NCD986187094_20010930_Reasor Chemical Company_FRBCERCLA SPD_HRS Documentation Package Volume IV References 5 - 12-OCR

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Reasor Chemical
NCO 986 187 094
Castle Hayne, New Hanover Co., NC
HRS DOCUMENTATION PACKAGE
VolumeJV References 5 -12
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CASTLE HA '{NE, r✓ C
BEAUFORT SW
WILMINGTON
(l Cll()0 2-:(JC
NATIONAL WETLANDS INVENTORY
, . ;,;.. ,~;,.;>,-.
-~A<•;"_~fl;_,,,y.
ftr~;.;j;/, ',~{){?');::\ , .... "'~}il✓:.~.,. r. ·... --'"'"----:.. ·,_ . .. ,'.. ~f~f?:JJ::. ,;<:. ·: l :_~-· _,.,-:::::;,'.J~ ~t: ~
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SPECIAL NOTE
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
¥~:'.·r-,.
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SVMBOLOGY EXAMPLE
SYSI tM
SUBSYSTEM
CLASS
L2EM2F -'a
SU8,,i..C..SS 1/\,,,\H_R RE·,· \M:
NOTES TO THE USER
• Subsystems. Cl;:isses. Subc,asses. and Water Regimes
,r, lta/1cs wen~ developed sr,er1f1r:ally for NATIONAL
WETLANDS INVENTORY r11app111g
• Some areas designated as R4SB, R4SBW. OR R4SBJ
!INTERMITTENT STREAMS) may not meet the defm1
t1on ot wetland
• Th,s map uses the class Unconsolidated Shore (US)
e. 7
Reasor Chemical
NCD 986 187 094
Hayne, New Hanover Co., NC
CASTLE HAYNE, N. C
•
D 1 acre D 5acres D lOacres □ 20ac,e, □ 40 acres
Th,s document was prepared pmnanly by stPreoscopir
analysis or h1gn a11,1ude ot:!f1<..1I pt·u1oyr.,pr,,. w,,11,1nd,. ..,.,, .,
1dent1fied on tl1e photographs based on vey•" 1'•'.)" v,s,bh,,
hydrology. and geography in accordance w,11, Classifica-
tion of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United
States (FWS/08S 79131 December 197'11 The aem1I
photographs 1Vp1cally reflect conditions dur"'•-/ 1••e spec111e
year and season when the',' were ti.lken In <1.J,1,1,on. lhere
,.,. ii margin of error inherent in the use .. • 1he aerial
photographs Thus, a deta,led on the ground ",J h,stoncal
analysis of a single site may result 1n a r,,, ,,on of the
wetland boundaries established through 1-''·,,tograph1c
1n1erpretat1on. In add1t1on. some small wetla,· hand those
obscured by dense forest cover may not be 1n,·: ..Jed on this
document
UPL.ANC !~ON WELANrJ,
On earher NWI maps that class was des1gnarnd Beach
Bar !BB). or Flat !FL) Subclasses remain the same in botr
versions
SYSTEM
SUBSYSTEM
CLASS
Subclass
SYSTEM
SUBSYSTEM
'-LASS
SYSTEM
CLASS
u
ACREAGE GUIDE
For information on availability o1 NWI maps. call 1-800-USA-MAPS. Federal. State and local regulatory agenc,e,-,-,,th 1urisd1c•
t1on over wetlands may define and descr be .,.,.,i1ands 1n a
ddferent milnner than that used m this 1nver,1 •~ There ,s
no aoempt, in either the design ur products of ti ., inventory.
to dehne the l1m1tsof proprietary 1urisd1ct1on CJ! my Federal,
State or local governmenl or to establish tht ,•·ugraph1cal
scope of the regulatory programs of goverr m,·r 1 Jgenc,es
Persons intending to engage in activities involving modi-
fications within or adjacent to wetland areas. 1hould seek
the advice of appropriate Federal, State or locat agencies
concerning specified agency regulatory prngrams and
proprietary jurisdictions that may affect such •ctivities
-------
-R2UBH
il'NEAR DEEPWt,TER HA8iTAT
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE
Regional Director (ARDE) Region IV
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
1875 Century Blvd.
Room 240
Atlanta, GA 30345
1 -SUBTIDAL
M -MA~lNE
-------,
2 -INTERTIDAL
~B -ROCK
BOTTOM
JB UNCO'-SOLIDArEO AB AOUAr1c BED R< -.. ~~~ uw OPP/ WATtl? Ad -,J,QUATIC BEO f'f -REEF RS --ROCKY SHO~[ US --UNCO"ISOLIOt>TED RH ")CK
1 9ed,oGk
2 Rubble
ROTTO'A Unlrnr-wr 80/M,,.,.
1 Cobolc Grovel
2 Sand
3 Mu<J
4 o,gan,c
I Algal
3 '1001ed Vascular 5 l,,,'n/,,nown
Suomerg,;m
, Coral
:JWo,m
1 Al\jdl 1 co,al
3 Rc,oteo >,'ascular 1 Wrnni
~ Un~nown Sur,mi,r9en1
R -RIVERINE
I Bcdroclc 2 R,..t,t, e
SHOR[ t ;TTOM
1 :.:obble-G•~sel
2 S;Jnd
3 "'1ud
4 n,ya,,.~
1 -TIDAL 2 LOWER PERENNIAL 3 -UPPER PERENNIAL 4 -INTERMITTENT 5 -UNKNOWN PERENNIAL
Ra -lOCK U!l -UNCONSOLIDATED ·sa STR~AMB~U AB -AQU.0.TIC BED RS -ROCl<Y us -u•,WC)NSrn DATED
BOTTOM BOTTOM S'1UHt SrlORf
.. [M (MERGENT O,JJ --Qpt/11 WA/1:.H
Ur,J<t>o"'t> Bollom
1 Co~tle, G'a""'
:J ::ia~d
3 ~uo
4 Orqan,c
1 Be<lr~Lk
2 R<Jt>llle
3 Cooble-Grave•
.oSar>d
~ Mud
6 Org~n,c
7 v~g,;;tatM
I Algal 1 8ed·ocl<
7 A~ua:,c Mo~s 2 Rubbl~
J flou!e<l vascular 4 Floa:,ng Vascu;a,
S Unf,m1wri Submr,,qem
(i UnAr,own Sudace
1 Cobble Gnve1
2 Sond
J \,\u<1
il 0,gan,c
5 Vegetarnd
"Sl REA \!BED ,s l1m,,,..1 to ~IOA! drnl NTERMITTENT SUBSYSTE '-'IS ond ~ompr,~e5 1h.-, only CLASS ,n t~c INTE'lMITTE'-l SvBSYS 1 EM
• 'CMERG=NT ,s ,m,1ed ,o TIDAL ond LOWER Pt f!tN!'jlA~ SU8S YS T~MS
RB ::COCK
BOTTOM
I Rr>croc•
l llubbl@
UB :..NCUNSOUOA1ED eoTTOM
I c,t,ble Grd~~·
2 S,>nd
3 M .. id 4 Organ,c
All --ACIIA'I(" 8~0
I Alqal
2 Aqudtll M~'~S
3 Rco1P<1 V1~LL11Hf
4 1-ioa, ng Vascuia, S u'n,.-,o.,.,.,,
Submecr;,:m 6 '..:n;,..,,,..,.n Si,r{,.,-~
P -PALUSTRINE
_5 U~CO"iS:JL.OATEO M_ -MOSS
SHOR~ I llHEN
1 Cob~le ,..,,nvel
2 S~cod
2 "'1uU 4 Orgar,c
5 v,. .... ut"'1
~M -CMU1GENT
1 p,.,s,stenl
2 No..,pc,s,sten•
1 Broad-, t>~v"d
uec1dt;0us
2 Needle L,oa,ed
Deodl.lOUS
3 Brndd L~dWU Ev,.,g,een
4 Ne,ed:e-L~a,8'd
h~,~•~""
5 Dead 6 Dec;r/1,ni,~
? Ev~r9r~en
co ~ORESTEO :JW on"' .'.,liEA
";",~•
\ 8rc<M1 Lea,ed
L•<'C <lunus
2 ",e.,(ll~ Le~v@d
Q~c.duous
J (l,,_,dd lea,ed
f.e•gre~r•
3 N.,~,,1~-1_,.~ve,1
f-_,.,,9,e-ar
~ o~,d
f. D.-r,dJOUS
)flprgrP"''
um"""" dottcm
Prepared by National Wetlands Inventory
AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY Base Imagery and linework provided by the United States Geological Survey.
Pnmar1l',' represents upland areas, bur may inc ude un-
c1ass1t1ed wetlands such as man-mod1l1ed areas. non photo•
1dentif1c1bl!:! ar!:las and/or unonten11onal omissions
DATE
SCALE
TYPE
-,
_, _ _,{_ _,. -'--'-='°
5 ~ __ ;,:__e.::
E:. -ESTUARINE
1 -SUBTIOAL
DATt
SCALE
TYPE
2 -INTERTIDAL
1994
UB . UNCONSOLIOATH> AR -AOUATIC BED
BOl!OM
RF RE.F OW -ON"I WA ltR AB AQUA. C BU> Rf REH SB STREAMBFD RS R(H'.KY us --Li'-CONSOLIOA·::.o [M EMERGEN' ss SCRUB SHRUB ~o-FORESTf
1 Cot>bl~-Grdvo,I
l Sand
3 Mud
4 0,9ar>1C
1 Alqal 2 '-'lo h,sc
3 Roul\!d Va~cular 3 Worm
4 Flaanng ·v~srnla'
6 Unlr.nown Sr.,IJ,r,,;rgem
6 Unlmo'IYn Surface
LIMNETIC
RB flUU<. 08 LINCONSO 10AffD AB AQ.;ATIC
BOTTOM BO! TUM RFfl
1 Btedrt.cO 2 R Jtble
1 Cc,bble-G,av«I
7 Sa,·tJ
3 Mua
4 u,:,an•c
1 Al~ol
2 AQJat,~ Moss
:, P,><!lied Vascular
<I FEoa1,ng Vasc,,I~,
~ Uril<l"'OW/0 .S1,l!me,9eN 6 un1o,,,,,,.,,, s,.,,~c,.
Unk,-,c,,,,r: Borto,r, SHORF SHOAf
1 ;,..ga1 2 Mol'usc
3 Rcol~d Vascular 3 Worm
4 f odt,ng Vascul~•
5 Un<nuwr' S~bm,:,rqen•
fi iinKnnwn Surface
L -LACUSTRINE
I C~bb•t Gra~el
7 s~m!
3 ~•.>a
4 □,g~7,c
1 ::.obble Grave
2 5and
3 \ltHI
<1 Organ><"
2 -LITTORAL
ow -?U{ wAnn AB ROCK L.:ll ur-.CONSOLIDA :::o AB AC!UAflC
U11f<r '"" 81J:1um BOTTO\,! BOTTOM El[D
1 B .. oroc•
2 P-,otie,
' Lobble-G,~•e
2 Sand 3 Mud
4 O,ga,,,c
I 11.lgat
~ 11.quat,c Moss
3 R<>o1cd Vascu a, 4 r1oa1,n~ 'J3scula•
'i Unk"''"'" s..,,_,,,,.,_,,em 6 !!nkn11v.n S·,rl.~rP
MODIFIERS
'<S flUCt<."
Sr<QRE
1 Eed·~·Ck
2 ~ ubb[~
1 P<,,s1s!Grt
2 \onpu~•~ler,I
1 Broar:1-1 ,.,,v.,<1
Deciduous
2 Neecle Leaved
Deciduous
3 Broa,l-l O'avi,d
Eve,gr""" 4 Needle Lca,c,d
C ~e,green s o .... u
6 Dec,du<Ju5
I£ verge"~"
vS IJNCONSOL:DAfED CM -FMFRGFIIT
SHUR~
1 Col>e.,l~·Grdv~I
7 'iann
.:! Mud
4 Orga~,c
~ Vegetatec
2 Nonpe,s,sten,
-,,cd~, 1Q ,...,o,~ auequ,Ht'fy desc r•bc we1,nnd 1r<1 deepv.~I"' ~jb,,a,~ ,wE c, "'ore ol ,,-,,. wate, r ;,g,m;, wate, ""a~rr "'"'"I
so,F er >)ec,01 .. od l,e,s <r~v he Appl P~ ~• ,..,~, '"~~ m '""""' ,.,,.I ,n '"" n,r>f~rrnv r,·,. iarrn~U rnmJ1f1~r rTldY d•~u t,t auo,,ed tc, ,.,~ ecolcq,cal s,siem
l Brc,mJ-L,e~.,--1
Oeor1unt1~
2 Needl&•l~• .. ·•'
Dec1duo•~~
3 Oroad-le••··•I
c.,.,,gr"""
4 Needle t~,.~,,
E~e•gree~
5 Dead
5 Dec,duw,,,
7 C"n'J'~"''
OW OPEN.._.,
lmlrnr-wnRo,e
WATER REGIME WATER CHEMISTRY SOIL SPECIAL MODIFIERS
Non-Tidal
'~mo,,ca, 1ly f uo•J~<.J
~ ~~,Jra:@d
0_,,•a-;or>3,ly ~looded
',.-aw,,all~ Flcoded
,i~11 D•a,n,:d
S.-asonal/y Fla~a~ri
' .r..,:a•erf
,,,~ oerm3~e~1•y F <JOd<cd
,~,.,, nectl·, E,~csed
H Pern,a,,~cll·, floodeo
J '"'"'~'"'"""' flcnr1""1 ~ A,t•t-c ally C<ooced
W "'"'"''"c""' Fb<JOeO TemD•J'''Y
• '"" a,.-,J s""''""""'' ,.,,, Seas ir•al ,Nwm,•te,.,,1,
f-_,~,-,,~d ~~""""~"! ,J Unk,,v.,..,.
Tidal
I<; A,·,, ,all, Floode~ 'S I ernc,or;i,y T ,1J
S ,,-., <1rll ·A Seas,x,,o ',<:Ja,
-,,, ,,.~·~,·~"'I E•~c:, .. o ·1 Sem I-·~•~·-~~,, T,,_,a, ', ~"qu,.;r<v'" ooded •v -'P"n,,~.,, 1 r .. 13,
P •,·ey,na,, '"oG<led U
'••~~~ "'""' ·~g•r,-,.,\ , ... '.,,,,'
· ~.,11, .,h,,,,n,•p{I '" • .·,,,•a• ~V' '•••rs
Coastal Halin1ty
1 1-voerC•dl,n~
2 Eu~al n~
J M·,uta3l,ne '/:J,r,-1,,,r1
4 "olyha•,re
5 'v1esot.al ne
/J o,,J~tia1,~e , F,esn
Inland Sahnity
7 Hv~e,,a ,,-"
8~JS31,-,E
\I M-,os:, ,re
0 F,e~h
pH Mod11iers for
all FrP.sh Water
3 J>.c,o
r C rcu-nn~"""I A-~a"r~
~ D•gan,c r M,neral
h Bea,~, ~ F:,r/1AI!; rJr~med Du,1,,,
' Fa,rned
• '·•·•,/ /;npOut><l°C
;.., !,,-~, Substra,~
SYSTEM
SUBSYSTEM
CLASS
Swoc1ass
SYSTEM
SUBSYSTEM
CJISS
Subclass
--~TJ::;-;; ;·
•·' I ,_,. '· J' I ''
:_;psTLE f-\AYfJ[, NC
NATIONAL WETLANDS INVENTORY
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
"'PltiJ,v f er~:~
'· .. ,,r; "9'''f . ' ,.,,,.: :1 ' . , -',;.
"_ ·r-:;:..;t
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,: -, '"~('{{:•:~--# • ' ,_ Rl'6·J·✓-,;}.,.· :· •. •.-«:-,,·:~·1·:.., ·;·.-..;;;,.: .< ... :
!'~ . _-< • / _,.., .._~::;{ ?..-_'
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~:;-~(,,;;I .. • ~ 'Uf
-',--•'-.·c"-• • •.-_• l/ J;.,,i-;;_,~~ ... ;:;a~ ~ -'))}~ii
';/'sf'_ ·11:. ,: -,.-, -~· -.-. :;·•··)~-... ~~ :.·-:.; t,, ~--· ·-"'t,•-· . i '.: ·(.• '•
•f_: • !·: ;.:;.
· -:-~ d;t, · , -I1,'fr. -~ ,,
-;n; ..... ""'"'~~.;,;;.Jf;i:·;;;,µ:,:·_. -?~
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: ;:-.""~ J{ t' ~.., ' .. ._,, ' / ~ • ~-•. . :1 '
~~, .., ' ..,. ' • ;1,, . " • "'¾I • . ,. ' •
_ L2U5C11
hemical
187 094
ne, New Hanov r Co., NC
-02
95
94
BEAUFORT SW
WILMINGTON
SCALE I '.'4 OOC
2XC
0
SPECIAL NOTE
500(, 600C 1,xc, rrE'
S452 Ill f, \','
SYMBOLOGY EXAMPLE
SYSl tM
SLASYS7TM
Cl AS:, -~2EM2F
55
NOTES TO THE USER
•Subsystems.Classes, Subclasses, and Waler Regimes
1n Italics were developed specif1caUy for NATIONAL
WETLANDS INVENTORY mapping
• Some areas designated as R458, R4SBW, OR R4S8J
(INTERMITTENT STREAMS) may not meet !he def!r,1-
t1on of welland
• This map uses the class Unconsolidated Shore (US1
CASTLE HAYNE, N. C
D 1 acre D Sacres D 10acres □ 20 acres □ 40 acres
This documen1 was prepared primarily by s1ereoscop1c
analysis of high altitude aerial photographs Wetlands were
1dent1hed on the photographs llased on yege1a11on. v1s1ble
hydrology, and geography in accordance with Classifica-
tion of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United
States (FWS/08S -79/31 December 1979) The aerial
photographs typically reflect conditions dur 1ng the spec1f1c
year and season when they were taken. In add1t1on, there
ts c1 margm of error inherent in 1he use of the aerial
photographs Thus, a detailed on the ground and h1s1or1cal
analysis of a single sne may result tn a re\11sion of the
wetland boundaries established through photographtc
mterpretat1on In addition, some small wetlands and those
obscured by dense forest cover may not be included on 1h1s
document
SL'BCLA~S WAHR PFGIMF
UPLAND 1\ION-VV[TLANJ·,
On earher NWI maps that class was designated Beach,
Bar (BB), or Flat [Fl) Subclasses rema1r, 1he same 1n both
versions
SYSTEM
SUBSYSTEM
CLASS
SubclaH
SYSTEM
SUBSYSTEM
SYSTEM
CLASS
Subclass
ACREAGE GUIDE
For information on availability of NWI maps. call 1-800-USA-MAPS. Federal. State and local regulatory agencies with 1urisd1c-
11on over we11ands may define and describe wetlands 1n a
different manner than that used 1n this inventory There 1s
no attempt, 1n either the design or products o1 this inventory,
lode1melhe 1,m11sof propr1e1ary 1ur1sd,ct1on of any Federal,
State or local governmenl or 10 estabhsh the geographical
scope of the regulatory programs of government agencies
Person, intending to engage in acti\/ities involving modi-
fication, within or adjacent to wetland areas should seek
the advice of appropriate Federal, State or locel agencies
concerning ,pec1fied agency regulatory programs and
proprietary jurisdictions that may affect such act,vit,es.
)
R2UBH
!LINEAR DEf:PWA'"ER HABITAT·,
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE
Regional Director {AROE) Region IV
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
1875 Century Blvd.
Room 240
Atlanta, GA 30345
M -MARINE
1 -SUBTIDAL 2 -INTERTIDAL
RB -ROCK
B070M
VB UNCONSOLIOATEO AEI AOUATIC9EO Fl~ REE!' OW OPfNWATtR A~-AQLJ,<1.TICBED Rf-· REH RS ROC11, SHOR£ US -'JNCONSOUDATED RB -ROCK
BOTTOM Un>;,,,,..,,, Botrom
1 Bedrock 2 Rubble
1 Cobble G,avel
2 Sar,d
3 '-lud
4 O,gan,c
1 -TIDAL
1 A1g,,1
3 floo1ed Va~cula,
!, Unlrn<>wn
Subme,9,.nr
, Co,al
3\o\iom,
2 -LOWER PERENNIAL
1 Algal 1 Coral
3 Roo!ed Vucular 3 Worm
5 Unknown S"bmer9.,n,
R -RIVERINE
1 F!f'O<ock
2 F!ubb,,.
3 -UPPER PERENNIAL 4 -INTERMITTENT
SHORE BOTTOM
1 Cobble Gra~el
2 Sand
3 M"d 4 Qr\j,lOIC
1 Be(jroct< 2 Rubble
5 -UNKNOWN PERENNIAL
RB--POC~ UB -UNCONSOLIOATEO 'SB --STREAMBEO AB AQUATIC BE) RS ROCKY US -UNCONSOLIUAHO • •EM -CMfAGFNl OW-OPENWA1ER
Uni.,rr:,wn Br:,llom BOTTOM BOTTOM SMORl Si--tOl'lt
1 6ed1od
2 Rubb e
· Cobble Grawel 2 Sand
3 Mud
4 Oro;ian,c
1 Bedroc~
2 Rubble
3 Cobble Grav.-1
4 SarxJ
5 Mud 6 Orqan,c
7 Veqet;,11.'<J
' Alga' 1 Be-d•ock
? Aquat,c Moss 2 Rubble
3 Rooted Vascular
4 float,ng Vaoscu:~,
5 UnJ;no"'n Subme,genr
6 Un•no.,,n Surlaoa:
1 Cobble-G,avel
:.1 Sand
JM'"'cl 4 O,gan,c
5 Ve9e1a1ed
·STAEAMBED ,s hrn,i~d u, llDAL a,,<J INTERMITTHoT SLJBSYS TEMS ar>d cornp,,s.,s 11>e onlv CL.ASS ,n !he 1NTERMITUNT SUBS I'S• lM
• "FME RGFNl ,s 1,m,te<l tco llDAl a~ct L OWFA PFRFNrl,IAl SUBS YSlEMS
P -PALUSTRINE
RB -F>OCK UB . UNCQNSOLIOATED AB AOUATI( BED US ·,JNCONSOILDATEO ML MOSS EM -EMERGENT SS SCRUB SHRUB fO -f0RES1EO OW OPEN WA1£R,
BOllUM BOTTOM SHORE LICHEN Unkt>e>wn8orl<Jm
1 Bed,od
2 Rubble
1 Cobt,le Gra11e1
2 Sand
J Mud 4 o,gar.,c
1 ALgal
'1 AQc,a1.,· Mnss
3 RCWJtOO 'J.asc,.,1a,
4 flMHng Vascular
5 un-no....,,,
Sut,m,.,9,,n1
6 UnAn""'" S,,r/;,r,.
1 Ccbble-G,ave,
2 San<!
3 MJct 4 O,g.an,r
5 \lege1a1e<1
1 p.,,~,~1er11
2 Nor,ue, s,s1enr
1 Broad Le;,,ed
Oec,duous
2 Needle Le-a.-ed
Oec,dur>"s 3 Broad leaved
Ever11,een
4 Needle-te;,~ed
(ve,gree~
5 Oeltd 6 Dec,duous
7 £yerg,een
1 Bro"" Leawd
Oec•duous
2 Ne-eclle-Leave<J
Oec,duou5
3 Broad Le"v~c
e~er11reen
4 Needle Le3Yt,C
e~er11reen
!:, De~d
6 Dec11:luous 7 Everg,e,.n
Prepared b-w National Wetlands Inventory
AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY Base Imagery and linework provided by the United States Geological Survey_
Pnmanly represents upland areas. bu1 mav ,.,elude un-
class1!1edwetlands such as man-mod,11ed areas. nor, photo·
1dent1f1able areas and/or unintentional omissions
DATE
SCALE
TYPE
_2~ _ .,_ B2 ___ 5:Jt_ r;~oc.
E -ESTUARINE
1 -SUBTIOAL
DATE 1994
SCALI:
TYPE
2 -INTERTIDAL
VB-UNCONSOLIDATED AB-AUUATICBfD
BOTTOM
Rf -RfEF OW-OPf/liWATER, AA. AOtlATli.BEO RF -REH SB -SlAEAMBEC RS ROCICI' US l.lNCO'-SOLIDAfED EM -EMERGE'-1 SS SCRUB Sl-llsUB FO --'0RES1t0
1 Cobtlle G,a,--el
2 Saor-d
1 A!ga' 2 Mollusc 3 Rooted Vascular 3 Worm
3 Mud 4 O•!'!a,n,c
4 float,ng Vascula,
5 UnAnqwn Subme19en/ 6 UnJ;nq....,n Sur/ace
1 -LIMNETIC
AR --ROCK UB UNCONSOLIOATED AB -AQUATIC
BOTTOM BOTTOM B[O
1 Bedrncl,,
2 Rubb~
1 Cobblr Grdw~l
2 Sancl
3 Mull <:i Organ,~
1 Algal
2 A~u.wc Mu~•
J Rooted \la5~u1a,
4 Flodlllly Va~cula,
5 U""""""" Subn,.,, ye-nt 6 Unl.nown 5.,,1.,,,.
Ut>l-nown BrJ110"' S>-IORE SHORE
1 Algal 1 Mol!ust
3 Rooted Vas,,u1ar 3 Wnrm
4 Hoa,1,ng Vascular
fo Unkn<>wn )iubm<N!Jent
6 Unkn<>wn Svrlace
L -LACUSTRINE
1 Cobble Gravel
2 Sand
J Mull
4 Orga'"<
1 Bectroc•
2 R~bl:Jle
1 Cobblt, G, d•~I 2 S;,nd
3 Mu<;
4 Organ,c
2 ~ LITTORAL
OW -QPil',' WA1£R RB ROCK UB -UNCONSOll[)AT[O AB AQUAH:
UnknownB:mom BOTTOM BOTTOM BED
1 8ed•ocl.
2 F:ubt,1., 1 Cobt>le Gr;,ve-1
2 S,md
3 Mud
4 Q,gan,c
I A,1q~I
2 A'-l'-'a, c Mo~~
3 fto,:,·ed \la~cular
4 Fioill ng Vas.:ulao 5 Unknown Subm.,rgenr
6 Unh,o..,.., S"rlacf"
MODIFIERS
RS -ROCKY
SHORE
1 Bed•ocl. 2 Rubble
1 Pers,s1er,1
2 Nonpers,s1en1
1 Broad-Lea,ed
Dec,duOu$
2 Needle Leev,,d
Oec,duous
3 Broed-Leaw:d
E.ergree" 4 Needle-Leal'ed
EW!rgreen
5 Oead
6 Dec,duous
I t,ergrttn
US UNCONSOUOATED U~ EMERGENl
SHORE
• Cobb•e G•avc
2 Sant:!
3 Mud
4 Orgar.,c
5 \le9etated
n "'""' Cc· mo'e a<leQua1e1, clescr,be wet'ano ano deepwa1er l>al:J,:ats O" .. or more of rt,e wate, '"II""" wat~, chem,s1rv
so,1 cor soec,a1 mod,t,ers ma,y 1w appl,ect a,,~., class o, lowe· lea1>I ,n me r,e,a,ct>y n,e 1a,m~ct moct,he, mav aiso t,e aor,l1P~ ,n ,.,., 1>rn109,r.a1 sysiem
1 Broad Leaved
Dec,duou• 2 Needle-leaved
Oec,duous 3 Broad Leaved
Ewcgree<'
4 Needle Leaved
E~e,gree<'
5 Oead
6 DeclO<JO<JS I [ •erg,een
OW -Opt/ti WATER
Untnown Bollom
WATER REGIME WATER CHEMISTRY SOIL SPECIAL MODIFIERS
Non-Tidal Tidal Coastal Halinitv Inland Salinity pH Modifiers for
A lt'mpo,anlv flOO()..., " p.,,m.ano>orlv FIOO<l<'II ' A111/1°ra//~ flOt,rlPtf -, r~mr,o,~•v T,11;11 1 1-<operhal,ne all Fresh Water g Organ•t l· Bea,e, r. D1Aed lmp"~"Ce<1 7 Hype,sal,n" e Sa1ura1ect , 1n1erm,11en!ly fioCWJPd ' Sutll<t:li!I ., Seasonal-T,lla• :I E ul>aline 8 Eus3hn~ "M•neral d Pa,r,Mly o,~,..,,,d D,rcred Ar1,t,c,at Substrate ,, SeHo.-.at1v F1oocte<1 ' A•hhc,allv f•aOOect M 1rr.,gu1ar1y f<pose<I ., Sem,perm~r'en• T,llal J M,.ot,al>ne f8ru,.sh1 9 M,,osJ1,~e a 11.c,,:J ' Fa,,.,e:l S $pc,1f
" Seasonally Hoo,Jecl W 1n1e•m111ent1, ' Rf'gc,larlv Hoodecl 'V Pe,m~"""I To,1~1 4 Pol-,,Mal,"<' 0 F,es~• t (" 1cumncu1tal • E~cavmed
Wt'li Drained fl,":>OCleO "~mpo,a,y ' 1,,egu'""• >ioo<lect C u"-"""'""" ~ Mesohal,n,· A Oal<r>,·
> !Jeasonall~ Hoodl!!'cl ' '•<lltHil1f'd "',en, pe,m,.r.Pn1 6 01,gohdl1ne
S1,tu,,.1"'1 Sea~or>al 0 Fresh • s .. rn,oermanPnlly Flr,M,.,-, , 1n1Prrn1T1Pr,!ly •Jt,psp water •e,g,mes "'" ,,nly "s~,1 ,n
G lnlerm,ttertly f,pose<l hpo~/"'1 PPrm;onPn! 1,cJ~11, ,nfh,~n,eM 1,.,s,,...,.,., .. , s~<,,.ms
" UnAnnwr,
SYSTEM
SUBSYSTEM
Sub, lass
SYSTEM
SUBSYSTEM
CLASS
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INTRODUCTION
NATIONAL WETLANDS INVENTORY
NOTES TO USERS
In 1974, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service directed its Office of
Biological Services to conduct an inventory of the nation's wetlands.
This National Wetlands Inventory (NWI) became operational in 1977.
Wetland delineations depicted on these maps were produced·by
stereoscopically interpreting high altitude aerial photography and
then transferring this infonnation with a zoom transfer scope to an
overlay using U.S. Geological Survey 7.5' or 15' map series as base
information.
Wetlands were identified on the photography by vegetation, visible
hydrology, and geography, and subsequently classified in general
accordance with Coward in et al. ( 1979) Classification of Wetlands and
Deep Water Habitats of the United States. Collateral information used
in this mapping effort included U.S. Geological Survey topographic
maps and .Soil Conservation Ser•,ice ·soil surveys. Where, for pragmatic
reasons, strict adherence to this classification system was not
possible, ·mapping conventions developed by NWI were ,,sed.
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NORTH CAROLINA USER NOTES
MARINE SYSTEM
MlUBL -Ocean; boundaries extend from the outer edges of continental
shelf shoreward to the landward limit· of low tide along beaches and
the seaward limit of the estuarine system in coastal inlets.
MlUB2L -.Inlet shoals on the ocean side. of an.imaginary. line .connecting
uplands of adjacent barrier islands, usually across the narrowest
point of an inlet.
M2US2P -Unconsolidated shoreline (beach) as determined by land
· difference between low and high tide; M2US2N zone is included here.
Special cases
M2RS2P -Beach outcroppings of coquina limestone, found at Ft. Fisher,
. New Hanover County.
M2RS2Pr -Rip-rap jetties that extend into the ocean and that were
constructed to stabilize navigation channels through inlets.
ESTUARINE SYSTEM
ElUBL -Open water of sounds and bays (i.e. Albemarle Sound) and
unvegetated pools within saltmarshes; extends from leeward side of
barrier islands to shore of mainland and to mouths of rivers and large
tidal creeks, approximately to where ocean-derive~ salts are less than
0.5 ppt. For larger coastal rivers such as the Neuse or Pamlico, an
arbitrary point, where the river narrows to less than a mile in width,
was selected as the upstream limit of this wetland type.
ElUB2L -Inlet shoals on the embayment side of an imaginary line
connecting uplands of adjacent barrier islands, usually across the
narrowest point of an inlet.
ElUB3L -Open water of coastal rivers or streams extending from ElUBL to
the palustrine system. Adjacent shoreline vegetation is usually
saltmarsh.
E2US2M -Shoals occasionally exposed by wind tides along eroding
headland,s.
E2US2N -Sand flats usually derived from beach overwash and thus
located leeward of barrier islands; exposed during low tide.
E2US2P -Sandy overwash islands, spits, and infrequent beaches that abut
El UBL.
E2US3M [E2US3N, E2US3P] -Large expanses of tidal mudflats within
saltmarsh. Areas of unconfined dredged material are mapped as E2US3Ps.
1)
E2EM1N -Saltmarsh community dominated by smooth cordgrass. The. boundaries of this wetland type may include areas of open water, tidal mudflats and shellfish beds (ElUBL, E2US3N, and E2RF2N, respectively).
E2EM1P -Saltmarsh dominated by needle rush. In certain broad areas subject to inundation by.freshwater, as around the eastern and southern shores of Dare and Hyde Counties, two distinct marshes are visible: the typical needle rush zone and a second marsh of sawgrass, giant cordgrass, cattails and switchgrass .. For. mapping. purposes, the marshes. are differentiated by water chemistry modifiers; needle ··rush is E2EM1PS and mixed saltmarsh is E2EM1P6.
E2SS1P -Mixed shrub and saltmarsh flats that occur along the upper limits of E2EM1P on barrier islands, as a transitional zone around dredged material islands, along tidal creeks with substantial freshwater inflow, and on moist to somewhat dry saline soils. Due to . the use .of winter photograhpy, the deciduous shrubs of this wetland type were masked by groundcover forbs, thus giving the appearance of marshlands.
E2SS3P -Southern waxmyrtle and/or yaupon dominated shrublands in interdune swales, on washover flats of barrier islands, and infrequently, as transitional areas between estuarine and palustrine wetlands.
E2SS7P -Any combination of Southern waxmyrtle, yaupon, red bay, loblolly bay, sweet bay with pine or cedar (less than 20 ft. tali) on barrier islands but more commonly as the transitional wetland between estuarine and palustrine areas. Southern red cedar shrublands occur on calcareous mud near Mann's Harbor, Dare County; along creeks and the upper shores on New River estuary, Onslow County; near the Shallotte River, -Brunswick County; and possibly elsewhere. Simiiar vegetation on dredged material is mapped as E2SS7Ps.
Special cases
ElUB3Lx -Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway and other dredged navigation channels where the channel alignment obviously did not coincide with existing streams.
ElAB3L -Shoalweed beds found adjacent to Emerald Isle near the western end of Bogue Sound. Other areas of seagrass beds exist in New River estuary of Onslow County and in Currituck Sound.
E2RF2P -Shellfish beds visible when the aerial photograph used in wetland delineation was taken.
E2F04P -Loblolly pines with needle rush understory, usually located within the broader expanses of E2EM1P as near the.mouth of Pungo River, in eastern Pamlico County and along the lower Pamlico and Neuse Rivers. Possible inconsistency in interpretation; may be mapped elsewhere as PF04A, PF04B.
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RIVERINE SYSTEM
R1UB3V -Broad, sluggish, freshwater stretches of coastal plain rivers
such as the Scuppernong, Perquimans, Northeast Cape Fear, etc. where
the level of water in the channel is affected by wind or lunar tides.
R2UB3H -Stream channels in the coastal plain upstream from tidal
effects; velocity is slow, turbidity high, and stream bottoms covered
by sandy silt or mud.
R2UBH (R3UBH) -Piedmont and mountain streams where bottom conditions
are unknown.
R2UB3H -Typical muddy bottom stream channel in the piedmont; may become
R3UBH in the western piedmont or where shoals (R3RB1G) are prominent.
R3UB1H -Common stream type in mountains; occasionally becoming R3RB1H
in areas of shoals; hornleaf riverweed is commonly associated with
larger cobbles and boulders; aquatic mosses sometimes abundant.
R4SBC -Upper reaches of mountain streams.
Special cases
R1AB3V -Aquatic beds comprised cf water lilies and spadderdock are
common along large blackwater tributaries and coastal rivers such as
the Northeast.Cape Fear and Black River.
LACUSTRINE SYSTEM
LlUBH -Carolina bay lakes larger than 20 acres and other large natural
lakes such as Great Lake in Croatan National Forest and Sawyer Lake in
Alligator River National Wildlife Refuge.
L2AB3H -Thickly vegetated shallow bottom of Lake Mattamuskeet and
Phelps Lake, perhaps others. Mapped as L2AB3/UB2H and L2AB2/UBH at
Lake Mattamuskeet and L2OWH and L2AB6H at Phelps Lake.
L2US3Gh -Exposed drawdown zone in certain large impoundments in the
piedmont and mountains as along the Yadkin River in High Rock Lake and
the Little Tennessee River in Lake Hiwassee.
Special cases
LlUBlHx. -Flooded pits larger than 20 acres where limestone, phosphate,
or other IDaterials have been removed.
L1UB3Hh -Hydroelectric and water supply impoundments found mostly in
the piedmont and mountains.
L2UB3Kx -Phosphate mine slime pond.
L2AB3K3h -Wildlife impoundments with submerged aquatic plants as in
Pea Island National Wildlife Refuge.
L2US3Khs -Unvegetated, diked disposal areas for dredged material.
L2EM2K3h -Wildlife impoundments containing spikerush and other
nonpersistant emergent plants as along the south shore of Lake
Mattamuskeet and in eastern Pamlico County.
PALUSTRINE SYSTEM
PUBH -Natural ponds, smaller than 20 acres, occurring as interdune
swales, as karst features (Sunny Point and Boiling Springs Lakes),
as small Carolina bays, and as other flooded depressions of
undetermined origin.
PAB3H -Shallow ponds colonized by water lilies, spadderdock, water
shield, various species of pondweeds, or other aquatic plants.
PEMlA [PEMlC, PEMlF) -Freshwater marshes with varying degrees of
wetness; occasionally applied to powerline rights-of-way and
undrained _field depressions. PEMlA is frequently applied to areas
recently cleared for agriculture or silviculture. Dominant plants may_
include bullrushes, spikerushes, rushes, beakrushes, sedges, panic
grasses, cattails and arrowheads.
PEMlB -Marshes or bogg0· areas in peatlands, Carolina bay depressions,
or rarely, mountain bogs.
PSSlA [PSSlC) -Cutover timberlands, abandoned bottomlands fields, and
infrequently, site-prepared silvicultural lands.
PSS4A [PSS4C] -Pine scrublands of loblolly and/or pond pine, abandoned
lowland fields where pines have invaded, and occasional wet pine
plantations.
PSS7A [PSS7B, PSS7C] -Mixed shrub assemblages -of broadleaf evergreens
and pines, Sometimes mixed with cedars, or in the mountains, red
spruce.
PSSlB -Non-alluvial scrub-shrub swamps dominated by titi or red
maple as in Gul_l Rock Game Lands, Hyde County.
PSS3B -Gallberry or mixed bay shrub areas in peatlands; shrublands
regenerating after forest fires. Also very rare montane bogs, covered
mostly by species of rhododendron.
PSS4B -Scrub pinelands often over peat, and when mixed with or
dominated by Atlantic white cedar, mapped as PSS4Bg.
PSS3C -Broad-leaved evergreen scrub-shrub swamps. Dominant shrubs
include waxmyrtles, sweet bay, red bay and greenbria"s; Japanese
privet is connnon in some parts on the inner coastal plain.
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PSS6C -[PSS6F] -Mixed baldcypress-hardwood shrub, willow, or
buttonbush swamps.
PSS2F -Scrub pond cypress or·baldcypress, often found as a pond fringe.
PFOlA -Bottomland forest in the mountains and piedmont where the
streamflo, is moderate and alluvium is fairly well-drained; dominant
trees are river birch, sweetgum, red maple, yellow poplar, sycamore,
American elm, sugarberry,· bitternut hickory, swamp chestnut oak and
box elder. Shingle oak is sometimes common in the mountains. Toward
the eastern piedmont and on the driest bottomlands of the coastal
plain, loblolly pine can be a frequent component. This forest type
also occurs outside of bottomlands in certain parts of the coastal
plain as in Pamlico, Bertie, and western Hyde.Counties. On these
sites, the soil has high base saturation and is usually silty or
clayey.
PF04A [PF04C] -Loblolly pine forests, occasionally mixed with longleaf
pine and/or pond pine on the coastal plain; shortleaf pine in the
piedmont; white pine and hemlock in the mountains.
PFOSA [PF05B] -Burned-over forest; possible to have salt kill in outer
coastal plain.
PFOlB -Infrequently occurring non-alluvial hardwood swamps, dominated
by sweet gum or red maple and black gum.
PF04B -Pond pine and sometimes loblolly pine forests on peat soils or
saturated mineral soils in the coastal plain; red spruce or pitch pine
in the mountains. Atlantic white cedar forests are mapped PF04Bg.
PF06B -Non-alluvial swamps of baldcypress and/or black gum;
occasionally red maple is present.
PF07B -. Mixed forest of evergreens, usually one or more species of
pine and loblolly bay, .red bay, or sweet bay; associated with
peatlands; coastal plain only.
PFOlC -A forest type of limited occurrance in the western piedmont but
common ease of the Uwharries, especially in the Triassic Basin and on
the western coastal plain. Species are much the same as in PFOlA with
increased dominance of swamp chestnut oak, overcup oak, black gum,
Southern red oak, Shumard oak, laurel oak, willow oak, river birch and
water hickory;
PF06C -A common inner coastal plain forest type with baldcyp.ress
invariably present; otherwise, similar to PFOlC.
PF07C -Dune ridge swales; dominated by bays, live oak, pine or cedar.
Found in many maritime forest areas.
PF02F -Pond cypress or baldcypress swamps; originally reserved for
baldcypress-tupelo gum swamps.
G)@
s)
PF06F -Predominantly baldcypress and black gum, or tupelo gum and
Carolina ash in the wettest sites; frequent along coastal plain rivers
and large creeks. Blackwater river swamps in SE NC may also have
water elm.
PF05G -Forest killed from excessive flooding as in the upper reaches of
impoundments (human-made or beaver).
PF06G ~ Forested ponds or fringes of ponds were some combination or
single species o"f the following occur: pond cypress, baldcypres-s,
water tupelo, black gum, willow and red maple.
Special cases
PRBlGx -Quarry pool in an area with active mining.
PRBlHx Abandoned quarries that remain permanently flooded.
PUBlGx or Hx -Gravel pit containing water, usually located in a
floodplain.
PUB2Gx or Hx -Sand pit containing water, usually in a floodplain
or in riverine sand ridges.
PUB3Gx -Large, shallow roadside borrow pits, often seen along newer
highways such as interstate highways; sites are mostly former uplands.
PUBHh -Farm or golf course ponds that are irreogular in outline,
located near the headwaters of small drainages wher the flow of water
has been obstructed by human-made dams. The lower case "h" modifier
is applied to other wetlands that occur upstream from the ponds and
that have hydrologies affected by impoundment.
PUBHx -Excavated irrigation ponds, usually rectangular in outline. -
PUB3Kr -Regular-shaped wastewater lagoons, sometimes constructed in
uplands adjacent to wetlands; with concrete, gravel, or cobble
substrates, and flooded with wastewater. Lagoons associated with
farming operations may also be mapped as farm ponds or irrigation
ponds.
PEMlKhs -Diked dredged material disposal areas, often colonized by
common reed or cattails.
PEMlN -Freshwater or very midly brackish water marshes formerly used
for wild rice cultivation with little or no evidence of prior
impoundment; Cape Fear region.
PEMlSh -Partly impounded marshes formerly used for wild rice
cultivation; generally restricted to lower Cape Fear region.
PEM2Kh -Small wildlife impoundments with nonpersistant grasses and
sedges.
PSSlGb -Mixed shrub and marsh (PAB3Gb, PEMlGb) areas in beaver ponds.
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In mapping eastern North Carolina, exceptions always arise and many
different combinations of alphanumerics have been tried. The earlier maps
contain mixed classes and mixed subclasses. Unfortunately, this practice
has all but eliminated any reasonable chance at data processing, in that
the number of permutations is staggering.
Although certain mixed .categories more accurately depict the actual f.ield
conditions, for example,. PF04/SS3B for pocosin wetlands with a pond pine
overstory and a gallberry and bay understory, we are refraining from
execessive use of mixed groups. Current NWI convention guidelines allow
only·these combinations o, their reciprocals: for SS 1/3 and 1/4, for FO,
1/2, 1/3, 1/4, 2/4, and 6/7. In North Carolina, an SSl/3 is almost
impossible to find without pines (4), and the F02/4 doesn't exist here.
Therefore, the likely combinations are SSl/4, SS4/l, FOl/2, F02/l (must be
verified by field truthing), FOl/3, F03/l (rare or nonexistent), FOl/4,
F04/l, F06/7, and F07/6.
Early maps also show frequent use of combinations such as EM/SS, FO/SS,
etc. We have tried to elioinate all of these mixed classes.
Revised: May, 1988
NC Department of Natural Resources and Connnunity Development
Division of Soil and Water Conservation
P.O. Box 27687
Raleigh, NC 27611
NWI MAPS ARE NOT FOR REGULATORY USE
THE NATIONAL WETLANDS INVENTORY (NWI) IS A PROJECT OF THE U.S. FISH AND WILDLIFE
SERVICE. THE NWI MAPS DO NOT DEFINE WETLANDS FOR REGULATORY PURPOSES. WETLAND
BOUNDARIES M.AY NOT BE EXACT.
IF YOU ARE CONSIDERING LAND USE CHANGES AND YOU ARE NOT SURE WHETHER THE LAND
CONTAINS REGULATED WETLANDS, YOU CAN OBTAIN A SITE-SPECIFIC WETLANDS
DETERMINATION FROM A PRIVATE CONSULTING FIRM. OR THE APPROPRIATE GOVERNMENT
AGENCY, SUCH AS:
U.S. AR>-!Y CORPS OF ENGINEERS
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICE
(formerly SOIL CONSERVATION SERVICE)
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Reasor Chemical Co.
NCO 986 187 094
Castle Hayne, New Hanover County, NC
Ref. 8
MEMO TO FILE
DATE:
FROM:
SUBJECT
August 2, 2000
Jeanette Stanley, Environmental Chemist
CLP Statements of Work
I spoke with Nardina Turner, US EPA [phone] of the Sample Management Office.
I asked her if the Statements of work and /or Contract-Required Quantitation Limits were
different in the years 1997, 1998 or 1999 from those presently in effect
Nardina stated that the lnorganics Statement of Work has not changed since 1995.
Therefore, the current Detection/Quantitation limits have remained unchanged since that time.
She said that some of the target compound have been changed in the Organics Statement of
Work, but that none of the Contract Required Quantitation Limits had been changed for those
compounds that have remained on the list She suggested that I reference the Fact Sheets on
these statements of work, which list the limits an_d/or summarize changes. These are attached.
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United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response Publication 9240.0-08-FSD January2000
oEPA Multi-Media,
Multi-Concentration,
Organic Analytical Service for
Superfund (OLM04.2)
uick Reference Fact Sheet
Under the legislative authority granted to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) under the Comprehensive
Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of I 980 (CERCLA) and the Supcrfund Amendments and
Reauthorization Act of 1986 (SARA), EPA develops standardized analytical methods for the measurement of various
pollutants in environmental samples from known or suspec..ted hazardous WdStc sites. Among the pollutants that are of concern
to the EPA at such sites, arc a series of volatile, semivolatilc, and pcsticide/Aroclor (pesticide/PCB) compounds that are
analy,ed using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and gas chromatography with an ekctron
capture dctcc1or (GC/ECD). The Analytical Operations/Data Quality Center ( AOC) of the Office ofEmergcncyand Remedial
RcsJX)nsc (OERR) offers an analytical service that provides data from the analysis of water and soil/sediment samples for
organic compounds for use in the Superfund decision-making process. llrrough a series of standardized procedures and a
strict chain-of-custody, the organic analytical service produces data of known and documented quality. This service is
available through the Supcrfund ContrJct Laboratory Program (CLP).
DESCRIPTION OF SERVICES
lbc new organic analytical service is available as of
September 1999. It provides a technical and contractual
frame work for laboratories to apply EP NCLP analytical
methods for the isolation, detec.tion, and quantitative
measurement of 48 volatile, 65 scmivolatile, and 28
pesticide/ Aroclor (pesticide/PCB) target compounds in
Wdter and soil/sediment environmental samples. The CLP
provides the methods to be used and the specific technical,
reporting, and contractual requirements, including quality
assurance (QA), quality control (QC), and standard
operating procedures (SOPs), by which EPA evaluates the
datt. This service uses GOMS and GOECD methods to
analyze the target compounds. Three data delivery
turnarounds arc available to CLP customers: 7, 14, llild
21-day turnaround after laboratory receipt of the last
sample in the set. In addition, there are 48 (for volatiles)
and 72-hour [for semi volatiles and pesticides/ Aroclors
(pcsticidcs/PCBs)] preliminary data submission options
available. New options under this service include a closed
system purge-and-trap method for low level volatile soil
analysis and mc.1:hanol preservation for medium level
volatile soil analysis. In addition, users may request
modifications to the specified methodologies that may
include, but arc not limited to, additional compounds and
modified quantitation limits.
DATA USES
This analytical service provides data which EPA uses for
a variety of purposes, such as determining the nature and
extent of contamination at a hazardous waste site, assessing
priorities for response based on risks to human health and
the environment, dctcnnining appropriate cleanup actions,
and determining when remedial actions arc complete. The
data may be used in all stages in the investigation of a
hazardous waste site including site inspections, Hazard
Ranking System scoring, remedial inVCbtigations/fcasibility
studies, remedial design, treatability studies, and removal
actions. In addition, this service provides data that will be
available for use in Superfund cnforccmentllitigation
activities.
TARGET COMPOUNDS
The compounds for which this service is applicable and the
corresponding quantitation limits arc listed in Table l. For
water samples, the lowcstquantitation limits reportable arc
IO ppb for the volatile compounds, IO ppb for the
scmivolatile compounds, and 0.05 ppb for the
pesticidc/Aroclor (pesticide/PCB) compounds. For soil
samples, the lowest quantit.ation limit.s reportable arc I 0
ppb for the volatile compounds, 330 ppb for the
semivolatile compounds, and 1.7 ppb for the pesticide/
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Table 1. Target Compound List and Contract Required Quantitation Limits (CRQLs) For OLM04.2*
Quantilation Limits Quantitation Limit~ Quantitation Limits
Water
' -"'
VOLATILES
I. Dichlomdifluoromelhane 10
10 2. Otloromc:thane .
3. Vinyl Chloride . . . .. .. . . . . 10
4. Bromomethane . 10
5. Chlorocthm1e 10
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
IL
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
Trichlcirofluoromclruute
l, 1-Dichlaroethene ...
1,l ,2-Trichloro-
1,2,2-trifluorocthane .
Acetone
Carbon Disulfide
10
JO
Methyl Acetate .
Methylene Chloride
tmn.<r-1,2-Dichloroethcne .
Methyl tcrt-Butyl Ether.
1,1-Dichloroethane.
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
cis--l ,2-Dichloroethene
2-Butanone .
Cnloroform.
1,1,1-Trichloroethane.
Cydoht-xane.
Carbon Tetrncliloride
Benzene .
1,2-Dichlorocthnne.
Trichloroethcne
Mcthykydohex.ane .
1;1.-Dichlornpropane ..
Bromodichloromt'thane
cis-1,3-Dichloropnipcne
4-Methyl-2-penta.none
Toluene
10
10
. .... 10
10
JO
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
tran.'T-1,.1-Dichloropropc--ne .
l,l,2-Trichloroethane .....
Tetrachloroethene.
JO
JO
10
10 2-llexmmne ........ .
Dibromochlormncthane
1,2-Dibrrurnethane .
Otlorohenzcne .
Ethylbctv.cne
.... 10
Xylenes (Tola!).
Styrene .
Bromoform ..
lsoprupylbenzene ..
l,l,2,2-Tctrnchlornethanc.
l ,3-Dichlorobenzcnc . . ..
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
1,4-Dichlorobenzcne. 10
1,2-Dichlorobcnzcne . . . . . . . I 0
l,2-Dibromn-
3-chloru11rop:mc: . . . . . . . . . . l 0
1,2,4-Triclorohenzcne. 10
Low Soil
(µg/Kg)
..... 10
. . . 10
..... 10
. . . . . 10
..... 10
..... 10
..... 10
. . . . . 10
. . . . 10
... JO
... 10
..... 10
..... 10
..... 10
..... 10
..... 10
.... 10
..... 10
..... 10
..... 10
..... 10
.. 10
..... 10
. . . JO
. . . . . 10
.. 10
. . . . 10
. . . . . JO
..... 10
. . . . . JO
. . . . . 10
. . . . . IO
. . 10
. . 10
... 10
..... 10
..... 10
..... JO
..... JO
... 10
..... 10
. . . . . 10
..... 10
. . . . . 10
. . . . . 10
..... 10
..... 10
..... 10
Water
{uo{L)
SEMIVOLATILES
49. Benzaldcliyde . 10
10
10
JO
JO
50. Phenol ..... .
51. bis-{2-Chlorocthyl)cthc:r .
52. 2-Chlorophennl .
53. 2-Mcthylphennl
54. 2,2'--oxybis
(1-Chloropropa:ne) 10
55. Acetophenone . 10
56 .
57 .
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
4-Mcthylphenol I 0
N-Nitro~-<li-n-propylamine I 0
Hexachloroethane . . . I 0
Nitrobenzcne . . . . . . I 0
lsophorune . l 0
2-Nitrophenol . 10
2,4-Dimcthylphcnol . . . . . . . . 10
bis-{2-Chloroethoxy) methane . I 0
2,4-Dichlomphcnol . I 0
Napl1thalcne . 10
66. 4-Chloroaniline . 10
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72 .
73 .
74.
75.
76 .
77.
78 .
79 .
80.
81.
82.
83.
84.
85.
86.
87.
88.
89.
90.
91.
92 .
93 .
94.
95.
96.
97.
I lexachlombutadiene . . . . . I 0
Capro\act.am ...... .
4-Chloro-3-mcthylphenol ....
2--Methyhi.aphthalene
I lexm.:hlorocydopentadiene ..
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol .
2,4,5-Trichlorophenol .
10
10
10
10
10
25
1,1'-Biphcnyl JO
2-Chloronaphthalene . J 0
2-Nitroaniline . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Dimethylphthalate . . . . . . . . . I 0
2,6-Dinitrotolucne . 10
Acenapbthylcne 10
3-Nitroaniline . 25
Acenaphthcne . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 0
2,4-Dinitrophenol . 25
4-Nitrophcnol . . . 25
Dibenzofumn . . . . . . 10
2,4-Dinitrnlolucnc. . . 10
Diethylphlhalate . I 0
Fluon:ne . . . . . 10
4-Chlorophenyl-phenylethc:r . . l 0
4-Nitroaniline . 25
4,6-Dinitro-2-nr=thylphenol . 25
N-Nitrusodiphenylamine. 10
4-Bromophenyl-phenylether 10
llexachloruben701e... 10
Atrazine ....
PenL1chlorophCl10I
Phenanthrene
Anthrnccne .
10
25
10
..... IO
Low Soil
(µg/Kg)
.... 330
. ... 330
.... 330
.... 330
.... 330
. ... 330
.... 330
. ... 330
.... 330
.... 330
. ... 330
.... 330
.... 330
... 330
. ... 330
.... 330
. ... 330
. ... 330
... 330
. ... 330
. ... 330
.... 330
. ... 330
.... 330
. . 830
.... 330
.... 330
.... 830
.... 330
.... 330
.... 330
.... 830
.... 330
.... 830
.... 830
.... 330
. ... 330
.... 330
. ... 330
.... 330
.... 830
.... 830
.... 330
.... 330
. . . . 330
.... 330
.... 830
.... 330
. .. 330
98. Carbaz.ole . . I 0
99. Di-n-hutylphthalate.. 10
100. Fluomnthcne. . . . . . . . . . . . I 0
10 I. Pyrene 10
102. Butylbenzylphthalate . . . . . . I 0
103. 3,3'-Dichlnrobc:nzidine 10
104. Benzo(a)anthracene ....... 10
105. Chryscne 10
I 06. bis-{2-Ethylhexyl)phthaL1te . . I 0
107. Di-n-octylphthalate . 10
108. Bcnzo(b)fluoranthenc . 10
109. Benw(k)fluoranthene . 10
110. Benz.o(a)pyrene .......... 10
111. Indt:no{ l ,2,3-cd)pyrCl1e . . . . IO
112. Dibcnz(a,h)anthmcene 10
113. Bcnzo(g,h,i)perylene . . 10
PESTICIDES/AROCLORS
(PESTICIDES/PCR,i) Water
114.
115.
116.
117.
118.
119.
120.
121.
122 .
123.
124.
125.
126.
127 .
128 .
129 .
130.
131.
132.
133.
134.
135.
136 .
137.
138.
139.
140 .
141.
(µg/L)
a)pha-BHC . . . . . . . . . .. 0.05
beta-BIIC .............. 0.05
deli..1-BHC ............ 0.05
gamma-BHC (Lindane) ... 0.05
Hcptachlor ............. 0.05
Aldrin. . . 0.05
Hcptachlor epoxide ....... 0.05
Endosulfan I . . ..... 0.05
Dieldrin . . . . 0.10
4,4'-DDE . 0.10
Endrin .......... 0.10
Endosulfan 11 ........... 0. I 0
4,4'-DDD .............. 0.10
Endosulfan sulfate. . 0.10
4,4'-DDT ...... 0.10
Mcthoxychlor ........... 0.50
Endrin ketone ........... 0.10
Endrin aldehyde ......... 0.1 O
alpha-Chlonlane ......... 0.05
gamm1.-Chlord:me ....... 0.05
Toxaphcne . . 5.0
Aruclor-1016 1.0
Amclor-1221 2.0
Amdor-1232 1.0
Aruclor-1242 1.0
Anx:Jnr-1248 . . . 1.0
Aroclor-1254 ........... 1.0
Aroclor-1260 .... 1.0
• for volatiles, quantiL.'llion limits for medium soils are a11proximately 120 times the quantitation limits for low soils. For semi volatile medium soils, quantitation limits are
mmrnximatdv 30 times theauantitation limits for low soils.
2
330
330
330
330
330
330
330
330
330
330
330
330
330
330
330
330
Soil
(µg/Kg)
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.7
.. 3J
. ... 33
33
3.3
.... 33
.... 33
33
17
. ... 33
. ... 3J
1.7
1.7
170
33
67
33
33
33
33
33
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Aroclor (pesticide/PCB) compounds. Specific sample
quantitation limits will be highly matrix dependent.
Compounds identified with concentrations below the
quantitation limit will be reported as estimated
concentration values.
The list of target compounds for this service was originally
derived from the EPA Priority Pollutant List of 129
compounds. In the years since inception of the CLP,
compounds have been added to and removed from the
Target Compound List (TCL), based on advances in
analytical methods, evaluation of method performance
data, and the needs of the Superfund program.
For drinking water and groundwater type samples, use of
the low concentration orgaflic analytical service is
recommended.
METHODS AND INSTRUMENTATION
For semi volatile and pesticide/ Aroclor (pesticide/PCB)
w..1ter samples, a 1-L aliquot is extracted with methylene
chloride using a continuous liquid-liqWd extractor or
scparatory funnel [for pcsticides/Aroclors
(pcsticides/PCBs) only]. For low level scmivolatile soil
and pesticide/Aroclor (pcsticides/PCBs) soil samples, a
30-g soil/sediment sample is extrac-tcd with methylene
chloride/acetone using sonication, automated soxhlct, or
pressurized fluid extra(.tion techniques. For medium level
semivolatile soil samples, a 1-g aliquot is extracted with
methylene chloride using the techniques mentioned above
for low level soil s.unples. For both water and soil
samples, the extract is concentrated, subjected to
fraction-specific cleanup procedures, and analyLed by
GC/MS for scmivolatilcs or GC/ECD for
pesticideslAroclors (pcsticideslPCBs).
For volatile \vatcr samples, 5 mL ofw..1ter is added to a
purge and trap device and purged with an inert gas at
room temperature. For volatile low level soil samples, a
5-g aliquot of soil is added to a purge and trap device with
5 mL of reagent WJter then purged with an inert g'dS at
40°C; or a 5-galiquot (pre-\\.:ighed in the field) is purged
from a closed-system purge and trap device at 40'C. For
volatile medium level soil samples, a measured amount is
collected/extracted with methanol and an aliquot of the
methanol extract is added to reagent Wdter and purged at
room temperature. For both water and soil samples, the
volatiles purged from the sample arc trapped on a solid
sorbent. They arc subsequently desorbed by rapidly
heating the sorbent and then introduced into a GC/MS
system. Table 2 swnmarizes the methods and
instruments used in this analytical service.
DATA DELIVERABLES
Data deliverables for this service include hardcopy data
reporting fonns and sup{Xlrting raw data. In addition to
the hardcopy deliverable, contract laboratories must also
3
submit the same data clc(.ironically. The laboratory must
submit data to EPA within 7, 14, or 21-days [or
preliminary data within 48 hours (for volatiles)] or 72
hours [for semivolatiles and pesticidcs/Arodors
(pcsticidcslPCBs)] after laboratory receipt of the last
sample in the set. EPA then processes the data through an
automated Data Assessment Tool (DAT). DAT is a
complete CLP data assessment package. DAT
incorporates Contract Compliance Screening (CCS) and
Computer-Aided Data Review and Evaluation (CADRE)
review to provide EPA Regions with PC-compatible
reports, spreadsheets, and electronic files within 24 to 48
hours from the receipt of the data for data validation. This
automated tool facilitates the transfer of analytical data
into Regional databases. In addition to the Regional
electronic reports, the CLP laboratories are provided with
a data assessment report that documents the instances of
noncompliance. The laboratory has IO days to reconcile
defective data and resubmit the data to EPA. EPA then
reviews the data for noncompliance and sends a final data
assessment report to the CLP laboratory and the Region.
QUALITY ASSURANCE
The quality assurance (QA) process consists of
management review and oversight at the planning,
implementation, and completion stages of the
environmental data collection activity. lbis process
ensures that the data provided arc of the quality required.
During the implementation of the data collection effort)
QA activities ensure that the quality control (QC) system
is functioning effectively and that the deficiencies
uncovered by the QC system arc corrected. After
environmental data are collected, QA a(.tivities focus on
assessing the quality of data to determine its suitability to
support enforcement or remedial decisions.
Each contract laboratory prepares a quality assurance plan
(QAP) with the objcc1ivc of providing sound analytical
chemical measurements. The QAP must specify the
policies, organization, objectives, and functional
guidelines, as well as the QA and QC activities designed
to achieve the data quality requirements forth is analytical
service.
QUALITY CONTROL
The QC process includes those activities required during
analytical data collection to produce datr, of known and
documented quality. lbc analytical <lac, acquired from
QC procedures are used to estimate and evaluate the
analytical results and to determine the necessity for, or the
effect of, corrective action procedures. '[be QC procedures
required for this analytical service are shown in Table 3.
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Table 2. Methods and Instruments
Fraction Water Soil
Volatiles Purge-and-trap followed by GC/MS analysis Purge-and-trap or closed-system purge-
and-tran followed bv GC/MS analvsis
Semi volatiles Continuous liquid-liquid extraction followed by Sonication, automated soxhlct, or
GC/MS analysis pressurized fluid extraction followed by
GC/MS anal=is
Pcsticidcs/Aroclors Continuous liquid-liquid or scparatory funnel Sonication, automated soxhlct or
(Pesticides/l'CBs) extraction followed by dual column GOECD pressurized fluid extraction followed by
analvsis dual column GOECD analvsis
Table 3. Quality Control
QC Operation
Svstem Monitorine Comoounds (volatiles)
Surrogates [for semi volatiles and pesticides/ Aroclors
( nesticides/PCBs l l
Method Blanks (volatiles)
Method Blanks [semivolatiles and pcsticidcs/Aroclors
(pcsticidcs/PCBs )]
Instrument Blank (volatiles)
Instrument Blank r ocsticidcs/ Aroclors /ocsticidcs/PCBsll
Storaee Blanks /volatiles)
GC/MS mass calibration and ion abundance patterns
(volatiles and semivolatiles)
GC Resolution Check [pesticides/ Aroclors
I ~sticidcs/PCBs) l
Initial Calibration
Continuine Calibration
Internal Standards (volatiles and semivolatiles)
Matrix Spike and Matrix Spike Duplicate
PERFORMANCE MONITORING ACflVITIES
Laboratory pcrfonnance monitoring activities arc
provided primarily by AOC and the Regions to ensure
that contract laboratories arc producing data of the
appropriate quality. EPA perfonns on~site laboratory
audits, data package audits, GC/MS and/or GC/ECD
tape auWts, and evaluates laboratory perfonnance
through the use of blind performance evaluation
samples.
4
Frequency
Added to each samnle standard, and blank
Added to each sample, standard, and blank
Analwed at least everv 12 hours for each matrix and level
Prepared with each group of20 samples or less of same
matrix and level, or each time samples are extracted by
the same procedure
Analyzed after a sample which contains compounds at
concentrations i!featcr than the calibration ranl!e
Everv 12 hours on each GC column used for anal""is
Preoared and stored with each set of samolcs
Every 12 hours for each instrument used for analysis
Prior to initial calibration, on each instrument used for
analysis
Upon initial set up of each instrument, and each time
continuing calibration fails to meet the acceot.ance criteria
Everv 12 hours for each instrument used for analvsis
Added to each samnle standard. and blank
Once every 20 or fewer samples of same fraction, matrix,
and level in an SDG
For more information, or for suggestions to improve this
analytical service, please contact:
Terry Smith
Organic Program Manager
USEPNAOC
Ariel Rios Building (5204G)
1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW
Washington, DC 20460
703-603-8849
FAX: [phone]
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United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of
Solid Waste and
Emergency Response
Publication 9240.0-33FS
January 2000
&EPA Summary of Major Changes Made to
the Multi-Media, Multi-Concentration,
Organic Analytical Statement of Work
(OLM03.2 to OLM04.2)
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response
Analytical Operations/Data Quality Center (5204G) Quick Reference Fact Sheet
Under the legislative authority granted to the U.S. Environmental Prot<.'Ction Agency (EPA) under the Comprehensive
Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Ac~ of 1980 (CERCLA) and the Superfund Amendments and
Rcauthori7.ation Act of 1986 (SARA), EPA develops standardized analytical methods for the measurement of various
pollutants in environmental samples from known or suspected hazardous waste sites. Among the JXlllutants that are of concern
to the EPA at such sites, are a series of volatile, sernivolatilc, and pcsticidc/Aroclor (pesticide/PCB) compounds that arc
analyzed using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and gas chromatography with an electron
capture detector (GC/ECD). The Analytical Operations/Data Quality Center ( AOC) of the Office ofEmcrgcncyand Remedial
Response (OERR) offers an analytical service that provides data from the analysis of water and soil/sediment smnples for
organic compounds for U5e in the Supcrfund decision-making process. Through a series of standardized procedures and a
strict chain-of-custody, the organic analytical service produces data of known and documented quality. This service is
available through the Superfund Contract Laboratory Program (CLP).
OVERVIEW OF MAJOR CHANGES
The new organic analytical service provides a technical
and contractual framework for laboratories to apply
EPA/CLP analytical ml.1:hcx.ls for the isolation, dctetiion,
;md quantitative measurement of target com!X)unds in
water cmd soil/sediment environmental s:.unplcs. lbe
following service items were added or modified to better
serve our customers.
i. All references to 14-day and 35-day data
turnaround times were removed. With
OLM04.2, laOOfatories now have 7-, 14-, or 21-
day turnaround times for analyses after
laboratory receipt of the last sample in the
sample delivery group (SDG). Under the 7-day
turnaround option, preliminary data can be
obtained within 48 hours (for volatile analyses)
or 72 hours (for semivolatilc and
pesticidc/Aroclor [pesticide/ PCB] analyses).
II. The definition of an SDG WdS modified to
include samples received over a 7-day period
( was 14 days) regardless of contract turnaround
time, and the maximum of 20 samples in an
SDG now excludes Performance Evaluation
(PE) samples. In addition, laboratories are now
Ill.
IV.
V.
required to prepare and analyze PE samples
concurrently with samples in the SDG, and all
samples and sample fractions assigned to an
SDG must be scheduled under the same
contractual turnaround time.
The number of volatile and scrnivolatile
compounds has been modified to include lO
new volatile compounds and five new
scmivolatile compounds. In addition, four
scmivolatilc compounds were moved to the
volatile target compound list. The compounds
that have been added or moved arc detailed in
the Modifications To Target Compounds
section and shaded in Table I.
Modified the delivery schedule for Sample
Traffic Reports from "5 working days" to "3
working days" to accommodate the new data
turnaround requirements.
Includes the optional use of Modified SW-846
Method 5035 using a closed system purgc-and-
trap method for low-level volatile soil analysis
and of mL1:hanol preserved field samples for
medium level volatile soil analysis.
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vi. Users may now request modifications to the
specified methodologies that may include, but
arc not limited to, additional compounds and
modified quantitation limits.
vii. SW-846 methods 3541 and 3545 (Automated
Soxhlct ExtraLtion and Pressurized fluid
Extrattion) were added for optional use if
laOOratorics demonstrate equivalence and the
laboratory is approved by the EPA. These
alternative cxtnu,,tion techniques provide the
laboratories with the option to use extraction
procedures that require less solvent.
MODIFICATIONS TO TARGET COMPOUNDS
Since the CLP began in 1980, compounds have been
added lli!d removed from the Target Compound List
(TCL) based on advdl1ces in anal;tical methods,
evaluation of method performance data, and to m<.-et the
needs of Superfund prognun participants. Compounds
that have been added or moved in the SOW arc shaded in
Table l. 'lbc following modifications were made to the
organic analytical service target compounds.
1. New volatile compounds include:
dichlorodifluoromcthanc, trichlorofluoro-
methane, I ,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluorocthane,
methyl acetate, tmns-1,2-dichlorocthcnc, methyl
tert-buytl ether, cis-1,2-dichlorocthcne, cyclo-
hexillle, mcth)icy:lohexane, 1,2-dibromocthanc,
isopropylbcnzene, and 1,2 dibromo-3-..chloro-
propane.
11. Compounds moved from semivolatiles to
volatiles are: 1,2-dichlorobenzenc, 1,3-di-
chlorobcnzenc, 1,4-dichlorobenzcne, and 1,2,4-
trichlorobcnzcne.
111. New semivolatilc compounds include: bcnz-
aldehyde, acctophcnooe, caprolactam, 1,1'-bi-
phenyl, and atrazine.
MOIJIFICATIONS TO METIIODS AND
INSTRUMENT AT ION
Current methods and instrumentations have been
1mxlified in an effort to allow CLP participants to use
newer technologies or address previous issues. The
following items summarize the modifications to the
organic analytical service.
1. The absence of a temperature indicator bottle is
addressed by using an alternative procedure to
dctcnnine the cooler temperature.
2
11. The analysis of matrix spikes and matrix spike
duplicates is now optional and will be required
on a case-by-case basis at the request of the
customer.
111. "Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC)
Calibration" now includes "GPC Calibration
and Continuing Calibration Verification
(CCV)". In addition, the GPC cleanup
procedures are based on manufacturer's
specifications.
iv. In addition to SOW specified screening
procedures, laboratories maynowuseother EPA
approved screening procedures, as well as their
own in-house screening procedures, for
detennining if low or mediwn level analytical
methods should be used.
v. Modified methods may be performed after a
written request has been approved by the
Regional CLP Project Officer (PO) and
laboratory Contracting Officer (CO). For
example, additional compounds may be
requested orquantitation limits maybe adjusted
Volatiles
The following items were added for volatiles.
1. Specific procedures arc included for the
collection and weighing of low and medium
level soil samples for analysis by Modified SW-
846 Method 5035.
11. Procedures were incorporated to address the
preparatioo and analysis of samples usmg
Modified SW-846 Method 5035.
111. Guidance is provided for the analysis of storage
blanks when an SDG contains only soil samples.
1v. The composition of the ''trap" portion of the
purge-and-trap device was modified to
incorporate 7 cm of coconut charcoal. This
modification was made to accommodate new
target compounds.
Scmivolatilcs and Pesticides/Aroclors (Pesticides/PCBs)
1. The frequency of method blanks WdS clarified to
require that a method blank be extracted each
time samples arc extracted; the number of
samples extracted with each method blank shall
not exceed 20 samples; the method blank shall
be extracted by the same procedure used to
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ii.
extract samples; and the method blank shall be
analyzed on each GC/MS system used to
analyLc associated samples.
The following items were added for the optional
use of SW-846 methods 3541 and 3545
(Automated Soxhlct Extraction and Pressurized
Fluid Extraction).
Lanh•1.mgc was added for the
dctcnnination of method cquivalency
for alternative extraction procedures.
Specific instructions were provided
allowing laboratories to utilize
alternative extraction methods, ifprc-
approved by EPA.
MODIFICATIONS TO REPORTING
REQUIREMENTS AND DATA DELIVERABLES
Data deliverables for this service include hardcopy data
reporting fonns and supporting raw <lat.a. In addition to
the hardcopy deliverable, contrm,1 laOOratorics must
submit the same data on diskette ( or via an alternate
means of cle<,.,tronic transmission if approved in advance
by EPA). Below are modifications that affect data
deliverables.
i. The two most recent UV traces of the GPC
scmivolatilc calibration solution arc now
required for submission.
II. Requirements were modified for reporting
tentatively identified compounds (rICs) for
which a library match of 85% or greater is
obtained. "!be name of the compound with the
best match must be reported as the TIC, whether
ur not there was a positive identification.
3
Ill.
IV.
Instructions \Vere incorporated regarding <lat.a to
be supplied in instances where no airbill is
received.
Additional instructions arc provided for the
requirements and items included un tape audits
(magnetic tapes). Tape audit requirements now
apply to GC/ECD data in addition to the
previously required GC/MS data.
v. Modified the assignment of an SDG number to
include instructions for assigning SDG numbers
for frac1ions of the same field samples scheduled
under different rumarolllld times.
v1. Modified the electronic reporting of date
information to be Y2K compliant.
For more information, or for suggestions to improve this
analytical service, please contact:
Terry Smith
Organic Prognun Manager
USEPNAOC
Ariel Rios Building (52040)
1200 Pennsylvm1ia Avenue, NW
Washington, DC 20460
703-603-8849
FAX: [phone]
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Table 1. Target Compound List and Contract Required Quantitation Limits (CRQLs} For OLM04.2*
Quanlitation Limits
Low Soil
Water (µg/Kg) , ... ,,,
VOLATILES
t
2.
3.
4.
5.
6!
7. ¥:
9.
10. n;
12.
13. )J~
15.
16.
17.
18.
19. @;
21.
22.
23.
24.
ls"
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35. jtiJ
37.
38.
39.
40.
41
~£
43 44; :.s, ,fo,
:4;?;
Jf
)il~~!JMJ~rit~MM~i~M~ rn
Otl~r~th.'lll.e . · · I 0
Vinyl Chloride . I 0
Bromomcthane . 1 0
Olloroethane . 10 rr~@;nowttffithJM j_~
10
fo
Acetone . JO
Cmhon Disulfide I 0
~!i•J>J1Aii©~ · · · ·. · .... \ii
Methylene Chloride I 0
tnms-:, 1,2-[)khlorocthe:ne_** . . .W Mfi~hffff!#(;I#i~~t: . . . .rn.
1,1-Dichlorocthane. 10
cis--1,2-Dicluoroethene**. 10
2-Buumone. IO
Chloroform . l 0
.q.,!::Trif.h}~oethane .. ~~i1{i:Jifo~ ...... , ... ..
C-u-lxm Tctrnchloride .
fkm.cne ..
l ,2-Dichloroctlmnc
T richlorocthene ......... . Miiiil¥f@&\iiM ...... .
1,2-Dicltloroprup.1ne .. .
Bromodichlornmethane
ds-1,3-Dichlompropene .
4-Methyl-2-pentanone
Toluene .
trans-1,3-Dic:hloropropene .
1,1,2-Trichlonx:thane .
Tetrachlomethene .
2-Hexnnone .
Dibrnmochlormocthane J~~ii.ifu'.~:@).#~~ij
10 "1#
10
10
10
10 ie
10
10
10
10
10
JO
10
10
JO
10 lo
C,blorobcnzcne . 1 0
Ethyl benzene I 0
Xylencs(Tolal). 10
Styrene JO
Bromofonn . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 0 "t~~~tjfofi@~~~i . . . . . . . . JO
..L:J-.?..1?:~T.~~s.b)w.~~mc , I 0 hW~k:hW7~,~1f. .fo ,ht:mcfillr-O~~n:~ fo :Hfi>idiWJffi.Mi~M f9_ i\i'iiiii\WM ~~~\,r.~_;,1;*#4 · : : : : r~
..... i~
.... 10
..... 10
. . . . . 10
..... ..1.9. ..... rn
..... 10
..... iii
... 10
..... 10 ..... !9
..... 10
..... 10 ..... rn .. .. . 'IO
. . . . . 10
..... 10
..... 10
10 ..... %
. .... 10
..... 10
..... 10
..... JO . .... rn
..... l0
... 10
..... 10
..... 10
.. JO
. .... 10
. .... 10
..... 10
10 ..... 1.9
..... ,to ..... ··i·o
..... 10
..... 10
..... 10
..... 10 ..... i9
..... 10
: : : : : j~
..... IQ
..... @
· · · · · 19
Quantitalion Umils
LowSnil
Water (µg/Kg) , .... ,,
SEMIVOLATILES
~;;
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
#!
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62 .
63.
64 .
65.
66.
67.
@';
69.
70.
71.
72.
73. jf
75.
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
83.
84.
85.
86.
87.
88.
89.
90.
91.
92.
93.
@
95 .
96.
97.
iiiiJ!.il¥ilY!if . . . . . . . . . . . . rn
Phenol
bis-{2.(,fl!omethyl) ether .
2-Chlomphmol .
2-Methylphcnol
2,2'-oxyhis
10
10
10
10
_{ 1-Chloropr_o~c) I 0
4~~PMMfuL ......... -. N
4-Methylpheno\ l 0
N-Nitroso-di-n-propyL'lllline l 0
Hexacltloructhanc . I 0
Nitrobcnzenc
lsophorone ..
2-N itrophenol .
2,4-Dimethylphenol
bis-{2-Chloruethoxy) methane .
2,4-Dichlorophenol .
Naphthalene
4-(..nloroaniline .
Hexachlorobutadienc
b@h®~············· 4-Chlom-3-methylphenol
2-Methylnaphthnlene
Hcxachlorocydopent.1diene .
JO
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10 @
10
10
10
2,4,6-Tridilorophcm1l. 10
. M-i?-~Iti~-~-l~hcnol . 25
IPHijlP.b.~-~Y!. ------------fo
2-Chlomnaphthalt.-ne. l 0
2-Nitroanilinc . 25
Dimethylphthalatc
2,6-Diniu-otolue:ne .
Accnaphthylcne
3-Nitroanilinc
Acenaphthene .
2,4-Dinitrophcnol .
4-Nitrophcnol
Dibcnzofuran .
2,4-Dinitrotoluenc.
Diethylphthalate .
Fluorcn.e
IO
10
10
25
IO
25
25
10
10
10
10
10
25
25
10
4-Chloruphcnyl-phenyl etl1er .
4-Nitroaniline .
4,6--Dinitro-2-methylphcnol .
N-Nitrosodiphenyfamine.
4-Brumophenyl-phenyl ether . l 0
Hexachlombcnzmc . . . . . . . . . l 0 /4i\¾l,¥ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii
Pentachlorophcnol
Phcnanthrene
Anthrac.ene ..
25
10
10
.... 3~
.... 330
.... 330
. 330
.... 330
.))Q .... ,,w
. ... 330
. 330
.... 330
.... 330
.... 330
.... 330
.... 330
.... 330
. ... 330
.... 330
. ... 330
IW .... ;;m
.... 330
.... 330
. 330
. ... 330
.... -~}.9 . .... ~~
... 330
830
.. 330
.... 330
... 330
... 830
. ... 330
.... 830
.... 830
.... 330
. ... 330
. ... 330
. 330
. ... 330
. ... 830
. .. 830
. ... 330
.... 330
. 330
----~-... 830
.... 330
.... 330
Quanlitation Limits
Low
Water Soil
'··-'I) ,,,-""-'
98. Caibazole 10
99. Di-n-butylphthalatc. 10
100. Fluornnthene . 10
!Ol. ['yrene 10
l 02. Butylbenzylphthalatc I 0
103. 3,3'-Dichlorohcnzidinc 10
104. Benz.o(a)anthrna:nc 10
105. Clnysenc !O
I 06. bis-{2-Ethylhcxyl) phthalate I 0
I 07. Di-n-octylphthalatc . l 0
108. Benro(b)!luornnthcne . l0
109. Benw(k)fiuoranthene . 10
llO. Benz.o(a~1yre11e 10
lll. lndeno(l,2,3-c.d)pyrene 10
112. Dibenz.o(a,h)anthracene 10
113. Ben7.0(g,h,i)pcrylene. JO
PESTICIDES/AROCLORS
(PESTICIDES/PCR,;) Water
(µg/L)
114. alpha-BI·IC .... 0.05
I 15. lx:ta-BHC ........ O.OS
116. della-BHC ....... 0.05
117. gamma-BHC(Lind111e) .. 0.05
118. I lq1tachlor . . .... 0.05
119. Aldrin. . ... 0.05
120. llept.'U:hlorepoxide ...... 0.05
121. Endosulfanl ............ 0.05
I 22. Dieldrin ....... 0.10
123. 4,4'-DDE ...... 0.10
124. Endrin . . . . . 0.10
125. Endosulfan II ... 0.10
126. 4,4'-DDD .......... 0.10
127. Endosulfan~lfute ........ 0.10
128. 4,4'-DDT .............. 0.10
129. Methoxychlor ........... 0.50
130. Endrinketone ........... 0.10
13 I. Endrin aldehyde ......... 0. IO
132. alpha-Chlordm1c ......... 0.05
133. gamma-Chlord.111e .... 0.05
134. Toxaphe:ne . 5.0
135. Amclor-1016 1.0
136. Aroclor-1221 2.0
137. Aroclor-1232 1.0
138. Aroclnr-1242 . 1.0
139. Aroclor-1248 . 1.0
140. Aroclor-1254 . 1.0
141. Aroclor-1260 . 1.0
330
330
330
330
330
330
330
330
330
330
330
330
330
330
330
330
Soil
(µg/Kg)
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.7
.. 33
.... 33
. 33
.... 33
· .... 33
.... 33
.... 33
17
. 33
.... 33
1.7
1.7
170
33
67
33
33
3]
33
33
"' For volatiles, quantilation limits for moiium soils are approximately 120 times the quantit.1tion limits for low soils. For semi volatile medium soils, quanliL1.tion limits arc
ap1m1xim.1tely 30 times thcquantit.ation limits for low soils.
""" 1,2-Dichloroethcne (tot.1I) has bcat c:h.111gcd to cis-1,2-Dichlorocthene and tram-1,2-Dichlorocthenc.
Corrn1011nds that have bc:c::n added or moved in the SOW are shaded
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United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of
Solid Waste and
Emergency Response
Publication 9240.0-09-FSD
February 2000
&EPA Multi-Media, Multi-Concentration,
Inorganic Analytical Service for
Superfund (ILM04.1) *
Office of Etrn.:rgcncy and Remedial Response
Anal ical O erations/Data ualit Center 5204G) uick Reference Fact Sheet
Under the legislative authority granted to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) under the Comprehensive
Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA) and the Superfund Amendments and
Reauthorization Act of 1986 (SARA), EPA develops standardized analytical methods for the measurement of various
pollutants in environmental samples from kno\vn or suspected hazardous WdStc sites. Among the pollutants that are of concern
to EPA at such sites arc a series of inorganic analytcs and cyanide that are analyzed using inductively coupled plasma (ICP),
atomic absorption (AA), and colorimetric techniques. The Analytical Operations/Data Quality Center (AOC) of the Office
ofErncrgcricy and Remedial Response (OERR) offers m1 analytical service that provides dat.a from the analysis of water and
soil/sediment samples for inorgm1ic analytes for use in the Supcrfund decision-making process. Through a series of
standardized procedures and a strict chain-of-custody, the inorganic analytical service produces data ofknown and documented
quality. 'Ibis service is available through the Supcrfund Contract Lalx>ratory Program (CLP).
DESCRIPTION OF SERVICES
The inorganic analytical service provides a technical and
contrm,,tual framework for lalx>ratorics to utilize EP NCLJ>
analytical methods. 'Ibese methods arc used in the
preparation, detection, and quantitative measurement of
cyJI1ide m1d 23 inorganic target analytes in lx>th water and
soil/sediment environmental samples. 'lbe CLP provides
the methods to be used and the specific technical,
reporting, and contra<..tual requirements, including quality
assurance, quality control, and standard operating
procedures, by which EPA evaluates the data. This
service uses IC!', AA, and colorimetric methods tuanaly1:e
the inorganic target analytcs an<l cyanide. Three data
delivcryturnaroumls arc available to CLP customers: 7,
14, and 21-<lay turnaround after receipt of the last s.unple
in the set. ln addition, a 72-hour preliminary dat.a
submission option also is available for all turnaround
times.
DATAlJSES
This analytical service provides data that EPA uses for a
variety of purposes. Examples include determining the
nature and extent of contamination at a hazardous waste
site, assessing priorities for response based on risks to
human health and the environment, detcnnining
appropriate cleanup actions, and determining when
remedia1 a<..1ions are complete. The dat.a may be used in
all stages in the investigation of a hazardous waste site
including site inspections, Hazard Ranking System
scoring, remedial investigations/feasibility studies,
remedial design, treat.ability studies, and removal a<..iions.
In addition, this service provides data that are available for
use in Supcrfund enforcement/litigation activities.
TARGET ANAL YTES
The analytcs and detection limits for which this service is
applicable arc listed in Table l. The list of target analytes
for this service WaS originally derived from the EPA
Priority Pollutant List of I 29 compounds. In the years
since the inception of the CLP, analytes have been added
to and deleted from the Target Analyte List, based on
advances in analytical methods, evaluation of method
perfonnancc data, and the nt .. -cds of the Supcrfund
program. Specific detc<..iion limits are highly matrix
dependent.
• ILM04.1 is an interim inorganic analytical service. further changes are expected to he released under ILM0S.0 for competition during calend,tr year
2000.
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Table I.
Target Analyte List and Contract Required
Detection Limits [CRDLs} [ILM04.1)
Abbreviation Analyte CRDL' (},,/L)
Al Aluminum 200
Sb Antimony 60
As Arsenic IO
Ba Barium 200
Be Beryllium 5
Cd Cadmium 5
Ca Calcium 5000
Cr Chromium 10
Co Cobalt 50
Cu Copper 25
Fe Iron l00
Pb Lead 3
Mg Magnesium 5000
Mn Manganese 15
Hg Mercury 0.2
Ni Nickel 40
K Potassium 5000
Sc Selenium 5
Ag Silver 10
Na Sodiwn 5000
Tl Thallium 10
V Vanadium 50
Zn Zinc 20
Cn Cyanide 10
Sample concentration exceeding five times the
detection limit of the instrwnent or method in use
may be reported even though the instrument or
method detection limit is greater than the CRDL.
This is illustrated in the following example:
For lead:
Method in use= ICP
lnstrwnent Detection Limit (IDL) = 40,
Sample Concentration = 220
CRDL= 3
1Thc CRDL is the instrument detection limit
obtained in pure water.
2
METHODS AND INSTRUMENTATION
When storing samples, the use of a cooler temp;raturc
indicator bottle and the cooler temperature must be
reported on Form DC-I and in the Sample Delivery
Group (SDG) Narrative. When applying AA methods,
the Contrac.1or may analyze the sample at a dilution so
long as the raw concentration or absorbcnce of the diluted
san1ple falls within the upper halfofthe calibration range.
For ICP, an undiluted analySis of the sample is required.
If an insufficient sample amount (less than 90% of the
required amount) is received to perform the analyses, the
Contractor must contact the Sample Management Office
(SMO) to report the problem. The same is required for
multi-phase samples (e.g., two-phase liquid sample and
oily sludge/sandy soil sample).
Table 2 summarizes the methods and instruments used in
this analytical service.
DATA DELIVERABLES
Data deliverables for this service include both hardcopy/
electronic data reporting fonns and supporting raw data.
lbclaboratorymust submit data to EPA within 7, 14, 21-
days, or preliminary data must be submitted within 72
hours after laboratory receipt of each sample in the set.
EPA then processes the data through an automated Data
Assessment Tool (DAT). DAT is a complete CLP data
assessment package. DAT incorporates Contract Com-
pliance Screening (CCS) and Computer-Aided Data
Review and Evaluation (CADRE) to provide El' A
Regions with PC-compatible reports, spreadsheets, and
electronic files. These files can be provided to the Regions
within 24 to 48 hours from the receipt of the data and can
be used as a tool during the data validation process at the
Region. This automated tool facilitates the transfer of
analytical data into Regional databases. In addition to the
Regional electronic reports, the CLP laboratories are
provided with a data assessment report that documents the
instances of noncompliance. "Inc laboratory has 4 da)S to
reconcile defective data and resubmit the data to EPA.
EPA then reviews the data for noncompliance and sends
a final <lat.a assessment report to the CLP laboratory and
the Region.
QUALITY ASSURANCE
The quality assurance (QA) process consists of
management review and oversight at the planning,
implementation, and completion stages of the
environment.al data collection activity. This process
ensures that the data provided arc of the quality required
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Table 2. Methods and Instruments
I Analytc instrument Method
I
Al, Sb, As, Ba, Be, Cd, Ca, Cr, Co, Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) Acid digestion followed by ICP
Cu, Fe, Pb, Mg, Mn, Ni, K, Se, Ag, analysis
Na, Tl, V, Zn
As, Pb, Tl, Se Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Acid digestion followed by GFAA
(GFAA) analysis
Ca, Mg, Na, K flame Atomic Absorption (FAA) Acid digestion followed by FAA
analysis
Hg Cold Vapor Atomic Absorption Acid and permanganate oxidation
(CVAA) followcxl by CY AA analysis
D CN Manual and Semi-automated Distillation followed by colorimetric
Colorimetric analysis
Table 3. Quality Control
OCO=ration FrcQucncv
lnstrwncnt Calibration Dailv or each time instrument is set up
Initial Calibration Verification Followinl! each instrument calibration
I Initial Calibration Blank Followim.! each instrument calibration
Continuing Calibration Every 10 analytical smnplcs or every 2 hours during a run and at the OCginning and
Verification end of each run
I Continuing Calibration Blank Every 10 analytical samples or every 2 hours during a run and at the beginning and
end of each run
lnterfurcncc Check Samolc Everv 20 analvtical sarnoles and at the bc<•inninv mid end of each run
I CRDL Stmdard for ICP Everv 20 analvt;cal sarnolcs ,md at the bcoinnino and end of each run
CRDL Standard for AA At the bc,,;nning of each AA ,malvt;cal run
Serial Dilution for ICP For each matrix type and concentration level for each SDG
I Prcnaration Blank For each samnlc preparation, analysis, and matrix ""f batch ofnrenared samo\es
Laborntorv Control Samnlc For each samnlc orcoaration and analvsis nroccdurc for each batch
I Matrix Soike Sanmle Analvsis For each matrix h.rnP concentration level, and method for each SDG
Duolieate Samolc Analwis For each matrix tvne, concentration level, and method for each SDG
Post Digestion Soike Each time matrix soikc recovcrv is outside nc limits
I Analvtical Soike For each analvtical sarnole analvze<l bv furnace AA
Method of Standard Addition When the analvtical soike recoverv is outside nc limits
I Instrument Detection Limit Quarterly
Determination
lnterelement Corrections Annuallv for ICP instruments onlv
I Linear Ram•e Analvsis ; Ouartcrlv for ICP instruments onlv
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During the data collection effort, QA activities ensure that
the quality control (QC) sysicm is functioning effectively
and that the deficiencies uncovered by the QC S)Stem arc
corrected. After environmental data are collected, QA
activities focus on assessing the quality of data to
determine its suitability to support enforcement or
remedial decisions. Each contract laboratory prepares a
quality assurance plan (QAP) with the objective of
providing sound analytical chemical measurements. The
QAP must specify the policies, organizatioo, objectives,
funciional guidelines, and QN QC activities designed to
achieve the data quality requirements for this analytical
service.
QUALITY CONTROL
The QC process includes those activities required during
analytical data collcc.,1ion to prcxlucc data of known and
documented quality. The analytical data acquired from
QC procedures are used to estimate and evaluate the
analytical results and to determine the necessity for, or the
effect of, correL1i ve a(.tion procedures. The QC procedures
required for this analytical service are shown in Table 3.
4
PERFORMANCE MONITORING ACTIVITIES
Laboratoryperfurmance monitoring activities are provided
primarily by AOC and the Regions to ensure that contract
laboratories are producing <lat.a of the appropriate quality.
EPA performs on-site laboratory audits, data package
audits, and evaluates laboratory performance through the
use of blind performance evaluation samples.
For more information, or for suggestions to improve this
analytical service, please contact:
Tany.i Mitchell
Inorganic Program Manager
EPNAOC
Ariel Rios Building (5204G)
1200 PennSyivania Avenue, N.W.
Washin!,~On, DC 20460
703-603-8872
FAX: [phone]
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MEMO
TO:
FROM
DATE
SUBJECT
File
Jeanette Stanley
Environmental Chemist
NC Superfund Section
July 5, 2000
Reasor Chemical
NCD 986 187 094
Castle Hayne, New Hanover Co , NC
Reasor Chemical Co.
NCD 986 187 094
Castle Hayne, New Hanover County, NC
Ref. 9
J~
Today, I visited the Natural Heritage office of the NC Division of Parks & Recreation on
the 7th floor of the Archdale Bldg. In Raleigh, NC
I viewed the USGS topographic maps indicating species, habitats, and areas of concern
along the surface water pathway leading from the site. I also viewed siting information to
determine the date of the closest sitings.
The Dionaea M11scip11/a, Venus flytrap, an NC Candidate species of special concern and a
Federal Species of Concern was sited in the surface water pathway leading from the site, just
upgradient from Rt. 132 in 1966. A return visit in 1989 did not result in again finding the species
present.
The Platanthera Nivea, Snowy orchid, an NC Threatened (no federal status), was sited in
a nearby location along the surface water pathway, just ups'tream of Rt. 132. This species was
also reported in 1966, but an 1989 return visit did not indicate that this species was present.
The Alligmor Mississippiensis, American Alligator was sited in I 979 in Prince George
Creek, just below the point where Prince George Creek enters the "Northeast Cape Fear River
Flood Plain". This is a Federally threatened species.
The "Northeast Cape Fear River Flood Plain" is a Significant Natural Heritage Area
containing "examples of natural communities, rare plant or animal populations, or geologic
features that are among the highest quality or best of their kind in the nation, or clusters of such
elements that are among the best in the nal!on." This nationally significant natural area is owned
by private owners, and is partly a registered Natural Heritage Area.
The surfac·e water pathway enters this nationally significant natural area about 2.5 miles
below the PPE, and the remainder of the surface water pathway borders this flood plain on both
sides of Prince George Creek and the Northeast Cape Fear River.
Hence, the entire surface water pathway from 2.5 miles below the PPE to the end of the
surface water pathway has an assigned sensitive environments rating value of 75, as a "Habitat
known to be used by Federal designated or proposed endangered or threatened species" (Ref. 1,
Table 4-23) Q
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u ~um•_?-1-i~··---r-·nu..&.d....r.od.•---
•'J !10 !11 ~; !>) !>• .").") .")6 .")r ~-':' 1,0 61 G2 g] UC &£ 6' Y go;
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\;:-c,c:1.,1 o~cu,,.,.,l~ :ltll•u~o,..
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: ~ • !I i ~ II 9 10 II rz I] 1• l!I 16 II Tl! 11 ;('Ill 2]]) <• ?."l 26 2T 211 <''J )() )I -~ n H -~ J6 Jl )8 Jg •o 41 ., •l .... ~ q ., •9 4'} !10 !\I !12 ~d ~>\ !l!I !lg ':'er~ !11 60 61 [( !) (.• e (,#, fi1 M 69 to 1l 72 73 74 1' ~, 17 ta 79 IIO
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CARD 10 '"""g::B' ,::" BOUNDARIES
o
NAME OF NANAGEO AREA
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IllIDI!I[Il JJTITLLJJJJillj_JIJIIJJJ __ ~
Pf10TECTION Sf/,,TUS 5 P[Cl-'l STATUS
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Vf.RIFICA.Tl0'1 or OAl A.·
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PHOTOS SURVEY 1 N FOR U A TIOH REFE11ENCCS £ ltM[Nl COOR')INA.1 ES
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NORTH CAROLINA
NA TUR'-\.L HERITAGE PROGRAJ\1
BIENNIAL PROTECTION PLAN
List of Significant Natural Heritage Areas
1999
Division of Parks and Recreation
Department of Environment
and Natural Resources
6)
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SIGNIFICANT NATURAL HERITAGE AREAS
January 1999
Introduction
The North Carolina Natural Heritage Program compiles the N.C. Department ofEn,·ironment and Natural
Resources' list of"Significant Natural Heritage Areas" (SNHA) as required by the Nature Preserves Act (NCGS
Chapter! 13A-!64 of Article 9A). The list is based.on the program's inventory of the natural diversity in the
state. SNHA are evaluated on the basis of the occurrences of rare plant and animal species, rare or high qualiry
natural communities and special animal habitats. The global and statewide rariry of these elements and the
quality of their occurrence at a natural area relative to other occurrences determine its significance rating.
SNHAs included on this list are the best kno,m representatives of the natural diversity of the state and therefore
have priority for protection. Inclusion on this list does not mean that public access exists or is appropriate.
Permission of the land owner is recommended in all cases. Inclusion on this list does not confer protection to a
natural area, nor does it give it regulatory status. The list includes both protected and unprotected areas. This list
of natural areas and their significance ratings are based on the best available information as derived from the
Natural Heritage Program staff and databases. More information on these natural areas may be obtained from
the Natural Heritage Program.
Organization of the List
Natural Areas
The following list of 1497 of North Carolina's of North Carolina's most significant natural areas is organized by
county, and within each county the natural areas are ordered by ratings of national, statewide, or regional (greater
than local) significance. This list does not include natural areas considered to be of local importance.
Natural Area Significance /Sig)
A -Nationally significant natural areas contain examples of natural communities, rare plant or animal
populations, or geologic features that are among the highest quality or best of their kind in the nation, or
clusters of such elements that are among the best in the nation.
B-Statewide significant natural areas contain similar ecological resources that are among the highest qualiry
occurrences in North Carolina. There may be better quality representations or larger populations
elsewhere in the nation, including possibly a few within the state.
C -Regionally significant natural areas contain natural elements that may be represented elsewhere in the
state by bener quaiiry examples, but which are among the outstanding examples in their geographic
region of the state. A few better examples may occur in nationally or state significant sites.
Organization of List
Frequently, related natural areas occur in clusters. The occurrence of a natural area in association with others
increases its long-term viabiliry and ecological significance. Such clusters are designated as macrosites and may
range in size from 500 acres to 64,000 acres or more. Macrosites contain lands which normally would not be
included in a natural area but which are important for consolidating the cluster. Where one or more macrosites
fall within a region, a megasite is designated. l\facrosite and megasite designations reflect ecological
relationships rather than ownership.
Often natural areas do not occur in clusters. These are referred to as single or "stand alone" sites. The size of
these natural areas varies from one to a several thousand acres. The avast majoriry of the lands within a site is of
natural area qualiry though dlrt roads or small areas of converted or developed land may be imbedded. State
Parks, Game Lands, or other large areas managed for conservation by a single agency may be identified in this
list as a single SNHA.
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SNHAs which occur within macrosites or megasites are grouped in this list under the name and priori":; rank of
the larger natural area. The nesting of a site is indicated in this list by symbols. These symbols are:
> A "stand-alone" site (i.e., a site or macrosite that is not nested within another site).
A macrosite nested within a megasite.
A standard site nested within a larger site nested only in a macrosite or megasite.
=> A standard site nested within a macrosite that is nested within a megasite.
Sizes of natural areas differ greatly. A ;ite may be restricted to an isolated half-acre containing a remnant
population of an endangered species or other unique feature. In a few cases. a site may encompass thousands of
acres and support many exceptional natural resources and special-interest species, and is logically considered a
large composite natural area. Thus, the same priority category may include an area as small as a single rock
outcrop harboring an endangered species or as large as the Great Smoky Mountains National Park.
Quad
The name(s) of the USGS 7.5-minute quadrangle on which a natural area lies is given in the second column.
(Quads are not given for megasites and macrosites.)
Owner
The fourth column indicates ov:nership of the natural area. See the following Own Abbreviations.
Owner Abbreviations
Federal Agencies
CHER Cherokee Indian Reservation
COE Corps of Engineers
DOD Dept. of Defense
FWS US Fish and Wildlife Service
NPS National Park Service
USA Other federal lands
USFS US Forest Service
State Agencies
NC Dept. of Administration -Unallocated state lands
NCCM Division of Coastal Management
NCCUL Dept. of Cultural Resources
NCDA Dept. of Agriculture
NCDC Dept. of Corrections
NCDOT Dept. of Transportation
NCHR Dept. Human Resources
NCMF Division of Marine Fisheries
NCSF Division of Forest Resources
NCSP Division of Parks and Recreation
NCWRC Wildlife Resources Commission
NCZOO Zoological Park
PW Public Waters
Local Agencies
LOCAL A unit of local government
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CA TW Catawba College
CHC Chowan College
I DUKE Duke University
ECSU Elizabeth City State University
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ECU East Carolina University
NCSU North Carolina State University
RCC Rockingham Community College
UNCC University of North Carolina at Charlene
UNCCH University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
UNCW University of North Carolina at Wilmington
WCU Western Carolina University
WWC Warren Wilson College
Private
AUD
CLC
CMLC
CTNC
ERPA
FEL
HBF
LTCNC
NCBG
NCCF
NCCLT
NCFF
NCHS
NHC
NSL
PAC
PLC
PRY
SAHC
SALT
National Audubon Society
Catawba Lands Conservancv
Carolina Mountains Lands Conservancy
Conservation Trust for North Carolina
Eno River Preservation Association
Felburn Foundation
Highlands Biological Foundation
Land Trust for Central North Carolina
NC Botanical Garden Foundation
NC Coastal Federation
NC Coastal Land Trust
NC Forestry Foundation
NC Herpetological Society
New Hanover Conservancy
National Scout Lands
Pacelot Area Conservancy
Piedmont Land Conservancy
Private (corporate or indi,·idual)
Southern Appalachian Highlands Conservancy
Sandhills Area Land Trust I "nc
TNC
Triangle Land Conservancy
The Nature Conservancy
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Tk Co..-..s..r..,-...:.._~ .. "' F="v-.-.d_
Protection Comments
The fifth column provides some information on the current protection status of a natural area. Where
appropriate, comments about the status of the natural area or the protection needs are also given.
Protection Abbreviations
DNP
EAS
ESN
EWA
HQW
MAB
ORW
RHA
RNA
Dedicated Nature Preserve
Protected by consen,ation easement
National Estuarine Sanctuary
Established Wilderness Area
High Quality Water as designated by NC Division of Water Quality
UNESCO Man and the Biosphere Reserve
Outstanding Resource Water as designated by NC Division of Water Quality
Registered Natural Heritage Area
US Forest Service Research Natural Area
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Natural Area Name Sig O~ner Protection Co1TJTients
=>SUIFT CREEK
(VANCE/\,/ARREN/ FRANK:..! N/NASH/:::G:. ::o1o1.;:.:
ACUA i IC HABIT AT
>TURKEY CREEK AQUATIC HABITAT
>TURKEY CREEK PRESERVE
8
>MOCCASIN CREEK AQUATIC HAB!TAT
NEW HANOVER COUNTY
A
>SOUTHEASTERN BRUNS'.JICK COUl,'T':' ~::.!.~'.7:.
=>LO'-JER CAPE FEAR RIVER .:..cu,;:;::-:.:.:::, .....
=>ZEKES ISLAND ESTUARINE SAl,'CiUA\~
>NORTHEAST CAPE FEAR RIVER FL:0:?1_..:.!h'
B
>421 SAND RIDGE
>BRUNSUICK RIVER/CAPE FEAR K:v::;; '-'.!.s.s:-::s
>CAROLINA BEACH STATE PARK
>FORT FISHER COOUINA OUTCRO?
: ; .:. <:
-.,·.: i A(S:~S
i-J..~TSEASE
ESSEX
"7 :..~3G~:J
:: :<S5Ci:W
; liGi..ES!OE
:;:L: SAl-,D
::i;;:;v: u.:
:.;.SiA'..IA
1,1:::::L:.s:x
57!..>iC'.I.S CHAPEL
'-'::JL:.sEx
11::::.:s:x
z:~:..::..:.li
5·!_1,:::..s CHAPEL
C!.\C:..: ..,;._ 3:ACH
:AS7:..E HAYNE
.·: :.1,1.; 'iGTQt,,
c;;:: 3:EACi-:
51,·;;-::ic.~T
:.:.:<"':' :ionn
57 A: ?AK'(
11.:0:::.:iO'.Jl-1
-:'__,!.J.;::
:;..57:_: iiAYNE
._-; '....W:! h:G70N
:AS7:..E !-iA Y.I.JE
A
A
A
B
A
a
B
A
B
B
B
B
>LOUER CAPE FEAR RIVER BIRD /.iEST:.,.:; :s;.A~:s c.;;_: SEACH B
>MASONBORO ISLAND
>MOTSU BUFFER ZONE
>SIDBURY ROAD SAVANNA
>UNC-UILMINGTON LONGLEAF Pit,,: FC~:S7
C
>FIGURE EIGHT ISLAND MARSH
>FORT FISHER STATE RECREATION ARE~
>HARRIS ROAD SAVANNA
>MOTTS CREEK NATURAL AREA
>SOUTH U!LMJNGTON SANDHILLS
:A..~OL ! ),IA s.:ACH
".~:.:.ETS'.'!LLE BEACH B
::~~J:.. ! >-:A BEACH
:~~::n. l NA BEACH
CJ~.: 3E.ACH
B
S:-:iiS Hill B
-.-~:Gr.TSVILLE BEACH B
s:-:-:-rs HILL C
:'\A.W.::>ST::AD
·.,:::;r.iSV!LLE BEACH
('J~E 3EACH C
s::iiS rl ! LL C
".'! LMI >-:GTON C
\.'!'...,,,;IJ\GTON C
38
PU
me
PRV
PU
PU
NCCM
PRV
NCURC
PRV
PRV
DOD
NCSP
PRV
NCMF
NCCUL
NC\.JRC
NC
NCCM
PRV
NCSP
DOD
PRV
LINC~
PRV
NHC
NCSP
PRV
PRV
LOCAL
DNP
RHA ON POUERLI NE
DNP
PART RHA
NEU TRACT PURCHASED
LEASED TO NCSP, RHA
RHA
RHA
RHA
PART RHA
DNP
PART RHA
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Reasor Chemical
NCO 986 187 094
Castle Hayne, New Hanover Co., NC
Ref. 10
See Figure l for this reference
Source: US Geological Survey, 7.5-minute orthophotograph, Castle Hayne, NC, 1980: and
topographic quadrangle maps: Rocky Point, NC, 1970, photorcvised 1988;
Moorctown, NC, 1970; Scott's Hill, NC, 1970.
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United States
Environmental Protection Agency
Solid Waste and Emergency Response EPA 540-F-94-028
OSWER 9285.7-14FS PB94-96331 l November 1996
oEPA Using Qualified Data to Document
an Observed Release and Observed
Contamination
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response (5204G) Quick Reference Fact Sheet
This fact sheet discusses the use of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Contract Laboratory Program (CLP) data and othet sources of data qualified with a "J", "U", or "UJ" qualifiet or flag. This guidance provides a managetn.-nt decision tool for the optional use of qualified data to document an observed release and observed contamination by chemical analysis undet EPA's Hazard Ranking System (HRS). The analyte and sample matrix (i.e., soil or water) specific adjus=t factors given in this fact sheet allow biased CLP and non-CLP data to be adjusted to meet the HRS criteria for documenting an observed release and observed contamination with data that are of known and documented quality. This fact sheet does not address using qualified data for identifying haz.ardous substances in a source.
INTRODUCTION
The EPA established the HRS to rank haz.ardous waste
sites for National Priorities List (NPL) purposes under
the Comprehensive Environmental Response,
Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCU1.) as
amended by the_ Superfund Amendm:nts and
Reauthorization Act of ! 986 (SARA). This iact sheet
was developed in response to a need to determine the
usability of qualified data for site assessment and HRS
scoring purposes. This fact sheet illustra1es that qualified
data are often of sufficiently known and documented
quality, and may be used in establishing an observed
release and observed contamination. This fact sheet
e"Plains the rationale for why some qualified data may
be used for HRS purposes; presents the background
information needed to use qualified dar.2 v.ith and
without adjustment fa=to:s: provides examples of
qualified data use; and di.s-."USseS issues raised dwing the
development of the adjustm..."111 facror approa=h.
Under the HRS, chemical analytical data = often used
to demonsL-ar.e an observed reiease and obsen·ed
comamina.tion when the release sample concentration is
three times the bacKground concentration and
background levels are grearer than or equal ro the
appropriate detection limit; or if the release sample
concentration is greater than or equal to. the appropriate
quanritarion limit when background levels are below the
appropriate detection limit. The release must also be at
least panially attributable io the site under investigation
(Hazard Ranking System, Final Ri,1e, 40 CFR Pan 300,
App. A). The data used tc> ~lish the release must be
of known and documented quality. (Hazard Ranking
Sysrem Guidance Manual., Interim Final, November
1992, OSWER Directive 9345.1--07). Data that cannot
be validated may not be of known and documented
quality. For more information on observed release and
observed contamination, refer to the fact sheets:
Esrablishing an Observed Release, September !995,
PB94-963314; Establishing Areas of Observed
Con1amination, September 1995, PB94-963312; and
Establishing Background levels, S..-ptember 1995, PB94-
9633!3. The factor of three represents the minimum
diffetence in sample results that demonstrate an increase
in contaminant conc_--ntration aboVe background levels.
with reasonable confidence.
A..lthough much of rhe analytical dara used for identiiying
an observed release is generated under EPA's CLP, this
fact sheet applies ro all data regard.Jess of the source of
the data (non-CLP data). EPA proced= require ti:tat
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CLP analytical dara be reviewed, or validared by EPA or
third pany reviewer,, to ensure the dara are of known
and docurrn:nted quality ~d that the determination be
discussed in a dara validation report that accompanies the
analytical results. Based on this dara validation, CLP
dara are classified into three calegories: (I) dara for
which all quality conrrol (QC) requirem.,-nts have passed
conrract-required a=ptance criteria; (2) dara for which
at least one QC requirement bas not met acceptance
criteria; and (3) dara for which most or all QC
requirements have nor met acc...--ptance criteria. Dar.a in
the Mt caregory typically are not qualified. Data in the
second caregory are often qualified with a "J" qualifier
and, as discussed in this fact sheet, are usually usable for
HRS purposes. Data in the third caregory are usually
qualified by an "R" qualifier and are not usable for HRS
purposes.
Whether dara are placed into the second or third
caregory is determined by the amount of bias associated
with the analytical results. Data validation evaluates
biases resulting from laborarory analytical deficiencies or
sample marrices to determine whether the dara are
usable. Bias indicares that the reported concentration is
either higher or lower than the true concentration, and
the dara validation report identifies the direction of the
bias or if the bias is unknown.
The EPA CLP also sets minimum quantitation limits for
all analytes; the Conrract Required Quantitation Limit
(CRQL) for organic analytes and the Contract Required
Detection Limit (CRDL) for inorganic analytes. For
HRS purposes and for this fact sheet, the term CRQL
refer, to both the conrract required quamitation limit and
the conrract required detection limit. (40 CFR Part 300,
App. A). The CRQL.s are substance specific levels that
a CLP labotarory must be able to routinely and reliably
detect in specific sample marrices (i.e., soil. Water,
sediment). Toe CRQL.s are usually set above most
instrument detection limits (IDL.s) and method detection
limits (MDL.s).
CONSIDERli.TIONS FOR NON-CLP DATA
Because various laboratories and analytical methods may
be used 10 develop non-CLP dar.a.. the following list
provides the general information sufficient for
dererrnining whether non-CLP data are usable for HRS
purposes.
2
(I) Identification of the method used for analysis.
Methods include RCRA methods, SW-846, EPA
methods, etc.
(2) Quality conrrol (QC) dara. Check each method of
analysis to determine if specific QC requirements
are defined. If not, seek out another method.
(3) lnstrument-generared dara sheets for sample results.
These dara sheets would be the equivalent of Form
I's in CLP dara.
(4) MDL.sand sample quantitation limits (SQL.s). The
analytical method should provide the MDL. Tne
SQL is an adjusted MDL using sample specific
measurements such as perc.em moisture and
weight.
(5) Data validation report.
USE OF BIASED QUALIFIED DATA
In the past, all qualified dara have been inappropriately
perceived by come pecple as dara of low confidence or
poor quality and have not been used for HRS evaluation.
With careful assessment of the nanrre of the analytical
biases or QC deficiencies in the dara on a case-by--case
basis, qualified dara can represent an additional resource
of dara for establishing an observed release. Further, the
D.C. Discrict Court of Appeals in 19% upheld EPA's
case-by--case approach to assess dara quality. In
reviewing the use of qualified dara to identify an
observed release, the Court stated tbal _if there are
deficiencies in the dara, " ... the appropriate response is
to review the deficiencies on a 'case-by-case basis' to
determine their. impact on 'usability of the data.'• The
Court also stated with regards to data quality that,
" ... EPA does not face a standard of absolure
perfecrion .... Rarher, it is statutorily required to 'assure,
to the maximum extent feasible,' tbal it . 'accurately
assesses the relative degree of risk' posed by sites"
[Board of Regenrs of the University of Washington. er
al., v. EPA, No. 95-1324, slip op. al 8-10 (D.C. Cir.
June 25, 1996).]
As discussed in this fact sheet, the application of
adjustment factors to "J" qualified dara can serve as a
managem-"'Ilt decision tool to .. adjust," or take into
account, the analytical uncertainty in the dara indicared
by the qualifier, thereby making qualified dara usable for
HRS evaluation. The use of adjusrm..-nt factors· to
account for the larger unc..•i-.ainty in "J" qualified data is
a conservative approach enabling a quantitative
comparison of the dara for use in documenting an
observed release. It should be noted tbal the use of
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adjusnnent factors only addresses analytical variability
and does not take into account variabilities which may be
introduced during field sampling. Some guidelines for
using the adjusnnent factor approach are discussed in
Exhibit I.
CLP QA/QC PROCEDURES
CLP qualifiers are applied to analytical da!a based on the
results of various Quality Assurance/Quality Control
(QA/QC) procedures used at the laboratory. EPA
analytical methods use a number of QNQC mechanisms
during sample analysis in order to assess qualil2tive and
quantitative accuracy (Comract labormory Program
Srmemem of Work for Irwrganic Analyses, Document
No. ILM02.0; Contract i.LJ.bormory Program StmemenJ
of Work for Organic Analyses. Doc:ument No. OlM!.8;
Quality Assurance/Quality Control Samples,
Environmental Response Team Quality Assurance
Technical Information Bulletin; Test Methods for
Evaluming Solid Waste (SW-846): Physical and
Chemical Metlwds, Doc:ument No. SW-846). To assess
da!a quality, the laboratory uses matrix spikes, matrix
spike duplicates, laboratory control samples, surrogates,
blanks, laboratory duplicates, and quarterly blind
performance evaluation (PE) samples. The Ageocy
assumes that if biases are found in the QNQC samples,
the field sample concentrations may also be biased.
Strrrogates are chemically similar to the analyres of
interest. They are added or "spiked" at a known
concentration into the field samples before analysis.
Also, selected target analyres are "spiked" into samples
at a specified frequency to assess potential interferences
from the sample matrix. Th= samples are called
matrix spikes. Comparison of the known concemration
of the surrogates and matrix spikes with their actUal
analytical results reflects the analytical ·accuracy.
Because the surrogates are expected to behave similarly
to the target analyres, they may indicate bias caused by
interferences from the sample matrices. These types of
interferences from the sample matrix are known as matrix effects (CLP NOiional Functional Guidelines for
Irwrganic Dma Review, Publication 9240.1--05--01; CLP NOiional Functional Guidelines for Organic Dma
Review, Publication 9240.1--05; Test Methods for
Evaluming Solid Waste (SW-846): Physical and
Chemical Metlwds, Doc:ument No. SW-846).
Laboratory control samples are zero blind samples which
contain known concemra.r.ions of ~i.fic analytes and are
3
analyzed in the same batch as field samples. Their
results are used to measure laboratory accuracy. Blanks
are analyzed to detect any extraneous comamination
introduced either in the field or in the laboratory.
Laboratory duplicates are created when one sample
undergoes two separate analyses. The duplicate results
are compared to determine laboratory precision.
Quanerly blind PE samples are single blind samples that
evaluate the laboratory's capability of performing the
specified analytical protocol.
CLP and other EPA analytical methods include
specifications for acceptable analyte identification, target
analytes, and minimum and maximum percent recovery
of the QNQC compounds. Data are validated =rding
to guidelines which set performance criteria for
instrUment calibration, analyte identification, and
identification and recovery of QNQC compounds (CLP
StmemenJ of Work and SW-846). The NOiional
Functional Guidelines for Dma Review, used in EPA
validation, was designed for the assessment of da!a
generated under the CLP organic and inorganic
analytical protocols ( CLP Stmement of Work; NOiional
Functional Guidelines for Dma Review). The guidelines
do not preclude the validation of field and other non-
CLP data. Thus, many EPA Regions have also adapted
the NOiional Functional Guidelines for Data Review to
validate non-CLP da!a. Data which do not meet the
guidelines' performance criteria are qualified to indicate
bias or QA/QC deficiencies. The data validation repon
usu.ally explains why the da!a were qualified and
indicates the bias direction when it can be determined.
Validated da!a that are not qualified are considered
unbiased and can be used at their reponed numerical
value for HRS evaluation.
QUALIFIER DEF1NTTIONS
Most EPA validation guidelines use the da!a qualifiers
presented in Exhibit 2 (CLP National Functional
Guidelines for Dma Review). Other qualifiers besides
th= may be used; the validation repon should always re checked for the exact list of qualifiers and their
m:anings.
It should be emphasized that not meeting one or some of
the contract required QNQC acreptance criteria is often
an indication that the sample was difficult to analyze, not
that there is low confidence in the analysis (i.e., the
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EXHIBIT 1
GUIDELINES FDR THE USE OF ADJUSTMENT FACTORS
.
• The use of adjustment factors identified in this fact sheet is a management tool for the optional use of "J"
qualified data generated under CLP or other sources of data to document an observed release.
• Adjusted qualified data should be used with non-<JUa]ified data whenever possible .
• EPA maintains a "'worst sites first." policy for placing sites on the NPL (Additional Guidance on "Worst
Sites" and "NPL Caliber Sites" to assist in SACM Implementarion, OSWER Directive 9320.2--07).
• EPA Regions should use adjustment factors with discretion on a case-by-<:aSe basis and should always
carefully consider the use of qualified data in borderline cases.
• Resarnpling and/or reanalysis may be warranted if qualified data do not appear adequate t0 docum.."Dt an
observed release.
• EPA Regions may substitute higher·adjusrrnent factors based on documented, justifiable reasons but may
never use a lower adjustment factor value.
• The adjustm.."Ilt factors should only be applied tO analytes listed in the tables. These adjusrrnent factors
should not be interpolated or exn-apolated to develop factors for analytes not listed in the tables.
• The adjustm.."Ilt factOrs apply only to "J" qualified data above the CRQL.
. . Detection below the CRQL is treated as non-quantifiable for HRS purposes .
• "UJ" data may be used under strict circumstances as explained in this fact sheet .
• The adjustm.."Dl factors only apply tO biased "J" qualified data, not to other "J" qualified data .
• The adjustm.."Dt factors do not apply tO "N", "NJ", or "R" qualified data. These data can not be used to
document an observed release for HRS purposes.
analysis is "under control" and can be adequate for HRS
decision making). Often "J", "U", and "UJ" qualified
data fall into this category.
levels. If the release sample concentration is above this .
level, as specified in the HRS, an observed release can
be established. The quantitarion limit for that analyte
could be used as a maximum background concentration
if a more conservative background level seems
appropriate.
There are instances when qualified data cannot be used
since the uncertainty of the results is unknown. For
example, violations of laboratory insmnnent cal!brarion
an.d tuning requirements, and gross violations of holding
times reflect the possibility thal the results are of
unknown quality (i.e., the analysis is "om of control").
Most often these data would be qualified with an "R" or
an "N" (not usable for HRS purposes).
USING "U" QUALIFIED DATA
The "U" qualifier simply nr...ans that the reported
conc.,-ntration of the analyte was at _or below the CRQL-
there can be confidence thar the rrue concentration is at
or below the quantitation limit. Therefore, "U"
qualined data can be used for establishing background
4
USING "J" QUALIFIED DATA
As discussed previously, some "J" qualified data can be
used in establishing an observed release if the uncerurinty
in the reponed values is documented. Qualified data
should always be carefully examined by the Regions to
determine the reasons for qualification before use in
HRS evaluation. Resampling and/or reanalysis may be
warranted if qualified data only marginally document an
observed release. Whenever possible, qualified data
should be used in conjunction with nOn-<Jualified data.
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-,_ As described ia Exhibit 2, "J" qualified data indicates
that bias has been detected in the sample analysis and
although the analyte is definitively present, the reported
concentration is an estimate. Depending on the reasons
and the direction of bias, with the use of adjustment
factors, "J" qualified data can represent data of known
and documented quality sufficient for use in esrablishing
an observed release and observed contamination under
the HRS.
USING "UJ" QUALIFIED DATA
A combination of the "U" and "J" qualifiers indicates
that the reported value may not accurately represent the
concentration n=sary to positively detect the analyte in
the sample. Under limited conditions, "UJ" qualified
data can be used to represent background concentrations
for esrablishiag an observed release. These conditions
are: instances when there is confidence that the
background conc.entration is not detectable above the
CRQL, the background concentration is biased high, and
the sample measurement esrablishiag the observed
release equals or exceeds the CRQL.
DIRECITON OF BIAS IN "J" QUALIFIED DATA
It is important to understand the direction of bias
associated with "J" qualified data before using the data
to document an observed release. Qualified data may
have high, low, or unknown bias. A low bias means
that the reported concentration is likely an underestimate
of the true concentration. For example, data may be
biased low when sample holding times for volatile
organic compounds (VOCs) are moderately exceeded or
when recovery of QNQC compounds is significantly
less than the amount introduced into the sample. Low
surrogate recovery would also indicate a low bias. A
high bias means the reported concentration is likely an
overestimate of the true concentration. For example,
data may be biased high when recovery of QNQC
compounds is significantly higher than the amount in the
sample. A bias is unknown when it is impossible to
ascerutin wherher the concentration is an overestimate or
an underestimate. For example, an unknown bias could
result when surrogare recoveries exceed method recovery
criteria and matrix spike/manix spike duplicate
compounds below method recovery criteria fail the
relative per=t difference (RPD) criteria in the same
sample.
Despite the bias, cenain qualified data may be used
withom applic.ation of adjusnnE:nt factors for determining
5
an observed release under cenain circumstances. The
following are examples of using "J" qualified data
without adjusttnent factors:
• Low bias release samples are likely to be
U!lderesti.mates of true concentrations. If the
reported concentration of a low bias release sample
is three times above unbiased background levels,
these release samples would still =t the HRS
criteria. Toe true concentrations would still be
three times above the background level.
• High bias background samples are likely to be
overestimares of true concenrrar.ions. If the
reported concentration of unbiased release samples
are three times above the reported background
concentration, they would still meet the HRS
observed release criteria because they would still
be three times above the true background
concentration.
The above examples show that both low bias "J"
qualified release samples at their reported concentrations
and high bias "J" qualified background samples may be
used at their reported concentrations in these sintations.
High bias release samples may not be used at their
reported concentrations be.cause they are an overestimate
of true concentrations in this situation: resampling and/or
re-analysis of the release samples should be considered.
The true difference · in the background and releas!:
concentrations may be less than the HRS criteria for
esrablisbing an observed release. The reported
concentration for low bias background concentrations
may not be compared to release samples because it is
most likely an underestimate of background level; the
release sample concentration may not significantly
exceed the true background conc.entration. However, in
lieu of re-sampling and/or re-analysis, high bias release
data and low bias background data may be used with
adjusnnent factors which compensate for the probable
uncenainty in the analyses.
ADJUSTMENT FACTORS FOR BL-\SED "J"
QUALIFIED DATA
Applying adjusnnent factors to "J" qualified data will
enable EPA to be more confident that the increase in
contaminant conc...""Iltrarions between the background and
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EXHIBIT 2
EPA CLP DATA QUALIFIERS AND THEIR USABILITY FOR DOCUMENTING AN OBSERVED RELEASE
I Usable I Not Usable
"U" The substance or analyte was analyzed for. but "N" The analysis indicaleS the presence of an analyte
no quantifiable concentration was found at or for which there is presumptive evidence to make
above the CRQL (CLP Nmionnl Functionnl a "tentative identification" (CLP Nmionnl
Guidelines for Doia Review). Funcrionnl Guidelines for Da1a Review).
"r The anal)1e was positively identified-the "R" The sample results are rejected due to serious
associated Dllill!:ricaJ value is the approximate deficiencies in the ability to analyze. the sample
concentr:ll.ion of the analyte in the sample. The and meet QC criteria. The pres...--nce or absence
"J" qualifier indicates that one or more QNQC of the analyte can not be verified and the result
requirements have not met contract required has been rejected. A sample result may be
acceptance criteria., but the instrumentation was qualified with an "R" qualifier when the
functioning properly during the analysis. For instrument did not remain "in control" or the
example, a "J" qualifier may indicate that the stability or s..."IJSitivity of the insnument were not
sample was difficult to analyze or that the value maintain"1 during the analysis (QP Nmionnl
may lay near the low end of the linear range of Functionnl Guidelines for Daia Review).
the instrument. "J" data are consicL-red biased,
but provide definitive analyte identification (CLP
Nmionnl Funaionnl Guidelines for D(IJa
Review).
"UJ" The analyte was not quantifiable at or above the "NJ" The analysis indicaleS the presence of the
CRQL. In addition to not being quantifiable, analyte that has been "tentatively identified" and
one or more QNQC requirements have not met the associa!ed numerical value represents its
contract acceptance criteria (CLP Nmionnl approximate concentration (CLP Nmionnl
Funaionnl Guidelines for D(IJa Review). Funcrionnl Guidelines for D(IJa Review).
• Usable under certain circumstances as explained in this fact sheet.
release samples is due to a release. The adjustment
factors are applied as "safety factors" to compensate for
analytical uncertainty, allowing biased data to be tJSed
for determining an observed release. Dividing the high
bias result by an adjustment factor deflates it from the
high end of the acceptable range towards a low bias
value. Multiplying a low bias concentration by an
adjustment factor inflates it to the high end of the
acceptable range.
Tables I through 4 (pages 11 -I 8) pres...-nt analyte and
matrix-specific adjustment factors to address the
analytical uncenainry when determining an observed
release using high bias release samples and low bias
background data. The factors are derived from pen:..."lll
recoveries of marrix spikes, surrogates, and laboratory
control samples in the CLP Analyti::al Results Database
6
(CARD) from Jauuary 1991 to March 1996. A total of
32,447 samples were reviewed for volatile organic
analytes; 32,913 samples for semivolatile organic
analytes; 59,508 samples for pesticides/PCB analytes;
and 5,954 samples for inorganic analytes.
The range of CARD data for each analyte includes 97
percent of all percent recoveries in the database,
discarding outliers. The adjustment factors are ratios of
percent recovery values at the 98.5 and 1.5 percentiles.
The ratios generally show a consistent pattern.
Adjus=m factors have been determined for all analytes
in the CLP Target Compound List (organic analytes) and
Target Analyte List (inorganic analytes). A tiered
approa:h was used to derive the organic adjllSIIIl.."'D.l
factors. Percent recoveries for surrogates were
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examined fin;t, followed by matrix spike recoveries.
When both IIllllrix spike and surrogau: data were
available for the same analyte, the larger adjustment
factor (representing more extreme high and low pe=t
recoveries) was used. Laboratory control samples were
used to calcula!e the inorganic adjustment factors.
Quanerly blind sample data were not used to determine
adjusnnem factors because of the small data set
available. A default adjustment factor of 10 was used
for arutlytes when pe=t recovery data were
unavailable.
Adjusunent factors do not correct the biased sample
concentration to its nue value, as such "'correction" is
not possible. CARD data do not differentiate and
quantify individual sources of variarion. lnstead, the
ratio of pen:enti]e used to develop adjustment factors
represents a "worst-case" scenario. Adjustment factors
either inflau: background values to the high end of the
range or deflau: release data to the low end. Therefore,
adjusunent factors compensa!e or adjust for the apparent
analytical variability when comparing a high bias value
to a low bias value (see Exhibit 3).
USING THE AUJUSI'MENT FACTORS
This section of the fact sheet demonstrates how
adjusnnent factors can be used with "J" qualified data
for HRS scoring purposes, including documentation and
detection limit issues.
Documentation Requirements· for Using Oualified Data
In using "J" qualified data to deiemrine an observed
release, include a discussion of "J" qualifiers from the
data validation report and cite it as a reference in the site
assessment repon or HRS doo1mentarirm record. If
adjusonent factors are applied to "J" qualified data,
reference and cite this fact sheet. These Steps will
ensure that the direction of bias is documented and will
demonstrate how biases have been adjusted.
Detection Limit Restrictions
Adjusunent factors may only be applied to "J" qualified
data with concentrations above the CLP CRQL for
organics or CRDL for inorganics. "J" qualified data
with concentrations below the CRQL can not be used to
document an observed release except as specified in the
previous section entitled "Using "UJ" Qualified Data."
Aoplicarion of Factors
Exhibit 3 shows bow to apply the factors to "J" qualified
data. Multiply low bias background sample results by
7
the arutlyte-specific adjustment factor or the default factor
of 10 when an analyte-specific adjustmem factor is not
available. The resulting new background value
effectively becomes a high bias value that may be used
to determine an observed release. Divide high bias
release sample data by the arutlyte-specific adjustmem
factor or the default factor of 10 when an analyte-
specific adjusunent factor is not available. The resulting
new release sample value effectively becomes a low bias
value that may be used to determine an observed release.
Note: High bias background data, low bias rel= data,
and unbiased data may be used at their reported
concentrations.
Note: Adjusted release and background values must still
meet HRS criteria (e.g., release concentration must be
at least three times above background level) to determine
an observed release.
Examples Using Trichloroethene in Soil and Water
I. Release WOJer sample is unbiased, background
wa1er sample is unbiased bur all daw are qualified
with a • J" due to an contraaual lahora1ory error
not analytical error.
Background sample value: 12 µg/L (J) ,w bias
Release sample value: 40 µg/L (J) ,w bias
The CRQL for trichloroethene is 10 µg!Kg for soil and
10 µg/L for Water.
In this example, the qualification of the data is not•
related to bias in the reported concentrations. Thus,
using adjustment factors is not needed and an obsei::ved
release is established if all other criteria are met.
2. Release sail sample da!a is biased low, background
soil sample da!a is biased high.
Background sample value: 12 µg!Kg (J) high bias
Release sample value: 40 µg!Kg (J) low bias
In this example, the ciir=ion of bias indicau:s that the
rrue release value may be higher and the rrue
background value may be lower than reported values.
The release sample concenrration still ex=ls
background by more than three times, so an observed
release is established, provided all other HRS criteria are
met. Using adjustment factors is not needed.
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EXHIBIT 3
USE OF ADJUSTMENT FACTORS FOR "J" QUALIFIED DATA
Type of Sample Type of Bias
Background No Bias
Sample Low Bias
High Bias
Unknown Bias
Release No Bias
Sample
Low Bias
High Bias
Unknown Bias
3. Release soil sample daia is unbiased, background
soil sample is biased low.
Background sample value: 12 µg/Kg (J) low bias
Release sample value: 30 µg/Kg nn bias
In this example, the rrue background value is assumed to
be less than the reported value; however, an obs,,"I"Ved
release may still be possible. To use the data to establish
an observed release, multiply the background sample
data value by the adjustment factor given for
trichloroethene in soil (2.11). No adjustment factor is
needed for the release sample.
New background sample value:
(12 µg/Kg) x (2.11) = 25.32 µg!Kg (]) high bias
The release sample concentration does not meet or
exceed the new background level by three times, so an
observed release is not established.
4. Release willer sample data is biased high,
background willer sample data is unhiased.
Background sample value: 15 µ.g/L nn bias
Release sample value: 70 µ.g/L (J) high bias
In this example, the rrue release value may be lower
than the reponed value; however, an observed release
may still be possible. To use the data to establish an
observed release, ilivide the release sample by the
adjustment factor for trichloroethene in war,:r (1.66).
Action Required
None: Use conc.entrarion without factor
Multiply concentration by factor
None: Use concentration v.rithout factor
Multiply concentration by factor
None: Use concentration without factor
None: Use concentration without factor
Divide concentration by factor
Divide concentration by factor
8
No adjustment factor is needed for the background
sample.
New release sample value:
(70 µg/L) + (1.66) = 42.17 µ.g/L (J) ww bias
Toe new release sample concentration does not meet or
exceed the background level by three times, so an
observed release is not established.
5. Release soil sample data has unkrwwn bias;
background soil sample data has unlawwn bias.
The following example is the most conservative
approach to using adjustment factors with qualified data.
Background sample value:
Release sample value:
20 µg/Kg (]) unkrwwn bias
325 µ.g/Kg (J) unkrwwn bias
In this example, ·it is not possible to determine from the
reported values if an observed release is possible. To
use the data to establish an observed release, divide the
release sample value and multiply the background
sample value by the adjusnnent factor given for
trichloroethene in soil (2 .11).
New release sample value:
(325 µ.g!Kg) + (2.11) = 154.03 µ.g!Kg (]) low bias
New background sample value:
(20 µ.g/Kg) x (2.11) = 42.2 µ.g!Kg (]) high bias
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The new rele,ise sample is at le,ist three times the new
background concentration, so an observed release is
established, provided all o.ther HRS criteria are met.
ISSUES WITH USING ADJUSI'MENT FACTOR
APPROACH
Some issues were raised regarding the application of
adjustment factors to qualified data during the Agency's
internal revieW process.
One issue is that "J" qualifiers are added to analytical
results for many reasons that may or may not affect the
accuracy and precision of the analytical result. The
application of an adjusnn..ent factor to "J" qualified data
in which bias is not affected could be considered overly
conservative.
All qualified data should be carefully evaluated to
determine if the data are biased. Based on the reasons
for bias, the use of an adjustment factor should only be
considered as a management tool that provides a quick
screening of the data for site assessment, not a means for
correcting the biased value to a irue value. Application
of adjustm.."Ill factors are intended for use with qualified
data reported at or above the CRQL and may not be
applicable to data which are qualified but technically
sound. As staled previously, qualified data should
always be carefully reviewed on a case-by-case basis
. prior ro use in HRS evaluation.
Another issue is the validity of "IO" as a default
adjusnnent factor. A default adjustment factor of IO was
a policy decision based on the range of adjusanent
factors and an industry approach. The default was
chosen in order to account for the maximum variability
regardless of the direction of the bias. Therefore, the
default value of IO is generally considered to be a
conservative adjustment factor. EPA reviewed the use
of the default value of IO and determined that this value
was conservative.
Even if using adjustment factors is sometimes overly
conservative, this approach is preferable to not using the
data at all. EPA maintains a "worst sites first" policy
that oniy the sites considered most harmful to human
health and/or the environment should be listed. EPA
considers the use of adjustment factors appropriate as a
management decision tool. However, discretion is
needed when applying adjustment factors. Toe use of
adjustment factors may not be appropriate in all cases.
9
USE OF OTHER ADJUSI'MENT FACTORS
EPA Regions may substitute higher, but never lower,
adjustment factor values for the ooes listed in this fact
sheet on a case-by-aise basis when technically justified.
For example, other adjustment factors may be applied to
conform with site-specific Data Quality Objectives
(DQOs) or with Regional Standard Operating Procedures
(SOPs) (Daw Qualiry Objectives Process for Superjund,
Publication 9355.9-Dl).
SUMMARY
For site assessment purposes, EPA Regions should no,
automatically discard "J" qualified data. However, site-
specific data usability determinations may result in the
dala's not being used.
Data qualified under the EPA's CLP or from other
sources of validated data may be used to demonstrate an
observed rel= if certain me,isures are taken to ensure
that the bias of the data qualifier is adjusted using the
factor approach specified in this fact sheet. (1bis fact
sheet provides a management decision tool for making
qualified data usable for documenting an observed
release.) The analyte and matrix-specific adjusnnenr
factors provided in Tables l through 4 of this fact sheet
present these adjustment factors.
The scope of this fact sheet is limited to the situations
described in Exhibit 1. The use of qualified analytical
data without the adjustment factors pres.ented in this facr
sheet is limited. Higher adjustment factors may be
substituted by EPA Regions on a case-by-aise basis
when technically justified by site-specific DQOs or
SOPs.
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REFERENCES
I. U.S. Government Printing Office, Federal Register,
Pan II, Environmental Protection Agency. 40 CFR
Pan 300, Hazard Ranking System, Final Rule,
December 14, 1990.
2. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Ha:a,rd
Ranking Sysrem Guidance Mamuil, Office of Solid
Waste and Emergency Response, PB92-963377,
November 1992.
3. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1995.
Esrablishing an Observed Release. Office of
Emergency and Remedial Response. PB94-963314.
4. U.S. EnviroilIIleotal Protection Agency, 1995.
Esrablishing Areas of Observed Con1aminarion.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
PB94-963312.
5. U.S. EnviroilIIlental Protection Agency, 1995.
Esrablishing Background Levels. Office of
Emergency and Remedial Response. PB94-963313.
6. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1994. OJ'
Nalional Functional Guidelines for Inorganic Da111
Review. Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response. Publication 9240.1-05-01.
7. U.S. EnvironmentalProtecrionAgency, 1993. OJ'
Narional Functional Guidelines for Organic Dala
Review. Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response. Publication 9240.1-05._
8. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1991.
Coruracr !Abora1ory Program S1a1emen1 of Worlc
for Inorganic Analysis. Document No. ILM02.0.
9. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1991.
Coruraa !Abora1ory Program S1a1emen1 of Worlc
for Organic Alllllysis. Document No. OLMl.8.
IO. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1993.
Additional Guidance on "Worst Si,es" and "NPL
Caliber Si,es" ro AssiST in SACM lmplemen1arion.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
PB94-963206.
IO
11. Board of Regenls of !he University of Washingron,
er al., v. EPA, No. 95-1324, slip op. ar IO (D.C.
Cir. June 25, 1996). IO.
12. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1991.
Guidance for Perfonning Preliminary Assessmenls
Under CERCTA. Office of Solid Waste and
Emergency Response. Publication 9345.0-01-A.
13. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1992.
Guidance for Perfonning Sire Inspecrions Under
CERCTA. Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response. PB92-963375.
14. U.S. Environm..-ntal Protection Agency, 1992.
Qua/ii)' Assurance/Quality Corurol Samples.
Environmental Response Team Quality Assurance
Technical Information Bulletin.
15. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1986. TeSI
Merhods for Evaluaring Solid Wasre (SW-846):
Physical and Chemical Me/hods. Office of Solid
Waste and Emergency Response. Document No.
SW-846.
16. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1993.
Da1a Quality Objectives Process for Superfwul.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Publication 9355. 9-0 I.
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TABLE 1
FACTORS FOR VOLATILE ORGANIC ANAL YTES
. I SOIL MATRIX WATER MATRIX
Number of I VOLATILE CARD Number of ORGANIC Samples CARD Samples ANALYTES Reviewed Factor Reviewed Factor • I, I, 1-TRJCHLDROEIBANE --10.0 -10.0 1,1,2.2-TETRACHLDROETHANE -10.0 -10.0 I I, 1.2-TRJCHlDROETHANE -10.0 -10.0 I, 1-DICHLOROEIBANE .. -10.0 -10.0 D I, 1-DICHLDROEIBENE 7,031 2.71 5,015 2.35 1,2-DICHLDROETHANE-D4 32,446 1.52 25,516 1.38 D 1,2-DICHLOROETHENE (TOTAL) -10.0 -10.0 1,2-DICHLDROPROPANE -10.0 -10.0 u 2-BUTANONE -10.0 -10.0 2-HEXANONE -10.0 -10.0 m 4-MEIBYL-2-PENTANONE -10.0 -10.0 ACETONE -10.0 -10.0 • BENZENE 7,024 1.97 5,001 1.64 BROMODICHLOROMETHANE -10.0 -10.0 1, BROMOFORM -10.0 -10.0 BROMOFLUOROBENZENE 32,444 1.7 25,518 1.26 I
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BROMOMETHANE -10.0 -10.0 CARBON DISULFIDE -10.0 -10.0 I I,
1
1
1
I l,1
11, 11
1\
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VOLATILE
ORGANIC
ANALYTES
CARBON TETRACHLORIDE
CHLOROBENZENE
CHLOROETilANE
CHLOROFORM
CHLOROMETHANE
CIS--1 .3-DICHLOROPROPENE
DIBROMOCHLOROMETilANE
ETHYLBENZENE
METHYLENE CHLORIDE
STYRENE .
TETRACHLOROETHENE
TOLUENE-D8
TRANS-1,3-DICHLOROPROPENE ·
TRICHLOROETHENE
VINYL CHLORIDE
XYLENE (fOTAL) .
TABLE 1
FACTORS FOR VOLATILE ORGANIC ANAL YTES
SOIL MATRIX WATER MATRIX
Number of
CARD Number of
Samples CARD Samples
Reviewed Factor Reviewed FaCtor
-10.0 -10.0
7,018 2.0 5,015 1.54
-10.0 -10.0
-10.0 -10.0
-lO.0 -10.0
-10.0 -. 10.0
-10.0 -10.0
-10.0 -10.0
-10.0 -10.0
-10.0 -10.0
-lO.0 -10.0
32,447 l.63 25,526 1.21
-lO.0 -10.0
6,988 2.1 I 4,938 1.66
-10.0 -10.0
-10.0 -10.0
12
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TABLE 2
FACTORS FOR SEMNOLATILE ORGANIC ANALYTES
SOIL MATRIX WATER MATRIX
SEMIVOLATILE Number of CARD
ORGANIC Number of CARD Samples
ANALYTES Samples Reviewed Factor Reviewed Factor
1.2,4-TRICHLOROBENZENE 6,792 4.83 4,605 3.71
l ,2-D!CHLOROBENZENE-D4 32,848 4.22 21,506 3.0
1,3-DICHLOROBENZENE -10.0 -10.0
1,4-DJCHLOROBENZENE 6,796 6.0 4,599 3.85
2.2' -OXYBIS(l-CHLOROPROPANE) -10.0 -10.0
2,4,6-TRIBROMOPHENOL 32,605 9.38 21,509 3.57
2,4,5-TRICHLOROPHENOL -10.0 -10.0
2,4,6-TRICHLOROPHENOL -10.0 -10.0
2,4-DJCHLOROPHENOL -10.0 -10.0
2,4-DIMETHYLPHENOL -10.0 -10.0
2 ,4-DINITROPHENOL -, 10.0 -10.0
2,4-DINITROTOLUENE 6,798 4.88 4,623 3.52
2,6-DINITROTOLUENE -10.0 -10.0
2-CHLORONAPHTHALENE -10.0 -10.0
2-CHLOROPHENOL-D4 32,798 4.08 21,506 2.92
2-FLUOROBIPHENYL 32,913 3.38 21,532 2.84
2-FLUORPHENOL 32,781 -5.05 21,511 3.34
2-METHYLNAPHTHALENE -10.0 -10.0
;
2-METIIYLPHENOL -10.0 -10.0
2-NITROANILINE -10.0 -10.0
2-NITROPHENOL -10.0 -10.0
3,3'-DJCHLOROBENZIDINE -10.0 -10.0
3-NITROANILINE -10.0 -10.0
4.6-DINITRO-2-METHYLPHENOL -10.0 -10.0
4-BROMOPHENYL-PHENYLEIBER -10.0 -10.0
13
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TABLE 2
FACTORS FOR SEMIVOLATILE ORGANIC ANALYTES
SOIL MATRIX WATER MATRIX
SEMIVOLATILE Number of CARD
ORGANIC Number of CARD Samples
ANALYTES Samples Reviewed Factor Reviewed Factor
4-CHLORO-3-METHYLPHENOL 6,715 6.26 4,609 4.46
4-CHLOROANILINE -10.0 -10.0
4-CHLOROPHENYL-PHENYLETHER -10.0 -10.0
4-METHYLPHENOL -10.0 -10.0
4-NITROANILINE -10.0 -10.0
4-NITROPHENOL 6,627 9.33 4,586 5.%
ACENAPHTI!ENE 6,773 4.68 4,600 3.63
ACENAPHTHYLENE -. 10.0 -10.0
ANTIIRACENE -10.0 -10.0
BENZO(A)ANTIIRACENE . -10.0 -10.0
BENZO(A)PYRENE -10,0 -10.0
BENZO(B)FLUORANTHENE -10.0 -10.0
BENZO(G,H,DPERYLENE -10.0 -10.0
BENZO(K)FLUORANTI!ENE -10.0 -10.0
BIS(2-CHLOROETHOXY)METHANE -10.0 -10.0
BIS(2-CHLOROETHYL)ETHER -10.0 -10.0
.
BIS(2-ETHYLHEXYL)PHTHALATE . -10.0 -10.0
BUTYLBENZYLPHTHALATE -10.0 -10.0
CARBAZOLE -10.0 -10.0
CHRYSENE -10.0 -10.0
DI-N-BUTYLPHTHALA TE -10.0 -10.0
.
DI-N-OCTYLPHTHALA TE -10.0 -10.0
DIBENZ(A,H)ANTHRACENE -10.0 -10.0
DIBE"IZOFURAN -10.0 -10.0
DIETHYLPHTHALATE I -10.0 -10.0
14
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TABLE 2
FACTORS FOR SEMIVOLATILE ORGANIC ANALYTES
SOIL MATRIX· WATER MATRIX
SEMIVOLA TILE
Number of CARD ORGANIC Number of CARD Samples ANALYTES Samples Reviewed Factor Reviewed Factor
DIME1RYLPHIBALA TE -10.0 -10.0 FLUORANTHENE -10.0 -10.0 FLUORENE -10,0 -10.0 HEXACHLOROBENZENE -10,0 -10.0 HEXACHLOROBUTADIENE -10,0 --10.0 HEXACHLOROCYCLOPENTADIENE -10.0 -10.0 HEXACHLOROETHANE -10.0 -10.0 INDENO(l,2,3-CD)PYRENE -10.0 -10.0 ISOPHORONE -10,0 -10.0 N-NITROSO-DI-N-PROPYLAMINE 6,725 4.92 4,513 4.0 N-NJTROSODIPHENYLAMINE(l) -10.0 -10.0 NAPHTHALENE -10.0 -10.0
. NITROBENZENE-D5 32,867 3.96 21,533 2.73 PENTACHLOROPHENOL 6,597 72.5 4,550 10.12 PHENANTIIRENE -10.0 -10.0 PHENOL-D5 32,855 3.85 21,489 3.53 PYRENE 6,543 I 1.86 4,612 5.67 TERPHENYL-D14 32,899 4.35 21,541 6.32
15
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VOLATILE
ORGANIC
ANALYTES
4,4'-DDD
4,4'-DDE
4,4'-DDT
ALDRIN
ALPHA-BHC
ALPHA-CHLORDANE
AROCLOR-1016
AROCLOR-1221
AROCLOR-1232
AROCLOR-1242
AROCLOR-1248
AROCLOR-1254
AROCLOR-1260
BETA-BHC
DECACHLOROBIPHENYL
DELTA-BHC
DIELDRIN
"
TABLE 3
FACTORS FOR PESTICIDES/PCB ANAL YTES
SOIL MATRIX WATER MATRIX
Number of
CARD Number of
Samples CARD Samples
Reviewed Factor Reviewed Factor
-10.0 -10.0
-10.0 -10.0
5,343 12.82 3,850 7.14
5,526 14.26 3,829 6.63
-10.0 -10.0
-10.0 -10.0
-10.0 -10.0
-10.0 -10.0
-10.0 -10.0
-10.0 -10.0.
-10.0 -10.0
-10.0 -10.0
-10.0 -10.0
-10.0 -10.0
57,315 17.79 33,592 10.0
-10.0 -10.0
5,539 11.93 3,861 4.87
16
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TABLE 3
FACTORS FOR PESTICIDES/PCB ANAL YTES
I SOIL MATRIX WATER MATRIX
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Number of
VOLATILE CARD Number of ORGANIC Samples CARD Samples ANALYTES Reviewed Factor Reviewed Factor
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ENDOSUlFAN I -10.0 -10.0
ENDOSULF AN II -10.0 -10.0
ENDOSULFAN SULFATE -10.0 -10.0
ENDRIN 5,521 14.13 3,850 5.33
ENDRIN ALDEHYDE -10.0 -10.0
ENDRIN KETONE -10.0 -10.0
GAMMA-BHC (LINDANE) 5,545 11.79 3,832 10.0
GAMMA-CHLORDANE -10.0 -10.0
HEPTACHLOR 5,548 7.88 3,836 5.26
HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE -10.0 -10.0 I
I METHOXYCHLOR -10.0 -10.0
TETRACHLORO-M-XYLENE . 59,508 8.5 33,787 5.29 II TOXAPHENE -10.0 --10.0
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INORGANIC
ANALYTES
ALUMINUM
ANTIMONY
ARSENIC
BARIUM
-BERYLLJUM
CADMIUM
CALCIUM
CHROMIUM.
COBALT
COPPER
CYANIDE
IRON
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MANGA.','ESE
MERCURY
NlCKEL
POTASSIUM
SELENIUM
SILVER
SODIUM
TIIALLIUM
VANADIUM
ZINC
TABLE 4
FACTORS FOR INORGANIC ANAL YTES I
SOIL MATRIX WATER MA TRIX
Number of Number of
CARD CARD
Samples Samples
Reviewed Factor Reviewed Factor
5387 1.66 6208 1.30
5392 1.98 6170 1.27
5675 1.74 6303 1.35
5360 3.99 6201 1.25
5399 1.28 6208 1.25
5385 1.41 6166 1.29
5383 1.28 6201 1.24
5389 1.29 6210 1.30
5392 1.25 6212 1.27
5394 1.22 6205 1.25
3281 1.55 225 1.36
5391 1.34 6216 1.27
5982 1.44 6384 1.31
5397 1.23 6210 1.24
5395 1.24 6214 1.28
5954 1.83 256 1.50
5400 1.35 6210 1.29
3874 17.49 6175 1.24
5620 2.38 6278 1.41
5392 1.74 6215 1.42
5024 25.43 6195 1.26
5621 1.86 6253 1.37
5393 1.34 6212 1.25
5404 1.50 6224 1.29 I
18
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NCD 986 187 094
Castle Hayne, New Hanover Co., NC
Ref 12
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CE RC.LA
Hydrology of Major Estuaries -
And Sounds of North Carolina
United States
Geological
Survey
Water-Supply
Paper ?221
Pref);irecJ in
coo{1eratiun \~i{h the
North C:11·olina
Dcpartnicnt of Natu,al
Resources and·
:' ~onHHUnity Development
-"¥~.,., ..
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DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
DONALD PAUL HODEL, Secretary
U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
Dallas L. Peck, Director
UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1985
For sale br the Distribution Branch, U.S. Geological Survey,
604 South Pickett Street, Alexandria, VA 22304
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Giese, C. L.
Hydrolo)-;y of major estuilries and sounds of North
Caroli11;i.
(U.S. Cecilngical Survey water-supply paper; 2221)
Bibliography: p. 105
Supt. of Docs. no.: I 19.13: 2221
1. Estuaries-No_rth Carolina. 2. Sounds Geomorphology-
North Carolina. 3. Hydrology-North Carolina. J.
Wilder, Hugh B. 11. Parker, G. G. lll. North Carolina.
Dept. of Natural Resources and Community Develop-
ment. JV. Title. V. Series: Geological Survey water-
supply paper ; 2221.
GC97.G54 1985 55'1.46'48 85-u00158
I
\ slant, probabilities may be determined with reasonable ac-t u.racy. For example, using figure 2.11 and assuming that
he maximum tide will be 4.0 feet above mean low water
\ during the period of annual minimum flow, it may be that
•
encroachment to a point IO miles above Wilmington will
occur when the 7-day average outflow is about 820 ft 3/s,
\ and we estimate from figure 2.2 that such a flow condition
•
will recur on an average of 3.8 years.
It is apparent. from figure 2.11 that saltwater en-
I croachment will not be a problem as far upstream as 15
. miles above \Vilmington, near the mouth of the Black
•
River, without the simultaneous occurrence of both an ex-
ceptionally high tide and an exceptionally low inflow.
\ Another important factor that will affect the extreme
flannual position of the saltwater front i~ the B. Everett Jor-
lldan Reservoir. The operating scht111e for this reservoir l provides for a minimum flow of 600 ft 3/s in the Cape Fear
DRiver at Lillington. This reservoir release, plus the mini-
mum inflow that may be expected to occur about once in
1100 years, on average, between Lillington and the mouth,
I will produce about 800 fr\/s of outflow from the estuary.
IIThis augmented flow should considerablv reduce the
IJmaximum extent of saltwater encroachment in the estuarv. I .
I
\THE NORTHEAST CAPE FEAR
l1RIVER ESTUARY
\ The Nonheast Cape Fear River (see pl. I and fig.
1;2.12) originates in Wayne County, flows south through
Duplin, Pender, and New Hanover Counties, and at Wil-
1mington flows inlo the Cape Fear River, which empties
I into the ocean about 30 miles south of Wilmington. The
~otal area drained is 1,740 m?. The entire basin lies with-
in the Coastal Plain and stream gradients average less than
l ~rne-half foot per mile. The t:Vo largest tributaries arc
Rockfish Creek and Holly Shelter Creek. Much of the
~ain stem of the Northeast Cape Fear River and most of ' its tributaries are typical black-water, s,vamp-drainage
IJtrcams, with imperceptible flows. sand-detritus botloms,
4nd low turbidity. Tide effects in the Northeast Cape Fear
~iver extend upstream almost 50 miles from the mouth.
I tP near Holly Shelter Creek. Thus, the river may be con-
sidered an estuary in that 50-mile reach. Many of the
ttibutaries entering the Northeas1 Cape Fear River in its
tidal reach arc also affected bv tides. I \ The lower 2.5 miles ~f the Northeast Cape Fear
~iver estuary has been dredged and a navigation channel
32 feet deep and 300 feet wide is maintained. Upstream
I fiom this, to a point 48 miles above the mouth, the river
Jas cleared to a depth of 6 feet in 1896; upstream from
ttiis, to 56 miles above the mouth, the river was cleared
I
1 to a depth of 3 feet.
EXPLANATION
02108500
A Stream~gog1ng sto1ion
.., Weter quo111y srot1on
D f d
s ~INOUAP!N
,,~~1• 0210B000
1
0
0
40 mi
30 mi
02108619
5
5 10
N
C,
c;.
10 MILES
15 KM
Figure 2.12. Northeast Cape Fear River estuary.
Several industries use the Northeast Cape Fear River
and its tributaries both as a source of process water and
as a conveyor of industrial wastes. The upper reaches of
the Northeast Cape Fear River are used for recreation,
primarily boating and fishing.
Freshwater Inflow
The average net outflow of the Northeast Cape Fear
River estuary is about 2. 120 ft3/s. Of greater interest than
average now, however. are low flows, because pollution
Hydrology of the Cape Fear River Estuarine System 31
11
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S A
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LOC):; 2
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'-----·
2105
CO '-Dhoeri,
L UMBUS ~ =·~1' s .
8 R u
20 MILES
30 KILOMETERS
7 8'
02053200 6
02053200
'v
EXPLANATION
h. boundary Physiograp ic
Basin b0undory
u. S. G. S. discharge or s!oge slotion ond numtier
d number s101 ion on S Waler quality I u. S. G. • { where known limit of lidol influence
Upsireom ) of saltwater
· ·1 ( where known honce . trusion l1m1 , SO-percent c Upstream 10
hloridP J having 0 front ( 200 mg/ L c ceewded in any year • uoled or ex I ler of being eq . ( here known) of so two stream intrusion w, Maximum up I for details) lronl ( See lex
ZONE B
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REASOR CHEMICAL CO.
NCO 986 187 094
X /
-------r=l--ZQ~
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ZONE A6
I
ZONE B
-----------
ZONE C
Prince George Creek Trib111ur_r
ZONE C
( R~a;or Chemical Co
. NCD 986 187 094
Castle Hayne, New Hanover County, NC
ZONE B
APPROXIMATE SCALE
. ' , oE&---3'=1·:=c=:=e:==:c:'o=:========i, opo FEET
1-===---=---=-=-=====,;;J---
NATIONAL FLOOD INSURANCE PROGRAM
FIRM
FLOOD INSURANCE RATE MAP
NEW HANOVER
COUNTY,
1111,11111111 NORTH CAROLINA
(UNINCORPORATED AREAS)
PANEL 30 OF 128
(SEE MAP INDEX FOR PANELS NOT PRINTED)
COMMUNITY-PANEL NUMBER
370168 0030 D
MAP REVISED:
APRIL 15, 1986
1 Emergency Management A
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KEY TO MAP
500•Yea~ Flood Boundary-----
100-Year Flood Boundary-----
Zone Designations*
ZONE B.
100-Year Flood Boundary-----
500-Year Flood Boundary-----
Base Flood Elevation Line ----513---
With Elevation In Feet~"
Base Flood Elevation in Feet (EL987)
Where Uniform Within Zone#*
Elevation Reference ,\lad.: RM7x
Zone D Boundary---------
River /1.lilc •M1 .5
0 Refercnced to the ,\/ational Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929
*EXPLANATION OF ZONE DESIGNATIONS
ZONE
A
AO
AH
A1-A30
A99
B
C
D
V
Vl-V30
EXPLANATION
Areas of 100-year flood; base flood e!evations and
flood hazard factors not determined.
Areas of l 00-year shallow flooding where depths
are between on'C (1) and three (3) feet;average depths
of inundation are shown, but no flood hazard factors
are determined.
Areas of 100-year shallow flooding where deoths
:J.re between one (1) and three (3) feet; base flood
elev.itions are shown, but no flood hazard factors
are determined.
Areas of 100-year flood; base flood elevations and
flood hazard factors determined.
Areas of J 00-year flood to be protened by flood
pmtection system under construction; base flood
elevations and flood hazard factors not determined.
Areas between limits of the 100-year flood and 500·
year flood; or certain areas·subjec1 to 100-year flood-
ing with average depths less than one (1) foot or where
the contributing drainage area is less than one square
mile; or areas protected bv levees from the base flood.
(Medium shading) ·
Areas of minimal flooding. (No shading)
Areas of undetermined, bu1 possible, flood hazards.
Areas of 100-year coastal flood with velocity (wave
action); base flood elevations and flood hazard factors
not determined. '
Areas of 100-year coastal flood with velocity (wave
action); base flood elevations and flood hazard factors
determined. ·
NOTES TO USER
Certain areas not in the special flood hazard areas (Zones A and V)
m.w be protected bv flood control structures.
This map is for flood insurance and .. fl<;>od plain manai;tement .::-":-::-:·•:"':•:~cy:'.'.'.-·.•:.--: .--·· "·'. .~:-:--".:~ ::·-:•· .·.· .... -_. -.-••. --.