creek below Lake Benson Dam. Warren: July I -August 3 f with seines in Fishing Creek, Shocco Creek, and Walker Creek; ex-cluding Duck and Hammes Mill ponds. Jufy I-June 30 with gigs in all public waters, except Duck and Hammes Mill ponds, Kerr Reservoir, and Gaston Reservoir. July I-June 30 with dip nets in Kerr Reservoir and Gaston Reser1oir.
July I -June 30withcast nets in all public waters. Washington: December /-June 5 with dip and bow nets in all inland public ·.vaters, excluding impounded public waters: and with gill nets in Conaby Creek.
Wayne: December /-March I with gill nets in Sasser's Mill Pond and Sleepy Creek Lake. December /-June 5 with dip and bow nets ·1n Little River, Mill Creek, and Neuse River, except from Quaker Neck Dam downstream to SR 1008 (Tolar) bridge. Wilkes: July I-June 30 with traps in Yad~.in River below W. Kerr Sccr1 Reservoir; and wilh gigs and spear guns in all public waters, except designated public mountain trout waters. Wilson: July I-June JO with gigs in Contentnea Crock (except.Buckham Reservoir), including unnamed tributaries bot'Neen Flowers Mill and SR 1163 (Deans) bridgo.
December I-June 5 with dip and bow nots in Contentnea Creek t.31ow US 301 bridge and in Toisnot Swamp downstream from tho Lake Toisnot Dam.
January 1•March I with gill noL.c; in Silver Lake. Yadkin: July /-June 30 with gigs in all public waters; and with rraps in the main stem of Yadkin River. .,, ~s"'.'.'~'"i!tifKtr"''~lD~
i· NIR~A,© • ' _,,.,.., -~•-···-···.:;:.>-~ ... 1 •• , ....
POSSESSION OF CERTAIN FISHES It is un/;iwful to :r::ir,sv.irt, purch;ise, possoss, or soil ;:iny spocies of p1ranhn, th0 "walking cattish" (Clarias b.1lr,1r;hu-;; r.A" th(\ ·1,hitn am1Jr or ··~;rnss
d
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Ref. 20
Report No. 93-02
HEAVY METALS IN ORGANIC-RICH MUDS
OF THE ALBEMARLE SOUND ESTUARINE SYSTEM
January 1993
ALBEMARLE =PAMLICO
ESTUARINE STUDY
NC Department or
Environment, Health,
end Natural Resources 111%8111 Environmental
Protection Ag .. ncy
National Estuary Program
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PART E: RESULTS
AREAS OF CONCERN IN TllE ALBEMARLE SOUND ESTUARINE SYSTEM
Figure El is an index map showing the location of all area maps used in the
I PART E: RESULTS section of this report. Table El is an outline of the specific
regional areas and associated mape that will be the basis for presentation and
discussion of all analytical data through the remainder of this report.
I
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Lower Roanoke River Area
One of the largest wood products facilities in the world is located on the
banks of Welch Creek and the Lower Roanoke River west of Plymouth. Thie
industrial site has been operating since 1938 and today consists of 1200 acres,
which includes 750 acres of industrial waste water treatment ponds (Fig. E2).
Originally, all industrial waste water from the facility was discharged d~rectly
into the Roanoke River. However, during the period between the early 1960's and
1988, all industrial waste water was discharged directly into Welch Creek (near
WEL-4 in Fig. E2). Beginning in 1968 all industrial waste water, except cooling
water, was processed throUgh a secondary treatment plant before being discharged
into adjacent Creek waters. Since 1988, the 55 million gallons per day of
noncooling, industrial waste water has been discharged directly into the Roanoke
River through a diffuser pipe across the River bottom. This discharge pipe is
located downstream of the plant site and slightly upstream of the mouth of Welch
Creek.
In a site inspection report for North Carolina, Durway (1986) described
three on-site areas where hazardous substances occur, or in the past have been
generated or disposed of. There probably have been many different sources of
numerous contaminants from this large and complex industrial facility over the
years. It is not known to what extent any or all of these historic sites could
continue to be impacting the adjacent waterways. These sites include the
following:
1. A wood treatment plant has been operating since 1979 and produces a
chromate copper arsenate sludge as a by-product material. This waste
material is stored in drums and removed from the site for disposal.
2. Considerable amounts of mercury were associated with various phases of
the old chlorine plant that operated until 1968. Some waste mercury was
volatilized, some was discharged directly into the River,_ and some was
disposed of in the old on-site landfill.
3. An old landfill, situated on a 35 to 50 acre tract of low wetland,
received much onsite chemical waste including mercury, until 1979 ~hen
it was sealed.
Welch Creek
The sediments within Welch Creek, a very small southern tributary to the
Roanoke River (Fig. E2), are substantially or slightly enriched in all 15 trace
elements (Table E2). Thirteen of these trace elements are substantially enriched
in multiple sample sites. Four elements have extremely high enrichments with
maximum enrichment factors as follows: er= 156 X, Hg= 73 X, Ni= 20 x, and Cu
a 9.4 X the ATM, respectively). Seven of the ten samples analyzed in Welch Creek
97
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35.95 -.------------------------,,....----------
-
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LOWER ROANOKE RIVER FLOODPLAIN
• 35.90
35.85°
76.65 •
SAMPLE LOCATIONS
Pleistocene
Highs
76.80 •
1
Pleistocene
Highs
76. 75 •
Albemarle Sound
0
Scale
MIies
1
Explanation
l!I Shortcom Location
A. Vlbmcoro Location
1 -

-

•

1' Connecting Une
N
D Swamp forest
76.70 •
2
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TABLE E2. Concentrations of 15 trace elements for all surface samples and
enrichment factors for all surface and deep samples collected in Welch
Creek. Depths of the deep samples range from 16 to 50 cm below the
sediment surface for an average depth of 38 cm. Elements with underlined
enrichment factors are substantially enriched (EF = or >2X ATM) relative
to the Albemarle trimmed mean, whereas those in bold are slightly.enriched
(EF >l.SX to <2X ATM) •
CONCENTRATIONS (µ.g/g or ppm) ENRICHMENT FACTORS
SURFACE SAMPLES DEEP SAMPLES SURFACE SAMPLES
TRACE MEAN MINIMUM MAXIMUM MEAN MAXIMUM MEAN MAXIMUM
ELEMENTS N N = 5 N = 5
WELCH CREEK
Cr 5 205. 21.8 494. 53.0 156.1 19.3 46.5
!!9. 5 2.14 0.35 5.54 31.2 72.9 15.1 12....Q
Ni 5 26.2 2.4 58.9 7.4 20. 5 6.1 13.8
Cu 5 33.6 7.1 90.4 4.9 9.4 3.1 8.4
Zn 5 116. 18.8 244. 3.3 6.2 bl 4.8
y 5 52.6 20.4 93.1 2-d 3.4 2.2 4.0
!'. 5 920. 144. 1501. ~ 3.5 2.3 3.7
Cd 5 0.44 0.15 0.84 2.3 4.0 2.0 3.8
Sn • 5 11.4 2.8 22.0 1.6 2.9 2.0 3.9
!:!Q 5 0.46 0.25 l.29 1.3 2.0 1.6 4.5
Ti 5 89.1 27.3 152. 1.5 2.4 l.2 2.0
Mn. 5 500. 85.4 945. 1.6 3.1 1.5 ~
£2 5 6.1 l.3 13.3 0.9 1.2 0.9 2.0
Pb 5 17 .1 4.3 32.4 1.0 1.6 0.8 1.5
As • 5 2.8 0.9 7.1 0.5 1.4 0.7 l.9
Ca 5 44339. 1586. 186079. 21.7 62. 7 18.9 79.5
Al 5 15060. 2776. 29688. 3.7 !l..d 3.0 .2..:..l!
Si 5 2630. 789. 5196. 2.1 4.8 1.7 3.4
Na 5 594. 64.8 1836. 1.5 1..,2 1.0 3.0
• analyses have poor reproducibility, hence somewhat low reliability •
101
had Hg concentrations of 1 ppm or higher with samples containing very high levels
of 3.3, 5.5, 9.6, and 10.3 ppm Hg. Lead and arsenic are only slightly enriched
in multiple sample sites with maximum enrichment factors as follows: Pb= 1.6 X
and AB= 1.9 X the ATM.
Four major elements (calcium, aluminum, silica, and sodium) are also
substantially enriched in the Welch Creek sediments (Table E2) with maximum
enrichment factors as follows: Ca= 79 X, Al= 8.4 X, Si= 4.8 X, and Na= 3.2
X the 'ATM. Thie is the only region where all four of these elements are enriched
and are unquestionably related to the industrial discharge.
Five sites were sampled along the axis of Welch Creek (Fig. E2). Figures
E3 and E4 display the lateral distribution of enriched elements in the surface
sediments down the axis of Welch Creek. .Two of these sites (WEL-2 and WEL-3) are
above the former discharge point and have generally lower, but highly variable
enrichment factors for most elements. Thie distribution probably reflects
movement of discharged. waters upstream during high-water flood conditions on the
Roanoke River. The two middle sites (WEL-4 and WEL-5) are downstream of the
former discharge point and have the highest levels of sediment enrichment of most
elements. Concentrations generally remain high, but with a general decrease
downstream to the inouth of the Creek (WEL-1). The deep sample at WEL-1 is
substantially enriched in most elements; however, there is generally a major
decrease in enrichment in most elements in the surface sample suggesting active
deposition and dilution from the Roanoke' River at this site during flood flow
periods.
All elements except tin, molybdenum, manganese, and arsenic are
significantly more· enriched in the deeper, subsurface sediments than in the
surface samples (Table E2). The four elements with increased enrichment in the
surface samples are only slightly so. Thie vertical distribution pattern could
result from several different factors. First, it may reflect the fact that the
Welch Creek NPDES discharge site was abandoned in 1988 and changed to the Roanoke
River. second, it could result from ongoing discharge of groundwater through the.
subsurface and into the Creek on a slow and continuous basis from "leaky" on-land
sites~ Third, the actual distribution of each element could be a function of its
chemistry and changes of bottom sediment and pore~water chemical conditions.
Lower Roanoke River
The main Roanoke River channel is the southern-most channel that flows past
Plymouth (Fig. E2). This channel receives up to the BO million gallons of waste
water discharge per day (mgpd) directly from two large paper mills, up to 7 mgpd
from various waste water treatment plants between Roanoke Rapids and Plymouth,
and up to 3 mgpd from other small industrial dischargers. Most of this waste
water is of unknown composition with respect to heavy metal concentrations.
Thirteen sites were sampled in the Lower Roanoke River (Fig. E2). Each
mud-rich sample was obtained in shallow waters along the flanks of the main
channel which is dominated by sand-rich sediments. In general, the Lower Roanoke
River has lower levels of trace element enrichment than Welch Creek. However,
nine trace elements are substantially enriched and three elements are slightly
enriched in multiple sample sites (Table E3). Three elements are enriched in all
samples with maximum enrichment factors as follows: Mn= 4.8 X, Co= 2.5 X, and
Ti·= 2.3 X the ATM. Enrichment of these three elements are probably related to
the geology of the drainage district and natural weathering processes rather than
from anthropOgenic sources. Four other elements are enriched at multiple sample
102
:.1.·· ....
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TABLE E3. Concentrations of 15 trace elements for all surface samples and
enrichment factors for all surface and deep samples collected in the Lower
Roanoke River. Depths of the deep samples range from 16 to 50 cm below
the sediment surface for an average depth of 38 cm. Elements with under-
lined enrichment factors are substantially enriched (EF = or >2X ATM)
relative to the Albemarle trimmed mean, whereas those in bold are slightly
enriched (EF >l.5X to <2X ATM).
CONCENTRATIONS (µg/g or ppm) ENRICHMENT FACTORS
SURFACE SAMPLES DEEP SAMPLES SURFACE SAMPLES
TRACE MEAN MINIMUM MAXIMUM MEAN MAXIMUM MEAN MAXIMUM
ELEMENTS N N = 13 N = 13 "'
LOWER ROANOKE RIVER
Mn 13 1088. 576. 1584. 2.5 3.2 3. 3· 4.8
Ti 13 144. 125. 174. 2.1 2.3 1.9 2.3
!!g 13 0.28 0.02 1.75 1.2 6.8 2.0 12.3
As • 13 7.6 0.9 12.9 1.4 2.5 2.0 3.4
Cr 13 16.4 11.4 39.3 1.7 4.0 1.5 3.7
Cu 13 15.9 12.3 21.9 1.5 2.3 1.5 2.0
.co 13 12.1 9.8 16.8 1.5 1.7 1.8 2.5
Zn 13 62.7 46.7 113. 1.0 2.1 1.2 2.2
y 13 30.6 28.7 36.0 1.5 2.0 1.3 1.5
Sn • 13 6.8 5.3 8.7 Ll 1.5 1.2 1.5
Ni 13 3.9 3.0 4.9 0.9 1.7 0.9 1.1
p 13 432. 147. 683. 0.7 1.0 1.1 1.7
Mo 13 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9
Pb 13 15.3 13.6 19.5 0.7 1.0 o. 7 0.9
Cd 13 0.16 0.15 0.31 0.7 0.7 o. 7 1.4
Ca 13 2122. 1405. 5202. 1.0 4.9 0.9 2.2
Al 13 5393. 3062. 5918. 1.1 1.3 1.1 1.2
Si 13 1462. 1334. 1500. 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
Na 13 61.8 39.0 110. 0. 1 0.4 0.1 0.2
• analyses have poor reproducibility, hence somewhat low reliability.
104
• •
[I
• • •
...
11
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'.
sites with maxi.mum enrichment factors as follows: Hg= 12.3 X, Cr= 4.0 X, As=
3.4 X, and Cu= 2.3 X the ATM. Mercury is substantially enriched (up to 12.3 X
ATM) in two samples at one site (RKE-13) off the mouth of Canaby Creek, along
with. arsenic, cobalt, chromium, copper, manganese, tin, titanium, and zinc.
Since all other Roanoke River samples, except RKE-9 near the present industrial
site, h_ave very low concentrations of mercury, it is assumed that there could be
a major source of metal contamination up Canaby Creek. This Creek should be
sampled· and analyzed for heavy metals •
. ·Chromium and copper are slightly to substantially enriched (up to 4.0 X and
2.3 X ATM, respectively) in eight and 14 Lower Roanoke River samples,
respectively. All copper enrichment occurs downstream of the paper mill's new
NPDES discharge site. Cobalt is substantially enriched in Welch Creek and is
only slightly enriched in the Roanoke River in 21 of the 26 samples .. Arsenic is
not enriched in Welch Creek except for the surface sample at the mouth of the
Creek; however, it is slightly to substantially enriched in 17 samples in the
Roanoke River downstream of the paper mill discharge.
It appears that there are significant amounts of various trace elements
within the sediments of the Lower Roanoke River system. However, the general
concentrations are lower than in Welch Creek and the distribution patterns of
these trace elements are somewhat irregular. ·The Roanoke River is dominated by
rapidly fluctuating flow cOnditions and resulting processes of sedimentation that
range from low energy during low flow conditions to high energy during high flow
conditions. These environmental variations would cause major changes in
processes of sediment deposition and erosion within the Roanoke River channel and
could explain the erratic distribution patterns.
Middle and Cashie Rivers
Middle and Cashie Rivers are distributary channels of the Lower Roanoke
River that are situated north of the main channel (Fig. E2). The Caahie River
has its own tributary drainage, however, it is connected to the Roanoke River by
the Thoroughfare Channel.
Chemical data for surface samples at three sites in the Middle River and
two sites in the outermost Cashie River are summarized in Table E4. Manganese
and titanium are enriched in all samples (up to 4.2 X and 1.9 X ATM,
respectively), while arsenic and cobalt are enriched in eight and seven of the
ten samples (up to 2.8 X and 2.0 X ATM, respectively). Chromium and vanadium are
variably enriched at both sites in the Caahie River (up to 1.7 X and 1.5 X ATM,
respectively).
, Ipner Albemarle Sound Area
Inner Albemarle Sound extends from the mouth pf the Lower Roanoke River
with broad floodplain awampforeata to the west to the embayed Chowan Ri,ver
estuary to the north, and eastward to the western aides of the Yeopim River on
the north and Bull Bay on the south (Fig. ES). Inner Albemarle Sound is
relatively narrow, about Smiles wide, compared to the middle and outer portions
further to the east, which are between 10 to 15 miles wide. Both the Roanoke and
Chowan River Drainage Basins (Fig. Bl) discharge directly into Inner Albemarle
Sound, which is an irregularly· flooded, fresh water, drowned-riV"er estuarine
system (Fig. Dl). Three water bodies are described within this area and include
the Chowan River and Edenton Bay embayed estuaries, as well as Inner Albemarle
105
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Ref. 21
IGround-Water Regions
lof the United States
I
United States
Geological
Survey
Water-Supply
Paper 2242
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10. ATLANTIC AND GULF COASTAL PLAIN
(Complexly inlerbedded sand, sill, and clay)
The Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain region is an
area of about 844.000 km' extending from Cape Cod.
Mass .. on the north to the Rio Grande in Texas on the
south. This region does not include Florida and parts of the adjacent States: although those areas are a part of the
Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain physiographic province.
they together form a separate ground-water region. (See
region 11. "Southeast Coastal Plain.")
The Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain region ranges
in width from a few kilometers near its northern end to
nearly a thousand kilometers in the vicinity of the M issis-
sippi River. The great width near the Mississippi reflects
the effect of a major downwarped zone in the Earth's
crust that extends from the Gulf of Mexico to about the
confluence of the Mississippi and Ohio Rivers (fig. 29).
This area is referred to as the Mississippi embayment.
The topography of the region ranges from exten-
sive. flat. coastal swamps and marshes I to 2 m above sea
level lo rolling uplands, I 00 to 250 m above sea level. along the inner margin of the region.
The region is underlain by unconsolidated sedi-
ments that consist principally of sand. silt. and clay transported by streams from the adjoining uplands.
These sediments, which range in age from .Jurassic to the
present. range in thickness from less than a meter near the inner edge of the region to more than 12.000 min south-
ern Louisiana. The greatest thicknesses are along the
seav.1ard edge of the region and along the axis of the
Mississippi cmbayment. The sedimerits were deposited
on floodplains and as deltas \Vhcre streams reached the
coast and. during different invasions of the region by the sea. were reworked by waves and ocean currents. Thus.
the sediments are complexly interbeddcd to the extent
that most of the named geologic units into which they have been divided contain layers of the different types of sediment that underlie the region. These named geologic
units (or formations) dip toward the coast or toward the
axis of the Mississippi embayment, with the result that
those that crop out at the surface form a series of bands
roughly parallel to the coast or to the axis of the embay-
menl (fig. 41 ). The oldest formations crop oul along the inner margin of the region. and the youngest crop out in
the coastal area.
\Vithin any formation the coarsest grained mate-
rials (sand, at places intcrhcdded with thin gravel layers)
tend to be most abundant near source areas. Clay and silt
layers' become thicker and more numerous downdip (fig.
41).
Although sand, silt. and clay. as noted above. are
the principal types of material underlying the Atlantic
and Gulf Coastal Plain, there are also a small amount of I 52 Ground-Water Reg;ons of the un;ted States
gravel interbedded with the sand, a few beds composed of
mollusk shells. and a small amount of limestone present
in the region. The most important limestone is the semi-
consolidated Castle Hayne Limestone of Eocene age
which underlies an area of about 26,000 km2 in eastern
North Carolina, is more than 200 m thick in much of the
area, and is the most productive aquifer in North Caro-
lina. A soft. clayey limestone (the chalk of the Selma
Group) of Late Cretaceous age underlies parts of eastern
Mississippi and western Alabama. but instead of being an
aquifer it is an important confining bed.
From the standpoint of well yields and ground-
water use. the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain is one of
the most important regions in the country. Recharge to
the ground-water system occurs in the interstream areas,
both where sand layers crop out and by percolation
downward across the interbedded clay and silt layers.
Discharge from the system occurs by seepage to streams,
estuaries. and the ocean. Movement of water from
recharge areas to discharge areas is controlled. as in all
ground-water systems, by hydraulic gradients, but in this
region the pattern of movement is complicated by down-
dip thickening of clay which hampers upward discharge.
As a result, movement down the dip of the permeable
layers becomes increasingly slow with increasing distance
from the outcrop area$. This causes many flow lines to
converge on the discharge areas located on major streams
near the downdip part of outcrop areas. These areas of
concentrated ground-water discharge are referred to a_s
"artesian-water gaps" by LeGrand and Pellyjohn ( 198 I).
Figure 42 illustrates the effect of an artesian-water gap on
heads and flow lines in an ideal situation.
Wells that yield moderate to large quantities of
water can be constructed almost anywhere in the region.
Because most of the aquifers consist of unconsolidated
sand, wells require screens; where the sand is fine-grained
and well sorted, the common practice is to surround the
screens with a coarse sand or gravel envelope.
Withdrmvals near the outcrop areas of aquifers are
rather quickly balanced by increases in recharge and (or)
reductions in natural discharge. Withdrawals at signifi-
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, . ''-.._...._ Parallel outcrop belt
-~;:~:: ', '~ ~ '-,-~ ~-~ ~ . : ~: --------,,, .. ,,-~~.,...::.__:
---._ ' ,.
~
'. \. ' -. -.
I,.· :'. '7• _j Fresh water lflll( Salty water •
Figure 41. Topographic and geologic features of the Gulf Coastal Pla·in.
Major str
Outcrop area
2
f'\d s·1\t~ . . . bed tcla'i a ~T•":~;-:;,• conhn1n9 . •·:; -... _...:~·-·· •'"
PLAN VIEW DIAGRAM
Figure 42. Conceritration of ground-water discharge near the downdip part of outcrop areas.
cant distances downdip do not appreciabiy affect condi-
tions in the outcrop area and thus must be partly or
largely supplied from water in storage in the aquifers and
confining beds.
The reduction of storage in an aquifer in the vicin-
ity of a pumping well is reflected in a decline in ground-
water levels and is necessary in order to establish a
hydraulic gradient toward the well. If withdrawals are
continued for long periods in areas underlain by thick
sequences of unconsolidated deposits, such as the Atlan-
tic and Gulf Coastal Plain. the lowered ground-water
levels in the aquifer may result in drainage of water from
layers of silt and clay. The depletion of storage in fine-
grained beds results in subsidence of the land surface.
Subsidence in parts of the Houston area totaled about 9
mas of 1978. Subsidence near pumping centers in the
Atlantic Coastal Plain has not yet been confirmed but is
believed to be occurring. though at a slower rate than
along the Texas Gulf Coast.
The depletion of storage in confining beds is per-
manent, and subsidence of the land surface that results
from such depletion is also permanent. On the other
Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain 53
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Ref 22
. . . . . . . .-· ·, ~: ..• ·._.:·.•· .. ·•.:.·~:-~~,.-: . .-'c•~--·. ·:.--:~----: ... • ...• ·.·.···::·.~~::.··., -,7 .. c'-·_ .. _;· ... J:: .. 7_:,_ .. ·,~-•-r:;-.i -~: -·
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-,:··<1r~ijf;·r:-/ :.-
GEOi..OG1C/-.\.i' .. SURVEY
!NVEST1GAT!Of\lS
Prepcrcci in cooperation with the
Non:. Carolina Department of Natural
R(esour(es and Co;;-irnunity Developme:-it
-
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dop puo 1::-:•d··J]---~ spuos 1D!J!11n5 -.-:!-.-~:-_ ~ ,_
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Rock Unrts and Aquifers
in the Coastal Flarn
The Coastal Plain of North Carolina is
underlain by sedimentary rocks that v1ere
deposited in water in several different layers
which geologists refer to as formations.
Formations are commonly given names for
places near which they are exposed at the land
surface, for ease in re'.erring to them in
·geologic literature.
Rock layers are normally given names by
geo:ogists if they have a distinct composition
or, if of variable composition, include materials
deposited during a particular segment of
geologic time. Named rock units may or may
not coincide with hydrologic units so that in
ground-water reports some aquifers may be
referred to by the formal geologic names used
by geologists, such as the Castfe Hayne
Limestone and Yorkio1,,•.,n ·Formation, and
others may be given more informal n2mes,
such as the "Upper aquifer", "Surficial aquifer"
or "post-Miocene deposits." The name
"Surficial aquifer" indicates the aquifer in any·
area that is closest to !2nd surface and thus is
clearly identifiable, regardless of any other
. names that may have been assigned to that
rock unit.
Nnn-geologists concerned both with ground-
water problems and with ground-v12ter studies
in the Coastal Plain are probably con-
Geologic Formation or geologic
ae:e n2JDe
Pleistocene Pleistocene deposits
Cro2.t2.n Formation
.?liocene Y OI'k to~,'n Formation
I·,iocene Pungo River Formation
Belc;~ede 2o.r-mation
Oligoce!:e River Bend Formation
Eocene Castle H2.yne Limestone
Paleocene Be2ufo~t Formation
0 • ~ eee:ee For;nation
C:-et2.csous Bl2cV. Creek Formc.ticn
11 Tusca.loosa 11 For:r12. ti oil
fused by the different named applied to the
different hyC:rologic units. The following chart
was prepared in an effort to elimina_te some of
this confusion. We should note, however, that in
preparing. the chart we have neither tried to
include all formation names nor been overly
concerned with the relative geologic age of the
formations. The names used in the last t•No
columns can be confusing to the extent that al/
units are referred to as "aquifers." Confinina
beds composed of clay occur' in all of the
formations 2nd in the formations of Cretaceous
age clay comprises about half of the tot2I
thickness.
The two most important aquifers in the
Coast2I Plain are the upper aquifer and the
limestone aquifer. Recharge of the ground-
water system is from precipita,ion on the land
surfar,e. Therefore, the surficial aquifer has the
largest yield in terms of rate per unit area (ior
example, gallons per minute per" square mile).
The upper aquifer is also most subject to
pollution from land-surface waste disposal. The
limestone aquifer is the most productive aquifer
in Norlh Carolina in terms of yields of individuz!
wells. Wells capable of yielding more than 1000
gal/rnin can readily be developed in this
aquifer.
l~2mes used in some Sirnpliest useful
2:round-· .... ·2. ter reoorts hydr'ologic n2mes
Post-Miocene
deposits
Upper aquifer
Yorkto,;;i
2quifer
C2.stle Hayne c.quife!' I Li:nestone 2.quife:-'
Bec.ufort cq ~ifer
' Lor,...rer aquifer Cretaceous aquifer
22
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The complex interlaying· of the ·sediments·
under!ying the Co2s~2! Pl2in is sho1nn in the
follov,ring cross S8Ction. It will also be observed
from the cross section.ih2.t lhe rock !2yers (2.nd-
formctions) underlying the Coastal Pl2in dip
towud ,he coast 21 a rate of about 15 ft./mi. As a
result, each forma,ion occurs at a greater depth
belov,, 12nd surface tow2rd the coast. ·
QSill
0 10 20 '-'1L!;S f-~~_-,-,
0 10 20 !O.<.IL0µ[1[RS -••oc
23
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Gl·cc:11d-Viater Situation
in the Coastal Pla1n
·. Stream
Recharge a re a
. • nn~n~ ·__:_:_ ·. 0:,___· __ . __ ·yoRKTOWN -. AQUIFER
--, ~A--r
,CASTLE KAYNE AQUIFER
j:-:_:.>·J Sand I-I Clay
Recharge of the ground-water system in the
Co2st2I Plain occurs in the "upland" areas
above the f'.ood -plains of perennial streams.
1/./a!sr reaching the saturated zone moves
dov.-n'>\'ard and laterally through the system to
dischsrge areas.
Grounc-weter discharge occurs by seepage
through the bottoms and sides of streams and
drainage ditches and also through evaporation
from the top of the capillary fringe in
flood plains and other areas in which the water
teb!e is v:ithin several feet of the land surface
During the growing season, ground water is
aiso us_ed by plants whose roots reach the
capillary fringe or saturated zone. In the area
adjacent to the coast, ground-water also
d'rscharges by seepage into the sides and
b,ittoms of estuaries and the ocea,1.
Tr,e presence of clay layers in the Coastal
P!ain for:nations hampers recharge to the
deer::-er c.::_uifers, so that most of the recharge
tends to n1ove I2.leral!y to discharge arees
through the shcllowest aquifers. Recharge to
p;;-;:;-i l22..::J Shells ~ Limestan€:
the deepest aquifers occurs only in the central
part of the interstream recharge areas. This is
an important point relative lo v,1aste disposal, in
that if pollution of the deeper aquifers is to be
avoided, waste disposal sites should be located
as close as possible to perennial streams.
Prior to the construction of drainage ditches
into the central part of the interstream areas.
the w2ter table reached the land surface in
these areas during the fa!/, winter, and early
,spring recharge season. As a resu!t, water was
ponded on the suriace for periods of several
months each year in high-level swamps
referred to as pocosins.
Two region·aI aspects of the Coastal Plain are
of primary importance from the st2.ndpoint o:
ground-,•,1ater occurrence and availability. The
first is the nature of the surficial materials,
which controls the recharge to the ground-
water system. The second is the geologic-con-
ditions th2t control the occurrence of aqui\ers
and co:-1fining beds.
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---·-·--------·· -·--·····------
HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY AND TRANSMISSIVITY VALUES
FOR TYPICAL NORTH CAROLINA ROCKS AND AQUIFERS
Hydraulic Conductlv//y of Selected Rocks
Material
Coarse sand ...................... . Medium sand ..................... . Silt ............................... . Clay .............................. . Limestone (Castle Hayne) ......... . Saprolite .......................... . Granite and gneiss ................ . Slate •.............................
Hydraulic conductivity {rounded values) (fl/day) {(gal/day)/fl'] (melera/day)
200
130
1
0.001
300
5
5
3
1500
1000
5
0.01
2000
50
50
25
60
40
0.2
0.0004
80
2
2
1
'/-.CY:, X
1-,6"<) X
3.53 Y
3,53 X
I . Ol. X
Hydraulic conductivity replaces the term "field coefficient of permeability" and should be used when referring to the water-transmitting characteristic of material in quantitative terms. It is still permissible to refer in qualitative terms to "permeable" and "impermeable" material.
Average Values of Hydraulic Conductivity, Thickness, and Transmlss/vlty for Selected Aquifers In North Carolina
Hydreultc Conducllvl!y Thlckneu Transmhslvlty ···· Aquifer C.,,_ /..,EC.. (ft./dcy) (ft.) (fll.fd11y)
Post-Yorhtown deposits I . 'l-;t
-z_
50 20 1000 )i. fO -1.. Yorktown Formation I,', X /(.) 50 40 2000 -1 Castle Hayne Limestone I ,Db " fO 300 100 30000 Cretaceous deposits +.Ob X fb-3 20 200 4000 -'3 Saprolite I, 1'1 'I '0 5 50 250 Granite and gneiss -3 5 200 1000 /,t'IX.ID
Transmissivity re places the term "coefficient of transmissibility" because, by convention, an aquifer · is transmissive and the water in it is transmissible.
(from Heath, R.· C., 1980, Basic elements of ground-water hydrology with reference to conditions in North Carolina; U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 80-44)
:: C.,M
C, Q
N FT -4 3 5 3 X •G N
l!!!!I liiiii liiii ---
----':.· '.
1985
Scale 1:500,000
1 inch equals approximately 8 miles
- - - -
l!!!!!!!!I
(
40 Miles _-,
l!!!!!!!!!!I l!!!!!I )
1!1111111
'
1d I Ouaternarv surficial
ntc-) are inferr(;,>d where
,rnlhosed argillite. mud-
:inc olcanic rock ·
;ih ad dacitic to rhyolitic
nterbedded with mafic and
!ite,nd metamudstone
Mc T!orphosed andesitic
:er,, ninor felsic and rnafic
;;h,.,d basaltic flows and
1itl )lsi_c and intermediate
1!ST -Garnet, andalusite.
-,llding plane and axial-
!th metasandstone, mcta-
oy.,; includes phyllonite.
ne 1o!canic rock
dill t.o dark gray, pheno-
:; c 1monly with calcite or
I
265-325rny; 11,27,1,29)-
llington. Medoc Mountc1in.
1 (?lwusives
PE .sylvanian to Permian,
ranular. Butterwood Creek
ulild to massive
E -Foliated to massive
JSeUdunite and peridotite;
ultramafic rock. Only larger
i.oftozoic to late Cambrian
iatt locally contains horn~
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. ; ' . ~ !' -..
. ,, .. · ,· ,.\ ·,.~ :. . .-• -, . .,, . -;· ....... ·; .;· , .-_; ·:·. --,~~:,
COASTAL•PLA_l~t-'. -.
, ., ... \:,.;, .. ··, ·;::r·-
._ QUATERNARY;,; ~
,•<';}.:. __ ... • .
SUHFICIAL DEPOSITS; UNDIVIDED --·sand, clay, gravel. and peat depo-
sited in marine,·f1u·vial, 8olia11, and lacusti-ir1e environments. Quaternary
deposits not ·shown at 31titudes greater than approximatelY 25 feet·
above mean sea level (Suffolk Scarp, in part)
TERTIARY
/ Tp / PINEHURST FORMATION -Sand, medium-to coarse-grained, cross-
bedding and rhythmic bands of clayey sand common. unconsolidated
/;" ;ft;% W/ TERRACE DEPOSITS ANO UPLAND SEDIMENT -Gravel. clayey sand,
and sand, minor iron-oxide cerr_,ented sandstone
WACCAMAW FORMATION -Fossiliferous sand with silt and clay,
bluish-gray to tan, loosely consolidated. Straddles Pleistocene-
Pliocene boundary
Tpy YORKTOWN FORMATION AND DUPLIN FORMATION, UNOIVIDED
Yorktown Formation: Fossiliferous clay with varying amounts of fine-
grained sand, bluish gray, shell material commonly concentrated in
lenses; mainly in area north of Neuse River
Duplin Formation: Shelly, medium-to coarse-grained sand, sandy marl,
and limestone, bluish gray; mainly in area south of Neuse River
i~'II BELGRAOE FORMATION, UNDIVIDED
Pollocksville Member: Oyster-shell mounds in tan to orange sand
matrix, indurated locally
Tee
Haywood Landing Member: Fossiliferous clayey sand. gray to brown.
Members grade into each other laterally
RIVER BEND FORMATION -Limestone. calcarenite overlain by and.
intercalated with indurated, sandy, molluscan-mold limestone
CASTLE HAYNE FORMATION
?
Spring Garden Member: Molluscan-mold limestone, indurated, very
sandy. Grades downward into a calcareous sand and laterally into
Comfort Member
Comfort Member and New Hanover Member, undivided
Comfort Member: Bryozoan-echinoid skeletal limestone, locally
dolomitized, solution cavities common
New Hanover Member: Phosphate-pebble conglomerate. micritic,
thin; restricted to basal part of Castle Hayne Formation in southeast-
ern counties
k:i~P.~?;\~ BEAUFORT FORMATION, UNOIVIDED
Unnamed upper member: Sand and silty clay, gluuconitic, fossiliferous,
and locally calcareous
Kb.
Jericho Run Member: Siliceous mudstone with sandstone lenses. thin
bedded; basal phosphatic pebble conglomerate
CRETA_CEOUS
PEEDEE FORMATION -Sand, clayey sand, and clay, greenish gray to
olive black. massive, glauconit1c, locally fossiliferous and calcareous.
Patches of sandy molluscan-mold limestone in upper part
BLACK CREEK FORMATION -Clay, gray to black. lignitic; contains thin
beds and laminae of fine-grained micaceous sand and thick ICnSes of
cross-bedded sand. Glauconitic, fossiliferous clayey sand lenses in
upper part
MIDDENDORF FORMATION-Sand, sandstone. and mudstone, gray to
· pale gray with an orange cast. mottled; clay balls and iron-cemented
concretions common, beds laterally discontinous. cross-bedding
common
CAPE FEAR FORMATION -·Sandstone and sandy mudstone. yel!owrsh
gray to bluish gray, mottled red to yellowish ornnge, indurated, graded
and laterally continuous bedding, blocky clay, faint cross-bedding, fe!c!-
spar and mica common
., ,, 1. Aldri,
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2.Bart
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. 3. Blac
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4. Butl
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5. BuU
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6. Del,
' 7. Dru
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8. Fan
9. Ful;
10. Ful
t 1. Ful
12. Fu
13. Fu
i4.Fu
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Ref. 24
NORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTMENT OF CONSERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT
WILLIAM P. SAUNDERS, Director
Division of Mineral Resources
JASPER L. STUCKEY, State Geologist
Bulletin Number 73
GEOLOGY AND GROUND-WATER RESOURCES
IN THE
GREENVILLE AREA, NORTH CAROLINA
\
By
PHILIP M. BROWN
Geologist, Geological Survey
United States Department of the Interior
PREPARED COOPERATIVELY BY THE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
1959
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Martin County
(Arca 481 square miles, population 27,938)
Marlin County, elongated in an east-west direc-
tion, lies approximately in the geographical center of
the Greenville area. The county is bounded by Pitt,
Bertie, Washington, Beaufort, Edgecombe, and Hali-
fax Counties. Williamston, the county seat and
largest town in the county, is located on the banks
of the Roanoke River, which forms the northern
boundary of the county. Other population centers in-
clude Bear Grass, Hamilton, Jamesville, Oak City,
and Robersonville.
The entire county is drained by the Roanoke River
and several of its small tributaries. A high escarp-
ment broken by numerous low swampy areas extends
along the Roanoke River for most of its length.
The county is largely agricultural, tobacco being
the chief crop. A large pulp mill and a chemical
manufacturing plant are the major industries in the
county.
Gcology.-Surficial clay, sand, and gravel of Quat-
ernary age occur as a thin layer over the entire coun-
ty. Along the Roanoke River and its tributaries this
material is as much as 40 feet thick; in the inter-
stream areas it is rarely more than 15 feet thick.
The surficial deposits are underlain by the York-
town formation of late Miocene age, which consists
of blue clay, marl, and sand. The Yorktown formation
is exposed intermittently along the Roanoke River,
where the stream has cut down through overlying
material, and is exposed in many shallow marl pits
in the interstream areas. The formation is common-
ly less than 80 to 100 feet thick throughout the
county.
The Castle Hayne limestone of Eocene age under-
lies the Yorktown formation in the eastern part of
Martin County. Wells east of Jamesville and Smith-
wick obtain water from the Castle Hayne limestone
formation which in this part of the Greenville area
consists of a very hard shell-limestone. Wells at
Williamston and Bear Grass do not encounter the
formation, indicating that the formation pinches out
along a line west of Jamesville and Smithwick. Total
thickness of the formation in the county is unknown.
Glauconitic sands and shell beds of the Beaufort
formation of Paleocene age underlie the eastern and
central thirds of the county. The formation, confin-
ed to the subsurface, has not been recognized west
of Williamston and Bear Grass. Total thickness of
this unit in a well at Williamston was 27 feet, where
the top of the unit was 59 feet below sea level. Its
70
total thickness and its depth below sea level would
be expected to increase in an easterly direction.
The Upper Cretaceous Pedee and Black Creek for-
mations, composed of dark-colored lenticular sands
and clays, underlie. the central and eastern sections
of Martin County. The western extent of these for-
mations has not been determined. It is probable that
marine sediments of these two formations interfinger
with deltaic sediments of comparable age in the west-
ern part of the county. The Peedee formation at
Williamston is 129 feet thick and the top of the for-
mation is 86 feet below sea level. The Black Creek
formation is 259 feet thick at Williamston.
The basal Upper Cretaceous unit, the Tuscaloosa
formation, underlies the Peedee and Black Creek for-
mations in the eastern and central parts of Martin
County. In western Martin County this formation
lies unconformably beneath Paleocene and Miocene
sediments. The Tuscaloosa formation, composed of
light-colored lenticular clays and arkosic sands, lies
within 40 to 50 feet of the land surface in the west-
ern part of the county and is buried progressively
deeper in an easterly direction. Estimated thickness
of the formation in the eastern part of the county is
about 400 feet.
Sediments of Early Cretaceous age probably un-
derlie the Tuscaloosa formation in the eastern and
central parts of Martin County, whereas in the
western part of the county the formation is underlain
by crystalline rocks.
Ground water.-All public and private water sup-
plies in Martin County are obtained from wells. Mar-
tin County is favorably situated as to ground-watci·
supply. Several millions of gallons per day of ground
water may be obtained at any one place in the coun-
ty. Larg-diameter gravel-wall wells will yield as
much as 1,000 gpm in most localities.
Surficial sands and gravels of Quaternary age and
near-surface sand and shell beds of the Yorktown
formation yield 2 to 10 gpm. Rural supplies in the
county are obtained largely from dug or driven wells
that tap the aquifers of Miocene or Quaternary age.
Small-diameter jetted wells in eastern and central
Martin County draw water from sand lenses and
shell beds of Miocene age, limestone of Eocene age,
and greensand of Paleocene age at depths ranging
from 60 to 200 feet. These wells, either open-end or
single-screen, yield as much as 50 gpm. Jetted wells
in western Martin County obtain water from sand
lenses and shell beds of Miocene age and from sands
of Cretaceous age. These wells, generally less than
400 feet deep, yield from 10 to 300 gpm.
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-_·:-.'. GEOLOGr'-;AND ''GROUND-WATER
... ·. '.. -. '
i.,,-.,. ,, t~/•;':!;.1,,:r1 t-"1,:RESOURCES
Division of Ground Water
GROUND-WATER BULLETIN NUMBER 4
. -.
NORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTMENT OF WATER RESOURCES
\
RALEIGH·
1964
·:.·
Collection of
G. C. Nicho Ison
j •·
,,JJ .,
·-;"'!.:
. .... ' .. -~i
.-,.
GEOLOGY AND GROUND-WATER
RESOURCES
of the
SWANQUARTER AREA, NORTH CAROLINA
BY PERRY F. NELSON
GROUND-WATER BULLETIN NUMBER 4
NORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTMENT OF WATER RESOURCES
w ALTER E. FULLER, Director
DIVISION OF GROUND WATER
HARRY M. PEEK, Chief
RALEIGH
1964
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WASHINGTON COUNTY
Area 336 Square Miles Population 13,488 (1960)
Washington County is bounded on the north by Albemarle Sound, on the east by Tyrrell County, on the south by Hyde and Beaufort Counties, and on the west by Martin· County. The county occupies a part of the low, flat plain of the Pamlico ter-race, with the exception of the western border which is under-lain by an older marine terrace and is slightly higher in eleva-tion than the rest of the county.
Principal Aquifers
Washington County is underlain by a thick section of sedi-mentary deposits ranging in age from Cretaceous to Recent, and consisting mainly of sand, clay, marl and limestone. Only the formations of Eocene age and younger are consid_ered to be sources of fresh water supply in the county, as the depth of the older formations and the relatively high mineral content of the water preclude their use as sources of supply. The beds of sand and marl of Paleocene age that underlie the Eocene rocks in Washington County may constitute a source of fresh water sup-ply in the southwestern part of the county. However, ·data con-cerning the geologic and hydrologic nature of the formation and the quality of the water contained are not adequate to determine the potential of the formation as an aquifer. A cross section of the formations generally penetrated by water wells in the county is shown in figure 20.
The Castle Hayne aquifer is highly productive and the prin-cipal source of water supply in western Washington County. The aquifer consists predominantly of porous and permeable limestone and lies at a depth ranging from about 120 feet in the western part of the county to 400 feet in the eastern part (fig. 20). Yields of several hundred gpm are obtained from wells of four to eight inches in diameter that penetrate only 15 to 30 feet of the aquifer. Considerably higher yields can probably be obtained from wells that penetrate a greater thickness of the formation.
The Yorktown aquifer, comprising all the confined water-bearing beds above the Castle Hayne aquifer, has been devel-oped extensively as sources of domestic water suppiy in the county, and is the chief source of supply in the eastern part
53
... • .. -. . .;-.
where it is about 300 to 350 feet thick. In this area, the aquifer
offers a shallower and less highly mineralized source of water
supply than the Castle Hayne aquifer. Yields from individual
wells range from 5 to 60 gallons per minute. A 6-inch well, 135
feet deep at State Prison Unit 019, was pumped at a rate of
60 gallons per minute for 12 hours with 7 feet of drawdown,
indicating a specific capacity of 8.5 gallons per minute per foot
of drawdown. In the western part of the county, the phosphatic
sands in the lower part of the aquifer should provide moderate
yields to wells completed at depths of 150 to 200 feet.
The non-artesian aquifer yields water to numerous dug or
driven wells throughout the county. Wells completed in this
aquifer range from 10 to 30 feet in depth and yield from 3 to 20
gallons per minute. Most wells in this aquifer are now being
used as supplemental rather than a primary source of supply.
Water Levels
Water levels in the Castle Hayne and Yorktown aquifers are
everywhere within 10 feet of the land surface. Figure 7 shows
the configuration of the piezometric surface of the Castle Hayne
aquifer in Washington County. In low areas, particularly in the
northwestern part of the county, where the elevation of the
land surface is less than that of the piezometric surface, flow-
ing wells occur.
The water table, or upper surface of the non-artesian aquifer,
is within a few feet of the land surface. The water table re-
sponds rapidly to local variations in the amount and distribu-
tion of precipitation, and may during periods of drought fall
below the bottom of some shallow wells. The hydrographs in
figure 21 show water level variations in selected wells in the
county during 1962.
Water Quality
Ground water in Washington County, although not of uniform
quality, is satisfactory for most domestic uses. Water from the
Castle Hayne limestone is characteristically hard, may be locally
high in iron and may contain objectionable amounts of hydrogen
sulfide. The chloride content of water in the Castle Hayne
ranges from 10 parts per million in the southern and southwest-
ern part of the county to 750 parts per million in the Creswell
56
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Ref 26
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Ground water is a vital natural resource in North Caroli-
na. Ground water supplies more than 3.2 million people,or
about 55 percent of the State's total population. Its economic
significance is substantial, particularly in the Coastal Plain
province (fig. 1), where high-yielding aquifers supply most
municipalities, industries, rural areas, and livestock. In the
Piedmont and Blue Ridge provinces, ground. water serves
slightly more than one-half of the 4 million residents (Mann,
1978). Besides withdrawals for public supply, the largest
ground-water withdrawals in the State are for mining and
quarrying operations and process water for a number of textile
and chemical industrie.S:. Withdrawals for irrigation represent
a small, but increasing, percentage of total ground-water use,
particularly in the Coastal Plain. Ground-water withdrawals
for various uses and other related statistics are given in table I.
GENERAL SETTING
North Carolina is located in three physiographic prov-
inces-the Coastal Plain, Piedmont, and Blue Ridge (fig. I).
The Coastal Plain aquifers generally are unconsolidated and
consist of beds of sand, gravel, and limestone separated by
clay or clayey layers and lenses. These strata dip and thicken
southeastward and together comprise a wedge lying on crystal-
line bedrock (fig. I). The Piedmont and Blue Ridge provinces
are, for the most part, underlain by massive crystalline and
metamorphic rocks that are covered nearly everywhere by a
clayey or sandy regolith consisting of weathered parent rock
material and alluvium.
Recharge to the ground-water system in North Carolina is
derived from precipitation that I'anges from about 44 to 54
inches (in.) in the Piedmont and Coastal Plain provinces and
from about 40 to 80 in. in the Blue Ridge province (Eder and
others, 1983). The amount of precipitation that recharges the
ground-water system averages about 20 percent of annual
precipitation (Winner and Simmons, 1977; Daniel and Sharp-
less, 1983). Most ground-water recharge moves through shal-
low aquifers and discharges to streams; only a: small part (less
than I in. in the Coastal Plain) recharges deeper aquifers.
PRINCIPAL AQUIFERS
The principal aquifers in North Carolina are the surficial,
the Yorktown, the Castle Hayne, and the Cretaceous located
in the Coastal Plain and the crystalline rock aquifer located in
the Piedmont and Blue Ridge provinces. These aquifers are
described below and in table 2; their areal distribution is
shown in figure I.
SURFICIAL AQUIFER
The surficial aquifer is a near-surface deposit of either
marine-terrace sand and clay, or sand dunes. It is a principal
aquifer in three areas where it is commonly more than 50 feet
(ft) thick-the Sand Hills in the southwestern Coastal Plain,
the narrow coastal strip of barrier islands called the Outer
Banks, and the eastern one-half of the mainland north of
Pamlico Sound (fig. 1). In the Sand Hills, where the aquifer
may be more than 250 ft thick, it serves as a source for public
supplies and irrigation for numerous golf courses (North
Carolina Department of Natural Resources and Community
Development, 1979). Water from this aquifer in the Sand
National Water Summary-North Carolina 329
Table 1. Ground-water facts for North Carolina
[Withdrawal data rounded to two significant figures and may not add
to IOtals because of independent rounding. Mgal/d = million
gallons per day; gal/d = gallons per day. Source: Solley, Chase,
and Mann, 1983]
Population served by ground water, 1980
Number (thousands)-- - --- -
Percentage of total population - -
From public water-supply systems:
Number (thousands) - - - - -
Percentage of total population-From rural self-supplied systems:
Number (thousands) - - - - -
Percentage of total population-
Freshwater withdrawals, 1980
Surface water and ground water, total (Mgal/d) -
Ground water only (Mgal/d) -- - - - - - - -
Percentageoftotal-- --- - - - - - - -
Percentage of total excluding withdrawals for
thermoelectric power •-- - - - - - -
Category of use
Public-supply withdrawals:
Ground water (Mgal/d)-- - - -
Percentage of total ground water-
Percentage of total public supply -
Per capita (gal/d) - - - -
Rural-supply withdrawals:
Domes1ic:
Ground water (Mgal/d)-
Percentage of total ground water -
Percentage of total rural domestic
Per capita (gal/d) - - - - - - -
Livestock:
Ground water(Mgal/d)---- -
Percentage of total ground water -
Percentage of total livestock - -
Industrial self-supplied withdrawals:
Ground water (Mgal/d)-- - - -
Percentage of total ground water -
Percentage of total industrial self-supplied:
Including withdrawals for thermoelectric power
Excluding withdrawals for thermoelectric power
Irrigation withdrawals:
Ground water (Mgal/d)-- - - -
Percentage of total ground water-
Percentage of IOtal irrigation - -
3,234
55
474
• 8
2,760
47
8,100
770
IO
20
70
. 9
12
148
140
18
100
51
33
• 4
85
490
64
6
17
39
5
30
Hills area has dissolved-solids concentrations less than 25
milligrams per liter (mg/L) and hardness less than IO mg/Las
calcium carbonate; the pH commonly is below 6, making it
corrosive. Sands that form the Outer Banks are the only
source of freshwater along much of the northeastern coast.
The freshwater in these sands often has a dissolved-solids
concentration of 500 mg/Land hardness of about 200 mg/L
as calcium carbonate. On the mainland north of Pamlico
Sound, the surficial aquifer ranges from 50 to 200 ft thick and
may yield as much as I million gallons per day (Mgal/d) to
single wells or small well fields. Here, water from the aquifer
usually has dissolved-solids concentrations of less than 200
mg/Land hardness of less than 100 mg/Las calcium carbon-
ate; the pH, however, may be as low as 5, which renders the
.-,
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330 National Water Summary.....:.Ground-Water Resources
Table 2. Aquifer and well characteristics in North Carolina
(Ft = feet; gal/min = gallons per minute; mg/L = milligrams per liter. Sources: Reports of the U. S. Geological Survey and the North Carolina
Depanment of Natural Resources and Community Development}
Well characteristics
Aquifer name and description Depth (ft) Yield (gal/min) Remarks
Common May Common May
range exceed range exceed
Surficial aquifer: Sand, silt,
clay, and gravel. Generally
unconfined or partially
confined.
Yorktown aquifer: Sands and
clay. Partially confined or
confined.
Castle Hayne aquifer: Limestone,
sandy limestone, and sand.
Generally confined.
Cretaceous aquifer: Sand, clayey
sand, and clay. Confined.
Crystalline rock aquifer:
Crystalline igneous,
metasedimentary and metavolcanic
rock. Semiconfined to confined.
40-65 175
50-150 190
70-200 400
100-600 800
75 -200 300
water corrosive. The aquifer generally is unconfined to par-
tially confined throughout most of the·Coastal Plain, but
where it'is more than 50 ft thick, water usually is confined in
the deeper parts due to differences in lithology.
YORKTOWN AQUIFER
The Yorktown aquifer is present at shallow depths in the
northern Coastal Plain. A few high-producing wells tap the
Yorktown. Elizabeth City in Pasquotank County draws 1.3
Mgal/d from a well field that taps the aquifer. Water in the
Yorktown aquifer generally has dissolved-solids concentra-
tions of less than 500 mg/L and hardness of less than 300
mg/Las calcium carbonate.
CASTLE HAYNE AQUIFER
The Castle Hayne aquifer is the most productive aquifer
in North Carolina. Wells that yield more than 1,000 gallons
per minute (gal/min) can be readily developed in this aquifer
and yields may exceed 2,000 gal/min. The Castle Hayne is the
major source of freshwater in the southeastern coastal area
where nearly all other aquifers contain some saltwater. Water
from the Castle Hayne aquifer usually has a hardness ranging
from 80 to 300 mg/Las calcium carbonate (Wilder and others,
25 -200
15-90
200-500
200-400
5 -35
500 Important aquifer in Sand Hills, northeast
North Carolina, and Outer Banks.
Water only slightly mineralized, except
at depth in coastal areas where it is
salty. Iron problems common.
Equivalent to Columbia aquifer in
Virginia.
500 Includes Yorktown Formation and minor
sands in Pungo River Formation.
Important aquifer in northern Coastal
Plain. Water is salty in coastal areas.
Iron problems common. Equivalent to
Yorktown-Eastover aquifer in Virginia.
2,000 Includes Belgrade and River Bend
Formations, Castle Hayne Limestone and
Beaufort Formation. Castle Hayne
Limestone is major aquifer in eastern
Coastal Plain. Iron and hydrogen
sulfide are problems near aquifer's
western limit. Water is salty at depth
near coast.
1,400 Includes Peedee, Black Creek, and Cape
Fear Formations. Most widely used
aquifer in Coastal Plain. Water has
low mineral content. Iron problems
common. Water is salty at depth in
eastern Coastal Plain. Equivalent to
Potomac aquifer in Virginia and
Black Creek and Middendorf aquifers
in South Carolina.
200 Large well yields dependent on
interception of fractures; sustained
yields dependent on thickness of
saturated regolith overlying fractured-
rock aquifer. Dissolved Solids average
about 170 mg/L. Water slightly
acidic and may be corrosive. Locally
high in iron and silica.
I 978) and requires treatment for some uses. It commonly
contains concentrations of silica higher than 50 mg/L. The
aquifer generally is confined, except near its western limit
where it is unconfined or partially confined.
CRETACEOUS AQUIFER.
The Cretaceous aquifer is the principal aquifer in much of
the central and southern Coastal Plain. The aquifer has only
moderate hydraulic conductivity but is very thick. For this
reason, a number of well fields in the Cretaceous aquifer are
able to produce more than 1 Mgal/d. Water from the Creta-
ceous aquifer typically is soft with hardness commonly less
than 20 mg/L as calcium carbonate. The water occasionally
contains concentrations of fluoride higher than 1.5 mg/L, the
maximum limit for public supplies in this area. The aquifer is
confined throughout its areal extent.
CRYSTALLINE ROCK AQUIFER
The crystalline rock aquifers of the Piedmont and Blue
Ridge provinces consist generally of fractured crystalline
igneous and metamorphic rock that has low porosity and,
therefore, little storage capacity. Well yields are sustained by
water stored in the saturated regolith that overlies the frac-
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EXPLANATION
□ Surficial aquifer
Surficial aquifer and
Yorktown aquifer
D Yorktown aquifer
~ Castle Hayne aquifer
Castle Hayne aquifer and
Cretaceous aquifer
Cretaceous aquifer
Crystalline rock aquifer
Not a principal aquifer
A-A' Trace of cross section
A
Sea level
-1000'
-2000'
C
National Water Summary-North Carolina 331
0 50 100 MILES
A'
0 20 40 MJLES
Figure 1. Principal aquifers of North Carolina. A, Geographic distribution. 8, Physiographic diagram and divisions. C, General-
ized cross section (A-A'), Coastal Plain. (See table 2 for more detailed description of aquifers. Sources: A, C, compiled by A. W.
Coble from U.S. Geological Survey and North Carolina Department of Natural Resources and Community Development files. B,
Fenneman, 1938; Raisz, 1954.) ·
332 National Water Summary-Ground-Water Resources
tured bedrock. Success in constructing high-yield wells in this
terrane depends on interception of water-bearing fracture
systems that are overlain by saturated regolith. The chance of
intercepting interconnected fractures is greatest in valleys and
draws and least on ridges and hilltops. The average yield of
wells in the crystalline rock is low-about 10 to 25 gal/min;
however, yields of 200 gal/min or more are common. Water
from the crystalline rock has a dissolved-solids concentration
that is commonly about 170 mg/L and rarely exceeds 250
mg/L. Hardness generally is less than I 00 mg/L as calcium
carbonate. Because of the low buffering capacity of the water,
corrosion can be a problem where the dissolved-solids concen-
tration is less than 100 mg/L, even though pH values range
from 6.3 to 6. 7.
OTHER AQUIFERS
Triassic basins within the. crystalline rock terrane of the
Piedmont are areas from which the principal aquifers are
absent (fig. I); these basins consist of downfaulted blocks of
crystalline rock. The basins are filled with clay, silt, ·fine-
grained sandstone, and ·conglomerate, into which, in some
places, basalt dikes have intruded. In this terrane, chances of
constructing wells that yield more than a few gallons per
minute are slight.
GROUND-WATER WITHDRAWALS AND
WATER-LEVEL TRENDS
Major areas of ground-water withdrawals and water
levels for selected observation wells near pumping centers are
shown in figure 2. Generally, water levels decline in response
to increases in pumping and recover when pumping is reduced.
The hydrographs in figure 2 are representative of response of
water levels to pumping in the Coastal Plairi.
Water-level declines are not widespread in the surficial
aquifer. Pumping I Mgal/d from a battery of shallow wells
near Elizabeth City (near location l, fig. 2). resulted in no
measurable decline in water level in an observation well only
0.5 mile (mi) from the well field.
Only minor withdrawals are made from the Yorktown
aquifer, which is readily recharged; thus, major areal water-
level declines have not occurred in this aquifer. In the Belhav-
en area, withdrawals of 1.2 Mgal/d have resulted in less than
10 ft of decline in 16 years as shown by the hydrograph
(location 5, fig. 2).
The largest ground-water withdrawals in North Carolina
are from the Castle Hayne aquifer to dewater one mine and
three quarries. About 65 Mgal/d are withdrawn from the
confined Castle Hayne aquifer to reduce the artesian pressure,
thereby facilitating dewatering of the overlying phosphate ore
beds. Water levels in the Castle Hayne have declined 5 ft or
more over an area of 1,300 square miles in response to this
pumping (North Carolina Groundwater Section, 1974). The
hydrograph for the Castle Hayne observation well, which is
adjacent to the mining area (location 6, fig. 2), shows the
rapid decline in water level when pumping began in 1965;
stabilization of the water level was achieved in 1966 when the
amount of induced leakage into the aquifer and a reduction in
the amount of natural discharge from the aquifer compensat-
ed for the amounts of withdrawal. Changes in water level
since the late 1960's are the result of fluctuating pumping rates
and movement of the center of pumping as different parts of
the ore body are mined. Other withdrawals from the Castle
Hayne aquifer range from 11 to 18 Mgal/d at three quarries
(locations 8, 11, 16, fig. 2). Because the Castle Hayne general-
ly is unconfined in the area of the quarries, the geographic
extent of the cones of depression is limited.
Widespread withdrawals from the Cretaceous aquifer
have resulted in continuing declines in water levels in this
aquifer throughout much of the Coastal Plain. The Creta-
ceous aquifer observation well (location 7, fig. 2) reveals that,
after a well field was established near the observation well in
1968, water levels have declined more than 80 ft. Periods of
water-level recovery and apparent stability are the result of
short periods of decreased withdrawal rates. Water levels in
the Cretaceous a(Iuifer in the northern Coastal Plain have
declined over an area of several thousand square miles in
North Carolina because of withdrawals of 35 Mgal/d or more
near Franklin, Va., 10 mi north of the State line. Declines
near the line (location 26, fig. 2) have been as much as 45 ft
since 1966 and are estimated to be as much as 100 ft since the
early 1940's when extensive withdrawals began.
Water-level declines because of withdrawals from the
crystalline rock aquifer are not widespread. Water pumped
from the aquifer is supplied from the saturated portion of the
overlying regolith. Recent research shows that withdrawals
from the crystalline rock aquifer are reflected in local cones of
depression in the overlying regolith (Daniel and Sharpless,
1983).
GROUND-WATER MANAGEMENT
The North Carolina Department of Natural Resources
and Community Development (NRCD) implements most of
the regulatory and planning procedures ·related to ground-
water resources in the State. The Division of Environmental
Management (DEM) within NRCD, has the major responsibil-
ity for ground-water management and regulatory programs.
The Environmental Management Commission has authority
over the p~rmitting process and has made the Groundwater
Section of DEM directly responsible for issuing permits for
well construction and ground-water withdrawals. The Com-
mission may designate an area as a Capacity-Use Area
whenever the renewal and replenishment of the ground-water
supplies are believed to be threatened. To date, the Commis-
sion has established only one such area in east-central North
Carolina. However, additional areas are being considered for
Capacity-Use Area designation.
A permit must be obtained from the Groundwater Sec-
tion of DEM for (I) the construction of public-supply, indus-
trial, and irrigation wells, (2) wells with a designed capacity of
100,000 gallons per day (gal/d) or greater, (3) wells to be used
for injection, recharge, or disposal purposes, and (4) a well,
other than a domestic well, located in a designated Capacity-
Use Area (North Carolina Well Construction Act of-1967,
Article 7-87-88). Injection wells for waste-disposal purposes
currently are prohibited by State statute. All well drillers must
register annually with NRCD and are required to report all
well completion and abandonments.
In additioll to a water-use permit in Capacity-Use Areas
for users withdrawing more than 100,000 gal/d, NRCD also
may require these users to adhere to established maximum
withdrawal rates; the agency also can establish the minimum
water levels resulting from pumping in certain areas.
The NRCD Division of Water Resources (DWR) collects
data on the use of ground water statewide through its water-
use data program. The DWR includes ground water in special
regional or river basin water-resources studies with primary
emphasis on the availability of ground water to meet water-
supply needs for municipal and industrial use and for agricul-
tural irrigation. The DWR also provides technical assistance
to local goverment water utilities in considering ground water
as a source of supply for public-water systems. Technical
information on ground water is also available through the
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Ref 27
SIMULATION OF GROUND-WATER FLOW IN THE
COASTAL PLAIN AQUIFER SYSTEM
OF NORTH CAROLINA
U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
Open-File Report 90-372
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SIMUIATION OF GROUND-WATER Fll)W IN THE COASTAL PI.AIN
AQUIFER SYSTEM OF NORTH CAROLINA
By G.L. Giese, J.L. Eimers, and R.W. Coble
U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
Open-File Report 90-372
Raleigh, North Carolina
1991
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aquifers they overlie. Thus, aquifer Al is the lowermost aquifer and the confining unit overlying it is CUl. These designations are referred to frequently in this report.
Selected hydrogeologic sections were adopted from Winner and Coble (1989) to show the distribution of aquifers and confining units throughout the North Carolina Coastal Plain (figs. 5 through 9). The idealized
sections show the thickening, thinning, and pinch-outs typical of these hydrogeologic units in the study area. Confining units are considered to terminate at the limit of the underlying aquifer. These relations are built into the modeling process, and the reader is referred to Winner and Coble (1989) for detailed geologic and hydrologic descriptions. Brief descriptions of each hydrogeologic unit are presented in this section.
Surficial Aquifer (Al0)
The surficial aquifer (AlO) overlies all of the North Carolina Coastal Plain (fig. 1) and consists.of fine sand, silt, clay, shell, and peat beds. Scattered deposits of coarser-grained sediments in the unit occur in relict beach ridges or in alluvium. Throughout the western and central parts of the Coastal Plain, the thickness of the surficial aquifer ranges from a few feet to about 30 ft (feet); however, the aquifer thickens eastward and is more than 200 ft thick in the vicinity of the Outer Banks. The sediments of the surficial aquifer are primarily of post-Yorktown age, but are not restricted to a single geologic unit in terms of age or lithology (Winner and Coble, 1989).
The surficial aquifer (AlO) directly overlies most of the confined
aquifers at one place or another and exchanges water with them either
directly or through an intervening confining bed. The surficial aquifer receives direct recharge from precipitation and is the source of water for the deeper confined aquifers and base flow to streams. The amount of recharge from precipitation varies areally from about 12 to 20 in/yr, depending on the clay content of the soils. Winner and Coble (1989) estimated the average horizontal hydraulic conductivity of the surficial aquifer to be 29 ft/d (feet per day). A more detailed description of movement of water Within the surficial aquifer is given in the section
entitled 11Model Input."
14
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Yorktown Aquifer (A9) and Overlying Confining Unit (CU9}
The Yorktown aquifer (A9), is equated with the older beds of the Pliocene Yorktown Formation of Clark and others (1912) and extends
throughout the northern half of the Coastal Plain (fig. 10) from the Fall Line, where it overlies crystalline rocks similar to those in the Piedmont, eastward to beyond the coast. The Yorktown aquifer is largely composed of fine sand, silty and clayey sand, and sand with shells and shell beds, with some limestone and coarse sand beds also present. In the western Coastal Plain, the aquifer is relatively thin, less than 20 ft thick in many places, and has been cut into or eroded away by the larger streams flowing across the area'. In Dare County, the Yorktown aquifer attains its maximum
thickness of over 300 ft.
The Yorktown aquifer (A9) does not extend into the southern half of the Coastal Plain, except for a small area in Robeson County (fig. 10) which is the largest of a number of outliers shown by Brown and others (1972, pl. 21). Figure 10 also shows the areal extent of aquifers that underlie the Yorktown aquifer. The surficial aquifer (Al0) overlies the Yorktown aquifer everywhere.
The estimated horizontal hydraulic conductivity of the Yorktown aquifer (A9) ranges from 19 to 33 ft/d and averages about 21 ft/d, based on aquifer tests and lithologic-and geophysical-log data from 52 wells and test holes (Winner and Coble, 1989).
The Yorktown confining unit (CU9) overlying the Yorktown aquifer is comprised of the youngest clay beds of the Yorktown Formation in most places, but locally may include clay beds of Pleistocene or Holocene age. Its thickness averages about 25 ft, ranging from less than 10 up to 50 ft thick. It is composed largely of clay and sandy clay that locally includes beds of fine sand or shell. The Yorktown confining unit generally is considered to extend only as far as the Yorktown.aquifer, even though stratigraphically equivalent beds may continue beyond the aquifer limits.
20
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Pnngo River Aquifer (AP) and Overlying Confining Unit (CUB)
The Pungo River aquifer (AB) consists of the permeable part of the
Pungo River Formation of lower and middle Miocene age, described in detail
by Kimrey (1965). The Pungo River aquifer is composed of fine to medium
marine sands with considerable phosphate content. Average estimated
horizontal hydraulic conductivity based on analysis of geophysical logs is
33 ft/d, according to Winner and Coble (1989). Shells and other fossils are
present throughout the aquifer; occasionally, beds of limestone and coarse
sand are found.
The Pungo River aquifer (AB) is thinnest near its western and northern
limits, where its thickness averages about 15 ft. The aquifer dips eastward
and thickens to more than 200 ft in the vicinity of the Outer Banks where
the top is more than 700 ft below sea level. The aquifer is overlain
everywhere by aquifers A9 or AlO (fig. 11), except where it is exposed in an
open-pit phosphate mine in Beaufort County. The Pungo River aquifer is
underlain everywhere by the Castle Hayne aquifer (A7).
The Pungo River confining unit (CUB) is formed by the upper clay beds
of the Pungo River Formation and contiguous clays of the lowermost Yorktown
Formation. The confining unit ranges in thickness from less than 10 ft near
the western margin to about 150 ft beneath Currituck County, with an average
thickness of nearly 55 ft. For most of the area, the confining unit is
composed of nearly uniform clay containing less than 10 percent sand.
Castle Hayne Aquifer (A7) and Overlying Confining Unit (CU7)
The Castle Hayne aquifer (A7) is delineated as those calcareous
sediments of Eocene age that are equated with the Castle Hayne Limestone and
the Trent Formation of former usage of Clark and others (1912). Also
included in this aquifer are rocks of Oligocene age, now designated River
Bend Formation, overlying the Castle Hayne (Brown and others, 1972), which
are lithologically identical and hydraulically connected to the Castle Hayne
Limestone. The basal part of the aquifer may include older contiguous
permeable units in local areas. The areal extent of this aquifer is shown
in figure 12, which also shows the extent of overlying aquifers.
22
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80'
36'
79'
,· ................. ...__
78'
r 1' ''-.. ,...i~i'-' E
, WAKE ./ I .
Uleyen1auser Co. -Plymouth NCO 991 278 S<JD
77• 76'
. . __ .,,---( -. '' ' '.'-'. / . ' ) ·. r-
350 •
0 -, cHK>Ni3"":~_ HOKE l_cUMBERLANo\ ' t· ' .
34'
33•
/. .\ ___ . AIO '\ ·-· \ I
"<'., I \
"'~-.i_________ J -s,, 7 C"-f. COlUMBUS §!., .. 'llo. f ' ' 4-f"-·," ('/:....CK I\ f ~
SO MILES 1----~--~ SO KILOMETERS
EXPLANATION
!Ml-""'! CASl'LE HAYNE AQUIFER NOT PRESENT
21.Q._ LIMIT AND DESIGNATION OF AQUIFER DIRECTLYOVERLYINGCASTI.EIIAYNE
AQUIFER AND ITS CONFINING UNIT
AlO Surficial aquifer
A9 Yorktown aquifer
AB Pungo River aquifer
Figure 12.--Areal extent of the Castle Hayne aquifer (A7) and overlying aquifers
(modified from Winner and Coble, 1989).
24
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. ·I , ' I . ~-' ,I
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~J ' ; . .
The Castle Hayne aquifer (A7) is composed of limestone, sand, and minor
amounts of clay deposited under marine conditions. Limestone may occur as
shell limestone, dolomitic limestone, and sandy ~irnestone ;anging from
loosely consolidated to hard and recrystallized. Along the western margin,
the aquifer occurs near land surface from New Hanover County to Craven
County. Eastward, the aquifer thickens to more than 950 ft in Carteret
County and to nearly 1,200 ft beneath Cape Hatteras (Brown, 1958, fig. 4).
In the area north of Albemarle Sound, limestone beds are thin to
nonexistent, and the sediments contain more clay. The thickness'of the unit
averages about 50 ft between Bertie and Currituck Counties but reaches a
maximum of 115 ft in Currituck County.
The Castle Hayne ·aquifer (A7) is the most productiv~ ·aquifer in North
Carolina due to its thickness and high percentage of permeable limestone and
sand. On the basis of aquifer tests and lithologic and geophysical log
data, the hydraulic conductivity of the Castle Hayne aquifer ranges from
about 15 ft/d, where it is composed of fine sand, to about 200 ft/d where
the bulk of the aquifer is porous limestone.
The thickness of the Castle Hayne confining unit (CU7) averages only
about 10 ft; it exceeds 25 ft only in Gates County along the Virginia_
border, in eastern Pamlico and Carteret Counties, and in two small areas
along the western limit of the Castle Hayne aquifer (A7). The confining
unit is composed of beds of clay, sandy clay, and clay with sandy streaks
that are part of the Pungo River Formation, the Yorktown Formation, or
younger clays. The confining unit is missing in several stream valleys
south of Craven County and in two areas in the northeastern Coastal Plain.
In addition to being thinner than most of the other confining units, the
Castle Hayne confining unit contains more sand; thus, it is relatively
permeable and allows significant vertical leakage between the Castle Hayne
and overlying aquifers.
The Castle Hayne aquifer (A7) and confining unit (CU7) are directly
overlain by the Pungo River aquifer (AB) throughout most of its northern and
eastern area (fig. 12), whereas to the south, the Castle Hayne is overlain
by the Yorktown and surficial aquifers (A9 and AlO). The Castle Hayne is
directly underlain by the Beaufort aquifer (A6) and confining unit (CU6)
northeast of Jones and Onslow Counties and by the Peedee aquifer (AS) and
confining unit (GUS) south of these counties (fig. 13) .
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As previously mentioned, the model assumes all flow in aquifers to be
horizontal and all flow in confining units to be vertical. It was
recognized, however, that in many places within zones designated as aquifer
material, the thickness of clay is significant, and this clay often
functions as an impediment to vertical flow. A more realistic simulation of
the flow system was obtained by incorporating the effects of clay within
aquifers into the leakance terms. Accordingly, total effective thickness
(b) values for each confining unit were generated (figs. 35-43) which
represented the sum of (1) effective confining unit thickness, (2) one-half
the thickness of clay beds in the aquifer above the confining unit, and (3)
one-half the thickness of clay beds in the aquifer below the confining unit.
At some locations shown in figures 35-43 where the confining unit is
designated as not present (particularly in stream valleys), the clay within
aquifers concept was used to assign an effective clay thickness for modeling
purposes.
Initial values for K , representing the vertical hydraulic conductivity V
of confining unit material, were based on appraisals of confining unit
effectiveness derived from geophysical logs, differences in head between
aquifers above and below the confining unit, and chemical analyses, using as
a guideline values of vertical hydraulic conductivity for various materials
given by Morris and Johnson (1967, table 6). These initial values ranged
-3 -6 from 1 x 10 ft/day to 4 x 10 ft/day.
At many locations, two or more confining units need to be considered
for modeling purposes as occurring between two non-sequential aquifers (case
A in fig. 44). For example, the lower Cape Fear aquifer (A2) may be present
and directly above it the lower and upper Cape Fear confining unit (CU2),
and the Black Creek aquifer (A4) may be present. The upper Cape Fear
aquifer (A3) and upper Cape Fear confining unit (CU3) are missing in this
example. In this situation the lower Cape Fear confining unit (CU2) is
considered as being composed of two confining units: half of the effective
thickness belonging to the lower Cape Fear confining unit (CU2) and the
other half belonging to the upper Cape Fear confining unit (CU3), even
though the upper Cape Fear confining unit (CU3) is not present. In general,
the confining unit is divided into N + 1 equal parts, where N is the number
of missing aquifers. Although the transmissivity of the missing aquifers is
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State of North Carolina
Department of Environment, · Ref. 2s
Health and Natural Resources
Division of Environmental Management
James B. Hunt, Jr., Governor
Jonathan B. Howes, Secretary
A. Preston Howard, Jr., P.E., Director
Mr. Richard L. Gay
Wey_erhaeuser Paper Company
P.O. Box 787
Plymouth, NC 27962
Dear Mr. Gay:
January 7, 1994
Subject: NPDES Permit No. NC0000680
Plymouth Mill
Martin County
On July 26, 1993, the Division of Environmental Management issued NPDES Permit No.
NC0000680. After review of your letter dated August 19, 1993, it was determined that changes
in the permit were needed. Accordingly, we are forwarding herewith modifications to the subject
permit to correct the change. The supplement will read, "Continue to operate the existing
treatment facilities (outfall 001 for process water, non-process water and stormwater)
consisting of a 72 acre aeration pond, two settling ponds with a total area of 71.3 acres and two
retention ponds containing a total of 292.5 acres; discharge non-contact turbine cooling water
(outfall 002), discharge water from drinking fountains, drip pan water from non-contact air
conditioning cooling water and storm water runoff (outfall 005), from a facility". The other
correction is the effective date of the dioxin limit has been changed to August 31, 1995 or upon
completion of the Plymouth Mill reconfiguration as stated in the Consent Judgment between the ·
Department of Environment, Health and Natural Resources and Weyerhaeuser Company on March
31, 1993.
Please find enclosed revised Supplement to Permit Cover Sheet, effluent pages and special
condition pages which should be inserted into your permit. The old pages should be discarded.
All other terms and conditions contained in the original permit remain unchanged and in full
effect. These permit modifications are issued pursuant to the requirements of North Carolina
General Statutes 143-215.1 and the Memorandum of Agreement between North Carolina and the
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. ·
If any parts, measurement frequencies or sampling requirements contained. iri this permit
are unacceptable to you, you have the right to an adjudicatory hearing upon written request
within thirty (30) days following receipt of this letter. This request must be in the form of a
written petition, conforming to Chapter 150B of the North Carolina General Statutes, and filed
with the Office of Administrative Hearings, Post Office Drawer 27447, Raleigh, North Carolina
27611-7447. Unless such demand is made, this decision shall be final and binding.
P.O. Box 29535, Raleigh, North Carolina 27626-0535
An Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer
-IP.WQ
JAN L 2 1994
CENTRAL FILES
Telephone [phone] FAX [phone]
50% recycled/ 10% pOst-consumer paper
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If you have any questions concerning these pern:iit modifications, please contact Mr. Randy
Kepler at telephone number 919/733-5083.
cc. Mr. Jim Patrick, EPA
Washington Regional office
Permits and Engineering
Compliance·
Central Files
Since ly yours,
. Preston Ho/B;E.
CENTRAL FILES
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is hereby authorized to:
Permit No. NC0000680
SUPPLEMENT TO PERMIT COVER SHEET
Weyerhaeuser Paper Company
1. Continue to: operate the existing treatment facilities (outfall 001,for process water, non-process
water and stormwater) consisting of a 72 acre aeration pond, two settling ponds with a total area
of 71.3 acres and two retention ponds containing a total of 292.5 acres; discharge non-contact
turbine cooling water (outfall 002), discharge water from drinking fountains, drip pan water
from non-contact air conditioning cooling water and storm water runoff (outfall 005), from a
facility located at Plymouth Plant, ,on NCSR 1565, Martin County (See Part III of this Permit),
and
2. Discharge from said treatment works at the location specified on the attached map into the
Roanoke River which is classified Class C-Swamp waters in the Roanoke River Basin.
CENTRAL FILES
- - -- -- -- - - - --- --- -
Pennit No. NC0000680
During the period beginning on the effective date of the pennit and lasting until expiration, the Pennittee is authorized to discharge from
· outfall(s) serial number 001. Such discharges shall be limited and monitored by the Pennittee as specified below:
A. 0-EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS AND MONITORING REQUIREMENTS FINAL (Summer: April 1 -October 31)
Effluent Characteristics
Lbs/day
Mon, Aya. Pally · Max.
Flow
BOD, 5-Dey, 20°c
Total Suspended Residue
NH3 es N
Dissolved Oxygen(minimum)
Temperature
Penta chlo roph eno 1 • ••
Trichl orophenol• ••
Total Phosphorus
Total Nitrogen (NO2+NO3+ TKN)
Chronic Toxicity••
Dioxin (2378-TCDD) ....
9340.0
40793.0
1600.0
18119.0
77218.0
2400.0
4.26
22.94
Discharge Limitations
Units (Specify)
Mon, Ava. Daily Mex.
55.0 MGD 82.5 ~D
1.3 pg/I (+)
Monitoring
Measurement
Frequency
Continuous
Daily
Daily
Daily
Daily
Daily
Daily
Daily
Monthly
Monthly
Quarterly
Quarterly
• Sample locations: E -Effluent, U -Upstream at the Old Pumphouse location , D -Downstream et the NC 45 Bridge
Requirements
Sample •sample
Type Location
Recording E
Composite E
Composite E
Composite E
Grab E,U,D
Grab E,U,D
Composite E
Composite E
Composite E
Composite E
Composite E
Composite E
Daily stream sampling may be reduced at each sampling station to one time per week except during the months of June, July, August and September
when the frequency must be no less than three times per week at each sampling station.
••chronic Toxicity (Ceriodaphnia) P/F at 10.5%: February, May, August and November: SEE Part Ill, Condition E .
... Monitoring is not required for these compounds if the Permittee certifies in writing that chlorophenolic-containing biocides are not used at the
facility.
••••see Part V; For purposes of compliance, the dioxin "effluent • sample shall be collected at the combined inlet to the wastewater treatment plant.
(+) See Part Ill, Condition I.
The pH /il\'iitl,cn~t be less than 6.0 standard units nor greater than 9.0 standard units and shall be monitored daily at the effluent, Upstream and
~own~;ittlc"byjgrab sample. z l> 1:":.:'.~ ...
;ii!here ~hall ~~:-~o discharge of floating solids or .visible foam in other than trace amou~ts. )':-., ~· ,•·,;.._-, ~ ;,~!;:;~
\:J;~~;J-)l;i
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A.(). EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS AND MONITORING REQUIREMENTS FINAL (Winter: November 1 -March 31) Permit No. NC0000680
During the period beginning on the effective date of the permit and lasting until expiration, the Permittee is authorized to discharge from
outfall(s) serial number 001. Such discharges shall be limited and monitored by the Permittee as specified below:
Effluent Characteristics
Lbs/day
Mon. Avg. ~P=a=ilyy __ M=a~x.
Flow
BOD, 5-Day, 20°C
Total Suspended Residue
NH3 as N
Dissolved Oxygen(minimum)
Temperature
Penta chi oroph e noI•••
TrichlorophenoI• ..
Total Phosphorus
Total Nitrogen (NO2+NO3+ TKN)
Chronic Toxicity ..
Dioxin (2378-TCDD) ....
18680.0
40793.0
3200.0
36239.0
77218.0
4800.0
4.26
22.94
Discharge Limitations M2ai12ri□ g
Units /Specjfvl Measurement
Mon. Ava. Daily Max. Eregyeoc~
55.0 MGD 82.5 MGD Continuous
Daily
Daily
Daily
Daily
Daily
Daily
Daily
Monthly
Monthly
Quarterly
1.3 pg/I (+) Quarterly
• Sample locations: E -Effluent, U -· Upstream at the Old Pumphouse location, D -Downstream at the NC 45 Bridge
Begyjrerneats
Sample *Same I,·
Iie~ L,ocalion
Recording E
Composite E
Composite E
Composite E
Grab E.U,D
Grab E,U,D
Composite E
Composite E
Composite E
Composite E
Composite E
Composite E
Daily stream sampling may be reduced at each sampling station to one time per week except during the months of June, July, August and September
when the frequency must be no less than three times per week at each sampling station .
.. Chronic Toxicity _(Ceriodaphnia) P/F at 10.5''/o: February, May, August and November: SEE Part Ill, Condition E .
... Monitoring is not. required for these compounds if the Permittee certifies in writing that chlorophenolic-containing biocides are not used at the
facility.
•• .. see Part V; For purposes of compliance, the dioxin "effluent • sample shall be collected at the combined inlet to the wastewater treatment plant.
(+) See Part Ill, Condition I.
The ~1!1:5.H:'11Jnot be less than 6.0 standard units nor greater than 9.0 standard units and shall be monitored daily at the effluent, Upstream and g Dowrish'~a_rif~y grab sample. ·
~ The~ shJ\ff~ no discharge of floating solids or visible foam in other than trace amounts. ~ .... lti~ r-N) l;~ ;)
-,, -Q~ r-~ ... _~+ ~ ,,. .A·1'J, l'l,.,.::c-••,.,;"."'·,.;,] ·~~;~;,.
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Part III Pennit No. NC0000680
E. CHRONIC TOXICITY PASS/FAIL PERMIT LIMIT (QRTRLY)
The effluent discharge shall at no time exhibit chronic toxicity using test procedures outlined in:
1.) The North Carolina Ceriodaphnia chronic effluent bioassay procedure (North Carolina Chronic
Bioassay Procedure -.Revised *September 1989) or subsequent versions.
The effluent concentration at which there may be no observable inhibition of reproduction or
significant mortality is 10.5% (defined as treatment two in the North Carolina procedure
document). The pennit holder shall perform quarterly monitoring using this procedure to establish
compliance with the pennit condition. The first test will be performed after thirty days from the
effective date of this permit during the months of February, May, August and November.
Effluent sampling for this testing shall be performed at the NPDES permitted final effluent
discharge below all treatment processes.
All toxicity testing results required as part of this permit condition will be entered on the Effluent
Discharge Monitoring Fonn (MR-1) for the month in which it was performed, using the parameter
code TGP3B. Additionally, DEM Fonn AT-1 (original) is to be sent to the following address:
Attention:
Environmental Sciences Branch
North Carolina Division of
Environmental Management
4401 Reedy Creek Road
Raleigh, N.C. 27607
Test data shall be complete and accurate and include all supporting chemical/physical measurements
performed in association with the toxicity tests, as well as all dose/response data. Total residual
chlorine of the effluent toxicity sample must be measured and reported if chlorine is employed for
disinfection of the waste stream.
· Should any single quarterly monitoring indicate a failure to meet specified limits, then monthly
monitoring will begin immediately until such time that a single test is passed. Upon passing, this
monthly test requirement will revert to quarterly in the months specified above.
Should any test data from this monitoring requirement or tests performed by the North Carolina
Division of Environmental Management indicate potential impacts to the receiving stream, this
pennit may be re-opened and modified to include alternate monitoring requirements or limits.
NOTE: Failure to achieve test conditions as specified in the cited document, such as minimum
control organism survival and appropriate environmental controls, shall constitute an invalid test
and will require immediate retesting(within 30 days of initial monitoring event). Failure to submit
suitable test results will constitute noncompliance with monitoring requirements.
F. Biocide Condition
The permittee shall obtain. authoriztion from the Division of Environmental Management prior to
utilizing an_y biocide in the ~oolin~ w_ater. The permittee s~all no~fy _the Diri:t!P.f.,il1;\}';~!½~Jii\
later than nm. ety (90) days pnono mslltutmg use of any add11Jonal b1oc1de use}1.IJ-,COQ)l~g;_W~!J!g1S ;;11~
which may be toxic to aquatic life other than those prev10usly reported ,.the l)1v1s10n 'of -,;·,;:
Environmental Management. Such notification shall include completion of · ·ocide,Wodcs(fflt.;z,.~
Form 101 and a map locating the discharge point and receiving stream. ,'1"" ~"' ~1''
Concentrations of chromium, copper, or zinc added to biocides shall not exceed applicable water
quality standards or action levels in the receiving stream, as detennined by calcui1'!Nll!>tf\ltllmilliiS
biocide worksheet Fonn 101 with Supplemental Metals Analysis worksheet. ·
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G. Nutrient Condition for Permits Without Phosphorus Limits
This permit may be modified, or revoked and reissued to include an effluent limitation on nutrients
for this discharge depending upon the following: 0 ·•· ..,_
1. The findings of a study by the Division of Environmental Management determine nutrient
control is necessary.
2. Local actions do not successfully reduce the nutrient loading oh the receiving waters.
3. The onset of problem conditions in the receiving waters.
H. The Permittee may not discharge any wastewater if the dissolved oxygen in the Roanoke
River is below 4.0 mg/I for more than 24 hours, unless such discharge is authorized for the
Director or his designee.
I. The Division of Environmental Management will stay enforcement of the dioxin effluent
limitation and the June 5, 1993 compliance date until August 31, 1995 or until the date of
completion of the Plymouth Mill reconfiguration, whichever date is earlier.
CENTRAL FILES
• •
~•-•:::-:_..; ·-, r--~I·
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"LOCATiON MAP" J,b,__ 1979
From us:6WN1'5lPl~E ,.;v,--,y
Weyerhaeuser P~per Company
Plymouth, Martin, NC
1 ()0.Q
~ l ited St~tes ! partment of
Agriculture
.ii
~nservation
Service
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Ref. 29
In cooperation with
North Carolina
Department of Natural
Resources and
Community Development,
North Carolina
Agricultural Research
Service, North Carolina
Agricultural Extension
Service, and the Martin
County Board of
Commissioners
,~•.•·~ f'!', ... .., t ~
;; • ' j, .~ '
'• I '-
Soil Survey of
Martin County,
North Carolina
---.. . ... :.. ,,..
. ,,. \· '
SHEET NUMBER 9
MARTIN COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
76°45'
' 35°52·20·
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tontents
ldex to map units.... iv
Summary of tables ........ v
~~ee~;l,~a;~;~ of th~ sur~~~ ~;~~ .· .· .· .· .· .· .· .· .· ... · .· · .· .· .·. v;i
-~w this survey was made ......................... 2
Map unit composition. 3
leneral soil map units. 5
letailed soil map units 9
Important farmland... . . 27
1115e and management of the soils . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 I Crops and pasture ........... : . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Woodland management and productivity 33
Recreation . . . . 35
.Wildlife habitat. 36
Engineering . . . 37
Soil properties 43
I Engineering index properties . . . . 43
Physical and chemical properties 44
Soil and water features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
· 'Engineering index test data
assification of the soils ................. .
oil series and their morphology ... .
Altavista series ...... .
•
Augusta series .... .
Bethera series .... .
47
49
49
50
50
51
Bibb series
Bonneau series .........
Chastain series ..
Conetoe series
Craven series.
Croatan series .
Dorovan series
Foreston series
Goldsboro series ..
Lenoir series ........
Lynchburg series .....
Norfolk series ...........
Pantego series ......
Rains series .....
Roanoke series ..
Rumford series
Seabrook series
Stallings series
Tarboro series ..
Wickham series.
Winton series .............
Woodington series ........
References
Glossary .....
Tables.
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Issued September 1989
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65
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Martin County, North Carolina
.drained soils in higher positions than Chastain soil.
Dorovan soils, in depressions, are very poorly drained. t he included soils make up about 20 percent of this
ap unit.
Permeability is slow. The available water capacity is
roderate. The shrink-swell potential is moderate. The : . 1teasonal high water table is at or near the surface
\· , during wet months. This soil is frequently flooded for i lery long periods. It is medium acid or very strongly
t cid.
'. : In most areas, this Chastain soil is used as
I..:/woodland. It generally is not used as cropland because
1 ·--tf wetness and flooding._ Major flood control structures,
:;-• long with extensive drainage systems, would be 1,1 t . . f h. , . : required or t 1s use. '.fj■·_,; _common trees are baldcypress, water tupelo, water '1:_;Eak, and sweetgum. Understory plants include
;~ s~eetbay. switchcane, and waxmyrtle. Wetness and
-~ ';-.···nooding restrict the use of equipment and cause high
;: !llates of seedl'1ng mortality.
'/,:'.i,J!•'>W.,etness and the hazard of flooding are the main f ;i' Uinitations for urban or recreational uses.
,";1·~_:;;i:tiis Chastain soil is in capability subclass Vlw. The \tj ~oiidland ordination symbol is 9W.
, '' \'!!'""' ,; 1. -\1'lf0t~h~-Conetoe loamy sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes.
•~•~~~oil is nearly level and well drained. It is on smooth
'Lti~-•~!g_htly rounded low ridges of stream terraces. The
:!6;\?1.~a.J:,.ar~ irregular in shape and range from 4 to 25
· .. .-;.~es•
•~, __ lf._}Tvn,1_c_·_ally, this soil has a dark brown loamy sand
~; ~~-~~-layer 14 inches thick. The subsurface layer to a / •. • -. ~•~!_26 inches is strong brown loamy sand. The
I.,; ~~!~extends to a depth of 58 inches. The upper part ,' ,.~o~ brown sandy loam; the middle part is strong ~-:·-,,,~-, .. n:sandy clay loam; and the lower part is reddish
1 ~'.".-S!lndy loam. The underlying material to a depth ,"' '!'Ch.es is reddish yellow loamy sand.
.-~-';.<! with this soil in mapping are a few areas of .
""'' .. ,~nd Wickham soils. Tarboro soils are :I\ , .-1.'ci.J.:.excessively drained, 'and Wickham soils are • , .. ,0;".d· The included soils make up about 20 . ~· .. ,,\l!U,e map unit. I -.,_.,., __ Aility is moderately rapid and the available acit · ' ., -~ -. Y is low to moderate. The shrink-swell
~.-1.'!W· The water table is not within a depth of IY~S•SO'I . "'lier , 1• is very strongly acid or strongly acid . , ".-eJime has been added. ~'. ... ,...,_, ,!lteas this c · -,y ·-,, ' onetoe soil is used as cropland ::·~t[lle areas, it is used as woodland.
· -'-';.°',PS are corn soybeans tobacco ,smau · ·. · · , ';;":, ~.grains. This soil is subject to ,)1J""·,.: ·ij;,J'-~ .·i _[0\'T
droughtiness and soil blowing. Blowing sand can
damage young plants. Conservation tillage, crop
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residue management, and the use of winter cover crops
help maintain organic matter content and conserve
moisture. Windbreaks and crop rotations that include
close-growing crops are also beneficial in cropland
management. Fertilizers, particularly nitrogen, should be
added in split applications. Coastal bermudagrass and
bahiagrass are common pasture grasses.
Forested areas of this soil are in mixed hardwoods or
pines. Common trees include loblolly pine, white ciak,
hickory, sweetgum, American beech, and red maple.
Understory plants include dogwood, sassafras,
waxmyrtle, and American holly. Seedling mortality is
moderate because of the thick sandy surface la,er.
Seedlings survive and grow well if competing vegetation
is controlled or removed by site preparation, spraying,
cutting, or girdling. Because of the thick sandy surface
layer, equipment use limitations are moderate for
planting and harvesting trees.
This soil has few limitations for urban uses. The thick
sandy surface layer is a moderate limitation for most
recreational uses.
This Conetoe soil is in capability subclass lls. The
woodland ordination symbol is BS.
CrA-Craven fine sandy loam, o to 1 percent
slopes. This soil is nearly level and moderately well
drained. It is on broad, smooth slopes on uplands. The
areas generally are oval and range from 4 to 75 acres.
Typically, this soil has a dark grayish brown fine
sandy loam surface layer 9 inches thick. The subsoil
extends to a depth of 58 inches. The upper part is light
yellowish brown clay loam. The next part is brownish
yellow clay underlain by gray clay with mottles in
shades of red and yellow. The lower part of the subsoil
is gray clay loam with mottles in shades of yellow, red,
and brown. The underlying material to a depth of 67
inches is light gray clay loam with mottles in shades of
yellow and red.
Included with this soil in mapping are some areas of
Goldsboro and Lenoir soils. Goldsboro soils, in
positions similar to those of Craven_ soil, are moderately
well drained. Lenoir soils, in shallow depressions, are
somewhat poorly drained. The included soils make up
1 0 to 15 percent of the map unit.
Permeability is slow, and the available water capacity
is moderate. The shrink-swell potential is moderate. The
seasonal high water table is at a depth of about 2 to 3
feet during wet months. The soil is very strongly acid or
strongly acid except where lime has been added.
In most areas, this Craven soil is used as cropland.
I Martin.County, North Carolina
I This soil generally is not suited to cultivated crops because it has been severely eroded and is subject to
•
further erosion. Pasture grasses do well if runoff and erosion problems can be overcome.
Forested areas of this soil are in mixed hardwoods
and pines. Common trees are sweetgum, red maple,
•
willow oak. white oak, southern red oak, water oak, and loblolly pine. The understory plants are mainly
dogwood, sweetbay, sourwood, American holly, 115outhern waxmyrtle, and sassafras. Wetness is the l('.'ain limitation for woodland use and management.
Seedr,ngs survive and grow well if competing vegetation is controlled or removed by site preparation, spraying, a::utting, or girdling. Because of wetness, equipment use ■imitations are moderate for planting and harvesting
trees.
I Steepness of slope, wetness, slow permeability, and he shrink-swell potential are the main limitations for urban uses. Low strength is a limitation for local roads
Ind streets. Steepness of slope and surface texture are mitations for recreational uses.
This Craven soil is in capability subclass Vie. The woodland ordination symbol is 9W. · 1 Ct-Croatan muck, rarely flooded. This soil is
nearly level and very poorly drained. It is in depressions
I n uplands. Slopes are less than 2 percent. The areas re irregular in shape and range from 3 to 25 acres.
Typically. this soil has a dark brown muck surface
llayer about 4 inches thick that is underla·,n by a layer of lack muck to a depth of about 18 inches. The upper · art of the underlying material is dark gray sandy loam. The lower part to a depth of 65 inches ·,s gray clay ram.
Included with this soil in mapping are a few areas of Dorovan soils that make up about 1 O percent of the
(
ap unit.
Permeability is moderate or moderately slow, and the va,lable water capacity is high. The shrink-swell
Potential is low. The seasonal high water table is lormally at or near the surface. The surface layer is . xtremely acid except where lime has been added. The : ,underlying material is extremely acid to slightly acid.
'
Corn, soybeans, and small grains can be grown · · here this soil is drained. Wetness and the hazard of , •. ,. oil blowing are the main limitations for cropland use '.· '.1and management. The proper maintenance of drainage · , : . stems and the use of winter cover crops and ·_,;: .. ih';dbreaks to prevent soil blowing help to overcome ,. ,, . se Problems. Pasture grasses grow well where the · ,-,,I is drained tt .. Most areas.of this soil are in pine plantations. The .~,, \ ~-' Jt~"''. ,.~(-:
. Ir_·
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dominant native trees are loblolly pine, pond pine, baldcypress, and white cedar. The understory plants are mainly bayberry, American holly, greenbrier, and switchcane. There are severe limitations to the use of this soil for woodland production. Equipment use is limited by wetness and poor trafficability. Only a small proportion of planted seedlings will survive if competing vegetation is not controlled.
Wetness and the hazard of flooding are the main limitations for urban and recreational uses. Low strength is a limitation for local roads and streets.
This Croatan soil-is in capability subclass Vllw. The woodland ordination symbol is 6W.
Do-Dorovan muck, frequently flooded. This soil is nearly level and very poorly drained. It is in swampy areas on the Roanoke River flood plain. Slopes are less than 1 percent. The areas are irregular in shape and range from 100 to more than 1,000 acres.
Typically, this soil has a very dark brown muck
surface layer 8 inches thick that is underlain by black muck to a depth of about 65 inches. The underlying
material to a depth of 95 inches is gray sand with a few fragments of partly decayed wood.
Included with this soil in mapping are a few small areas of very poorly drained mineral soils. Also included are small overwash areas that have a thin mineral layer deposited over the muck. The included soils make up about 1 O percent of the map unit.
Permeability is moderate, and the available water capacity is very high. The shrink-swell' potential is low. The seasonal high water table is at or within 0.5 foot of the surface. This soil is ponded sometimes and is flooded frequently for very long periods. The muck
layers are extremely acid. The underlying material is very strongly acid or strongly acid.
In most areas, this Dorovan soil is used as woodland. It generally is not used as cropland because of wetness and flooding. Major flood control structures, along with extensive drainage systems, are required for th·,s use. In forested areas, native trees are blackgum,
sweetbay, and baldcypress. Seedling mortality can be a severe concern in woodland management. Use of equipment for planting and harvesting trees can be severely restricted because of wetness and instability of the soil material.
Wetness and the hazard of flooding are limitations for most urban and recreational uses. Low strength is a limitation for local roads and streets.
This Dorovan soil is in capability subclass Vllw. The woodland ordination symbol is 7W.
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Low yields can be expected because of the low available water capacity and leaching of plant nutrients. Blowing sand can damage young plants. Crop residue management and windbreaks are commonly used to control erosion. Fertilizers, particularly nitrogen, should be added in split applications. The low available water capacity is the main limitation for pasture grasses, such as coastal bermudagrass and bahiagrass.
Forested areas of this soil are in mixed hardwoods
and pines. Common trees are loblolly pine, longleaf pine, sweetgum, southern red oak, blackjack oak, white oak. post oak, and red maple. The understory plants include dogwood. sassafras, and American holly. The low available water capacity is the main limitation for woodland management. Seedling survival and growth is improved if competing vegetation is controlled or removed by site preparation, spraying, cutting, or girdling. Because of the thick, loose sandy layers, equipment use limitations are moderate for planting and harvesting trees.
The rapid permeabil'1ty and sandy surface layer are the main limitations for most urban and recreational
uses.
This Tarboro soil is ·,n capability subclass Ills. The woodland ordination symbol is 7S.
Ud-Udorthents, loamy. This map unit consists of areas where the natural soil layering sequence has been destroyed by earth-moving machines. Operations, such as scraping. backfilling, trenching, or excavating, have completely altered the characteristics of the natural soil. In this map unit, the Udorthents have four . distinct variations that are related to how the areas were disturbed.
Quarry spoil is adjacent to rock quarries. It consists of spoil material that was excavated and mounded
during the operation of the quarry. The soil has poor physical properties for plant growth. Consequently, the areas that have reseeded naturally have poor stands of weeds. pines. and hardwood trees. These areas are supporting some wildlife.
Borrow pits are areas where the topsoil, the subsoil, and the parent material have been dug out and hauled away. These areas generally are on well drained
landscapes. Some have been reclaimed by grading and spreading 8 to 12 inches of topsoil over the excavated
area. The reclaimed areas are used for pasture and row crops. Most areas. however, have not been reclaimed, and erosion has been severe. Some have filled or partly filled with water. All of them support poor stands of weeds. pines. and hardwood trees. The topography is irregular with mounds of spoil up to 10 feet high and
Soil Survey
holes as deep as 30 feet. Gullies are common. The soils in the borrow pit areas commonly have poor physical properties for plant growth. The rooting depth generally is shallow, and the available water capacity, soil fertility, and organic matter content are low. Areas that are reseeded have a potential use for wildlife
habitat.
Landfills are areas where the natural soils have been altered by landfill operations. These are excavated
areas cons·,sting of deeply graded trenches that are backfilled with alternate layers of solid refuse and spoil material. The final surface is covered with two or three feet of spoil. Closed landfills have landscapes with O to 6 percent slopes and are covered by perennial grasses, pines, hardwood trees, and annual weeds. Included are some areas of undisturbed soil. These are commonly just outside the area of the landfill. The soil between the trenches is relatively undisturbed, except for the final cover used to smooth the entire area. Landfills that are still active have trenches 20 to 30 feet deep with steep walls that are subject to caving in.
Cut and fill areas have been altered by removing soil from the high areas and filling in the low areas. These areas are usually reseeded with annual and perennial
grasses, and some have pine and hardwood trees.
These areas have often been subject to rill erosion. This map unit has not been assigned a capability
subclass nor a woodland ordination symbol. The
characteristics of the soil material within these different areas of Udorthents, loamy, have been altered to such a degree that interpretive statements cannot be made except where onsite examinations are made.
Ur-Urban land. This map unit consists of areas where more than 85 percent of the surface is covered with streets, buildings, parking lots, railroad yards, or airport facilities. The natural soils were greatly altered by cutting, filling, grading, and shaping during urbanization. The original landscape, topography, and, commonly, the drainage pattern have been changed. The areas between facilities are used as parks, lawns, playgrounds, cemeteries, and drainageways. Slope is commonly O to 6 percent.
Runoff is very rapid in this map unit and ii increases the flood hazard in low-lying areas. Waterways and
reservoirs are subject to siltation from areas that are graded and not stabilized.
Recommendations for use and management of soil and water in this map unit require onsite examination.
This map unit has not been assigned a capability
subclass nor a woodland ordination symbol.
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To: File
From: G.Doug Rumford~
Date: 6/12/95
Subject: Weyerhauser Co.-Plymouth
Plymouth, Martin County, NC
NCO 991 278 540
Ref 30
Memorandum
Telephone Conversation with Mr. Harold Mccarson
On this day, I spoke with Mr. Harold Mccarson (919-793-9466), Business Development
Manager with Hydro Logic, Inc., the company that administers the Plymouth water system. Mr.
Mccarson told me that the city system is supplied by 4 groundwater wells; 3 of the wells are
approximately 185 ft deep and 1 well is approx. 115 fl deep. The Plymouth water system supplies
drinking water to about 4119 people within the city limits. Washington County purchases water for
distribution to residents outside the city limits. According to Mr. Mccarson, the water system is
sampled on a yearly basis for VOC'S, SVOC'S, and inorganics and has not shown any indications
of contamination.
Mr. Lee Smith, County Manager of Washington County was also contacted. He confirmed
that the county buys water from the city for distribution outside of the city limits. The county provides
water to 1850 customers.
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Ref. 31
~M~
CORPORATION
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/n/ltelc /
/iT711C/J£/)
C.0Nouc1cJ
ORGANIC CONTAHINANTS
Vol•til ■ Halocarbon•
Volatile Aromatics
15 Pesticides/PCBs
Fuel Oil/Diesel Fuel
(Method 601)
!Method 602)
(Method 608)
We •t WaterTost were at first surprised to find that pollution by
organic chemicals is so widespread --but if you consider th■
following, it shculdn"t be a great surprise• 1) Of the 181,000
toklc liquid storage ponds in the U.S., only 77., says the E.P.A.,
pose no immediate threat to groundwater, 2) most of the Y3,000
landfills in the U.S. have no groundwater monitoring system
required, and the majority produce highly toxic wastas1 3) over B
billion gallons of hazardous waste are disposed of in deep wall•
feeding underground aquifers, 4) over 751 000 of the 2 million
underground ga• and liquid chemical storage tanks leak, according
to aKperts. With these kindu of problem■, it should b• no sur-
pri ■e that virtually every newspaper we read contain• another
water pollution story. Host cf the items 1n the news concern
volatile organic chemicals, pesticides, and fuel oil. Volatile
organic chemicals are those which readily become gases at normal
temperature• and pressure■• They includ• a large cl••• of co-.
pound• with chlorine and bromine in tham --the "organic halid•■•
--and such compound■ as benzene (a component of gasoline>, and
toluene la solvent). Many of the volatile.organics are abs~bed
through the skin, and studies indicate thaj this route into th ■
b0dy may be mer• hazardous than by drinking contaminated water.
The volatil• halocarbon■ cannot be ■malled or tasted at their
very low toKic levels.
For soma volatile halocarbon■, such as trihalomethanlt!I (chloro-
form, bromoform and two other compounds found in virtually every
community water system at varying levels), the E.P.A. specifies a
maximum acceptable level --100 parts per billion for chloroform
and its sister compounds. Trichloroethylene," a liver and kidney
carcinogen that has turned up in b.'dm!cg_Q.!_ of community water
systems, has a recommended level of ZERO. The National Cancer
Institute issued a "state cf c1;:mcern" alert about trichloroethy-
lene. Vinyl chloride, used extensively in the production of
plastics, PVC pipe, electrical insulation, and food-packaging
materials, has a recommended limit of ZERO. Tetrachloroethylene
contamination caused by dissolution of Asbestos cement pipe-
lining has been noted in several American community water sys-
tems. Private wells throughout the country have been found to
contain similar organic solvents, which enter the supply through
the disposal of such common household wastes as degreasing
agents, paint thinners, solvent• and insecticides.
The 1~ pesticides and PCBs WaterTest analyzes for include such
deadly chemicals as endrin, heptachlor, DDT and endosulfan.
These non-volatile compounds, most of which are white.or brown
crystalline solids, are highly toMic in low doses ranging from 1
to 100 parts per billion. It is difficult to recognize them in
consumer products ingredient listings, as they have a wide range
I I r ,_.-..... _ .. ·: ··:·.;= :; ::· :'-:--... --:::_-. '~·..-:.--
.!_ ... •. · .. ,·
.··, .... -_.·., .... . .•.•· .. :,
1 ..
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·• . ~,. '~-
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--· --·-------_ _,-'
of product names. <Endosulfan, far example, may be called Thio-
dan, Cyclodan, Beo•it, Thimul and Thiofor.) SOffltt of thR11a cofft-
pound■ dissolve readily in wat~r, &nd rapidly entttr public and
private water supplies. They can go undetected for year■, since,
like almout all the compounds mentionad in this section, THEY ARE
NOT REQUIRED FOR TESTING UNDER TlE SAFE DRINKING WATER ACT.
Contamination by these deadly chemicals ts common. For-example,
in 1976, a study team surveying groundwater in New Jersey found
that all 163 wells tested contained detect.ilble level!I of toxic
chemicals. In Connecticut, a 1979 state survey di■cloaed that
874 of the wells tested were conta•inated. Every day, DVl!f"" 500
million gallon9 of toxic waste9 ar• dumped into the NiagAra River
in New York and Ontario, contaminating the water for some 4001 000
people using the 9upply. According to the E.P.A., over 44 Massa-
chusetts communities are Mneverely contaminated," and •at laast
one-third of the Commonwealth's c~nitie■ have bettn affected by
chemical contamination.• In Long Island, NY, "all threo of th•
Island's principal aquifers are 9Rl""lou9ly and dangerously conta-
minated.• In 19801 the House Subca-ittaa on Enviro"nmant, En.,..~y
and Natural Rasrouces, reported that "th• haalth of •lllion• of
Americans is threated by government and industry·• past failure
to properly protect our groundwater,• and •the destruction of our
nation's ground water will continua unless -move im•ediately to
locate all potential sources of ground wat...-contamination and
take action to block the further fl°" of toxic substance• into
the ground.• Given these strong words, immediate action should
be required, but does not seem to be forthcoming. The initial
symptoms of drinking water contaminated by volatile halocarbon~,
volatile aromatics, pesticides, PCBs, and fuel oils, at toxic low
levels are often difficult to distinguish from the ordinary
variations in normal health. Sympta..s includes nausea, headache,
blurred vision, di:ziness, speech difficulty, general malaise,
visual disturbances, hand tremo~s, irritability, numbness of the
limbs, mild "into:dcation," stomach aches, diarrhea and abdominal
pain. ESPECIALLY IN CHILDREN, these symptoms are often misdiag'-
osed, and many physicians are unaware of, or untrained in their
symptomatology.
Symptoms of acute poisoning are frequently severe and often
!~reversible. They include significant central nervous system
damage, liver and kidney degeneration, vomiting, unconsciousness,
cancer, and death.
We at Wate~Test are particularly concerned about the health of
pregnant women, fetuse• and young children. They are at espec-
ially high risk from these contaminants4 Many of the volatile
o~ganic chemicals pass readily through the placental barrier, and
are transmitted to the fetu•4 In fact, laboratory studies have
9hown several to be fetally toxic and te~atogenic (they causa
death or malformations). Young children often complain of non-
specific maladie•, which parents usually ascribe to growing
pains, indigestion, fatigue, or other benign causes. Given the
widesp~ead pollution of community water system• and private
wells, we feel parents should carefully monitor children's EVERY
physical complaint, and bring them to the attention of the family
2
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':.: --~--:·:·> =•-
··_·,?\_\-;.:_~: .
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'!t'•i ·' ·-~r.t:/1-,. -"' , ··,· _, ~~~-~~,.:?.,~:: , -~~ ..... , ... l: . , ,l{"'rr''c~--~so:~ )1i, > ·;; i· />.': ,I 1 :;~~~: i" ~: ;'? )i_,:, .. ~ :~~t\· ~----d~}\;r~t:.~;::· ~ . .'.,{1··'..~_-,·i~_\_li.:,i.:_i\,t. .. _ .--... · _.,_, · .. '.: .. _·_:,_,·_ .. -,,.•.·· .. ·.~-:--. _·:.·.:,/;'.'.:_[:~:{\ {: .. :;·~~~; ·, i: '.. :.:;;:i,;~_>.:{ : .. -_.i.L,._: ... \ .... ·._ .. _;_:~.~: .... : •. _ .. _:,,··.·., _;_:. ':".?: . .. .
rt~~~t~f~.~~1:-,,iM;,.%!~i.~•1i;,.,~t~~~~J.~,1~-,:ff/Hlf~W.-¥7'(t~1.i,;,: J:fii,)·,i\(,'.:{;f./,~~~i1f?)f:iif{·
... ,
,.,--..
( .. ···~.---: ·.·-· :~--~~~=~
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doctor or pediatrician if th•Y persist or recur. WatarTeat m•in-tains up-to-d•te inforaation on th• Medical effect• of • wida rang■ of drinking water contaminant•, and any of our st•ff ara more than happy to consult with you about the symptoms of chronic or acute poisoning by these chemicals. Simply call us on our customer information number, (603) 526-bblb.
Organic Chemicals Control
Any supply with the potential for contamination by organic chemi-cals should be treated with activated carbon filtration. While some varieties of volatile organics are not well-removed by car-bon, lt remains the best choice for effective removal of thes• highly toxic compounds. Several kinds of affective carbon fil-ter ■ are available, ranging from den■• carbon-block• fOt" countar-top ,or under-sink installation to cartrldg• unit ■• Di ■tillatton plus carbon filtration can also be effective in organic■ reaoval.
Carbon filters can become the site fOt" extensiv• bacterial growth, and may cause the release of bacteria into th■ water. Backflushing and a regular program of carbon replacement ■hould be pursued. Disinfection by ultraviolet or iodination should b■ considered in all carbon filtration installation•.
3
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WaterTeSt'"
NEW LONDON,N.H. 03257 CORPORATION
WATER ANALYSIS REPORT
C•Jstomer_
WEYER HAUSER CO.
ATTN: DON FERGUSON
PO BOX 787
PLYMOUTH
NC 27962
Date sampled :
LJ.3ter_ .. source.
ROLL AREA
Sample number: 078041
Any parameter o~tside these limits will be marked with a double asterisk on either side
of the result --for example,** 0.014 **. The WaterTest manual --THE WATER YOU
DRINK --is an integral part of this report and should be read in conjunction with the
analysis. Please note that the medical hazards of certain levels of contamination are
often a function of the individual water consumer's health,·diet, age and physical and
mental condition·. ._ ._ _ · _ _ _ _
ANALYTICAL RESULTS
YOUR
? :=:: r -~met Er ___________________ M_C L _________________ ..... R_E_S ULT S
Arser1ic 0.050 0.010
C.3dmium
pH
f\1 i tr .=ite
Sil\.-'er
Chloride
M .3 r;r:i ar1 es E•
H:;r dries£
Le.3d
Nickel
M:;gnesium
Alk::ilinity
IDS
0.010
8. !::;
10.00
0.050
250.0
0 .. 050
250.
0.050
500.0
0.005
8 .. l
0.01
0.030
84.0
0.016
l 93 ..
0.010
.,,_ l"' " '.,'. ,.)!J
23.CJOO
>200 ..
218.0
B.?.rium
Chromium
Mer cur·::--"
Selenium
Fluor·idE
Iron
Sodium
Z i l1C
Tot.31 Coli
Copper
Pot.3ssium
Sulf.3-l:,e
C::ilcium
.
YOUR
1 .00 0. 10
0.050 0.030
0.002 0 .. 0005
0. 010 o.oo:;
2.40 0.67
0.300 0. 1G2
'1 {\ .:... ,.; -Id, lo:::;.
:; . 00 " ~" V ..... , l.J , 1 • . .
1 . 000 0 . 1 'l c:-.L .... -..1
"Vi ., ,
250.0 7 .. 0
40.6
·-,).';'
~
' ~ . f f" ....
l{·
.,.
_,.
(
WatErTest Ccrporatiorr
New London~ New Hampshire 03257
Customer
Weyerhauser
PO Box 787
Plymouth
NC 27962
Date Sampled:
PARAMETER TESTED
WATER ANALYSIS REPORT
6V-carbon tetr2chloride
7V-chlorober1zene
lOV-1.2-·dichloroethane
llV-1.l~l-trichloroEthane
l3V-·l~l-dichloroethane
14V-1~1~2-trichlcroethane
1·5v-1~1,2,2-tetrachloroethane
J.GV-chloroeth~r:e
19V-2-chloroethylvinyl ether
23V-chloroform
29V-l,l-dichloroethylene
30V-1~2-trans-dichloroethyler1e
32V-l,2-dichloropropane
33V-l.3-dichloropropyler,e
44~1-methylerie chloride
45V-n;2thyl chloride
4GV-methyl btomide
47V-bromofGrm
~8V-dichlorobromonietharre
49V-trichlorofluoromethane
50V-dichlorodifluoromethane
51V-chlorodibromomethane
85V-tetrachloroethylene
87V-trichlcroethylerie
88V-vir1yl chloriije
-EDB
WATER SOURCE
roll area
Sample Number: 078042
CONCENTRATION
ND
NI!
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NII
< 2
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
.NI:!
ND
ND
NL!
Nii
ND
ND
ND
Nir
ND
NIJ
NOTES: Analvses were performed by EPA Method 601
Results ar~ expressed in ppb (parts per billion)
ND--Not Detected
Det~ction limit--1 ppb, except as noted
means 'less than'
Ar1alysis performed by Gascoyne Lat,oratories~ Irie.
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WaterTeSl'"
NEW LONDON,N.H. 03257 CORPORATION
··----~-·--·-····---·-· --·------WATER ANALYSIS REPORT
Customer
WEYER HAUSER CO.
ATTN: DON FERGUSON
PO BOX 787
PLYMOUTH
NC 27962
D:ate s:anipled :
IJ .3t c r ... source_
LAB
S:aniple nuniber: 078043
The following test parameters wel'.e· f?un~ to be. outside the Maximum Contaminant .
Levels (MCL) set by the Safe. Drmking· Water Act (SDWA) or WaterTest's
recommended limits: . · .. · .. · __ c"',.;:.;J·c._ ..... :. ·. . . .... ·.... · · .•·., . · Sodiu-ri1 · ___ .,. __ ... · .. •J "'------~--··•·-•-~--·--·----· ···-·-··· ... ·--,~
Any parameter outside these limits will be marked with a double asterisk on either side
of the result --for example, ** 0.014 ••. The WaterTest manual --THEW ATER YOU
DRINK --is an integral part of this report and should be read in conjunction with the
analysis. Please note that the medical hazards of certain levels of contamination are
often a function of the individual water consumer's health, diet, age and physical and
.mental condition.· · ·
Ar=en:i c
C.=idmium
Nitr.3te
Sill/er
Chloride
M::ir19.-;11Ese
r:.:ir·drre~s
Le::1d
Nickel
Ma•3ne-!::ium
AH .. ,linity
TDS
O.C:50
0.010
8.5
10.00
0.050
250.0
0.050
250.
0 .. 050
500.0
ANALYTICAL RESULTS
YOUR
< 0.010
0.005
8. 1
0.01
0.030
0.012
19-4.
0.010
0.50
24.600
.>200 ..
311. 0
P.::.-ir_am_e_te_r
B::irium
Chromium
Ht?rcur-y·
Selenium
Fluoride
Iron
Sodium
Z i r,c
Tot:al Coli.
Copper
Pot.=1:: s i um
Sulfate
C.3lcium
All results are in milligra~s/liter
except pH and Coliform ~ourits'. .' < means "less than". ·: ·· ·
YOUR
_MCL ...... -·-······· RESULT!:'
1 .. 00
C-.. 050
0.002
0.010
2 .. 40
0.300
20.
5.00
1.
1. 000
0 . l 0
0.030
() .. 0005
o .. oo:;
0. G Ci
< 0.100
A-A 108.
0.50
1.
0.124
7 .. 0
41 .. 4
> means "greater than" ...
·· ··:\ · · ·;ti -<~ tN(ftTI:, ·:~}2(f t\t-:·• t;<,,•\1·11)l ftf fr•i:.,,\ >.,;;=,
WaterTest ·corpor3tior1
New Londorr~ New Haffipshire 03257
Customer
Weyerhauser
PO Box 787
Plymouth
NC 27962
Date Sampled:
PARAMETER TESTED
WATER ANALYSIS REPORT
6l:-c~rbon tetrachloride
7V-chlorobenzene
10V-l.2-dichloroethar1e
llV-lrl,l-trichloroethar1e
13l1-l~l-dichloroethane
14V-l.1~2-trichloroethane
15V-l~l~2~2-tetrachloroethane
lGV-chloroethar1e
19V·-·2-chloroethylvinyl ether
23V-chloroform
29V-·lrl-dichloroethyler1e
30V-1~2-trans-dichloroethyler1e
3JV.-1~2-·dichloropropane
33V-l.3-dichloropropylene
44V-m0thylene chlori,je
45 1)-mEthyl chloride
4~\!-niethyl tiromi,je
4jv-bromoform
48V-dichlorobromometharre
49V-trichlorofluoromethane
50V-dichlorodifluoromethane
51V-chlorodibromometharre
85~1-tetrachloroethylene
e7V-trichloroethylene
88V-vir1yl chloride
-EDB
WATER SOURCE
lab
Sample Number: 078044
CONCENTRATION
ND
N[!
ND
Nii
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NI:
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NOTES: Analyses were performed by EPA Method 601
Results are e}:pressed in ppb (parts per billion)
ND--Not Detected
Detectior1 limit--1 ppt,, e>:cept as noted
means •1ess than•
Analysis performed by Gascoyne Laboratories~
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'VVaterTeSt'·
NEW LONDON,N.H. 03257 CORPORATION
... --~ ·~;< ·_--,~-·: .. ·---··-... · ---· . ··--.. -·· .... ·--. ---------·· . -~.-..-___ .., ______ ·-· -·-~·--·-··~--
Customer_
WATER ANALYSIS REPORT
Water_ .. source_
MA IN OFF ICE
i i
WEYER HAUSER CO.
ATTN: DON FERGUSON
PO BOX 787
PLYMOUTH ~-------------, ,,
'f=I O}S046 .,...C.......~ot,. .. :\-{"-.. wPj f· NC 279G2
o..,::c.o,.A. · -tt> }-1, s. Ji>i,.> t\..,'s ....,0-4 a.... "1v-r1,~....t. ~-: ·
t . 0780 • ~ •'"-sol\=~,~\...!:: [l.3te s;ampled : S-3mple num ,er. '"t.J ,-.:, _____ '...J -
The following test parameters were found to be outside the Maximum Contaminant
Levels (MCL) set by the Safe · Drinking· Water Act (SDWA) or WaterTest's
re~~~~endedlimit~: , · :c ;;;Sodi,.in, _ __ _ " ____ , _,_ ~, ___ ----·-_
Any parameter outside these limits will be marked with a double asterisk on either side
of the result --for example, *~ 0.014 **. The WaterTest manual --THEW ATER YOU
DRINK --is an integral part of this report and should be read in conjunction with the
analysis. Please note that the medical hazards of certain levels of contamination are
often a function of the individual water consumer's_ health, diet, age and physical and
mental condition.
ANALYTICAL RESULTS
YOUR YOUR
Arsenic
C.;dmium
pH
Nitr.;:1te
Silver
Chloride
M-3 rig :~r; es e:-
H :=i rd ne s s
Le.:id
Nick.el
rl-:l•=!r1e1.= i um
r:;lk-31inity
IDS
0.050
0 .. 0 l 0
8 .. 5
10.00
250.0
0.05()
250.
0.050
500.0
0.010
0 .. 005
0 -, u. "
< 0.01
0.030
0.()25
.. 0') 1 .......
0.010
0.50
21.400
>200 ..
341. 0
. All results are in:~;llii;~siliter'' ... ·:~ ·. /::•.·
except pH and Co.liform counts, -_ :'.:;:,(L .-< means "less than". ·· .. ',-·' > means "greater than". ;, _ · -._
' . . ; ?( it> . ,.: \tfic}t:{:~},;;;x;;y,,'.r~,\ ;
p .;_ r.a.m e_ t er-··-··-······-··-· M. CL ______ .. _,._ .. _ .. ____ B_~_?_WJ~J_;?_
Barium 1.00 0.10
Chromium
Me::-r· cur y·
Selenium
Fluoride
Iron
Sodium
Zinc
Tcot.,;l Coli.
Capper
f'ot.:ess ium
Sul f.:1te
C:;i.lcium
0.050
0.002
0.010
2.40
0.300
20.
5.00
1.000
250.0
**
.;,.. .;~
0.030 o.ooc,:_:_;
0.005
O.G4
2.220
94 :·
0.50
1 .
0.0G0
17.0
G . C,
3 b. 4
-Is*·. .
-Is"
(. ;-
W3terTest Corporatiorr
New Lo~dor,P New Ham;;shirE 03257
Weyerhauser
PO Bo:: 787
Plymouth
NC 27962
WATEF' ANALYSIS REPORT
Ds.te Sampled: 3/r1/SS
PfiRAMETER TESTED
GV-carbor1 tetrachloride
"7 1)-ch l or obE·r.::er,e
lOV-1~2-dichloroeth~ne
llV-lplpl-trichloroethsne
13V-1,·1-dichlor8ethane
14V-l,l,2-trichlcroeth~ri2
15V-l,l,2,2-tetrachloroethane
l 61,.: -ch lo r· o et h 3 r1 e
19V-2-chloroet~1ylvinyl ether
2~~1-.-1-chloroform
29V-lpl-dichlaroethylene
30V-lr2-trans-dich1Groethyler1e
32V-l,2-dichloropropane
33V-1~3-dichloropropylene
44V·-ffiethvJ.ene chlori,je
.45V-methyl chlori1jc
46V-met1,yl broniide
4'?1)-bromofor m
48\.1-dichlorobromomethane
49V-trichlorofluoromethane
50V-dichlorodifluorometh3ne
51V-chlorodibromorneth~rre
85V-tetrachloroethylerie
87V-trichloroethylerre
88V-vinyl chlori1je
-EDB
WATER SOURCE
m.=1ir. office
Sample Number: 078047
CGNCENTRAT ICN
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NI::
ND
NV
NL:
ND
NV
ND
ND
Nil
NV
Ne'
ND
NII
NOTES: Analyses were performed by EPA Method 601
Results are E}:pressed in ppb (parts per billion) ND--Not Detected
Detectior1 limit--1 ppb. e>:cept as noted
means 'less tha~0
Analysis perfo1·med by Gascoyne L3boratories, Inc.
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aterlest'"
NEW LONDON,N.H. 03257 CORPORATION
.-~~-.::..:, ·.,_, ___ ,. --. ---------· ·-·-..... ------~-······ .. ___ .. _____________________ _
WATER ANALYSIS REPORT
Customer_
WEYER HAUSER CO.
ATTN: DON FERGUSON
PO BOX 787
PLYMOUTH
NC 27962
lJ.3ter ___ source_
FINE PAPER
Any parameter outside these limits ~ill be marked with a double asterisk on either side
of the result --for example, •• 0.014 ••. The WaterTest manual --THEW ATER YOU
DRINK --is an integral part of this report and should be read in conjunction with the
analysis. Please note that the medic;:al hazards of certain levels of contamination are
often a function of the individual water consumer's health, diet, age and physical and
me~_ta~co~d'.~-~~~: _ ": ~-~~s:',_i'> .. _ '. . . _ · . . . · ~--,:{: _;_ . ~
\,.,: t,
f,'
' r ,, ... t.
!-,.
F
ANALYTICAL RESULTS
YOUR YOUR l
Ar-senic-
C-3dffi i Uff:
pH
Nitr.3te
Silver
Chloride
M.3n9:=inE•se
H-3rdness
Le:;d
Cop_oer.
Pot.3ss i um
Sulf.3te
Calcium
0.050
0 .. 010
10.00
0.050
250.0
0.050
0 .. 12'50
1 .. 000
250.0
0.010
0.005
0 '1 L• •,;,.,
0.01
0.030
89.0
0.010
197.
0.010
0.195
, '7 ,.,
,J.. ✓ • .:..
7 .. 0
37.3
.· ,·~-;,,· . ..~ ..• ., .. • .-:••, .. l~;.,.f .. •· •. -. '·'/:·:°~~-
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All results are in" rililligrains/liter·5,,;':\i:; : . . . ''; ·
Chromium
M2rcur·y
Selenium
FluoridP
Iron
Sodium
Zinc
NicVe·l
M.;;-~ries i um
Alk.:;Jinity
1' DS
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> means "greater than". · .... · O:S_; ~ ·. •.. . . · .....
, -· • :,;);: i ;. , , >-'It(:' ,, .. . -: · :J),~ii;f;c;1:i1:l'.!·~~t;:;t(·t[f;1l1~¥1r*l' -• s: ..
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to
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WaterTe~t CGrQcr;tior:
New Lendor,~ New Ha~p~hire 03257
Customer
Weyerhauser
PO Bo>: 787
Plymouth
NC 279G2
[l.3te S.ampled:
hiRAMETER TESTED
WATER ANALYSIS REPORT
GV-carbon tetrachlori1je
7\)-ch 1 or o benzene
lOV-1~2-dichloroethane
llV-1,1,1-trichloroethane
13V-l.l-dich].oroethane
14V-l,l.2-trichloroEthane
lSV-1~1~2~2-tetrachloroethane
16 1)-ch 1 or o eth:3 lrE
1gv-2-chloroethylvinyl ether
23')-ch l or ,of or· m
29V-l~l-dichloroethylene
3CV-l,2-tra11s-dichloroethylene
32V-1~2-dj_chl.oropropa11e
33V-l,3-d1chloropropyler1e
44V-methylene chlori1je
45V-raethvl chloride
47r)-bromo:for-m
48V-dichlorobromomethane
49V-trichlorofluoromethane
50~1-dichlorodifluoromethane
51V-chlorodibromomethane
85V-tetractiloroethylene
87V-trichloroethyle11e
88V-vir1yl chloriije
-EiiB
WATER SOURCE
fine p.=1per
Sample Number: 078049
CONCENTRATION
ND
ND
ND
NP
ND
ND
ND
NOTES: Analyses were performed by EPA MethGd GOl
Results are e>:pressed in ppb (part~ per billion)
ND--Not Detected
Detection limit--1 ppb. except as noted
< me~ns 'less than•
Ar1alysis performed by Gascoyr1e L~bor3t □ries,
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MEMO
TO: Superfund Section Staff
FROM: Jeanette Stanley
Environmental Chemist
NC Superfund Section
DATE: January 17, 1995
Ref 32
SUBJECT: Update on Status of Wellhead Protection Programs in N.C.
I spoke with Mr. Randy Prillaman, Hydrogeologist, NC DEM [phone]. He said that
he has rewritten a draft Wellhead Protection Area implementation plan. It was submitted to US EPA
in late December 1994. This plan is based on either an expensive hydrogeological study or the
protection of a whole area based on a calculation using recharge rate and pumping rate as variables.
He does not know if or when final approval will be received from EPA, but he expects to know by
April or May 1995.
Some areas he expects to be the first to have wellhead protection areas are Gaston County;
the Town of Black Mountain, and numerous.small communities affiliated with the North Carolina
Rural Water Association. Gaston County has delineated wells and completed a contaminant source
inventory.
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To: File
From: G.Doug Rumford e'
Date: 6/15/95
Subject: Weyerhauser Co.-Plymouth
Plymouth, Martin County, NC
NCD 991 278 540
Ref. 34
Memorandum
Telephone Conversation with Mr. Richard Gay
On this day, I spoke with Mr. Richard Gay (919-793-8693), Environmental Manager at the
Weyerhauser Plymouth Paper Mill. Mr. Gay told me that at the pulp and paper mill, there are 3 wells
that are blended into the main water system for the facility. He also mentioned that there are 2 wells
at the wood yard and 4 wells at the forest products division. The wells at the pulp and paper mill
provide water for the cooling towers and for drinking. Carbon filters are connected to all facility water
fountains. The locations of the paper mill wells are indicated on the attached map. Well #12 is the
closest well (approx. 1400 ft) to the former chlorine production building (CPB), however it is
upgradient relative to groundwater flow direction. Well #13 is approx. 1700 ft east and downgradient
of the CPB; well #11 is approx. 2400 ft west of the CPB.
-----
Plymouth
Mill
·Complex
-- -
0 Roundwood Conversion 0 Hog Fuel Storage/Processing 0 Chip Storage
. 0 Woodyard Ottices 0 Fine Paper Mills 1NC-<,NC:.5J
0 No. 5 Pulp Mill/No. 4 Bleach Plant
0 Bleach Plant No. 3
- - --
'!.Z
"" .., ";' ,_ 0"' ' \I ,''
161 o Employees -2,400 Acres
0 Pulp/Paperboard Mills 1...:.,, HC-1. NC-3) 0 No. 1, 2 Pulp Mills/No. 2 Bleach Plant
(i:) Power/Utility Area/Riley Boller
ID Chemical Recovery Area
CD Hogged Fuel Boilers 1 & 2
CI) Administration Building
CO Fuel Storage Area
(D Project Building
0 Personnel/Medical Olflces
CD Secondary Fiber Recycling
CI) Water Filler Plant
~ Pulp Mill No. 3 & 4 e Lime Kiln
6) Hogged Fue.J JUR><, WOOQWA$IT.ETC.)
---
G Effluent Treatment Facillty S American Cyanamid Alum Plant
O Main Entrance -Mill Complex
(;) Scale House
Q New Conference Center t'D Kleckheler Center
0 Fitness Trail
O Pfizer Plant
-r
'l<eyerhaeuser raper Company
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Ref 35
Memorandum
To: File
From: G.Doug Rumford ~
Date: 6/26/95
Subject: Weyerhauser Co.-Plymouth
Plymouth, Martin County, NC
NCD 991 278 540
Groundwater Population within 4-mile radius
The population of groundwater users within a 4-mile radius of the site was estimated by
utilizing a topographic map house count and identifying the extent of the town water distribution
system. The extent of the Plymouth City and Washington County water system was determined by
·referring to Figure 3 of the Greenhorne and O'Mara Phase II SSI Report for Georgia-Pacific
Hardwood Sawmill. The water lines were then superimposed on the Weyerhauser site topo map
(Fig. 1) and the residences without access to the system were counted as private well users. This
was accomplished by a topographic map house count combined with a windshield survey within the
1-mile distance ring. The nearest groundwater residence was identified as the Johnson residence,
located approx. 1.1 mile south. According to the 1990 census, there are 2. 72 persons persons per
household in Washington County and 2.66 persons per household in Martin County. Because the
4-mile site radius covers both counties, both figures were used to determine groundwater population.
The population of groundwater users at the Weyerhauser site was determined by dividing the total
number of employees by the percentage of wells within each distance ring. The number of people
served by the city water system(4119 city; 1850 county) was added to the groundwater user
population within the 2-3 mile distance ring as this is where the wells are located. No community
wells other than the Plymouth city wells were identified by the NC Public Water Supply System
database.
Attachment.
Distance Ring
0 -1/4 mi.
1/4 -1/2
1/2 - 1
1 - 2
2-3
3-4
Total
Groundwater Pop.
178
356
1067
55
6394
683
8733
r~~: ~-; -..-?_:-.. -... .,i~''.'', >. -·. 11111 __ " 11B · .. -~ -~e,.;. :~~-~-·. ~·----r --;-v PMMGRID STATE N,C, F'UBLJC WATER SUPPLY--SYSTEM
I\. '-....._;!__ ACTIVE· SYSTEMS (Z .. ,S) ~ GRID LATITUDE: 354806 / 355530)'t L..ONGITUDE: 0764230' / 0765100 '.c-
.06/07/95
) .~ · ·---•'.~ ·-;-~ °':Jr;~'{\__ -. ..-;_. · -~ •·-~ -~_;: . -~ . . -.• 7'7.-, F:E?·_;fJ~[s·□N-.. ·:-~-:;_"!;_~~c;_~,.N--; -~---~:· SOUFitE, SOUF:CE T--~ ~-. • • _~:;~.
PWS I!) SYSTEM ;NAME"'.;'<'<'.:_. , • ~-•. ,: ",TYPE PDPULATim). WORK ,PHONE SOURCE, NAME.:·· ... ; <JXP.(, .AVAIL. _ LATITUDE~LD~~ITUDE .. : : ...,,:: •.• (:
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. •• • • O!-;. ~; r. ~~~~::':~~~~f:°...-j~:5:1 ~}1~~-.:· ( .. ., ~ ., ., .. ·~4.;,.,, ... ...., ~ .· • l~--..., ..... .!7:i ~-'"'1-,_.::,: .. ,.~ ... ,,, ..... ~u t-.'.lfi. ..... J-•· .. .,,. ··--""'---t.""'~J :n~i.>"-'f-.,...,,.,:,~.:-... ,.-,1,1~.::.,.~.,.t»cA..:,,~, •• ;i,4••.1),.. ..... .$1 ~--•• .... ~ •~,,.!:¾,-. •r.t . • -· _. ,.:.:__:..-•• .-~"-~ • .:.! ~~<;;fl't> _,,·~•-\' ~•..,,1;~ r:;..,_ .;;-_ -tA'-ffij,~'-.[fi.'?f." if.,),i;f}~:}j_l(",1'~-t., . ._ ~ .:----,· ,• i.S"'.f,1--!::.;~ • ••:(r'.i~·'l.'i_,e.;. ,. ~. • .... ~:·: t,_· -• £+;, "'• ;"~'{ ).' i-~_,• .'-'-t, • • ~ ', "' ; '.r; I,, .l..~ -;•: .• ; ;: , .... ~~· f( : ~: .• ;;iJlilt:;:~\ ~4}lfiJP{c:: :~ ,:::.~;:i~~~l·'-,::2r \·:;1,: : . . ;/)~ :f I~t:
(
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Ref. 36
· f'lyr><o,v/1-.. ?r-1yvc 4 9 / 'i ·J~;J.,-"'f ;:J ;;;_ T
{;) r-1 / hL fl t1Wt II-71 3 -'i '-I b c,
c rr I I t' f ro I.A ,-v ,ud r1-~y, I/; /,.v_:;
: . HAROLD F. IV1cC11R::iU~i, Jll ... (Y/0/4/4-. IIUSINt.SS llE\'l:LOl'fvlf:l·ff MMiAGEli
HYDRO[OGIC91NC
i)_C BOX 18029
N::,,:r:vn_LE. NC 288l4·0G2S,
(,;:~!CE: 70-1-254-5 i GJ
IOU. i:REE: 800-231-dSB~l
I~? I.Y1,':;\i~ srnt~T
1\SHF.IJl(lE, ;,;C W301
iA<:)04,-252·9711
liOi'!lE: i'01l-667:88_5U
RECEIVED
MAY 111995
SU PE RFU ND SECTION
DDl'!l □l?®DDOD\l@Dil~ TI~ ~DD®®l?~®ir~frmru ' .
' .• 1/J' ..
t,• .;:tr•;-.•~-\"'•, •;t ~ ,1;, ,.~ ,'}It:"',~ rfi ~1;, ,'' -1.,;.,," •,;,-:-~-/•' e't-· .• ',~• • .';·'',':'. ,! •,• ••'•:·,''f'•, .,..•.,,.\~ ( • ·,·•,, '· .., .-,~1•';t;'r~~;,.,.,1.¥•:~~y ... -~ .... > .. t. ,..,~r.~•,·~•P'-~ ~ -~,, ,., ,,,.··r\o .. ~ !'1~~-:.---1,,,-\(•-':1~ > i-.,•""\ .1•,,,.,~~•f~ .. ,, ,. ~ . .. ., ·.., ..,,-1.,, lli ;Jj.~~fif!:i'~~w~[.,;;<~t1~"..'~W )tf~ '$f i;_"J;·•, \. ~ \. -..:. ·, . ' . "'"M. "'~~· • .-:+i:;i{ ..• ,/ "f' I.\. ''" • l '." '• i~"' ,"-'I;.>',,:,"' ~ lw~" C '~·>" 1~-{' ·t·.x.~~!k.iGS:. ' .. ,J,<;{ / fr, . __
.0. BOX 7085, 114 OAKMONT DRIVE · PHONE [phone]
.: 'll!;.E;:~~J.s, N.C. 278,!§:?Q!!~ ....... "'-'-----•-'-· ~~~;~~IC ~~~c~· -~~;~;;--~~~:"'=·~-...£~J!!.W) ]56-Q~~
-... -.. - -. . .. -. .· . . . .. .. . .. ,. ... ' . . . . . . •· . ---····· ... -.. -----,. ---. .
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LABORA'fORY ID# 1 37715
WA'rER SYSTEM ID# 1 04-94-010
NAME OF SYSTEM, TOWN OF PLYMOUTH
SYSTEM TYPE, (E) (E=ENTRY POINT;
COUN'l'Y: WASHINGTON
SgSPECIAL; W=SOURCE) .,
TIME:',' 08, 10 AM·''7 / _.,, / .-'.
RECEIVED
MAY 1 '11995 COLLECTED ON: 01/10/95
LOCATION WHERE COLLECTED:
LOCATION/SOURCE CODE, 001
809 WASHINGTON STREET ( WJ\TER fLANT) .·
COlJ..ECTED BY, .. WILLIE C. DAVIS SUPERFUND SECTION 1
MAIL RESULTS TO:
TOWN OF PLYMOUTH
P.O. BOX 806
PLYMOU~'H, NC 27962
TELEPHONE, [phone]
TYPE or SYSTEM
( X ).-COMMUNITY
.( ··l' NTNC
() NON-COMMUNITY
( ) PRIVA~E
WATER SOURCE
( X l.. GROUND ~. , ..
( ) SURFACE
-.• -,.-·· . ,---·--.. --·-· -··-----.... --·· -··-•--·-··--·-· ·······-···-· -----·. -------
CONTAM METHOD ALLOW II
( ) PURCHASED ., -~-~ ·-·-·• -~-. --; --y-~,--·-
•rYPE OF TREATMEN1'
( ) NONE
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CODE NAME CODE RESULTS LIMITS II
-----------------------------------------------------11
1055 ARSENIC, mg/1 125 <0,010 0.050 II
1010 BARIUM, mg/1 125 <0.100 2,000 II
1015 CADMIUM, mg/1 125 <0.001 0,005 II
1020 CHROMIUM, mg/1 125 <0.005 0.100 II
1024 CYANIDE, mg/1 . 148 <0.005 0.100 II
1025 FLUORIDE, mg/1 107 0, 74 4.000 II
1028 IRON, mg/1 101 0.013 0, 300 II
1032 MANGANESE, mg/1 101 <0.010 0.050 II
1035 MERCURY, mg/1 103 <0.0002 0.002 II
1036 NICKEL, mg/1 101 <0.010 0.100 II
1045 SELENIUM, mg/1 125 <0.010 0.050 II
1052 SODIUM, mg/1 101 298.0 N/A II
(X) CHLORINATED
( ) FLUORIDATED
( ) FIL'fERED
( ) ALUM
( ) LIME
( ) SODA ASH
( ) CAUSTIC
( ) WATER SOFTENER
( ) POTASSIUM PERMAN.
( ) P04, IRON CONTROL
( ) P04, MANG. CONTROL
( ) I'04, CORR. CONTROL
( ) OTHER, ____ _
1055 SULPATE, mg/1 137 37 N/A I:-=========
1074 ANTIMONY, mg/1 125 <0.0012 0.006 II
1075 BERYLLIUM, mg/1 125 <0.0001 0:004 II
1085 THALLIUM, mg/1 125 <0.001 0.002 II
1925 pH, Units 135 7. 7 G 6.5 II
II
II
l
LABORATORY NO'fE
A result preceded by the 'less
than' symbol must be less than
the standard or QC used which
must be one-fifth (1/5) of the
allowable limit.
( ) SAMPLE UNSATISFAC'fORY · ( ) RESAMPLE REQUESTED
l te Analyses Begun,
te Analyses Completed,
01/10/95
01/24/95
Time Analyses Begun, 2,00 PM
Time Analyses Completed, 5,00 PM
Laboratory Log #: 8115-011095-001
tmments,
Certified By, DB
,,#0039
Laboratory Analyses_ -Environmental Corisultants . . . _ . _ . · . . ---·-...... ~-..... ~ ...... ______ ....... ..._ ~ ... -... -·~-~-~-l..A,,'""-----~· _____ .,......,;_....:.:..,l.<.,., __ .. ~ ... .1....l..i.-•·:-~-• ... --_.,...:;j., ... .:,,.~-~.,_ .. ..., ..... __ ....,.
. I -LABORATORY ID#, 37715
--.-'--WATEJR-SYSTEM·ID#c 04-'94-010. --,-·•-•· .. ' COUN'l'Y: WAflHINGTON
I NAHE OF SYSTEM, TOWN OF PLYMOUTH
, SAMPLE TYPE 1 ( E ) ( EmEN1'RY; S=SPECIAL)
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COLLEC'l'ED ON DATE, 01/17/95 (MM/DD/YY)
LOCATION WHERE COLLECTED,
TIME, 07, 10 AM(Hii,MM AM OR PM)
LOCATION/SOURCE CODE, 001 COLLECTED BY, WILLIE C. DAVIS
MAIL RESULTS ·ro,
TOWN OF PLYMOUTH
P.O. BOX 806
PLYMOUTH, NC 27962
TELEPHONE [phone]
TYPE OF SYSTEM
( X ) COMMUNITY
( ) N'rNC
( ) NON-COl!MlJNI'rY
( . ) PRIVATE
( X) GROUND
( ) SURFACE
( ) PURCHASED -~-----·--•·~---· .. ··~-'---~-
'fYPE TREATMENT,
( ) NONE
•=mmmm••am•m===•mm•m•moa:;aDacammaammmmmm~••mmma•ammmam••••mamm•I ( X) CHLORINATED
CONTAM
CODE NAME.
----------------. ---------
\,
1040 NITRATE, m9/l
' 1041 · NITRH'E, mg/1
) SAMPLE UNSATISFACTORY
DATE ANALYSIS BEGUN, 01-17-95
DA'l'E ANALYSIS COMPLETED, 01-18-95
LABORATORY LOG#, 8115-011795-001
METHOD
CODE ------
121
171
ALLOW. j ( ) FLUORIDATED
RESULTS LIMITS j ( ) FILTERED
----------------! ( ) ALUM
I ( )LIME
1.00 10.00 I ( . ) SODA ASH
I ( ) CAUSTIC
1.00 I ( ) WATER SOFTENER
I ( ) POTASSIUM PERMAN.
j ( ) P04, IRON CONTROL
I ( ) P04, HANG. CONTROL
I ( ) P04, CORR.CONTROL
I ( ) OTHER I ccc:ic:a===1::1==-===a:i.=;,,=ca:1mmc1:;1.c11:~ •
• ,.,fi'<••-'.. ,,;,-, .1 .... ~•. . ,,
) RESAHPLE REQUESTED
'l'IHE ANALYSIS BEGUN,02,00 PM
TIME ANALYSIS COHPLETED,05,00 PM
CERTU'IED BY, DB COMMENTS, __ ,_· _____________________________ _
. .
· Laboratory Analyses ...,. Environmental Consultants, · . , · . . · :
1.-,.!.,.:.-......,__ • ...........__ ___ ~ --·-···-···~---,. ... ·._..__~---., . .-. --~ •. ..__.........,.~~~--) . " •, ~~~ ... --. . .:...-....._ .....
lmiw~IT'®O\lDill®O\lO TI 9 ~O\l®®IT'~®[i'fflo®~
~~.'"::~;~ ·t,\.fJf.••·.·,. i:'~.'.1\·~~':'\.'lf'":;_;)'•.~;:'·;,t•'!':'t~)~~~-••, ': f;:_Jt-7ij. ~jflj~:i.f'I tr :,? )' ~n.v.:,,~ --4;-l·,~1-.• rn:. 1•f(. ~¥flti. :· ~ -~l~~ • '. " _►lj . . :~'.'. -\ < ~ : •
".'.. ,. •
0 j: • i • f :, • , : • f: ~; ,"": ; ) •: • ,:• i • ,,• • :.r:' ~•1:. ·-~~,,; \:•/•:fJ~ '::: ,~•,~;~\~• ~:: ;:;:.:1,¥/: ;:::\", ', :•• ,,,:' > < ~:~ '•> : , • ' ' '1 < Zi&~~:~. ~-... ,,'-$~1-\fJ~~ll it,· )\: ~7\1':;,>';1';';►'::~i:.,,_!!'f'tr•\'f1Ut,fffi,tJ:.. ~~-r}tf?~~~~"l1i, )! • .-:~ah, ~t;,'f ~t,t>'g'-~1'\¢~~Wiii"..;.k:.il~~,;;,~vf~~ .;~g~., ·~t:/i' ... ~/l •.• i:1 ••• •'-·.;.:.~---~~--L>.1.
P.O. BOX 7085, 114 OAKMONT DRIVE PHONE [phone] . f B!f;/l~LI;, ~-<; _?_78~§::70~.§.....,__° ... ~_, ____ --···· _., --~-.;.;-,.•~--~....-...L_;;,-:.:.;..,.c:. .. ,"'->L..,..,.~,,~...,_-~ .. .Ll~ (~]t3).?~-~~
PESTICIDES AND SYNTHETIC ORGANIC CHEMICALS.
I
LABORATORY ID#: 37715 I WATER SYSTEM ID#, 04-94-010
NAME OF SYSTEM: TOWN OF PLYMOUTH
( j
COUNTY, WASHINGTON
RECEIVED
MAY 111995
.SYSTEM TYPE, ( E ) (EmEntry Point; S Special)
I COLLECTED ON, 10/19/93 (MM/DD/YY) TIME: 8:00 AM(HH:MM AM or PH
LOCATION WHERE COLLECTED, ... 809 .. WASHINGTON STREET, ,-_WATER. PLANT. ---·-·-
LOCATION/SOURCE CODE: 001 COLLECTED BY, JOHN W. CARROLL
SUPERFUNO SECT/ON
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MAIL RESULTS TO,
TOWN OF PLYMOUTH
P.O. BOX 806
PLYMOUTH, NC 27962
TYPE OF SYS'l'EM
( X) COMMUNITY
( ) NTNC
( ) NON-COMMUNITY
( ) PRIVATE
WATER SOURCE
( X) GROUND
-
i
I :::::::.~:~:~_::::::::amaaau•••==•=••=••==•••=•••lmmalm~;~~~==•=••=••=m==m••••••••••
NOT
I CONTAM METH. DETECT. DETEC. QUAN'f. ALLOW. REGULATED(R)
CODE CONTAMINATE CODE LIMITS (X) RESUL'l'S LIMITS UNREGULATED(U)
---------------------------------------------------------.. 2005 Endrin, mg/1 . 204 0.00001 X 0.002 R I 2010 Lindane, mg/1 204 0.00002 X 0.0002 R
2015 Hethoxychlor, mg/1 204 0.0001 X 0.04 R
2020 Toxaphene, mg/1 204 0.001 X 0.003 R
I 2021 .. . Carbary!, mg/1 _ --235. __ . 0. 00073 . .x ... ---.. ,. ¥,,-.,.;._ ... N/A ,.u ,, i:.,
2022 Hethomyl, mg/1 235 0.00016 X N/A u
2031 Dalapon, mg/1 203 0.001 X 0.2 ·U
I 2032 Diquat, mg/1 242 0.0004 X 0.02 u
2033 Endothall, mg/1 241 0.009 X 0.1 u
2034 Glyphosate, mg/1 240 0.006 X 0.7 u
I 2035 Di-2(ethylhexyl)adipate, mg/1 206 0.0006 X 0.2 u
2036 Oxamyl (vydate), mg/1 235 0.002 X 0.07 R
2037 Simazine, mg/1 207 0.00007 X 0.004 u
2040 Picloram, mg/1 203 0.0001 X 0.5 u
I 2041 Dinoseb, mg/1 203 0.0002 X 0.007 u
2042 Hexachlorocyclopentadiene, mg/1 204 0.0001 X 0.05 u
2043 Aldicarb Sulfoxide, mg/1 235 0.0005 X 0.004 R
I 2044 Aldicarb Sulfone, mg/1 235 0.0008 X 0.003 R
2045 Metolachlor, mg/1 207 0.00036 X N/A u
·• ........
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PESTICIDES AND SYN'fHETIC ORGANIC CHEMICALS(continued)
LABORATORY ID#: 37715
COLLECTION DATE, 10/19/93
WATER SYSTEM ID#, 04-94-010
LOCATION/SOURCE CODE, 001
NOT I CONTAM
CODE CONTAMINATE
HETH.
CODE
DETECT.
LIHrrs
DETEC.
(X)
. QUANT.
RESULTS
ALLOW. REGULATED(R)
LIMITS UNREGULATED ( l•
I 2046
2047
I 2050
2051
2063
2065
I 2066
2067
I
2070
2076
2077
2105
2110
I 2274
2298
2306
I 2326
2356
2383
2440 ·1 2595
2931
2946 I 2959
I
Carbofuran, mg/1
Aldicarb, mg/1
Atrazine, mg/1
Alachlor, mg/1
2,3,7,8-TCDD(Dioxin), mg/1
Heptachlor, mg/1
3-Hydroxycarbofuran, mg/1
Heptachlor Epoxide, mg/1
Dieldrin, mg/1
Butachlor, mg/1
Propachlor, mg/1
2,4-D, mg/1
2,4,5-TP (Silvex), mg/1
Hexachlorobenzene, mg/1
Di-2(ethyhexyl)phathalate, mg/1
Benzo(a)pyrene, mg/1
Pentachlorophenol, mg/1
Aldrin, mg/1
PCB's, mg/1
Dicamba, mg/1
Hetribuzin, mg/1
DBCP, mg/1
Ethylene Dibromide (EDB), mg/1
·Chlordane, mg/ l
) SAMPLE UNSATISFACTORY
I Date Analyses Begun, 10/19/93
Date Analyses Completed, 01/17/94
235
235
207
204
250
204
235
204
204
207
207
203
203
204
206
243
203
204
204
203
207
219
219
204
0.0008
0.0005
0.0001
0.00002
5.00E-09
0.00004
0.00063
0.00004
0.000008
0.0037
0.0027
0.0001
0.0002
0.0001
0.0006
0.00002
0.00004
0.00002
0.0001
0.00030
0.00039
0.00002
0.00001
0.0002
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
0.04 R
0.003 R
0.003 R
0.002 R
3.0E-08 U
0.0004 R
N/A U
0.0002 R
N/A U
N/A U
N/A U
0.07 R
0.05 R
0.001 U
0.006 U
0.0002 U
0.001 R
N/A U
0.001 R
N/A U
NIA U
0.0002 R
0.00005 R
0.002 R
RESAMPLE REQUESTED
Time Analyses Begun,
Time Analyses Completed,
Certified By, DB
3:00 PH
4:00 PH
I Laboratory Log # 8115-101993-001
Comments, Contaminant codes 2032, 2105, & 2033 by
When analyzed, contaminant code 2063 by
laboratory #18700.
laboratory #37747.
;
Fonl 0039 --~~· .--..i. .. :: :.....:....,._ ~~ ..... ':8boratory Analys~~,-; Jn~(ro.nmti.nfa!:.sen,s,~((~!"t~' :,,,' -~-~ ';. :,'.,, :,, • ,.~ •• ~ • ' ,.. .~;;, /
/
~ . ' ,lrnw □D'®DD[n]]@oofr TI 9 ~rn®®D'~®D'®fr@~
.: · ... ~•S~:~ycs~:~--g~l;A ;@):,K:fa1.~aff!..'.:%f!f';~5i.Jtitu.::}·ci~~"~. : . :-~\:~;,., • · ,; .. 'i _, . ·· .. ~. '~,~ :µ •. -.. ~i: 11•/· :1 ..... :J:i,.., '.t~:2.. .. 1 •.•• ~-~-••·• ~ _:,;~ ..
P.O. BOX 7085, 114 OAKMONT DRIVE -· PHONE [phone] ·-i-!IJW!i..t,!_v.m• ~.c. 2m3s-zga5· --,· ..•. _. : ·-. :,· ,.,.1:,_,.,:.....::'.::::.:.:...::~='.:.::'.:...'..:.::'".:.:.~_FA)(_:_(~1.~).1§§.:Q~~-
8115 VOLATILE ORGANIC CHlliICALS
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(VOC's)
LABORATORY ID#, 37715.
WATER SYSTEM ID#r 04-94-010 COUNTY, WASHINGTON
NAHE OE' SYSTEM, TOWN OF PLYMOUTH
SYS'I'EH 'l'YPE, ( E ) (E=Entry Point; s~special; WaSource)
COLLEC'l'ED ON, 06114194 (HHIDDIYY) · TIME, 08,00 AH(HH,HM AM or PH)
LOCA'rION WHERE COLLECTED, 809 WASHING'l'ON ST -WATER PLANT
LOCATION/SOURCE CODE, 001 COLLECTED BY, JOHN CANSILL
HAIL RESULTS '£0,
'I-OWN OF PL YHOU'rH
806 BOX
'l'YPE OF SYSTEM
( X) COMMUNITY
( ) NTNC
( ) NON-COI-IMUNI'l'Y
I PLYHOll'rH, N. c. 27962
( ) PRIVA'l'E
'l'YPE TREA'rMENT
( ) NON-CHLOHINA'rED
( X ) CHLORINATED
NOT
'-1--:=~~~E, [phone]
CON'rAM I METHOD DETECTION DETECTED QUANTIFIED ALLOW. REGULATED
CODE CON'rAHINATE CODE LIMITS ( X) RESUL'l'S LIMITS ( R, U) ---------------
2030 p-Isopropyltoluene, mgll 217 0.0005 X NIA u
I 2210 Chloromethane, mgll 217 0.0005 X
2212 DCDfluormethane, .mg/1 217 0.0005 X
NIA u
Nii\ u
2214 Bromomethane, mg/1 217 0.0005 X NIA u
I 2216 Chloroethane, mg/1 217 0.0005 X
2218 Fluorotrichloromethane, 1r,g 11 217 0.0005 X
2246 Hexachlorobutadiene, mg/1 217 0.0005 X
N/A u
N/A u
N/A u
I 2248 Naphthalene, mg/1 217 0.0005 X
2378 1,2,4-TChlorobenzene, mg/1 217 0.0005 X
2380 c-1,2-DChloroethylene, mg/1 217 0.0005 X
N/A u
0.07 R
0.07 I{
2408 Dibromomethane, mgll 217 0.0005 X NIA u
I 2410 1,1-Dichloropropene, mgll 217 0.0005 X
2412 1,3-Dichloropropane, mg/1 217 0.0005 X
N/A u
N/A u
2413 1,3-Dichloropropene, mg/1 217 0.0005 X NIA u
I 2414 1,2,3-TCt.loropropane, mg/1 217 0.0005 X
2416 2,2-Dichloropropane, mgll 217 0.0005 X
2418 1,2,4-THethylbenzene, mgll 2n 0.0005 X
N/A u
N/A u
N/A u
2i.20 1,2,3-TChlorobenzene, mg/1 217 0.0005 X
I 2422 n-Butylbcnzene, mg/1 217 0.0005 X
2424 1, 3, 5-TM.Bcnze_ne, mg/ 1 217 0.0005 X
N/A u
N/A u
NIA u
2426 tert-Butylbenzene, mgll 217 0.0005 X NIA u
I 2-:128 sec-Butylbenzene, mgll I 217 0.0005 X
2-:130 Bromochloromethane, mg/1 217 0.0005 X
NIA u
N/A u
2941 Chlorofonn, mg/1 217 0.0005 X A u
I 2492 Bromoforn,, mg/1 217 0.0005 0.0160_ NIA u
,,-• :)'. ·r,r•• <'; .-t~~!~t0;!¥,;,f.t~~Zi8~4~W,j~p.~~!~i~V.Wt~t!:~·t~~~~~:.~. ,_ '. .1.~~1,.~--'•~-"
Continued on Page 2 •...•
·•
h , lllil\'!10 []'@[j[)mi]@[j[]fr TI p ~ O[] © ® []'~®[]'~fr@ ~
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LABORATORY ID#, 37715
COLLEC'rION DA1'E: 06/14/94
CONTAM
CODE CON'fAHINATE
2943 BDChloromet.hane, 111g1l
2944 CDBromomet.hane, mg/1
2955 Xylenes (Total), mg/1
2964 Dichloromet.hane, mg/1
2965 o~Chlorotoluene, mg/1
2966 p-Chlorotoluene, mg/1
2967 . m-Dichlorobenzene, mg/1
■ 2968 o-Dichlorobenzene, mg/1
~,_a---2-%9-p•D1ctr1010be11ze11e, mg/ 1·
2976 Vinyl Chloride, mg/1
2977 1,1-DCEt.t,ylene, mg/1
2978 1,1-DCEthane, mg/1
2979 t-1,2-DCEthylene, mg/1 I
2980 1, 2-Dichloroet.hane, mg/1
2981 1,1,l-TCEt.hane, mg/1
2982 Carbon Tetrachloride,, mg/1 I
2983 1,2-Dichloropropane, mg/1
2984 •rrichloroet.hylene, mg/ l
2985 1,1,2-TCEthane, mg/1
2986 .1,1,1,2-TCEtharie, mg/1 I
2987 TChloroethylene, mg/1
1••"·2988 ·1,1,2,2-TCEt.hane, mg/1
2989 Chlorobenzene,mg/1
2990 · Benzene, mg/1
I 2991 Toluene, mg/1
· 2992 Et.hylbenzene, mg/1
2993 Bromobenzene, mg/1
2996 Styrene, mg/1 I 2994 Isopropylbenzene, mg/1
·· · · · 2998 ·n..:Propylbenzene, mg/ 1
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) SAMPLE UNSATISFACTORY·
Date Analyses Begun, 06-14-94
Date Analyses Completed, 06-27-94
· · · .... _Laboratory Log # 8115-061494-001 I Comments,
L
NOT
WATER SYSTEM ID#, 04-94-010
LOCATION/SOURCE CODE: 001
HETHOD DE'fECTION DE'fEC'l'ED QUAN'fIE'ICD ALLOW. REGULATED
CODE LIMITS (X) . RESUL'fS LlMI'fS (R,U) ·------
217
217
217
217
217
217
217
217
211
217
217
217
217
217
217
217
217
217
217
217
217
217
217
217
217
217
217
217
217
·217
----------
0.0005
0.0005
0.0005
\0.0005
· 0.0005
0.0005
0.0005
0.0005
0.0005
0.0005
0.0005
0.0005
0.0005
0.0005
0.0005
0.0005
0.0005
0.0005
0.0005
0.0005
0.0005
0.0005
0.0005
0.0005
0.0005
0.0005
'0.0005
0.0005
·0.0005
0.0005·
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X ·x
0.0011
0.0048
RESAHPLE REQUES'I'ED
'fime Analyses Begun:
------
N/A u
A u
10 R
0.005 R
NIA u
N/A u
N/A u
0.6 R
0.«n~ H
0.002 R
0.007 R
N/A u
0. 1 R
0.005 R
0.2 R
0.005 R
0.005 R
0.005 R
0.005 R
NIA u
0.005 R
N/A u
0.1 R
0.005 R
1 R
0.7 R
N/A u
N/A u
0.1 H ·, N/A u
Time Analyses Completed,
3,00 PM
4100 PM
Certified By, DB
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Site Name:
Site Number:
Site Location:
Date:
Ref 37
Weyerhauser Co./Plymouth
NCD 991 278 540
Plymouth, Washington County, N.C.
Latitude: 35 51 47.0
Longitude: 76 46 46.5
June 06, 1995
Calculation Results
Distance from Population
Site Location Per Ring Cumulative
Number of Households
Per Ring Cumulative
0 to 1/4 mile 1 1 0 0
> 1/4 to 1/2 mile 4 5 0 0
> 1/2 to 1 mile 45 50 16 16
>l to 2 miles 2,805 2,855 1,181 1,197
>2 to 3 miles 2,567 5,422 . 960 2,157
>3 to 4 miles 1,244 6,666 428 2,585
Note: The populations and number of households within specified target distance rings were
calculated for the NC Superfund Section by the NC State Center for Geographic Information and
Analysis using the 1990 US Census data. These values were calculated by summing the
population and the number of households data for each census block located within each target
ring. For census blocks lying only partially within the ring, the per cent area of the block within
the ring was multiplied by the population and household densities of the block.
Ref. 38
NUS CORPORATION AND Sl TELECON NOTE
., .. --. , . ' -
CONTROL NO. DATE: July 19, 1990 TIME: 9:45
DISTRIBUTION:
Georgia Pacific Hardwood Sawmill
NCD00813S92
TDD No. F4-8909-89
BETWEEN: Mr. Long OF: Washington County Water PHONE: [phone]
Department
AND: Lou,s McAdams, NUS Corporatio~ ~ m 9t
. . .__
DISCUSSION: V
Subject: Extent of water service in the Plymouth area -
Service from Plymouth includes: East on N 0 to Socona Church, east on Highway 64 past Macedonia to State
Road 1319 to Pleasant Grove; south on 1ghway 32 to Sawyers Trailer Park approximately 0.5 mile from
Morantack Road (south); west on Highway.
Conni bay Creek Walkway is OfF-_.llankin Lane in the city of Plymouth, Boy Scout Nature Trail sponsored by the
city.
No surface water intakes are located on the Roanoke at or east of the city, and none are on the Albemarle Sound
that he recalls; the Sound is brackish and salt water.
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To: File
From: G.Doug Rumford~
Date: 6/26/95
Subject: Weyerhauser Co.-Plymouth
Plymouth, Martin County, NC
NCD 991 278 540
Ref 39
Memorandum
Wetlands, Critical Habitats, and Residential Population
On this day, I reviewed the critical habitats inventory maps maintained by the NC Natural
Heritage Program (NCNHP). One critical habitat was identified along the 15-mile site surface water
pathway. The habitat of the Tidewater Muckel (Lampsilis ochracea), a freshwater mollusk
classified by the State as being of Special Concern, is located in the Roanoke River approximately
6.5 miles downstream of PPE #2 -Former Weyerhauser discharge to Welch Cr.
Huff Island has been identified as a breeding ground for the State classified Significantly Rare
Henslow's Sparrow (Ammodramus henslowii), and a habitat for the Significantly Rare Black Bear
(Ursus americanus). The delta islands of the Roanoke River comprise the dedicated Federal Nature
Preserve of the Tidal Cypress Gum Swamps.
According to the topographic maps comprising the 4-mile site radius of the Weyerhauser
facility, almost the entire area north of the site is a wetland. This area, approximately 8000 acres,
was measured with a digital planimeter; the wetland acreage was not broken down per distance ring.
The nearest wetland, relative to the former chlorine production building is a 40 acre island located
in the Roanoke River 600 feet north. The total surface water pathway wetland frontage was
measured to be approx. 13.5 miles.
A total of 50 residents have been identified by CGIA as living within 1 mile of the site although
there were no households indicated within this distance. Visual observations of the area confirmed
that no residences are present within 1 mile of the site. Consequently, the 50 residents indicated
by CGIA have been disregarded as part of the population survey.
Attachment.
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1:.,.,, ~ .• ..... 'I'.
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2
LIST FORMAT
Species are grouped by major taxa. The vertebrates-are· arranged by class, beginning
with the most advanced phylogenetically (mammals). Within a given taxa, species are
listed alphabetically by scientific name. The following information is presented -
for each species on the list. "Status" is a word or phrase that indi7ates the .
degree of protection (if any), based on rarity, of a.species; "rank" 1.s a numerical
scale of the rarity of a species, regardless of legal protection.
Scientific Name.
Common Name. For most groups, these names are not standardized.
North Carolina Status. Endangered, Threatened, and special Concern species of
Mammals, Birds, Reptiles, Amphibians, Freshwater Fishes, and Freshwater and
Terrestrial Mollusks have legal protection statue in North Carolina (Wildlife
Resources Commission). In addition to the above categories, the Natural Heritage
Program maintains computer and map files on Significantly Rare, Vulnerable, and
Undetermined status species, as well as species considered Extirpated. Paper files
only are maintained for some of the above species; these species are indicated by
the phrase "not tracking."
STATUS STATUS
CODE
E Endangered
T Threatened
SC Special
Concern
DEFINITION
"Any native or once-native species of wlld animal whose
continued existence as a viable component ·of the State's
fauna is determined by the Wildlife Resources Commission
to be in jeopardy or any species of wild animal
determined to be an 'endangered species' pursuant to the
Endangered Species Act." (Article 25 of Chapter 113 of
the General Statutes; 1987).
"Any native or once-native species of wild animal which
is likely to become an endangered species within the
foreseeable futur~ throughout all or a significant
portion of its range, or one that is designated as a
threatened species pursuant to the Endangered Species
Act." (Article 25 of Chapter 113 of the General
Statutes; 1987).
"Any species of wild animal native or once-native to
North Carolina which is determined by the Wildlife
Resources Commission to require monitoring but which may
be taken under regulations adopted under the provisions
of this Article." (Article 25 of Chapter 113 of the
General Statutes; 1987).
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Significantly
Rare
Extirpated
Watch List
Any species which has not been listed by the N.C.
Wildlife Resources Commission as an Endangered,
Threatened, or Special Concern species, but which exists
in the state in small numbers and has been determined by
the N.C. Natural Heritage Program to need monitoring.
(This is a N.C. Natural Heritage Program designation.)
Significantly Rare species include "peripheral" species,
whereby North Carolina lies at the periphery of the
species' range (such as Purple Gallinule). The
designation also includes marine and estuarine fishes
identified as "Vulnerable" by the N.C. State Museum of
Biological Sciences (Ross et al., 1988, Endangered,
Threatened, and Rare Fauna of North Carolina. Part II.
A Re evaluation of the Marine and Estuarine Fishes).
Also included in the Significantly Rare designation are
species formerly listed by the Natural Heritage Program
(1991) as "Undetermined". "Undetermined" species are
those that are secretive or are otherwise poorly known in
North Carolina, which the Natural Heritage Program
believes are rare and should be monitored.
A species which is no longer believed to occur in the
state.
Any other species believed to be of conservation concern
in the state because of scarcity, declining populations,
threats to populations, ·or inadequacy of information to
assess its rarity (see Page 33 for a more complete
discussion). ·
Species is a game animal, and therefore (by law) cannot
be listed for state protection as E, T, or sc.
Species proposed for Endangered status, but not adopted
by the Wildlife Resources Commission; species is
protected from taking.
Species proposed for Special Concern status, but not
adopted by the Wildlife Resources Commission; species is
protected from taking.
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Natural Heritage Pr-ogrea List of the Rare Aniaals of North CoroUna
Scientific Name
Province: Habitat
Conrnon Name
Tadarida brasiliensis Brazilian Free-tailed Bat·
C: roosts in buildings end other man-made structures
Trichechus manatus ~est Indian Manatee
T: warm waters of estuaries and river mouths
Ursus americanus Black Bear
MC: extensive montane forests; pocosins, swalll)S
BIRDS
Accipiter cooperii Cooper's Hawk
MPC: forests and woodlands (for nesting)
[breeding evidence only]
Accipiter gentilis Northern Goshawk
M: extensive, remote forests, mainly et high
elevations (for nesting)
[breeding evidence only]
Accipiter striatus Sherp-shiMed Hawk
MP: forests end woodlands (for nesting)
[breeding evidence only]
Aegolius ecedicus Northern Sew-whet Owl
M: spruce-fir forests or mixed hardwood/
spruce forests (for nesting)
[breeding season only]
Aimophile eestivelis Bechman's Sparrow
CP: open longleef pine forests, old fields
[breeding season only]
Arrrnodrerrus henslowii Henslow's Sparrow
C: clearcut pocosins end other de111J weedy fields
[breeding season only]
Anhinge anhinge Anhinge,
C: wooded lakes or ponds, or open swerrps
(for nesting)
(breeding evidence only]
Aquila chryseetos Golden Eagle
MC: extensive open country; formerly nested on cliffs
[regular wintering or SUffllering sites]
BOtaurus lentiginosus American Bittern
CT: fresh or brackish marshes
[breeding season only]
Ca~philus principal is Ivory-billed Woodpecker
C: swarrps with mature tirrber
[not tracking; presl.lned extirpated in USA]
Catharus guttatus Hermit Thrush
M: spruce-fir forests (for nesting)
[breeding season only]
Charadrius melodus Piping Plover
T: ocean beaches and island-end flats
[breeding evidence only]
Chondestes granmacus Lark Sparrow
C: barren, sandy fields with scattered saplings in
the sandhills region
[breeding season only]
Circus cyaneus
T: extensive brackish marshes (for nesting)
[breeding evidence only]
Coccyzus erythropthalrrus
M: deciduous forests, mainly at higher elevations
[breeding season and habitat only]
Colln'Cina passerina
T: dunes, sandy fields, margins of maritime
woods and thickets
[breeding season only]
Contopus borealis
M: montane conifer forests (mainly spruce-fir)
with openings or deed trees
_[breeding season only]
Northern Harri er
Black-billed Cuckoo
Cocrmon Ground-Dove
Olive-sided Flycatcher
Status
N.C. U.S.
SC
E
SR*
SC
SR
SR
SC
SC
SR
SR
SR
SR
E
SR
T
SR
SR
SR
SR
SC
E
C2
C2
C2
E
T
,,
Rank
N.C. Global
SUB,S2N GS
S1N G2?
S3 GS
S2B,S3N G4
SUB,SZN G4
S2B,S4N GS
S2B,SZN GS
S3B,S2N G3
S2B,S1N G4
S2B,SZN GS
SXB?,S1N G4
S1B,S3N G4
sx G1
S1B,SSN GS
S2B,S2N G3
S1B,SZN GS
S1B,S4N GS
S28,SZN GS
S1B,S1N GS
S1B,SZN GS
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Natural Heritage Prograa List of the Rare Animls of North Carolina Scientific Name
Province: Habitat
masoni Fusconaia
CP: most Atlantic drainages,
and upper Coastal Plain; in lower Coastal Plain
in lower Piednont
also in Black River
Larrpsi l is
PC:
cariosa
a nlilber of
Fall Line
LB"l)Silis conspicuus
river systems; mainly near the
P: Neuse, Flat, and upper Pee Dee rivers Larrpsilis crocata
C: Lake Waccamaw and vicinity; possibly Orton
Por<l
Larrpsilis fascicle
M: French Broad, Pigeon, and Little Tennessee rivers; currently known only in last river LalJl)silis fullerkati
C: Lake Waccamaw and vicinity (endemic to North Carolina and adjacent South Carolina) Larrpsilis ochracea
CP: a nllmer of systems, primarily in the Coastal Plain; abundant in Lake Waccamaw Larrpsilis radiata
CP: a nU'lber of river systems
Larrpsilis, new species? (sp. 1)
P: Deep River
Lasmigona deCorata
P: Catawba and Pee Dee drainages in Union and Mecklenburg counties (endemic to this-area and adjac"ent South Carolina)
Lasmigona holstonia
M: Watauga River; formerly in Valley Creek in Cherokee County
Lasmigona subviridus
CPM: Tar, Neuse, and Cape Fear systems downstate; New and Watauga systems in mountains Leptodea ochracea (see Larrpsilis)
Li91.1J1ia nasuta
C: Chowan, Roanoke, and Pamlico systems Pegias tabula
M: Little Tennessee River; formerly in Valley River in Cherokee County Strophitus undulatus
P: Tar, Neuse, Cape Fear, and Pee Dee Systems, perhaps other systems in Piednont Toxolasma pul lus
PC: a nU'lber of Atlantic drainages, most nunerous in University Lake near Chapel Hill Tritogonia verrucosa
M: New River near the Virginia border Villosa constricta
PC: most Atlantic drainages, mainly in lower Piednont
Villosa delurbis
PC: most Atlantic drainages
Villosa nebulosa
M: French Broad, Hiwassee, and Little Tennessee rivers; currently only known in the state from the lest river
Vi llosa
M:
Vil losa
P:
vanuxemensis
French Broad and Hiwassee systems
vaughaniane
Pee Dee system (endemic to North Caroline and adjacent South Carolina)
Coomon Name
Atlantic Pigtoe
Yellow Larrp,ussel
Waccamaw LBITpllJssel
Wavy-rayed Laq:rTlJssel
Waccamaw Fatmucket
Tidewater Mu·cket
Eastern Larrptl.lssel
a bivalve
Carolina Heelsplitter
Tennessee Heelsplitter
Green Floater
Eastern Poncirussel
Little-wing Peerlymussel
Squawfoot
Savannah Lilliput
Pistolgrip
Notched Rainbow
Eastern Creekshell
Alabama Rainbow
Mountain Creekshell
Carolina Creekshell
Status
N.C. U.S.
Rank
N.C. Global
T
T
SR
SC
SC
T
SC
SC
SR
E
E
E
SC
E
T
T
E
SR
SR
SC
T
SC
C2 Sl G2
C2 Sl G4
SU G1G2Q
S2 GlQ
(GU)
S2 G4
C2 Sl Gl
S2 G4
S2 GS
(G4)
SU G1G2Q
PE S1 Gl
C2 , S1 G2
C2 Sl G4
(G3)
S2 G4
CG3)
E S1 G1
S2 GS
(G4)
C2 S2 G3
Sl G4
S3? G4
S3? G3G4
S2 G3
Sl G4
S2 G3
19
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To: File
From: G.Doug Rumford @
Date: 6/26/95
Subject: Weyerhauser Co.-Plymouth
Plymouth, Martin County, NC
NCD 991 278 540
Surface Water Pathway Flow Rates
Ref 40
Memorandum
The average annual flow rate for the Roanoke River, 8900 els, was taken directly from the
text of USGS Water Supply Paper 2221. The drainage area for Welch Creek was not published in
USGS Open-File Report 83-211, therefore, a digital planimeter was used to estimate the creeks'
drainage area as 10.4 square miles. Using the mean annual runoff at the site obtained from Water
Resources Report 88-4094, the flow rate of Welch Creek was determined;
Attachment.
Drainage Area x runoff / 13.58 = els
10.4 sq.mi. x 15 in/yr/ 13.58 = 11.5 els
U.S. Geological Survey
·._ '·•___..~,.P\_iI~
' .. ,,.;,.-, ...
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Prepared iu cooperation w;tt, the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
"I
.... ,_:·~f. ... ,,,•
'" j /< /
Water-Resources ln~~stigations Report 88-409~,
(.)1:,-::-,.,.,,,, s,,,,,,,p
. ,__ ' "'---~(
·==d--1
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-
sions that the methods that used the area-weighted
average of the. drainage area or the centroid of the
drainage area produced somewhat better correlations-
that is, the interecept was closer to zero, the standard
errors were small, and the correlation coefficients were
larger. These methods have slightly greater power to
predict actual runoff
Additional statistical investigation found no significant
differences in reliability of the runoff estimates among
the areas. No significant differences existed in the errors
for stations with drainage areas of differing size.
USE OF MEAN ANNUAL RUNOFF MAP
Mean annual runoff for a site can be estimated from
the runoff map by several methods. The simplest
method of estimating the runoff is to locate the site on
the runoff map and to identify the runoff contour
. nearest the site. This method, however, is less accurate
than other methods. The most accurate method is to
draw the drainage basin on the runoff map, and use the
runoff contours to divide the basin into bands of differ-
ing runoff. The area of each of the bands within the
drainage basin is then determined. The areas of the
separate bands are then used to compute a weighted
average runoff for the basin. For example, if SO percent
of the basin is in an area of 18 in/yr (inches per year) of
runoff, 30 percent in an area of 20 in/yr of runoff and 20
percent in an area of 22 in/yr of runoff the mean annual
runoff would be calculated as follows:
0.5 X18 + 0.3 X 20 + 0.2 X 22 = 19.4
Runoff estimated from the map is in inches per
year, averaged over the entire drainage basin. Multiply
this value by the drainage area, in square miles, and
divide by 13.58 to convert to mean annual discharge, in
cubic feet per second. In the above example, assume the
drainage area of the site is 100 mi'. The mean annual
discharge, in cubic feet per second, would be:
19.4 xl00/13.58 =143
The runoff map was prepared to allow estimation of
mean annual runoff at sites where no streamflow data
are available. The map represents mean annual runoff
for areas with natural land cover. Caution should be
used in applying the map to estimate runoff for areas
that are not natural land areas. The runoff map should
not be used for areas, such as large urban areas, where
the land cover has been altered in ways that would
change the amount of runoff. The runoff map is not
applicable for lakes or bays, for coastal wetlands affected
by tides, for streams controlled by reservoirs large enough
to influence the total annual stream flow, or for streams
with substantial diversions.
Local features could cause the runoff at a particular
site to differ substantially from the runoff indicated by
the runoff map. The geology of the drainage basin
might cause substantial amounts of water to enter or
leave the basin as ground water. This could substan-
tially increase or decrease the runoff. For example, a
stream with a small drainage area that includes a large
spring probably would have higher average stream flow
than indicated by the runoff map.
Table 5.-Descriptive statistics of errors in estimated runoff
at 93 test stations
Method Mean Standard Standard
absolute Mean error of deviation
value mean
Error1 in inches
Area-weighted 2.0 --0.35 0.30 2.9
Centroid 2.2 -.71 .33 · 3.1
GIS 2.7 -1.74 .37 3.6
Nearest-inch 2.8 -1.77 .38 3.7
Nearest contour 2.8 -1.79 .39 3.8
Percent error
Area-weighted 9.0 --0.54 1.3 12.9
Centroid 9.8 -.71 1.4 13.5
GIS 12.0 -6.42 1.6 15.9
Nearest-inch 12.1 -6.20 1.6 15.6
Nearest-contour 12.2 -6.26 1.6 15.8
, ...
~
.~:J' . ' . · er·f1auser Co. -Plyrnouth
991 278 540 ,~ l:,/
·, 1) ;,
J'C.' . ·,
_;..
\\:
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;I l
~· I Hydrology of Major Estuaries
I l I And Sounds of North Carolina
'
'
i. I By G. L. GIESE, H.B. WILDER, and G. G. PARKER, JR.
! ;.:11 ',,
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Prepared in cooperation with the
North Carolina Department of
Natural Resources and
Community Development
"
: I U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 2221
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DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
DONALD PAUL HODEL, Secretary
U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
Dallas L. Peck, Director
UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT-PRINTING OFFICE 1985
For sale by the Distribution Branch, U.S. Geological Survey,
604 South Pickett Street, Alexandria, VA 22304
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Giesi~, G. L.
Hy(frology of ni,1jor estu;:iries ;rnd souncis of North
Carolina.
(U.S. Ceo logical Survey waler-supply paper : 2221)
Bibliography: p. l 05
S11pt. of Docs. no.: I ·19.-13: 22'.tl
1. btu;irics-North CarolinJ. 2. Sounds Geomorphology-
North Carolina. 3. Hydrology-Norlh CirolinJ. I.
Wilder, Hugh B. 11. Parker, G. ·c. Ill. North Carolina.
Dept. of NaturJI Resources and Community Develop•
n1ent. IV. Title. V. Series: Geological Survey water-
supply paper ; 2221.
GC97.G:i4 ·1985 55·1.46'48 BS-600158
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\ation. This scatter may be dut.! to several factor~-thc dif-
ferences in within-year distribution of discharges. ycar-to-
ycar differences· in prevailing wind speed and_ direction.
and variations in regulation patterns of reservoirs on the
Roanoke River which. as previously mentioned. have a
direct innucncc on moderating saltwater intrusion in ·Al-
hcmarlc Sound and. indirectly, into the Chowan River.
THE ROANOKE RIVER ESTUARY
The total area of the Roanoke River basin (pl. I) is
9.666 mi2 • the largest of any North Carolina estuary.
However, only 3.506 mi2 of the drainage lies in North
Carolina; the other 6,160 mi2 arc in southern Virginia.
The Roanoke River originates in the Valley and Ridge
Province west of Roanoke, Va .. an<l flows in a general
southeasterly direction toward the Atlantic Coast, empty-
ing into Albemarle Sound ahout 7 miles downstream from
Plymouth. N.C. Principal tributaries include the Dan, Fal-
ling. Otter. and Blackwater Rivers. The limit of lunar tide
effects in the Roanoke River has· not hecn well r.::stab-
lished, but is thought to be near Hamilton, ahout 60 miles
upstream from the mouth.
The greatest width of the estuary, near the mouth,
is only abollt 0.3 mile and, upstream from Plymouth,
widths arc about 0.1 mile or lcs:-. The narrow width of the
Roanoke near the mouth is in sharp contrast to 1hc Neuse.
Pamlico, and Chowan Rivers which are several miles
wide at their mouths. The lower Roanoke. like the others
arc now, was once a drowned river valley. Now. how-
ever, it has been largely filled hy Sediments. \Vithin the
delta thus formed· is a fairly unusual system of dis-
tributaries (fig. 4.24) which carry some water from the
Roanoke into the Cashie River and. in the case of one
lar:ge unnamed distributary, directly into Albemarle
·sound. Maximum depths along the estuary vary from
about 8 to 18 feet. A commercial navigation channel is
maintained in the Roanoke River to Palmyra, 81 miles up-
stream from the mouth. The channel is maintained to 12
feet deep and I 50 feet wide f(om Alhemarle Sound to
about I mile upstream from Plymouth, a distance of 10
miles; thence a channel 8 feet deep and 80 feet wide to
Palmyra, a distance of 18 miles.
A vcrage annual precipitation over the has in is ahout 45
inches. The average annual outtluw of the Roanoke R.ivcr at
the mouth is about 8.900 tf'ls. Se(;ond only to the out!low
of the Cape Fear River among North Carolina's estuaries.
Flow of the Roanoke River is highly regulated, par-
ticularly hy Roanoke Rapids Lake (details to be discussed
later). The combination of relatively high outflow, small
cross~sectional areas, and low-flow augmentation by
Roanoke Rapids Lake. effectively blocks saline water
100 Hydrology of Major Estuaries ,md Sounds of North C.1rolin,1
from the estuary. During ! 3 years (Octoher 1954-Sep-
tember · I 967) of daily water-sampling at Jamesville (sta.
02081094 on pl. I). the maximum measured chloride con-
centration was only 12 mg/L. Three specific conductance
surveys hy the Geological Survey during normally low-
llow periods (October 6, 1954, July 25,. 1957. and Oc-
tober I. I 957) failed to reveal any significant saltwater en-
croachment, even at the mouth. Significantly. the survey
of October 6, 1954, was made before increased low-now
augmentation from Roanoke Rapids Lake and at a time of
record !ow strcamnows in many parts of the State. At that
time, near maximum-of-rccon.J saltwater encroachments
were being measured on other estuaries. '~hus. it is not
likely that any .significant saltwater encroachment will
occur in the future in the Roanoke River estuary. even·
under extreme drought conditions. as long as the currem
!low regulation patterns arc maintained.
Flow
Flow in the Roanoke River estuary has not been
studied in detail; thus it is not really known what role
winds play in the now or to what extent the llow_ is af-
fected hy tides. We can infer that winds and tides play a
lesser role here than in any other major North Carolina es-
tuary because of the relative narrowness of the channel
and the lack or significant funneling effects. Conversely,
we can infer that freshwater discharges play a relatively
larger role because of the greater magnitude of the dis-
charges in relation to channel cross-sectional areas. How-
t,;ver, validation of these inferences awaits confirmation
from water-level records and flow measurements.
As previously mentioned. the average annual out-
flow of the Roanoke River at the mouth is about 8.900 fr'!
s. or ahout 0.92 (ft3/s)/mi2 • but average flows for a given
year may range from about 0.50 to 1.50 (ft-1/s)/rni'.? (fig.
4.25). Actually, discussion of fresh waler inflow 10 or out-
tlow from the Roanoke River estuary is not really mean-
'ingful except within the context of the existing patterns of
flow regulation. Flow of the Roanoke River is extensively
regulated by Philpott Lake, John H. Kerr Reservoir,
· Roanoke Rapids Lake, Leesville Lake, Lake Gaston, and
Smith Mountain Lake. All of these reservoirs were created
primarily for hydroelectric power generation, but many
also provide for flood control. low-llow augmentation,
water supply, and recreation. Because it is the most down-
stream of these reservoirs, Roanoke Rapids Lake is most
important from the point of view of it.s effects on flow in
the Roanoke estuary. Pursuant to its license from the Fed-
eral Power Commission. the Virginia Electric and Power
Company must maintain, subject to special provisions.
n1inimum instantaneous flow releases from Rna11<1ke Rap-
ids Lake (drainage area 8.395 mi2) according to the fol-
lowing schedule:
i
I Q
l l l
l
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I
~
' I
# WINDSOR -"----..:_._,;:_ -
.>Lt.. -
-
....:L'.... --->.l.L. •• _I!;_
_..::.-_ _ _;_ _u:. -·-""-___ _,_,_ -J,_ -..._)JL._ -...:JL_ -
_,L
L
-"'-
--ll.' ---
->I.'._ _:.!:_ • --',It_
-"'-
--''---
_;,I.'_ -
..:.U.. ...1.1'.. ..:..L ..,JL..
---'>IL....
0
0
1
N
2 3 4
2 3 4 5 6 7
5 M !l ES
_,,,_
--L _\I:,_
8 KILOMETERS
-""--
----.-.1'_ -___ If. .,,__ ==
. I
I Figure 4.24. Distributary system of the lower Roanoke River.
I
I .1,,,,,,1, I .Janu:1ry. Fchruary. rv1ardl I ,\pril
.\·1 :iy-.'-ieplernber
1.000
1.500
,.000
J (k1ohc1 1.500
.'.: ovcrnber. Dcn:rn her ! .000 I Usually. actual releases from Roanoke Rapids Lake :J· fttr exceed these minimum requirements. as ind'1cated hy
11111..'.asurt:d flows of the Roanoke River at Roanoke Rapids
(st;1. 02080500 in pl. l). Given hdow. in cubic feet per
) '.secoml. arc estimated average monthly outnows at the
111uuth or the Roanoke River estuary foe the period Oc-1 !ohcr 1965-Scptcmbcr !975. About 87 percent uf these
flow amounts arc accounted for by controlll:d releases I from Roanoke f~.ipids Lake:
I
I
,January 10,000 July 8,000
February 12,000 /\ugusl 7,500
March 10,000 September 6,500
/\pril 11,000 October 6,500
May 10,000 November 7,500
,June 8,500 December 8,300
The effects of high-tlow regulation arc reflected in
the similar averages for January--May: flood flows arc
stored in the various reservoirs and released over long
pi:riods of time. Low-flow augn~cntation is arparcnt from
the relatively high August~November flows; they average
about 0. 72 (ft3/s)tmi' compared to only about 0.57 (ft-'/s)/
mi2 in the unregulated Chowan River estuary for the same
months.
Hydrology oi th~ Alhemarlc Sound Estuarine Sysfl'm 101
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Ref. 41
Reprint from North Carolina Administrative Code: 15A NCAC 28 .0313
Current through: February 1, 1993
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EHNR -ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT TISA: 02B .0300
SECTION .0300 -ASSIGNl\lENT OF STREA.i'VI CLASSIFICATIONS
.0301 CLASSIFICATIONS: GENERAL
(a) Schedule of Classifications. The classifications assigned to the waters of the State of North Carolina
are set forth in the schedules of classifications and water quality standards assigned to the waters of the river
basins of North Carolina, 15A NCAC 28 .0302 to .0317. These classifications are based upon the existing
or contemplated best usage of the various streams and segments of streams in the basin, as determined through
studies and evaluations and the holding of public hearings for consideration of the classifications proposed.
(b) Stream Names. The names of the streams listed in the schedules of assigned classifications were taken
as far as possible from United States Geological Survey topographic maps. Where topographic maps were
unavailable, U.S. Corps of Engineers maps, U.S. Department of Agriculture soil maps, and North Carolina
highway maps were used for the selection of stream names.
(c) Classifications. The classifications assigned to the waters of North Carolina are denoted by the letters
WS-I, WS-11, WS-III, WS-IV, WS-V, B, C, SA, ·ss, and SC in the column headed "class." A brief
explanation of the "best usage" for which the waters in each class must be protected is given as follows:·
Fresh Waters
Class WS-I:
Class WS-11:
Class WS-III:
Class WS-IV:
Class WS-V:
Class B:
Class C:
Tidal Salt Waters
"Class SA:
Class SB:
Class SC:
waters protected as water supplies which are in natural and undeveloped watersheds;
point source discharges of treated wastewater are permitted pursuant to Rules .0104
and .0211 of this Subchapter; local programs to control nonpoint source and
stormwater discharge of pollution are required; suitable for all Class C uses;
waters protected as water supplies which are generally in predominantly undeveloped
watersheds; point source discharges of treated wastewater are permitted pursuant to
Rules .0104 and .0211 of this Subchapter; local programs to control nonpoint source
and storm water discharge of pollution are required; suitable for all Class C uses;
waters protected as water supplies which are generally in low to moderately
developed watersheds; point source discharges of treated wastewater are permitted
pursuant to Rules .0104 and .0211 of this Subchapter; local programs· to control
nonpoint source and storm water discharge of pollution are required; suitable for all
Class C uses;
waters protected as water supplies which are generally in moderately to highly
developed watersheds; point source discharges of treated wastewater are permitted
pursuant to Rules .0104 and .0211 of this Subchapter; local programs to control
nonpoint source and storm water discharge of pollution are required; suitable for all
Class C uses;
waters protected as water supplies which are generally upstream and draining to
Class WS-IV waters; no categorical restrictions on watershed development or treated
wastewater discharges are required, however, the Commission or its designee may
apply appropriate management requirements as deemed necessary for the protection
of downstream receiving waters (15A NCAC 2B .0203); suitable for all Class C
uses;
primary recreation and any other usage specified by the "C" classification;
aquatic life propagation and survival, fishing, wildlife, secondary recreation, and
agriculture.
shellfishing for market purposes and any other usage specified by the "SB" and "SC"
classification;
primary recreation and any other usage specified by the "SC" classification;
aquatic life propagation and survival, fishing, wildlife, and secondary recreation.
NORTH CAROLINA ADMINISTRATIVE CODE 10/22192 ]_
,. .·· .
1/1
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Southern Eoviroomeota! Field Station
A Weyerhaeuser
March 16, 1994
.Mr. Steve Tedder, Chief
Water Quality Section
Ref. 42
Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources
Division of Environmental Management
PO Box 27687
Raleigh, North Carolina 27611-7687
Dear Mr. Tedder:
re: Dioxin Analyses of Fish
NPDES NO. NC0000680
PO Box 1391
New Bern, North Carolin.? 28563·1391
ph. 919-633-7279 Fax [phone]
Per the requirements of Weyerhaeuser Plymouth Mill's NP DES permit, enclosed is a
report covering fish dioxin studies during the fall of 1993. Two copies of the report are
provided. These stugies were conducted with fish from the Roanoke River, Chowan
River, and Albemarle S_ound.
Please call if you have_ any questions about aspects of the study not covered in the
report (919-633-7351).
Sincerely,
£pL-c e,Ycccffi__
Stephen E. Woock
Aquatic Scientist -Weyerhaeuser
cc : John Pritchard, Plymouth Mill
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EHNR -ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
.0313 ROANOKE RIVER BASill
Name of Stream
Blue Hole Swamp
Matthew Slough
Canal Gut
Indian Creek
Coniott Creek (Town Swamp)
Frog Level Swamp
Concho Creek
Etheridge Swamp
Beaverdam Creek
!!ill Branch
Sweetwater Creek (Statons
Pond)
Hardison Mill Creek
Long Creek
Smithwick Creek
Ready Branch
Dog Branch
Conine Creek
Devils Gut
Gardners Creek
Deep Run Swamp
Lanier Swamp
Coppers._
ROANOKE RIVER
Broad Creek
Welch Creek
Conaby Creek
ALBEMARLE SOUND (Batchelor
Bay)
Eastmost River
Eastmost River
Cashie River
Wahtom Swamp
Connaritsa Swamp
White Oak s._
Chiska Creek
Description
From source to Roanoke River
From source to Blue Hole Swamp
From source to Roanoke River
From source to Roan6ke River
From source to Roanoke River
From source to Coniott Creek
From source to Roanoke River
From source to Concho Creek
From source to Concho Creek
From source to Conoho Creek
From source to Roanoke River
From source to Statons Pond, Sweet-
water Creek
From source fo Hardison Mill Creek
From source to Statons Pond, Sweet-
water Creek
From source to Statons Pond, Sweet-
water Creek
Frcxn source to Ready Branch
From source to Roanoke River
From source to Roanoke River
From source to Devils Gut
Frcxn source to Gardners Creek
Frcxn source to Gardners Creek
From source to Gardners Creek
Frcxn 18 mile marker at Jamesville to
Albemarle Sound (Batchelor Bay)
Class
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C Sw
Frcxn source to Roanoke River C Sw
From source to Roanoke River C Sw
Frcm source to Roanoke River C Sw
West of a line extending f rorn a B Sw
point of land on the southside of the
mouth of Black Walnut Swamp in a
southerly direction to a point of
land on the eastside of the mouth
of Roanoke River
From Roanoke River to N.C. Hwy. 45
From N.C. Hwy. 45, including cutoff
between Eastmost River and Middle
River.to Albemarle Sound
Frcxn source to a point 1.0 mile up-
stream from Bertie County SR 1500
Frcxn source to Cashie River
Frcxn source to Cashie River
Frcxn source to Cashie River
From source to Cashie River
15
C Sw
B Sw
C Sw
C Sw
C Sw
C Sw
C Sw
Classification
Date Index No.
9/1/57
9/1/57
9/1/74
9/1/74
7/1/73
9/1/74
9/1/57
9/1/74
9/1/57
9/1/74
9/1/57
9/1/57
9/1/57
9/1/57
9/1/74
9/1/74
9/1/57
9/1/57
9/1/57
9/1/74
9/1/74
9/1/74
9/1/57
9/1/57
7/13/80
9/1/57
9/1/74
9/1/57
9/1/74
9/1/57
9/1/74
7/1/73
7/1/73
9/1/74
23-45
23-45-1
23-46
23-47
23-48
23-48-1
23-49
23-49-1
23-49-2
23-49-3
23-50
23-50-1
23-50-1-1
23-50-2
23-50-3
23-50-3-1
23-51
23-52
23-52-1
23-52-1-1
23-52-1-2
23-52-1-3
23-(53)
23-54
23-55
23-56
24
24-1-(1)
24-1-(2)
24-2-(1)
24-2-2
24-2-3
24-2-4
24-2-5 ·
2B .0300
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RESEARCH REPORT
SOUTHERN ENVIRONMENTAL FIELD STATION
ES&T Research & Development New Bern, NC 28563
□ Trip Report
Title Page
Project No. 044-9309
Page l of39
Weyerhaeuser
C Technical Report
□ Technical Note □ Other
ROANOKE RIVER, CHOWAN RIVER/HWY17, AND ALBEMARLE SOUND
FISH DIOXIN NPDES STUDY
September -November 1993
*********
Prepared for Weyerhaeuser Pulp and Paper Mill
Plymouth, North Carolina
DISTRIBUTION TO
TECHNICAL INFORMATION CENTER
for submittal to NCDEM
*********
LOCATION
TIC
and David McHenry
PROJECT NO. 044-9309
I Strictly PToprietary (Red): Disclosure strictly limited to persons on a managed list. Contact
Proprietary (Yellow}; Disclosure limited to persons confidentiatly bound to Weyerhaeuser on a need to know basis.
Non-Proprietary (Green): Disclosure unlimited ..
PLY/94/93PFISDX.D0C 3/16/94
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A RESEARCH REPORT
ES& T Southern Environmental Field Station
Research & Development
Project No. 044-9309
Page 2 of39
Executive Summary
Fish fillets from the Roanoke River upstream and downstream of the Plymouth Mill,
the mouth of the Chowan River at Albemarle Sound, and western Albemarle Sound
were analyzed for tetrachlorinated dioxins and furans. The sampling was
conducted to fulfill an NPDES requirement from the North Carolina Division of
Environmental Management (NCDEM) and to monitor time trend changes in fish
dioxin concentrations. The fish were col_lected during September through
November of 1993. The report provides transfer of the dioxin data and ancillary
information to NCDEM.
Dioxin toxicity equivalent (TEO) is a measure of the summed concentrations of the
chlorinated dioxin and furan congeners, each expressed as the potential toxicity of
2,3,7,8-TCDD. In this study, only the 2,3,7,8-and total-tetrachlorinated dioxin
and furan congeners were measured; thus the TEOs are based only on the
concentrations of 2,3,7,8-TCDD and 2,3,7,8 -TCDF.
For all species, individual fillet sample concentrations of 2,3,7,8-TCDD ranged from
non-detect to 18.5 ppt. The TEOs ranged from 0.03 to 4.5 parts per trillion (ppt)
among all the sampled fish species except channel catfish. Dioxin (TEO)
concentrations in channel catfish fillets were usually greater than the other species
at each location; channel catfish TEOs ranged from 0.81 ppt upstream at
Williamston, to 19.55 ppt downstream at Highway 32 in Albemarle Sound.
Channel catfish have greater dioxin concentrations because they have greater lipid
content compared with the other fish species sampled. The greater lipid pool in the
channel catfish provides a storage site for dioxins due to the tendency for dioxin to
partition strongly into lipids.
Comparing years, reported average TEO for the river and sound stations was one
ppt less in 1993 than in 1992. Excluding the upstream station at Williamston,
average TEO was 3.6 ppt in 1993 versus 4.6 ppt in 1992. However, for most of
the individual stations and fish species the lower 1993 concentrations can be
explained by decreases in average weight or lipid content of captured fish,
particularly catfish. In contrast, gamefish concentrations of 2,3,7,8-TCDD were
similar to 1992 with slight increases noted among Albemarle Sound striped bass
samples. It is important to note that the general lower average weights of fish
captured in 1 993 were not due to changes in sampling techniques or gear but
rather to inherent variability of fish sizes encountered during annual collecting
periods.
Strictly Proprietary (Red): Disclosure strictly limited to persons on a managed list. Contact
Proprietary (Yellow): Disclosure limited to persons confidentially bound to Weyerhaeuser on a need to know basis.
Non-Proprietary (Green): Disclosure unlimited.
PLY/94/93PFISDX.DOC 3/16/94
-::,-....:: ..
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A RESEARCH REPORT
ES& T Southern Environmental Field Station
Research & Development
Table of Contents
Executive Summary
Introduction
Results
1993 Data
Time Trends
QC Results
References
Figures 1 -6
Tables 1 -3
Appendices
A. Correspondence/Study Plan
B. Fish Collection List
C. Sample Locations and Methods
D. 1993 Sample Data
Strictly Proprietary (Red): Disclosure strictly limited to persons on a managed list. Ccna,:t
2
4
4
5-6
7
7
8 -12
Project No. 044-9309
Page3 of39
1 3 -1 5
16 -23
24-27
28-37
38-39
Proprietary (Yellow): Disclosure limited to persons confidentially bound to Weyerhaeuse'. on a need to know basis.
Non-Proprietary (Green): Disclosure unlimited.
PLY/94/93PFISDX.DOC 3/16/94
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RESEARCH REPORT
ES&T Southern Environmental Field Station
Research & Development
Introduction
Project No. 044-9309
Page 4 of39
This report summarizes dioxin and furan data for fish collected in the fall of 1993
from the Roanoke River and Albemarle Sound basins. The study continued fish
analyses conducted since 1989 to monitor the current concentrations and the
changes in dioxin levels subsequent to reduction of dioxin in effluent sources.
NPDES Permit No. NC0000680_with the North Carolina Division of Environmental
Management (NCDEM) require the Weyerhaeuser Pulp and Paper Mill near
Plymouth, North Carolina to sample fish (muscle fillets) for TCDD and TCDF
analyses. Sample locations and samplins approach were agreed upon in two
communications between the mill and the NCDEM (Appendix A). Six sample
locations were specified, including waters upstream and downstream of the mill
complex on the Roanoke River, from the mouth of the Chowan River near the
Highway 17 bridge, and three stations in western to central Albemarle Sound
(Figure 1 ).
At each station fish were collected toward the target of making two composite
samples from each of two fish groups: catfish or bottom dwellers, and gamefish
(bass, bream or perch).
Composite samples of individual fish species for dioxin analyses were selected from
among the collected fish listed in Appendix B. The fish selections were based on
meeting, to the extent practicable, the numbers and types of samples listed in the
approach included with the 28 July 1993 letter to NCDEM (Appendix A). Specific
sampling location descriptions, and field, analytical and data analysis methods are
in Appendix C. Time trend analyses were made comparing the 1993 results with
data from similar studies conducted during 1989 through 1992 (Weyerhaeuser
1989, 1990, 1992, 1993).
Results
Table 1 gives the sample average TEO, dioxin/furan concentrations, average
weight, and percent lipid in fish fillets analyzed in 1992 and 1993. The individual
analytical results for 1993 are tabulated in Appendix D.
1993 Data
For all species, fillet sample concentrations of 2,3,7,8-TCDD ranged from non-
detect to 18.5 ppt (Table 1 ). Some duplicate analyses were done; for those the
maximum was 20 ppt (Appendix D). Dioxin toxicity equivalent (TEO, defined in
I Strictly Proprietary (Red}: Disclosure strictly limited to :~rsons on a managed list. Contact
Proprietary (Yellow): Disclos_ure limited to persons confr::entially bound to Weyerhaeuser on a need to know basis.
Non-Proprietary (Green): Disclosure unlimited.
PLY/9'-'93PFISDX.DOC 3/16/94
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A RESEARCH REPORT
ES&T Southern Environme-ntal Field Station
Research & Development
Project No. 044-9309
Page 5 of39
Appendix C) ranged from 0.03 to 4.50 parts per trillion (ppt) among all the sampled
fish species except channel caifish. Dioxin (TEQ) concentrations in channel catfish
fillets invariably were greater than the TEQ for the other species at each location
(Table 1 ); channel catfish TEQs ranged from 0.81 ppt upstream of the mill at
Williamston, to 19.55 ppt at the Highway 32 bridge over Albemarle Sound.
Channel catfish in the Roanoke/Albemarle system have greater dioxin
concentrations because they have greater lipid content compared with the other
fish species sampled. The greater lipid pool in the channel catfish provides a
storage site for dioxins due to the tendency for dioxin to partition strongly into
lipids (NCASI 1991 ). For example, the average lipid content of channel catfish
samples was 3. 6 to 8. 9 times greater than the lipid content of white catfish from
the same stations (Figure 2), and average 2,3,7,8-TCDD was greater in the channel
catfish compared with the white cafish at each station (Figure 3). When the dioxin
data are normalized by dividing by the lipid content to express the dioxin content
per percent lipid, the relative concentration of dioxin in the two species is much
more similar (Figure 4). This relationship of higher dioxin concentrations in channel
catfish as a result of greater lipid values is consistent with 1992 samples of catfish
(Weyerhaeuser 1993).
Time Trends
The reported TEQ for the river and sound fish samples averaged one ppt less in
1993 than in 1 992. Excluding the upstream station at Williamston, average TEQ
was 3.6 ppt in 1993 versus 4.6 ppt in 1992 (Table 2). However, the lower dioxin
results in 1993 for most of the individual stations and fish species can be explained
by decreases in average weight or lipid content of captured fish, particularly catfish.
For example, average dioxin (TEQ) concentrations dropped below North Carolina's 3
ppt TEQ advisory level for fish consumption in the Albemarle Sound Marker 1
samples (Figure 5) and the Highway 32 white catfish sample (Table 1 ). The cause
of this drop was likely due to lower lipid values in the catfish and smaller average
weight of all fish in thel 993 samples. For example, at Marker 1 the single channel
catfish in 1992 was 1620 grams (3.6 pounds) with a fillet lipid content of 9.8 %
versus an average weight of 574 grams (1.3 pounds) with a fillet lipid content of
5.0 % in 1993. This size difference also indicates that the fish in the 1993 sample
were much younger than the 1992 fish, thus the exposure time to residual
sediment source dioxins/furans was less.
The only other dioxin changes occurred at River Marker 1 5 where the channel
catfish average TEQ climbed slightly (Figure 6) and at Chowan River/Highway 17,
Strictly Proprietary (Red): Disclosure strictly limited to persons on a managed list. Contact
Proprietary (Yellow): Disclosure limited to persons confidentially bound to Weyerhaeuser on a need to know Oasis.
Non-Proprietary (Green): Disclosure Lnlimited.
PLY/94/93PFISDX.DOC 3/16/94
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A RESEARCH REPORT
ES& T Southern Environmental Field Station
Research & Development
Project No. 044-9309
Page 6 of39
Highway 32, and Bull Bay where the striped bass TEQs also climbed slightly (Table
1). Partioning of dioxin into lipids, as discussed previously, may also account for
higher dioxin levels found in 1 993 striped bass samples. Lipid values for those
samples were 1.6 to 3.6 times greater in 1993 than in1992. The apparent higher
lipid values may indicate that the striped bass in 1993 had greater affinity for
dioxins.
Strictly Proprietery (Red): Disclosure strictly limited to persons on a managed list. Contac~
Proprietary (Yellow): Disclosure limited to persons confidentially bound to Weyerhaeuser on a need to know basis.
Non-Proprietary {Green): Disclosure unlimited.
PLY/94/93PFISDX.DOC 3/16/94
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ES& T Southern Environmental Field Station
Research & Development
oc Results
Project No. 044-9309
Page 7 of39
Comparison of duplicate sample analyses indicated there was good agreement
among laboratories on the fillet dioxin analyses (Table 3). No laboratory exhibited
a consistent high or low .bias for TCDD, TCDF or TEQ.
References
EPA, 1989. Interim procedures for estim2,ing the risks associated with exposures
to mixtures of chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and -dibenzofurans (CDDs abd CDFs)
and 1989 Update. EPA/625/3-89/016.
National Council for Air and Stream Improvement (NCASI), 1991. A critical review
of the literature on the bioaccumulation oi 2,3 ,7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and
furan in fish. NCASI Tech. Bull. No. 610.
Weyerhaeuser, 1989. (Report to NCDEM) Roanoke River and Welch Creek Fish
Dioxin Study, April-June 1989.
Weyerhaeuser, 1990. (Report to NCDEM) Roanoke River, Cashie River, Chowan
River, Welch Creek,. and Albemarle Sound Fish Dioxin Study, May -October 1990.
Weyerhaeuser, 1992. (Report to NCDEM) Roanoke River, Chowan River/Hwy17,
and Albemarle Sound Fish Dioxin NPDES Study, August -October 1991.
Weyerhaeuser, 1993. (Report to NCDEM! Roanoke River, Chowan River/Hwy17,
and Albemarle Sound Fish Dioxin NPDES Study, September -October 1992.
Strictly Proprietary (Red}: Disclosure strictly limited to pe~ons on a managed list. Contact
Proprietary (Y&llowl: Disclosure limited to persons confio!l"ltiaUy bound to Weyerhaeuser en a need to know basis.
Non-Propriatary (Green!: Disclosure unlimited ..
PLY/94,?3PFISDX.DOC 3/9/94
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ES&T Southern Environmental Field Station
Research & Development
l!
Jd:,.tt:')TI~
32
Figure 1: Fish Sampling Stations, 1993.
Strictfy Proprietary (Red): Disclosure strictly limited to persons on a managed list. Contact
!iWY 17
Project No. 044-9309
Page 8 of39
Proprietary (Y9'1ow): Disclosure limited to persons confidentially bound to Weyerhaeuser on a need to know b-asis.
Nor,.?roprietary (Gn.n): Disclosure unlimited.
PLY /94/93PFISDX.DOC 319/94
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18 ~
16 l
14 l
12 l
I I 10 _
% 8 ~
2
0
RESEARCH REPORT
ES& T Southern Environmental Field Station
Research & Development
Ill C.Cat
OW.Cat
Will. RM15 HW{1
7
no lipid data for
w.cat
Mkr.1 HW{3
2
Project No. 044-9309
Page 9 of39
no c.cat sample
,-, -,
8.Say
Figure 2. Average Lipid Content in Channel and White Catfish Fillets, 1993.
Strictly Proprietary (Red}: Disclosure strictly limited to persons on a managed list. Contact
Proprietary (Yellow}: Discicsure limited to persons confidentially bound to Weyr..aeuser on a need to know basis.
Non-Proprietary (Green): Disclosure unlimit&d.
PlY/94/93PFISDX.DOC 3/9194
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ES& T SouthE!rn Environmefltal Field Station
Research & Development
Project No. 044-9309
Page 10 of39
20 T 18
16
14
12
pp t lO
l B
6
4
2
0 ND
Will.
■ C.Cat
OW.Cat
RM15 Hwy17 Mkr. 1 Hwy32
no c.cat
sample
!-
B Bay
Figure 3. Average 2,3,7,8 -TCDD 1n Channel and White Catfish Fillets, 1993.
20 ppt/o/olipid
18
16
14
12 I ■ C.Cat OW.Cat
10
8
6 no lipid
4 data for no c.cat
2
0
ND w.cat sample
'7 '. r-c
Will. RM15 Hwy17 Mkr.1 Hwy32 B.Bay
Figure 4. Average 2,3, 7 ,8 -TCDD Per % Lipid in Channel and White Catfish Fillets,
1993.
Strictly Proprietary (Red): Disclosure strictly limrted ~, Persons on a managed list. Contact
Proprietary {Y&tlow}: Disclosure limited to persons c=n1identially bound to Weyerhaeuser on a need to k.now basis.
Non-Proprietary (Green}: Disclosure unlimited.
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"' ~
0. V,
RESEARCH REPORT
ES& T Southern Environmental Field Station
Research & Development
Wfiarm:01 3J
,s
3J
TEQ
15
I Advisory level
10
5
• 0
RW'Mri'B' 15 3J
,s
3J
15
10
5 -• 0
.M::am1e S::i.n::I Mm,-1 3J
,s
3J
15
10
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■ ■ 0
"' 0 0 ;; ;; N N M M
~ "' "' "' "' "' "' ~ 0. ~ 0. ~ 0. ~ 0. ~ V, V, V, V,
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"' "' C 0 ~ ~ Q "' 0. ~ 0. ~ V, \,'.';.
o-o.-a, 11\161~ :-; .
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Page 11 of39
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-5:,.rd H.w32Bq
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■ --;; ;; N N M M "' "' "' "' 0. ~ 0. ~ 0. ~ V, V, V,
Units are parts per trillion, ppt. SP = spring; F = Fell.
Figure 5. Average TEQs in fish fillets of all species combined at stations sampled
three or more times since 1989. The line at 3 ppt indicates the North Carolina
dioxin advisory level.
Strictty Proprietary (Red): Disclosure strictly limited :o persons on a managl!d fist. Contact
Proprietary {Yellow): Disclosure limited to persons confiCentially bound to Weyerhaeuser on a need to (.-,ow basis.
Non-Proprietary (Green): Disclosure unlimited.
PLY /94/93PFISDX.DOC 3/9/94
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~
RESEARCH REPORT
ES& T Southern Environmental Field Station
Research & Development
Wl<a-n=
-TEO
_Advisory level
---
R\e'" Ue1cer 15
---
~ S::i...n: .V!rlcer 1
-
0 C ;;; ;;; N N M M
"' C "' "' "' "' ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
"' "' "' "'
45
40
35
3J
25
20
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45
"' 35
3J
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"' 35
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"' 0
~ "' ~ ~ "'
Qu.,,.a, H'--Uil·+••-v 17
-..
~e S:ud !-+.Yr' 32 ~
-
Project No. 044-9309
Page 12 of39
~e So.rd BJI 83y
0 ;;; ;;; N N M M
~ ~ "' "' "' ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ "' "' "'
Units are parts per trillion, ppt. SP = spring; F = fall.
Figure 6. Average TEOs in fillets of channel catfish from stations sampled three or
more times since 1989. The single sample at Bull Bay was included as reference to
Figure 5. The line at 3 ppt indicates the North Carolina dioxin advisory level.
Strictly Procrietary (Red}: Oisdosure strictly limited to persons on a managed !ist,_ Canta~
Proprietary !Yellow): Disclosure limited to persons confidentially bound to Weyerhaeuser on a need to k.now basis.
Non-Propri9'Ulry {Green]: Disdosure unlimited.
PLY/94/93PFISDX.00C 3/9/94
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ES&T Southern Environmental Field Station
Research & Development
Table 1. Dioxin and furan concentrations in fish collected in 1992 and l 993.
Dioxin and/or Furan, ppt
TEQ I 2,3.7,8-TCDD I 2,3,7,8-TCDF
Station Species 1992 1993 I 1992
ROANOKE RIVoR 1992 1993
Williamston channel catfish channel catfish 1.50 0.81
white catfish white catfish ND 0.03
largemouth bass largemouth bass ND 0.04
iai-gemoUt_t(~_ass: .. ; biadi:.':'~ra"p'PW. ND 0.80
I average 0.38[ 0.42[
River Marker 'l 5 channel catfish• channel catfish• 3.44 5.16
white catfish white catfish 1.74 1.40
_bla~k crap"pie).:_.. .. ;<-. • .Pt!mp~i_n_s.ii~:#_·> 0.02 0.05
largemouth bass largemouth bass 0.04 1.05
\average 1.31 I 1.921
ALBEMARLE SOUND
ChowanR/Hwy 17 channel catfish•• channel catfish 15.34 11.14
white catfish white catfish 1.40 1.6i
white perch . white perch 2.72 1.29
strioed bass striped bass 2.72 3.30
I average 5.55\ 4.34
Marker 1 channel catfish• channel catfish• 13.63 2.85
white catfish white catfi~h 4.32 1.65
w~ite perch white perch 3.93 3.10
--~tiite:·pe.~~-tj';{C?'>. =<'Sfripe·a_::~~~:s;= ))/("::-4.49 2.20
1average 6.59[ 2.45
Highway 32 channel catfish• channel catfish• 20.64 19.55
white catfish white catfish 6.56 1.76
white perch white perch 4.05 4.50
strioed bass striped bass 1.05 2.61
Javerage 8.081 7.11
Butl Bay white catfish white catfish 2.88 1.09
white catfish white catfish 1.30 0.53
striped bass striped bass 1.63 3.30
striped bass striped bass 0.89 3.21
I average 1.68\ 2.03
• Average of duplicate analysts by Alta and WTC laboratories.
••Average of triplicate analysis by Triangle, Alta, and WTC laboratories.
1.5
ND
ND
ND
0.381
3.2
1.6
ND
ND
1.20[
15. 1
1.4
2.1
2.1
5.18[
13.2
4.1
2.3
2.8
5.60[
20.3
5.9
2.5
0.72
7.36\
2.8
1.2
1.4
0.63
1.51 I
1993
0.78
ND
ND
0.47
0.63[
4.9
1.2
ND
0.68
1. 70[
11
1.4
0.82
2.2
3.861
2.5
1. 5
2
1 .5
1.90
18.5
1.6
2.7
1.8
6.15
1.0
0.48
2.3
2.3
1.52
Shading indicates use of different species in 1993 versus 1992, due to availability/capture.
NOTE: all TEOs based on 2,3,7,8-TCDDfTCDF only.
Strictiy Proprietary (Red): Disclosure strictly limited to persons on a managed list. Contact
1992 1993
ND 0.28
ND 0.32
ND 0.41
ND 3.3
0.00\ 1.08
2.4 2.6
1.4 2.0
0.24 0.45
0.38 3.7
1. 1 1 I 2. 19
2.06 1.4
ND 2.1
6.2 4.7
6.2 11
3.621 4.80
4.3 2.5
2.2 1.5
16.3 11
16.9 7
9.93[ 5.50
3.4 10.5
6.6 1.6
15.5 18
3.3 8.1
7.20\ 9.55
0.82 0.9
1 0.48
2.3 10
2.6 9.1
1.68\ 5.12
Project No. 044-9309
Page 13 of39
Avg.Wt.(g) % lipid
1992 1993 1992 1993
1094 1779 10.9 6.7
431 624 1.2 1.3
424 495 0.3 0.6
306 234 0.75 0.3
1636 1565 7.76 6.25
460 705 1.45 0.7
185 11 5 0.1 o. i
335 419 0.3 . 0.5
1974 1084 6.77 7.5
270 440 0.58 2. ~
262 216 1.89 1.6
419 446 2 3.2
1620 574 9.77 5
664 275 1.87 0.7
. 242 221 1.9 3.2
121 590 1.77 1.7
3453 2095 10.8 16.5
1244 440 2.9
203 192 2.06 3.1
683 508 1.22 2.7
1122 775 2.18 1.8
391 267 1.24 0.7
370 426 0,85 3
882 1306 0.83 3.1
Proprietary (Ye!lowJ: Disclosure limited to persons confidentially bound to Weyerhaeuser on a need to know basis.
Non-Proprietary (Green): Disclosure unlimited.
PLY/94/93PFISDX.Doc 3/9/94
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RESEARCH REPORT A ES&T Southern Environmental Field Statioi:
Research & Development
Project No. 044-9309
Page 14 of39
Table 2. Average toxicity equivalents (TEO, ppt) over time in fish fillets categorized as gamefish,
catfish+ bottom fish, and all fish total. No samples were taken where blanks occur.
Win:er
SQci □

g

'89 Eall '69 '89-'9Q Eall '9Q Eall '91 Eall '92
Williamston
gamefish 0.91 0.02 Non Detect Non Detect
cat/bottom fish 28.3 0.29 2.2 0.75
all fish 14.6 0.15 1.08 0.38
River Mrkr 15
gamefish 18. 7 12.8 1.8 1. 7 0.03
cat/bottom fish 14.2 40.3 17.2 18.6 2.6
all fish 17.4 21.9 9.5 10.1 1.3
AS Mrkr 1
gamefish 30.5 4.9 4.0 4.2
cat/bottom fish 14.6 47.6 8.9
all fish 3C.5 9.7 25.8 6.6
Chowan/Hwy 17
gamefish 2.7 3.2 3.3 2.7
cat/bottom fish 2.6 20.3 8.4
all fish 2.7 2.9 11 .8 5.5
AS Hwy 32
gamefish 4.9 8.3 3.7 2.6
cat/bottom fish 12.8 1.3 14.8 13.6
all fish 10.2 4.8 9.2 8.1
AS Bull Bay
gamefish 28.6 2.1 1.3
cat/bottom fish 7.7 9.8 2.1
all fish 2· .. 5 5.9 1.7
All Station 17.4• 12,3• 20.8· 6.7· 12.6 4.6
Average
(Excludes Will.)
* stations inconsistent
Strictfy Proprietary (Red): Disclosure strictly limited to p~ on a managed list. Contact
Proprietary (Yellow): Disclosure limited to persons confic:i~ally bound to Weyerhaeuser on a need to know basis.
Non-Proprietary (Green): Disclosure unlimited.
PLY /94!e3PFISD X.DOC 319194
Eall '9:l
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.6
3.3
1.9
2.6
2.2
2.4
2.2
6.4
4.3
3.6
10.7
7 .1
3.3
0.81
2.0
3.6
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A RESEARCH REPORT
ES& T Southern EnvironITlental Field Station
Research & Development
Table 3. Duplicate ananlyses of fish fillet composites for quality assurance.
Sample
Number Laboratory 2,3,7,8-TCDD 2,3,7,8-TCDF TEQ
PLY-11-93 Weyerhaeuser 5.6 2.7 5.87
PLY-11-93 Alta Analytical 4.2 2.5 4.45
PLY -13-93 Weyerhaeuser 3.3 3.2 3.62
PLY -13-93 Alta Analytical 1.9 1.8 2.08
PLY-19-93 Weyerhaeuser 17 10 18.00
PLY-19-93 Alta Analytical 20 11 21.10
Strictly Proprietary (Red}: Disclosure stri~ly limit~ to persons on a managed list. Contact
Project No. 044-9309
Page 15 of39
Proprietary (Yellow): Disclosure limrted to persons confidentially bound to Weyttrhaeuser on a need to know basis.
Non-Proprietary (Greenl: Disclosure unlimited.
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RESEARCH REPORT
ES& T Southern Environmental Field Station
Research & Development
APPENDIX A
. CORRESPONDENCE
Strictfy Proprietary (Red): Disclosure strictty limited to persons on a managed list. Contact
Project No. 044-9309
Page 16 of39
Proprietary (YaDow): Disclosure limited to persons confidentially bound to Weyerhaeuser on a need to 'l:xlw basis.
Non-Proprietary (Green}: Disclosure unlimited.
PLY/94/93PFISDX.DOC 3/9/94
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State of North Carolina
Deportment of Environment,
Health and Natural Resources
Division of Environmental Management
James 8. Hunt, Jr., Governor
Jonathan 8. Howes, Secretary
A. Preston Howard, Jr., P. E., Director
lv!r. John Pritc:iard
Technical Ser.ices Manas~r
Weyerhaeuser Paper Cocpany
P.O. Box 787 .
Plymouch, N.C. 27962
NA
DEHNR.
August5 ,1993
Subject: Dioxin ?vloniror~,g in Esh Tissue
NPDES No. NC0000680
Marrin County
Dear lv!r. Pritchard:
The Water Qu2.lity Section has received your 1993 dioxin fish tissue monitoring ;:,en dated July 2S, 1993.
Thank you for ?roviding the 1993 dioxin fish tissue monitoring plan for :-ev"iew anC: for your cooperation.
The 1993 pian :s hereby approved as proposed. If you have any questions or corru:-.ents please feel free, to
contact me at S:19 /733-5083.
cc Jay Sauber
Roger Tho~
Steven E. Woock
Central Files
Steve Tedder
Chief,
\-'iater Quality Section
P.O. Box 29535, Raleigh, North Ccro!na 27626-0535 Teiephona 919-733-7015 FAX [phone]
AA Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action En-,p\cy3r &:J'J. rscyded/ 10% pcst-<:ons.iner paper
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Weyerhaeuser
Paper Company
July 28, 1993
Mr. Steve Tedder, Chief
Water Quality Section
Department of Environment, HealL'l and Natural Resources
Division of Environmental Manage::nent
P. 0. Box 27687
Raleigh, North Carolina 27611-7E-37
RE: 1993 Plan, Dioxin Monitoring of Fish
NPDES No. NC0000680 (Plymouth Mill)
Dear Mr. Tedder,
P.O. Ila, 787
f'tymouth, Nonn Carolina 27S62
Tel [phone]
Enclosed is a_ fish sampling plan fer 1993. It is a replicate of the 1992 final plan.
Should you have any comments or questions, please call me at 919-793-8186, or
Steve Woock at 919-633-7351.
Sincerely,
µ,,.,. {j;)-,0,
John S. Pritchard
Technical/Quality Assurance Manager
JSP/P6j;dio~moo
Attachment
xc: Richard Gay
t$J~filY_o_9-~k:J .
Jerry Coker
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BACKGROUND
~•yer!'.a•us•r Plymouth ~111 SPOES Study Plan: ::Z:,,virorD8ntal Oioxi~
PLT.-!OUTH MILL NPDES FISH DIOXIN STUDY
1993 PLAN
This study plan supports a dioxin monitoring requirement in the
NPDES permit of Weyerhaeuser' s Plymouth Pulp and Paper Mill
(permit No. NC0000680)·. Part V of the permit contains a
condition for analysis of fish tissue for dioxins. The permit
specifies that the study plan be approved by the North Carolina
Division of Environmental Management (NCDEM) and sets the
following minim= sampling requirements: (1) determine the
levels of TCDD and TCDF in ambient fish tissues at one station
upstream and two stations downstream of the discharge; (2) annual
sampling; (3) dioxin data will be reported within 3 months of
collection.
This plan represents the fifth year of sampli:-.g under NPDES
permit or administrative lett_er requirements. The sampling
design for 1993 provides a strategy for obtaining data at more
than the minimum number of stations required by permit, due to
the observation of continued occurrence in 1992 of dioxin in
channel catfish in the lower Roanoke River and western Al~emarle
Sound.
APPROACH
1. Fish will be collected from six stations spanning from 29
miles above the mill on the Roanoke River to Bull Bay in
Albemarle Sound, about 25 miles below the mill (Figure 1):
-Near Williamston 29 miles upriver from the mill: the reach
spanning one mile upstream of the Hwy 17 bridge at
Williamston to Sweetwater Creek, about 2 miles downstream of
the bridge
-River Marker 15, 4.8 miles downstream of the mill
-sound Marker 1/Albemarle Beach in the western end of Albemarle
Sound, about 10 miles downstream from the mill
-Chowan River mouth, Hwy 17 bridge in the northwestern area of
Albemarle sound
-Highway 32 bridge in Albemarle sound,
downstream.
about 19 miles
-Bull Bay in Abemarle Sound, about 25 miles dowr.stream.
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Weyerhuuur Plymouth Mill NPDES Study Plan1 E:nvi:.-or:neot.&l 0ioxin11
Plymouth Mill Roanoke River/Albemarle Sound
1993 NPDES Dioxin Sample Plan
Ng, Qf ~om12osit~ ~anml~s
STATION Bass/Bream Catfish Total
Williamston 2 2 4
River Marker 15 2 2@ 4
Sound Marker 1 2 2@ 4
Albemarle Beach
Highway 32 2 2@ 4
Bull Bay 2 2 4
Hwy 17 2 2 4
Totals
samples 12 12 24
analyses 12 15 27
@Duplicate analysis of one of two fish samples
2. Fish will be collected· in the late summer or early fall, consistent
with most previous sample programs for this study.
3. Two fish groups will be collected at each station. The target
fish will be a water-column dwelling gamefish and a bottom dweller.
The gamefish species to be collected, in decreasing order of
preference, is: largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), black crappie
(Pomoxis nigromaculatus) and white perch (Morone americana).
Similarly, the bottom dweller to be collected is: channel catfish
(Ictalurus punctatus) or white catfish (Ictalurus catus). Other
species may be substituted depending on availability, for example
striped bass (Morone saxatilis) at the Highway 32 bridge or off Bull
Bay.
4. Two composite samples of muscle fillets will be
of the target fish groups at each station.
composites will be four to ten individual fish,
number of fish making up a composite JD.?Y vary due
-=,-....:-
obtained from eact
A target for the
though the actual
to availability of
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Weyerhaeueer Plymouth Kill NPDES Stucy Plan, Environmental Dioxins
the particular species. An attempt will be made to obtain fish of the
same species and size range as the previous year. The number of
composite dioxin samples totals 24 this year (4/station X 6 stations).
The number of fish to be collected and retained totals between ·96 and
240 (24 samples X 4 to 10 fish/composite).
5. Lipid content of the muscle tissue will be analyzed to determine
the dioxin concentrations relative to lipid content.
6. Samples will be analyzed for 2, 3, 7, 8-and total TCDD/F. The
analyses will be done on a fresh weight basis using high-resolution
gas chromatography /high resolution mass spectrometry by a competent
laboratory using EPA or equivalent techniques. At least ten percent
of the samples will be split with a second laboratory for duplicate
analyses.
METHODS
Fish collections and initial processing will be done by or under the
direction of the staff of Weyerhaeuser' s North Carolina Environmental
Field Station. Standard fishery techniques gill nets, hoop riets,
electrofisher, trawls will be used to collect the fish. Fish
collection and handling in the field ·.iill minimize potential cross
contamination and assure sample quality control. When fish are
collected, water proof field logs will be used to record pertinent data
station, date, time, and collection technique. Excess fish or
unwanted species will be returned to the river; fish for analysis will
be placed on ice in separate coolers for each station.
Total length (mm) and weight (g) of the fish will be determined. The
individual fish will be tagged and wrapped in solvent-cleaned foil for
freezing. Metal tags will be inscribed with an · identifying number,
date, and location and then wired through the mouth and. operculum of the
fish. After wrapping in foil the fish will be placed in plastic bags
frozen until processed for fillet composites. Fish will be on ice for a
maximum of two days.
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W.-y•rh.aeuaer Plymouth Kill NPDES St.udy Pla.n I E:nvi~t..a.l Dtoxia-
s.-r 32
Figure 1, Fish sampling stations, 1993
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Weyerhaeuser Plymouth Mill NE'DE'.S Study Phn, Environment.al Oiox!.::.s
Composite samples will be prepared from iced or thawed fish using muscle
fillets from each fish. Composites will comprise 4 to 10 fish when
possible. Hexane-and methanol-rinsed utensils and sample containers
will be used during· all processing procedures, with adequate clean up
between sample composites. Sex of the fish will be determined during
the filleting step. Composite samples (grouped, but unblended fish
fillets) will be wrapped in aluminum foil and placed in freezer bags,
frozen, and shipped to the Weyerhaeuser Analytical Testing laboratory in
Federal Way, Washington, .or other suitable, competent laboratory. An
analysis request and chain.:.of-custody sheet will accompany the shipped
samples.
Homogenization of the fish composites and dioxin analysis procedures
will be done using EPA or equivalent methods. Reporting limits will be
< 1 ppt for dioxins. Lipid and moisture content will also be
determined. The remaining, homogenized samples will be archived for
three years.
5
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A RESEARCH REPORT
ES& T Southern Environmental Field Station
Research & Development
APPENDIX B
FJSH COLLECTION LIST
Strictly Proprietary (Red): Disclosure strictly limited to persons on a managed lis:. Contact
Project No. 044-9309
Page 24 of39
Proprietary {Yellow}: Disclosure limited to persons confidentially bound to Weyer:-aeuser on a need to know basis.
Non-Proprietary (Green}: Disclosure unlimited.
PLY/94/93PFISDX.DOC 3/9194
I Appendix B. Roanoke River Fish Collection Da.:a. 1993
I Coaection fag Total Total Comp .
Om location Species • Length Weight Disoosition So, Sample II
1 C.'6/93 Roanoke River Above Williamston Black Crappie P1275 23.00 178.00 COMPOSITE M PLY-04·93
I 1 ·,:1 l/93 Roanoke River Above Williamston Black Crappie P1411 23.60 i83.00 COMPOSITE F PLY-04-93
1,111/93 Roanoke River Above Williamston Black Crappie P1412 24.40 199.00 COMPOSITE M PLY-04-93
1 i{19/93 Roanoke River Above Williamston Black Crappie P1415 32.00 .!31.00 COMPOSITE F PLY-04-93
l j/19/93 Roanoke River Above Williamston B\ack Crappie P1416 24.00 :31.00 COMPOSITE M PLY-04-93
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9/i3/93 Roanoke River Above Williamston Bluegill ?1253 17.30 ",34.00 FREEZER
9/',4/93 Roanoke River Above Williamston Channel Catfish P1255 55.80 jQ20.00 COMPOSITE M PLY-01-93
9/14/93 Roanoke River Above Williamston Channel Catfish P1256 60.60 2..:.10.00 COMPOSITE F PLY-01-93
91i 4/93 Roanoke River Above Williamston Channel Catfish P1257 55.90 i900.00 COMPOSITE F PLY-01·93
9,'i4/93 Roanoke River Above Williamston Channel Catfish P1258 58.10 i920.00 COMPOSITE F PLY-01·93
I 9ii4/93 Roanoke River Above Williamston Channel Catfish P1259 51.20 i250.00 COMPOSITE U Pl Y-01-93
S/i 4/93 Roanoke River Above Williamston Channel Catfish Pl260 61 .10 2i60.00 COMPOSITE F PLY-01-93
9/i4/93 Roanoke River Above Williamston Channel Catfish P1261 59.90 2000.00 COMPOSITE F PLY-01-93
S!i 4/93 Roanoke River Above Williamston Channel Catfish P1262 59.00 2::)50.00 COMPOSITE M PLY-01-93
I 9/i 4/93 Roanoke River Above Williamston Channel Catfish P1263 49.60 i140.00 FREEZER
9/i 4/93 Roanoke River Above Williamston Channel Catfish P1271 51.00 i220.00 COMPOSITE U PLY-01-93
9/i 4/93 Roanoke River Above Williamston Channel Catfish Pl272 54.90 :260.00 COMPOSITE M PLY-01-93
9114/93 Roanoke River Above Williamston Largemouth Bass P1254 34.70 315.00 COMPOSITE F PLY-03-93
i:J/6/93 Roanoke River Above Wi!liamston Largemouth Bass P1273 31.30 .!-04.00 COMPOSITE F PLY-03·93
I ·,:!10/93 Roanoke River Above Williamston Largemouth Bass P1407 28.10 322.00 COMPOSITE U PLY-03·93
1 :/10/93 Roanoke River Above Williamston Largemouth Bass P1408 30.20 333.00 COMPOSITE U PLY-03·93
·,:/19/93 Roanoke River Above Williamston Largemouth Bass P1414 3B.B0 300.00 COMPOSITE F PLY-03-93
iG/6/93 Roanoke River Above Williamston Redear Sunfish P1274 19.90 ;53_00 FREEZER
I 1 i/11/93 Roanoke River Above Williamston Redear Sunfish P1413 21.20 :65.00 FREEZER
::ll 4/93 Roanoke River Above Williamston White Catfish P1264 40.60 360.00 COMPOSITE M PLY-02-93
9/14/93 Roanoke River Above Williamston White Catfish P1265 31.00 351.00 COMPOSITE M PLY-02-93
ffl 4/93 Roanoke River Above Williamston White Catfish P1266 38.70 597.00 COMPOSITE M PLY-02-93
I 9!i4/93 Roanoke River Above Williamston White Catfish P1267 41.30 385.00 COMPOSITE F PLY-02·93
en 4/93 Roanoke River Above Williamston White Catfish P1268 40.70 ~68.00 COMPOSITE M PLY-02·93
9!14/93 Roanoke River Above Williamston White Catfish P1269 31.60 353.00 COMPOSITE F PLY-02·93
9/14/93 Roanoke River Above Williamston 'Nhite Catfish P1270 28.60 254.00 COMPOSITE F PLY-02·93
i0/13I93 Roanoke River @ Marker 15 Black Crappie P1290 23.60 208.00 FREEZER
I 10/7/93 Roanoke River @ Marker 15 Channel Catfish P1280 46.00 330.00 COMPOSITE F PLY-11-93
i0/7/93 Roanoke River @ Marker 15 Channel Catfish P1281 54.60 1460.00 COMPOSITE M PLY-11-93
~0/7/93 Roanoke River @ Marker 15 Channel Catfish P1282 51.80 i250.00 COMPOSITE F PLY-11-93
i0/13/93 Roanoke River @ Marker 15 Channel Catfish P1300 65.10 2720.00 COMPOSITE U PLY-11-93
I ·,0/13/93 Roanoke River @ Marker 15 Largemouth Bass P1292 27.80 321.00 COMPOSITE F PLY-10-93
i0/13/93 Roanoke River @ Marker 15 Largemouth Bass P1293 38.70 824.00 COMPOSITE M PLY-10-93
:0/13/93 Roanoke River @ Marker 15 Largemouth Bass P1294 28.40 331.00 COMPOSITE M PLY-10·93
i 0/1 3/93 Roanoke River @ Merker 15 largemouth Bass P1295 34.50 512.00 COMPOSITE M PLY-10-93
I 'i0/12/93 Roanoke River @ Marker 15 Largemouth Bass Pl301 28.70 328.00 COMPOSITE M PLY-10-93
·,0/12/93 Roanoke River @ Marker 15 Largemouth Bass P1302 28.40 361.00 COMPOSITE M PLY-10-93
:0/12/93 Roanoke River @ Marker 15 Largemouth Bass P1303 26.70 246.00 COMPOSITE F PLY-10-93
:0/12/93 Roanoke Rivl!:r @ Marker 15 Largemouth Bass P1304 28.70 310.00 COMPOSITE F PLY-10-93
i0/12/93 Roanoke River @ Marker 1 5 Largemouth Bass P1305 31.50 439.00 COMPOSITE F PLY-10-93
I i0/7/93 Roanoke River @ Marker 15 Pumpkinseed P1283 19.30 123.00 COMPOSITE F PLY-09-93
'i0/13/93 Roanoke River @ Marker 1 5 Pumpkinseed Pl288 17.70 105.00 COMPOSITE M PLY-09-93
·,0!13/93 Roanoke River @ Marker 15 Pumpkinseed P1289 16.90 98.00 COMPOSITE U PLY-09·93
l0/12/93 Roanoke River @ Marker 15 Pumpkinseed Pl308 17.70 135.00 , COMPOSITE U PLY-09-93
I i0/13/93 Roanoke River@ Marker 15 Striped Bass Pt291 34.80 413.00 FREEZER
10/6/93 Roanoke River @ Marker 15 White Catfish P1276 35.60 507.00 COMPOSITE M PLY-12-93
i0/7/93 Roanoke River@ Marker 15 White Catfish P1277 44.20 1130.00 COMPOSITE M PLY-12-93
i0/7/93 Roanoke River @ Marker 15 White Catfish P1278 44.70 1110.00 COMPOSITE M PLY-12·93
I i0/7/93 Roanoke River @ Marker 15 White Catfish ?1279 39.50 711.00 COMPOSITE M PLY-12·93
i0/13/93 Roanoke River @ Marker 15 White Catfish P1296 33.90 .154.00 COMPOSITE F PLY-12-93
i 0/13/93 Roanoke River @ Marker 15 White Catfish P1297 36.30 605.00 COMPOSITE F PLY-12-93
i0/13/93 Roanoke River @ Marker 15 White Catfish P1298 37.50 700.00 COMPOSITE F PL Y-12·93
i0/13/93 Roanoke River @ Marker 15 White Catfish Pl299 33.40 421.00 COMPOSITE F PLY-12·93
I 10/14/93 Roanoke River @ Marker 15 White Perch P1284 22.10 169.00 FREEZER
i0/13/93 Roanoke River @ Marker 15 vVhite Perch Pl285 22.50 178.00 FREEZER
10/13/93 Roanoke River @ Marker 15 White Perch P1286 23.10 191.00 FREEZER
10/13/93 Roanoke River @ Marker 15 White Perch P1287 23.40 215.00 FREEZER
I i0/12/93 Roanoke River @ Marker 15 / White Perch P1306 21.50 164.00 FREEZER
10/12/93 Roanoke River @ Marker r€ White Perch P1307 22.30 181.00 FREEZER
10/22/93 Chowan River @ Highway 17 Channel Catfish P1358 50.00 1100.CO COMPOSITE F PLY-07-93
10/29(93 Chowan River @ Highway 17 Channel Catfish P1387 39.70 603.00 COMPOSITE U PLY-07-93
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11/4/93 Chowan· River @ Highway 1 7 Channel Catfish P1391 66.10 2890.00 COMPOSITE F PLY-07-93
11/23/93 Chowan River @ Highway 17 Channel Catfish P1417 45.00 800.00 COMPOSITE U PLY-07-93
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I Appendix 8. Roanoke River Fish Collection Data • 1993
I Collection Tag Total Total Coo<,.
Date LoCation Species , length Wl'!ight Disposition Sox San-d, #
11/23/93 Chowan River @ Highway 17 Channel Catfish P1418 4l.20 533.00 COMPOSITE U PLY-:i7-93
I 11 /23/93 Chowan River @ Highway 17 Channel Catfish P1419 42.20 578.00 COMPOSITE U PLY~7-93
11/5/93 Chowan River@ Highway 17 Largemouth Bass P1397 34.20 569.00 FREEZER
11/5/93 Chowan River @ Highway 17 Largemouth Bass P1398 29.80 372.00 FREEZER
10/29/93 Chowan River @ Highway 17 Striped Bass ?1382 33.10 388.00 COMPOSITE F PLY-:5-93
I 10/29/93 Chowan River @ Highway 17 Striped Bass P1383 35.20 456.00 COMPOSITE M PLY-:5-93
10/29(93 Chowan River @ Highway 17 Striped Bass Pl 384 34.60 469.00 COMPOSITE F Pl ':'-:::-93
10(29(93 Chowan River @ Highway 17 Striped BaSs Pl385 33.40 404.00 COMPOSITE F PLY-:5-93
11/5/93 Chowan River @ Highway 17 Striped Bass P1399 35.20 511.00 COMPOSITE M PLY-:5-93
10/22/93 Chowan River @ Highway 17 White Catfish P1359 31.10 325.00 COMPOSITE M PLY-:8-93
I 10122/93 Chowan River @ Highway 17 White Catfish P1360 26.90 211.00 COMPOSITE M PLY-:.8-93
10/29(93 Chowan River @ Highway 17 White Catfish Pl388 26.SO 195.00 COMPOSITE M Pl':'-:3-93
11/4/93 Chowan River @ Highway 17 White Catfish P1396 30.40 196.00 COMPOSITE F PLY-:s.g3
11/23/93 Chowan River @ Highwily 17 ½ihite Catfish P1~20 38.70 805.00 COMPOSITE M Pl':'-:6-93
I 11/23/93 Chowan River @ Highway 17 White Catfish Pl421 40.70 905.00 COMPOSITE M Pl ~·-:s-93
10/22/93 Chowan River @ Highway 17 White Perch P1361 22.70' 206.00 COMPOSITE F Pl':'--:d-93
10/29/93 Chowan River @ Highway 17 White Perch P1386 25.10 261.00 COMPOSITE M PLY-:6-93
11/4/93 Chowan River @ Highway 17 'Nhite Perch P1392 24.30 203.00 COMPOSITE F Pl':'--:,s.93
I 11/4/93 Chowan River @ Highway t 7 White Perch P1393 20.50 125.00 COMPOSITE F PL~·-:,s..93
11/4/93 Chowan River @ Highway 17 White Perch Pt394 24.30 222.00 COMPOSITE F Pl':'-:6-93
11/4/93 Chowan River @ Highway 17 White Perch P1395 25.60 281 .oo COMPOSITE F PLY-:'5-93
10/20{93 Albemarle Sound @ Marker 1 Channel Catfish P1310 43.70 711 .oo COMPOSITE F Pl~·-: 3-93
10/21/93 Albemarle Sound @ Marker 1 Channel Catfish Pl311 40.90 . 598.00 COMPOSITE M PL~'-'.3-93
I 10/21/93 Albemarle Sound @ Marker 1 Channel Catfish Pt312 38.50 474.00 COMPOSITE U Pl':'•'.J-93
10/21/93 Albemarle Sound @ Marker 1 Channel Catfish P1313 37.70 514.00 COMPOSITE M PL~--: 3-93
10/20/93 Albemarle Sound @ Marker 1 Striped Bass Pt309 34.40 415.00 COMPOSITE F PL·:·-i 5-93
10/21/93 Albemarle Sound @ Marker 1 Striped Bass Pt325 52.30 1240.00 COMPOSITE F PL~·-i 5-93
I 10/21/93 Albemarle Sound @ Marker 1 Striped Sass P1326 33.80 353.00 COMPOSITE M P1.'~'-i5-93
10/21/93 Albemarle Sound @ Marker 1 Striped Bass P1327 42.90 815.00 COMPOSITE F Pl':'-;5-93
10/21/93 Albemarle Sound @ Marker 1 Striped Bass P1328 33.20 396.00 COMPOSITE M PL':'-:5-93
10/21/93 Albemarle Sound @ Marker 1 Striped Bass P1329 36.40 495.00 COMPOSITE U PL':•-;5.93
I 10/21/93 Albemarle Sound @ Marker 1 Striped Bass Pt330 36.60 525.00 COMPOSITE M Pl·:·• O 5-93
10/21/93 Albemarle Sound @ Marker 1 Striped Bass P1331 33.10 413.00 COMPOSITE M Pl':'-iS-93
10121/93 Albemarle Sound @ Marker 1 Striped Bass P1332 39.80 656.00 COMPOSITE F PLY-:5-93
10/21/93 Albemarle Sound @ Marker 1 White Catfish P1314 28.80 265.00 COMPOSITE F PL':'-:.!-93
10/21/93 Albemarle Sound @ Marker 1 White Catfish Pt315 30.30 302.00 COMPOSITE F PL':'-i.!-93
I 10/21/93 Albemarle Sound @ Marker 1 White Catfish P1316 28.90 259.00 COMPOSITE F PL':'-i.1-93
10/21/93 Albemarle Sound @ Marker 1 White Catfish P1317 30.70 256.00 COMPOSITE F p1_·:·.;.1,..93
10/21/93 Albemarle Sound @ Marker 1 White Catfish P1318 30.20 289.00 COMPOSITE F PL':·-;.1.-93
10/21/93 Albemarle Sound @ Marker l White Catfish P1319 24.70 179.00 COMPOSITE F Pl':'-i.!-93
I 10/21/93 Albemarle Sound @ Marker 1 White Catfish P1320 31.20 376.00 COMPOSITE M Pl':'•i.!-93
10/21/93 Albemarle Sound @ Marker 1 White Perch P1321 26.40 286.00 COMPOSITE F P\..':"·'6-93
10/21/93 Albemarle Sound @ Marker 1 White Perch P1322 23.20 192.00 COMPOSITE F PLY-:5-93
10/21/93 Albemarle Sound @ Marker 1 White Perch P1323 23. 10 1B6.00 COMPOSITE F Pl':'-i0-93
I 10/21/93 Albemarle Sound @ Marker 1 White Perch P1324 23.90 220.00 COMPOSITE F PL':'-i6-93
10/21/93 Albemarle Sound @ Highway 32 Channel Catfish P1348 44.70 754.00 COMPOSITE M Pl':'-i9-93
10/21/93 Albemarle Sound @ Highway 32 Channel Catfish P1349 44.50 894.00 COMPOSITE F PL':'-i9-93
10/21/93 Albemarle Sound @ Highway 32 Channel Catfish P1350 64,,0 3450.00 COMPOSITE M Pl':'-19-93
10/21/93 Albemarle Sound @ Highway 32 Channel Catfish Pl351 63.60 3280.00 COMPOSITE F Pl..':'•i9-93
I 10/21/93 Albemarle Sound @ Highway 32 Striped Sass Pt338 30.50 312.00 COMPOSITE F Pl..':'-iS-93
10/21/93 Albemarle Sound @ Highway 32 Striped Bass P1339 34.70 450.00 COMPOSITE F Pl':'-:8-93
10/21/93 Albemarle Sound @ Highway 32 Striped Bass Pl340 33.00 388.00 COMPOSITE F Pl..':'-iS-93
10121/93 Albemarle Sound @ Highway 32 Striped Bass P1341 31. 10 323.00 COMPOSITE M PL':'-iS-93
I 10/21/93 Albemarle Sound @ Highway 32 Striped Bass Pl342 31.20 360.00 COMPOSITE F P'.':'-18-93
10/21/93 Albemarle Sound @ Highway 32 Striped Bass Pl343 31.20 239.00 COMPOSITE M PL'f-18-93
10/21/93 Albemarle Sound @ Highway 32 Striped Bass P1344 22.40 379.00 COMPOSITE F Pl..':'·18-93
10/21/93 Albemarle Sound @ Highway 32 Striped Sass Pt345 46.10 1700.00 COMPOSITE F p,:_y.;g.93
I 10/21/93 Albemarle Sound @ Highway 32 Striped Bass P1346 35.70 511.00 COMPOSITE F PL':'-18-93
10/21/93 Albemarle Sound @ Highway 32 Striped Bass Pl347 32.50 413.00 COMPOSITE M PL':'-.S-93
10/21/93 Albemarle Sound @ Highway 32 White Catfish Pt352 27.50 220.00 COMPOSITE F PL ':'-20-93
10/21/93 Albemarle Sound @ Highway 32 White Catfish Pl 353 33.00 1150.00 COMPOSITE M Pl ':'-20-93
10/21/93 Albemarle Sound @ Highway 32 White Catfish Pl354 32.60 413.00 COMPOSITE F PLY-20-93
I 10/21/93 Albemarle Sound @ Highway 32 White Catfish P1355 31.40 318.00 COMPOSITE M PL'f-20-93
10/21/93 Albemarle Sound @ Highway 32 White Catfish P1356 32.30 380.00 COMPOSITE M ~.-~-20-93
10/21/93 Albemarle Sound @ Highway 32 White Catfish Pt357 24.BO 159.00 COMPOSITE F P,:.':'-20-93
10/21/93 Albemarle Sound @ Highway 32 White Perch Pt333 23.50 206.00 COMPOSITE F PLY-17-93
I 10/21/93 Albemarle Sound @ Highway 32 White Perch P1334 23.00 188.00 COMPOSITE U Pt::'-17-93
10/21/93 Albemarle Sound @ Highway 32 White Perch P1335 22.20 174.00 COMPOSITE M p,_y.;7.93
I =
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Collection
Date
10/21/93
10/21/93
10/29/93
10/29/93
10/29/93
10/29/93
10/29/93
10/29(93
10/29(93
10(29/93
10/29/93
10/29/93
10/29/93
10/29/93
10/29/93
10/28/93
10/28/93
10/28/93
10/28/93
10/29/93
10/29/93
11/4/93
11/4/93
10/29/93
Appendix 8. Roanoke River Fish Collection Data • 1993
Tag Tota.I To,,,
location Species • Length Wright
Albemarle Sound @ Highway 32 White Perch P1336 23.90 200.00
Albemarle Sound @ Highway 32 White Perch P1337 23.90 19:J.00
Albemarle Sound off Bull Bay Striped Bass P1366 52.30 1"-60.00
Albemarle Sound off Bull Bay Striped Bass P1367 47.80 11-15,00
Albemarle Sound off Bull Bay Striped Bass P1368 47.20 1 lZS.00
Albemarle Sound off Bull Bay Striped Bass P1369 53.80 lc:i0.00
Albemarle Sound off Bull Bay Striped Bass Pl370 50.30 1-'iO.00
Albemarle Sound off Bull Bay Striped Bass P1371 42.20 37i.OO
Albemarle Sound off Bull Bay Striped Bass Pl372 49.20 1 :;cs.oo
Albemarle Sound off Bull Bay Striped Bass Pl 373 47.10 1C-i0.00
Albemarle Sound off Bull Bay Striped Bass Pl374 33.80 438.00
Albemarle Sound off Bull Bay Striped Bass Pl375 36.00 501.00
Albemarle Sound off Bull Bay Striped Bass P1376 33.80 42:J..00
Albemarle Sound off Bu!I Bay Striped Bass P1377 33.50 4.!?.00
Albemarle Sound off Bull Bay Striped Bass P1378 33.90 3C.3.00
Albemarle Sound off Bull Bay White Catfish P1362 24.90 iE.?.00
Albemarle Sound off Bull Bay White Catfish Pl363 42.30 1C20.00
Albemarle Sound off Bull Bay White Catfish P1364 41.10 1C50.00
Albemarle Sound off Bull Bay White Catfish P1365 36.70 5:;0.00
Albemarle Sound off Bull Bay White Catfish P1379 28.30 252.00
Albemarle Sound off Bull Bay White Catfish P1380 31.00 303.00
Albemarle Sound off Bull Bay White Catfish P1389 31.80 3'.:5.00
Albemarle Sound off Bull Bay White Catfish P1390 31.80 3:::i.00
Albemarle Sound off Bull Bay White Perch Pl381 23.40 2C5.00
83
Comp.
Disposition s .. Sample#
COMPOSITE F PLY-17-93
COMPOSITE U PLY-17-93
COMPOSITE F PLY-23-93
COMPOSITE F PLY-23-93
COMPOSITE F PLY-23-93
COMPOSITE F PLY-23-93
COMPOSITE F PLY-23-93
COMPOSITE F PLY-24-93
COMPOSITE F PLY-23-93
COMPOSITE F PLY-23-93
COMPOSITE F PLY-24-93
COMPOSITE F PLY-24-93
COMPOSITE F PLY-24-93
COMPOSITE F PLY-24-93
COMPOSITE M PLY-24-93
COMPOSITE F PLY-22-93
COMPOSITE M PLY-21-93
COMPOSITE U PLY-21-93
COMPOSITE F PLY-21-93
COMPOSITE F PLY-22-93
COMPOSITE F PLY-22-93
COMPOSITE F PLY-21-93
COMPOSITE U PLY-22-93
FREEZER
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RESEARCH REPORT
ES& T Southern Environmental Field Station
Research & Development
APPENDIX C
SAMPLE.LOCATIONS AND METHODS
C.1 Sample Location Description
C.2 Methods
C.2.a. Fish Collections and Compositing
C.2.b. Fish Cutting/Processing
C.2.c. Analytical Methods
C.2.d. Data Analysis
Strictly Proprietary (Red}: Disclosure strictly limited to persons on a managed list. Contact
Project No. 044-9309
Page 28 of39
I Proprietary (Yellow}: Disclosure limited to persons confidentially bound to Weyerhaeuser on a need to know basis.
Non-Proprietary (Green!: Disclosure unlimited.
PLY/94/93PFISDX.DOC 3/9/94
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A RESEARCH REPORT
ES& T Southern Environmental Field Station
Research & Development
c. 1 Sample Locations
Project No. 044-9309
Page 29 of39
The analyzed fish samples were obtained from the sites described below.
Table C.1
Station
Roanoke River at Williamston
Roanoke River at RM 15
Albemarle Sound at Marker 1
Chowan River at Hwy 17
Albemarle Sound at Hwy 32
Albemarle Sound at Bull Bay
Aoorox river miles from mil!
-29
4.8
10
15
19
25
Description
From the Hwy 17 bridge at
Williamston up river ca. 2
miles
Vicinity of marker to the Hwy
45 bridge
South from marker, •1icinity of
Albemarle Beach
Near ramps immediately NE of
bridge, across the mouth of
Salmon Creek SW of bridge,
and off Reedy Poim SE of
bridge
South side of sounc from
channel to shore
In Bull Bay SE of Laurel Point
I Strictly Proprietary (Red): Disclosure strictly limited to persons on a managed list. Contact
Proprietary (Yellow): Disclosure limited to persons confidentially bound to Weyerhaeuser on a need to know basis.
Non-Proprietary (Green): Disclosure unlimited.
PLY/94/93PFISDX.DOC 319/94
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A RESEARCH REPORT
ES& T Southern Environmental Field Station
Research & Development
C.2 Methods
C. 2. a Fish Collections and Compositing
Project No. 044-9309
Page 30 of39
Fish for this project were collected by Weyerhaeuser Southern Environmental Field
Station (SEFS), New Bern, NC.
Quality control of fish collections and initial processing were done by SEFS staff.
Standard fishery techniques -gill nets, hoop nets, trawls, and trot lines -were
used to collect the fish. In the field, fish were identified to species and placed on
ice in separate coolers for each station. Fish were returned to the SEFS for
freezing and later processing.
Whole fish having been stored on ice were taken to the SEFS, where they were
measured (TL in mm) and weighed (g). Fish were tagged and wrapped in solvent-
cleaned foil for freezer storage. Metal tags were inscribed with an identifying
number, date, and location and then wired through the mouth and operculum of the
fish. After wrapping in foil the fish were placed in plastic bags.
Composite samples were prepared at the SEFS from thawed fish using muscle
fillets from each fish. Hexane-and methanol-rinsed utensils and sample
containers were used during all processing procedures, with adequate clean up
between sample composites. The protocol for filleting and processing the samples
is in C.2.b. Composite samples (grouped, but unblended frozen fish fillets) were
shipped to the Weyerhaeuser Analytical Testing laboratory in Federal Way,
Washington. An analysis request and chain-of-custody sheet accompanied the
shipped samples.
External quality control samples were identified by specifying three channel catfish
samples for interlaboratory analysis of aliquots split from the homogenized sample.
The inter-laboratory duplicates comprise 12.5% of the samples.
Strictly Proprietary (Red): Disclosure stnctly limited to persons on a managed list. Con~act
Proprietary (Yellow!: Disclosure limited to persons confidentially bound to Weyerhaeuser on a need to know basis.
Non-Proprietary (Green): Disclosure unlimited.
PLY/94/93PFISDX.DOC 3/9/94
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C.2.b
RESEARCH REPORT
ES&T Southern Environmental Field Station
Research & Development
FISH CUTTING/PROCESSING PROTOCOL
17 September 1990
Project No. 044-9309
Page3lof39
PURPOSE: To provide guidelines for processing fish for dioxin analysis of their
muscle fillet.
PRECAUTIONS: At all times adherence to "clean" technique is a must. Clean
technique is the purposeful and systematic avoidance of contamination of dioxins
from utensil to sample, from a nontarget part of the fish to the target part of the
fish (muscle fillet), and from sample to sample.
PROTOCOL:
1. Select and begin thawing the individual fish from which fillets will be
composited to make a single fish muscle sample. Assign a sample number to the
composite, referencing the Tag Numbers making up the composite. As a general
guideline, a single sample will be made of fillets from five to ten fish from the
same station and species, using only the left muscle fillet of larger specimens and
both fillets of small specimens. Try to minimize size variation within a sample; at
the same time focus on larger specimens when sufficient numbers of fish were
collected. Catfish fillets will be skinned, but only the scales shall be removed from
other types of fish. Prior to processing any fish make sure the Tag Number
matches the information regarding species and location the composite is to repre-
sent.
2. Pre-rinse some glass jars and aluminum foil with pesticide grade hexane and
methanol. The foil and jars will be used to wrap the fillets, place clean utensils,
etc. All utensils shall also be pre-rinsed in the same manner. Utensils shall be
brushed between samples to loosen and remove residual fish tissue prior to solvent
rinsing. Several scalpels and/or knives should be readied for each sample.
3. Pre-label a zip lock plastic bag in which to place the foil-wrapped sample.
4. Between each composite sample, and if needed between individual fish, cover
I Strictly Proprietary (Red): Disclosure strictly limited to persons on a managed list. Contact
Proprietary (YetlowJ: Disclosure limited to persons confidentially bound to Weyerhaeuser on a need 10 know basis.
Non-Proprietary (Green): Disclosure unlimited.
PLY/94/93PFISDX.DOC 3/9/94
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A RESEARCH REPORT
ES& T Southern Environmental Field Station
Research & Development
Projecr No. 044-9309
Page 32 of39
the cutting board surface with clean aluminum foil. This foil shall not be pre-rinsed
with solvents, but muscle sample shall not be directly placed on this foil. Wear a
new pair of disposable latex gloves for each sample, also changing gloves anytime
contamination from any source is suspected.
5. Scale the fillet area to be removed using a solvent-rinsed utensil, then rinse the
outer surface of the fillet area with distilled water. The same utensil generally
could be used for scaling each fish in the sample without re-cleaning, but shall not
be used to cut into the fish.
6. Using a clean blade, remove the fillet without cutting into the body cavity if
possible. If it is a catfish, turn the fillet over (skin down) onto the foil and cut the
fillet away from the skin. Then using scissors or a blade cut the fillet into small
pieces, dropping the pieces into a solvent-rinsed jar which is sufficiently large to
hold and mix all the fillets for the composite sample.
7. Repeat the procedure (steps 5 and 6) for the right fillet if needed.
8. Use a separate blade to open the body cavity to determine the sex of the fish.
Record the gender if it can be determined visually (presence of ovaries or testes). If
sex is not possible to determine, record "U" for unknown.
9. Remove the Tag from the fish carcass, dispose of the carcass and continue with
the next specimen for the same composite sample. The blade and scissors used to
fillet the previous fish can be reused without solvent rinsing, unless contamination
from another source other than the muscle tissue is suspected.
10. When the composite sample is complete, place the solvent-rinsed aluminum
foil over the mouth of the jar and shake the jar to mix the pieces. If needed, use a
solvent rinsed utensil to mix the pieces. When well mixed, pour the fillet pieces
onto the foil and wrap the foil tightly around the sample.
11. Place a piece of tape around the foil-wrapped sample, marking the sample
number on the tape. Place the sample in the labeled zip-lock bag and freeze the
sample. Prepare a sample analysis request sheet, making sure the sample number
is on the sheet. This sheet will act as a chain-of-custody for the lot of samples.
12. Clean the utensils, rinsing with the solvents in preparation for the next sam-
ple. Use a new, clean foil cover on the cutting board.
I Strictly Proprietary (Red): Disclosure strictly limited to persons on a managed list. Contact
Proprietary (Yellow): Disclosure limited to persons confidentially bound to Weyerhaeuser on a need to know basis.
Non-Propriotriry (Green): Disclosure unlimited.
PLY/94/93PFISDX.DOC 3/9/94
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RESEARCH REPORT
ES&T Southern Environmental Field Station
Research & Development
C.2.c AnaJytjcaJ Methods
Project No. 044-9309
Page 33 of39
Homogenization of the fish composites and primary dioxin analyses were done at
the Weyerhaeuser Analytical Testing laboratory in Federal Way, Washington. The
procedures were done using EPA Method 8290 with reporting limits < 1 ppt for
dioxins. Lipid content (%) of the fillets was also determined. Analysis of
duplicate aliquots from three samples were done by ALT A Analytical Laboratory
Inc., El Dorado Hills, CA using EPA Method 8290. All dioxin and furan data were
reported as parts per trillion (ppt) on a wet weight basis.
Specific methodology was provided by the analytical laboratories on the following
three pages.
Strictly Proprietary (Red): Disclosure strictly limited to persons on ·a managed list. Contact
Proprietary (Yellow): Disclosure limited to persons confidentially bound to Weyerhaeuser on a need to know basis.
Non-Proprietary (Green): Disclosure unlimited.
PLY/94/93PFISDX.DOC 3/9/94
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Analytical and Testing Si!r.,ices
A Weyerhaeuser
CERTIFICATE OF Al~ALYSIS
DIOXIN/FURAL~ REPORT
Service Request Number: SR 13464
Service Request Name: Plymouth Fish Fillets
This is the Certificate of Analysis for the following Samples:
I.
Client Contact: David McHenry
Date Received by Lab: 12/3/1993
Number of Samples: 24
Sample Type(s): Fish fillets
Introduction/Case Narrative
32901 Weyerhaeuser Way South
Federal Way, Washington 98003
Analytical Chemistry Laboratories
Tacoma, Washington 98477
Tel {2061 924 6872
fa, [2061 924 6654
Twentyfour samples were received on December 3, 199:: for the analysis of 2,3,7,8-
TCDD/TCDF and total tetra dioxin and furan as well as % Moisture and % Lipid. These
samples were homogenized in a blender. The samples and a blank were spiked prior to extraction
with an internal standard solution containing 2.0 ng of C13-2,::,7,8,x-CDD/CDF. The Samples
were extracted and cleaned-up using the modified methods described in EPA Method 8290.
Extracts were analyzed by High Resolution GC/MS operating in the selected ion monitoring
mode for enhanced sensitivity. Three samples were sent to Alta Analytical for outside QA.
Reviewed and Approved:
Dennis M Catalano
Project Manager
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Page 2
Dare: 2/11/94
Ser.ice Request Number: SR 13464
II. Analvtical Results and Merhodologv
SA.Ml'LE PREPARATION
The samples were blended while still frozen. An aliquot of the homogenized tissue was mixed
v,ith sodium sulfate and blended again and placed in a soxhlet thimble. The samples were spiked
with the internal standard solution described above and extracted for 16 hours with Toluene
usi..r:g Soxhlet Dean Stark (SDS). Immediately following extraction and prior to any cleanup
procedures, the extracts were spiked with a cleanup recovery surrogate standard (37Cl4-2,3,7,8-
TCDD) to monitor losses through the cleanup.
SA--'\ll'LE CLEAl'ffiP
To 2..id in the removal of chemical interferences, the samples and the blank were cleaned up using
firs; a silica gel pre-column cleanup. Following a solvent exchange step, the residues were
cle0-~ed up with two or more column chromatographic procedures. Just prior to HRGC/HRJ.\1S
an2.iysis, a recovery standard (C13-l,2,3,4-TCDD) was added to all final extracts.
GC/MS Al~AL YSIS
Two ul of the concentrated extract was injected into the HRGC/HRJ.\1S system capable of
per:"orming selected ion monitoring at resolving powers of at least 10,000. The identification of
the PCDD and PCDF was based on the elution v,ithin the retention windows for each congener,
the simultaneous detection of the M+ and M+2 ions, on a comparison of the ratio of the
integrated ion abundance of these ions to the theoretical abundance ratio, and peak signal to noise
ratio of >2.5: 1 for both ions. The column used for this analysis was a 60M DB-5 fused silica
capillary column. A five point calibration plot was analyzed prior to the analysis of any samples.
Shi:.i: standards were run every twelve hours to determine if the instrument was still within
sp~ifications for this method. The response from the shift standard was used to calculate the
coi:centration of analyte in the samples.
GC/MS RES UL TS
Tne results of the analysis are reported in ppt (pg/g) on frozen fresh weight basis. A detection
li.m.it was calculated from 2.5 times the signal in the area of the elution of the dioxin or furan
coi:gener whenever a sample contains no detectable dioxin or furan. This value is reported in
parenthesis. Moisture results and lipid results are reported on the form.
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Page 3
Date: 2/11/94
Service Request Number: SR 13464
III. Quajitv Control
Blank results are reported. Recoveries of the Internal Standards and Surrogate are re,:orted on
the forms as well. In all cases, recoveries wer within QC limits. Duplicate spike reco·.-eries are
also reported on one sample. AL TAs results are also included with this report.
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RESEARCH REPORT
ES&T Southern Environmental Field Station
Research & Development
C 2.d Data Analysis
Project No. 044-9309
Page 37 of39
Dioxin toxicity equivalent {TEO) is a measure of the summed concentrations of the
chlorinated dioxin and furan congeners, each congener concentration expressed as
the relative ratio of its potential toxicity to that of of 2,3,7,8-TCDD. International
toxicity equivalent factors for human health were used {EPA 1989). In this study,
the 2, 3, 7, 8-and total-tetrachlorinated dioxin and furan congeners were measured.
The reported TEQs therefore represent the concentrations of 2,3,7,8-TCDD and
2,3,7,8 -TCDF. but not other congeners which may have been present.
Data were summarized as arithmetic means by fish species at each station since
that procedure is utilized by the State of North Carolina in their assessment of
dioxin data in fish. Actual fish dioxin data distributions may be represented as log-
normal, which generally warrants using geometric means for data summarization.
Average concentrations were also calculated for fish groups {gam2fish and
catfish/bottom dwellers) and the total of all fish sampled. Time trend analysis was
made by inspection of means; inconsistent fish species among s,ations and over
sampling periods, combined with evidence of species-specific dioxin accumulation,
made more rigorous statistical analyses unwarranted.
Strictfy Proprietary (Red): Disclosure strictly limited to persons on a managed list. Ccntac:
Proprieury (Yello......,: Disclosure limited to persons confidentially bound to Weyerhaeuser ::n a neec :o know basis.
Non-Proprieu1ry (Green): Disclosure unlimited.
PLY/94/93PFISDX.DOC 3/9/94
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A RESEARCH REPORT
ES& T Southern Environmental Field Station
Research & Development
APPENDIX D
Strictly Proprietary (Red}: Disclosure striCtty limited to persons on a managed list. Contact
Project No. 044-9309
Page 38 of39
Proprietary (Yellow}: Disclosure limited to persons confidentially bound to Weyerhaeuser on a need to know basis.
Non-Propriet~ry (Green): Disclosure unlimited.
PLY/94/93PFISDX.DOC 3/9/94
-11111 --------------

-
APPENDIX D. DIOXIN/FURANS AND ANCILLARY DATA OF FISH FROM THE ROANOKE RIVER AND ALBEMARLE SOUND, 1993. •
COMPOSITE ..... I ··-J ·-... I -· I ·--OIOXIN,ppt FURANS,ppt
-------------.. ---------··---·-···------· •H • -••• ••••••---··-·· ····-··· -------·· ··-··-···-------·-----------. -------· ----·--
COLLECTION SAMPLE No.QI LENGTH, cm. WEJGIIT, g. LAB TOTAL 2,3,7,B TOTAL 2,3,7,B % % TEO ---
DATES LOCATION SPECIES No. Fl:sh MIN, MAX. AVG. MIN. MAX. AVG. TCDD TCDO TCDF TCDF Moist lipid ppt
,j 9/14/93
-
Roanoke River Above Williamston Channel Catfish PLY-01-93 10.0 51.0 61. 1 56.8 1220 2410 1779 WTC 1.1 0.78 4.8 0.28 76 6.70 0.808
,J 9/14/93 Roanoke River Above Williamston White Catfish PLY-02-93 7.0 28.6 41.3 36.1 254 968 624 WTC ND(0.041 ND(0.041 0.32 0.32 81 1.30 0.032
J
----
9/14, 10/6, 11/10.19/93 Roanoke River Above Williamston largemouth Bass Pl Y-03-93 5.0 28.1 38.8 32.6 322 800 495 WTC ND(0.04) ND(0.04) 0.41 0.41 78 0.60 0.041
) 10/6, 11111, 19/93 Roanoke River Above Williamston Black Crappie PLY-04-93 5.0 23.0 32.0 25.4 178 431 234 WTC 0.47 0.47 3.3 3.3 80 0.30 0.800
-
J 1017,13/93 Roanoke River @ Marker 1 5 Channel Catfish PlY-11 93 4.0 46.0 65. 1 54.4 830 2720 1565 WTC 5.6 5.6 7.9 2.7 77 6.00 5.870
J 10/7,13/93 Roanoke River @ Marker 1 5 Channel Catfish PLY-11 93DUP 4.0 46.0 65. 1 54.4 830 2720 1565 ALTA 4.2 4.2 4.4 2.5 6.50 4.450
10/6-7,13/93 Roanoke River @ Marker 15 White.Catfish PLY-12-93 8.0 33.4 44.7 38.1 421 1130 705 WTC 1.2 1 .2 2.0 2.0 82 0. 70 1.400
-·-------------------------
V 10112-13/93 Roanoke River @ Marker 15 largemouth Bass PLY·l.0-93 9.0 26.7 38.7 30.4 246 824 419 WTC 0.68 ' 0.68 3.7 3.7 78 0.50 1.050
v: 10/7,12-13/93
.----·--
Roanoke River @ Marker 15 Pumpkinseed PLY-09-93 4.0 16.9 19.3 17.9 98 135 115 WTC ND(0.06) ND(0.06) 0.45 0.45 82 0.10 0.045
J h 0122. 29, 1114. 23193 Chowan River @ Highway 17 Channel Catfish Pl Y-07-93 6.0 39.7 66.1 47.4 533 2890 1084 WTC 11 11 8.3 1.4 77 7.50 11.140
V 10/22,29, 11/4,23/93 Chowan River @ Highway 17 White Catfish Pl Y-08-93 6.0 26.5 40.7 32.4 195 905 440 WTC 1.4 1.4 2.1 2. 1 79 2.10 1.610
1) 10/29/93; 11 /5/93 Chowan River @ Highway 17 Striped Bass PLY-05-93 5.0 33.1 35.2 34.3 388 511 446 WTC 2.2 2.2 12 11 75 3.20 3.300
V 10/22,29, 11/4/93 Chowan River @ Highway 17 White Perch Pl Y-06-93 6.0 20.5 25.6 23.8 125 281 216 WTC 0.82 0.82 4.7 4.7 78 1 .60 1.290
--. -
v 10/20-21/93 Albemarle Sound @ Marker 1 Channel Catfish PLY-13-93 4.0 37.7 43.7 40.2 474 711 574 WTC 3.3 3.3 4.2 3.2 80 4.80 3.620
--·----
V 10/20-21/93 Albomnrlu Sound @ Mnrkor 1 Chnnnul Cul fish PLY-I 3-9:JDUI' 4.0 31.J 4 3."/ 40.2 474 7t I 67'1 ALTA 1.9 1.9 2.6 1.8 6.20 2.080 ----------
'-'l0/21/93 Albemarle Sound @ Marker 1 White Catfish PLY-14-93 7.0 24.7 31.2 29.3 179 376 275 WTC 1.5 1.5 2.1 1.5 82 0.70 1.650
\~ '10/21-21/93 Albemarle Sound @ Marker 1 Striped Bass PLY-15-93 9.0 33. 1 52.3 38. t 353 1240 590 WTC 1 .5 1.5 7.7 7.0 77 1 .70 2.200
' 10/21/93 Albemarle Sound @ Marker 1 White Perch PLY-16-93 4.0 23.1 26.4 24.2 186 286 221 WTC 2.0 2.0 13 11 79 3.20 3.100
~ 10/21/93 Albemarle Sound@ Highway 32 Channel Catfish PLY-19-93 4.0 44.5 64. 1 54.2 754 3450 2095 WTC 17 17 16 10 56 15.00 18.000
-----------------·--
'--10/21/93 Albemarle Sound @ Highway 32 Channel Ca1fish PLY-19-93DUP 4.0 44.5 64.1 54.2 754 3450 2095 ALTA 20 20 ,. 5 11 18.00 21.100
V 10/21 /93 Albemarle Sound@ Highway 32 White Catfish PLY-20-93 6.0 24.8 33.0 30.3 159 1150 440 WTC 1.6 1.6 1 .6 1.6 80 1.760
l, 10/21/93 Albemarle Sound@ Highway 32 Striped Bass PLY-18-93 10.0 22.4 46.1 32.8 239 1700 508 WTC 1.8 1.8 8.6 8.1 78 2.70 2.610
... -------·----· ---·----------·
' 10/21/93 Albemarle Sound@ Highway 32 White Perch PLY-17-93 5.0 22.2 23.9 23.3 174 206 192 WTC 2.7 2.7 18 18 79 3.10 4.500
\
' 10128, 1114/93 Albomnrle Sound off Dull Doy White Catfish PLY·21-93 4.0 31.8 42.3 38.0 395 1050 775 WTC 1.0 1.0 0.90 0.90 82 1.80 1.090
-·----·---------------------·-----------
' 10/28-29, 11/4/93 Albemarle Sound off Bull Bay While Catfish PLY-22-93 4.0 24.9 31.8 29.0 159 337 267 WTC 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 81 0.70 0.530
,. ----·----------------•-------·-----~ --·
J 1 0/29/93 Albemarle Sound off Bull Bay Striped Bass PLY-23-93 7.0 47.1 53.8 49.7 1070 1630 1306 WTC 2.3 2.3 9.9 9.1 74 3.10 3.210
" 10/29/93 Albemarle Sound off Bull Bay Striped Bass PLY-24-93 6.0 33.5 42.2 35.5 368 501 426 WTC 2.3 2.3 10 10 76 3.00 3.300
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To: File
From: G.Doug Rumford~
Date: 6/28/95
Subject: Weyerhauser Co.-Plymouth
Plymouth, Martin County, NC
NCD 991 278 540
Ref. 43
Memorandum
Telephone Conversation with Mr. Richard Gay
On this day, I spoke with Mr. Richard Gay (919-793-8693), Environmental Manager at the
Weyerhauser Plymouth Paper Mill. Mr. Gay told me that the Kieckhefer-Eddy Co. operated a pulp
and wood products mill at the site from 1937 to 1952 when Weyerhauser took over. The bleaching
operation began during the mid-1940's.
Construction of the wastewater treatment facility, including the retention/settling ponds was
done in 1968. Weyerhauser received its first NPDES permit approx. 1975 with the ponds included
as part of the discharge process. As was common practice at the time, the ponds were not
constructed with any type of liner or other engineered control systems. This is also true of the on-
site landfill that was used to dump mercury contaminated wastes from the chlorine production
building. Access to the operational portion of the facility is restricted by a fence and two
guardhouses. Access to the waste treatment ponds area of the site is restricted from the south
by woodlands; Welch Cr. restricts access from the east. The site is patrolled by 24-hour security.