NCD986232379_19980930_Greshams Lake Industrial Park_SERB ESI_Expanded Site Inspection Report-OCR

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NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF
ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES
DIVISION OF WASTE MANAGEMENT
September 30, 1998
Mr. Phil Vorsatz
NC Site Management Section Chief
EPA Region IV Waste Division
I 00 Alabama Street, 11th Floor
Atlanta, Georgia 30303
RE: Expanded Site Inspection Report
Greshams Lake Industrial Park site, NCO 986 232 379
Raleigh, Wake County, North Carolina
Dear Mr. Vorsatz:
Enclosed herewith is the Expanded Site Inspection (ES!) Report by the North
Carolina Superfund Section for Greshams La'.'.e Industrial Park site, NCO 986 232
379, Raleigh, Wake County, NC. The Gresh=s Lake Industrial Park site is located
on the outskirts of northeastern Raleigh, NC. The term "site" refers to ABLE
Manufacturing Company and industries near ABLE that have wells contaminated
with chlorinated hydrocarbons. Most of the previous investigations have centered on
the ABLE property al 3220 Northside Drive. Extensive groundwater monitoring
within the area has shown the presence of several chlorinated hydrocarbons including
cis-1,2-dichloroethene, trichloroethene, and vinyl chloride. There are a number of
private and conununity wells within a 4-mile radius of the site. The closest drinking
water well is on the ABLE Manufacturing property. Several of the industries within
the Greshams Lake Industrial Park area, including ABLE Manufacturing, were
advised by the NC Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Section not to
consume and/or bath for long periods of time in the water.
Because of the number of drinking water wells that are contaminated with
chlorinated hydrocarbons and the number of employees they served, and the potential
for migration of the plume(s), the NC Superfund Section recommends Greshams
Lake Industrial Park site for further federal action under CERCLA. lfyou have any
questions, please contact me at [phone] ext. 316.
enclosure
Sincerely,
K-un n0.Li,1ut K, ~w
~phanie K. GrubM .
Hydrogeologist
Special Remediation Branch
NC Superfund Section
401 OBERLIN AOAO, SUITE 150, RALEIGH, NC 27605
PHONE 919·733•4996 FAX 919•715-3605
AN EQUAL OPPORTUNITY/ AFFIRMATIVE ACTION EMPLOYER• 50% RECYCLED/10% POST-CONSUMER PAPER
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E-.:panded Site J11.1pection ,,
Greslrnms Lake Industrial Park
NCD 986 232 379
Raleigh, Wake County, North Carolina
Reference No. 061 I 7
September I 998
S11perfi111d Section
Division of Waste Management
Nor//, Carolina Department o{ E111•iron111enl
and Natural Resources
Prepared hy:
,'} , , /~/1 (IJ1 jj K ~,h/Q<J)
l:tepl11111ie K. Gnhhs
Hydrogeologist
Bruce Nicholson, Bmnc/, Head
,\11ecial Re111cdiation l!mnch
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1.0 INTRODUCTION ................................................ I
2.0 SITE DESCRIPTION ............................................. I
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
Location ................................................... I
Site Description ............................................. I
Operational History and Waste Characteristics ..................... I
Regulatory History and Previous Investigations .................... 4
3.0 WASTE/SOURCE SAMPLING .................................... 13
3.1 Sample Locations ........................................... 13
3 .2 Analytical Results .......................................... I 3
3 .3 Conclusions ............................................... 13
4.0 GROUNDWATER PATHWAY .................................... 13
4.1 Hydrogeology ............................................. 13
4.2 Groundwater Targets ........................................ 17
4.3 Sample Locations ........................................... 18
4.4 Analytical Results .......................................... 19
4.5 Conclusions ............................................... 19
5.0 SURFACE WATER PATHWAY ................................... 20
5.1 Hydrologic Setting. . . . ...................................... 20
5.2 Surface Water Targets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
5.3 Sample Locations ........................................... 22
5.5 Conclusions ............................................... 22
6.0 SOILEXPOSUREANDAIRPATHWAY ........................... 22
6.1 Physical Conditions ......................................... 22
6.2 Soil and Air Targets ........................................ 22
6.3 Soil Sample Location ....................................... 23
6.4 Soil Exposure Pathway Conclusions ............................ 24
7.0 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS ................................ 24
PHOTOGRAPHS
APPENDIX A-1990 and 1991 DEM/Superfund Investigation
APPENDIX B-1991 Trigon Engineering Investigation
APPENDIX C-1992 DEM Investigation
APPENDIX D-1996 Superfund PA/SI Investigation
APPENDIX E-1998 Superfund ES! Investigation
REFERENCES
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TABLE I:
TABLE 2:
TABLE 3:
TABLE 4:
TABLE 5:
TABLE 6:
LIST OF TABLES
Summary of the Analytical Data Collected by Trigon Engineering Consultants on
July 22, 1991 ..................................................... 5
Summary of the Groundwater Data Collected by the DEM during the 1992
Investigation ...................................................... 9
Summary of the Significant Analytical results collected during the Combined
PA/SI on June 11, 1996 by the NC Superfund Section ..................... 9
Summary of the Groundwater, Sediment, and Soil Samples Collected during the
ES! in April 1998 ................................................. 14
Population Currently Using Groundwater as a Source of Potable Water within
4-miles of the Greshams Lake Industrial Park Site ....................... 18
Population Estimate within 4-miles of the Site .......................... 23
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LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE 1. Four-mile radius topographic and sensitive environments map .............. 2
FIGURE 2: Site Layout Map of the Greshams Lake Industrial Park .................... 3
FIGURE 3. Sample Location Map showing Monitoring Wells and Soil Sample Locations
during the 1991 Trigon Engineering investigation ........................ 6
FIGURE 4. 1992 Division of Environmental Management Sampling Locations ........... 7
FIGURE 5. 11996 NC Superfund Section PA/SI Sampling Location .................. 12
FIGURE 6. 1998 NC Superfund Section ESI Sampling Location Map ................. 16
FIGURE 7. 15-Milc Surface Water Pathway Map ................................. 21
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The Greshams Lake Industrial Park site, NCO 986 232 379, is located on the outskirts of
northeastern Raleigh, Wake County, North Carolina. The area consists of several industrial
properties within the park. The term "site" refers to ABLE Manufacturing Company and industries
near ABLE that have drinking water wells contaminated with chlorinated hydrocarbons. Most of the
investigations have centered on the ABLE property at 3220 Northside Drive. The "site" properties
included ABLE Manufacturing, the former Halliburton Industries, Billings and Garrett Utility
Contractors, and REA Construction Company. Several investigations of the Greshams Lake
Industrial Park have been centered on ABLE Manufacturing, and there is a considerable amount of
data available. The property consists of a 1.8 acre tract of land which gently slopes to the south
toward Greshams Lake. The immediate vicinity is industrial, but within 0.50 mile, residential
properties exist. Groundwater wells that were previously used for drinking are currently only used
for supply purposes. The industries and residences within the area have the option of being
connected to the Raleigh municipal water supply. The closest drinking water well is located in front
of the ABLE building, near Northside Drive.
ABLE Manufacturing Company operated a metal fabricating facility from 1989 until 1993,
when the company closed. From the late 1970s until 1989, the property was owned by South State
Engineering, a tool and dye manufacturer. When ABLE purchased the property, South State
removed a large pile of metal turnings that had accumulated behind the plant building. Presently,
scraps of metal and tunings are still visible in the location of the former pile.
Extensive groundwater investigations have been conducted at the ABLE property, as well
as the other surrounding facilities. These investigations were conducted by various divisions within
the NC Department of Environment and Natural Resources (NCDENR) and the NC Department of
Health and Human Services (NCDHHS). They have shown chlorinated solvent contamination
throughout a wide area of the industrial park including in the ABLE drinking water well which was
subsequently closed. These investigations, however, have been unable to prove ABLE as the sole
source for the chlorinated hydrocarbon contamination.
On June 11, 1996, the NC Superfund Section conducted a combined Preliminary Assessment
and Site Inspection (PA/SI) at Grcshams Lake Industrial Park. Wells downgradient were sampled
as well as several locations along the surface water pathway. Two drinking water wells were
impacted with chlorinated hydrocarbons, including the well at the former Halliburton facility and
the well at Charlie Brown's Catering. The drinking water well at Billings and Garrett contained
methyl-I-butyl ether. The analytical data indicated that the surface water pathway contained no
constituents attributable to the site above detection limits. Areas of surface soil contamination with
bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate had been identified on the ABLE property, but the concentration was
below health-based benchmarks. The site was recommended for an Expanded Site Investigation.
On April 27-29, 1998, the NC Superfund Section conducted an Expanded Site Inspection at
the Greshams Lake Industrial Park. Chlorinated hydrocarbons were detected in the drinking water
well at ABLE and within several monitoring wells surrounding the facility. During the ES!, the
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former ABLE drinking water well was re-sampled and the presence of vinyl chloride that had
previously been detected in 1992 was confirmed. The surface water pathway was not sampled
during the ESI, due to the fact that no attributable contaminants were detected during the PA/SI. The
septic tanks at ABLE and the former Halliburton facility were sampled as potential sources. The
ABLE tank contained estimated values of 1,1-dichloroethane, benzene, toluene, chlorobenzcne,
(methylethyl)benzene, and trimethylbenzene. The tank at the former Halliburton facility found levels
of toluene, chlorobenzene, (3-4)methylphenol and an estimated value of(methylethyl)benzcne. Soil
samples were also collected from potential source areas, the former turnings pile area and the loading
dock area. No contaminants were detected above health-based benchmarks.
Because of the number of drinking water wells that are contaminated with chlorinated
hydrocarbons and the number of employees they served, and the potential for migration of the
plume(s), the NC Superfund Section recommends Greshams Lake Industrial Park site for further
federal action under CERCLA.
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1.0 INTRODUCTION
Under the authority of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and
Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA), the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986
(SARA), and a cooperative agreement with the United States Environmental Protection Agency
(US EPA), Waste Management Division, Region IV, the North Carolina Superfund Section
conducted an Expanded Site Inspection (ES!) at the Greshams Lake Industrial Park site in
Raleigh, Wake County, North Carolina. The purpose of the ES! was to obtain the data necessary
to assess the threat posed by the site to human health and the environment and to complete a
Hazard Ranking System (HRS) score for the site to determine the need for further action under
CERCLA/SARA or other authority. This investigation included reviewing existing files and
sample data, conducting soil, groundwater, and potential source sampling under EPA Contract
Laboratory Program (CLP) protocol, and collecting additional data needed to document HRS
factors.
2.0
2.1
SITE DESCRIPTION
Location
The Greshams Lake Industrial Park site, NCO 986 232 379, is located on the outskirts of
northeastern Raleigh, Wake County, North Carolina. The area consists of several industrial
properties within the park. The term "site" refers to ABLE Manufacturing Company and
industries near ABLE that have drinking water wells contaminated with chlorinated
hydrocarbons. (Figure I, Reference 3). Most of the investigations have centered on the ABLE
property at 3220 Northside Drive. The site coordinates are 35° 52' 59" north latitude and 78° 34'
54" west longitude, based on the northeast corner of the ABLE Manufacturing building
(Reference 4). The "site" properties included ABLE Manufacturing, the former Halliburton
Industries, Billings and Garrett Utility Contractors, and REA Construction Company (Figure 2,
Reference 3).
2.2 Site Description
Since several investigations of the Greshams Lake Industrial Park have been centered on
ABLE Manufacturing, there is a considerable amount of data available on the ABLE property.
The property consists of a 1.8 acre tract of land which gently slopes to the south toward
Greshams Lake (Reference 3). The immediate vicinity is industrial but within 0.25 mile,
residential properties exist. Bedrock outcrops of mica gneiss are visible on site. Groundwater
wells that were previously used for drinking are currently only used for supply purposes. The
industries and residences within the area have the option of being connected to the Raleigh
municipal water supply (Reference 5). A drinking water well is located in front of the building
near Northside Drive (Reference 6, Photographs). During a site reconnaissance on October 31,
1995, Superfund personnel observed a large manufacturing building with loading docks, several
drums which have appeared to have leaked, a dumpster, and two empty truck trailers (Reference
7). Currently, no drums or dumpsters are on site but the two empty truck trailers are still at
ABLE (Photographs). The loading dock area is stained and the concrete in some areas is
corroded (Reference 6).
2.3 Operational History and Waste Characteristics
ABLE Manufacturing Company operated a metal fabricating facility from I 989 until
1993, when the company closed. From the late 1970s until 1989, the property was owned by
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7. Background drinking water well
8. Lincoln Park North Complex
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South State Engineering, a tool and dye manufacturer (Reference 14). When ABLE purchased
the property, South State removed a large pile of metal turnings that had accumulated behind the
plant building (Reference I 5). The metal turnings pile was reported to be approximately 20 foot
by 45 foot area and 4 foot in height and located in the southwest portion of the property.
Presently, scraps of metal and tunings are still visible in the location of the former pile
(Reference 16). On June 11, 1991, Superfund Section personnel observed stressed vegetation at
the former pile location (Reference 7). A former employee of both South State and ABLE
reported that trichloroethylene was used at the site, although it was his belief that the use was
"limited" (Reference 8). A degreasing unit that used chlorinated solvents had been used for years
but was replaced with a Safety-Kleen unit that did not use solvents (Reference 8).
Other businesses within the Greshams Lake area were possibly using chlorinated
solvents. The REA Construction facility on Greshams Lake Road was a former asphalt plant run
by the NC Department of Transportation (NC DOT). In 1989 the NC DOT conducted a survey
of the properties on which I, I, I trichloroethane, carbon tetrachloride, or any other of their
residual decomposed constituents to determine if contaminants still remain (Reference 35). The
REA Construction property on Greshams Lake Road was one of the NC DOT former properties
that used chlorinated hydrocarbons (Reference 35). A employee of REA Construction has stated
that chlorinated hydrocarbons were disposed of on the REA property (Reference 16). Another
business that may have used chlorinated hydrocarbons is Halliburton Industries. No information
is available on the former Halliburton facility or what chemicals were used at the facility. But
employees at other businesses within the area stated that Halliburton used large quantities of
chemicals (Reference 36). On April 1992, Halliburton Services sent a letter to the Division of
Health Services stating that "the facility located near Raleigh does not generate or dispose of
hazardous waste material". In the letter, they stated that the facility was a shop for repairing and
storing mobile equipment not a hazardous waste generator and that "any waste generated during
the course of an industrial cleaning job will be generated by a customer whose site material has
been generated on. And our customer makes arrangements for proper generator authority."
(Reference 3 7).
Extensive groundwater monitoring within the area has shown the presence of several
chlorinated hydrocarbons including cis-1,2-dichloroethene, trichloroethene, and vinyl chloride.
No single source has been identified and multiple sources are a possibility. A second plume
containing petroleum constituents, such as methyl-t-butyl ether (MTBE) have been identified by
the groundwater data. A leaking above-ground storage tank at the Halliburton facility was
removed in 1990 by ATEC Environmental under the recommendation of the DEM, Groundwater
Section (Reference 17).
2.4 Regulatory History and Previous Investigations
Extensive groundwater investigations have been conducted at the ABLE property, as well
as the other surrounding facilities. These investigations by several Department of Environment
and Natural Resources (DENR) divisions and the Department of Health and Human Services
(DI-II-IS) have been unable to prove ABLE as the sole source for the chlorinated hydrocarbon
contamination. In 1989, the DHHS found evidence of chlorinated hydrocarbons in the ABLE's
drinking water well. Results revealed the presence of vinyl chloride at 5.4 micrograms/liter
(ug/1), 1-2-dichlororethylene at 135.3 ug/1 and trichloroethylene at 98.5 ug/1. In 1990 and 1991,
investigations by the DENR Superfund Section and Division of Environmental Management
(DEM, currently the Division of Water Quality) revealed evidence of chlorinated hydrocarbons
in the drinking water at ABLE and several other facilities drinking water wells upgradicnt,
downgradient, and cross-gradient of the ABLE property (Appendix A). Drinking water wells
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within the area contained trichloroethylene as high as 26.7 ug/1 in the well approximately 0.25
mile south of the ABLE property at Charlie Brown's Catering Restaurant. A drinking water well
just north of the ABLE property on Northside Drive, the former Halliburton Industries, contained
cis-1,2-dichloroethylene at 28.6 ug/1. Soil on the ABLE property revealed levels of bis(2-
ethylhexyl)phthalate at 18 milligrams/kilogram (mg/kg) and 32 mg/kg. See Appendix A for the
complete analytical results of the 1989 Superfund Section and DEM investigation.
In I 99 I, the president and owner of ABLE Manufacturing, Mr. Wallace Green,
contracted Trigon Engineering to conduct a site investigation of the property (Reference 8).
Samples were collected in July and September of I 991 and five monitoring well and one
drinking water well contained levels of chlorinated hydrocarbons above "the state standard
concentrations". Vinyl chloride was detected at 10 ug/1, as well as trans-1,2-dichloroethenc at 2
ug/1, and tetrachloroethene at I ug/1 in the drinking water well at ABLE. Soil samples were
collected from the loading dock area, the former metal turnings disposal area, and from soil
boring beneath the ABLE building. Results indicated that soil sampled contained no petroleum
hydrocarbons or chlorinated hydrocarbons above the quantitation limits of the analytical methods
used (Reference 8, Appendix B). Table I is a summary table of the Trigon results, see Appendix
B for the complete analytical results of the Trigon Investigation. Figure 3 includes the location
of all the wells that were installed and sampled during the Trigon investigation.
TABLE 1. Summary of the Analytical Data Collected by Trigon Engineering Consultants
on July 22, 1991, results reported in ug/1. [Blank entries indicate the concentration was not
above quantitation limit of analytical method.]
MW-I MW-2 MW-3 MW-4 MW-5 ABLE Blanks
Contaminant Dw(a)
Chloroform 2
I, 1-dichlorocthcne 8
trans 1,2-dichloroethenc 41 2
Tetrachloroethane 1
I, I, I-trichloroethane 13 12 34 7 I
Trichloroethene 17 17 75
Vinyl chloride 10
(a) ABLE Manufacturing Drinking water well.
In 1992, the Division of Environmental Management (DEM) conducted an extensive
investigation of the groundwater contamination at the site. Approximately I 6 monitoring wells
were installed and sampled, as well as samples collected from the 5 monitoring wells installed by
Trigon and the drinking water/supply wells at ABLE and Halliburton. Forty soil samples were
collected during the installation of nine of the monitoring wells. Soil samples north of ABLE
were contaminated with chlorinated hydrocarbons and petroleum constituents, the highest values
being 57 ug/kg 1,4-dichlorobenzene, 46 ug/mg chlorobenzene, 20 ug/mg 1,3-dichlorobenzene,
9.8 mg/kg naphthalene, 3.1 ug/kg 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene and 2 ug/kg 2-chlorotoluene. Figure 4
5
268
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268.5
---~ D:rnestic Well L,xation
~ i<onitoring Well location
~:;-i!and auser sample location
3
North Carolina
Tor..cgraphic Contour and
Elevation (Data :supplied by
ABLE M,-JJ1ufacturing)
E!:;tirr.:1tec1 Groundwater ContoL)l-
and Eleva U.on (!?.ctsed up::>n
elevnl.i.on data suppl..i.E..'Cl Uy
ABLE Ma.n~.f.actu.rinyi
TRIGJN F.NGi:llEFR[NG (D[·l.SUT.,'J'i\l·f.l'::...;, n,;c ._
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ABLE ~1anufc.1cturJ.ng I Inc -
Site
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plan ,,..,i th tq:c~rraphic and qroundwa l:e;: con tom:~;;
o~""'"" ,,,,-~."
Title: Sample Location Map showing monitoring wells and soil sample locations during the 1991 Trigon
Engineering Investigation l)ivision of
•lastc Management
13uperfund Section
Scale:Not Lu Scale 1Date:September 1998 D:caw1J By: Triqon
Site Name:Greshams Lake Industrial Park 1\JCD 9 8 5 2 3 2 J 7 9
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shows the locations of all the wells (monitoring and drinking/supply) that were sampled either
during the DEM investigation. Table 2 is a summary table for the DEM sampling results, sec
Appendix C for the complete analytical results of the DEM Investigation. After the investigation,
the DEM requested the Wake County Health Department to sample septage from the septic tank
at ABLE to possible delineate a source. Chlorinated hydrocarbons and petroleum products were
detected, 11 ug/1 trichloroethene, 5.4 benzene, I 04 ug/1 cis-1,2-dichloroethene, 3.3 ug/1
chloroform, 37.9 ug/1 toluene, and 57.3 ug/1 xylenes (Reference 9).
During a site reconnaissance on October 31, 1995 Superfund personnel observed several
old and corroded drums on the loading dock which seemed to have leaked, a dumpster, and two
empty truck trailers. The ABLE manufacturing building at the time seemed to have been
abandoned. (Reference 7).
On January 8, 1996, the State of North Carolina, Hazardous Waste Section notified Mr.
Green of a hazardous waste violation at the ABLE facility (Reference I 0). On November 2,
1995, personnel of the Hazardous Waste Section responded to a complaint involving the storage
and disposal of unknown materials. Numerous 55-gallon drums (a minimum of sixteen) were
observed on the loading dock and "oil like" stains were observed on the side wall of the loading
dock. Mr. Green was asked to comply with the Hazardous Waste requirements (Reference I 0).
On June 11, 1996, the NC Superfund Section conducted a combined Preliminary
Assessment and Site Inspection (PA/SI) at Grcshams Lake Industrial Park (Reference I I). This
investigation was conducted to supplement analytical data from previous investigations and to
determine if contaminants had migrated to downstream targets from the site via the groundwater
and surface water pathways. Wells downgradient were sampled as well as several locations
along the surface water pathway. Samples were analyzed for selected metals, semi-volatile
organic and volatile organic compounds. Two drinking water wells were impacted with
chlorinated hydrocarbons, the well al the former Halliburton facility contained IO ug/1 cis-1,2-
dichloroethene and the well at Charlie Brown's Catering contained 30 ug/1 trichlorocthylene
(Reference, Appendix D). The drinking water well at Billings and Garrett contained 7 ug/1 of
methyl-t-butyl ether (Reference 11, Appendix D). The analytical data indicated that no
constituents attributable to the site were found at levels above detection limits in the surface
water pathway. Areas of surface soil contamination with bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate had been
identified on the ABLE property, but the concentration of 32 mg/kg is below health-based
benchmarks (Reference 11, Appendix D). Table 3 is a summary table for the Superfund PA/SI
sampling results, sec Appendix D for the complete analytical results of the PA/SI Investigation.
Refer to Figure 5 for all the sampling locations during the PA/SI Investigation.
The Hazardous Waste Section conducted a follow-up investigation on September 23,
1997 (Reference 12). Four samples were collected; one of the debris on the loading dock and
three surface soil samples from beneath the loading dock. Arsenic (14 mg/kg), Barium (49
mg/kg), cadmium (27 mg/kg), chromium (300 mg/kg), lead (320 mg/kg) and bis(2-
ethylhexyl)phthalatc (237 mg/kg) were detected in the debris on the loading dock. The highest
results within the three soil samples were barium (94 mg/kg), chromium (240 mg/kg), and lead
(59 mg/kg) (Reference 12).
The Division of Environmental Health monitors several wells within two miles of the
site. Data from the final quarter of 1995 and the first quarter of 1996 reveal low levels of
chlorinated hydrocarbons in the drinking water well at REA Construction Co., approximately
0.17 mile from ABLE, and Homestead Village Mobile Home Park located 0.9 mile of ABLE
(Reference 13).
8
TABLE 2: Summary of the Groundwater data collected by the DEM during the 1992 Investigation, all concentrations are given in ug/1.
tri-
chloroethene
ABLE OW 50
MW-1 1.2
MW-1A 24
MW-2 0.98
MW-2A 62
MW-3 12
MW-4 0.7
MW-5 T
MW-6 4.3
MW-6A 1
MW-9
MW-9A 7.7
MW-11 1.9
MW-11A 12
MW-12 5.5
MW-12A 3.6
MW-13A 3.6
MW-14A
MW-15
MW-15A
MW-1A soil
MW-9A soil
MW-6A soil
MW-12 soil 1.8
MW-12A soil
MW-13A soil
MW-15 soil
MW-15A soil
T -trace quantities
Blank entry -non-detect
cis-1,2-trans-1,2-tetra-
dichloroethene dichloroethene chloroethene
146 2 0.39
2.9 3
45 T
2.2 1.3
120 1.4 0.74
13 1.4
0.84
T
5.2
0.76
T
12
11
46 T
1.3
1.3 T
1.3 T
T
1.8
tetra-1, 1-di-1,1-di-chloro-1,3-di-1,2,4-tri 1,4-di-
chloroethane chloroethene chloroethane benzene chlorobenzene chlorobenzene chlorobenzene
24 11 3.9 1.6 3.7
16 12 1.6 0.41
' 0.4 T 0.38
19 7.7 1.3 0.29 i 0.56
13 7.4
2.3 0.75
0.83
0.61
1 1 3.4
0.29
46 20 3.1 57
7.4 4 T 8.3
chloro-chloro-isopropyl MTBE form toluene toluene
1.2
T
0.53
0.44
T 9.8
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I TABLE 3: Summary of significant analytical results collected during the Combined PA/SI on
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June 11, 1996 by the NC Superfund Section
SAMPLE ID LOCATION ORGANICS (ppb) TOTAL METALS (ppm)
GL-001-PW Lincoln Park Acetone 6J Barium 0.06
North (Upgradient Methylene Chloride Trace Chromium 0.01
well) 1,1-Dichloroethane Trace
2-Butanone 2J
Chloroform Trace
1,1,1-Trichloroethane Trace
GL-002-PW Jones well on 2-Butanone lJ Barium 0.05
Vineland Chloroform Trace
GL-003-PW Mettrey well ( old Acetone 31 Barium 0.08
Halliburton well Trans-1,2-Dichloroethene Tr. Lead 0.007
on Northside Cis-1,2-Dichloroethene 10
Drive) Chloroform Trace
Trichloroethylene 41
1,4-Dichlorobenzene Trace
GL-004-PW Charlie Brown's Acetone 51 Barium 0.04
Catering Service Methylene Chloride lJ Copper 0.06
well T rans-1,2-Dichoroethene Tr. Lead 0.006
2-Butanone lJ Zinc 0.14
Cis-1,2-Dichloroethene 21
Chloroform Trace
Trichloroethylene 30
GL-005-P\V Century Precast Acetone 41 Barium 0.05
Steps well Zinc 0.07
GL-006-PW · Billings and Acetone 41 Barium 0.06
Garrett well Chlorofom1 Trace
Methyl-I-Butyl Ether 7
GL-007-PW Drake well on Acetone 41 Barium 0.08
Vineland Chloroform Trace Zinc 0.14
GL-003-PW Lake Center well 2-Butanone Trace Barium 0.08
•, on Clearfield Road Chloroform Trace
I, 1,1-Trichlorocthane Trace
GL-001-SW Durant Lake Acetone 61 -, Barium 0.03
(Background) 2-Butanone lJ
ppb = parts per billion (water: ug/1; soil/sedunent: tig/kg)
ppm= parts per million (water:mg/1; soil/sediment: mg/kg)
C = Possible laboratory contamination or background
PW= Potable Well
SL= Soil
SW= Surface.Water
SD = Sediment
J = Estunatcd Tr. = Trace
: _ _. = <h1inimum Detection Limit Highlighted levels arc _significantly above background
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TABLE 3: Summary of significant analytical results collected during the Combined PA/SI on
June 11,1996 by the NC Superfund Section (continued)
SAMPLE ID LOCATION ORGANICS (ppb) TOTAL METALS (ppm)
GL-002-SW Perry Creek Acetone 9J Barium 0.16
upstream of Methylene Chloride lJ Chromium 0.02
landfill Toluene Trace Lead 0.11
GL-003-SW Perry Creek Acetone 9J Barium 0.16 Zinc 0.06
downstream of 2-Butanone lJ Chromium 0.02 Lead 0.011
landfill Toluene Trace
GL-004-SW Wetlands Benzene Trace Barium 0.08
GL-005-SW GresharnsLake Acetone 6J Barium 0.07
Methylene Chloride 3J
2-Butanone Trace
Benzene Trace
GL-105-SW Gresharns Lake Acetone 6J Barium 0.06
(Duplicate) Methylene Chloride 1J
2-Butanone lJ
GL-00 I-SD Durant Lake u Barium 16
(Backgr0tm.d) Zinc 14
GL-002-SD Perry Creek Acetone 7 J, C Barium 10
upstream of Methylene Chloride 1.5J,C Zinc 0.12
· landfill Carbon Disulfide Trace
GL-003-SD Perry Creek u Barium 24
downstream of Zinc 14
landfill
GL-004-SD Wetlnr.ds u Barium 33 Zinc 14
-
GL-005-SD Greshams Lake u Barium 57 Chromium 2';
Copper 12 Zinc 27
GL-105-SD Lake Duplicate u Barium 55 Chromium 27
Copper 12 Zinc 27
GL-001-TB Trip blank Acetone 4J 2-Butanone lJ
GL-001-PB Preservative blank u
ppb = parts per billion (water: ug/1; soil/sediment: ug/kg) PW= Potable Well SW= Surface Water
ppm= parts per million (watcr:mg/1; soil/sediment: mg/kg) SL= Soil SD= Sediment
C = Possible laboratory contamination er background J = Estimated Tr.= Trace
U = <Mffimum Detection LUnit H..ig,hlighted levels arc significantly above backgrow1d
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Camp
Durant ---
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[r:.-;.::e No: ITit~e: 1996 NC Superfund Section ?A/SI sampling loc6:!c~~
f.....------------1
!No::~ Carolina Division ! c:: ~as t~ l-!,3,na9·ernent
! l S~perfund Section
I
!Oat.?.: September 1998
jSite Na~e: Gres!ia~s Lake Industrial ?ark
1996 Combined PA/SI Sampling Locations
I. ABLE Manufacturing Company
2. Billings and Garrett, Inc.
GL-006-PW
3. Charlie Brown's Catering Service
GL-004-PW
4. Century Precast Steps
GL-005-PW
5. Jones Well-Vineland Drive
GL-002-PW
6. Drake Well-Vineland Drive
GL-007-PW
7. Lake Center-Clearfield Road
GL-008-PW
8. Perry Creek upstream of Quarry
GL-003-SW/SD
9. Perry Creek downstream of Quarry
GL-004-SWISD
10. PPE at Greshams Lake
GL-005-SW/SD
11. Perry Creek 300' into wetland
GL-004-SW/SD
12. Durant Lake
GL-001-SW/SD
13. Lincoln Park North
GL-001-PW
14. Former Halliburton
GL-003-PW
15. Overhead Door Company
(no sample)
16. \\'eeks Construction Company
(no sample)
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3.0 WASTE/SOURCE SAMPLING
3.1 Sample Locations
The DEM conducted extensive soil sampling to determine the source of contamination at
and surrounding the ABLE property. Section 2.2, Table 2, Figure 2, and Appendix B of this
report reviews the data and sampling locations of the DEM investigation. Groundwater
contamination with chlorinated hydrocarbon and petroleum constituents has been documented
since the late 1980s but no source(s) has been clearly identified. Potential sources have been
sampled previously by the DEM and the Wake County Health Department. As stated previously,
the septic tank at ABLE had been sampled and chlorinated hydrocarbons were present, 11 ug/1
trichloroethene, 5.4 benzene, 104 ug/1 cis-1,2-dichloroethene, 3.3 ug/1 chloroform, 37.9 ug/1
toluene, and 57.3 ug/1 xylenes.
Because this septic tank appeared to be a potential source, this tank and another at the
former Halliburton facility were sampled during the ES!. Also, soil samples from the loading
dock area and the former turning pile were sampled, as well as the septic tanks at ABLE and the
former Halliburton Industries (Reference 16, Photographs).
3.2 Analytical Results
Analytical results from the soil samples from the loading dock and pile area indicate no
chlorinated hydrocarbons present. The septic tank at ABLE contained estimated values of I, 1-
dichloroethanc (4, 1 00J ug/kg), benzene (1,700J ug/kg), toluene (9,8001 ug/kg), chlorobenzene
(2, 1001 ug/kg), (methylethyl)benzene (90,0001N ug/kg) and trimethylbenzene (300,0001N
ug/kg). The septic tank at the former Halliburton facility found levels of toluene (96,000 ug/kg),
chlorobenzenc (27,000 ug/kg), (3-4)methylphenol (40,000 ug/kg) arid an estimated value of
(methylethyl)benzene (90,000 JN ug/kg). Table 4 is a summary of the ES! sampling data for the
soil and sediment samples. Figure 6 is the sampling location map for the ES!. Appendix E
contains all the CLP data for the ESI sampling event.
3.3 Conclusions
Groundwater contamination with chlorinated hydrocarbon and petroleum constituents has
been documented since the late 1980s but no source(s) has been clearly identified. Based on the
sampling results which found chlorinated solvents, the septic tank at ABLE Manufacturing may
be one of many sources of chlorinated solvents. Halliburton's septic tank contained hazardous
constituents as well but no chlorinated solvents. Although ABLE is not likely to be the sole
source it has been determined with reasonable certainty and CLP data to have contributed to the
chlorinated solvents in the groundwater. REA Construction stated that the NC Department of
Transportation asphalt testing laboratory dumped chlorinated solvents onto the ground at its
facility (Reference 16).
4.0
4.1
GROUNDWATER PATHWAY
Hydrogeolog,y
The site is located in central Wake County on the northeastern outskirts of Raleigh, North
Carolina. Wake County mostly lies within the Piedmont physiographic province. The topography
is gently rolling and interstream areas are generally broad and flat. There are bedrock outcrops of
metamorphic rock, consisting mainly of mica gneiss, visible on site. Biotite-feldspar gneiss,
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TABLE 4 : Summary of the Groundwater, Sediment, and Soil Samples Collected During
the ESI in April 1998.
' ,,
All Concentrations are given in uglkg
'c, ' ,, " '" ,;, •,
1, 1-Dichloroethane-4, 1 00J Aluminum-14,000
Benzene-1, 700J Barium-1,200
Septic tank Toluene-9,800J Cadmium-20
GL-001-SD sediment sample Chlorobenzene-2, 1 00J Iron-42,800
at ABLE (Methylethyl)benzene-90,000JN Lead-180
Trimethylbenzene-300,000JN Nickel-250
Zinc-2,600
Toluene-96,000 Aluminum-6,600
Septic tank Chlorobenzene-27,000 Barium-75
GL-002-SD sediment sample (3-4)Methylphenol-40,000 Iron-6,400
at Mettry/Halliburton (Methylethyl)benzene-90,000JN Lead-43
Zinc-760
Acetone-240 Aluminum-42,000
Barium-130
Background soil Cobalt-16
GL-001-SL lron-50,000 sample (depth -3-4') Nickel-17
Vandium-140
Zinc-54
Soil sample Aluminum-59,000
collected from Barium-180
GL-002-SL former drum storage Iron-39,000
area Vanadium-120
(depth -3-4') Zinc-54
Benzo(b/k)fiuoranthene-58J Aluminum-66,000
Duplicate sample of Barium-170
GL-102-SL Iron-35,000 GL-002-SL Vanadium-100
Zinc-53
Aluminum-53,000
Soil sample Barium-230
collected from the Cobalt-20
GL-003-SL former turnings pile Iron-35,000
area Nickel-17
( depth -3-4') Vanadium-97
Zinc-130
1, 1, 1-trichloroethane-3J
GL-004-MW Trigon MW
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TABLE 4 : Summary of the Groundwater, Sediment, and Soil Samples Collected During
the ESI in April 1998.
Drinking water well GL-007-PW at ABLE
Duplicate of GL-107-PW GL-007-PW
DEM MW on the
GL-A09-MW former Halliburton
property
Drinking water well
GL-010-PW at the former
Halliburton property
DEM MW
GL-011-MW Shallow well
between ABLE &
REA Const.
DEM MW
GL-A11-MW Deep well between
ABLE & REA Const.
DEM MW
GL-A12-MW Deep well between
ABLE & REA Const.
Drinking water well
GL-016-PW at Charlie Brown
Catering
Drinking water well GL-017-PW at Precast Steps
Drinking water at GL-01B-PW Billings & Garrett
DEM MW
GL-019-MW Installed by NC DOT
at REA Const.
DEM MW
GL-020-MW installed by NC DOT
at REA Const.
Background drinking GL-021-PW water well
J-Estimated value
N-presumptive evidence of presence of material
ND-Non-detect
vinyl chloride -12
1,2-dichloroethene (total) -160
vinyl chloride -BJ
1,2-dichloroethene (total) -140
1,2-dichloroethene -2J
acetone-61
1,2-dichloroethene (total) -BJ
methyl butyl ketone -6J
1,2-dichloroehtene (total) -BJ
vinyl chloride -14
1,2-dichloroethene (total) -93
1,2-dichloroehtene (total) -2J
ND
ND
ND
chloroform -3J
1, 1-dichloroethene (total) -35
1, 1, 1-trichloroethane -130
ND
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' '
21 • • □ GRESHAMS LAKE ROAD
O DEM Wells (deep)
• Supply or Drinking Water Well * Septic Tani< Sample
X SoH Sample
// L-------1/✓
/ >(
,
\
\
]~orth Ca=olin~ Division ! ~f W~~~~ ~~nA~~•~~~t
/ S1:pe~~un~ Secti=~
l_
Gl-001-SS·
X
Lincoln Park tlorth
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::;~;.:bbs l
D
C1eshams Lake
OVERLOOK ROAD_/
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quartzite gneiss, garnetiferous biotite gneiss, and interbedded gneiss and schists are predominant
within the Raleigh area (Reference 18). These metamorphic rocks are foliated and fractured with
varying grain sizes (medium to coarse) and color (green to dark-gray). Foliation will vary as well,
where the hornblende content if high, the gneissic texture is less apparent and less foliated and
the schistose rock with well-developed and well-aligned hornblende will be more foliated and
have larger primary opening for groundwater flow (Reference 18). ·
There is one aquifer of concern in the site area; this starts in the saprolite (weathered
bedrock) and extends down to bedrock. Groundwater is contained within the pore spaces of the
weathered bedrock and within the bedrock fractures. Because it is hydraulically well-connected,
the bedrock/saprolite system act as one aquifer. The water table was encountered at
approximately 20.5-32.5 feet during the ES! (Reference 16). The Trigon study indicates
groundwater flow from north to south, toward Greshams Lake. This flow pattern was confirmed
by the extensive groundwater investigation in 1992 by DEM (Reference 19).
4.2 Groundwater Targets
There are a number of private and community wells within a 4-mile radius of the site
(Reference 20, 21, Figure 1 ). The closest drinking water well is on the ABLE Manufacturing
property. Across Northside Drive is the former drinking water well for Equipment Supply
Company (formerly Halliburton) and adjacent to ABLE to the east is the former drinking water
well for Billings and Garrett (Reference 6). All three of these facilities stated that the wells arc
currently being used to supply water to the buildings and for industrial purposes but that because
of contamination, they are not for drinking (Reference 6). REA Construction has also stopped
using the water for drinking but Charlie Brown Catering, south of the ABLE property, installed a
charcoal filter for the water which it continues to use under Wake County Health Department
approval (Reference I 6). Several of the industries within the Greshams Lake Industrial Park area
were advised by the NC Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Section not to consume
and/or bath for long periods of time in the water (Reference 22). The City of Raleigh has
installed lines for public water hook-ups along Greshams Lake Road and Northside Drive but not
along Overlook Drive (Reference 5). Many of the facilities have connected to the Raleigh
municipal water system but some have not, including all the facilities mentioned earlier. These
businesses, which employed about 187 people at the time the groundwater contamination was
discovered, have reportedly used bottled water for drinking since the water contamination
(Reference 23). Several of the businesses do not use the water under the advise of the Wake
County Health Department; however some businesses, such as Billings and Garret, do not drink
the water because of the taste or because of the perception of contaminated drinking water.
Billings and Garret employees were told by the health department that the water was safe to
drink, but the employees stated that the water tastes too bad (Reference 36). The ABLE
Manufacturing and REA Construction discontinued using the groundwater because of sampling
results and recommendations from the NC Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology
Section (Reference 38). At the time of discontinuation the use, ABLE and REA Construction
each employed 20 people (Reference 23).
The remainder of the houses shown on the USGS topographic map, not provided with
municipal water, use private wells to supply drinking water. These houses were counted and
multiplied by 2.46 persons-per-household (the population density for Wake County in the 1990
US Census) (Reference 24). Table 5 shows the total population which received drinking water
-from private and community wells within a 4-mile radius of the site (Reference 21 ). The table
does not include the employees and/or businesses with contamination, as well as the other
employees at other businesses where the wells were sampled in previous investigations. No
17
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wellhead protection areas exist in North Carolina (Reference 25).
TABLE 5. Population Currently Using Groundwater as a Source of Potable Water Within
4-Miles of the Gres hams Lake Industrial Park Site.
Distance Ring Population Population served Cumulative
(miles) served by Private by Community Population using
Supply Wells' Wells Groundwater
0.00 -0.25 0 0 0
0.25 -0.50 34 0 34
0.50 -1.00 0 604 604
1.00 -2.00 32 268 300
2.00 -3.00 394 578 972
3.00 -4.00 732 2,935 3,667
TOTAL 5,577
' Does not include population using ABLE Manufacturing (20 persons) and REA Construction
(20 persons) drinking water wells at the time they were closed (Reference 23)
4.3 Sample Locations
Six drinking water/supply wells and seven previously installed monitoring wells were
sampled during the ESI (Reference 16). These wells were downgradient, upgradient and cross-
gradient of the ABLE Manufacturing property. The samples are described in Table 4 and the
locations shown on Figure 4. All of these wells have been previously sampled during other
investigations, all the data from the wells are included in the Appendices of this report. All the
water samples were analyzed for metals, volatile organic compounds, semi-volatile organic
compounds, and several natural attenuation parameters, such as chloride, iron, nitrate, sulfates,
and pH.
Natural attenuation parameters were collected to help determine if biodegradation of the
chlorinated hydrocarbons is occurring and to understand the fate and transport of the
contaminants of concern. The most important process for the natural biodegradation of
chlorinated solvents is reductive dechlorination. This is a process where a the chlorinated
hydrocarbon is used as an electron receptor and chlorine atom is "removed" and replaced with a
hydrogen atom (Reference 39). The common sequence for dechlorination is from
perchloroethene to trichloroethene to dichloroethene to vinyl chloride to ethene (Reference 39).
Reductive dechlorination of chlorinated solvent compounds is associated with the accumulation
of daughter products and an increase in the concentration of chloride ions (Reference 39). To
determine if natural attenuation is occurring several wells should be sampled and the samples
should be analyzed for several parameters. An example of these parameters are oxygen, nitrate,
iron (ll), sulfate, methane, pH, chloride, and the daughter products listed earlier. Reference 39 of
this report is a paper by Weidemeier et. al. entitled "Overview of the Technical Protocol for
Natural Attenuation of Chlorinated Aliphatic Hydrocarbons in Groundwater Under Development
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for the US Air Force Center for Environmental Excellence". This report was used as a guide for
the Greshams Lake natural attenuation parameter sampling.
4.4 Analytical Results
The analytical results are summarized in Table 4 and the full set of laboratory data is
provided in the Appendix of this report. Chlorinated solvents were detected within two of the six
drinking water/supply wells sampled. The well at ABLE manufacturing contained 12 ug/1 vinyl
chloride and 169 ug/1 1,2-dichloroethene (total) and the well at the former Halliburton Industries
contained 61 ug/1 acetone and estimated values of 1,2-dichloroethene at 8 ug/1 and 6 ug/1 methyl
butyl ketone. Several of the wells downgradient of the ABLE property were non detect for
chlorinated solvents. Both of the contaminated wells were previously used for drinking water
when it was discovered that the water exceeding health-based benchmarks. Several of the
monitoring wells exceeded the NC Administrative Code Title 15 A of the DENR Subchapter 2L,
Classification and Water Quality Standards Applicable to the Groundwater of North Carolina
(Reference 26). Vinyl chloride and 1,2-dichloroethene were detected in monitoring well 11 A and
other chlorinated hydrocarbons were detected in the monitoring well at REA Construction, such
as 1, 1-dichloroethene and 1, I, ]-trichloroethane.
The wells with the highest contamination also have values of natural attenuation
parameters that are indicative of the biodcgradation process. Strong evidence for biodcgradation
would include but arc not limited to chloride levels in the most contaminated areas to be at least
2 times background, a pH ranging from 5 to 9, sulfates greater than 20 mg/I, iron (II) greater than
1 mg/I, nitrates less than 1 mg/I, sulfates less than 20 mg/I, and the existence of dichloroethene
and/or vinyl chloride (Reference 39). For example, the ABLE well contained vinyl chloride at 12
ug/1 and 160 ug/1 1,2-dichloroethenc and the chloride level was 200 milligram per liter (mg/I), 32
mg/I iron, 1.34 mg/I nitrate, less than 5 mg/I sulfates, and a pH of 5.8. By comparison, a
downgradient uncontaminated well, GL-016-PW (Charlie Brown's Catering well), contained 5
mg/l chloride, less than 0.05 mg/I iron, 1.80 mg/l nitrate, and a pH of 6.3. Similarly, other wells
with little or no chlorinated hydrocarbon contamination had much lower levels of these
indicators. Because daughter products such as vinyl chloride and cis-1,2-dichlorocthcnc are
present within the groundwater, and chloride, iron, sulfates, and pH appear to be within the
designated range there is some evidence that biodegradation of chlorinated organics is occurring
at the site. All natural attenuation results can be found in the Appendix E (1998 ES! analytical
data) of this report.
4.5 Conclusions
The groundwater at the Greshams Lake Industrial Park is contaminated with chlorinated
hydrocarbons. At least 5 businesses within a quarter of a mile form the site have contaminated
drinking water/supply wells and have been informed by the Department of Health that bottled
water should be used for drinking and bathing (Reference 22). Other than ABLE Manufacturing,
it is still unknown what sources have contributed to the groundwater contamination. There is
limited evidence that natural attenuation is taking place at the site. Degradation products of
chlorinated hydrocarbons, such as dichloroethene and vinyl chloride, are present in several of the
wells. However, whether the toxic degradation products such as vinyl chloride are degrading
further to ethene is not known. More investigation should be conducted to determine such
factors as site-specific hydraulic gradient, conductivity, flow and solute transport direction and
retardation coefficient. Much more data should be collected on natural attenuation parameters to
establish a strong case that biodegradation of chlorinated solvents is occurring, as we did not
collect data on all of the possible parameters suggested by Weidemeier (Reference 39).
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5.0
5.1
SURFACE WATER PATHWAY
Hydrologic Setting
The site lies within the Neuse River drainage basin and is not included in the 500 year
flood plain of Greshams Lake or Perry Creek (Reference 27). The site appears to have an
elevation of approximately 300 feet, estimated from the USGS topographic quadrangle (Figure I,
Reference 3). The topography of the site and surrounding area directs surface water runoff for
0.3 mile toward the south to Greshams Lake, the probable point of entry for the surface water
pathway. The lake is approximately 0.4 mile in length and then flows from the lake into Perry
Creek, which is surrounded by wetlands. Perry Creek flows for 2.2 miles to the Neuse River.
The remainder of the 15-mile surface water pathway is located along the Neuse River (Figure 7,
Reference 3). The flow rate for Perry Creek has been estimated to be approximately 1.5 cubic
feet per second ( cfs) and Greshams Lake is assumed to be flowing at the same rate. The flow
rate of Perry Creek increases to approximately 13 cfs as it flows closer to the Neuse River. The
Neuse River flow rate in the vicinity of the site to be approximately 945 cfs (Reference 28).
5.2 Surface Water Targets
There are no surface water intakes located within the 15-mile surface water pathway. The
surface water intake for Raleigh is located upstream of the site at Falls Lake (Reference I I). The
entire 15-mile surface water pathway is classified as "C" and "NSW", this includes the water
from the dam at Greshams Lake, along Perry Creek and well into the Neuse River water body.
Class "C" indicates that the body of water if protected for aquatic life propagation and survival,
fishing, wildlife, secondary recreation, and agriculture. The "NSW" classification requires
limitations on nutrient inputs into the water body (Reference 29).
Wetlands occur on both sides of Perry Creek from the Greshams Lake dam to more than
300 feet downstream (Reference 34, Figure 7). According to the National Wetland Inventory
maps, the wetlands continue to border both sides of Perry Creek until the intersection of the
Neuse River. The total wetland frontage on Perry Creek is 4.4 miles and on the Neuse River is
11 .4 miles (Reference 34). Therefore, the total wetland frontage along the I 5-mile surface water
pathway is 15.8 miles (Reference 34, Figure 7).
The entire 15-mile surface water pathway is considered a fishery. Greshams Lake is
fished for crappie and bass (Reference 11 ). Perry Creek and the Neuse River are both fished for
red breast and blue gill and possibly bass and crappie as well. The Neuse River is a major fishery
for numerous species of freshwater fish. No harvest data is available for these three fisheries
(Reference 11 ).
The 7.5 USGS maps of Raleigh East, Raleigh West, Wake Forest, and Bayleaf were
reviewed by NC Superfund personnel at the North Carolina Heritage Program for sensitive
environments (Reference 32). Three animals were either threatened or endangered along the IS-
mile surface water pathway, Fusconaia mason'i or Atlantic Pigtoe, Elliptio roanokensis or
Roanoke Slabshell, and Alasmidonta heterodon or the Dwarf Wedgemussel. One animal of
special concern and was located along the 15-mile surface water pathway, Necturus lewisi or the
Neuse River Waterdog (Reference 32). Figure I shows the location of all the threatened and/or
endangered species along the 15-mile surface water pathway. One endangered plants is Rhus
michauxii, commonly known as Michaux's Sumac located along the fifteen mile surface water
pathway (Reference 32).
20
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2.2 Ml
\'/
(
PERRY CREEK
2to13CFS
FISHERY
I \'i ! ',',:
0.4MI(.
PPE 1 ) -; __ j, GRESHAMS LAKE
ITE ' \ ,"0 2CFS
OVERLAND FLOW FISHERY
0.3MI
NEUSE RIVER
945 CFS
FISHERY
pat.hwa.y
=~
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OVERLAND FLOW
PPE
w
TDL
PROBABLE POINT OF ENTRY
WETLANDS
TARGET DISTANCE LIMIT
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5.3 Sample Locations
No samples were collected for the ESI due to the fact that during the sampling event in
1996 by the NC Superfund Section no constituents attributable to the site or to the contaminated
groundwater plumes were found at levels above detection limits (Reference 11 ).
5.4 Conclusions
Analytical results from the 1996 PA/SI conducted by the NC Superfund Section indicate
no constituents attributable to the site were found at levels above detection limits in the surface
water or sediments downgradient of the ABLE Manufacturing property (Reference 11 ). For site
prioritization purposes, the most important sample collected during the previous investigation
was taken at the PPE and within the Perry Creek wetland. The sampling results indicated that no
site-related contaminants have entered the surface water pathway.
6.0 SOIL EXPOSURE AND AIR PATHWAY
6.1 Physical Conditions
The soil types located in the vicinity of the site are considered to be a Cecil-Appling
association, gently sloping to steep, well-drained soils that have a subsoil of firm clay loam to
clay (Reference 30). This well drained soil is derived mostly from weathered granite, gneiss, and
schist. As part of the Trigon report for ABLE Manufacturing, soil borings were described as
appearing to consist of saprolitic firm to very firm, slightly micaceous to micaceous, silty, coarse
to fine sands to the termination depth of the borings. The boring depths ranged from 35 to 43.5
feet below ground surface (Reference 8).
6.2 Soil and Air Targets
The ABLE Manufacturing facility is currently inactive and no workers are presently on-
site (Reference 6). There are however, several workers at the other facilities adjacent to or within
200 feet of the ABLE Property, such as the former Halliburton facility (currently Equipment
Supply Company), Billings and Garrett, and REA Construction. There are no residences,
schools, or daycares within 200 feet of the site. The closest school is Millbrook High School
approximately 0.75 mile from the site (Reference 3). As shown in Table 6, according to Center
for Geographic Information Analysis (CGIA), an estimated 58,008 people live within the four-
mile target radius of the site (Reference 31).
The 7.5 USGS maps of Raleigh East, Raleigh West, Wake Forest, and Bayleaf were
reviewed by NC Superfund personnel at the North Carolina Heritage Program for sensitive
environments (Reference 32). Two endangered plants were located either along the fifteen mile
surface water pathway or within the 4-mile target radius of the site. These plants are Lindera
subcoriacea, and Rhus michauxii, commonly known as the Bog Spicebush and Michaux's
Sumac, respectively. One significantly rare plant and one candidate plant were also located
within the four-mile target radius, Mate/ea dicipiens or Glade Milkvine and Saxiji-aga
pensylvanica or Swamp Saxifraga. Three animals were either threatened or endangered along the
15-mile surface water pathway, Fusconaia masoni or Atlantic Pigtoe, Elliptio roanokensis or
Roanoke Slabshell, and Alasmidonta heterodon or the Dwarf Wedgemussel. One animal of
special concern and was located along the 15-mile surface water pathway, Necturus lewisi or the
Neuse River Waterdog. Figure 1 shows the location of all the threatened and/or endangered
species within the 4-mile target radius and along the 15-milc surface water pathway.
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TABLE 6: Population Estimate within 4-Miles of the Site
Distance from the Site Population per Ring Cumulative Population
(miles)
0.0 -0.25 mi. 0 0
0.25 -0.50 mi. 9 9
0.50 -1.00 mi. 1,762 1,771
1.00 -2.00 mi. 8,426 I 0,197
2.00 -3.00 mi. 20,404 30,601
3.00 -4.00 mi. 27,407 58,008
6.3 Soil Sample Locations
In 1992, the Division of Environmental Management (DEM) conducted an extensive
investigation of the groundwater contamination at the site. Approximately 16 monitoring wells
were installed and soil and groundwater from these wells were sampled. Forty soil samples were
collected during the installation of nine of the monitoring wells (Reference 20). Soil samples
north of ABLE were contaminated with chlorinated hydrocarbons and petroleum constituents, the
highest values being found at the MW 15 location (due to the expansion and construction in the
area, the well is no longer there) of 57 ug/kg 1,4-dichlorobenzene, 46 ug/mg chlorobenzene, 20
ug/mg 1,3-dichlorobenzene, 9.8 mg/kg naphthalene, 3.1 ug/kg 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene and 2
ug/kg 2-chlorotoluene. These contaminated soils were located between 3 feet and 13 feet. Soil
samples on the ABLE property indicated little to no chlorinated hydrocarbons and petroleum
constituents present at the wells that were sampled. MW 12 and 12A or (GL-012-MW and GL-
Al2-MW) were the only other 2 wells with soil contamination. Soil around the well GL-012-
MW (MW 12 was unable to be sample during the ESI investigation) indicated 1.8 ug/kg cis-1, 1-
dichloroethene, 1.8 ug/kg trichloroethene. Soil around the well GL-A12-MW indicated 37 ug/kg
p-isopropyl toluene at 3-8 feet and trace amounts of tert-butyl benzene at 28-33 feet. Soils from
MW 1 A, 9A, 6A, and 13/\ were found contain no chlorinated hydrocarbons or petroleum
constituents. Figures 3, 4, 5, and 6 show the locations of all the wells-(monitoring and
drinking/supply) that were sampled either during previous investigations and/or during the ES!.
Table 2 is a summary table for the DEM sampling results, see Appendix C for the complete
analytical results of the DEM Investigation.
During the ES! investigation in April 1998, four soil samples were collected on the ABLE
property, one at the former metal turnings pile location, one sample and a duplicate at the drum
storage area and one background location (Reference 16). Soil sample GL-102-SL, the soil
duplicate at the drum storage area, contained an estimated value of 58 ug/kg of benzo(b or
k)fluoranthene. Soil sample GL-001-SL, the former turning pile area, contained 240 ug/kg of
acetone. Table 4 is a summary of all the ES! analytical data and Figure 6 is the location map for
all the samples collected during the ES!. All analytical results from the ESI can be found in the
Appendix E of this report.
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6.4 Soil Exposure Pathway Conclusions
The ABLE property is unfenced and accessible to the public but the area is mainly
industrial and the level of contaminants are below health-based benchmarks (Reference 6, 16).
Due to the nature of the soil contamination on the site, there is little likelihood of a release to air.
Therefore, for purposes of site prioritization, the soil exposure pathway is not of great concern
due to fact that no contaminants above health based benchmarks were detected within the surface
soil of the site. All chlorinated hydrocarbons and petroleum constituents detected within the
soils were found at levels below 3 feet in depth.
7.0 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
Contaminated groundwater with chlorinated hydrocarbons has been documented at
Greshams Lake Industrial Park since the late 1980s. The ESI conducted in April 1998 by the NC
Superfund Section confirms with CLP data that continued evidence of groundwater
contamination still exists at and around the ABLE Manufacturing facility. Vinyl chloride,
detected in the ABLE Manufacturing drinking water well during a previous investigation, was
confirmed during the ES!. Monitoring wells and other drinking water wells are contaminated
with chlorinated hydrocarbons. Although ABLE Manufacturing is certainly a contributor to this
contamination, multiple sources are a possibility.
Because of the number of drinking water wells that are contaminated with chlorinated
hydrocarbons and the number of employees they served, and the potential for migration of the
plume(s), the Greshams Lake Industrial Park site is recommended for further federal action under
CERCLA.
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1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
REFERENCES
United States Environmental Protection Agency. 1990. 40 CFR Part 300, Hazard
Ranking System: Final Rule, December 14, 1990
United States Environmental Protection Agency, Superfund Chemical Data Matrix
United States Geological Survey 7.5 Minute Quadrangle maps of Bayleaf (1967,
photorevised 1987), Wake Forest (1967, photorevised 1987), West Raleigh (1968,
photorevised 1987), and East Raleigh (1968, photorevised 1987), North Carolina.
Kozel, Stephanie L. (NC Superfund Section). 1998. Latitude and Longitude Calculation
Worksheets, Greshams Lake Industrial Park, July 23, 1998.
Grubbs, Stephanie K. (NC Superfund Section). 1998. Memo to file: Meeting with
Don Casterlin, City of Raleigh, Public Utilities Department concerning Raleigh's Municipal
Drinking water. Greshams Lake Industrial park. September 1998.
Kozel, Stephanie L. (NC Superfund Section). 1998. Memo: On site Reconnaissance of the
Greshams Lake Industrial Park site on March 30, 1998.
Williams, Irene (NC Superfund Section). 1995. Memo to file: Greshams Lake Industrial
Park Off-Site Reconnaissance trip report. November 1, I 995.
Trigon Environmental Consultants, Inc. Phase II Groundwater and Soils Investigation for
ABLE Manufacturing, Attention: Wallace Green. October 11, 1991.
Wake County Department of Health to Tom Arrington (DEM-GW). Fax Concerning the
Septic Tank Sampling Results at the ABLE Manufacturing Facility. June 9, 1992.
Notice of Violation to Mr. Wallace Green and Mr. Stanley Green from the Division of Waste
Management, Hazardous Waste Section. Storage and Disposal of Solid Waste at the Closed
ABLE Manufacturing Facility. January 8, 1996.
Combined Preliminary Assessment/Site Inspection Report, Greshams Lake Industrial Park,
Raleigh, Wake County, NC NCO 986 323 379. Irene Williams, Division of Waste
Management, Superfund Section. October 1996.
Hazardous Waste Section Sampling Results of the ABLE Manufacturing Loading Dock Area.
September 23, l 997.
Williams, Irene. (NC Superfund Section). Memorandum from Mr. Hornlean Chen to Ms.
Irene Williams Concerning VOC Data for Community Wells Near Greshams Lake. March
6, 1996.
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14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
Butler, Jack. (NC Superfund Section). 1991. Memo to file: Greshams Lake Industrial Park.
May 29, 1991.
Butler, Jack. (NC Superfund Section). 1991. Memo to file: Greshams Lake Industrial Park.
June 12, 1991.
Kozel, Stephanie L. (NC Superfund Section). 1998. Memo to File: ES! Sampling Trip and
attached field notes. May 1, 1998.
Department of Environmental Management, Groundwater Section. 1996. Fax to Irene
Williams regarding a Pollution Incident/ UST Leak Reporting Form for Halliburton Industrial
Services. December 11, 1990.
Geological Survey United States Department of the Interior and the NC Department of Water
and Air Resources. November 1968. Geology and Groundwater of the Raleigh Area, North
Carolina. USGS Bulletin No. 15, North Carolina Department of Water Resources.
Department of Environmental Management, Groundwater Section. 1992. Maps from the
Investigation by the DEM in 1992.
Grubbs, Stephanie K. (NC Superfund Section). 1998. Memo to file: Public water supply
data for the 4-mile target radius of the Greshams Lake Industrial park. September 9, 1998 .
Grubbs, Stephanie K. (NC Superfund Section). 1998. Memo to file: Number of people
using groundwater from private/community wells within the 4-mile radius of the Greshams
Lake Industrial Park site. September 9, 1998.
Rudo, Kenneth (Medical Evaluation and Risk Assessment Branch, Occupational and
Environmental Epidemiology Section). 1996. Letter to Bruce Nicholson regarding the
Health Risk Evaluation of the drinking water at Greshams Lake Industrial Park. November
14, 1996.
Grubbs, Stephanie K. (NC Superfund Section). 1998. Memo to file: Number of workers on-
site when contamination was found in the drinking water at Greshams Lake Industrial Park,
September 18, 1998.
United States Department of Commerce Bureau of the Census, County and City Data Book.
1990.
Stanley, Jeannette (NC Superfund Section). 1997. Memo to Superfund Section Staff:
Update on the Status of the Wellhead Protection Program in NC.
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26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
North Carolina Administrative Code, Department of Environment, Health, and Natural
Resources, Division of Environmental Management, Title I SA Subchapter 2L,
Classifications and Water Quality Standards Applicable to the Groundwaters of North
Carolina. November 8, 1993.
United States Federal Emergency Management Agency. 1980. Flood Insurance Rate Map,
Panel 165 of 810, #370243, 0165, Raleigh, Wake County, North Carolina.
Grubbs, Stephanie K. (NC Superfund Section). I 998. Memo to file: Stream Flow Rate
Calculations for the Surface Water Pathway, Greshams Lake Industrial Park, September 18,
1998.
Classification and Water Quality Standards Assigned to the Waters of the Neuse River
Basins, Division of Environmental Management, February 1, 1993.
United States Department of Agriculture Soil Conservation Service and North Carolina
Agricultural Experiment Station, Wake County, North Carolina, Soil Survey Report, I 970.
North Carolina State Center for Geographic Information and Analysis, Populations and
Households for the 4-mile radius around Greshams Lake Industrial Park. July 27, I 998.
Kozel, Stephanie L. (NC Superfund Section). I 998. Memo to File: Sensitive environments
within the 4-mile target area and along the I 5-mile surface water pathway. July 6, I 998.
United States Department of Commerce, Technical Paper No. 40, Rainfall Frequency Atlas
of the United States, 196 I. United States Department of Commerce, The Climatic Atlas of
the United States, 1983. pp. 7, I 0.5.
U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service. 1995. Wetland Inventory Maps.
Wake Forest and Raleigh West Quadrangles.
Memorandum from the NC Department of Transportation to REA Construction Co.
Concerning Property Survey and Asphalt Plant Priority List. April 5, 1989.
Grubbs, Stephanie K. (NC Superfund Section). 1998. Memo to file: Telephone Conversation
with Billings and Garret Employee, Greshams Lake Industrial Park, September 28,
I 998.
Letter from Halliburton Services, Steve Burford, to the Division of Health Services, William
Paige. Concerning Delisting Halliburton as a Hazardous Waste Generator. April 22, 1982.
Rudo, Kenneth (Medical Evaluation and Risk Assessment Branch, Occupational and
Environmental Epidemiology Section). 1990. Letter to Perry Nelson of the Groundwater
Section regarding the Risk Evaluation of the Well Samples at Greshams Lake Industrial
Park. March I, 1990.
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39. Weidemeier, et al., "Overview of the Technical Protocol for Natural Attenuation of
Chlorinated Aliphatic Hydrocarbons in Ground Water Under the Development for the U.S.
Air Force Center for Environmental Excellence. p. 35-58.
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/4:.,· . /-.... ,;
-: R:Dlll,,"tli\l"'.'
( .
-4r1 ·.-. ~:. ":.s
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Trailers on the vacant ABLE property. also the location of scrap metal and metal turnings.
Across the street, Northsicle Drive, is the former Halliburton property.
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Septic tank sample GL-001-SD being collected at ABLE Manufacturing.
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i{ ---~~~1!,-.,. ,V-tt~~ .. -,y~·;;:,.,.:-,tii,' : -==~ ,, '· .
·-~.b,·
Sample location GL-002-SD was collected from the active septic tank at the former Mettrcy/
Halliburton facility (currently Equipment Supply Co.) A man hole cover opened up to the tank.
The tank also has a concrete slab cover which had to be removed. Harry Zinn collected the
sediment sample from the tank.
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I Monitoring wefGL-004-MW was sampled by Harry Zinn.
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I ABLE Manufacturing drinking water well GL-007-PW.
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All facilities that have sewer hook-ups, the !OW was disposed into the sewer. This is a
photograph of Supcrfond personnel running a hose from the well house to a sewer discharge.
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To by pass the charcoal filtering systems, sampling had to be collected in clean pan and
transferred onto the containers. The VOA samples were ·collected directly to the tap. This was
sample GL-016-PW.
Sample location GL-017-PW al Century !'recast Steps. This lap outside was
previously sampled during the PA/SJ.
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Harry Zinn collecting GL-010-PW, the drinking water well a, the
former Mettrey/Halliburton facility.
Background soil sample GL-001-SS. Collected north of the site behind
the Lincoln Park North facility by Stuart Parker.
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Pictures of monitoring wells GL-01 I-MW and GL-AI I-MW,
between the ABLE and REA properties.
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Stephanie Kozel collecting GL-021-PW, the background drinking water sample.
It was collected from Hubert Brody's house on 3011 Greshams Lake Road.
Photo of the well house, which was inaccessible. Therefore, the nearest
outside spigot was used to purge the well.
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Harry Zinn purging MW-A12-MW on the REA property.
Sampling of the MW, GL-019-MW on the REA Construction property. This is the approximate
location were chlorinated solvents were disposed of by the NC DOT.
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Picture of Doug Rumford collecting soil sample GL-003-SS. This sample was
located in the former turnings pile area.
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APPENDICES FOLLOWING IN
VOLUME II
I MILE
-
'
\
Mapped, edited, and published by the Geolog1ci:l Survey ROAD CLASSIFICATION
Primary highway, all weather. Light-duty road, all weather, Control by USGS, NOS/NOAA, and North Carolina Geodetic iurvey
imprO'led surface --•---Toi:xigraphy by photogrammetnc methods from aerial photo1?<1phs
Unimproved road lair or dry taken 1965 and 1968 Field checked 1968
hard surface
Secondary highway
hard surface
all weather,
Interstate Route
weather K~~~~~ Polycon1c proJect1on 10 000 foot grid ticks based on tfortt
U S Route State Route Carolina coordmate syslem lUOO-meter Universal Transver-,,e Mercator
gnd ticks, zone 17, shown 1n blue 1927 North American [atum
RALEIGH
To place on the predicted North American Datum 1983 mae the
WEST N. pr0Jed1on Imes 12 meters south and 23 meters wcsl as shrwn
• by dashed comer ticks
SW 4 RIILFl<1H I~ QU/,,DRANG~E
35078 G6-TF 024 Red lint indicates areas in which only landmark bwldings ae shown
PHOTOINSPECH::D 19>)lc
1968
DMA 5255 I SW -SEk'H'~ \If!,
-~--. ·•~--' . '. ,
' 1\';
,, ne 01"~.,n 1~ o J ~Ip ~ricl v,,1orllio~ r.on1r1led r
"rat er , tr :tale cf llortr C~rol1na agencies ron
I pliul 't'Lµl1 , "~~ 1 l '-'i:i4 JII I ct~ 'r ~ 1urr c~
,,. ~1 not f1Pl'1 ctwr~i>rl Map ~r11tec 1q/<1
• ,~ II[\ I 1j1r ell-• _;\. la')II of I ~Jll Jrc~~
.,
' ' ,'
~-.,--,-··:---,.-4.
' ,. '. /1, .. '
., .
,~.
'',; ·,·
1' ,,_,
* ,, I
I 1"' I I
7'r." I
133 MILS' I I "26
\ 125 MILS " 'i
UTld GRIIJ AND 1987 MAGNEIIC NORIH
OCCLINATION /IT cw-rn OF SHEET
= b---3
moo
A FOLDER
' SCALE 1 24 000
' ~>------=a: ~
0 ,ooo ,ooo aooo ,coo 5000 6000 7000 FEET ~=c'E===~='===='
p--, ' 0 = EB EB ~ =
CONTOUR INTERVAL 10 FEET
NATIONAL GEODETIC VERTICAL DATUM Of 192~
THIS MAP COMPLIES WITH NATIONAL MAP ACCURACY ST~DARDS
FOR SALE BY U S GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
DENVER. COLORADO 80225, OR RESTON, VIRGINIA 22092
~II □METER
DESCRIBING TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS AND SYMBOLS IS AVALABLE ON REQUEST
MILE
5/'3C'
ROAD CLASSIFICATION
Primary h1gh,,;ay
hard surface
Secondary highway
hard ~urface
lrterstate Route
Light-duty road, hard or
improved surface
Un1mrroved ro::id
U S fbule Slate Route
RALEIGH EAST, N. C.
SE<4 :lALEJGH 15 QUADRANGLE
35078-GS-TF-024
1968
PHOTORFV1SFD 1!"!87
UMJ'I. ~25:l l SE-SERl!,_3 V842