NCD981021157_19900608_New Hanover County Airport Burn Pit_FRBCERCLA SAP QAPP_Draft Sampling and Analysis Plan-OCR

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REMEDIAL PLANNING ACTIVITIES AT SELECTED
UNCONTROLLED HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES DISPOSAL
SITES FOR EPA REGION IV
U.S. EPA CONTRACT NO. 68-W9-0056
DRAFT
SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS PLAN
FOR THE
NEW HANOVER COUNTY AIRPORT
BURN PIT SITE
WILMINGTON, NORTH CAROLINA
WORK ASSIGNMENT NO. 05-4L5Q
DOCUMENT CONTROL NO.
7740-005-SP-BBSS
JUNE 8, 1990
Prepared for:
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Prepared By:
CDM Federal Programs Corporation
1900 The Exchange. N. W .. Suite 415
Atlanta. Georgia 30339
**COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL**
This document has been prepared for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
under Contract No. 68-W9-0056. The material contained herein is not to be
disclosed to. discussed with. or made available to any person or persons for
any reason without the prior expressed approval of a responsible official of
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
CDM ARCS IV
Atlanta, Georgia
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Prepared by:
Approved by:
Approved by:
REMEDIAL PLANNING ACTIVITIES AT SELECTED
UNCONTROLLED HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES DISPOSAL
SITES FOR EPA REGION IV
U.S. EPA CONTRACT NO. 68-W9-0056
DRAFT
SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS PLAN
FOR THE
NEW HANOVER COUNTY AIRPORT BURN PIT SITE
WILMINGTON. NORTH CAROLINA
WORK ASSIGNMENT NO. 05-4L5Q
DOCUMENT CONTROL NO.: 7740-005-SP-BBSS
Mary Leslte /7 /
Project Ma'in;er.
,1
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Date:
/''
/' ,/1..L
/2 '
1f1Jf )!1,1 ,I,~
RoseMaty Ellers1ck 1
Quality Assurance Director
Date: ,i,{_ ,7
) I/
7. 111)
lf;l!J
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Section
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION -------------------
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
----------------
Site Description -----------------
2. I . I Location
2. I. 2 History -----------------
2.1.3 Physica_l_F_e-at-u-re_s _____________ _
Geology Hydroloc-gc-c-y-------------------
2.3.1 Surface Water 2.3.2 Groundwater ---------------
Previous Investigations --------------
2.4.1
2.4.2
2.4.3
2.4.4
Groundwater Data Surface Water/Sed~1m-e-nt~D-at_a ________ _
Soil Data Tank andrn-B'."7'.um=--r""1""t -.C.-:oc::n"'te=-=n:.ts=-----------
2.5 Project Objectives _______________ _
2.6 ProJect Schedule -----------------
PROJECT ORGANIZATION AND
RESPONSIBILITY ------------------
3. I Project Organization 3. 2 Quality Assurance o-rg_a_n-1z-a~ti-o_n __________ _
QUALITY ASSURANCE OBJECTIVES -----------
FIELD OPERATIONS -----------------
5.1 General --------------------
5.1.1
5.1.2
5.1.3
5.1.4
5.1.5
5.1.6
5.1. 7
5.1.8
5. 1.9
5.1.10
Data Quality Objectives
Field Quality Planning -----------
Data Collection
Field Quality A-:css=-=-u"'ra::-:n::-:c"'e•s--=ac::m::-:p"'l"'es=---------
Site Security Potable Wate=-=r,.,S"'u'"'p'""p"'ly,,------------
Health and Safety ObJect1ves Equipment Decontamination _________ _
Field Logbook Entry Procedures
Sample Containers. Preservation_a,..,n'"'d.--------
Holding Times --------------
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I TABLE OF CONTENTS
(Continued)
I Section Page
I 5.2 Soil Sampling 5-12
5.2.1 Objective and Scope 5-12
I 5.2.2 Sample Control 5-17
5.2.3 Field Equipment 5-18
5.2.4 Task Team and Respons1btht1es 5-19
5.2.5 Preparatory Activities 5-19
I 5.2.6 Subcontractor Coordination 5-19
5.2.7 Sample Traffic Control 5-19
5.2.8 Specific Protocols 5-20
I 5.3 Installation of Temporary Piezometers and
Groundwater Monitor Wells 5-22
I 5.3.1 Objectives 5-22
5.3.2 Field Equipment 5-28
5.3.3 Task Team and Respons161ltt1es 5-28
I 5.3.4 Preparatory Activities 5-28
5.3.5 Subcontractor Coordination 5-28
5.3.6 Specific Protocols 5-28
I 5.4 Groundwater Sampling 5-29
5.4.1 Objectives 5-29
I 5.4.2 Samdle Contro 5-30
5.4.3 Fie! Equipment 5-30
5.4.4 Task Team and Respons161ltues 5-32
5.4.5 Preparatory Activities 5-32
I 5.4.6 Subcontractor Coordination 5-32
5.4.7 Sample Traffic Control 5-32
5.4.8 Specific Protocols 5-33
I 5.5 Water Level Measurements 5-34
5.5.1 Objectives 5-34
I 5.5.2 Field Equipment 5-34
5.5.3 Task Team and Respons161ltt1es 5-35
5.5.4 Preparatory Activities 5-35
I 5.5.5 Subcontractor Coordination 5-35
5.5.6 Specific Protocols 5-35
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I TABLE OF CONTENTS
(Continued)
I Section Page
I 5.6 Aquifer Testing 5-35
5.6.1 Ohjective 5-35
I 5.6.2 Field Equipment 5-36
5.6.3 Personnel Protective Equipment 5-36
5.6.4 Health and Safety Guidelines 5-36
5.6.5 Task Team and Responsibililles 5-37
I 5.6.6 Preparatory Activities 5-37
5.6.7 Subcontractor Coordination 5-37
5.6.8 Specific Protocols 5-37
I 5.7 Site Surveying 5-38
5.7.1 Objectives 5-38
I 5.7.2 Field Equipment 5-38
5.7.3 Task Team and Respons161ht1es 5-38
5.7.4 Preparatory Activities 5-38
I 6.0 SAMPLE AND DOCUMENT CUSTODY
PROCEDURES 6-1
I 6.1 Sample Custody 6-1
6.1.1 Field Logbook Entry Procedures 6-1
I 6.1.2 Chain-of-Custody Records 6-2
6.1.3 Sample Container Labeling 6-3
6.1.4 Sample Identification 6-3
6.1.5 Sample Handling and Shipping 6-4
I 6.2 Document Custody 6-7
I 7.0 CALIBRATION PROCEDURES AND FREQUENCY 7-1
7.1 Laboratory Equipment 7-1
7.2 Field Instrumentation 7-1
I 8.0 ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES 8-1
I 9.0 DATA REDUCTION. VALIDATION AND
REPORTING 9-1
9.1 Data Logging 9-1
I 9.2 Ana~zing the Sample and Procedural Detail 9-1 9.3 Vali ation of Data 9-1
9.4 Final Reporting and Report Archival 9-2
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Section
TABLE OF CONTENTS
(Continued)
10.0 INTERNAL QUALITY CONTROL CHECKS _______ _
10.1 DuJ?licate Samples ______________ _
10.2 Spilt Samples_~----------------10.3 Spiked Samp es 10.4 Trip Blank ----------------
10.5 Preservative Blanks IO. 6 Matrix Spi ke/Matri:.,,x_,S,..,p_,, k.---e-D,...,.,.up""l~,c'""a.,..,te,-("'M....,S..,../~M....,S~O~)r-------
10. 7 Frequency _________________ _
11.0 SYSTEMS AND PERFORMANCE AUDITS _______ _
11.1 Internal Auditing System. ____________ _
I 1.2 Audit Reports.--r-c=,,----------------11.3 Frequency of u Its. ______________ _
I 1.4 External Audits -----------------
12.0 PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES
AND SCHEDULES. _______________ _
13.0 DATA MEASUREMENT ASSESSMENT
PROCEDURES ________________ _
13. I Precision ------------------13. 2 Accuracy _________________ _
13.3 Completeness ___ ~--~~---------13.4 Representativeness and Comparab1hty ________ _
14.0 CORRECTIVE ACTION ----------------
15. 0 QUALITY ASSURANCE REPORTS
TO MANAGEMENT ----------------
REFERENCES
IV
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I LIST OF FIGURES
I Figure Page
I 2-1
2-2
Site Location Map --------------------
Site Features Map ___________________ _
2-2
2-6
I 2-3
2-4
Stratigraphic Section __________________ _
Physiographic Features _________________ _
2-9
2-10
I 2-5 Generalized Hydrogeologic Section -------------2-12
2-6 Approximate Soil and Waste Sample Locations -1986 2-19
I 3-1 Project Organization -------------------3-2
3-2
I 5-1
ARCS Region IV QA Organization -------------
Proposed Soil Sampling Locations --------------
3-6
5-15
I 5-2
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Proposed Temporary Piezometer Locations -----------
Typical Monitor Well Construction Schematic
5-23
5-27 ---------
I 5-4 Sam p I e Analyses Totals ------------------5-31
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I Table
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LIST OF TABLES
Results of 1986 Bum Pit Soil Analyses -----------
Results of 1985 Bum Pit Sludge Analyses _________ _
Results of 1986 Bum Pit Sludge Analyses _________ _
Results of 1990 Tank Sludge Analyses ___________ _
Results of 1990 Bum Pit Sludge Analyses _________ _
Results of 1990 Bum Pit Water Analyses _______ ~---
Sample C.ontainers. Preservatives and Holding Times _____ _
Equipment Maintenance Schedule ____________ _
VI
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I QA PROJECT PLAN LOCATOR PAGE
I QA Element Location
1.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 2.0
I 2.0 PROJECT ORGANIZATION AND
RESPONSIBILITY 3.0
I 3.0 QA OBJECTIVES 4.0
4.0 SAMPLING PROCEDURES 5.2
I through
5.6
I 5.0 SAMPLE CUSTODY 6.0
6.0 CALIBRATION PROCEDURES AND
FREQUENCY 7.0
I 7.0 ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES 8.0
i.1 8.0 DATA REDUCTION, VALIDATION,
AND REPORTING 9.0
9.0 INTERNAL QC CHECKS 10.0
I 10.0 PERFORMANCE AND SYSTEM AUDITS 11.0
I 11.0 PREVENTATIVE MAINTENANCE 12.0
12.0 CALCULATION OF PRECISION, ACCURACY, AND
COMPLETENESS 13.0
I 13.0 CORRECTIVE ACTION 14.0
I 14.0 QA REPORTS TO MANAGEMENT 15.0
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1.0 INTRODUCTION
This draft Sampling and Analysis Plan (SAP) was developed specifically to guide
field operations <luring the remedial investigation/feasibility study (RI/FS) to
be conducted at the New Hanover County Airport Bum Pit Site (New Hanover Site)
in Wilmington. North Carolina. This document is submitted in accordance with
Work Assignment No. 05-4L5Q.
The following components are addressed in this SAP:
o Field Sampling Plan (FSP)
o Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP)
Field operations to be conducted during the RI/FS include:
o Installation of borings. temporary piezometers. and pennanent wells
o Aquifer testing
o Collection and analysis of soil and groundwater samples to determine
extent of contamination
o Conducting a aerial topographic land suivey of the site
Quality assurance (QA) procedures included in this SAP have been prepared in
accordance with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Region IV guidelines
for all site sampling activities. These QA procedures will be implemented to
ensure that data gathered at the site are consistent with specific quality
goals of accuracy, precision, and completeness. A QAPP reference page is
included following the Table of Contents that sho;;,,s the location of all QA
elements called for in Interim Guidelines and Specifications for Preparing
Quality Assurance Project Plans, QAMS-005/80, EPA-600/4-83-004 (USEPA, 1983).
The remedial investigation as described herein will be a two-phase effort that
can be briefly summarized as follows. The first phase will be initiated with
an electromagnetometer suivey and air quality sampling which will last
approximately 2 days. During this time. the onsite lab will be set-up,
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security will be initiated. the drilling subcontractor will be mobilized and
soil sampling and piezometer locations will be staked out. Once the air
samples have been collected, temporary piezometers will be installed and soil
sampling will begin; this effort is planned for 14 consecutive days using a
five person team to collect samples and oversee piezometer installation. All
samples collected during this time will be analyzed by the onsite lab, with QA
samples and samples for mercury analyses going to ESD or a CLP laboratory. In
addition. samples for Minteq analyses will be collected and sent to ESD for
analysis. The site survey will also be initiated during phase one.
Following completion of all sampling and analyses described above, all entities
will be demobilized and leave the site. The schedule allows a two week period
for evaluation of the analytical data by CDM and EPA in order to select
locations for the permanent monitor wells. Once the locations have been
identified, the drilling subcontractor will return to the site and install the
permanent monitor well network. CDM will oversee monitor well installation and
aquifer testing, and then sample the wells. This effort is planned for 12
consecutive days for a two person CDM team to oversee drilling (2 rigs),
aquifer testing and monitor well sampling.
Once the permanent monitor well locations have been surveyed, the field
investigation will be completed to be followed by further data evaluation and
preparation of the risk assessment and remedial investigation report.
Samples collected under this investigation will be analyzed for polynuclear
aromatics (PAHs), volatile organic compounds. (VOCs) and three metals (arsenic,
lead and mercury). Samples for dioxin screening will be collected for CLP
analysis.
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2.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION
2. I SITE DESCRIPTION
2. I. I LOCATION
The New Hanover Site is located on Gardner Road 500 feet west of the New
Hanover County Airport in New Hanover County. and approximately 1.5 miles north
of Wilmington, North Carolina. at 34° 16'29" latitude and 77°54'55" longitude.
The approximately 1,500 square foot pit, is located in the center of a 4-acre
plot. Land use in the site vicinity is commercial. industrial. and
residential. There are rental car maintenance facilities. a closed
sawmill/lumberyard. a manufacturing facility. and a trucking company to the
east of the site. The closest residential areas to the site are estimated to
be approximately 0.22 mile to the west. separated from the site by a road,
railroad tracks, and heavy forestation. A site location map is shown in Figure
2-l.
2.1.2 HISTORY
The airport was constructed in the 1920s as a civil air facility owned by New
Hanover County. In I 942, the Department of Defense requisitioned the airport
for the U.S. Army Air Corps. In 194 7 and 1948. the Army deeded the airport
back to the County. It was called Bluthenthal Airport until around 1970 when
it was renamed the New Hanover County Airport. The New Hanover County Airport
Bum Pit was constructed in 1968 and used until 1979 by the Cape Fear Technical
Institute for firefighter training purposes. Prior to this period the site had
been used as a military hospital. The Wilmington Fire Department also used the
bum pit for firefighter training purposes during the years 1968 to 1976. Jet
fuel, gasoline, petroleum storage tank bottoms, fuel oil. kerosene. and sorbent
materials from oil spill cleanups were burned in the pit. Water was the
primary fire extinguishing agent: however. carbon dioxide and dry chemicals
were also used.
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N.C.
1100 5'00 '"'"
ooP __,,,, \; 1~17 •;~ ::;.----~I-~1
HORNE ?LA~ .l
"' ;;~~~""'"'7 • N
13 'i
I CK
-,']
NEW HANOVER SITE
'---,. .~
' --
c,,.t I I ~'-"t. n, sr. A
I to ----4!~~::--::J':!
ARCS IV
SITE LOCATION MAP
NEW HANOVER COUNTY AIRPORT BURN PIT SITE
WILMINGTON, NORTH CAROLINA
2-2
FIGURE NO.
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In 1985, sampling by the New Hanover County Department of Engineering showed
heavy metals and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the pit sludge. In 1986,
the North Carolina Division of Health Services sampled the bottom sludge layer
of the pit and soil outside the pit and detected heavy metals. polynuclear
aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and VOCs. The County applied for a permit to
close out the bum pit by land application of the pit contents. but this
request was denied by the State of North Carolina.
A survey for hazard ranking purposes was conducted at the site on January 9.
1987. EPA contacted the potentially responsible parties (PRPs) on October 7,
1988 seeking information concerning the identity and/or quantity of materials
generated, treated. stored, disposed of. or transported to the New Hanover
Site. Draft enforcement-consent orders were negotiated with the PRPs through
three or four rounds of correspondence. These attempts were unsuccessful.
The New Hanover Site was proposed for inclusion to the National Priorities List
(NPL) on March 31, 1989.
The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) conducted a health
assessment of the New Hanover Site in March 1989. The Health Assessment
concluded that the site is of potential public concern because of risk to human
health resulting from possible exposure to hazardous substances at
concentrations that may result in adverse human health effects. In April 1990,
as part of an emergency response action, EPA collected some samples at the
site.
The following site reference documents and where they were obtained are
provided below:
o Geology and Groundwater Resources of New Hanover County. North Carolina.
North Carolina Department of Water and Air Resources. 1970 (GA. Tech
Library)
o EPA Summary Trip Report. May 1986 (EPA)
o Site Inspection Report. February 6. 1987 (EPA)
o Miscellaneous Correspondence between PRPs and EPA. 1988 (EPA)
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o Hazard Ranking System Report (EPA)
o Health Assessment for New Hanover County Bum Pit. November 1989 (EPA)
The following were also obtained from EPA:
o Aerial Photographs -April 1969 and April 1990
o Site Photographs -April 1990
Enforcement Profile
Enforcement activities are currently ongoing between EPA Region IV and the
PRPs. Consent order negotiations were initiated in the fourth quarter of 1989
and to date a satisfactory agreement with all PRPs involved has not been
executed. EPA is close to negotiating a surface cleanup of the bum pit and
fuel supply tank pipeline system with the PRPs as an emergency removal action.
If the PRPs.do not undertake this action. it is highly likely that EPA Region
IV will proceed with an emergency removal at the site prior to initiation of
the RI/FS. Specifics of these enforcement activities were not available for
inclusion herein, in detail.
2.1.3 PHYSICAL FEATURES
The bum pit is of earthen construction, 30 feet by 50 feet in dimension.
surrounded by a 3-foot berm: it does not extend below land surface. Most of
the liquid currently in the pit is water. There are two valves at the bottom
of the pit on the north side, one for draining water and the other for adding
fuel to the pit. However, both of the values are now concealed beneath the new
fi II material.
On March 19, 1990, New Hanover County repaired a break in the berm around the
berm pit. The height of the berm was increased from 2 to 3 feet with soil
removed from an area approximately 50 feet northeast of the pit.
Some water has been allowed to flow from the bum pit onto the land surface.
The pit and soil immediately surrounding the pit are black with characteristics
similar to tar. Soils 30 feet west of the pit and soil 50 feet north of the
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pit are dry, but show evidence of prolonged periods of standing water. The
apparent source of the water is overflow from the bum pit.
The bum pit is located near the center of a 4-acre open field which generally
describes the sit for the purpose of this investigation. In addition to the
bum pit. there are other areas where training occurred and/or were
contamination may be present. including:
o an old automobile
o a railroad tank car
o an aircraft mock-up (55 gallon drums)
o the supply tank
o the pipeline from the supply tank to each bum area
o two stained soil areas adjacent to the bum pit
Most of the firefighter training activities were conducted at the bum pit.
Major site features are shown in Figure 2-2.
The fuel distribution system for the training exercises consists of an above
ground storage tank and a pipeline system, buried approximately I foot below
land surface. The pipeline extends from the storage tank northwest to a pipe
junction. The valve controlling flow to the bum pit is located at the
approximate midpoint along this segment of the pipeline. At the junction,
valves control flow to three additional lines. one to each of the other three
firefighter training areas.
Several concrete block buildings constructed for the military hospital, are
located onsite. Only the building used as the smoke house was included in the
training exercises.
2.2 GEOLOGY
The New Hanover Site is located in the northwest portion of New Hanover County,
and north of Wilmington. North Carolina. New Hanover County is within the
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~
g ~ ~ -----t~ a;
~ ~ bl
0
0
\J
c::::::::::=7
ARCS IV
SITE FEATURES MAP
□ [I]
u
G==CJ
w ~ ~ w "-I[
ii
NEW HANOVER COUNTY AIRPORT BURN PIT SITE
WILMINGTON, NORTH CAROLINA
2-6
Q < 0 ~ ' ~ ~ w ~
II
II
II II
II "
FIGURE NO.
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Coastal Plain Physiographic Province. The major geomorphic features associated
with the county include beaches and barrier islands along the Atlantic Ocean,
the eastern boundary of the country, low relief beach terraces. and dune hills
lying east of the coast, and the Cape Fear and Northeast Cape Fear Rivers.
which jointly mark the approximate county boundaries.
Generally. the sequence of rock types beneath New Hanover County consists of
unconsolidated and consolidated sedimentary rock of predominantly coastal and
marine origin beginning at land surface that unconformably overlie crystalline
rock at depth. Potable water supplies are obtained from the relatively shallow
sedimentary formations. Groundwater occurring at greater depths is undeveloped
due to saline conditions. Groundwater flow associated with the fresh water
aquifers beneath New Hanover County are largely effected by topography, surface
water features. and the geologic structure.
A deep well drilled between Smith ·s Creek and the Northeast Cape Fear River
penetrated I, I 09 feet of sedimentary rock prior to encountering a granite
rock-type associated with the crystalline rock. Other drilling activities in
the county document the crystalline rock as lying at depths as great as 1,540
feet. The crystalline rocks consist of schist, gneiss. granite, and
metamorphosed volcanic rocks, all of which are typical of the rocks exposed at
land surface further to the west in North Carolina's Piedmont Physiographic
Province. The top of the crystalline rock is an erosion surface. Above this
erosional surface a discontinuity in structure occurs. The age of the
crystalline rock is estimated to be from the Precambrian to possibly the
Mississippian.
The sediments that overlie the erosional contact are of late Cretaceous age.
Sediments older than those of the late Cretaceous are absent beneath New
Hanover County, although the sediments of the Tuscaloosa Formation and Lower
Cretaceous Formations are prominent in other Coastal Plain areas of North
Carolina.
The geologic time units represented by the sedimentary rocks of New Hanover
County include. in order of decreasing age. the Ciretaceous System, the Tertiary
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System. and the Quaternary System. Figure 2-3 presents a stratigraphic section
that demonstrates the sequential occurrence of the various formations
associated with these geologic systems.
A geologic structure. known as the Cape Fear Arch. roughly parallels the Cape
Fear River and trends southeast through New Hanover County. The arch is a
broad gentle uplift that is responsible for several geologic phenomena observed
in New Hanover County including the lack of Lower Cretaceous sediments, the
structure of the thick Upper Cretaceous sediments. and the thin veneer of
Tertiary sediments Source (Bain. 1970).
2.3 HYDROLOGY
2.3.1 SURFACE WATER
The Coastal Plain Physiographic Province is characterized by low relief land
forms consisting of rolling sand hills, salt marshes, tidal flats, shallow
sounds. barrier islands/beaches. and narrow inlets of geologically recent age.
Elevations in New Hanover County range from approximately 80 feet above mean
sea level (MSL) at the dune system lying east-southeast of Greenfield Lake to
sea level along the Atlantic Coast. Overall. the land surface slopes slightly
toward the Atlantic Coast. the Cape Fear River. and the Northeast Cape Fear
River. A drainage divide. that generally trends northeast directs surface
water flow to either the Cape Fear and Northeast Cape Fear Rivers, which
discharge to the Atlantic Ocean in south New Hanover County. or directly toward
the Atlantic Ocean through systems of creeks, sounds, and inlets (Figure 2-4).
Other surface water features include small shallow sinkholes formed by the
dissolving of near surface limestone and coquina beds, where present. These
features are most common in the vicinity of the town of Castle Hayne and again,
south of Wilmington.
The higher elevations in New Hanover County represent the locations of "fossil
dunes" or "sand hills" and are generally located from Fort Fisher northward
toward Wilmington, and continue to the Pender County line. These sand hills
represent previous beach sands that have been sifted by the wind to form sand
dunes. Because the process of dune formation tends to result in the sorting
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HYDROGEOLOGIC
SYSTEM SERIES FORMATION THICKNESS CHARACTERISTICS
Quaternary Recent-Pliocene Undifferentiated
Surface DeposHa 20 • 60 Clay, aand, and marl, moderate to high
yield aquifer
Unconformity
Undlflerantlatad Phoaphatlc aanda, allta, clays, and Miocene-
DepoaHa 0 • 70 llmaatonea, Includes aqulcludea and Oligocene low to moderate yield aquifers
Tertiary
Eocene Castle Hayne 0 • 80 Shall, marl, aand and llmeatona, Llmaatona productive aqulfl'r
-------Unconformity
Unconsolidated slH, aand and clay
lntarbedded with conaolldatad Pea Dea -700 calcaraoua aandatona and Impure Formation llmaatona, alH and clay laclea act aa
aqulcludaa, uppermost aandatone la
an aqulfar, lower water bearing zones
Crataceoua ara aallna.
Upper
Cretaceous
Black Creak -380 Sedimentary rock containing Formation aallna water
Unconformity -----------Mlaalnlp-
Unknown Cryatalllna Various types of metamorphic and plan Rock Unknown Igneous rock ?
SOURCE: BAIN, 1970
ARCS IV FIGURE NO.
STRATIGRAPHIC SECTION
NEW HANOVER COUNTY AIRPORT BURN PIT SITE 2-3
WILMINGTON, NORTH CAROLINA
2-9
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· .. \
\ • ' ' , __
~
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I /
-I •
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' 0: -/ I .. ~· • ' I • /
' I
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ARCS IV
PHYSIOGRAPHIC FEATURES
I ll
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NOT TO SCALE
SOURCE: BAIN, 1970
FIGURE NO,
NEW HANOVER COUNTY AIRPORT BURN PIT SITE
WILMINGTON, NORTH CAROLINA
2-4
2-10
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and accumulation of rapidly permeable surficial sand deposits, most of these
areas do not promote overland drainage or sheet runoff (Bain. 1970).
The study area of the New Hanover Site is topographically and hydraulically
bounded by Smith ·s Creek to the south and southwest. small tributaries to the
North East Cape Fear River to the north and northeast, and the North East Cape
Fear River to the west. Essentially. all overland drainage that occurs within
this area is toward the west to the North East Cape Fear River which combines
flow with the Cape Fear River and eventually discharges to the Atlantic Ocean.
From the site. it is approximately 4.800 feet to the nearest topographically
downgradient perennial surface water feature. Smith ·s Creek. From this point.
Smith's Creek meanders to the North East Cape Fear River for an overland
distance of approximately two miles. From the point of its confluence with
Smith's Creek. the North East Cape Fear River flows southward for approximately
two miles and combines with the Cape Fear River. Flow continues southward for
approximately 20 miles until the Cape Fear River discharges to the Atlantic
Ocean.
The intermittent surface water features in the immediate vicinity of site
consist mainly of stormwater ditches that typically terminate in nearby swales
and topographic depressions that apparently lose water through rapid
infiltration and evapotranspiration, as opposed to overland flow to perennial
surface water features. The New Hanover Site is completely surrounded by an
elevated road which forms a berm around the site. Although perimeter ditches
are present on either side of the road. drainage from the site is contained and
either infiltrates or evaporates. There is essentially no offsite surface
water drainage to another surface water body.
2.3.2 GROUNDWATER
The occurrence, movement. and quality of groundwater beneath New Hanover County
is well documented for those aquifers that do not contain saline water. These
aquifers are restricted to the upper portion of the Pee Dee Formation, the
Castle Hayne Limestone. and the two series of undifferentiated deposits.
Figure 2-5 presents a generalized hydrogeologic section across New Hanover
County that includes the subsurface features relevant to potable groundwater
2-11
700/ I 7
- - - - - --- - - - - - - --l!!!!!!!!!I I!!!!! !!!!! z m :E :I: Ci) l> m zZ ogj < )> =E m C -:0 N ~() m zo 0 ~c :I: Oz _z -t -< )> 0 :D z -< :0 0 "° lo 0~ ~ :D )> Ci) < "° -i -:c :0 m 0 "'CJ 0 )> 0 :D r :0 0 0 C -t Ci) z )> -OJ () C :0 CJ) z m () 3! ;j -t 0 ~ z -t m 11:J I 01 ,, i5 C :D m z 0 ' NORTH t ;; WEST .. • ~ ~ so·, ~ t~ :a • > ll "' " Lf~~L, ~ ~ . • .. ,,, ----~ 1''EHITIUll un TUT!Ur 50' 100· 150' SILT 200 250' , E E >w I-1-z in :::, I-Q _ oo.. a: z w a: >:::, 0 ID z I-< a: XO 3: 0. C w a: & z<J I E ! E ~ 0 ~ ~, i < 0 tr 4 ~ -' go C • ·~ :::~ ~-, I l I t·'·'·''·· ~ JVV-IC·C'---::-~ ,, . -.. . C. ~ i·,-:C:-· .· ·. E.'. = ,~ I -.•. _._ : i;.-Rfst-1 . l AO U I C L u D E-l,f . ;~ ~. < • ~m i AND CLAY AOUICLUDE .· ~T I I I -~ .<> "i/::t;r':·-. SOUTH [AST 300' SILT AND CLAY AOUICLUDE 350' 0 2 3 • 5 M,tes vCAfic/&l SCALE GRCATU (XAGG[AA1£0 SOURCE: BAIN, 1970 ~ 0 z 4 "' ► 4 J u
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supplies. The deepest lying geologic unit of significance is the silt and clay
aquiclude that is situated between the uppennost saline aquifer and the
Sandstone Aquifer. all contained in the Pee Dee Formation. This aquiclude is
approximately 150 feet thick and is present throughout New Hanover County. It
is described as an unconsolidated greenish-gray to dark gray clayey sandy silt
containing glauconite. which is responsible for a characteristic "salt and
pepper" appearance. Lying above the silt and clay aquiclude is the Sandstone
Aquifer. the principal fresh-water aquifer in New Hanover County. The
Sandstone Aquifer is. laterally persistent throughout the central and eastern
portions of the county and is approximately 35 feet thick. except in locations
where the unit is truncated by erosional contacts with the undifferentiated
sand deposits. The Sandstone Aquifer generally dips to the southeast at
approximately 14 feet per mile. The aquifer is described as being quartz sand
with calcareous cement.
Lying above the Sandstone Aquifer is a clay aquiclude which marks the top of
the Pee Dee Fonnation in New Hanover County. As a result of erosion on its
upper surface, the clay aquiclude varies in thickness from absent to more than
50 feet. Where present. the clay aquiclude confines the Sandstone Aquifer, and
artesian conditions prevail; where absent. the Sandstone Aquifer is under water
table conditions. The clay aquiclude is typically black and massive. However,
because regional literature suggests that recharge to the Sandstone Aquifer is
through downward migration. and the areas of greatest recharge coincide with
high elevations of the potentiometric surface. the clay aquiclude is likely to
be semi-containing in these high recharge zones.
The Castle Hayne Limestone ranges in thickness from absent to 80 feet; however,
the unit is believed to be absent for some of the northwest portions of New
Hanover County, including the vicinity of the site. Where present, the Castle
Hayne Limestone Fonnation is typically represented by a discontinuous, basal
sandy shell conglomerate occupying channels cut into the Pee Dee Formation.
overlain by a glauconitic shell limestone with interbedded sand. in turn.
overlain by a "cap rock" consisting of a dense. chalk-white siliceous limestone
containing phosphate at its base. The upper-most lithology associated with the
Castle Hayne Limestone is a light-green. glauconitic mixture of shell fragments
2-13
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containing bryozoans. The sandy shell portions of the Castle Hayne Limestone
are the most productive in terms of water supply, however. aquifer yields
depend on the degree to which the permeability has been increased by
solutioning. The sediments of each of the undifferentiated deposits vary
greatly both laterally and vertically. Along the coast. these sediments
include fine-grained deposits that act as an aquiclude and confine the Castle
Hayne Limestone. To the west. the Castle Hayne Limestone, where present,
communicates with the undifferentiated deposits and the aquifer is under water
table conditions. The contact between the undifferentiated deposits and the
underlying formations is erosional and the lower portion of the
undifferentiated deposits may occupy former stream channels and the deposits
may contain reworked materials from underlying formations.
The undifferentiated deposits of late Tertiary age are phosphatic sands, silts,
clays, and phosphatic limestones. In north central New Hanover County, these
Tertiary deposits include an intervening gray to blue dense clay that thickens
from approximately 5 feet to 20 feet eastward.
Small water supplies may be developed from sands within the undifferentiated
Tertiary deposits and moderate supplies from localized occurrences of coquina.
The undifferentiated surface deposits also rest on an erosional contact and
consist of clay .sand, and marl. Although absent in the towns of Wilmington and
Castle Hayne, the deposits are as much as 70 feet thick at other locations. In
the northwestern one-third of New Hanover County. where the Castle Hayne
Limestone if absent, the undifferentiated surface deposits rest unconformably
on the Pee Dee Formation. Within these areas. the deposits typically include a
basal sand, that is coarse and well sorted, occurring from sea level to
approximately 30 feet below mean sea level and occupy channels cut into the Pee
Dee Formation. The coarse sand is overlain by less permeable. finer-grained
sediments, such as silts and clays. At and near land surface, a thin veneer of
sands may be present in the form of terraces. related beach sands, and sand
dunes.
Groundwater in the undifferentiated deposits is under water table conditions
and water table surface approximates topography. Recharge occurs from
2-14
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rainfall, predominantly in the broad areas between streams. It is estimated
that 90 percent of the precipitation effectively recharges the undifferentiated
deposits.
Shallow boring logs are available for the New Hanover County Airport, lying
immediately east of the site. These logs. combined with the information
obtained from regional literature. are used to define a range of hydrogeologic
conditions that may exist beneath the New Hanover County Airport Burn Pit Site.
Figure 2-5 indicates that either the Sandstone Aquifer or the clay aquiclude
could subcrop beneath the undifferentiated deposits at the site. There is
insufficient data to determine whether the clay aquiclude is present beneath
the New Hanover Site.
If the aquiclude is present, the Sandstone Aquifer would be confined; where
· absent, the Sandstone Aquifer and the undifferentiated deposits would be
hydraulically connected and both would be under water table conditions. Given
this uncertainty. it is also possible that the clay aquiclude could pinch out
in the vicinity of the site thus creating a transition near the site from water
table conditions to confined conditions within the Sandstone Aquifer. Under
either condition. the literature indicates that vertical gradient between the
Sandstone Aquifer and the overlying aquifers is upward.
Boring logs to depths up to 73 feet bis are available for the airport. These
borings indicate the presence of predominantly fine-grained sands and silts. to
depths of approximately 25 to 30 feet bis. From approximately 30 to 50 feet
bis. a fine to medium grained sand occurs in most borings that reach these
depths. The log from the deepest boring conducted indicates that a very dense,
gray limestone occurs from 67.5 feet to the total drilled depth of 73.5 feet
bis and is overlain by approximately 15 feet of dark gray silty, fine-grained
sand. Based on this description. the limestone does not appear to be
characteristic of the Castle Hayne Formation which is almost invariably very
light colored and. with the exception of the chalk-white "cap-rock" strata, is
not as well indurated as the limestone reported for the deep airport boring.
It is likely that this limestone is part of the Pee Dee Formation which is
reported lo contain impure limestone lenses within the clay aquiclude portion.
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Twenty-four water level measurements obtained from the open boring report the
static water levels are from 2.5 to 6 feet bis.
2.4 PREVIOUS INVESTIGATIONS
Previous sampling investigations performed at the site include various studies
performed by the North Carolina Department of Human Resources. Division of
Health Services, January 1985, and the New Hanover County Department of
Engineering. May 1986. EPA collected samples in April, 1990. in preparation of
an emergency removal action. This investigation focused primarily on water and
sludges contained in the burn pit and sludge from the supply tank.
2.4.1 GROUNDWATER DATA
Groundwater samples were collected from a well near the site during the 1985
investigation, no contamination was detected. The well is located in a grassy
area located approximately I 00 feet southeast of the site. This well will not
be sampled during this investigation because it is not in use and well
characteristics are unknown. There are essentially no existing groundwater
quality data for this site. Based on the literature, the direction of
groundwater flow appear to be to the west-southwest; however. there are no site
specific data to verify this hypothesis.
2.4.2 SURFACE WATER/SEDIMENT DATA
There are no existing surface water or sediment quality data for the site. As
previously noted, there are no onsite surface waters other than periodic wet
areas. The perimeter drainage ditch is not a surface water feature and does
not flow offsite to other surface waters.
2.4.3 SOIL DATA
Results of analysis of soil samples collected in 1986 are summarized in Table
2-1. lnorganics in the Toxicity Characteristic Leachate Procedure (TCLP)
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Soil
TABLE 2-1
RESULTS OF 1986 BURN PIT SOIL ANALYSES
NEW HANOVER COUNTY AIRPORT BURN PIT SITE
WILMINGTON. NORTH CAROLINA
ARCS IV
Sample Location
I 2 3 4 5 6
Depth 2 in 2 in I in 2 in 3 in 3 in
Organics (ug/kg)
Fluoranthene I 1 I 1.000 3.750 1.500 2.000 ND ND
Pyrene 4.500 1 JfOOO 10.500 12,500 ND ND
Hydrocarbons + + + + + ND
Methr,'ene Chloride 5,473 ND ND ND ND ND
Trich oroethylene 406 ND 262 ND 8 16
lnorganics (mg/kg)
Barium 59 70 74 60 9 10
Chromium 5.0 80 4.0 4.5 2.3 7.0
Lead 133 170 143 174 23 70
I 1 I Fluoranthene found in blank at the detection limit of 30,000 ug/kg. I 2 I Positive.
ND =Not Detected.
+ Positive for presence of petroleum hydrocarbon ions in liquid extract.
2-17
9
12 ft
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
<5
ND
ND
700/ 19
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extract of selected samples were all below the limit of detection and are not
presented herein. A map of approximate sample locations is presented in Figure
2-6. With one exception all samples were collected within three inches of
ground surface. Sample location nine was augered to a depth of 12 feet.
Barium. chromium and lead occurred in the highest concentration for inorganics.
Fluoranthene. pyrene. methylene chloride and trichloroethylene occur in the
greatest concentrations of organics. with concentrations of diethyl-and
dibutyl-phthate occurring at lower levels.
2.4.4 TANK AND BURN PIT CONTENTS
Sludge and liquid samples have been collected from the supply tank and burn
pit. Sludge samples from the burn pit were collected in 1985 for inorganic
analyses; results are presented in Table 2-2. Total lead levels were measured
at 182 mg/kg and total halogens were reported in whole and were measured at 545
mg/kg. In 1986. sludge samples were again collected from the burn pit.
Resulting data is presented in Table 2-3. Several types of organics occurred
at elevated concentrations. Inorganics in TCLP extract of sludge samples were
all below the limit of detection. lnorganics detected at greater
concentrations or frequency include: arsenic, barium. cadmium, chromium and
lead. Figure 2-6 shows the approximate location of samples.
During the most recent sampling in April 1990. waste material from both the
burn pit and the supply tank were analyzed.
Analyses of sludge from the supply tank and burn pit performed by EPA at the
laboratory are presented in Tables 2-4 and 2-5. respectively. Pesticides and
PCBs were not detected in either case. Extractable organics were not detected
in the burn pit sample. Sludge samples were also sent to a CLP laboratory for
TCLP analysis. Resulting data from the analysis could not be verified and was
subsequently are not included in this report.
Water quality data collected from the burn pit in 1990 are presented in Table
2-6. Sample analyses were performed by the Environmental Services Division
(ESD) Laboratory. Several organic and inorganic contaminants were detected.
2-18
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Sludge
TABLE 2-2
RESULTS OF 1985 BURN PIT SLUDGE ANALYSES
NEW HANOVER COUNTY AIRPORT BURN PIT SITE
WILMINGTON. NORTH CAROLINA
ARCS IV
Bum Pit
Inorganics (mg/kg)
Cadmium 0.36
445
2.73
13.6
182
40
Calcium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Magnesium
Nickel
· Phosphorus
Potassium
Zinc
2-20
1.82
28.5
25
58.2
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• TABLE 2-3
RESULTS OF 1986 BURN .PIT SLUDGE ANALYSES
I NEW HANOVER COUNTY AIRPORT BURN PIT SITE
WILMINGTON. NORTH CAROLINA
ARCS IV
I
I Sample Locations
Sludge 7' l l 7' 2) 7( 3) 8( l l 8( 2) 8( 3)
I Units mg/kg mg/kg mg/I mg/kg mg/kg mg/I
I Organics
Anthracene 73 20 114 109 33 114
I Benzene .44 .03 ND ND .15 ND
2-Butanone .35 ND 49.094 ND ND 41,230
Ethyl Benzene .97 1.47 ND 3.43 .32 ND
I Fluorene ND ND 56 45 16 67
Hydrocarbons ( 4) + + + + + +.
2-Methylnaphthalene 35 116.5 62 143 102 92
Naphthalene 12 85 18 66 · 46.5 10
I Pyrene 9 13.5 ND 79.5 I 1.33 ND
Toluene 1.87 .02 ND 2.73 .03 ND
Trichloroethylene ND .38 ND 1.81 .02 ND
I o-Xylene 4.0 38.23 841 16.66 7. 71 ND
Inorganics
I Arsenic 15 9.0 .09 8.4 6.6 .36
Barium 60 120 .4 42 55 .6
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Cadmium 2.5 5.5 ND 2.2 6.0 ND
Chromium 51 104 .23 26 43 . 71
Lead 670 730 2.0 360 1,300 17.8
Mercury ND .5 ND ND I. I ND
I Selenium ND ND .05 ND ND ND
Silver ND ND .05 ND ND ND
I ( l l Sample from top sludge layer. ( 2)
( 3) Sample from bottom sludge layer.
( 4) Sample from liquid layer under crust.
I All values approximate.
ND = Not Detected.
NA = Not Ana~zed. ·
I
+ Positive or presence of petroleum hydrocarbon ions in liquid extract.
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TABLE 2-4
RESULTS OF 1990 TANK SLUDGE ANALYSES
NEW HANOVER COUNTY AIRPORT BURN PIT SITE
WILMINGTON. NORTH CAROLINA
Tank Sludge
Purgeable Organics (mg/kg)
Toluene
m-and/or p-Xylene
o-Xylene
Trimethylbenzene
Petroleum Product
Extractable Organics (mg/kg)
Napthalene
2-Methylnaphthalene
Fluorene
Phenanthrene
(Dimethylpropyl)benzene
1-Methylnaphthalene
Ethenylnaphthalene
Dimethylnaphthalene
Trimethylnaphthalene
Propenylnaphthalene
Methylphenanthrene
Dimethylphenanthrene
Trimethylphenanthrene
Petroleum Product
Inorganics (mg/kg)
Aluminum
Arsenic
Barium
Cadmium
Calcium
Chromium
Cobalt
Copper
ARCS IV
2-22
TS-01
100 I 1 I
600 11 I 26 111
300 111 I 21
+ 12 I
680 I 11
4,200 111
340 111 700 1111 2 I 300 3,000 111121
I.OOO I 1 I I 21
20,000 1111 2 I
10.000 111121
2,000 11 I I 2 I
I 1 I I 2 I 3.000 11 I I 2 I 3,ooo 111121
200 I 21
180
3.3
450
0.54
800
8.5
1.2
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Tank Sludge
lnorganics (mg/kg)
Iron
Lead
Magnesium
Manganese
Mercury
Molybdenum
Nickel
Sodium
Strontium
Tin
.Titanium
Vanadium
Zinc
Estimated value.
TABLE 2-4
( continued)
(continued)
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+
Presumptive evidence of presence of material.
No value assigned.
2-23
TS-01
3.400
860
130
53
0.10
1.4
3.8
940
7.8
2.9
15
12
180
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TABLE 2-5
RESULTS OF 1990 BURN PIT SLUDGE ANALYSES
NEW HANOVER COUNTY AIRPORT BURN PIT SITE
WILMINGTON. NORTH CAROLINA
Burn Pit Sludge
Purgeable Organics (mg/kg)
Ethylbenzene
M-and/or P-Xylene
Trimethylbenzene
Ethylmethylbenzene
Petroleum Product
lnogranics (mg/kg)
Aluminum
Arsenic
Barium
Cadmium
Calcium
Chromium
Cobalt
Copper
Iron
Lead
Magnesium
Manganese
Mercury
Molybdenum
Nickel
Sodium
Strontium
Tin
Vanadium
Zinc
ARCS IV
<
1 1 Estimated value. ( 2) Presumptive evidence of presence of material. + No value assigned.
2-24
SD-01
45 ( 11
47 ( 11
900(l)(>I
LOO ( 1 I ( 2 I
+(2)
1,500
6.8
520
3.2
5,400
25
3.0
120
12,000
540
420
170
0.10
8.6
I I
110
33
9.2
18
310
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TABLE 2-6
RESULTS OF 1990 BURN PIT WATER ANALYSES
NEW HANOVER COUNTY AIRPORT BURN PIT SITE
WILMINGTON. NORTH CAROLINA
Surface Water
Purgeable Organics
Trichloroethene
Extractable Organics
Hexadecanoic Acid
Methylheptadecanoic Acid
· Petroleum Product
Inorganics
Aluminum
Arsenic
Barium
Calcium
Iron
Lead
Manganese
Ma~nesium
Sodium
Stronlium
Zinc
Miscellaneous
BOD151 COD
Estimated value.
ARCS IV
I 1 I
I 2 I
+
Presumptive evidence of presence of material.
No value assigned.
2-25
SW-0 I (ug/L)
0.66 I 1 I
IOO I 1 I I 2 I
50 111121 + I 2 I
190
44
260
8.700
35.000
180
550
1.800
26,000
36
20
17 mg/I
510 mg/I
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2.5 PROJECT OBJECTIVES
The project objectives are to fill data gaps determined in the work plan and to
develop a cost-effective remediation plan. Specifically. the remedial
investigation will:
2.6
o Provide the data required to determine the extent of soil contamination.
o Collect the data necessary to determine whether groundwater
contamination exists and to determine the extent of such contamination.
o Provide data to determine local groundwater quality and aquifer
characteristics
o Provide information on the types of pollutants involved so that a risk
assessment can be conducted and treatability studies can be performed.
o Provide information reg_uired to perform the feasibility study and select
the best possible remedial alternative.
PROJECT SCHEDULE
Total project duration is expected to last approximately 11 months from receipt
of work assignment. A detailed schedule of activities for the Rl/FS is
presented in Section 6.0 of the Work Plan.
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3.0 PROJECT ORGANIZATION AND RESPONSIBILITY
3.1 PROJECT ORGANIZATION
The project organization for the New Hanover Site RI/FS is depicted in Figure
3-1. For the most part. project control is centered around the CDM project
manager. This organizational structure acts as a control mechanism to:
o Identify appropriate lines of communication and coordination
o Monitor overall project quality control, budgets, and schedules
o Oversee and manage technical resources
o Monitor health and safety of personnel
The following is a list of the personnel assigned to this project and their
areas of responsibility:
Name
Richard C. Johnson. Sr.
Abel B. Dunning
Mary Leslie
Role
Program Manager
Finance and Administration Manager
Project Manager
Health and Safety Manager Nelson D. Lan~ub
Patricia V. Billig
Gilda A. Knowles
John H. Sulima
Endangered Species Assessment Specialist
Community Relations Coordinator
J. Thomas Duffey
Joseph M. Claypoole
Leslie J. Blythe
Program Manager
Field Operations Manager
Field Technical Director
Onsite Coordinator
Feasibility Study Coordinator
The ARCS Region IV program manager (PM). Richard C. Johnson, Sr., is
responsible for the overall technical and administrative performance of the
ARCS contract. Mr. Johnson will assign resources in support of all technical
work products and has final sign-off responsibility on all technical and cost
documents. He will work directly with CDM ARCS support staff to arrange and
ensure critical quality assurance activities and will work to facilitate
project implementation.
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U.S. EPA REGION IV
Douglas Thompson
Project Officer
U.S. EPA REGION IV COM
Steven M. Sandler Richard C. Johnson, Sr.
Remedial Pro/eel Manager Program Manager
COM COM -Prolect Support Mary Leslie
Finance & Administration Pro/eel Manager
Hes/th & Safety
Community Relations
Endangered Spec/ea Survey
I
COM COM
El@ld Operatjona Eeaalbllltx study
Field Operat/Ot18 Manager Feaslb/1/ty Study
John H. Sulima Coordinator
Field Technlc,,1 Director Leslie J. Blytt,e
J. Thomas Duffey
Onalt• Coordinator
Joseph M. Claypoole
SUBCONTRACTORS
Drllllng
Surveying
Analytical Laboratory
Security
ARCS IV FIGURE NO.
PROJECT ORGANIZATION
NEW HANOVER COUNTY AIRPORT BURN PIT SITE 3-1
WILMINGTON, NORTH CAROLINA
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Finance and Administration Manager
The finance and administration manager (FAM). Abel B. Dunning, will be
responsible for adherence to all contract requirements. procurement and
subcontracting in accordance with Federal Acquisition Regulations (FAR),
preparation and presentation of financial reports. project invoicing, and all
contract accounting. Additionally, Mr. Dunning is responsible for monitoring
the financial aspects. maintaining the management information system budgets
and schedules, controlling and monitoring the use of subcontracts, and
controlling and monitoring the use of all government-owned property for this
work assignment.
Project Manager
The project manager (PM), Mary Leslie. is responsible for day-to-day work
assignment management. including staffing. schedule, and costs. Ms. Leslie
will work closely with the EPA regional project manager (RPM). Mr. Steven M.
Sandler. to ensure timely completion of project activities. Ms. Leslie will
work closely with the field operations manager, the health and safety manager,
project specialists. and the quality assurance manager to assure that all
aspects of the project proceed as planned. In addition. Ms. Leslie will guide
design efforts during the preliminary. intermediate and prefinal/final design
phases of the work assignment.
Health and Safety Manager
The project health and safety manager (HSM). Nelson D. Langub, is responsible
for preparing and implementing the site-specific CDM health and safety plan.
and coordinating day-to-day health and safety matters pertinent to this
project.
Endangered Species Assessment Specialist
The endangered species assessment specialist, Patricia V. Billig. is
responsible for preparing an endangered species survey for various plant and
animal life at and in the vicinity of the site.
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Community Relations Coordinator
The community relations coordinator. Gilda A. Knowles. is responsible for
preparing the Rl/FS Community Relations Plan (CRP) and for preparing fact
sheets for distribution to the public during the RI/FS. A public meeting may
also be necessary during the Rl/FS.
Feasibility Study Coordinator
The feasibility study coordinator. Leslie J. Blythe. is responsible for
implementing the feasibility study tasks in accordance with the work plan.
Field Operations Manager
The field operations manager (FOM). John H. Sulima, is responsible for the
technical and financial management. scheduling, and overall coordination of all
field activities during the RI. Mr. Sulima will provide day-to-day technical
coordination between the project manager and the onsite coordinator. Tom
Duffey will be the field technical director for this project. As such, he will
work closely with the FOM and onsite coordinator to ensure proper technical
execution of the remedial investigation as described herein and participate in
determination of monitor well placement. Mr. Duffey will be available on an as
needed basis to pa11icipate in all phases of the RI.
Onsite Coordinator
The onsite coordinator (OSC), Joseph M. Claypoole, is responsible for
day-to-day operations at the site during the RI. He is directly responsible
for controlling site access, maintaining logs of personnel entering the site,
coordinating determination of the exact locations for sampling activities and
well installation. and ensuring that field operations are conducted in a timely
manner and in accordance with the SAP. Mr. Claypoole is also responsible for
making sure that all field operations are conducted in accordance with specific
quality assurance procedures. and directing and overseeing other field
personnel and subcontractors.
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3.2 QUALITY ASSURANCE ORGANIZATION
CDM"s organization of the QA program for ARCS Region IV is designed to ensure
that appropriate QA/QC procedures are implemented during all stages of this
work assignment. The ARCS Region IV quality assurance organization and
responsibilities are discussed in detail in Sections 2.0 and 3.0 of the ARCS
Quality Assurance Management Plan (Document Control No. 7740-999-QA-BBCL). A
quality assurance organization chart appears as Figure 3-2.
Quality Assurance Director
The quality assurance director (QAD), RoseMary Ellersick. is responsible for
all aspects of the ARCS Quality Assurance Program Plan. Responsibilities
include approving quality assurance procedures, conducting system and
performance audits, and ensuring that quality assurance personnel are trained.
Ms. Ellersick will provide guidance and direction to the project QA manager and
team firm QA coordinators, and will interface with EPA on quality assurance
matters.
Quality Assurance Manager
The quality assurance manager (QAM). William H. McKenzie, Jr.. is responsible
for all procedures and tasks pertaining to quality assurance for this work
assignment, and reports directly to the QAD. Mr. McKenzie will monitor project
activity to verify compliance with quality assurance plans, review appropriate
sections of the work plan for approval. provide quality assurance on all
technical document deliverables for this project. and assist the QAD in
conducting system audits.
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OFFICE OF CHAIRMAN
R.C. Marini
T.D. Furman
CHIEF TECHNICAL
OFFICER
A.W. Saarlnen
QA DIRECTOR
R.M. Ellerslck
<'" . . . :,,,x_ ,:::~: .. : .. '"..-i, ,,~. :: ...... ,,:-:-.• ,, . ,,:<::::::~,::• .
ARCS IV QA MANAGER
W.H. McKenzie
" ':•, '· t ,.:.. <M .
TEAM FIRM QA COORDINATORS
S&ME, Inc. Project Management Associates, Inc.
Lee Wan & Associates, Inc. ICAIR/Llfe Systems, Inc.
C.C. Johnson & Malhotra Chiles Communications, Inc.
--..««!-·<«:::::i:'.::::::0-;-:,:,--,,,~:~,~-::i:::t , ... '❖ .,., .. •:,: .:::$::<::,;_·-.:.,,-•:!:',. :~:-;;«:• '• . . ·,;.._, , .. , ..• ,-.):f<"''i ••••:•_:, •,,•,,,W~.~--
ARCS IV FIGURE NO.
ARCS REGION IV QA ORGANIZATION
NEW HANOVER COUNTY AIRPORT BURN PIT SITE 3-2
WILMINGTON, NORTH CAROLINA
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4.0 QUALITY ASSURANCE OBJECTIVES
Quality assurance objectives for data measurement are usually expressed in
terms of accuracy. precision. completeness. representativeness and
comparability. Definitions of these characteristics are as follows:
o Accuracy -the degree of agreement of a measurement ( or an average of
measurements of the same thing). with an accepted reference or true
value, T, usually expressed as the difference between the two values,
X-T. or the difference as a percentage of the reference or true value.
100 (X-T)/T, and sometimes expressed as a ratio, X/T. Accuracy is a
measure of the bias in a system.
o Precision -a measure of mutual agreement among individual measurements
of the same property, usually under prescribed similar conditions.
Precision is best expressed in terms of the standard deviation. Various
measures of precision exist depending upon the "prescribed similar
conditions".
o Completeness -a measure of the amount of valid data obtained from a
measurement system compared to the amount that was expected to be
obtained under correct normal conditions.
o Representativeness -expresses the degree to which data accurately and
precisely represent a characteristic of a population, parameter
variations at a sampling point. a process condition. or an environmental
condition.
o Comparability -expresses the confidence with which one data set can be
compared to another.
To ensure that reliable data continue to be produced, systematic checks
must show that test results remain reproducible and that the methodology is
actually measuring the quantity in each sample. Quality assurance must
begin with sample collection and not end until the resulting data have been
reported.
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5.0 FIELD OPERATIONS
5.1 GENERAL
The field investigation of the New Hanover Site under this work assignment will
be conducted to provide data necessary to document the presence of contaminants
onsite. and to determine the extent of offsite migration. if any. as a basis
for the risk assessment and feasibility study to follow. All samples will be
analyzed by subcontracted onsite and/or offsite laboratories adhering to
current EPA laboratory protocol. Subcontracted laboratories under this work
assignment are not required to be involved in EPA ·s Contractor Laboratory
Program (CLP). However, use of the CLP is required to satisfy the mandated
quality assurance objectives. Generally. the sample collection procedures and
protocols described herein will be used for all samples collected. Any
modifications or changes to established EPA protocol will be documented before
the actual field work begins or in the field logbook. if the change is made in
the field.
5.1.1 DATA QUALITY OBJECTIVES
Data Quality Objectives (DQOs) are based on the concept that different data
uses may require different data quality. The four categories of data quality
include:
o Screenin~ (DQO Level I). which provides the lowest data quality but the
most rapid results, and is used for purposes of site health and safety
monitoring, and initial site characterization to define areas for
further study.
o Field Analyses (DQO Level 2). which provides rapid results but better
quality data. Analyses include some generated data from onsite
laboratories. ·
o Engineering (DQO Level 3). which provides an intermediate level of data
quality and may be used for site characterization. risk assessment. and
engineering design development. Engineering analyses may include onsite
lab generated data and standard commercial laboratory analyses without
full CLP documentation.
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o Confirmational (DQO Level 4), which provides the highest level of data
quality and is used for purposes of risk assessment, engineering design,
and cost recovery documentation. Confirmational analyses require full
CLP analytical and data validation procedures.
For the New Hanover Site Rl/FS, DQOs have been established to meet
investigative data needs. The HNu photoionization detector will be utilized in
the field program for site health and safety monitoring. These measurements
are considered DQO Level I. Data classified as DQO Level 2 are not anticipated
for this site.
DQO Level 3 will be provided by the onsite laboratory. An off site
subcontracted laboratory will perform grain size analysis and total organic
carbon analysis of soil samples. If requested. the subcontract document and
laboratory QA/QC plan will be submitted to EPA for technical review prior to
subcontract award performance of the analytical work. The onsite .laboratory
will adhere to EPA analytical procedures and perform analyses of QA sample from
EPA ESD to ensure data quality.
DQO Level 4 is anticipated for this project as a means of monitoring the
quality of data generated by the subcontracted laboratory. DQO Level 4 data
will be held to a minimum. DQO Level 4 is anticipated to be generated by the
ESD laboratory located in Athens, Georgia, due to the low volume of samples.
However, these samples may be submitted to a CLP laboratory at EPA's request.
5.1.2 FIELD QUALITY PLANNING
A planning session will be held before field activities commence. The meeting
will be commensurate in scope and detail with the field activities. At a
minimum, the project manager. the onsite coordinator, and the field staff. A
QA staff member may also attend.
The purposes of the meeting are to discuss and clarify:
o Objectives of the field work
o Equipment and training needs
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o Field operating procedures
o Required QC measures
o Documents governing field work which must be onsite
The types of documents governing field work which must be onsite and available
to the field crew include, but are not limited to: the CDM Health and Safety
Assurance Manual and the site-specific Health and Safety Plan; the site-
specific CDM ARCS Sampling and Analysis Plan; the EPA Region IV Standard
Operating Procedures and Quality Assurance Manual; full text of measurement
procedures and/or sample collection procedures to be used; and full text of
operating. calibration and maintenance procedures for equipment to be used.
Personnel responsibilities are as follows.
o The project manager is responsible for:
-scheduling the planning section
preparing and/or obtaining the documents governing field work
implementing recommendations of the planning session
o The onsite coordinator is responsible for:
-any responsibilities delegated by the project manager
attendin& the planning session
-maintaining onsite hard copy of the documents governing actual field
work in progress
-requiring field crew to comply with governing documents
All members of the field team will be required to carefully review and
understand the information presented in this SAP.
5.1.3 DATA COLLECTION
All sample collection, preservation, and chain-of-custody procedures used
during this investigation will be in accordance with the standard operating
procedures specified in Sections 3, 4. and 6 of the Engineering Support Branch
Standard Operating Procedures and Quality Assurance Manual; United States
Environmental Protection Agency, Region IV. Environmental Services Division,
April I, 1986, and subsequent revisions. The only exception to this will
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concern preservation of samples collected for immediate analysis by the onsite
laboratory. Samples collected for extractable and volatile organic analysis
will be chilled only; samples for metal analyses will be preserved according to
the SOP.
All laboratory analyses used during this investigation will be in accordance
with standard EPA methods with the exception of select quality control samples
that will require full CLP documentation. The quality assurance procedures
used will be those as specified in the Analytical Support Branch Operations and
Quality Assurance Manual; United States Environmental Protection Agency, Region
IV, Environmental Services Division. June I. 1985.
The major data collection tasks will include the following:
o Site survey
o Soil sample collection during drilling
o Source area soil sample collection
o Temporary piezometer installation and sampling
o Permanent monitor well installation and sampling
o Water level measurements and aquifer tests
5.1.4 FIELD QUALITY ASSURANCE SAMPLES
As part of the routine sample collection and analyses, quality assurance
samples will be prepared to monitor the performance of the onsite laboratory.
In addition, QA samples will be requested by ESD for submission to the onsite
laboratory for analysis. These field QA samples are specifically applied to
DQO Level 3 analyses only.
Blank Samples
Blank samples will be requested from EPA on a weekly basis for each week in
which samples are collected and submitted to the onsite laboratory. Blank
samples will be submitted for each environmental matrix (liquid or solid)
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represented during the subject week of sample collection. The blanks will be
analyzed for PAHs, VOCs, and inorganics. However, because of the difficulty in
preparation, blanks of solid environmental media for inorganic analyses will
not be performed.
Spiked Samples
Spiked samples will be requested from EPA on a weekly basis for each week in
which includes sample collection and analyses by the onsite laboratory. Spiked
samples will be submitted for each environmental matrix (liquid or solid)
represented during the subject week of sample collection. The spiked samples
will be analyzed for the PAHs.
Split Samples
Approximately IO percent of all soil and groundwater samples will be collected
in duplicate and split between the onsite laboratory and the designated CLP
laboratory or the ESD laboratory in Athens, Georgia. The onsite laboratory
will adhere to the routine documentation requirements applicable to DQO Level 3
data. Data generated on the split sample by the EPA/CLP will require DQO
Level 4 documentation. Generally, split samples will be collected to represent
approximately IO percent of the following sample collection and analytical
variations.
o Sediment samples collected from drainage ditches
o Soil samples collected by hand augering
o Soil samples collected by split-spoon samples
Split samples will be analyzed for PAHs, VOCs, and metals. All groundwater
samples will be sent to ESD/CLP for analysis.
Equipment Rinsate
Equipment rinsate samples will be collected to represent each variation in
sample collection equipment as necessary for each environmental matrix. DQO
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Level 3 data only will be required for rinsate samples. These samples will be
analyzed for the. PAHs. VOCs, arsenic. lead. and mercury .. Equipment rinsate
samples will be collected from the following sources.
o Drilling Equipment -split-spoon samplers and hollow-stem augers
o Groundwater Sample Collection Equipment -bailers
o Soil/Sediment Equipment -glass bowls, augers. and stainless steel
spoons
Each of the three categories listed above that require rinsate samples will be
composited to represent a single equipment set based on category (i.e.,
split-spoon samples and hollow-stem auger rinsate will consist of one sample).
A total of four equipment rinsate samples will be collected and submitted to
ESD/CLP for analysis.
Sample collection will be performed over two discrete weeks.
5.1.5 SITE SECURITY
The objectives of site security during the field investigation are as follows:
o Maintain the existing level of security pertaining to site
ingress/egress ·
o Prevent vandalism and/or theft of field investigation equipment
There is no existing security at the site. There are no fences or gates to
control access to site. During off-hours, a subcontracted security firm will
patrol the equipment locations and points of ingress/egress. Any persons
attempting to enter the site will be requested to sign in and state his or her
purpose, date and time of arrival and departure. No unauthorized persons will
be allowed onsite during the field investigation without prior approval from
the County or EPA. Corrective measures for unauthorized entry will be referred
to the onsite coordinator and the EPA RPM.
5.1.6 POTABLE WATER SUPPLY
Potable water needed during field investigations at hazardous waste sites is
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typically supplied via the local city water system or a nearby fire hydrant.
There are fire hydrants near the site, however; they are disconnected from the
local water supply system. If possible, COM will have the closest hydrant
reconnected to the system. If this is not possible. water will be brought in
by truck and stored onsile in a portable storage tank.
5. I. 7 HEAL TH AND SAFETY OBJECTIVES
Health and safety procedures will be implemented during scheduled field
activities as specified in this report. Specific criteria used to develop the
Health and Safety (H&S) Plan are based upon guidelines provided by the
following documents:
o NIOSH/OSHA Occupational Health Guidelines for Chemical Hazards,
A.O. Little, Inc .. January 1981
o Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials, Sax, 1979
o Toxic and Hazardous Industrial Chemicals Safety Manual, The
lntemal10nal I echmcal lnlormat1on lnslltute, 19 /9
o American National Standard Practices for Respiratory Protection,
288.2-180, May 22, 1980
o Respiratoz Protection: A Manual and Guideline, American Industrial
Hygiene ssociallon. 1st ed1t10n, 1980
o NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards, NIOSH, September 1985
o Threshold Limit Values and Biological Exposure Indices for 1989-90,
American Conference of Government Industrial Hygienists, 1989
o Standard Operating Safety Guidelines. USEPA. Environmental Response
Branch. Hazardous Response Support Division, Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, 1984
o OSHA Safety and Health Standards 29 CFR 1910 (General Indust~;>• U.S.
Department of Labor, Occupat10nal, and Health Admm1strat1on, I 83
o OSHA 29 CFR 1910. 120 Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response;
Interim Fmal Rule, 0 .S. Department of Labor. Occupational Safety and
Health Admm1stration, December, 1986
The levels of personnel protection specified in the H&S plan. required
protective clothing, levels of respiratory protection, and ambient air
monitoring. are all in conformance with the COM ARCS Health and Safety
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Assurance Manual and appropriate federal regulations. Specific H&S procedures
governing this investigation are described in detail in the H&S plan.
5.1.8 EQUIPMENT DECONTAMINATION
Decontamination procedures will be performed at a central location onsite.
decontamination area will be selected on the basis of the following criteria:
o Accessibility to heavy equipment
o Location of water supply
o Fate of water and soap solutions used during decontamination
The
The following decontamination procedure will be used for all non-plastic
equipment that may potentially contact the environmental media to. be sampled.
Examples of such equipment include sample collection devices constructed of
stainless steel, such as hailers. spoons and augers, glass bowls, downhole
drilling equipment, circulation pits. etc.
I. Remove gross contamination and particulates by brushing with a potable
water/phosphate-free laboratory ~rade soap solution. Heavy equipment
(drill rigs. tools backhoe, etc.) will also be steam cleaned or cleaned
with a high-pressure washer.
2. Rinse thoroughly using potable water.
3. Inspect thoroughly for visible particulates and/or contamination.
Repeat steps I and 2, if necessary.
4. Rinse twice with pesticide grade isopropyl alcohol and allow to air dry.
5. Rinse twice with analyte-free water (stored in a glass or stainless
steel container) and allow to ai_r dry.
6. Wrap equipment with aluminum foil to prevent contamination during
transport and storage. Polyethylene sheeting may be used for large
items such as drill pipe.
Sensitive and/or plastic equipment. if used, will be subject to the procedure
described above with the exception of step 4.
All downhole drilling equipment and other drilling equipment that will be used
directly over the boreholes will be sandblasted at the site prior to arriving
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at the site. Sandblasting will also be required for the backhoe bucket and
interior of the cement mixer to be used in the collection and preparation of
soil samples for the treatability study.
Aqueous decontamination solutions. analyte-free water. soil. mud and debris
removed during step I will be disposed of onsite. The pesticide-grade
isopropanol will be collected and allowed to evaporate. Spent decontamination
solutions will not be allowed to flow offsite. A work assignment amendment
will be required if additional investigation derived waste disposal procedures
are required.
5.1.9 FIELD LOGBOOK ENTRY PROCEDURES
The field logbook is a Controlled Evidentiary Document and will be maintained
accordingly. Logbooks will be available from the onsite coordinator.
Field logbooks provide a means for recording all data collection activities
performed at a site. Entries will be as descriptive and detailed as possible,
so that a particular situation could be reconstructed without reliance on the
collector"s memory.
All measurements made and a detailed description of each sample collected are
recorded. All logbook entries will be made with indelible ink and legibly
written. The language will be factual and objective. No erasures are
permitted. If an incorrect entry is made. the data will be crossed out with a
single strike mark, initialed, and dated. Entries will be organized into
tables whenever possible.
The following guidelines will be implemented for all logbooks:
o Each page will be signed, dated. and numbered
o Blank pages will be marked as such
o Each entry will be identified with the time (24-hour clock)
o Logbooks will be returned to the onsite coordinator upon completion.
during periods of absence, and at the end of the investigation
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o At the beginning of each entry. the following information is recorded:
the date. start time. weather. all field personnel present. level of
personal protection in use on site, and the signatures of the person
making the entry
o In addition to sample description information. the log book should also
contain full equipment data including field equipment used, serial
numbers, calibration information and pertinent observations
Documentation for samples collected will include the following at a minimum.
o Description of sample location
o Names of samplers
o Time and date of sample collection
o Intended analyses, containers. and preservatives
o CLP Traffic Report sample numbers. if applicable
o Laboratory destination
o Sample tag numbers
o Pertinent observations
o Instructions concerning the order of sample analysis, if applicable
In addition, photographs of each sample collection point will be recorded. At
the time of sample packaging and shipment, the shipper's airbill number and
chain-of-custody number will be recorded in the field logbook.
5.1.10 SAMPLE CONTAINERS, PRESERVATION AND HOLDING TIMES
For planning purposes and documenting the required considerations associated
with sample containers, preservation and holding times. the sample media are
placed in the following categories.
o Aqueous Environmental Media -Groundwater and aqueous quality assurance
samples.
o Solid Environmental Media -Sediment, soil and solid quality assurance
samples.
Provided on Table 5-1 is a comprehensive listing of the considerations,
according to the analyses to be performed. required for each of these
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TABLE 5-l
SAMPLE CONTAINERS. PRESERVATIVES AND HOLDING TIMES
NEW HANOVER COUNTY AJRPORT BURN PIT SITE
WILMINGTON. NORTH CAROLINA
MEDIA TYPE
Aqueous Environmental
Aqueous Environmental
Aqueous Environmental
Solid Environmental
Solid Environmental
Solid Environmental
Solid Environmental
Sludge ( 4 )
ANALYSES
PAHS
Volatile organic compounds
Metals
PAHs
Volatile organic compounds
Metals
Minteq
TCLP
ARCS IV
CONTAINERS
2-1 L amber glass with tetlon
lined black phenolic lid
3-40 ml glass vials with open
top, tetlon lined septum
1-250 ml polyethylene
1-250 ml amber glass, wide
mouth, tetlon lined black
phenolic lid
1-120 ml glass vial wir.h open
top, tetlon Lined septum
1-125 ml polyethylene,
wide mouthed
1-250 ml amber glass, wide
mouth, tetlon lined black
phenolic lid
~ i; l week for extraction. 40 days to analyze extract.
(3) Mercury has a holding time of 28 days.
( 4 ) A total of two sample containers will be required for each liquid waste and each sludge sample.
Sludge samples for treatability study testing may be collected during lhe RI and held for analysis.
PRESERVATIVE
Cool to 4°C
4 drops cone. HO
HCL, cool to 4°C
50% Nitric Acid
pH < 2
Cool to 4°C
Cool to 4°C
Cool to 4°C
Cool to 4°C
-- -- -
MAXIMUM
HOLDING TIMES
47 days Ill
14 days
6 momh/ 2)
As soon as
possible
As soon as
possible
As soon as
possible
As soon as
possible
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categories. The table is based on the Engineering Support Branch Standard
Operating Procedures and Quality Assurance Manual, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency. Region IV, Environmental Services Division. Athens. Georgia.
April I, 1986; and "Samples Collected for Purgeable (Volatile) Organic Compound
Analyses (VOAs)" Memorandum from M.D. Lair, Chief, August 29, 1989.
5.2 SOIL SAMPLING
5.2.1 OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE
Soil samples will be collected manually. with portable augering equipment, and
with a drilling rig for the purpose of defining the presence and extent of
contamination. Whereas the estimated depth to the water table at the site is
five feet, surficial samples and shallow exploratory borings can be used to
delineate the extent of vadose zone contamination.
Selected soil samples collected as described in this section will be analyzed
by field organic vapor screening. onsite laboratory analyses, and/or offsite
CLP laboratory. as specified herein. Surficial samples may be collected with
stainless steel spoons. Deeper soil sample borings may be drilled with a hand
auger or powered augering equipment, however, samples will be collected at
discrete depth intervals with stainless steel augers or other appropriate
equipment.
Soil background concentrations shall be defined by evaluating the results of
analyses of three site background samples to be analyzed by the onsite
laboratory. Background concentrations for each group of constituents of
concern will be established based on the results. One of the background
samples will be split and sent to ESD/CLP for confirmation.
Background samples will be com posits from 0-I' depth at each of the three
locations. Background samples will be analyzed for PAHs. VOCs, As and Pb in
the onsite laboratory and for total organic carbon (TOC) and grain size by a
local laboratory or through the drilling subcontractor.
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Manual soil sampling locations will be focused on the following potential
source areas: background sample areas, hum pit, two soil staining areas
related to the bum pit (northeast and west). three firefighter training areas
(tank car. auto and aircraft), bum fuel supply pipeline. the area around the
burn fuel storage tank and perimeter site ditches. Sampling locations and
depths will generally follow an established sequence beginning by conducting
surficial sampling at approximately three initial locations within the
potential source area. If any of these sample results indicate contamination
above the established background concentrations, hand auger borings will be
advanced to the depth of the water table. assumed to be 4-5 feet below land
surface. Samples for analyses will be collected from the following intervals:
0-1 foot (surface), 1-2 feet, 2-4 feet. and finally one sample at the water
table. Samples will be taken to the onsite laboratory for analyses. Analyses
will be conducted in depth sequence, and deeper samples will be analyzed only
if the previous sample contained contamination above the established background
concentrations. Perimeter surficial samples taken 5 to IO feet away from the
source area samples will be taken if the source area results indicate
contamination.
If significant contamination above background is found in the source area
borings or in the perimeter surficial samples. perimeter borings will be
augered and sampled to the depth of the water table. Again, analyses will be
conducted in depth sequence and discontinued upon reaching a "clean" depth.
As previously stated, the overall strategy is to collect soil samples from the
surface to depth vertically and horizontally until clean samples are obtained.
Although for planning and budgeting purposes, we must assume that all samples
collected from each depth will be analyzed for all parameters. In fact. the
following procedure will be used to focus the investigation and to minimize
time and costs. In each area of suspected contamination, the dirtiest possible
sample will be collected and analyzed for all parameters of concern. If the
results of analyses indicate the presence of all contaminants. then subsequent
soil samples collected from that area will be analyzed for all parameters. If,
however. the initial analyses indicate the presence of only metals or PAHs,
then subsequent samples will be analyzed for only metals or PAHs. In any
5-13
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event, all "clean" samples will be analyzed for all parameters. This procedure
will be used for soil samples at all of the designated areas.
For budgeting level of effort and expenses, this plan assumes that at each of
the three bum training structures (aircraft. auto, and tank car) and the fuel
supply tank, three hand auger borings will extend to the water table. An
average of three samples ( 1-2 feet, 2-4 feet, and at the water table) from each
of these borings (nine samples per site x four sites = 36) will be analyzed by
the onsite laboratory. Additionally, up to nine surficial samples (including
0-1' at each hand auger location) at each of the four sites will be analyzed
(nine samples per site x four sites = 36). Sampling locations of training and
fuel supply tank area samples are shown in Figure 5-1. Ten percent of all soil
samples will be split with a CLP/ESD laboratory.
If contamination is detected in the last hand augered sample at the water
table, then a drilling rig will be used to collect two additional samples below
the water table; one from the seven to ten foot interval and one from the ten
to 15 foot interval. For purposes of budgeting, it has been assumed that two
additional borings will be needed at each of these four sites for a total of
four additional samples per site (16 samples).
Up to 13 borings will be hand augered to the water table around the bum pit
and the two adjacent stained soil areas ( 13 locations x three samples/locations
= 39). Additionally, up to 33 surface soil samples (0 -I' depth) will be
analyzed in these areas. No samples will be taken from within the bum pit,
since waste characterization data already exist for the pit (aqueous and solid
phase) contents. Approximate locations of proposed borings and surface samples
are shown in Figure 5-1. In addition, three deep borings are planned at the
bum pit (six samples) and one deep boring each from the stained areas (two
samples each). Fewer adjacent borings may be drilled if vadose contamination
is not found in this area. However, three borings will be advanced beneath the
bum pit area regardless of shallow conditions due to the importance of this
source.
5-14
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- - - - - - - - - - - - -
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LEGEND
♦ ----PIPELINE
------BERM/ROAD y-------
II
\\ 0 SURFICIAL SOIL SAMPLE
• HAND AUGER AND SURFACE SOIL
SAMPLING LOCATION
• DITCH SEDIMENT SAMPLE
□ CULVERT SAMPLE
♦ BACKGROUND SAMPLING LOCATION
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Approximately 1,400 linear feet of underground pipeline is believed to connect
the fuel supply tank with each of the training areas. CDM will use an EM-31 to
locate and stake the pipeline locations. Once marked, a "Ditch Witch" or
equivalent power trencher will be used to dig a continuous trench along one
side of the buried pipeline for the entire pipeline length. The pipeline will
be visually inspected for leaks and/or areas of stained soils. Field OVA
screening will be conducted to confirm visual observation. Suspect samples
will be collected for screening from the 1-2 foot depth interval from the
trench sidewalls (since the pipeline is reportedly buried approximately I foot
deep). Samples registering measurable vapor concentrations will be taken to
the onsite laboratory for analyses. If laboratory results indicate
contamination, hand auger borings will be drilled and sampled to the depth of
the water table as previously described.
It is estimated that a maximum of five hand auger borings will be drilled along
the pipeline and that an average of three samples from each boring will be
analyzed by the onsite laboratory (five locations x three samples per location
= 15). Additionally, up to 14 surficial samples will be analyzed by th.e onsite
laboratory. Typical sampling arrangements for sampling along the pipeline are
shown in Figure 5-1, but actual sampling locations will depend on field visual
observations and vapor screening results. Additional surficial or hand auger
samples will be collected and analyzed as needed to define the limits of vadose
zone contamination.
Surface Water/Sediment Sampling
Ditch sediment samples will be taken from a minimum of eight locations
including six interior ditch locations as well as one sample immediately
above and one sample immediately below the culvert southwest of the tank car
bum area. If interior ditch samples are found to contain contaminants above
background concentrations. adjacent exterior ditch samples will be taken and
analyzed. Also. if the sample from below the culvert contains contaminants
above background concentrations, two additional ditch samples will be taken and
analyzed further below the culvert, a maximum of 12 ditch samples and four
samples from around the culvert will be collected. These samples will be taken
from 0-1 foot depth. Ditch sampling locations are shown in Figure 5-1.
5-16
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Septic Tank Sampling
There is an old septic tank on the site next to one of the old medical
buildings. The tank was identified during the site visit and it appears to be
full. One sample will be taken from the tank and submitted to ESD/CLP for
analysis of the full toxic compound list (TCL).
Dioxin Screening
Five soil samples from the site and one background soil sample will be
collected and submitted to ESD/CLP for dioxin screening analyses.
Mercury Analyses
Previous data have indicated the presence of mercury in sediments and sludge
samples collected from the site. Because mercury is an important contaminant
of concern in the environment we propose to submit selected samples to ESD/CLP
for mercury analyses. The onsite laboratory will be equipped with an atomic
absorption spectrophotometer for analyses of lead and arsenic and will not be
able to perform mercury analyses.
Generally, we propose to collect 3-4 soil samples from each source area for
mercury analysis; one from the "dirtiest" apparent location or depth and then
one each from the vertical and horizontal "clean" zone.
All of the background soil samples will be analyzed for mercury to establish
the site background concentration for comparison. Groundwater samples for
mercury analysis will also be selected to verify "clean" conditions.
5.2.2 SAMPLE CONTROL
The following codes refer to the identification of soil samples based on the
locations for collection.
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Soil Sample Codes
Site Code:
Sample Location Code:
NH -New Hanover County Airport Burn Pit Site
AP-I -Airplane Location No. I
AU-I -Automobile Location No. I
TC-I -Tank Car Location No. I
ST-I -Storage Location Area No. I
BP-I -Burn Pit Location No. I
DS-1 -Ditch Sediment Location No.
PL-I -Pipeline Location No. I
ST-I -Septic tank No. I
5.2.3 FIELD EQUIPMENT
The following equipment will be used in support of this task:
o Field logbook
o Sample containers
o Hand augers with stainless steel buckets
o Stainless steel spoons/spatulas
o Sampling shipping material
o Sample seals
o Sample tags
o Field sample sheets
o Chain-of-custody forms
o Tape measure
o Cooler with ice
o Polyethylene bags
o Black vinyl tape (bags only)
o Organic and Inorganic Traffic Report forms
o Federal Express shipping forms
o Decontamination equipment
o Glass bowls
5-18
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o H Nu photoionization detector
o Air purifying respirator with GMC-H cartridge
o Soil color chart
o Miniram respirable dust meter
5.2.4 TASK TEAM AND RESPONSIBILITIES
Field Operations Manager -
Onsite Coordinator -
Geologists -
Technical and financial management of field
activities
Technical oversight and coordinator of all field
tasks
Provide geologic descriptions and direct drilling
activities, and sample collection support
5.2.5 PREPARATORY ACTIVITIES
Prior to sampling, the OSC or other designated personnel will ensure that
adequate sampling equipment. supplies, and containers are available. The
project manager will ensure that all access forms and permits are obtained
through EPA Region IV and make provision for receipt of QA samples and
arrangements for analysis of split samples. The health and safety officer will
ensure that the proper safety equipment is available and that all field
personnel are current for medical monitoring and training.
5.2.6 SUBCONTRACTOR COORDINATION
The OSC in conjunction with the Field Operations Manager (FOM), will be
responsible for coordinating with the test boring subcontractor and the
subcontracted laboratory. The OSC will also be responsible for the technical
oversight of the drilling subcontractor.
5.2.7 SAMPLE TRAFFIC CONTROL
Samples collected during this activity will be classified as environmental
samples. All QA samples will be collected in appropriate containers and packed
in metal ice chests for shipment to the designated laboratory(ESD or CLP).
5-19
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Precautionary labels may be required on container exteriors. Samples will be
shipped to be received by the designated laboratory within 24 hours of
collection so that no maximum holding time will be exceeded for any analytical
parameter.
5.2.8 SPECIFIC PROTOCOLS
Standard penetration testing for purposes of collecting split-spoon samples
will be performed in accordance with the applicable American Society of Testing
and Materials (ASTM) protocols. as amended by the objectives of this task.
These protocols are described below. Drilling and sampling equipment will be
decontaminated in accordance with procedures stated in Section 5.1.
I.
2.
Split-Barrel (Split-Spoon) Sampling
The split-spoon sampler will conform to ASTM D-1586. The drive shoe
will be of hardened steel and will be replaced or repaired if it becomes
dented or distorted. The split-spoon sampler will be 5 feet in length.
The Subcontractor will collect srlit-spoon samples as requested by the
Engineer. The drill rods and al associated equipment will be
decontaminated between each drill location. The split-spoon sampler
will be decontaminated between each sample.
The Subcontractor will clean out the borehole to the samplin~ elevation
using equipment that will ensure that material to be sampled 1s not
disturbed by the operation.
With the sampler resting at the bottom of the borehole. the
Subcontractor will drive the sampler with blows using the 140 pound
hammer falling 30 inches until either 18 inches have been penetrated or
I 00 blows have been applied.
The Subcontractor will record the number of blows required to affect
each six inches of penetration or fraction thereof. The first six
inches is considered the seating drive. The number of blows required
for the second and third six inches of penetration added is termed the
penetration resistance. N.
If the sampler is driven less than 18 inches. the penetration resistance
is that for the last foot of penetration. If less than one foot is
penetrated. the logs will state the number of blows and fraction of one
foot penetrated. Additional driving of the split-spoon sampler may be
required to fulfill the sample volume requirements.
The Subcontractor will bring the sample to the surface and describe
typical samples of the soils recovered as to composition. structure,
consistency, color and condition.
5-20
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Sample Handling
I. Detailed instruction on the sample collection sequence and locations
will be provided by the OSC. Generally. the borings will proceed from
areas of low levels of contamination to progressively higher areas of
contamination.
2. The following guidelines will be implemented to select representative
sampling points in the field:
o Evaluate locations of pertinent features (drainage patterns.
erosional and depositional areas, etc.) and their relationship
between areas of known contamination. The sample collection point
should be clear of immediate sources of interference such as road
drainage or other effluents.
3. Do not disturb the sample collection point prior to sample collection.
4. With glass bowl and sampling equipment immediately available, don
uncontaminated gloves.
5. Transfer soil sample with a stainless steel spoon or spatula from the
split-spoon sampler into glass bowl discarding the upper portion of soil
that may represent caved materials.
6. Photograph the process and record in the log book.
7. Immediately transfer soil for volatile organic analyses into sample
container. and fill container so that no headspace exists.
8. Homogenize the soil in the glass bowl by gently mixing with the
stainless steel spoon or Teflon-coated spatula.
9. Transfer sample to sample container and identify sample with completed
sample tag and attach custody seal.
10. Place samples in a polyethylene bag and tape bag using black vinyl tape.
11. Identify, package, and ice samples for shipment.
12. Maintain chain-of-custody.
I 3. Ship samples to analytical laboratories.
14. Advise EPA Sample Management Office (SMO) of sample shipment, as
appropriate.
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5.3
5.3.1
INSTALLATION OF TEMPORARY PIEZOMETERS
AND GROUNDWATER MONITOR WELLS
OBJECTIVES
Temporary Piezometer Installation and Sampling
This subtask will consist of drilling and installation of 5 to 7 temporary PVC
piezometers at the locations illustrated in Figure 5-2. Soil borings will be
installed with a hollow stem auger type rig and continuous soil samples will be
collected throughout the drilled interval. These piezometers are proposed to
provide lithologic data to establish groundwater flow direction in the
surficial aquifer. and provide selected soil and groundwater samples for
preliminary plume delineation. The data collected will be used to determine
suitable locations for permanent monitor wells. Currently, there is no site
specific hydrogeologic data. The piezometers will play a very important role
of providing the geologic and hydrologic data necessary to construct a water
table map and determine if ground water contamination exists onsite and/or
offsite. During installation of the piezometers. the field team will be
looking for any and all signs of contamination, including the presence of
free-product or light ends at the water table surface.
A minimum of five and a maximum of seven temporary piezometers will be
installed. Two piezometers will be installed at locations northeast and east
of the site in an area believed to be upgradient from the site. One temporary
piezometer will be installed near the bum pit at the center of the site.
Initially, two temporary piezometers will be installed at locations south and
west of the site. If significant contamination is found at these locations.
two additional temporary piezometers will be installed farther downgradient in
an effort to reach beyond the extent of the contaminant plume.
Continuous soil samples will be collected from each piezometer boring using a
five-foot split barrel sampler. Samples will be lithologically logged by the
onsite geologist. Two soil samples from each boring will be retained for
analyses by the onsite laboratory. The depths for soil sampling will be
determined in the field by the geologist and OSC. Analytical parameters for
5-22
700/ I 2
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piezometer soil samples include PAHs, VOCs, and metals as previously described.
There will be a maximum of 14 soil samples collected during piezometer
installation.
In addition. one groundwater sample will be collected from each well (seven
samples). During installation of the boring at the bum pit, a sample will be
taken at the water table surface to determine if free product is present or a
high concentration of lighter than water compounds are present. This sample
will be screened with an OVA. If the screening results indicate contamination
or free product is visually observable, a sample will be taken for laboratory
analysis and the borehole will be abandoned. A piezometer to depth
(approximately 70') will be installed nearby, but outside the area of free
product or other measurable floating contamination.
Duplicate/splits of all ground water samples will be sent to ESD for analyses.
It is recognized that due to the PVC construction of the piezometer. DQO's
cannot be met, however; it is important to confirm these results.
The piezometer soil borings will be completed by installing a I 0-foot section
of factory slotted two-inch diameter schedule 40 PVC well screen and blank
flush threaded PVC well casing into the open borehole to prevent caving of the
borehole. Generally, the piezometer will be screened at the base of the
surface aquifer at depths not expected to exceed 70 feet. In order to
facilitate subsequent removal, no sand pack or grout will be placed in the
annulus. A temporary surface seal will be placed to prevent infiltration of
rainwater.
After acquisition of adequate water level and water quality data from the
temporary piezometers, the piezometers will be plugged and abandoned (P&A).
The P&A procedure will involve removal of the PVC casing and screen, removing
sediment from the borehole by flushing or re-drilling as necessary. then
tremmie grouting the entire borehole with bentonite/cement grout. This P&A
activity may not be conducted prior to installation of permanent monitor wells.
The temporary piezometers will not be converted to permanent stainless steel
wells after use as temporary piezometers.
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The geologic data obtained during installation of the piezometer is especially
important with regard to the presence or absence (or both) of the aquiclude.
The depths and configuration of permanent monitor wells will be established
based on the hydrogeologic and groundwater quality data collected during
piezometer installation.
Although for planning and budgeting purposes we have described specific well
depths and sampling locations, we intend to use the onsite laboratory and
screening techniques (OVA) to allow us to adjust sampling locations to do the
best possible job of locating the source and extent of groundwater
contamination. if it is present.
Installation of Groundwater Monitor Wells
Installation and sampling of the permanent groundwater monitor wells comprise
the Phase 2 activities as previously described. Once consensus is reached on
the locations and configuration of the permanent monitor well network, the
driller will return to the site and install the permanent monitor wells.
This subtask will consist of drilling, installation, and development of up to
twelve permanent monitor wells consisting of six shallow and deep well
clusters. The new wells proposed in this section will be positioned based on
data compiled from the temporary piezometers. as previously described.
Two monitor well clusters will be placed in areas upgradient of the site, if
necessary. to determine whether off site sources of contamination are impacting
site groundwater. Various commercial properties and underground storage tanks
(USTs) east and northeast of the site are possible sources of contaminants and
may make if difficult to positively identify contamination associated with
onsite activities, since potential contaminants are identical.
One monitor well cluster will be installed downgradient from the bum pit to
determine contaminant concentrations near this area, anticipated to be a
primary source of contamination.
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Three monitor well clusters will be strategically located downgradient of the
site to determine the extent of contamination and potential offsite impacts.
If possible. at least one of the downgradient wells will be placed beyond the
lateral extent of the plume in order to determine a location beyond which no
impacts have occurred.
For planning and budgeting purposes we have assumed. all twelve wells will be
installed. At a minimum. three wells ( I upgradient, one adjacent to the burn
pit, and I downgradient) and four shallow wells (in the same locations, plus
one additional well more downgradient) will be installed. The deep wells will
be set at the top of the aquiclude. if present. or the top of the Sandstone
Aquifer. estimated at 70 foot depth. The shallow wells will be set in the
30-40 foot depth. depending on site specific geology.
All wells will be drilled according to EPA standards and according to the Title
15 North Carolina Administrative Code Subchapter 2C (Well Construction
Standards, Criteria and Standards applicable to Water Supply and Certain Other
Type Wells). All monitor wells will be installed by standard hollow stem
augering methods. Ten-foot long two-inch diameter stainless steel screens will
be set at the bottom of the surficial aquifer above the interface with the clay
aquiclude and/or at lesser depths. If the day aquiclude is not present
beneath the site. then the deep monitor wells will be screened above the
interface of the surficial aquifer with the Sandstone Aquifer. Well depths are
not expected to exceed 70 feet. Typical monitor well construction details are
shown in Figure 5-3.
Wells will not be installed through the aquiclude or into the Sandstone Aquifer
at this time. If contamination is present in samples taken from the
surficial-Sandstone Aquifer interface, an additional investigation may be
necessary. Based on known site characteristics and the typical contaminant
movement. it is unlikely that contamination will be found below the surficial
aquifer.
Shallow monitor wells will be installed by the same technique and screened at
the center of the most permeable layer. as identified in the field. Both
shallow and deep wells will be developed by over pumping. and surging if
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2'-0"
1 o·-o·
UPPER
4'-0" ----
CONCRETE PAD
AOUITARD
ARCS IV
CAP WITH LOCK
2" DIA.
STAINLESS STEEL
CASING
BENTONITE/CEMENT
GROUT
BENTONITE
PELLET SEAL
2" DIA. STAINLESS
STEEL WIRE WOUND
SCREEN
SAND PACK
TYPICAL MONITOR WELL CONSTRUCTION SCHEMATIC
NEW HANOVER COUNTY AIRPORT BURN PIT SITE
WILMINGTON, NORTH CAROLINA
5-27
FIGURE NO.
5-3
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necessary. until the water is free of visible sand and drill fluids. Developed
water will be monitored for specific conductance stabilization. Protective
outer casings with locking devices will be installed by the subcontractor at
all new monitor wells to prevent unauthorized tampering and access.
5.3.2 FIELD EQUIPMENT
The following field equipment will be used:
o Decontamination equipment and supplies
o Field logbook
o HNu photoionization detector
o Air purifying respirator with GMC-H cartridge
5.3.3 TASK TEAM AND RESPONSIBILITIES
Field Operations Manager -
Onsite Coordinator -
Technical and financial management of field
activities
Subcontractor coordination and technical oversight
5.3.4 PREPARATORY ACTIVITIES
The onsite coordinator or other designated personnel will ensure that adequate
equipment and supplies are available. The health and safety officer will
ensure that the proper safety equipment is available for field personnel. The
onsite coordinator will determine the access requirements for drill locations,
and the project manager will coordinate access with EPA.
5.3.5 SUBCONTRACTOR COORDINATION
· The onsite coordinator for this activity will coordinate efforts with the
drilling subcontractor.
5.3.6 SPECIFIC PROTOCOLS
All drilling will be performed in accordance with applicable ASTM protocols.
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The drilling equipment will be decontaminated prior to drilling each borehole.
The deep and shallow monitor wells will be installed as described below.
Deep/Shallow Wells
I. Drill a 6-inch minimum diameter hole with a conventional hollow stem
auger drilling rig to the top of the upper confining unit. as determined
in drilling the deep wells (no sampling required).
2. Install a 2-inch stainless steel casing and screen in the bottom 10 feet
of the borehole and/or at a shallower depth to be determined in the
field and backfill screen annulus with a sand or gravel pack that is
rounded. well-sorted. washed and uniformly sized.
3. Seal permanent monitoring wells with 2 linear feet of bentonite pellets
placed by lremmie pipe.
4. Allow the bentonite seal to hydrate per manufacturer's recommendations
prior to grouting the annulus.
5. Tremmie the annular spaces with bentonite/cement grout.
6. Set a protective steel casing with locking cap into a poured concrete
pad graded away from the casing ( 4 feet x 4 feet x 6 inches deep).
Insert drain holes in protective casing immediately above concrete pad.
7. Allow the grout to set up 24 hours prior to well development.
8. Develop the wells by over pumpin1;1. and surging if necessary. until the
water is free of visible sand and dnll fluids. Developed water will be
monitored for conductivity stabilization. Development water will be
discarded within areas anticipated tu be remedial to prevent
contamination of otherwise uncontaminated areas.
5.4 GROUNDWATER SAMPLING
5.4.1 OBJECTIVES
Groundwater samples will be collected from and permanent monitor wells to
define the limits of the contaminant plume in the surficial aquifer and, to
determine if contamination exists in the Sandstone Aquifer. It is not
anticipated that offsite private wells will be sampled. Groundwater samples
will be analyzed for PAHs, VOCs. arsenic. lead. mercury and the MINTEQ priority
I parameters for geochemical modeling to be performed by ESD. · All groundwater
samples will be submitted to ESD/CLP for analyses. The onsite laboratory will
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no longer be onsite. A maximum of 12 samples will be collected and submitted
for full analyses of the aforementioned parameters.
Sampling of the temporary piezometers has been described in Section 5.3.
An overall summary of sample types. number. analytical parameters and QA
samples is presented in Figure 5-4.
5.4.2 SAMPLE CONTROL
The following codes refer to groundwater sample collection locations.
Well Site and Sample Codes -Groundwater
Site Code:
Sample/Location Code:
NH -New Hanover County Bum Pit Site
MW -Groundwater Monitor Well
TP -Temporary Piezometers (soil and water)
5.4.3 FIELD EQUIPMENT
The following equipment will be used:
o pH meter/calibration standards
o Thermometer
o Conductivity meter
o Water level indicator
o Peristaltic pump
o Generator
o Closed top bailers -stainless steel, Teflon
o Rope. nylon, 1/8" and 1/4" diameter
o Teflon coated or stainless steel leader
o Tubing. Teflon, silicon rubber
o Steel measuring tape
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· 1 I ANALYTICAL PARAMETERS I TYPE
/ FIELD /suB / /oN SITE/ CLP /ESD
~~ ~~ ,... ~ '.<? "' er "" 0v C; ., q
"'~,::: Jri.!t ~ v ~ ,{' u ~ '< "' <: it ~ u ;;'
SAMPLES ,ff~ ,,-:,.0 Q,,-.p· ~r,, .:,.O Q,,-,p· §' $ <f c'J l;y ,.__o &' NOTES
BACKGROUND SURFICIAL 3 3 3 3 3 1 3 3
PIEZOMETER BORINGS 14 14 14 14 3
PIEZOMETERS 7 7 7 7 3 7 7 7 SPLIT ALL GW SAMPLE~
TANK CAR 22 22 22 22 4 1
AUTO 22 22 22 22 4 1
AIRCRAFT 22 22 22 22 4 1
SUPPLY TANK 22 22 22 22 4 1
BURN PIT 30 30 30 30 4 1
N.E. STAIN AREA 32 32 32 32 4
W. STAIN AREA 20 20 20 20 4
PERIMETER DITCH 12 12 12 12 3
CULVERT/DITCH 4 4 4 4 3
PIPELINE 29 29 29 29 4
12 MONITOR WELLS 12 3 12 12 12 12
SEPTIC TANK 1 TCL TO CLP /ESD
SUBTOTAL 232 20 239 239 239 50 6 12 19 19 19 3 3
QA/QC SAMPLES
DUPLICATES 2 2 2 2 2 2 MS/MD DUPLICATES
TO CLP/ESD FOR PAH
BLANKS 2 6 8 6 6
SPIKES 2 2 2 2 2
DRILLING MUD 1 1 1 1
WATER SUPPLY 1 1 1 1
SPLITS 23 23 23 23
EQUIPMENT RINSEATE 4 4 4 4
TOTAL 260 35 257 257 257 50 23 25 23 6 12 19 19 19 3 3
voe -VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUND
PAH -POL YNUCLEAR AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS
As,Pb -ARSENIC, LEAD
Hg -MERCURY
MINTEQ SUITE -CONDUCTIVITY, pH, TEMPERATURE, DISSOLVED OXYGEN, ALKALINITY, SULFIDES, (HYDROGEN SULFIDE OR METHANE), CHLORIDE ORTHOPHOSPHATE, IRON, MANGANESE, CALCIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINUM, BICARBONATE AND CARBONATE. TOC -TOTAL ORGANIC CARBON
BLANKS -ESD BLANKS, TRIP BLANKS (voe ONL y) ANO PRESERVATIVE BLANKS
ARCS IV FIGURE NO,
SAMPLE ANALYSES TOTALS
NEW HANOVER COUNTY AIRPORT BURN PIT SITE 5-4
WILMINGTON, NORTH CAROLINA
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o Pipe wrench. 18"
o Sample containers
o Sample packaging and shipping equipment
o Organics and inorganics traffic report forms
o Sample document control forms
o SAS packing list forms
o Field logbook
o Decontamination solutions and equipment
o HNu photoionization detector
o Air purifying respirator with GMC-H cartridge
o Miniram respirable dust meter
5.4.4 TASK TEAM AND RESPONSIBILITIES
Field Operations Manager -Technical support for field team
Onsite Coordinator -Technical oversight of sampling effort
Sampling Personnel -Sample collection and shipping; demobilization
5.4.5 PREPARATORY ACTIVITIES
The onsite coordinator or other designated personnel will ensure that adequate
sampling equipment supplies, containers. and laboratory space are available.
The health and safety officer will ensure that the proper safety equipment is
available for field personnel and that monitoring occurs during the sampling
investigation.
5.4.6 SUBCONTRACTOR COORDINATION
Subcontractors will not be involved in the groundwater sampling subtask. All
groundwater samples will be submitted to ESD/CLP for analysis.
5.4. 7 SAMPLE TRAFFIC CONTROL
Samples collected in this activity are classified as environmental samples.
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Samples will be collected in appropriate containers and packed in metal ice
chests for shipment to the designated laboratory. No precautionary labels will
be required on container exteriors.
Samples will be shipped for receipt by the analytical laboratory within 24
hours of collection so that no maximum holding time will not be exceeded for
any sample parameter.
5.4.8 SPECIFIC PROTOCOLS
Monitor Well Purging and Sampling
I • Detailed instruction of the sample collection sequence and locations
will be provided by the onsite coordinator.
2. Obtain the following measurements:
Total length of well. L (in feet)
Length to the static waler level in the well. L (in feet)
Diameter of the well, ct (in feet) w
Lt may be obtained from documentation or will be or measured directly
using a weighted line.
Lw will be measured directly using a waler level indicator.
d will be measured directly using a tape measure.
All measurements are to be recorded in feet and decimals. All
measurements instruments will be decontaminated per standard operating
procedures.
3. Using the formula below, determine the volume of water'in the well.
Volume = 0. 785 (ct2) (Lt - L ) = cubic feet
Cubic feet x 7 .5 = gallons w
4. A minimum of three well volumes will he purged from the well or until
the well is pumped dry. Each well will be purged until pH. temperature
and specific conductance stabilize. These parameters will be measured
on a periodic basis until stabilization is attained. Well purging is
typically accomplished by the time five volumes are purged.
5. Determine the required duration of purging by dividing the purge volume
by flow rate.
6. The measurements required prior, during. and after the purge process
will be recorded on the well purge record.
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7. Add chemical preservatives. if applicable.
8.
9.
10.
II.
12.
13.
14.
15.
5.5
5.5.1
After the well has been purged and the pump removed. collect the sample
with the bailer. The sample containers will be filled directly from the
bailer starting with the volatile container first.
Photograph the process.
Measure and record in log book the pH, temperature. and specific
conductance of the sample. These measurements may be taken from a
sample collected in an additional container. All instrument
calibrations will also be recorded.
Place samples in a plastic bag and tag using black vinyl tape.
Complete documentation for the sample.
Identify. package. and ice samples for shipment.
Maintain chain-of-custody.
Ship samples to analytical laboratories.
WATER LEVEL MEASUREMENTS
OBJECTIVES
Water level measurements will be taken in all monitor wells. Water levels will
be permitted to stabilize a minimum of 24 hours prior to recording water level
measurements. All water level measuring activities will be performed within
the shortest period of time possible so that levels will be relatively
comparable. Each measurement will be made from a known point of elevation
marked on the well casing, as surveyed by a qualified surveyor. These levels
will allow flow directions in the upper and lower aquifers to be determined.
5.5.2 FIELD EQUIPMENT
The field equipment required for water level measurements is listed below.
o Water level indicator
o Miniram respirable dust meter
o Tape measure
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o Decontamination equipment
o Health and safety equipment
o HNu photoionization detector
5.5.3 TASK TEAM AND RESPONSIBILITIES
Field Operations Manager -
Onsite Coordinator -
Support Personnel -
Technical and financial management of project
Technical oversight
Support
5.5.4 PREPARATORY ACTIVITIES
The onsite coordinator will be responsible for obtaining the necessary
equipment and support personnel. The onsite coordinator will also coordinate
the data collection effort in the field. The health and safety officer will
ensure that the proper safety equipment is available for field personnel.
5.5.5 SUBCONTRACTOR COORDINATION
Subcontracted services are not required for the water level measurement
activity.
5.5.6 SPECIFIC PROTOCOLS
Water Level Measurements
I. Measure static water level in the monitor well and reference to the
surveyed point.
2. Decontaminate equipment.
3. Proceed to next well.
5.6 AQUIFER TESTING
5.6. I OBJECTIVE
In situ hydraulic conductivity tests of saturated materials will be performed
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on all twelve new monitor wells. These tests are commonly referred to as slug
tests. Slug tests will be performed using positive pressure air displacement.
to perform a slug test. a pressure sensitive water level transducer will be
installed in the well and the static water level recorded. A known volume of
water will then be displaced in the well by pushing the water level down with
air pressure. The transducer then records well recovery by recording the water
level at pre-set increments of time (shorter time increments at the beginning
of testing and longer increments at the end of testing) until the water level
in the well recovers to its static level.
5.6.2 FIELD EQUIPMENT
o Pressure sensitive water level transducers/data logger and printer
o Steel Measuring Tape
o Field Logbook
o Water Level Transducers
o HNu photoionization detector
o Air purifying respirator with GMC-H cartridge
5.6.3 PERSONNEL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
Level D protective clothing, disposable undergloves. and safety glasses will be
used during well testing. If Level C protection is required, a full-face air
purifying respirator equipped with an organic vapor and particulate cartridge
will be worn.
5.6.4 HEALTH AND SAFETY GUIDELINES
The field investigation team will be required to observe Leyel D protection
unless HNu sustained readings exceed background. If this occurs. Level C will
be used. If the work is being conducted in areas of contaminated surface
soils. Level C protection will be observed.
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5.6.5 TASK TEAM AND RESPONSIBILITIES
Onsite Coordinator -Personnel coordination
Hydrogeologist -Technical Oversight
Technicians -Support personnel
5.6.6 PREPARATORY ACTIVITIES
The onsite coordinator or other designated personnel will ensure that adequate
equipment and supplies are available. The health and safety officer will
ensure that the proper safety equipment is available for field personnel.
5.6.7 SUBCONTRACTOR COORDINATION
No subcontractors will be needed for this task.
5.6.8 SPECIFIC PROTOCOLS
All equipment placed in the well will be decontaminated in accordance with
Section 5.1.8.
Aquifer Testing
I. Install water level transducer in monitor well.
2. Record static water level.
3. Introduce slug into well.
4. Allow water level to stabilize.
5. Instantaneously remove slug and activate data logger.
6. Allow water level to stabilize.
7. Record data.
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5.7 SITE SURVEYING
5.7.1 OBJECTIVES
The site survey will consist of a ground survey and an aerial reconnaissance.
The ground survey will include locating all structures and physical features of
the site. The ground survey will also locate completed drilling locations and
aerial targets. All surveyed points will be referenced to the state planar
coordinates and the National Geodetic Vertical Datum (NGVD). 1929. Top of well
casings. ground elevations and other vertical and horizontal controls will be
addressed. The subcontractor will provide CDM with three aerial photographs of
the site. The photographs of the site will be at the following scales: I)
1 ":20'; 2) I ":50' and 3) I": 100'. Topographic maps will be produced at a scale
of I ":50' and at a contour interval of 1.0 feet. Elevations of temporary
piezometer will also be surveyed to allow construction of a water table map
early on.
5.7.2 FIELD EQUIPMENT
All equipment necessary to perform the surveying services is to be provided by
the subcontractor.
5.7.3 TASK TEAM AND RESPONSIBILITIES
Field Operations Manager -
Onsite Coordinator -
Subcontractor -
Technical and financial management of field
activities
Subcontractor Coordination
Surveying Activities
5.7.4 PREPARATORY ACTIVITIES
The project manager will ensure access to survey lines. The health and safety
officer will ensure that the proper safety equipment is available for field
personnel.
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6.0 SAMPLE AND DOCUMENT CUSTODY PROCEDURES
Each sample received by any analytical laboratory involved for processing must
be properly documented to ensure complete and accurate analysis for all
parameters requested. The Region IV EPA system of documentation _provides the
means for tracking each sample from the time of collection through final data
reporting. A sample is defined as a representative specimen collected from a
specific location at an exact point in time for a particular analysis. and is
referenced to field samples. duplicated. replicates. splits, spikes, or blanks
that are shipped from the field to an analytical laboratory.
6.1 SAMPLE CUSTODY
6. I. I FIELD LOGBOOK ENTRY PROCEDURES
Details of field logbook entry procedures are presented in Section 5. I. 9 and
will not be repeated here.
6.1.2 CHAIN-OF-CUSTODY RECORDS
A chain-of-custody record will be completed for all samples requiring
laboratory analysis. The laboratory will designate the project number, and the
onsite coordinator will maintain it.
The following guidelines will be implemented to complete the record:
o Enter the project name.
o Sign the Form (sample collector).
o Record the station number (sample code) for each sample.
o Record the date of sample collection.
o Record the time of sample collection.
o Indicate whether the sample was a grab or composite.
o Give a brief verbal description of the sample collection station.
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o Indicate the total number of containers.
o Enter the individual number of each type of container under the
corresponding analysis.
o Record the tag numbers.
o Relinquish the sample to the laboratory or shipper. If hand-delivered,
request the recipient sign. Because shipping companies will not
sign-off, the name of the shipping company should be recorded under
"received by."
o Enter the airbill number under the remarks section. if appropriate.
The serial number should also be recorded in the field logbook.
6.1.3 SAMPLE CONTAINER LABELING
For each sample container to be analyzed. a separate sample tag will be
completed and secured to the sample bottle.
The following guidelines will be used to complete each sample tag:
I. Obtain the project code which refers to the case number designated by
the CLP for each project. from the onsite coordinator.
2. Record the sample code in the station number section.
3. Record the month. day, and year.
4. Record the sample time.
5. Designate the sample as grab or composite (X).
6. Give a verbal description of the sample location.
7. Sign the tag (both sample collectors).
8.
9.
Indicate (X) if preservatives are in the sample.
Indicate (X) the type of analyses lo he performed on the sample. This
information may be obtained from the Sampling and Analysis Plan (SAP).
10. Under remarks. enter HWSI (Hazardous Waste Site Investigation), water
or soil. depending on the type.
11. Enter the sequential number from the tag on the sampling field sheet.
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12. Staple the sample number label from the inorganic or organic traffic
report to the back of the tag.
6.1.4 SAMPLE IDENTIFICATION
A coding system is used to identify each sample taken during the sampling
program. This coding system will provide a tracking procedure to allow
retrieval of information concerning a particular sample and assure that each
sample is uniquely identified.
A listing of the project and sample identification numbers is to be maintained
by CDM under the direction of the onsite coordinator. Each sample
identification number is composed of three components which are described as
follows:
Project Information - A two-letter designation is used to identify the sample
collection site. The designation will depend on the site name.
Sample Type and Station Location - A two-letter designation is used to identify
the specific type of sample being taken followed by a numerical designation
that indicates the station location. The sample types which will be collected
during the remedial site investigations are:
TP -
AP -
AU -
TC
ST
BP
MW-
PL -
ST -
Temporary piezometer (water and soil)
Airplane location (soil)
Automobile location (soil)
Tank car location (soil)
Storage tank location (soil)
Bum pit location (soil)
Groundwater monitor well (water)
Pipeline (soil)
Septic tank (water)
Sample Number - A multi-number designation is used to number the sample
according to sample type. Samples are numbered consecutively within the sample
type and are not related to the date of collection. The sequence of sample
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numbers will be obtained from the onsite coordinator. Sample identification
will be carefully controlled to allow for sequential analyses and determination
of "clean" samples with least effort.
6.1.5 SAMPLING HANDLING AND SHIPPING
The protection of personnel involved in the shipment of samples to contract
laboratories and/or ESD is important as well as the maintenance of the
integrity of the samples themselves. When sent by common carrier, the
packaging, labeling and shipping of hazardous wastes and substances is
regulated by the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) under CFR 49.
Samples obtained at uncontrolled hazardous waste sites are classified as either
environmental samples or hazardous samples. Environmental samples are those
which contain low levels of contaminants and require implementation of limited
precautionary procedures. Samples at the New Hanover County Airport Bum Pit
Site are classified as environmental samples. Hazardous samples are those
which could possibly contain dangerous levels of contaminants, i.e., 15
percent. Hazardous samples must be packaged and labeled according to
procedures specified by the U.S. DOT. or the state DOT, whichever is more
stringent.
Samples not designated as environmental samples or that are known to contain
hazardous materials must be considered hazardous. DOT has established a
classification system for transportation categories which depend on the degree
of hazard from the material. The following is the relevant portion of this
listing:
o Radioactive Material
o Poison 'A'
o Flammable Gas
o Non-flammable Gas
o Flammable Liquid
o Oxidizer
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o Flammable Solid
o Corrosive Material (liquid)
o Poison 'B'
o Corrosive Materials (solid)
If the sample is suspected or determined to fall within the Poison 'A·
classification. packing procedures specified by DOT should be followed. This
type of sample is not anticipated at the New Hanover County Airport Bum Pit
Site.
The next two classifications in the DOT series are "flammable" or
non-flammable" gases. No gas samples are expected to be collected at
uncontrolled hazardous waste sites, therefore, this type of sample is
eliminated from consideration.
The next category to be considered is "flammable liquids." Hazardous samples
in liquid form. unless known to fall into a lower category. will be handled,
packaged, and shipped at this level of concern.
The following procedures apply to the handling of flammable liquid and solid
samples:
Packaging
Samples are collected in glass with non-metallic, teflon-lined screw caps.
Sufficient ullage (IO percent by volume) is allowed. If air space in the
container cannot be tolerated in order to maintain sample integrity, the sample
is placed within a second container to provide the require air space.
In collecting a solid material, the container plus contents must not exceed one
pound net weight. Large quantities of material. up to one gallon, may be
collected if the flash point of the sample can be determined to be 73 ° F or
higher. If this is the case, this information should be marked on the outside
container with IO percent air space. Shipping papers are required to state
that the "flash point" is 73° F or higher.
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Each sample container is sealed and placed in a separate polyethylene bag.
Each bag must be placed inside an appropriately sized metal can or other
DOT-approved container with enough noncombustible, absorbent. cushioning
material (e.g .. bentonite, vermiculite or diatomaceous earth) to prevent
breakage and provide for absorption of liquid. Only one bag is placed in each
can. The can is pressure closed and clips, tape or other positive means are
used to hold the lid securely in place during shipment.
The metal cans or other DOT-approved containers are placed in a strong outside
container and surrounded with noncombustible, absorbing packaging material for
stability during transport.
Marking and Labeling
The following information must be placed on each metal can or other DOT
approved container, or one-gallon bottle:
o Laboratory name and address
o Flammable Liquid, n.o.s. UN 1992 or
o Flammable Solid, n.o.s. UN 1325
o n.o.s. (not otherwise specified) is not used if the flammable liquid or
other solid is identified
"LABORATORY SUPPLIES" and "THIS SIDE UP" or "THIS END UP" should also be
marked on the top and/or front of the outside container and upward pointing
arrows should be placed on all four sides of the exterior container.
Shipping Papers
The bill of lading supplied by the carrier should be completed and the
certification statement signed with the following information in the order
listed:
o "Flammable Liquid, n.o.s. UN1933" or "Flammable Solid, n.o.s. UNl325"
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o "Cargo Aircraft Only," "Limited Quantity" or "Ltd. Qty"
o "Laboratory Samples." "Net Weight ," or "Net Volume "of
hazardous contents. by items if more Tiian one metal can is insioe of
exterior container.
The net weight or net volume must be placed just before or just after the
"Flammable Liquid, n.o.s." or "Flammable Solid. n.o.s." description.
A complete chain-of-custody record, enclosed in an envelope. is included in the
sample container.
Transportation
All samples should be shipped by Federal Express. "Cargo Only" aircraft may be
used, but hazardous samples must not be transported by CDM personnel in private
vehicles.
6.2 DOCUMENT CUSTODY
Document control procedures cover all project deliverable documents, project
correspondence, and internal memoranda under this work assignment.
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7.0 CALIBRATION PROCEDURES AND FREQUENCY
The purpose of this section is to provide the specific maintenance/calibration
for all equipment related to the collection of data either in the field or
through laboratory analysis of samples.
7.1 LABORATORY EQUIPMENT
All subcontracted laboratories shall have an in-place program for equipment
calibration procedures and frequency that meets standards established by EPA.
Although laboratories used during this work assignment are not necessarily
required to take part in the CLP, laboratories responding to the solicitation
for laboratory services will be required to submit detailed procedures for
equipment calibration and frequency. The contents of this submittal will be a
partial basis for award.
7.2 FIELD INSTRUMENTATION
Field instrumentation will be required to provide data concerning health and
safety considerations and as a method for field screening samples.
HNu Photoionization Detector
Calibration of the instrument will be performed with a factory supplied
calibration kit according to the manufacturer's specifications. Calibration
will be performed each day of use as a part of routine instrument maintenance,
with a calibration record being maintained in the field manager's logbook.
Foxboro Organic Vapor Analyzer 128
Calibration of this instrument will not be performed by CDM field personnel. A
field calibration check will be performed each day of use as part of routine
instrument maintenance. Routine service will be performed monthly by the
manufacturer.
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YSI 3300 Series Conductivity/Temperature Probe
The YSI 3300 cannot be calibrated in the field. The instrument should be
standardized against a known conductivity standard or against the reading of a
laboratory conductivity meter once per month. or each time it is released for
field work and on return for storage. · Percent variation should be recorded.
To operate the probe. the temperature of a solution is read and checked against
an NBS traceable thermometer. The percent variance of the meter is then noted.
Respirable Dust Monitor
Calibration of the instrument will be performed according to the manufacturer's
specifications. Calibration will be performed each day of use as a part of
routine instrument maintenance. with a calibration record being maintained in
the field manager's logbook. The miniram dust monitor detects all of the
respirable particles in the air and reports their concentration in mg/m3 •
pH Meter
Calibrations will be performed according to the manufacturer's specifications.
The electrode is rinsed with distilled water, placed in pH 7 buffer solution,
and allowed to stabilize. The pH 7 control is adjusted until the meter reads
the correct value for the buffer temperature as outlined below.
Temp (0 c) .P!!..I ~
10 7.06 4.00
20 7.01 4.00
25 7.00 4.01
30 6.98 4.02
40 6.97 4.04
The electrode is then rinsed in distilled water. placed in pH 4 buffer
solution, and allowed to stabilize. The slope control is adjusted until the
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meter reads the correct value. The process is then repeated. pH meter
calibration will be performed at the start of day and after IO samples.
Combustible Gas Meter
Calibration of the instrument will be performed according to the manufacturer's
specifications. Calibration will be performed each day of use as a part of
routine instrument maintenance, with a calibration record being maintained in
the field manager's logbook. This instrument is used to determine the presence
of explosive atmospheres and will give a readout of the explosion hazard from 0
to 100 percent of the lower explosive limit (LEL).
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8.0 ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES
The purpose of this section is to provide the analytical procedures required
for each sample matrix and type. Sample matrices and types used in field
activities are specified in Section 5.0. Analytical services will be obtained
from two sources. Enforcement, litigation or evidentiary data will be
generated by ESD or a CLP laboratory and. in some cases, by the onsite
laboratory.
The onsite laboratory will provide screening data on piezometer groundwater
samples. The onsite laboratory will perform organic analyses using high
pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) to obtain adequate detection limits.
Metals will be analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. All analyses
will be performed according to EPA methods.
The following parameters will be analyzed by the referenced analytical methods.
Type Parameter
Water Volatile Organics
Method
EPA Method 601/602
EPA Method 610 Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Lead
Arsenic
Mercury
EPA Method 200 Series
EPA Method 200 Series
EPA Method 200 series
Soil Volatile Organics
Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Lead
Arsenic
Mercury
Dioxins
8-1
EPA Method 8010/8020
EPA Method 8100
EPA Method 200 Series
EPA Method 200 Series
EPA Method 200 Series
EPA Method 8250
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9.0 DATA REDUCTION. VALIDATION AND REPORTING
Data reduction, validation and reporting will be controlled by the following
guidelines.
9.1 DATA LOGGING
Upon receipt of samples for analysis accompanied by a completed request for
analysis form and/or chain-of-custody materials detailing requested analysis.
the laboratory supervisor or his delegate will:
o Verify all paperwork. chain-of-custody forms. etc.
o Log in samples, assign unique log numbers, and attach numbers to the
sample container(s).
o Open project file and enter data on laboratory computer.
o Assign priority and hazard rating criteria.
o Store samples in refrigerated sample bank.
9.2 ANALYZING THE SAMPLE AND PROCEDURAL DETAIL
The sample will be analyzed by chemists and/or technicians using approved
analytical procedures presented in Section 8.0.
The chemist/technician will then record the results of analyses and detail all
procedural modifications, deviations. or problems associated with analyses in a
parameter workbook.
9.3 VALIDATION OF DATA
Upon completion of an analytical procedure. and prior to reporting, a QA/QC
review will be performed. CDM will be responsible for reviewing analytical
results for completeness, representativeness. accuracy and precision. The QA
representative will review all data for:
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I. Completeness of Analytical Data -This criterion is a measure of the
amount of valid data obtained from the measurement system compared with
the amount that was expected under normal conditions.
. 2. Correctness of Analytical Data -This criterion is simply a check on all
mathematical calculations. data transpositions. units of measure,
significant figures, etc.
3. Accuracy -This criterion compares reported values to known values.
4. Precision -This criterion measures the reproducibility of a
measurement.
9.4 FINAL REPORTING AND REPORT ARCHIVAL
Upon successful completion of the QA/QC process, data are submitted in final
report form. This report can be tailored to the client's needs but is
typically reported in a standardized CDM format. This format consists of all
pertinent sample and project information as originally provided in sample log,
and all analytical notes and references.
The report must include a QA section addressing the quality of the data and its
limitations. Each QA section, no matter how brief, should address:
o Adherence to the document(s) governing the measurement work (e.g., Work
Plan. Sampling and Analysis Plan. QA Project Plan). Deviations should
be noted and ex plained.
o Precision. accuracy, and completeness of the data reported, in
quantitative terms. The precision. accuracy, and completeness actually
achieved should be compared with the respective objectives set in the
document(s) governing the measurement work.
Additional information which should be provided includes, as appropriate:
o Representativeness and comparability of the data in qualitative terms as
compared with the objectives set for these parameters.
o Changes/revisions to the document(s) governing the measurement work.
o Summary of QC activities. including development of Standard Operating
Procedures and QC procedures.
o Summary of QA activities.
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Results of performance and/or system audits
Description of quality problems found
Description of corrective actions taken
o Specific information required by EPA.
Copies of all analytical data and/or final reports are retained in the
laboratory files and, at the discretion of the laboratory, data will be stored
on computer disks for a minimum of one year.
After one year, or whenever that data becomes inactive. the files will be
transferred to archives in accordance with Standard Laboratory Procedure. Data
may be retrieved from archives upon request.
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10.0 INTERNAL QUALITY CONTROL CHECKS
Internal QA procedures are designed to assure the consistency and continuity of
data.
Standard sampling QC include but are not limited to duplicate samples, split
samples, and spiked samples. Each of these is explained below.
10.1 DUPLICATE SAMPLES
At selected stations on a random time frame, duplicate samples are collected
from two sets of field equipment installed at the site, or duplicate grab
samples are collected. This provides a check of sampling equipment and
technique for precision. Ten percent of all samples from each medium are
· designated as duplicate samples.
10.2 SPLIT SAMPLES
A representative subsample from the collected sample is removed and both are
analyzed for the pollutants of interest. The samples may be analyzed by two
different laboratories for a check of the analytical procedures.
10.3 SPIKED SAMPLES
Known amounts of a particular constituent are added to an actual sample or to
blanks at concentrations at which the accuracy of the test method is
satisfactory. This method provides a proficiency check for the accuracy of the
analytical procedures. These spiked samples will be prepared at the
Environmental Protection Agency Environmental Services Division Laboratory.
Chemistry Section. located in Athens, Georgia. The samples will be transported
to the New Hanover Site and then submitted to the onsite laboratory for
analysis.
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10.4 TRIP BLANK
Three sealed preserved (or unpreserved if appropriate) VOA vials will be
transported to the field. These samples will be handled and treated by
sampling personnel in the same manner as the other samples collected for
organic compounds. These samples will be clearly identified on sample tags and
Chain-of-Custody Records as trip blanks. These water sample trip blanks will
also be used to monitor the effectiveness of sampling handling techniques where
samples other than water, i.e., sludge, soil, sediment. etc. are collected.
10.5 PRESERVATIVE BLANKS
Sample containers filled with blank water will be transported to the field and
treated in the same manner as other like samples. These blank samples will be
preserved and submitted for the same analyses as the other samples collected.
These samples will be clearly identified as preservative blanks on sample tags
and in the Chain-of-Custody Record(s). A minimum of one preservative blank
will be prepared at the beginning and at the end of the field investigation.
10.6 MATRIX SPIKE/MATRIX SPIKE DUPLICATE (MS/MSO)
COM will submit a duplicate waler sample for extractable organic analyses from
at least one sampling location as a matrix spike. This sample will be
collected from a location expected to be relatively free from contamination,
since this sample will be used for laboratory quality control purposes. The
duplicate sample should be clearly identified as "Duplicate Sample for Matrix
Spike" on the sample tag, Chain-of-Custody Record, in the field logbook, and on
the Contract Laboratory Program (CLP) Traffic Report Form (if appropriate).
MS/MSO samples may be required for the subcontracted laboratory.
10.7 FREQUENCY
The frequency of quality control checks is based on the type of analysis. EPA
Region IV requires that one blind blank and one blind spiked sample be
submitted to each laboratory each week for each type of analysis ( extractables,
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volatiles, etc.), for each medium sampled. The QC samples for this project are
summarized in Figure 5-4.
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11.0 SYSTEMS AND PERFORMANCE AUDITS
11.1 INTERNAL AUDITING SYSTEM
The ARCS QA program will include both performance and system audits as
independent checks on the quality of data obtained from sampling, analysis. and
data gathering activities. Every effort will be made to have the audit assess
a measurement process in normal operation. Either type of audit may show the
need for corrective action. Specific details covering QA audit procedures are
addressed in Section 6.0 of the ARCS Quality Assurance Management Plan
(Document Control No. 7740-999-QA-BBCL).
SYSTEM AUDITS are qualitative reviews of project activity to check that the
overall quality program is functioning and that the appropriate QC measures are
being implemented. The use of the internal QC measures identified in the work
plan or FOP will be checked in system audits.
PERFORMANCE AUDITS are quantitative checks on different segments of project
activity and are most appropriate to sampling, field measurements, and
laboratory analysis activities. Performance audit techniques include checks on
sampling equipment volume measurements, and the analysis of QC samples and
spiked samples.
11.2 AUDIT REPORTS
An audit report in memo format will be written by the auditor within fifteen
working days of the audit and submitted to the QA director. Following review
and approval of the report by the QA director. it will be distributed to the
Program Manager and the appropriate Team Firm Coordinator, and the audited
party.
11.3 FREQUENCY OF AUDITS
During this project one field audit and one office audit will be conducted.
The QAD, or an auditor designated by the QAD, will conduct the audits.
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I 1.4 EXTERNAL AUDITS
The CDM project team will cooperate fully in any performance or system audits
conducted or arranged by EPA.
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12.0 PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES AND SCHEDULES
An inventory control system including all equipment and instrumentation used by
CDM"s field personnel is maintained by the equipment manager as the basis for
maintenance and calibration control. The inventory control documentation
includes the following:
o Description of i tern
o Manufacturer. model number and serial number
o CDM's identification number
o Name. address and telephone number of the company which services the
item
o Type of service policy
o Timing and frequency of routine maintenance, servicing and calibration
A schedule of field equipment maintenance is presented in Table 12-1. There
are no critical spare parts required for equipment used during field
activities.
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TABLE 12-1
EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE
NEW HANOVER AIRPORT BURN PIT SITE
WILMINGTON. NORTH CAROLINA
ARCS IV
Equipment
Specific Conductance
pH -Electrometric Method
Combustible Gas Meter
Full-face Respirator
Hand Auger
Submersible Pump
Miniram Respirable Dust Meter
12-2
Maintenance
Check battery daily
Check battery dai I y
Check daily
Wash and inspect daily
Clean after each sample
Oil at regular intervals
Check daily
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13.0 DATA MEASUREMENT ASSESSMENT PROCEDURES
The assessment of data measurements is an activity that affects data quality.
Data quality objectives and required QC measures are discussed in detail in
Section 5.0 of the ARCS Quality Assurance Management Plan (Document Control No.
7740-999-QA-BBCL). Site-specific procedures for data measurement assessment
are presented in Sections 8.0. 9.0 and 10.0 of this document. The following
are the procedures that will be used for calculating precision. accuracy,
representativeness and comparability, and completeness (EPA, 1984).
13.1 PRECISION
Precision will be estimated by the analysis of duplicate samples and will be
expressed (if three or more values are determined) as the standard deviation.
Relative standard deviation may also be reported. Precision will be estimated
by calculating the relative percent difference (relative range) if only two
values are determined.
13.2 ACCURACY
Accuracy will be estimated from the analysis of QC samples whose true values
are known, or from surrogate or matrix spike recoveries. Accuracy will be
expressed as percent recovery.
13.3 COMPLETENESS
Completeness will be reported as the percentage of all measurements made whose
results are judged to be valid.
13.4 REPRESENTATIVENESS AND COMPARABILITY
Representativeness and comparability are generally not quantifiable.
Qualitative guidelines and procedures are used to assess these parameters.
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14.0 CORRECTIVE ACTION
Perhaps the single most important part of any quality assurance program is a
well defined. effective policy for correcting quality problems. CDM maintains
a closed-loop corrective action system under the direction of the QA director,
with full management support. CDM's corrective action system operates to
prevent problems, but it is also designed to ensure that if there is a problem,
it is reported to a person responsible for correcting it who is part of the
closed-loop action and follow-up plan. CDM's corrective action procedures are
discussed in detail in Section 7.0 of the ARCS Quality Assurance Management
Plan (Document Control No. 7740-999-QA-BBCL).
The essential steps in the CDM corrective action system are:
o Identify and define the problem.
o Assign responsibility for investigating the problem.
o Determine a corrective action to eliminate the problem.
o Assign and accept responsibility for implementing the corrective
action.
o Implement the corrective action.
o Verify that the corrective action has eliminated the problem.
o Document the problem identified, the corrective action taken, and
its effectiveness in eliminating the problem.
Whenever possible. predetermined limits for data acceptability will be
established for measurement systems. Corrective action will be initiated
whenever QC limits (e.g., calibration acceptance criteria) or QA objectives
(e.g., precision as determined by analysis of duplicate samples) for a
particular type of measurement are not being met. Each CDM ARCS team member
will be required to use a Corrective Action Request (CAR) Form which documents
the deficiency, requests corrective action by a specified date and requires
follow-up on completion of the corrective action.
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15.0 QUALITY ASSURANCE REPORTS TO MANAGEMENT
Each COM team firm QA coordinator will submit a monthly report of QA/QC
activities to the QA manager. These reports will detail the use of QC
procedures. describe audits conducted. problems uncovered. and corrective
actions taken. The QA manager will prepare a monthly summary of overall QA
activity on the contract for submittal to the QA director.
Individual work assignment reports of work requiring a measurement activity
will include a QA section or appendix that discusses the quality of the data
collected. Measurement activity includes. but is not limited to:
o Acceptance in the field of samples collected by others
o Collection of samples
o Geotechnical. meteorological. or analytical measurements
o Bench scale treatability studies
o Laboratory measurements
Content requirements for these QA sections are provided in Section 3. 8 of the
COM Federal Programs Corporation QA manual.
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REFERENCES
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). Health Assessment for
the New Hanover County Bum Pit. Wilmington. North Carolina. CERCLIS No.
NC D981021157, November 1989.
Bain. George L. Geology and Groundwater Resources of New Hanover County, North
Carolina. North Carolina Department of Water and Air Resources.
Groundwater Bulletin. November 17. 1970.
McMorris, Cheryl A .. Department of Human Resources. Hazard Ranking System
Report, June 26, 1986.
McMorris, Cheryl A .. Department of Human Resources. Site Inspection Report.
New Hanover County Airport Bum Pit. EPA ID# NC D981021157, February 6,
1987.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Quality Assurance Management Staff. 1984.
Calculation of Precision. Bias and Method Detection Limits for Chemical and
Physical Measurements (QAMS Chapter 5). Washington, D.C.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region IV. Statement of Work for
Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study at the New Hanover County Airport
Bum Pit Superfund Sit.e in Wilmington. New Hanover County, North Carolina.
January 22. 1990.
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