NCD980557656_19921207_NC State University (Lot 86 Farm Unit 1)_FRCBERCLA FS_Draft RI FS Quality Assurance Project Plan-OCR

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DRAFT RI/FS QUALITY
A~URANCE PROJECT PLAN
NORTH CAROLINA STA TE UNIVERSITY
LOT ll6SITE
Raleigh, North Carolina
December 1992
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I Pff r! LJt(; ~ .. _. 1 0 1992
I QUALITY ASSURANCE PROJECT PLAN
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I REMEDIAL INVESTIGATION/
I FEASIBILITY STUDY
I NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY
LOT 86 SITE
I RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA
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I SUBMITTED TO
I UNITED STATES
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
I REGION IV
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PREPARED BY
BROWN AND CALDWELL
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QUALITY ASSURANCE PROJECT PLAN
NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY
LOT 86 SITE
REMEDIAL INVESTIGATION/FEASIBILITY STUDY
Prepared by:
Owner
Owner
Project Manager
Contractor QA Officer
USEPA Project Officer
December 7, 1992
BROWN AND CALDWELL CONSULTANTS
53 Perimeter Center East, Suite 500
Atlanta, Georgia 30346
[phone]
Date
Date
Date Laboratory Director
Date Laboratory QA Officer
Date
Date
Date
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CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1.0 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1
CHAPTER 2.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1
2.1 Site Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1
2.2 Previous Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4
2.3 Environmental Setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4
2.3.1 Regional Physiography and Climate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4
2.3.2 Site Drainage Patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5
2.3.3 Regional and Site Hydrogeology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5
2.4 PROJECT OBJECTNES AND SAMPLING PLAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7
2.4.1 Sampling Locations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7
2.4.2 Sample Designations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-8
CHAPTER 3.0 ORGANIZATION AND RESPONSIBILITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1
CHAPTER 4.0 QUALITY ASSURANCE OBJECTIVES FOR MEASUREMENT DATA 4-1
4.1 Management Objectives· . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1
4.2 General Data Quality Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1
4.3 Quality Assurance Objectives for Analytical Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4
4.4 Quality Objectives for Radiation Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-20
CHAPTER 5.0 SAMPLING PROCEDURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1
5.1 Sampling Equipment Cleaning Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1
5.1.1 General Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1
5.1.2 Drilling Rigs, Augers, Soil Borers, and Other Associated Large Equipment . 5-2
5.1.3 Cleaning Procedures for Analyte-Free Water Containers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3
5.1.4 Heavily Contaminated Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3
5.1.5 Well Development and Aquifer Property Measurement Equipment . . . . . . . 5-4
5.1.6 Water Level Measurement Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4
5.1.7 Sampling Jars and Containers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4
5.1.8 Personnel Decontamination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4
5.2 Sampling Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5
5.3 Sample Collection Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5
5.3.1 Soil Sample Collection Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5
5.3.2 Monitoring Well Installation and Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-6
5.3.2.1 Monitoring Well Materials and Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-6
5.3.2.2 End Plugs and Well Caps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8
5.3.2.3 Adjustable Centralizers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8
5.3.2.4 Filter Pack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8
5.3.2.5 Surface Casing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8
5.3.2.6 Well Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8
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CONTENTS
(Continued)
5.3.2.7 Lithologic Logs and Well Completion Diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-9
5.3.3 Groundwater Sampling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-9
5.3.3. l Purging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-9
5.3.3.2 Groundwater Sample Collection Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-12
5.3.3.3 Determination of Groundwater Flow Direction and Velocity . . . . . . . 5-12
5.4 Sample Containers, Preservation Methods, and Holding Times . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-13
5.5 Sample Packing for Shipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-14
5.6 Field Records . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-14
5.7 Waste Disposal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-20
CHAPTER 6.0 SAMPLE CUSTODY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1
6.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1
6.2 Sample and Evidence Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1
6.2. l Sample Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1
6.2.2 Physical Evidence Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3
6.2.3 Photographic Evidence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-4
6.3 Chain-of-Custody . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-4
6.3.1 Sample Chain-of-Custody . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-4
6.3.2 Field Custody Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-6
6.3.3 Transfer of Custody and Shipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-6
6.4 Sample Preservation Reagents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-6
6.5 Field Logs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-7
6.6 Laboratory Chain-of-Custody . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-8
CHAPTER 7.0 CALIBRATION PROCEDURES AND FREQUENCY . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-1
7 .1 Analytical Laboratory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-1
7 .1.1 Calibration Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-1
7.1.2 GC/MS Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-1
7 .1.3 Inorganics Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-3
7.1.4 Additional Instrumental Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-4
7.2 Field Sampling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-4
7 .3 Field Screening . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-5
CHAPTER 8.0 ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-1
8.1 Contract Laboratory Program Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-1
8.2 Field Analyses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-1
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CONTENTS
(Continued)
CHAPTER 9.0 DATA REDUCTION, VALIDATION, AND REPORTING . . . . . . . . . . 9-1
CHAPTER 10.0 INTERNAL QUALITY CONTROL CHECKS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-1
10.1 Review of Reports, Plans, and Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-1
10.2 Laboratory Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-1
CHAPTER 11.0 PERFORMANCE AND SYSTEM AUDITS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-1
CHAPTER 12.0 PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-1
CHAPTER 13.0 PROCEDURES TO ASSESS DATA FOR PRECISION, ACCURACY, AND
COMPLETENESS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-1
CHAPTER 14.0 CORRECTIVE ACTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-1
CHAPTER 15.0 QUALITY ASSURANCE REPORTS
REFERENCES
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LIST OF TABLES
Number Page
2-1 Sampling and Analysis Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-9
4-1 Data Quality Objectives--Chemical Waste Disposal Area and Low Level
Radioactive Waste Disposal Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2
4-2 Data Quality Objectives--Groundwater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3
4-3
4-4
4-5
4-6
4-7
4-8
5-1
8-1
8-2
9-1
Data Quality Objectives Method Detection Limits for Volatile Organics . . . . . 4-5
Data Quality Objectives Method Detection Limits for Semi volatile Organics . . 4-7
Data Quality Objectives Method Detection Limits for Pesticides and PCBs . . . 4-1 O
Data Quality Objectives Method Detection Limits for Inorganics . . . . . . . . . . 4-12
Data Quality Objectives Precision, Accuracy, and Completeness Requirements 4-14
Data Quality Objectives Precision, Accuracy, and Completeness Requirements
for Compounds not Spiked, Field Measurements, and Air Measurements 4-16
40 CFR Part 136 Table II: Required Containers, Preservation
Techniques, and Holding Times (Water/Wastewater Samples) 5-13
Contract Laboratory Program Target Compound Listffarget Analyte List . . . . 8-2
Analytical Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-5
Analytical Parameters ....................................... .
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Number
2-1
2-2
2-3
3-1
5-1
5-2
5-3
6-1
6-2
6-3
6-4
7-1
7-2
LIST OF FIGURES
Site Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2
Site Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3
Chemical Waste Soil Sample Locations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6
Project Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2
Water Quality Monitoring Wells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-7
Example Lithologic Log . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-10
Example Well Completion Log . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-11
Example Sample Tag and Custody Seal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2
Example chain-of-Custody Form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-5
Equipment Calibration Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-6
Equipment Control Record . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-7
IQAPPl7200f0C.QAP
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CHAPTER 1.0
INTRODUCTION
This document is the Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP) that will be used for the North
Carolina State University (NCSU) Lot 86 Remedial Investigation. This document specifies the
procedures that must be implemented to assure that data gathered are consistent with specific quality
goals of accuracy, precision, completeness, and representativeness.
\QAPP\7200CHI.QAP
BROWN A.ND CALDWELL 1-1 Qiudit, A.a~ Projttt Plan -Dtteaikr 1992
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CHAPTER 2.0
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
The 1.5-acre site is located in Wake County, on and surrounded by state-owned property. A
large grass-covered open area, west of the site and north of Carter-Finley Stadium, is used for
parking during stadium events. The dirt road leading into this area from Old Trinity Road is used
as a jogging path by NCSU students and area residents. Trees along the fence, north of the site,
screen the view from Wade Avenue Extension. A pine forest borders the site to the east The
nearest water supply well is located approximately 2,000 feet southeast of the site (Figure 2-1).
2.1. SITE BACKGROUND
NCSU selected Lot 86 of Farm Unit No. 1 in 1969 as a burial site for hazardous chemical
waste and low-level radioactive waste generated in the University's educational and research
laboratories. The site was divided into two separate areas as shown on Figure 2-2; the western half
to receive hazardous chemical waste, and the eastern half to receive low-level radioactive waste.
Burial of waste was discontinued in November 1980 to comply with regulations promulgated under
the Resource Conversation and Recovery Act (RCRA).
The site was placed on the National Priority List (NPL) in October 1984, based on an
inspection completed in June of that year. The USEPA and North Carolina Division of Health
Service (DHS), Solid and Hazardous Waste Branch, completed hazard ranking score sheets for the
site and determined the degree of contamination to warrant inclusion on the NPL. The present work
consists of the Remedial Investigation and Feasibility Study (RI/FS) phase of the CERCLA process.
The types of chemicals reported to have been buried in the chemical waste area of the site
include solvents, pesticides, inorganics, acids, and bases. The chemical wastes were placed in
trenches located in the northwest portion of the site. The trenches were approximately 10 feet deep
and 50 to 150 feet long. After filling with waste, about 2 feet of soil excavated during trench
construction was used as cover material. Later, the disturbed area was seeded with grass. The
University estimates that approximately 22 trenches totalling less than 2,000 linear feet were used.
Although some of the liquid chemicals disposed of during the initial site operations were poured into
the trenches, both liquid and solid chemicals were generally buried in metal, glass, or plastic
containers.
BROWN AND CALDWEU 2-1 Qi,--, AaU'dJIU Projffl Pia · Dn:ff#Hr 1992
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Figure 2-1 Vicinity Map
RALEIGH, N.C.
e G Brown and caklwell
Coosultaris
2Z =
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Figure 2-2 North Carolina State University
Lot 86 Site Study Area
. .;· .... ,~ ))-::::::.
--
BC Brown and Caldwell
Conoubns
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CHAPTER 1. PROJECT DESCRIPTION
Records concerning waste disposal in this area are maintained by the NCSU Radiation
Protection Office. According to available information, radiological wastes were buried in the eastern
portion of the site in trenches approximately 6 feet deep and 50 to 150 feet long, and then covered
with 4 feet of cover material. Most of the waste is in solid form, primarily animal carcasses which
range in size from rats to whole sheep. The carcasses were frozen when buried and were not
containerized. Radionuclides present in the waste include tritium, carbon-14, iron-59,
phosphorus-30, and phosphorus-32.
NCSU reported on the CERCLA, Section 103(c) Hazardous Waste Notification form filed on
June 8, 1981, that it had disposed of 300,000 cubic feet or about 11,000 cubic yards of waste at the
site. NCSU reports that this quantity includes contaminated soil and water as well as waste material.
2.2 PREVIOUS STUDIES
Previous investigations conducted by the USEPA and sampling by NCSU researchers at the
Lot 86 site have established that groundwater beneath the site is, in fact, contaminated with a
number of organic and inorganic constituents. Reportedly, contaminated groundwater has migrated
at least 100 feet beyond the site boundary in the residual soil aquifer. The highest concentrations
have been reported for chloroform [maximum 391,500 parts per billion (ppb)], 1,1,2-trichloroethene
(24,050 ppb), benzene (128,500 ppb), 1,2-dichloropropane (142,450 ppb), diethylether (460,000 ppb),
and 1,2-dibromomethane (25,850 ppb ). The most frequently detected organic compounds in
groundwater were halogenated volatile organic chemicals including chloroform, tetrachloroethene,
xylene, carbon tetrachloride, and 1,1,1-trichloromethane.
Low levels of radionuclides were detected in some wells, however, these values may be
indicative of site background quality.
2.3 ENVIRONMENT AL SETTING
The environmental setting on both regional and site scales will be presented in this section.
The major features that are covered include, but are not limited to:
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Regional physiography and climate
Site drainage patterns
Area potable water supply wells
Flora and fauna
Regional and site hydrogeology
Site contaminant migration potential
2.3.1 Regional Physiography and Climate
The site is within the Piedmont Physiographic Province. The topography is gently rolling with
broad and flat interstream areas. There are no prominent hills visible above the general upland
surface. As shown on the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Raleigh West 7.5-minute quadrangle,
BROWN AND CALDWELL 2-4 Qi,aut, .ilAMNJIN' Proj«t Pia,, -Dttn,,j,,a, 1992
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CHAPTER 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION
the LS-acre site is situated on a slight topographic rise at approximately 450 feet, National Geodetic
Vertical Datum (NGVD). Land surface elevation decreases to the north and east of the site where
the slopes are steeper than those to the west.
Climatic data recorded at the NCSU Method Road station, which is about 1.5 miles southeast
of the site, indicate that the average annual precipitation is 46 inches with July and August being
the wettest months. Average monthly temperatures range from a low of 2.02 degrees Fahrenheit
(F) in January to a high of 78.8 degrees Fin July. The warm summer temperatures combined with
heavier precipitation in these months serve to maintain a typically humid environment.
2.3.2 Site Drainage Patterns
Surface drainage from the site intercepts unnamed tributaries of Richard Creek to the east and
west. The tributary to the east is approximately 400 feet from the site and 40 feet lower in
elevation. A small pond feeding another unnamed tributary lies approximately 1,600 feet west of
the site.
Surface drainage from the site generally flows east or west; however, a gentle depression
exists in the vicinity of the former chemical storage dumpster area located on the south central site
boundary. The land slope on-and off-site is generally uniform except for several drainageways
located along the northern fenceline on-and off-site to the east, west, and north.
2.3.3 Regional and Site Hydrogeology
The site is located in the Piedmont Physiographic Province where modern soils and topography
have developed as a result of the weathering and erosion of the underlying crystalline metamorphic
bedrock. The site topography consists of gently rolling land with broad and flat interstream areas.
There are no prominent hills visible above the general upland surface. The site is situated on a
slight topographic rise (surface water divide) at approximately 450 feet, National Geodetic Vertical
Datum (NGVD). The slope of the land surface is steeper to the north and east than the slope west
of the site. The elevation of Wade Avenue Extension is about 25 to 30 feet lower than the site
elevation.
The site overlies a north-south trending felsic gneiss and schist belt. This belt consists
primarily of biotite-feldspar gneiss, quartzitic gneiss, garnetiferous biotite gneiss, and interbedded
gneiss and schists. Structurally, the site is located on the western limb of an anticlinal structure, and
the limb dips to the west (approximately 75 degrees northwest) at an angle of 35 to 40 degrees
(Parker, 1979). Joints and fractures are abundant in the metamorphic rocks in the area; however,
their orientation, length, and size vary widely even over small areas (Parker, 1979). These joints
and fractures, as well as the bedding or foliation planes, allow migration of groundwater in the
saturated and unsaturated zones. The nearest known fault is located approximately 5 miles west of
the site and trends north-south.
BROWN AND CALDWEIL 2-5 Q,,a/ilJ A.u~ Proj«t Plan -Dtt.,./;,,er 1991
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CHAPTER 2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION
The saprolite at the site is composed of highly-weathered muscovite-garnet schist and garnet
gneiss (Liddle, 1984). This saprolite is the weathered product of the metamorphic bedrock and
retains the relief structure (i.e., joints, fractures, bedding planes, and layers of resistant minerals).
The transition from saprolite to competent bedrock is approximately 50 to 75 feet below the surface
in the site area. This transition zone consists of approximately 5 to IO feet of stiff, dense soil with
rock fragments increasing in size and quantity as the top of the bedrock is approached (Heater Well
Drilling, personal communication, 1986). This zone may be of higher permeability than the
overlying saprolite. The saprolite is composed of plastic sandy silt, clayey silt, and silty clay with
occasional thin layers of silty sand. Seams of quartz and bands of ferromagnesian minerals
reflecting the original metamorphic foliation may be present
Groundwater occurs in the lower saprolite/residuum and in the fractured, faulted, weathered,
or fissured bedrock (Hamed, 1989). The saprolite is a distinct water-bearing zone; groundwater
occurs in it under water table (unconfined) conditions. Groundwater also occurs in the bedrock
under unconfined, semi-confined, or confined conditions, depending upon study area geologic
characteristics. The two hydrogeologic units may be separated locally. Study area saprolite water
levels are approximately 30 feet below ground surface. Bedrock water levels are expected to be on
the order of 50 to 65 feet below grade.
Since 1982, NCSU has installed 33 monitoring wells at the site. Laboratory permeability tests
and field bail tests were performed to evaluate the hydraulic conductivity of the shallow aquifer
material. Laboratory tests performed on undisturbed Shelby tube samples showed ranges of vertical
hydraulic conductivity values between 5 x 10·5 centimeters per second (cm/sec) and 2 x 104 cm/sec.
The results of the field (bail) tests indicated horizontal hydraulic conductivity values between 8.4
x 104 cm/sec at Well 4 and 1.89 x 10·3 cm/sec at Well 1.
Water levels in the shallow saprolite aquifer measured on-site fluctuate an average of 2 to 4
feet during the course of a year and are approximately 40 feet below the land surface. The gradient
of the groundwater is to the west-northwest and is in the same general direction as the structural dip
of the bedding planes (USEPA, I 987). Assuming an effective porosity of 30 percent, a hydraulic
gradient of 0.014 foot per foot (ft/ft), and an average hydraulic conductivity of 1.36 x 10·3 cm/sec
(bail test), the linear groundwater velocity in the saprolite is 67 feet per year (ft/yr) (McDade et al.,
1984). This rate may be an overestimate for the entire section of the saprolite as the hydraulic
conductivity may decrease with depth (Hamed, I 989). None of the existing monitoring wells
penetrates the bedrock beneath the site.
2.4 PROJECT OBJECTIVES AND SAMPLING PLAN
The objective of the sampling associated with the Remedial Investigation is to (1) characterize
the nature and extent of contamination, (2) provide data of sufficient quality to support a Risk
Assessment and determine site-specific cleanup requirements, and (3) provide data of sufficient
quality to support and evaluation of Remedial Alternatives.
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CHAPTER 2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION
2.4.1 Sampling Locations
To characterize the nature and extent of contamination, sample locations must be selected to
optimize the data collection process. Sample locations for this study are discussed by unit. All soil
samples will be collected by either a split-spoon sampler or hand auger, depending on conditions.
Groundwater samples will be collected with a closed top bailer. Specific sampling locations are
described in the Sampling and Analysis Plan.
2.4.2 Sample Designations
All samples will be assigned and labeled with a logical code to facilitate consistent
identification throughout collection, handling, and analysis.
This code will be assigned as follows:
Where:
AA
BB
xx
yy
=
=
=
=
AA-BB-XX-YY
two character unit designator (North Carolina State University; Medlin
Residence)
two character sample matrix code (Soil Sample, Ground Water, Field Blank,
etc.)
Location designation (0 I, 02, etc.)
depth interval code (0 I, 02, 03)
Sample designations and the associated analytical parameters are presented
as Table 2-1.
QAP17200CH2.QAP
BROWN AND CALDWELL 2-7 Qiudit, Au---« Projttt Pia. -~ 1992
:1 .• ,
', -Table 2-1 Sampling and Analysis Summary ,, Sample designation Sample matrix Analysis<1l
NC-SS-01-01 Surface soil sample 0-2 feet A,B,C,D,E
I NC-SS-01-02 Surface soil sample 2-4 feet A
NC-SS-01-03 Surface soil sample 4-6 feet A
NC-SS-02-0 I Surface soil sample 0-2 feet A
'I NC-SS-02-02 Surface soil sample 2-4 feet A,B,C,D,E
NC-SS-02-03 Surface soil sample 4-6 feet A
NC-SS-03-0 I Surface soil sample 0-2 feet A
I NC-SS-03-02 Surface soil sample 2-4 feet A
NC-SS-03-03 Surface soil sample 4-6 feet A,B,C,D,E
1:
NC-SS-04-0 I Surface soil sample 0-2 feet A
NC-SS-04-02 Surface soil sample 2-4 feet A
NC-SS-04-03 Surface soil sample 4-6 feet A
I'.
NC-SS-05-0 I Surface soil sample 0-2 feet A. B, C, D, E
NC-SS-05-02 Surface soil sample 2-4 feet A
NC-SS-05-03 Surface soil sample 4-6 feet A ,~ NC-SS-06-01 Surface soil sample 0-2 feet A
NC-SS-06-02 Surface soil sample 2-4 feet A,B,C,D,E
NC-SS-06-03 Surface soil sample 4-6 feet A
I NC-SS-07-01 Surface soil sample 0-2 feet A
NC-SS-07-02 Surface soil sample 2-4 feet A
NC-SS-07-03 Surface soil sample 4-6 feet A,B,C,D,E
I: NC-SS-08-01 Surface soil sample 0-2 feet A
NC-SS-08-02 Surface soil sample 2-4 feet A
NC-SS-08-03 Surface soil sample 4-6 feet A
·I NC-SS-09-0 I Surface soil sample 0-2 feet A,B,C,D,E
NC-SS-09-02 Surface soil sample 2-4 feet A
NC-SS-09-03 Surface soil sample 4-6 feet A
I NC-SS-10-0 I Surface soil sample 0-2 feet A
NC-SS-10-02 Surface soil sample 2-4 feet A,B,C,D,E
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NC-SS-I 0-03 Surface soil sample 4-6 feet A
NC-SS-11-01 Surface soil sample 0-2 feet A
NC-SS-11-02 Surface soil sample 2-4 feet A
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NC-SS-11-03 Surface soil sample 4-6 feet A,B,C,D,E
NC-SS-12-01 Surface soil sample 0-2 feet A
NC-SS-12-02 Surface soil sample 2-4 feet A
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NC-SS-12-03 Surface soil sample 4-6 feet A
NC-TB-34-01 Subsurface soil sample 0-2 feet A
NC-TB-34-02 Subsurface soil sample 5-7 feet A
NC-TB-34-03 Subsurface soil sample 10-12 feet A
NC-TB-34-04 Subsurface soil sample 15-17 feet A
NC-TB-34-05 Subsurface soil sample 20-22 feet A ,, NC-TB-34-06 Subsurface soil sample 25-27 feet A
NC-TB-34-07 Subsurface soil sample 30-32 feet A
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:I Sample designation Sample matrix Analysis<1>
NC-TB-34-08 Subsurface soil sample 35-37 feet A
I NC-TB-34-09 Subsurface soil sample 40-42 feet A
NC-TB-34-10 Subsurface soil sample 45-47 feet A
NC-TB-34-11 Subsurface soil sample 50-52 feet A
·,t NC-TB-35-01 Subsurface soil sample 0-2 feet A,B,C,D,E
NC-TB-35-02 Subsurface soil sample 2-4 feet A
NC-TB-35-03 Subsurface soil sample 4-6 feet A
I NC-TB-35-04 Subsurface soil sample 6-8 feet A
NC-TB-35-05 Subsurface soil sample 8-10 feet A,B,C,D,E
NC-TB-35-06 Subsurface soil sample 10-12 feet A
I NC-TB-35-07 Subsurface soil sample 12-14 feet A, F
NC-TB-35-08 Subsurface soil sample 14-16 feet A ,,
,,
NC-TB-35-09 Subsurface soil sample 16-18 feet A,B,C,D,E
NC-TB-35-10 Subsurface soil sample 18-20 feet A
NC-TB-35-11 Subsurface soil sample 20-22 feet A,F
1· NC-TB-35-12 Subsurface soil sample 22-24 feet A
NC-TB-35-13 Subsurface soil sample 24-26 feet A,B,C,D,E
NC-TB-35-14 Subsurface soil sample 26-28 feet A
I NC-TB-35-15 Subsurface soil sample 28-30 feet A
NC-TB-35-16 Subsurface soil sample 35-37 feet A
NC-TB-35-17 Subsurface soil sample 40-42 feet A,B,C,D,E
I· /
NC-TB-35-18 Subsurface soil sample 45-47 feet A
NC-TB-35-19 Subsurface soil sample 50-52 feet A, F
NC-TB-35-20 Subsurface soil sample 55-57 feet A
I NC-TB-36-0~ Subsurface soil sample 0-2 feet A
NC-TB-36-02 Subsurface soil sample 5-7 feet A
NC-TB-36-03. Subsurface soil sample 10-12 feet A
1· NC-TB-36-04. Subsurface soil sample 15-17 feet A
NC-TB-36-05 Subsurface soil sample 20-22 feet A
NC-TB-36-06 Subsurface soil sample 25-27 feet A
·1· NC-TB-36-07, Subsurface soil sample 30-32 feet A
NC-TB-36-08 Subsurface soil sample 35-37 feet A ' ,. NC-TB-36-09 Subsurface soil sample 40-42 feet A
I NC-TB-36-10 Subsurface soil sample 45-47 feet A
NC-TB-36-11 Subsurface soil sample 50-52 feet A
1, NC-TB-37-01 Subsurface soil sample 0-2 feet A,B,C,D,E
NC-TB-37-02 Subsurface soil sample 2-4 feet A
NC-TB-37-03 Subsurface soil sample 4-6 feet A, F
I NC-TB-37-04 Subsurface soil sample 6-8 feet A
NC-TB-37-05 Subsurface soil sample 8-10 feet A,B,C,D,E
NC-TB-37-06 Subsurface soil sample 10-12 feet A
1· NC-TB-37-07 Subsurface soil sample 12-14 feet A
NC-TB-37-08 Subsurface soil sample 14-16 feet A
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1· Table 2-1 Sampling and Analysis Summary (continued)
I Sample designation Sample matrix Analysis<1>
NC-TB-37-09 Subsurface soil sample 16-18 feet A,B,C,D,E
I NC-TB-37-10 Subsurface soil sample 18-20 feet A
NC-TB-37-11 Subsurface soil sample 20-22 feet A,F
NC-TB-37-12 Subsurface soil sample 22-24 feet A
:I NC-TB-37-13 Subsurface soil sample 24-26 feet A,B,C,D,E
NC-TB-37-14 Subsurface soil sample 26-28 feet A
NC-TB-37-15 Subsurface soil sample 28-30 feet A
1· NC-TB-37-16 Subsurface soil sample 35-37 feet A
NC-TB-37-17 Subsurface soil sample 40-42 feet A,B,C,D,E
NC-TB-37-18 Subsurface soil sample 45-47 feet A
I NC-TB-37-19 Subsurface soil sample 50-52 feet A, F
NC-TB-37-20 Subsurface soil sample 52-57 feet A
NC-TB-38-01 Subsurface soil sample 0-2 feet A,B,C,D,E
I NC-TB-38-02 Subsurface soil sample 2-4 feet A
NC-TB-38-03 Subsurface soil sample 4-6 feet A
NC-TB-38-04 Subsurface soil sample 6-8 feet A
I NC-TB-38-05 Subsurface soil sample 8-10 feet A,B,C,D,E
NC-TB-38-06 Subsurface soil sample 10-12 feet A
.1
NC-TB-38-07 Subsurface soil sample 12-14 feet A, F
NC-TB-38-08 Subsurface soil sample 14-16 feet A
NC-TB-38-09 Subsurface soil sample 16-18 feet A,B,C,D,E
,I NC-TB-38-11 Subsurface soil sample 18-20 feet A
NC-TB-38-12 Subsurface soil sample 20-22 feet A,F
NC-TB-38-13 Subsurface soil sample 22-24 feet A
I NC-TB-38-14 Subsurface soil sample 24-26 feet A,B,C,D,E
NC-TB-38-15 Subsurface soil sample 26-28 feet A
NC-TB-38-16 Subsurface soil sample 28-30 feet A
I NC-TB-38-17 Subsurface soil sample 35-37 feet A
NC-TB-38-18 Subsurface soil sample 40-42 feet A,B,C,D,E
NC-TB-38-19 Subsurface soil sample 45-47 feet A
1· NC-TB-38-20 Subsurface soil sample 50-52 feet A, F
NC-TB-38-01 Subsurface soil sample 55-57 feet A
NC-GW-18-01 Groundwater, soil aquifer B,C,D,E
I NC-GW-5A-0l Groundwater, soil aquifer C,D
NC-GW-09-01 Groundwater, soil aquifer C,D
I, NC-GW-15-01 Groundwater, soil aquifer C,D
NC-GW-16-01 Groundwater, soil aquifer C,D,E
NC-GW-17-01 Groundwater, soil aquifer B,C,D
I NC-GW-20-01 Groundwater, soil aquifer C,D
NC-GW-30-01 Groundwater, soil aquifer C,D
NC-GW-31-01 Groundwater, soil aquifer B, C, D, E,
.1: NC-GW-32-01 Groundwater, soil aquifer C,D
NC-GW-33-01 Groundwater, soil aquifer C,D
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Table 2-1 Sampling and Analysis Summary (continued)
Sample designation
NC-GW-34-01
NC-GW-35-01
NC-GW-36-01
NC-GW-37-01
MR-GW-01-01
Analysis Explanation
Sample matrix
Groundwater, soil aquifer
Groundwater, rock aquifer
Groundwater, soil aquifer
Groundwater, rock aquifer
Groundwater, Medlin residence
A Field GC and radiation screening
B Target analyte list
C Target compound list
D Radiation: gross alpha, beta, gamma, Tritium and Carbon-14 content
E Level IV quality assurance reporting
F Geotechnical testing:
QAPP\7200T2-l.QAP
Grain size (all samples submitted
Atterberg Limits (all samples submitted)
Porosity (undisturbed samples)
Permeability (undisturbed samples)
Analysis0 >
C,D
B, C, D, E,
C,D
C,D
B,C,D,E
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CHAPTER 3.0
ORGANIZATION AND RESPONSIBILITY
A general organization chart is presented on Figure 3-1. Summaries of the
responsibilities of the active individuals identified in the organization chart are
presented below.
Principal-In-Charge
The Principal-In-Charge (PIC) will have overall contract responsibility for the project,
including responsibility for the technical content of all scientific and engineering work. The PIC
is directly accountable to the client, as well as to the Corporate Management Team, for project
execution. The PIC for these projects is John E. Salo, P.E.
Quality Assurance Officer
The Quality Assurance Officer (QAO}, Mr. Jim Linton, is responsible for the execution of
this QAPP. Responsibilities include approval of quality assurance procedures, and scheduling and
conducting system and performance audits. The QAO's specific responsibilities include:
• Planning and implementing the quality assurance program;
•
•
•
Interacting with clients and regulatory agencies on quality assurance matters;
Reviewing procedures at least once a year to ensure conformance with quality
assurance objectives and applicable regulations;
Working with all levels of personnel to identify and eliminate potential quality
assurance problems;
• Final data validation;
• Enforcing corrective action measures.
Project Manager
The Project Manager (PM) will provide all day-to-day technical management and coordination
of the project team. The PM's specific responsibilities include:
• Interacting with the QAO relative to the approval and implementation of the
QAPP;
BROWN AND CALDWELL 3-1 Q,uwtJ Au,imnc,-Projttt PlaR -D«ndHr 1992
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DIii Brown and Caldwell
l!ISU Consultants G.2"
us ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
REGION IV
Michael Townsend,
Remedial Project Manager
-•·•··' ... ... ,, .. . ···<---"""· '. .. ·• .
N C s u
' ----Jeff Monn,
Project Coordinator
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PROGRAM DIRECTOR PRINCIPAL-IN-CHARGE
' Peter J. Robinson ; John E. Solo, P.E.
_··.;:•--, ... .....,,,.,._,._ __ .~_,_.q , ...... ~-•· ,-, . ·---,-,. --, '--• .· ~ ... ·•--,,
HEALTH AND SAFETY OFFICER
Stephen Smith, C.I.H.
~ •'""" ---• . --..
PROJECT MANAGER
Ben Young, PE.
--..
REMEDIAL INVESTIGATION RISK ASSESSMENT
John Absalon, P.G. ; Lindo Henry, Ph.D. Som Rocker --·-~ ·•--. ~-----·---···~··-Scott Mixon
• .... '"'"'"'"' a,; -., ,..,..., ___ ,.._._,~,·~-,;;;, ....
Figure 3-1 Project Organization
QUALITY ASSURANCE OFFICER,
P. Jomes Linton
. --.. -·-
FEASIBILITY STUDY ;
Trish Reifenberger
Michael Roeder
John Absalon, P.G .
•u,o -••~ ~=~ • ~•• .. ,_ -·•-.--..
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CHAPTER 3. ORGAN/7.ATION AND RESPONSIBIUTY
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Preparing the health and safety plan (HSP) and interacting with the Health and
Safety Officer relative to the approval and implementation of the HSP;
Ensuring that the project team adheres to the QAPP;
Providing overall technical direction and day-to-day coordination to the project
team, including field activities, staffing assignments, and allocation of resources;
Providing control of project budget and schedule;
Serving as main client contact;
Preparing project deliverables and providing technical review of written reports
generated by other team members;
Interacting with client and regulatory agencies on all matters affecting the
technical direction, budget, and schedule of the project.
Mr. Ben Young, P.E. will serve as project manager for the Lot 86 Site RI/FS.
Program Director
The Program Director (PD) is the engineer or scientist who serves as client manager/liaison
and works closely with the PIC and project manager to successfully plan and execute the project.
The PD assembles a project team headed by a project manager that will execute the work. The PD
is directly involved in project planning, budget and schedule development, contract negotiations, and
is accountable to the client. The PD is responsible for overall technical quality of the work.
Mr. Peter Robinson is the PD for the NCSU project.
Health and Safety Officer
The Health and Safety Officer (HSO) is responsible for coordinating the health and safety
program for the project. The HSO reviews and approves the site-specific health and safety plan
before field activities proceed. The HSO performs random health and safety audits and coordinates
health and safety training to ensure that all personnel are qualified to perform site work.
Mr. Stephen Smith, C.I.H. will serve as HSO for this project.
Remedial Investigation Team
The Remedial Investigation Team will perform all phases of site sampling and sample
handling. Mr. John Absalon, P.G. will serve as lead field technical advisor throughout the project,
and Mr. Scott Mixon and Mr. Sam Rocker will perform all field sampling.
BROWN AND CALDWELL 3-3 Q,u,litJ A.""1'mK'W Proj«t PIM • ~ 1992
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CHAPTER 3. ORGAN/7.A.TION AND RESPONSIBIUTY
Risk Assessment Specialist
Ms. Linda Henry, Ph.D. will serve as the Risk Assessment Specialist for the Lot 86 RI/FS.
Feasibility Study Team
The Feasibility Study Team will develop and evaluate remedial action alternatives leading to
the selection of the preferred alternative for the Lot 86 Site. The FS team will: develop
alternatives, screen the alternatives, and perform a detailed evaluation of the alternatives.
The individuals responsible for the FS for this project will be Ms. Trish Reifenberger,
Mr. Mike Roeder, and Mr. John Absalon, P.G.
QAP\7200CH3.QAP
BROWN AND CALDWELL 3-4 Qr,aJitJ ~ Proj«t Pia -~ 1991
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CHAPTER 4.0
QUAUTY ASSURANCE OBJECTIVES FOR MEASUREMENT
DATA
4.1 MANAGEMENT OBJECTIVES
The management objectives for this Quality Assurance Project Plan are as follows:
•
•
•
•
•
To monitor the quality of data generated by the study so that the goals of the
RI/FS are met.
To maintain the value of any data produced in this study for use as evidence
in any legal action or suit.
To review the validity and integrity of the data and results of the site
, investigations, laboratory analyses, and technical reports.
, To evaluate remedial assessments, actions, and designs so that they are
' proper! y prepared and approved.
j To control the quality of work performed by subcontractors and support
, services so that they maintain the same performance quality standards as those
! defined by this Quality Assurance Project Plan.
The Quality Assurance procedures adopted for this QAPP are based upon Brown and
Caldwell's corporate quality assurance policies. These policies are designed to provide assurance
that all investigations will yield comprehensive and valid investigative results which comply with
applicable federal and state regulations and legal requirements for all anticipated enforcement
proceedings ..
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Activities conducted for the Lot 86 site RI/FS will comply with these policies and procedures
and will be in accordance with the directives issued by the Project Quality Assurance Officer.
4.2 GENERAL DATA QUALITY OBJECTIVES
General project data quality objectives are summarized in Tables 4-1
and 4-2.
BROWN AND CAWWELL 4-1 QIUllitJ Au"""""" Projttt P,_. ~ 1992
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Table 4-1 Data Quality Objectives-Chemical Waste Disposal Area and Low Level
Radioactive Waste Disposal Area
Activity
Objective
Data Use
Appropriate analytical levels
Contaminants of concern
Level of concern
Other parameters
Critical samples
\QAPP\7200T4-1.QAP
Soil
Soil samples will be collected and analyzed to detennine
the nature and extent of contaminants, and provide data
necessary to develop a risk assessment and assess
remedial alternatives
Risk assessment, remedial alternatives evaluation
Field screening: 100% level II
Sample analyses: 75% level III, 25% level IV
Radiation samples: 100% level V
Target analyte list, target component list; gross alpha,
beta, and gamma radiation; tritium and carbon-14
content
To be determined during risk assessment
Physical parameters that may effect contaminant fate
and transport will be evaluated, as required.
All samples
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Table 4-2 Data Quality Objectives--Groundwater
Activity
Objective
Data Use
Appropriate analytical levels
Contaminants of concern
Level of concern
Other parameters
Critical samples
\QAPP\7200f4-2.QAP
Groundwater
Groundwater samples will be collected and analyzed to
determine the nature and extent of contaminants, and
provide data necessary to develop a risk assessment and
assess remedial alternatives
Risk assessment, remedial alternatives evaluation
Field screening: IO0% level II
Sample analyses: 75% level III, 25% level IV
Radiation samples: 100% level V
Target analyte list, target component list; gross alpha,
beta, and gamma radiations; tritium and carbon-14
content
To be determined during risk assessment
Physical parameters that may effect contaminant fate
and transport will be evaluated, as required
All samples
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CHAPTER 4. QA OBJECTIVES FOR MEASUREMENT DATA
4.3 QUALITY ASSURANCE OBJECTIVES FOR ANALYTICAL MEASUREMENTS
Brown and Caldwell will perfonn the RI/FS to meet the overall project objectives stated in
Section 1.0. The QA objectives will establish the guidelines which define the quality of the
environmental measurements required to meet the objectives of the remedial investigation pursuant
to the SOW. The specific analytical procedures are discussed later in this QAPP. This section
addresses objectives for precision, accuracy, completeness, representativeness, and comparability.
•
•
•
Precision is a measure of mutual agreement among individual measurements
of the same property, usual! y under prescribed similar conditions. Precision
is best expressed in tenns of the standard deviation. Various measures of
precision exist, depending upon the "prescribed similar conditions."
Accuracy is the degree of agreement of a measurement (or an average of
measurements of the same thing), X, with an accepted reference or true value,
T, expressed as the percentage difference between the two values,
(100 percent) (T-X)/f. Accuracy is a measure of the bias in a system.
Completeness is a measure of the amount of valid data obtained from a
measurement system compared to the amount that was expected to be
obtained under correct nonnal conditions.
Brown and Caldwell will collect samples of soil and groundwater to document the nature and
extent of contamination and contaminant pathways. During the field sampling activities, Brown and
Caldwell will collect a field blank and a sample duplicate for every 10 samples of a matrix-type
(solids and liquids). Field blanks will be prepared on-site. These samples will be submitted to the
laboratories to assess the quality of the data resulting from field sampling activities. Duplicate
samples will be analyzed to check sampling and analytical reproducibility. Blank samples will be
analyzed to check for procedural contamination and/or ambient conditions at the site that may result
in sample contamination.
The RI/FS project is being perfonned by North Carolina State University as stated in the
Work Plan. The Work Plan specifies that environmental sample chemical analyses will be
perfonned following applicable organic and inorganic Contract Laboratory Program (CLP) analytical
procedures.
BROWN AND CAWWEU.. 4-4 Q,u,ut, A.u----. Proj,m Plim • ~ 1991
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Table 4-3 Data Quality Objectives Method Detection Limits for Volatile Organics
Detection limits
Constituent CAS number Reference
method Water" Soilb
µg/L µg/kg
Cblorometbane 74-87-3 CLP-VOA IO IO
Bromometbane 74-83-9 CLP-VOA IO IO
Vinyl chloride 75-01-4 CLP-VOA 10 IO
Cbloroethane 75-00-3 CLP-VOA IO IO
Methylene chloride 75-09-2 CLP-VOA 5 5
Acetone 67-64-1 CLP-VOA IO IO
Carbon disulfide 75-15-0 CLP-VOA 5 5
I, 1-Dicbloroethene 75-35-4 CLP-VOA 5 5
I, 1-Dichloroethane 75-35-3 CLP-VOA 5 5
T rans-1,2-Dichloroethene 156-60-5 CLP-VOA 5 5
Chloroform 67-66-3 CLP-VOA 5 5
1,2-Dichloroethane 107-06-2 CLP-VOA 5 5
2-Butanone 78-93-3 CLP-VOA IO IO
I, I, I-trichloroethane 71-55-6 CLP-VOA 5 5
Carbon tetrachloride 56-23-5 CLP-VOA 5 5
Vinyl acetate 108-05-4 CLP-VOA IO IO
Bromodichloromethane 75-27-4 CLP-VOA 5 5
I, 1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane 79-34-5 CLP-VOA 5 5
1,2-Dichloropropane 78-87-5 CLP-VOA 5 5
trans-1,3-Dichloropropene 10061-01-5 CLP-VOA 5 5
T richloroethene 79-01-6 CLP-VOA 5 5
Dibromocloromethane 124-48-1 CLP-VOA 5 5
I, 1,2-T richloroethane 79-00-5 CLP-VOA 5 5
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Table 4-3 Data Quality Objectives Method Detection Limits for Volatile Organics
( continued)
Detection limits
Constituent CAS number Reference
method Water" Soilb
µg/L µg/kg
Benzene 71-43-2 CLP-VOA 5 5
cis-1,3-Dichloropropene 10061-01-5 CLP-VOA 5 5
2-Chloroelhyl vinyl ether 110-75-8 CLP-VOA 10 10
Bromoform 75-25-2 CLP-VOA 5 5
2-Hexanone 591-78-6 CLP-VOA 10 10
4-Methyl-2-pentanone 108-10-1 CLP-VOA 10 10
Tetrachloroethene 127-18-4 CLP-VOA 5 5
Toluene 108-88-3 CLP-VOA 5 5
Chlorobenzene 108-90-7 CLP-VOA 5 5
Ethyl benzene 100-41-4 CLP-VOA 5 5
Styrene 100-42-5 CLP-VOA 5 5
Total xylene's none CLP-VOA 5 5
'Values listed are for low water concemrations. Medium water contract required detection limits (CRDL) for
volatile HSL compounds are 100 times the individual low water CRDL.
bValues listed are for low soil/sediment concenttation. Medium soil/sediment contract required detection limits
(CRDL) for volatile HSL compounds are 100 times the individual low soil/sediment CRDL.
',QAPP\7200T4-3.QAP
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Table 4-4 Data Quality Objectives Method Detection Limits for Semivolatile Organics
Detection limits
Constituent CAS number Reference
method Water" Soilb
µg/L µg/kg
Phenol I08-95-2 CLP-SY IO 330
bis (2-Cbloroethyl) ether 114-44-4 CLP-SY IO 330
2-Cbloropbenol 95-57-8 CLP-SY IO 330
1,3-Dichlorobenzene 541-75-1 CLP-SY IO 330
1,4-Dichlorobenzene 106-46-7 CLP-SY IO 330
Benzyl alcohol 100-51-6 CLP-SY 10 330
1,2-Dicblorobenzene 95-50-1 CLP-SY IO 330
2-Methylphenol 95-48-7 CLP-SY IO 330
bis (2-Cbloroisopropyl) ether 39638-32-9 CLP-SY IO 330
4-Methyl phenol 106-44-5 CLP-SY IO 330
N-Nitroso-Dipropylamine 621-64-7 CLP-SY IO 330
Hexacbloroethane 67-72-1 CLP-SY IO 330
Nitrobenzene 98-95-3 CLP-SY IO 330
Isophrone 78-59-1 CLP-SY IO 330
2-Nitrophenol 88-75-5 CLP-SY 10 330
2,4-Dimethylpbenol I05-67-9 CLP-SY IO 330
Benzoic acid 65-85-0 CLP-SY 50 1600
bis (2-chloroethoxy) methane 111-91-1 CLP-SY IO 330
2,4-Dichloropbenol 120-83-2 CLP-SY IO 330
1,2,4-Tricblorobenzene 120-82-1 CLP-SY IO 330
Naphthalene 91-20-3 CLP-SY IO 330
4-Cbloroaniline 106-47-8 CLP-SY IO 330
Hexachlorobutadiene 87-68-3 CLP-SY IO 330
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Table 4-4 Data Quality Objectives Method Detection Limits for Semivolatile Organics
(continued)
Detection limits
Constituent CAS number Reference
method Water" Soilb
µg/L µg/kg
4-Chloro-3-methylphenol 59-50-7 CLP-SY lO 330
2-Melllylnapthalene 91-57-6 CLP-SY lO 330
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene 77-47-4 CLP-SY lO 330
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol 88-06-2 CLP-SY lO 330
2,4,5-Trichlorophenol 95-95-4 CLP-SY 50 1600
2-Chloronaphlllalene 91-58-7 CLP-SY lO 330
2-Niiroaniline 88-74-4 CLP-SY 50 1600
Dimethyl phthalate 131-11-3 CLP-SY lO 330
Acenaphthylene 208-96-8 CLP-SY lO 330
3-Nilroaniline 99-09-2 CLP-SY 50 1600
Acenapthene 83-32-9 CLP-SY 10 330
2,4-Dinilrophenol 51-28-5 CLP-SY 50 1600
4-Nilrophenol 100-02-7 CLP-SY 50 1600
Dibenzofuran 132-64-9 CLP-SY lO 330
2,4-DinilrolOluene 121-14-2 CLP-SY lO 330
2,6-DinilrolOluene 606-20-2 CLP-SY 10 330
Diethylphthalate 84-66-2 CLP-SY lO 330
4-Chlorophenyl phenyl ether 7005-72-3 CLP-SY lO 330
Fluorene 86-73-7 CLP-SY lO 330
4-NilrOaniline 100-01-6 CLP-SY 50 1600
4,6-Dinilro-2-methylphenol 534-52-1 CLP-SY 50 1600
N-Niirosodiphenylamine 86-30-6 CLP-SY lO 330
4-Bromophenyl-phenyl ether l01-55-3 CLP-SY lO 330
Hexachlorobenzene 118-74-1 CLP-SY lO 330
Pentachlorophenol 87-86-5 CLP-SY 50 1600
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Table 4-4 Data Quality Objectives Method Detection Limits for Semivolatile Organics
( continued)
Detection limits
Constituent CAS number Reference
method Water" Soilb
µg/L µg/kg
Pbenanthrene 85-01-8 CLP-SY lO 330
Antbracene 120-12-7 CLP-SY lO 330
Di-n-butylpbtbalale 84-74-2 CLP-SY lO 330
Auoranthene 206-44-0 CLP-SY lO 330
Pyrene 129-00-0 CLP-SY lO 330
Butyl Benzyl pbthalale 85-68-7 CLP-SY 10 330
3,3-Dicblorobenzidine 91-94-1 CLP-SY 20 330
Benzo(a)antbracene 56-55-3 CLP-SY 10 330
bis (2-ethylhexyl)pbtbalale 117-81-7 CLP-SY lO 330
Cbrysene 218-01-9 CLP-SY 10 330
Di-n-octyl pbthalale 117-84-0 CLP-SY 10 330
Benzo(b )fluoranthene 205-99-2 CLP-SY lO 330
Benzo(k)fluoranthene 207-08-9 CLP-SY 10 330
Benzo(a)pyrene 50-32-8 CLP-SY lO 330
Indeno( 1,2,3-cd)pyrene 193-39-5 CLP-SY 10 330
Dibenz(a,b)antbracene 53-70-3 CLP-SY lO 330
Benzo(g,h,i)perylene 191-24-2 CLP-SY lO 330
'Values !isled are for low waler concentrations. Medium waler contract required detection limits (CRDL) for
semivolatile HSL compounds are 100 times the individual low waler CRDL.
byaJues !isled are for low soil/sediment concentrations. Medium soil/sediment contract required delection limits
(CRDL) for semivolatile HSL compounds are 60 times the individual low soil/sediment CRDL.
\QAPP\7200T4-4.QAP
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Table 4-5 Data Quality Objectives Method Detection Limits for Pesticides and PCBs
Detection limits
Constituent CAS number Reference
method Water" Soilb
µg/L µg/kg
Alpha-BHC 319-84-6 CLP-PEST 0.05 8.0
Beia-BHC 319-85-7 CLP-PEST 0.05 8.0
Della-BHC 319-86-8 CLP-PEST 0.05 8.0
Gamma-BHC(lindane) 58-89-9 CLP-PEST 0.05 8.0
Heplachlor 7~8 CLP-PEST 0.05 8.0
Aldrin 309-00-2 CLP-PEST 0.05 8.0
Heplachlor epoxide 1024-57-3 CLP-PEST 0.05 8.0
Endosulfan I 959-98-8 CLP-PEST 0.05 8.0
Dieldrin 60-57-1 CLP-PEST 0.10 16.0
4,4-DDE 72-55-9 CLP-PEST 0.10 16.0
Endrin 72-20-8 CLP-PEST 0.10 16.0
Endosulfan II 33213-65-9 CLP-PEST 0.10 16.0
4,4-000 72-54-8 CLP-PEST 0.10 16.0
Endosulfan sulfate 1031-07-8 CLP-PEST 0.10 16.0
4,4-OOT 50-29-3 CLP-PEST 0.10 16.0
Endrin ketone 53494-70-5 CLP-PEST 0.10 16.0
Melhoxychlor 72-43-5 CLP-PEST 0.5 80.0
Chlordane 57-74-9 CLP-PEST 0.5 80.0
Toxaphene 8001-32-2 CLP-PEST 0.5 160.0
Aroclor-1016 (PCB) 12674-11-2 CLP-PEST 0.5 80.0
Aroclor-1221 (PCB) 11104-28-2 CLP-PEST 0.5 80.0
Aroclor-1232 (PCB) 11141-16-5 CLP-PEST 0.5 80.0
Aroclor-1242 (PCB) 53469-21-9 CLP-PEST 0.5 80.0
Aroclor-1248 (PCB) 12672-29-6 CLP-PEST 0.5 80.0
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Table 4-5 Data Quality Objectives Method Detection Limits for Pesticides and PCBs
( continued)
Detection limits
Constituent CAS number Reference
method Water" Soilb
µg/L µg/kg
Aroclor-1254 (PCB) 11097-69-1 1.0 160.0
Aroclor-1260 (PCB) 11096-82-5 CLP-PEST 1.0 160.0
'Values listed are for low water concentrations. Medium water contract required detection limits (CRDL) for
volatile HSL compounds are 100 times the individual low water CRDL.
bValues listed are for low soil/sediment concentration. Medium soil/sediment contract required detection limits
(CRDL) for volatile HSL compounds are 100 times the individual low soil/sediment CRDL.
\QAPP\7200f4-S.QAP
Table 4-6 Data Quality Objectives Method Detection Limits for Inorganics
Instrument' Furnace/AA ICP-AA Estimated
CLP Contract required detection levels optimum ranges linear ranges method detection
Constituent reference detection levels (µg/L or (mg/kg) (µg/L) or (mg/kg) (µg/L) limits for solids2
method (µg/L) or (mg/kg) (mg/kg)
ICP FAA Low High Low High ICP FAA
Metals
Aluminum 200.7 CLP-M 200 16.0 16.0 IOOK 3.2
Antimony 200.7 CLP-M 60 27.0 27.0 IOOK 5.4
Arsenic 206.2 CLP-M IO 3.0 5 100 0.06
Barium 200.7 CLP-M 200 2.0 2.0 IOOK 0.4
Beryllium 200.7 CLP-M 5 1.0 1.0 IOOK 0.2
Cadmium 13.2 CLP-M 5 0.1 0.5 IO.0 0.02
Calcium 200.7 CLP-M 5000 I0.0 I0.0 200K 2.0
Chromium 200.7 CLP-M IO 3.0 3.0 IOOK 0.6
Cobalt 200.7 CLP-M 50 6.0 6.0 lOOK 1.2
Copper 200.7 CLP-M 25 3.0 3.0 lOOK 0.6
Iron 200.7 CLP-M 100 4.0 4.0 IOOK 0.8
Lead 239.2 CLP-M 5 1.0 5 100 0.2
Magnesium 200.7 CLP-M 5000 1.0 1.0 40K 0.2
Manganese 200.7 CLP-M 15 2.0 2.0 lOOK 0.4
Mercury (water) 245.1 CLP-M 0.2 0.2 0.2 IO
Mercury (sediments) 245.5 CLP-M 0.1 0.1 0.1 5.0 0.1
Nickel 200.7 CLP-M 40 11.0 11.0 IOOK 2.2
PolaSsium 200.7 CLP-M 5000 500.0 500.0 200K 100
Table 4-6 Data Quality Objectives Method Detection Limits for Inorganlcs (continued)
Ins1rument1 Furnace/AA ICP-AA Estimated
CLP Contract required detection levels optimum ranges linear ranges method detection
limits for solids2
Constituent reference detection levels (µg/L or (mg/kg) (µg/L) or (mg/kg) (µg/L) (mg/kg) method (µg/L) or (mg/kg)
ICP FAA Low High Low High ICP FAA
Selenium 270.2 CLP-M 5 3.0 5 100 0.6
Silver 200.7 CLP-M 10 4.0 4.0 IOOK 0.8
Sodium 200.7 CLP-M 5000 34.0 34.0 200K 6.8
Thallium 279.2 CLP-M 10 4.0 5 100 0.8
Vanadium 200.7 CLP-M 50 3.0 3.0 IOOK 0.6
Zinc 200.7 CLP-M 20 2.0 2.0 70K 0.4
Non-Metals
Cyanide3 335.2 CLP-M 10 5.0 0.5
pH USEPA 150.1 2.0-12.0
Specific-conductance USEPA 120.1 10 umho/cm
'Vary slightly; updated quarterly.
"Detection limits for an extract of I gram of solid in 200 ml of extractant based upon current inslrumcnt detection levels (IDLs).
<cyanide in water and solids by reflux-distillation and spectrophotometric measurement. Conductivity and pH by standard inslrumentation. ICP and FAA
methods are not employed:,
\QAPP.7200T4-6.QAP
Table 4-7 Data Quality Objectives Precision, Accuracy, and Completeness Requirements
Water Soil
Compound Relative percent Percent recovery Percent Relative percent Percent recovery Percent
difference•• range• completeness difference•• range• completeness
Volatiles
I, 1-Dichloroethene 14 61-145 95 22 59-172 95
Trichloroethene 14 71-120 95 24 62-137 95
Benzene II 76-127 95 21 66-142 95
Toluene 13 76-125 95 21 59-139 95
Chlorobenzene 13 75-130 95 21 60-133 95
Semi volatiles
Phenol 42 12-89 95 35 26-90 95
2-Chlorophenol 40 27-123 95 50 25-I02 95
1,4-Dichlorobenzene 28 36-97 95 27 28-104 95
N-Nitroso-di-n-propylamin 38 41-116 95 38 41-126 95
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene 28 39-98 95 23 38-I07 95
4-Chloro-3-mctliylphenol 42 23-97 95 33 26-I03 95
Acenaphthene 31 46-118 95 19 31-137 95
4-Nitrophenol 50 10-80 95 50 11-114 95
2,4-Diniu-otoluene 38 24-96 95 47 28-89 95
Pentachlorophenol 50 9-I03 95 47 I 7-109 95
Pyrene 31 26-127 95 36 35-142 95
Table 4-7 Data Quality Objectives Precision, Accuracy, and Completeness Requirements (continued)
Waler Soil
Compound Relative percent Percent recovery Percent Relative percent Percent recovery Percent
difference•• range• completeness difference•• range• compleleness
Pesticides
Lindane 15 56-123 95 50 46-127 95
Heptachlor 20 40-131 95 31 35-130 95
Aldrin 22 40-120 95 43 34-132 95
Dieldrin 18 52-126 95 38 31-134 95
Endrin 21 56-121 95 45 42-139 95
4,4-DDT 27 38-127 95 50 23-134 95
\QAPP\7200T4-7.QAP
__ , ... ----~ ··--
Table 4-8 Data Quality Objectives Precision, Accuracy, and Completeness Requirements for Compounds not Spiked, Field
Measurements, and Air Measurements (continued)
Water/Air
Measurement Relative percent Percent recovery Percent
difference•• range• completeness
Volatile organics 20 70-140 95
Semivolatile organic -· 50 · --.... -· , .. 10-120 .. ... , . 95
Pesticides/PCBs 25 50-130 95
Metals/cyanide sow SOW 95
Air 20 70-130 90
pH/field 0.2 units 0.1 unit 100
Specific conductance/field 5.0 NA 100
Temperature/field 0.5 celcius NA 100
*Individual component recoveries of the matrix spike are calculated using:
Matrix spike percent recovery =
where SSR = Spike sample results
SR = First sample value
SA = Spike added from spiking mix
SSR-SRxlOO
SA
**The relative percent difference (RPO) each component is calculated using:
\QAPP\7200T4-8.QAP
RPD-Dl-D2 x100
(Dl+D2)/2
Soil
Relative percent Percent recovery Percent
difference•• range• completeness
25 60-140 95
,. 50 15-140 95
50 35-140 95
SOW sow 95
NA NA NA
NA NA NA
NA NA NA
NA NA NA
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CHAPTER 4. QA OBJECTIVES FOR MEASUREMENT DATA
Because of the large number of organic parameters and potential matrices, it is difficult to
develop precision and accuracy objectives and control limits for every organic parameter in every
matrix. Therefore, it is necessary to extrapolate this information from a more limited set of
compounds. This is typically done with surrogate spike compounds which are added to every
sample before extraction and analysis, and with matrix spike compounds which are added to selected
samples before extraction and analysis. Although the surrogate and matrix spike analyses do not
provide statistically valid statements about precision and accuracy for every compound in a sample,
they do provide enough information to allow qualitative judgments to be made by the data reviewer
about precision and accuracy on a sample by sample basis. The recoveries of the surrogates and
matrix spike compounds are used to accept or reject data.
BCA will meet the current data acceptability requirements of the CLP program concerning
surrogate and matrix spike recoveries. Under the current acceptability requirements, a volatile
sample analysis will be repeated if any surrogates are out of control. BCA is committed to
producing usable data and will meet CLP data quality requirements or other specified QA objectives,
whichever is more stringent. The control limits for the various surrogate percent recoveries and
matrix spike compounds are presented below:
Fraction Surrogate compound Low/medium Low/medium
water soil/sediment
VOA Toluene-d8 88-110 81-117
VOA 4-Bromofluorobenzene 86-115 74-121
VOA 1,2-Dichloroethane-d4 76-114 70-121
BNA Nitrobenzene-d5 35-114 23-120
BNA 2-Fluorobiphenyl 43-116 30-115
BNA p-Terphenyl-d14 33-141 18-137
BNA Phenol-d5 10-94 24-113
BNA 2-Fluorophenol 21-100 25-121
Pest. Dibutylchlorendate (24-154)* (20-150)*
VOA Toluene-d8 88-110 81-117
VOA 4-Bromofluorobenzene 86-115 74-121
VOA 1,2-Dichloroethane-d4 76-114 70-121
*Under CLP protocols, these limits are for advisory purposes only. they are not used to
determine if a sample should be reanalyzed. When sufficient data becomes available, the
USEPA may set performance-based contract required windows.
BROWN AND CALDWELL 4-17 Qui-, Au~ Projttt Pita -~ 1991
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CHAPTER 4. QA OBJECTIVES FOR MEASUREMENT DATA
(i.e., water, soil) and concentration (i.e., low, medium) for each batch of samples or for each
JO samples received, whichever is more frequent. Samples identified as field blanks cannot be used
for duplicate sample analyses. If two analytical methods are used to obtain the reported values for
the same element for a batch of samples (i.e., ICP, GFAA), duplicate samples will be run by each
method used. The relative percent differences (RPO) for each component will be calculated.
The results of the duplicate sample analyses will be reported. A control limit of± 30 percent
for RPO will be used for sample values greater than 5 times the contract required detection level
(CROL). A control limit of ± the CRDL will be used for sample values less than 5 times the
CRDL, and this control limit (± CROL) will be entered in the "Control Limit." If one result is
above the 5 times CRDL level and the other is below, the ± CROL criteria will be used. If either
sample value is less than the CRDL, the RPO is not calculated and is indicated as "NC."
The spiked sample analysis is designed to provide information about the effect of the sample
matrix on the digestion and measurement methodology. The spike is added before the digestion and
prior to any distillation steps (i.e., total phenol). At least one spiked sample analysis will be
performed on each group of samples of a similar matrix type (i.e., water, soil) and concentration
(i.e., low, medium) for each batch of samples or for each 20 samples received, whichever is more
frequent. Samples identified as field blanks cannot be used for spiked sample analysis. If two
analytical methods are used to obtain the reported values for the same element for a batch of
samples (i.e. ICP, GFAA), spike samples will be run by each method used. If the spike recovery
is not within the limits of 75 to 125 percent, the data of all samples received associated with that
spiked sample will be flagged with the letter "N". The BCA analyst will immediately notify Brown
and Caldwell's Project Manager who will in turn notify EPA regarding the analytical problem (e.g.,
matrix interference). The analyst, Project Manager, and USEPA representative will discuss
analytical options that may be applied so that the key constituents of concern (e.g., Pb, Cd) may be
quantified to levels consistent with the data quality objectives. An exception to this rule is granted
in situations where the sample concentration exceeds the spike concentration by a factor of four or
more. In such a case, the spike recovery should not be considered and the data shall be reported
unflagged even if the percent recovery does not meet the 7 5 to 125 percent recovery criteria. For
selected key constituents, the matrix spike will be repeated at a concentration level which will
approximately double the initial concentration of the constituent in the sample. In the instance
where there is more than one spiked sample per matrix per batch, if one spike sample recovery is
not within contact criteria, all samples of the same matrix in that batch will be flagged and retested.
The individual component percent recoveries (%R) will be calculated and reported.
The accuracy of field measurements of pH and conductivity will be assessed through
premeasurement calibrations and post-measurement verifications in the field. The pH accuracy will
be assessed by performing two measurements on three standard buffer selections. Each
measurement will be within ± 0.05 standard unit of buffer solution values. Precision will be
assessed through replicate measurements. The standard deviation of four replicate measurements
must be less than or equal to 0.1 standard unit. The electrode will be withdrawn, rinsed with
deionized water, and re-immersed between each replicate. The calibration and verification will be
done in the field each day before sampling. The instrument will be capable of providing
BROWN AND CALDWELL 4-18 Qt,alit:, Auarmta Proj«t p,o,. -~ 1991
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CHAPTER 4. QA. OBJECTIVES FOR MEASUREMENT DATA
measurements of 0.01 standard unit The conductivity meter will be assessed by performing
calibration and assessments as described in Section 7.0. Measurements for accuracy should be
within ±5 percent of the estimated conductivity of the solution being measured. Precision for the
conductivity is performed in the field similar to the description for the pH instrument procedure.
It is expected that the CLP procedures proposed for chemical characterization of the samples
collected will provide data meeting QC acceptance criteria for all samples tested. All engineering
data outputs will be complete and in the same format for the duration of the project. Reports will
be carefully reviewed internally before being released to USEP A. The Field Sampling Plan is
designed to provide data representative of site conditions. Emphasis is placed upon soil, leachate,
sediment, biota, surface water, runoff, and groundwater. During development of this plan,
consideration was given to past waste disposal practices, existing analytical data, physical setting
and processes, and requirements for environmental measurement in the ARI guidance document
All field activities will be performed following USEPA recommended sampling protocols (USEPA,
1991) which are used by USEPA and industry on a nationwide basis. These sampling protocols
provide samples which are collected in a uniform manner throughout the project and ensure that all
samples have similar integrity. Samples will be preserved following USEPA Region IV protocols,
shipped the sample day, and maintained at 4°C until the analyses are performed (USEPA. 1991).
In most cases, samples will be shipped the same day they are collected. Strict chain-of-custody
control will be maintained.
Results will be compared to the historical data base. The sampling plan for this project
includes soil and groundwater. Brown and Caldwell will provide qualitative comparisons of the new
data with the previous data.
The comparison of the results will primarily be performed on the samples collected during
this investigation to see that they are comparable to each other and meet the objectives of the project
pending EPA review and incorporation of comments.
4.4 QUALITY OBJECTIVES FOR RADIATION MEASUREMENTS
Radiation measurements of media samples will achieve analytical Level V for non-
conventional parameters with method-specific detection limits.
The radiation analyses will include:
• gross alpha, beta, and gamma radiation
• tritium and carbon-14 content
A qualified Department of Energy (DOE) qualified contractor laboratory will be selected for
this phase of work.
IQAPPl7200CH4.QAP
BROWN AND CALDWFLL 4-19 QIUIUl1 Aul&NNN Proj«t PlaA -D«-'-1991
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CHAPTER 5.0
SAMPUNG PROCEDURES
Consistent collection of representative samples from a given environmental matrix depends
on implementation and adherence to standard operating procedures for sample collection, handling,
preservation, and documentation. Sampling procedures used for field investigations will follow the
guidelines set forth in Standard Operating Procedures and Quality Assurance Manual (SOP) (USEPA
Region IV, 199 I). Sampling locations are described in the Lot 86 Site Remedial Investigation
Sampling and Analysis Plan (BCC, I 992).
To avoid cross contamination, all sampling will be conducted from least to most contaminated
areas based on existing data.
5.1 SAMPLING EQUIPMENT CLEANING PROCEDURES
All expendable and miscellaneous items that contact the sample will be made of inert material
(Teflon®, glass, stainless steel, etc.). Used expendable materials will be collected in plastic garbage
bags, drummed, and disposed of according to applicable regulations.
Whenever possible, sufficient equipment will be cleaned prior to mobilization and
transportation to the field so that the entire investigation can be conducted without the need for field
cleaning. When equipment does require cleaning in the field, cleaning procedures will be conducted
in a predesignated area chosen to minimize potential cross contamination by airborne vapors and/or
dust. All field cleaning procedures will be documented in the field logbook. Following sample
collection, sampling equipment will be immediately rinsed with tap water.
5.1.1 General Procedures
The following steps will be used for decontamination of all field sampling equipment. Prior
to mobilization to the field:
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2.
3.
Wash the equipment in a contaminant free location with hot tap water containing
laboratory-grade (Liquinox) detergent.
Rinse several times with potable water.
Rinse glass or plastic equipment with 10 percent reagent grade nitric acid solution. This
rinse should not be used on stainless steel equipment.
4. Rinse with analyte-free water and allow to air dry.
BROWN AND CALDWELL 5-1 Qru,lil, A.ulll'cmU Proj«t P'-' • ~ 1992
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CHAPTER 5. SAMPUNG PROCEDURES
5. Rinse with pesticide-grade isopropyl alcohol and allow to air dry.
6. Wrap in clean aluminum foil to transport to the field.
Field cleaning procedures are as follows:
I. Wash the equipment in a relatively contaminant-free location with potable water
containing laboratory-grade (Liquinox) detergenL Scrub with a brush to remove any
soil.
2. Rinse several times with potable water.
3. Rinse glass or plastic equipment with 10 percent reagent grade nitric acid solution. This
rinse should not be used with stainless steel equipment.
4. Rinse with analyte-free/water and allow to air dry as best as possible.
5. Rinse with pesticide grade isopropyl alcohol and allow to air dry. If air drying is
impractical, follow with two analyte-free water rinses.
6. Wrap in clean aluminum foil.
5.1.2 Drilling Rigs, Augers, Soil Borers, and Other Associated Large Equipment
All drilling rigs and associated large equipment will be cleaned and decontaminated prior to
mobilization to the site. All equipment will be inspected to insure that there are no fluids leaking
from gaskets or seals. Prior to initiation of drilling activities, and between sample locations, the
equipment will be cleaned in a designated decontamination area equipped with a plastic-lined pit
or other containment structure that will catch and contain all decontamination fluids.
All portions of the equipment that will be over the borehole will be steam cleaned and wire
brushed to remove all rust, soil, and other material. The equipment will then be inspected to
determine that no oil, grease, hydraulic fluid, etc., is present. All downhole and associated
equipment will be cleaned by the following procedure:
I. Clean with tap water and Liquinox using a brush to remove particulate matter and
surface films. Steam cleaning and/or high pressure hot water washing may be
necessary. Hollow equipment will be cleaned inside and out.
2. Rinse thoroughly with potable water.
3. Rinse thoroughly with analyte-free/water.
BROWN AND CAWWELL 5-2 f2-alJI, Au~ Proj«t ,.,,_ -~ 1991
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CHAPTER 5. SAMPUNG PROCEDURES
4. Rinse thoroughly with pesticide grade isopropyl alcohol and allow to air dry.
5. Wrap with aluminum foil or clean plastic wrap to store or transport.
For all well casing, tremie tubing, etc., that arrive on-site with printing and/or writing on them,
the printing and/or writing should be removed before step 1 above. Emery cloth or sandpaper can
be used to remove the printing and/or writing. Most well material suppliers can supply materials
without printing and/or writing if it is specified when the materials are ordered.
5.1.3 Cleaning Procedures for Analyte-Free Water Containers
Borosilicate glass containers will be maintained for the purpose of transporting anal yte-free
water only. These containers will be cleaned by the following procedure:
• Wash containers thoroughly with hot tap water and Liquinox, using a bottle brush
to remove particulate matter and surface film.
• Rinse containers thoroughly with hot tap water.
• Rinse containers with 10 percent nitric acid.
• Rinse containers thoroughly with tap water .
• Rinse containers thoroughly with deionized water .
• Rinse twice with pesticide-grade isopropyl alcohol and allow to air dry for 24
hours.
• Cap with aluminum film, or caps with Teflon® liners.
Water will not be stored in the containers for longer than 3 days prior to mobilization in the
field.
5.1.4 Heavily Contaminated Equipment
Sampling equipment that becomes contaminated to a degree that standard cleaning procedures
outlined above are not effective shall be cleaned in a controlled location with acetone/hexane,
followed by standard cleaning methods. If equipment cannot be cleaned by this method, it will be
discarded or replaced.
BROWN AND CALDWELL 5-3 Qru,lit, A.uanllln' Proj«I Plan -D«n,,l,r,r 1992
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CHAPTER 5. SAMPUNG PROCEDURES
5.1.5 Well Development and Aquifer Property Measurement Equipment
All equipment used for well development and aquifer property measurement will be
decontaminated before and after use at each well. This will include, but is not limited to,
decontamination of all pumps, purging hailers, and downhole piping. New rope will be used at each
well location.
The decontamination procedures will be similar to those described for drilling equipment
(steam clean, detergent wash, solvent rinse, organic-free water triple-rinse).
5.1.6 Water Level Measurement Equipment
The electrical (sounding) tape or steel tape used to measure water levels will be
decontaminated to avoid chemical cross contamination between wells before and after use at each
well in the following manner:
I. Wash with laboratory-grade detergent and tap water.
2.
3.
Rinse with tap water.
Triple-rinse with organic-free water.
4. Place equipment in polyethylene bag for storage or transportation.
5.1.7 Sampling Jars and Containers
The outside of sampling jars and containers used for sending samples to the contract laboratory
will be decontaminated after the sample is taken and the lid is tight. Decontamination procedures
will consist of:
I. Scrub with detergent (Liquinox) solution and brush.
2. Rinse with potable water.
3. Place container in a polyethylene bag and seal.
A separate decontamination tub will be set up for these samples.
5.1.8 Personnel Decontamination
The personnel decontamination procedures to be used at the site will be performed at each
drilling location or other sampling sites before leaving the investigation areas. Each subcontractor,
BROWN AND CAWWEI.L 5-4 Q,,alitJ Au~ Projffl Plan -D«na#Hr 1992
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CHAPTER 5. SAMPUNG PROCEDURES
will provide all protective clothing for its own personnel and the equipment necessary to comply
with decontamination procedures specified in the Health and Safety Plan.
5.2 SAMPLING PROTOCOL
Sampling involves three distinct stages. First, sampling equipment is selected and prepared.
Second, the actual sample location is selected and prepared for sampling. Location preparation can
range from simply covering the ground and surrounding vegetation with clean polyethylene film to
prevent the sampling equipment from coming in contact with and becoming contaminated by the
ground and surrounding vegetation, to land clearing and partial excavation to facilitate access to the
required sample location. The preparation procedures will be selected based upon site conditions.
The third stage is the actual collection of the sample, filling of the sample containers, and
documentation. In all cases the following sampling procedures will be observed:
I.
2.
3.
Volume of each subsample of a composite (if applicable) will be recorded in the field
logbook;
Split samples will be mixed in a large, precleaned container, then distributed among
sample bottles;
Duplicates for soil will be collected from the same sample source.
5.3 SAMPLE COLLECTION PROCEDURES
Sample collection procedures for soil samples will be identical for those samples collected
from the chemical and radiological waste sources and are addressed in Section 5.3.1. Monitoring
well installation and development, and groundwater sampling will be discussed in Sections 5.3.2 and
5.3.3, respectively.
5.3.1 Soil Sample Collection Procedures
Soil samples will be collected primarily with the use of a drill rig fitted with split-spoon
samplers. After selecting the sample location, the surface will be cleared of debris with a clean
shovel. Any concrete or asphalt pavement will be removed prior to borehole construction. A
borehole will then be constructed to a depth just above the desired sampling interval, and a lined
stainless steel split-spoon will be driven to the desired depth, and withdrawn.
Soil samples collected from areas inaccessible to a drill rig will be collected by the hand auger
method. A clean hand auger will be used to collect a sample of newly exposed soil at the desired
depth interval. For samples to be collected at depth intervals other than surface to 2 feet, a borehole
will be constructed to a depth just above the desired sample interval, and a clean auger bucket will
be used for collection of the sample.
BROWN AND CA.WWELL 5-5 tJ-alit, A.-Proj,d PIM -IJ«naHr 1992
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CHAPTERS. SAMPUNG PROCEDURES
In all cases, the uppermost one quarter of the volume of soil inside the split spoon or hand
auger will be discarded to avoid cross contamination of the sample with "fall back" from previous
strata. Samples will be mixed by the quarter/mix method: The sample is divided into quarters,
each quarter is mixed well, the four quarters are mixed together, and the sample is placed in
appropriate sample containers.
A clean pair of disposable latex gloves will be worn at each sample location. During sample
collection, sample container caps will not be placed on the ground or in the sampler's pockets. If
a sample container cap is dropped, it will be discarded and a new container cap will be used.
5.3.2 Monitoring Well Installation and Development
Monitoring well drilling locations will be marked by the project field team. Physical site
access and field conditions will affect their exact locations. Utilities, both underground and
aboveground, will be located prior to drilling and will be the driller's responsibility.
Drilling will be conducted with a truck-mounted hollow-stem auger or mud rotary drill rig.
All information will be documented in the project field logbook, to include the following
information:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Borehole number and location
Description of soils and subsurface conditions
Results of field screening with a photoionization defector
Type of drilling equipment, driller, and drilling company
Type and size of well screen
Depth to well screen
Drilling and sampling times
5.3.2.1 Monitoring Well Materials and Construction
install;~;t~s u:~~n;;l~~~~~e:i~;f~o;~~::~~~::~:i~:~~o~;~~u~~~~:i::o~ =~;\t;lf
entering the well during pumping and sampling. Conventional stainless steel ,,,.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,. ~;~e~c:~~ ~::: ~~at f~::Joa~-k ~:i~~e~
0
d:~i~~n::s~~~~~t a~t:~~n I~~ ;;~};;!i:!;);izl{fl1~1
screen. The annular space will be manually packed with the appropriate inert silica saiid"rirfef"jiiiclc::
Two type II and two type III wells will be installed (Figure 5-1). Consistent with the planned well
depth and subsurface conditions encountered.
The screen and attached well casing will be installed in a 6-inch borehole. A bentonite seal
will then be placed above the filter-pack and will be allowed to hydrate for the time period specified
by the manufacturers. A cement bentonite grout will then be placed above the bentonite seal up to
the ground surface. Two inch O.D. casing will be used for the monitoring wells. Schedule 5, 304
BROWN AND CALDWELL 5-6 Q,u,1-, Auiamtff Projm Plall -D«n,,l,r,r 1992
-------------------
LOCKABLE
TYPE II
(RESIDUAL SOIL WELL)
COVER -----"'"
··•.. ..
SOLID PIPE -----., ----GROUT SEAL
·-~ .. ; • .. ~-BOREHOLE -----,
THREADED JOINT
ALLOWS FOR IMPROVED
GRAVEL PACKING
SLOTTED PIPE----+""
{SCREEN)
>---BENTONITE
SEAL
t::::::::+--COARSE SAND OR
FINE GRAVEL
BOTTOM PLUG
(NOT TO SCALE)
TYPE Ill
(BEDROCK WELL)
PERMANENT CASING
SOLID PIPE-----ii+-1-
RESIDUAL
SEALS OFF CONTAMINATED
ZONE
SOIL
ROCK
BOREHOLE -------i· ,. "
THREADED JOINT ----1--1=1
ALLOWS FOR IMPROVED
GRAVEL PACKING
GROUT SEAL
BENTONITE
SEAL
SLOTTED PIPE ----+'<Fl .1.--COARSE SAND OR
(SCREEN) FINE GRAVEL
. --BOTTOM PLUG
(NOT TO SCALE)
Figure 5-1 Type II and Ill Water Quality Monitoring Wells
Source: Brown and Caldwell
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CHAPTER 5. SAMPUNG PROCEDURES
stainless steel casing and wire-wound screens with flush threaded joints will be installed. The
screen will be No. 10 slot and 10 feet in length. The screen's vertical interval may vary based upon
site-specific geology. Both casing and screen will be properly decontaminated prior to installation.
5.3.2.2 End Plugs and Well Caps
The end plug and well cap will be flush threaded, Schedule 5, 304 stainless steel. Markings,
writing, or paint strips are not pennitted on any of the materials. Well caps will be fitted with a
hasp to enable securing with a padlock.
5.3.2.3 Adjustable Centralizers
Centralizers, if detennined necessary by the on-site geologist, will be capable of maintaining
the casing and screen straight and plumb in the borehole during the well installation. The material
type will be stainless steel. Centralizers, if required, will be installed at 30-foot intervals. No
solvents or glues will be used.
5.3.2.4 Filter Pack
Each new well's filter pack will be No. I standard, 98-percent pure silica, cleaned with potable
water, and will have a unifonnity coefficient of I to 3 and a specific gravity of 2.6 to 2.7. The size
of the filter pack will be 6 to 20 unless otherwise noted in the field. Bentonite pellets will be 90-
percent montmorillonite clay, 1/4-inch, with a bulk dry density of 80 lbs/cu ft, a specific gravity of
1.2, and a pH of 8.5 to 10.5. Portland cement Type I will be used for the grout and will contain
three percent bentonite. Samples of filter pack material and bentonite will be collected and analyzed
for all parameters.
5.3.2.5 Surface Casing
A flush-mounted, watertight 16-gauge steel protective well cover will be installed. The
padlocks will be brass, corrosion-resistant, and keyed alike. The concrete surface pad will be 3 feet
by 3 feet by 6 inches according to ASTM C 150.
5.3.2.6 Well Development
Well development will begin no sooner than 24 hours, but no later than 48 hours after
placement of the grout by the drilling contractors. The development method will not introduce any
type of contamination into the aquifer. Introduction of potable water during drilling and
development will be minimized. Samples of water introduced will be collected and analyzed for
all parameters to be sampled at that location. A written report will be required describing reasons
why any introduced water could not be recovered. Any water introduced will be recovered to the
maximum extent possible within a reasonable amount of time. The development process will result
BROWN A.ND CALDWELL 5-8 Qtudit., A~ Proj.d P,-. D«nalH!r 1992
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CHAPTER S. SAMPUNG PROCEDURES
in wells that are sediment free. Stabilization of pH, conductivity, temperature, and sediment-free
water indicate proper development.
5.3.2.7 Lithologic Logs and Well Completion Diagrams
~§~E¥,f §t~l;t}1~1;;i;;~Elf.fil ■
5.3.3 Groundwater Sampling
Prior to purging a well for sampling, water level and total well depth readings will be taken
from the top of casing (TOC). This measure point will be located consistently on each well from
permanently established reference marks. The reference point will be documented in field records.
The measurement from the TOC to ground level will also be recorded. All water levels will be
made and recorded to the nearest 0.01 foot.
Water level measurements will be made using either a stainless steel tape or electrical water
level indicator. The electrical water level indicator consists of a spool of dual conductor wire, a
probe attached to the end, and an indicator. When the probe comes in contact with the water, the
circuit is closed and a meter light and/or buzzer attached to the spool will signal the contact. Either
piece of equipment used will be properly decontaminated between wells.
In the event that wells are sampled where an oily layer is present, a clear bailer will be used
to determine the thickness of the free phase layer. These wells should be sampled last to avoid
possible cross-contamination of the equipment.
All equipment entering the well will be decontaminated prior to and following well entry.
Clean, disposable latex gloves will be worn during all steps of groundwater sampling.
5.3.3.1 Purging
Wells will be purged before taking samples in order to clear the well of stagnant water in the
well casing that may not be representative of aquifer conditions. Wells will be purged until three
to five times the volume of standing water in the well have been removed and until the pH,
temperature, and specific conductance measurements of the groundwater being developed stabilize.
If a well is pumped dry, this constitutes an adequate purge and the well can be sampled following
the recovery.
The wells will be purged with either a bailer or a pump. Standard, decontaminated, stainless
steel bailers with a stainless steel or Teflon® leader will be lowered into the top of the water column,
BROWN AND CALDWEU 5-9 Q,u,litJ A.ul!l'mKW' Proj«t Pia • ~ 1991
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SOIL DORING CONSTnUCTION LOG --
PROJECT: _____________ DATE:
CODE: TIME: -------------
METHOD: _____________ LOGGER: _______ _
DEPTH FORMATION BLOWS
INTERVAL DESCRIPTION PER61N.
..
Figure 5-2 Example Lithologic Log
COMMENTS
BG Brown and Csldwell
Coosultanls ii&Piiimii
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Well Completion Log
W•II ID:
0,1111110 Method,
Prot•allve Ca■l11a (Feet ALSl1
Well Caal1110 H ■lc,rht fF••· ALSl1
Laiu• au,t■oe
Oroall
Top of 8a11tanlta (Feet BLSJ1
Top of Su1d P■olr (Feet BLSJi
Top of Sorao11 (Feat BLSli
Soraan,
Slota
Total D•DUI IFaat SLSJ1
Co•ptatlon Data, ____________ _
Figure 5-3 Example Well Completion Log
en Brown and Caldwell U Consullanls = =
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CHAPTER 5. SAMPUNG PROCEDURES
allowed to fill and then removed. The water will be discarded on-site. A pump will be used to
purge the higher producing wells. Only the intake line will be placed into the water column and
will be constructed of Teflon® or stainless steel. The inside and outside of the pump/pump head and
associated piping will be washed with laboratory-grade detergent and tap water, followed by a tap
water rinse to remove visible soapy film, and a deionized water rinse between wells.
In order to purge wells, the volume of water in the well will be calculated. To detennine the
volume, the following method will be used: measure the distance from the bottom of the well to
the static water level, then measure the inside diameter of the well or casing. Obtain the volume
of the well by the following fonnula:
Where
V=3.1416rh
h = depth of water in feet
r = radius of well in feet
V = volume of water in cubic feet
V multiplied by 7.48 will be the well volume in gallons.
The pumping rate of the pump used during well purging will be detennined by collecting the
flow of water from the pump in a bucket of known volume and measuring the time it takes to fill
the bucket The result will be flow rate in gallons per minute.
5.3.3.2 Groundwater Sample Collection Procedures
Following purging, samples will be collected using a closed-top Teflon® or stainless steel
bailer. Samples for analysis of volatile organic analytes will be collected first, extractables next,
then all other organics, and metals and other inorganics. All sam pies will be placed in coolers out
of the sun and iced as soon as possible after collection. All equipment will be decontaminated prior
to the sampling of each well. When bailing, new foil or plastic sheeting will be placed on the
ground around each well to prevent contamination of sampling equipment during bailing in the event
any equipment is dropped or otherwise comes into contact with the ground. The closed-top bailer
will have a leader of Teflon® coated wire on which braided nylon cord will be affixed and used to
raise and lower the bailer into the well without contacting the groundwater with the nylon cord. The
nylon cord and Teflon® coated wire will be discarded between wells.
Metals samples will be preserved with nitric acid to a pH of less than 2. Volatile samples will
be preserved with HCI.
BROWN AND CALDWELL 5-12 QMolit, A.~ Proj«t Plan -DrttnalNr 1991
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CHAPTER 5. SAMPUNG PROCEDURES
5.3.3.3 Determination of Groundwater Row Direction and Velocity
The site-specific groundwater flow conditions will be studied using three lines of investigation.
North Carolina Geologic Survey (NCGS) and U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources
Division (USGS-WRD) publications and file data
Site well water levels
5.4 SAMPLE CONTAINERS, PRESERVATION METHODS, AND HOLDING TIMES
Pre-cleaned and pre-preserved sample containers will be provided by the contracted laboratory.
The laboratory container cleaning procedures must meet USEPA protocol.
Table 5-1 identifies the proper containers, preservation techniques, and
maximum holding times established by 40 CFR Part 136.
5.5 SAMPLE PACKING FOR SHIPMENT
Samples to be transported will be placed individually in polyethylene bags,
and the bags will be sealed. The sealed bags will be placed in durable ice chests lined with a heavy
duty plastic bag. All samples will be segregated in the coolers by sample location. Vermiculite or
other suitable packing material will be placed around the samples to prevent breakage. Ice will be
packaged in leak-resistant plastic bags and placed on top of the samples. The plastic bag lining the
ice chest will be securely fastened. Chain-of-custody forms will be fastened to the inside top of the
cooler lid, and the ice chest will be securely taped with fiberglass reinforced packing tape. Chain-
of-custody seals will be attached to the top and sides of the ice chest.
Samples will be delivered directly to the laboratory by a member of the field sampling team
whenever possible. When this is not possible, samples will be shipped by Federal Express, Priority
Overnight. All airbill numbers will be recorded in the field logbook to facilitate sample tracking
if the cooler is misplaced.
5.6 FIELD RECORDS
All field activities will be recorded with waterproof, nonerasable ink in a project-dedicated
bound field logbook. The investigator's name and project name will be entered on the inside of the
front cover of the logbook. All entries will be dated and the time of entry will be recorded. The
investigator will begin each page of the logbook with his/her signature, and will draw a diagonal
line at the end of each day's activity.
All aspects of sample collection and handling as well as visual observations will be
documented in the field logbook. All sample collection equipment (where appropriate), field
analytical equipment, and equipment used to make physical measurements will be identified in the
BROWN AND CALDWELL 5-13 tJ-Jit, Aulfl'GMW' Projfft Plan -~ 1992
Table 5-1 40 CFR Part 136 Table II: Required Containers, Preservation Techniques, and Holding Times
(Water/Wastewater Samples)
Parameter number/name
Table IA-Bacterial Tests:
1-4. Coliform, fecal and total
5. Fecal streptococci
Table IB-Inorganic Tests:
I. Acidity
2. Alkalinity
4. Ammonia
9. Biochemical oxygen demand
II. Bromide
14. Biochemical oxygen demand
carbonaceous
15. Chemical oxygen demand
16. Chloride
17. Chlorine, total residual
21. Color
23-24. Cyanide, total and amenable to
chlorination
25. Fluoride
27. Hardness
Container
P,G
P,G
P,G
P,G
P,G
P,G
P,G
P,G
P,G
P,G
P,G
P,G
P,G
P,G
P,G
Preservation
Cool 4°C, 0.008% N<½S 2O3
5
Cool 4°C, 0.008% Na2S2O3
5
Cool 4°C
Cool 4°C
Cool 4°C, H2SO4 to pH<2
Cool 4°C
None required
Cool 4°C
Cool 4°C, H2SO4 to pH<2
None required
None required
Cool 4°C
Cool 4°C, H2SO4 to pH<2, 0.6g
ascorbic acid 5
None required
HNO3 to pH<2, H2SO4 to
pH<2
6 hours
6 hours
Max hold time
14 days
14 days
28 days
48 hours
28 days
48 hours
28 days
28 days
Analyze immediately
48 hours
14 days 6
28 days
6 months
i I
-------------------
Table 5-1 40 CFR Part 136 Table II: Required Containers, Preservation Techniques, and Holding Times
(Water/Wastewater Samples) (continued)
Parameter number/name Container Preservation Max hold time
28. Hydrogen ion (pH) P,G None required Analyze immediately
31,43. K jeldahl and organic nitrogen P,G Cool 4°C, H2SO4 to pH<2 28 days
Metals:7
18. Chromium VI PG Cool 4°C 24 hours
35. Mercury PG HNO3 to pH<2 28 days
3. 5-8, 10, 12, 13, 19, 20, 22, PG HNO3 to pH<2 6 months
26, 29, 30, 32-34, 36, 37, 45, 47, 51,
52, 58-60, 62, 63, 70-72, 74, 75.
Metals, except chromium VI and
mercury
38. Nitrate P,G Cool 4°C 48 hours
39. Nitrate-nitrite P,G Cool 4°C, H2SO4 lo pH<2 28 days
40. Nitrate P,G Cool 4°C 48 hours
41. Oil and grease P,G Cool 4°C, H2SO4 to pH<2 28 days
42. Organic carbon P,G Cool 4°C, HCI or H2SO4 to 28 days
pH<2
44. Orthophosphate P,G Filter immediately, Cool 4°C 48 hours
46. Oxygen, dissolved probe P,G None required Analyze immediately
47. Oxygen, Winkler P,G Fix on-site and store in dark 8 hours
48. Phenols P,G Cool 4°C, H2SO4 to pH<2 28 days
49. Phosphorus (elemental) P,G Cool 4°C 48 days
-------------~-----
Table 5-1 40 CFR Part 136 Table II: Required Containers, Preservation Techniques, and Holding Times
(Water/Wastewater Samples) (continued)
Parameter number/name Container Preservation Max hold time
50. Phosphorus, total P,G Cool 4°C, H2SO4 to pH<2 28 hours
53. Residue, total P,G Cool 4°C 7 days
54. Residue, filterable P,G Cool 4°C 7 days
55. Residue, nonfilterable (TSS) P,G Cool 4°C 7 days
56. Residue, settleable Cool 4°C 48 hours
57. Residue, volatile Cool 4°C 7 days
61. Silica Cool 4°C 28 days
64. Specific conductance Cool 4°C 28 days
65. Sulfate Cool 4°C 28 days
66. Sulfide Cool 4°C add zinc acetate plus 7 days
sodium hydroxide to pH>9
67. Sulfite None required Analyze immediately
68. Surfactants Cool 4°C 48 hours
69. Temperature None required Analyze
73. Turbidity Cool 4°C 48 hours
Table IC--Organic Tests:8 G, Teflon-Cool 4°C, 0.008% Na2 S2O3
5 14 days
lined
13, 18-20, 22, 24-28, 34-37, 39-43, G, Teflon-Cool 4°C, 0.008% Na2 S2O3
5 14 days
45-47, 56, 66, 88, 89, 92-95, 97. lined HCI to pH2 9
Purgeable halocarbons septum
6, 57, 90 Purgeable aromatic hydrocarbons ..
Table 5-1 40 CFR Part 136 Table II: Required Containers, Preservation Techniques, and Holding Times
(Water/Wastewater Samples) (continued)
Parameter number/name
3,4, Acrolein and acrylonitrile
23, 30, 44, 49, 53, 67, 70, 71, 83, 85, 96,
Phenols 11
7, 38. Benzidines 11
14, 17, 48, 50-52. Phthalate esters 11
72-74. Nitrosamines 11• 14
76-82. PCBs 11 acrylonitrile
54, 55, 65, 69. Nitroaromatics and
isophorone 11
1, 2, 5, 8-12, 32, 33, 58, 59, 64, 68, 84, 86.
Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons 11
15, 16, 21, 31, 75. Haloethers 11
29, 35-37, 60-63, 91. Chlorinated
hydrocarbons
87. TCDD 11
Container
G, Teflon-
lined
septum
G, Teflon-
lined cap
G, Teflon-
lined cap
G, Teflon-
lined cap
G, Teflon-
lined cap
G, Teflon-
lined cap
G, Teflon-
lined cap
G, Teflon-
lined cap
G, Teflon-
lined cap
G, Teflon-
lined cap
G, Teflon-
lined cap
Preservation
Cool 4°C, 0.008% Na2 SzO3
5
Adjust pH to 4.5 10
Cool 4°C, 0.008% Na2 S2O3
5
Cool 4°C, 0.008% Na2 S2O3
5
Cool 4°C
Cool 4°C, store in dark,
0.008% Naz S2O3
5
Cool 4°C
Cool 4°C, 0.008% Naz SzO3
5
store in dark
Cool 4°C, 0.008% Na2 S2O3
5
store in dark
Cool 4°C, 0.008% Naz S2O3
5
Cool 4°C
Cool 4°C, 0.008% Na2 S2O3
5
Max hold time
14 days
7 days until extraction, 40
days after extraction
7 days until extraction 13
7 days until extraction, 40
days after extraction
7 days until extraction, 40
days after extraction
7 days until extraction, 40
days after extraction
7 days until extraction, 40
days after extraction
7 days until extraction, 40
days after extraction
7 days until extraction, 40
days after extraction
7 days until extraction, 40
days after extraction
7 days until extraction, 40
days after extraction
Table 5-1 40 CFR Part 136 Table II: Required Containers, Preservation Techniques, and Holding Times
(Water/Wastewater Samples) (continued)
Parameter number/name Container Preservation Max hold time
Table ID--Pesticides Tests:
1-70. Pesticides 11 G, Teflon-Cool 4°C, 0.008% Na2 S2O3
5 7 days until extraction, 40
lined cap days after extraction
Table IE--Radiological Tests:
1-5. Alpha, beta and radium P, G HNO3 to pH<2 6 months
Table II Notes
1Polyethylene (P) or Glass (G).
2Sample preservation should be performed immediately upon sample collection. For composite chemical samples each aliquot
should be preserved at the time of collection. When use of an automated sampler makes it impossible to preserve each aliquot,
then chemical samples may be preserved by maintaining at 4°C until composting and sample splitting is completed.
3When any sample is to be stripped by common carrier or sent through the United States Mails, it must comply with the
Department of Transportation Hazardous Materials Regulations ( 49 CFR Part 172). The person offering such material for
transportation is responsible for ensuring such compliance. For the preservation requirements of Table II, the Office of
Hazardous Materials, Materials Transportation Bureau, Department of Transportation has determined that the Hazardous Materials
Regulations do not apply to the following materials: Hydrochloric acid (HCI) in water solutions at concentrations of 0.04% by
weight or less (pH about 1.96 or greater); Nitric acid (HNO3) in water solutions at concentrations of 0.15% by weight or less (pH
about 1.62 or greater); Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) in water solutions at concentrations of 0.35% by weight or less (ph about 1.15 or
greater); and Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) in water solutions at concentrations of 0.080% by weight or less (pH about 12.30 or
less).
4Samples should be analyzed as soon as possible after collection. The times listed are the maximum times that samples may be
held before analysis and still be considered valid. Samples may be held for longer periods only if the permittee, or monitoring
laboratory, has data on file to show that the specific types of samples under study are stable for the longer time, and has received
a variance from the Regional Administer under Part 136.6(e). Some samples may not be stable for the maximum time period
given in the table. A permittee, or monitoring laboratory, is obligated to hold the sample for a shorter time if knowledge exists
to show that this is necessary to maintain sample stability. See Part 136.3(c) for details.
--~----------------"
Table 5-1 40 CFR Part 136 Table II: Required Containers, Preservation Techniques, and Holding Times
(Water/Wastewater Samples) (continued)
Parameter number/name Container Preservation Max hold time
Table II Notes (continued)
5Should only be used in the presence of residual chlorine.
6Maximum holding time is 24 hours when sulfide is present. Optionally all samples may be tested with lead acetate paper before
pH adjustments in order to determine if sulfide is present. If sulfide is present, it can be removed by the addition of cadmium
nitrate powder until a negative spot test is obtained. The sample is filtered and then NaOH is added to pH 12.
7Samples should be filtered immediately on-site before adding preservative for dissolved metals.
8Guidance applies to samples to be analyzed by GC, LC, OR GC/MS for specific compounds.
9Sample receiving no pH adjustment must be analyzed within 7 days of sampling.
1°'The pH adjustment is not required if acrolein will not be measured. Samples for acrolein receiving no pH adjustment must be
analyzed within 3 days of sampling.
11 When the extractable analytes of concern fall within a single chemical category, the specified preservative and maximum
holding times should be observed for optimum safeguard of sample integrity. When the analytes of concern fall within two or
more chemical categories, the sample may be preserved by cooling to 4°C, reducing residual chlorine with 0.008% sodium
thiosulfate, storing in the dark, and adjusting the pH to 6-9; samples preserved in this manner may be held for 7 days before
extraction and for 40 days after extraction. Exceptions to this optional preservation and holding time procedure are noted in
footnote 5 (re: the requirement for thiosulfate reduction of residual chlorine), and footn5tes 12,1 13 !re: the analvsis of henzidi.oel. 12{[ I/ 2 d. h th fc · · lif d b d" h H f h I 4 0± .Z to prevelit rearrangement fo-lJenz1ome. -1 en raz ne 1 e to resen a u t e .o t e sa e t . . . 13 x acts llJay te r ore8 up ~o ~ys 15e1J're analyst~ 1f s\ora~e 1s conducTell un8er an mert (oxidant-free) atmosphere.
14For the analysis of diphenylnitrosamine, add 0.008% Na2S20 3 and adjust pH to 7-10 with NaOH within 24 hours of sampling.
15The pH adjustment may be performed upon receipt at the laboratory and may be omitted if the samples are extracted within
72 hours of collection. For the analysis of aldrin, add 0.008% Na2S20 3.
Reference:
QAPP\7200T5-1.QAP
This table is reprinted from 40 CFR Chapter I, Revised as of July I, 1988. According to Federal Register of
Thursday, September 3, 1987, preservation for Oil and Grease may also be performed with HCI.
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CHAPTER 5. SAMPLJNG PROCEDURES
field logbook. All calculations, results, and calibration data for field sampling, field analytical, and
field physical measurement equipment will be recorded in the field logbook.
All entries in field logbooks will be dated, will be legible, and will contain accurate and
inclusive documentation of an individual's project activities. If errors are made, corrections will be
made by crossing a single line through the error and entering the correct information. All
corrections will be initialed and dated by the individual making the correction.
Once completed, field logbooks become a part of the project files. This will enable all field
analyses, measurements, and activities to be traceable to the specific piece of field equipment used
and to the field investigator collecting the sample, making the measurements, or analyses.
5.7 WASTE DISPOSAL
Investigation-derived waste (i.e., decon water, disposable protective clothing, expendable
supplies, etc.) will be collected in 55-gallon drums and stored on-site until remedial activities are
initiated.
The drums will be properly labelled and staged on-site in a designated area adjacent to the
decontamination station.
\QAP\7200CH5.QAP
BROWN AND CALDWELL 5-20
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CHAPTER 6.0
SAMPLE CUSTODY
6.1 INTRODUCTION
The objective of sample custody procedures is to establish a complete documentation of
sample identification, sampling conditions, and sample handling, Standard procedures will be used,
including sample identification, maintenance of field records, and chain-of-custody documentation,
to maintain sample custody and controL
All sample identification. field, and chain-of-custody records will be recorded in waterproof,
nonerasable ink. If errors are made, corrections will be made by crossing a single line through the
error and entering the correct information. All corrections will be initialed and dated by the
individual making the correction.
Legal custody is defined as being in the sampler's or transferee's actual possession, in the
sampler's or transferee's view after being in his/her possession, in the sampler's or transferee's
physical possession and then secured by the sampler/transferee to prevent tampering, or placed in
a designated secure area. Sample custody will be the responsibility of the field team leader.
6.2 SAMPLE AND EVIDENCE IDENTIFICATION
A "sample" may be defined as any physical evidence collected from a facility, site, or the
environment. This includes all analytical samples, photographs, records, or any other tangible article
collected.
6.2. l Sample Identification
Samples collected for transport off-site will be identified using a standard
sample tag (see Figure 6-1). The sample tags will be sequentially numbered and
will be accountable documents after they are completed and attached to a sample
or other physical evidence. The following information shall be included on each
sample tag:
• Project or site name;
• Field identification or sample station number and a brief description of the
sampling location:
• Date and time of sample collection;
BROWN AND CA.LIJWF.LJ... 6-1 QM4'itJ ~ Proj«t Pia,, -Drttn,,INr 1992
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Preserva!IV8
,ri Yes D ~o 0 "' •
~ <3 ANALYSES ~ C f--0, ·;;; ci. BOO arucns ~ E '>All,<■ rTT~l ,me;, ·-0 0 u r-no rnr-N,rt-m•
F Phenollcs a • Mercurv C ~ <i!. Metal5 . Cvamae ~ • .. Organics GCIMS .,: E .• Volitile Ornana ;; "' • Pest1caes '<. • Q s DESCRIPTION :.
" HWSI SoiVSea.
HWSI Waler
0 z REMARKS s 0 .8 ~ "' g
~ s A ~
~ "'
8 Tag No. l.aO. Sa~le No.
0 4088 ~ ,;;:
CUSTODY SEAL BROWN ANO CALDWELL
COHSlA.JANfS
5110 El1onnoww mwt.., Sub 230
Tamc,a. FL 33634
(!!1131889-9515
FAX [phone]
Figure 6-1 Example Sample Tag and Custody Seal
BG Brown and Caldwell
Consultanls
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CHAPTER 6. SAMPLE CUSTODY
• Designation of sample as a grab or composite
• Type of sample (water, sediment, etc,);
• Signature of the sampler(s);
• Whether the sample is preserved or unpreserved, and the nature or the
preservative;
• Type of analyses to be performed;
• Relevant comments (color, odor, pH, etc.).
Sample station numbers will be assigned by the project manager. These ID numbers will be
generated by the code:
Where:
AA-BB-XX-YY
AA= two character unit designator (North Carolina State University; Medlin Residence)
BB = two character sample matrix code (Soil Sample, Ground Water, Field Blank,
etc.)
XX= Location designation (01, 02, etc.)
YY = depth interval code (01, 02, 03)
The exact descriptions of all sample locations and the sample ID number will be documented
in the field logbook. Sample ID numbers will also be recorded on the sample tag and Chain-of-
Custody; form.
I
Split samples will be identified with tags containing identical information. Control samples,
such as blanks or spikes, will be recorded as such on the sample tags. "Blind" spikes or duplicate
samples will be given fictitious sample station numbers. The exact description of all samples will
be recorded in the field logbook.
6.2.2 Physical Evidence Identification
Physical evidence, other than samples, will be identified by using sample tags and by
recording all information necessary to identify the location of the collection point, time and date of
collection, collector(s) initials, and any other relevant information. This information will also be
recorded in the field logbook.
BROWN AND C.4UJWEU 6-3 Q,u,lilJ Au~ Projttt Plan -JJ,«.,,,.. 1992
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CHAPTER 6. SAMPLE CUSTODY
6.2.3 Photographic Evidence
All photographs taken during field investigations will be labeled with the following
infonnation:
•
•
•
•
•
A description of the photograph;
Project name;
Location of the photograph;
Photographer's initials;
Date and time of the photograph .
Photographs taken with a Polaroid-type camera will be labeled immediately. Infonnation
about photographs taken with a camera using roll film will be recorded frame by frame in the field
logbook, and photos will be labeled by the field investigator as soon as they are developed. All
photographs and negatives will be sleeved and incorporated into project files.
6.3 CHAIN-OF-CUSTODY
Legal chain-of-custody for all samples will originate with the laboratory supplying sample
containers and will be maintained until sample disposal. A signed custody fonn, included with the
sample bottles, will be required from the contracting laboratory. This custody fonn will be signed
by the field team leader upon receipt of the sample containers and maintained in project files.
Sample custody will remain the responsibility of the field team leader until return delivery of
samples to the laboratory.
6.3. l Sample Chain-of-Custody
All samples transported off-site will be accompanied by a chain-of-custody
record. A separate chain-of-custody record will be generated for each facility
receiving accountable samples. An example chain-of-custody fonn is presented
as Figure 6-2. Chain-of-custody records will include:
• Project name;
• Sampler(s) signature(s);
• Site name and address;
• Sample ID number or location;
• Date;
• Time in local 24-hour designation;
• Type of sample (grab or composite);
• Brief description of station location;
• Total number of sample containers and the total number of individual containers
for each type of analysis;
• Sample tag number and comments;
BROWN AND CALDWEIL 6-4 Q,uditJ Aul!l'lllln' Proj«t Pllllt -D«nalNr 1992
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Figure 6-2 Example Chain-of-Custody Form
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CHAPTER 6. SAMPLE CUSTODY
• Date, time, and signature of person relinquishing the samples, and the same for
the person receiving them;
• Airbill or freight number, if samples are shipped by a common courier.
The chain-of-custody record is a serialized document Once this record is generated it
becomes an accountable document and is maintained in the project files.
6.3.2 Field Custody Procedures
The field investigator will be personally responsible for the care and custody of all collected
samples until they are formally and properly transferred to another person. Samples will be handled
by as few people as possible.
All samples or other physical evidence will be tagged and sealed with a signed and dated
custody seal by the field team leader immediately upon collection. The sample will then be
recorded on the chain-of-custody record, bagged, and packed on ice. The chain-of-custody
documents will be placed in a large zip-lock bag, and sealed with a custody seal in such a way as
to prevent opening without breaking the seal, and stored inside the sample cooler with the samples.
A broken custody seal will be noted on the chain-of-custody record, and replaced.
The chain-of-custody will be maintained during shipping by noting the airbill or freight
number in the remarks section of the document. and by maintaining copies of the chain-of-custody
record and airbilUfreight bill in permanent project files.
6.3.3 Transfer of Custody and Shipment
During transfer of custody, all physical evidence or sample sets will be accompanied by a
chain-of-custody record. The persons relinquishing and receiving the samples both sign, date, and
note the time of receipt on the chain-of-custody record.
Sample shipping containers will be secured with fiberglass reinforced packing tape. Shipping
containers will be affixed with custody seals in a manner that will prevent opening without breaking
the seal. One copy of the chain-of-custody record will be retained by the field team leader, one will
be retained by the laboratory or organization receiving the samples, and one will be sent to the
client.
6.4 SAMPLE PRESERVATION REAGENTS
Records concerning the purity and preparation of reagents used as preservatives will be kept
as part of the custody record to ensure the integrity of preserved samples. All reagents will have
identifying lot numbers, and chemical analysis of the lot will be available.
BROWN AND CA.WWELL 6-6 QaolilJ Au~ Proj«t Plan -D«....,.1992
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CHAPTER 6. SAMPLE CUSTODY
Blank samples will ensure maintenance of reagent purity during the sampling period. All
measurements connected with preserving a sample (quantity added, initial and final pH, etc.) will
be recorded in the field logbook under the specific sample station number.
6.5 FIELD LOGS
Field logs will be maintained in bound, waterproof notebooks that will contain, at a minimum:
• The date and time of sample collection;
• Site name and street address;
• Description of sampling points (sample locations directly traceable to a site map,
latitude/longitude, description of key landmarks, etc.);
• Name(s) or sampler(s);
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Ambient conditions;
Description of all equipment used during purging/sampling;
Field identification numbers for each sample and the order in which samples were
collected;
Types of preservatives used and all applicable preservative test data;
All field measurement data and records of field equipment calibration data,
standard lot numbers, expiration dates, and problems encountered during
calibration or operation of the equipment;
Types of Quality Control samples collected, including location, time, and
associated sampling event;
Depth at which soil samples were collected;
All field cleaning procedures;
• Any use of fuel powered equipment during sampling;
• Drilling methods and mud type (if used);·
BROWN AND CALDWELL 6-7 Q-lit, ~ Proj«t Pfa · ~ 1992
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CHAPTER 6. SAMPLE CUSTODY
Figures 6-3 and 6-4 provides examples of the specific form to be used to log
soil boring geologic descriptions and well completion. These forms will be
maintained in the project files.
6.6 LABORATORY CHAIN-OF-CUSTODY
Laboratory chain-of-custody will be the responsibility of the contracting laboratory and will
meet the guidelines set forth in the USEPA Region IV Standard Operating Procedures and Quality
Assurance Manual. (1991).
QAP\7200CH6.QAP
BROWN AND CALDWELL 6-8 QIUIUtJ ~ Projtd Pia· Dttnlba 1992
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SOIL DORING CONSTT1UCT10N LOG - ----- . = -==· -..
PROJECT: _____________ DATE:
CODE: TIME: -------------
METHOD: ______________ LOGGEFl: _______ _
DEPTH FORMATION BLOWS
INTERVAL DESCRIPTION PER 61N.
-
Figure 6-3 Example Lithologic Log
COMMENTS
BG Brown and Caldwell
Consuhanls &..a
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Well Completion Log
Well I D1
0,1111110 Melhod1
Well C••l11g Hel9llt ,, ••• ALSJ1
L••d Surh••
Caah101
Too ol B•11to111te (Feet BLSls
Top or Safld PHi' ,, ••• Bl.SJ,
Top of Sorea1t C,aat BLSJi
Scraa111
Sloll
Total DaoUt (Feet Bl.SJ,
Figure 6-4 Example Well Completion Log
BG Brown and Caldwell
Consultar<s =
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CHAPTER 7.0
CAUBRATION PROCEDURES AND FREQUENCY
7.1 ANALYTICAL LABORATORY
7. I. I Calibration Standards
Calibration standards will be traceable to the National Institute of Standards and Technology
(NIST) or USEPA, whenever such standards are available. Commercial sources of standards and
reagents will be checked for purity, and approved, prior to their use in analysis.
All standards prepared for use throughout the laboratory will be assigned a code number. The
standard code number will be entered in a bound standard notebook with all information regarding
the preparation of that standard (i.e., date, technician, name of each compound and amount used,
final volume, and solvent used). All standard containers will be labelled with the standard's
identification, lot number, code, manufacturer, and date.
The instrument response obtained for each compound in a newly prepared standard will be
compared to the response obtained from the previous standard. The two standards will agree within
15 percent (for all but a few compounds recognized as being chromatographably atypical) or the
new standard will not be used until the discrepancy has been resolved. The working lifetime of
standard preparations will be dependent upon the compound types comprising the standards. Shelf-
life of standards will be determined during storage stability studies carried out by the Brown and
Caldwell Analytical Laboratory.
7.1.2 GC/MS Calibration
Gas Chromatograph/Mass Spectrometer analyses are extremely important to the overall
accuracy and precision of Brown and Caldwell Analytical results. In order that the results from
these analyses will be of acceptable quality, a rigorous program of calibration and quality assurance
has been established.
Instruments will be calibrated before being put into service. Instruments will be recalibrated
at regular specified intervals consistent with the manufacturer's recommendations. Instrument
response is subjected to checks between the regular recalibrations. The nature and frequency of
such checks are specified in the Brown and Caldwell Analytical Laboratory Instrument Procedures.
Brown and Caldwell Analytical maintains adequate records of all calibrations, recalibrations, and
in-service checks of instruments. The schedule of checks depends on the experience of the
laboratory's maintenance needs. All calibrations will be traceable to primary standards of
measurement. Where the concept of traceability of measurements to primary standards is not
applicable, the laboratory will provide satisfactory evidence of correlation or accuracy of test results.
BROWN AND CALDWELL 7-1 Q,u,UtJ An~ Projttl P"--Dwu.Hr 1992
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CHAPTER 7. CAUBRATION PROCEDURES AND FREQUENCY
Analysts, assistant mangers, lab managers, and QA staff will inspect all calibration data for
completeness and validity. Forms will be checked for arithmetic and procedural errors. Recurring
errors, caused either by individual operators or by ambiguously worded instructions, will be brought
to the attention of the department senior laboratory staff or laboratory management for corrective
action.
Once per shift, each GC/MS will be fine tuned using decafluorotriphenylphosphine (DFfPP)
or bromofluorobenzene (BFB}, depending on the use of the instrument. The mass spectrum obtained
from DFfPP will meet the criteria described by the USEPA Caucus Organics Protocol of the
Contract Laboratory Program (CLP). For DFfPP, the key ion and ion abundance criteria are:
m/e Ion Abundant Criteria
51 30 to 60 percent of mass 198
68 less than 2 percent of mass 69
70 less than 2 percent of mass 69
127 40 to 60 percent of mass 198
197 less than l percent of mass 168
198 base peak, 100 percent relative abundance
199 5 to 9 percent of mass 198
27 5 10 to 30 percent of mass 198
365 l percent of mass 198
441 less than mass 443
442 greater than 40 percent of mass 198
443 17 to 23 percent of mass 442
When volatile organics are analyzed, DFfPP cannot be used because of it slow volatility. In
these cases, bromofluorobenzene (BFB) will be used. The key ion abundance criteria are:
BROWN AND CALDWELL
m/e Ion Abundant Criteria
50 15 to 40 percent of the base peak
7 5 30 to 60 percent of the base peak
95 Base Peak, 100 percent relative abundance
96 5 to 9 percent of the base peak
173 less than l percent of the base peak
17 4 greater than 50 percent of the base peak
175 5 to 9 percent of mass 174
176 Greater than 50 percent of the base peak
177 5 to 9 percent of mass 176
7-2 Q,u,JitJ A.ulll'Glltt Proj«t Plan -lJttnalHr l 992
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CHAPTER 7. CAUBRATION PROCEDURES AND FREQUENCY
The GC/MS is calibrated once it has met key ion abundance criteria. Calibration curves will
be generated as outlined in the Caucus Organics Protocol. After the master set of instrument
calibration curve has been established, they are verified each shift by injecting at least one standard
solution. If significant drift has occurred, a new calibration curve will be constructed. The drift is
defined in USEPAs requirements as specified in the CLP SOW.
7 .1.3 Inorganics Calibration
Metals, except mercury, will be analyzed using furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS)
and ICP spectroscopy. The analysis procedure involves two steps: digestion and subsequent
instrumental analysis. The quality of these results will be maintained by several key procedures.
For each batch of samples in the digestion process, a method blank will be included. This
blank will be analyzed along with the samples to show that there were no contaminants introduced
by the reagents or laboratory procedures.
For inorganic analyses by AAS or ICP, initial calibration will be performed using dilutions
of stock metal solutions. For AAS calibration, a blank and at least three calibration standards will
be employed. For ICP analyses, a mid-concentration level standard will be analyzed. Prior to ICP
calibration and on a quarterly basis, a linear range verification check standard will be analyzed for
each element The analytically determined concentration of the standard will be within 5 percent
of the true value. This concentration is the upper limit of the ICP linear range. Results will not
be reported beyond that upper concentration level unless they are a result of an appropriate dilution/
reanalysis. After the AAS and ICP systems have been calibrated for every analyte, the initial
calibration will be required to be verified for accuracy. This will be accomplished by immediately
analyzing an EPA Initial Calibration Verification Solution or any other independent standard at a
concentration other than that used for calibration, but within the calibration range. An independent
standard is one composed of the elements from a different source than those used in the initial
calibration.
In order to assure calibration accuracy during the course of sample analyses another QC
sample, a Continuing Calibration Verification Standard, will be analyzed at a frequency of
10 percent or every 2 hours during the analysis run (whichever is more frequent), for each analyte.
The analyte concentrations in continuing Calibration Verification Standards will be near the mid-
range level of the calibration curve. The initial and Continuing Calibration Verification Control
Limits are:
BROWN AND CALDWELL 7-3 QrurlitJ A.uarmuw' Proj«:I Plan -Dtt..ba 19fl
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CHAPTER 7. CAUBRATION PROCEDURES AND FREQUENCY
% of True Value (EPA Set)
Analytical method Inorganic species Low limit High limit
ICP spectroscopy/flame Metals 90 110
atomic absorption
Furnace AAS Metals 90 110
Tin 80 120
Cold vapor AAS Mercury 80 120
Other Cyanide 85 115
7 .1.4 Additional Instrumental Requirements
On a quarterly basis, instrument detection limits will be determined for each ICP and AAS
system used for the analyses of metals. This will be accomplished by multiplying by three the
average of the standard deviations obtained on three nonconsecutive days from the analysis of a
standard solution of each analyte in reagent water. The concentration of each analyte in the standard
solution will be at 3 to 5 times the instrument detection limit. Seven consecutive measurements per
day,per analyte will be required.
On a quarterly basis, interelement and background correction factors will be determined for
ICP analyses using an Interference Check Sample. This measure will determine the potential false
analyte signals caused by the presence of high levels of certain commonly occurring elements found
in environmental samples.
7.2 FIELD SAMPLING
A YSI model 15 or equivalent conductivity meter will be used to measure specific
conductance. A KCl solution, prepared by the laboratory, will be used to calibrate the meter
immediately before each sample reading. The conductance of the standard will be selected to be
near that anticipated for the sample. Reported specific conductance values will be corrected for
temperature and reported at 25°C. An Orion model 407 A or equivalent pH meter will be used to
measure pH. Prepared standards of pH 4.0, 7 .0, and 10.0 will be used to standardize the meter
immediately before each sample reading. The two pH standards used will be chosen to bracket the
sample pH. The logging of purchased standards and associated record keeping will conform to the
ECB SOPQAM guidelines (USEPA, 1991).
BROWN AND CALDWELL 7-4 Q,u,lit, A.u-....u Projffl P1a,s • Dttn,.,,r 1992
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CHAPTER 7. CAUBRATTON PROCEDURES AND FREQUENCY
Temperature will be measured with a calibrated thermometer in degrees
celsius. Calibration will be traceable to the National Institutes of Standards and
Technology. Figures 7-1 and 7-2 are the forms which will be used to document
calibration and equipment control for field equipment
Volatile organics will be determined with an HNU model 101, Photovac
Microtip, or equivalent. The meter will be calibrated according to manufacturer's specifications at
the beginning of each day it is used. Calibration will be verified at the end of each day. Standard
gases will be used in calibration. If necessary, calibration will be performed off-site to obtain zero
air. The meter reading produced by the standard gas will be between 97 and I 03 percent of the
reported concentration of the standard gas.
The radiation levels of site samples will be measured in the field using an Eberline
Model ESP-2 microcomputer based survey instrument, ratemeter and scaler, equipped with the
following detectors:
AC-3-8 alpha scintillation probe
SPA-6 gamma scintillation probe
HP-260 beta/gamma geiger-mueller probe or LEG-I beta/gamma scintillator
The instrument will be calibrated by the manufacturer using NIST traceable standards, prior
to use. Calibration documentation will be furnished. The performance of this equipment will be
spot-checked by the Victoreen Model 190, used in the field sample screening task (Section 7.3).
Equipment operation and performance will be verified at least hourly according to the
manufacturer's requirements.
Note: Appropriate Victoreen, Bicron of Ludlum instrument may be substituted for the
Eberline equipment, if needed.
7.3 FIELD SCREENING
Field screening of samples will be performed in order to select specific samples for analytical
laboratory analysis and to make on-site decisions relative to the need for adding or subtracting the
numbers of sampling points to be used during the Remedial Investigation. The field screening task
will include the use of radiation detection instruments and a portable gas chromatograph to test for
the presence of indicator organic compounds.
The initial field screening will be performed for radiation, using the Victoreen Model 190
radiation survey and count rate meter equipped with a Model 110D geiger-mueller detector probe.
The instrument will be utilized to measure sample beta and gamma radiation in micro-Roentgens
per hour (uR/hr). The instrument will be calibrated by the manufacturer using NIST traceable
BROWN AND CALDWELL 7-5 Q,,alilJ A.a~ Profec:t Pltat -IJ«naH!r 1992
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EQUIPMENT CALIBRATION REPORT
'DENTIRCA TION
(1) EQUIPMENT NAME:-------------------
(2) SERIAL OR IOENTIRCATION NUMBER:--------------
(J) EQUIPMENT CONTROLLED BY DEPARTMENT NUMBER: _______ _
CALIBRATION
(5) TRACEABLE MEASURING !c TEST EQUIPMENT USED FOR CALIBRATION
EO\JIPMENT NAME SERIAL OR INDENTIRCA TION NUMBER
(6) fABLE OF CORRECTIONS
STANDARD READING I ACTUAL READING IDE"1ATION I o™ER
UNITS: luN1TS: I UN1TS: I
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(7) REMARKS:
(8) EQUIPMENT STATUS: CONFORMING __ NONCONFORMING __
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(9) CALIBRATION PERFORMED BY: _______________ _
(10) DATE OF CALIBRATION: _________________ _
(11) RECALIBRATION DUE DATE:-----------------
Figure 7-1 Equipment Calibration Report
BG Brown and calclweH
Consultanls as i::..:11
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EQUIPMENT CONTROL RECORD
IDENTIFlCA TION
(1) EQUIPMENT NAME: ____________________ _
(2) SERIAL OR IDENTIFICATION NUMBER: _______________ _
(J) EQUIPMENT CONTROLLED BY DEPARTMENT NUMBER: _________ _
{ 4) MANUrACTURER: ____________________ _
(5) MODEi. NUMBER: ____________________ _
EQUIPMENT CALIBRATION REQUIREMENTS & SPEC1F1CA TIONS
(6) CALIBRATION REFERENCE: __________________ _
(7) CALIBRATION fREQUENCY: -------------------
(8) PROPERTIES CALIBRATED:-------------------
(9) UNITS or MEASURE; ___________________ _
(10) RANGE OF OPERATION•;_ __________________ _
(11) SIZES OF' GRADUATION: __________________ _
(12) ALLOWABLE DEVIATION; ___________________ _
(1J) TYPE or =FlCATION: -------------------
(14) REMARKS: ______________________ _
Figure 7-2 Equipment Control Record
BG Brown and Caldwell
Consultarts
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CHAPTER 7. CAUBRATION PROCEDURES AND FREQUENCY
standards prior to site use. A manufacturer-furnished check source will be utilized at least twice
daily to test instrument response and at least once before each working shift.
The second field screening step will employ the use of a field portable gas chromatograph
(GC). The GC will be capable of achieving DQO Level II. Two factors are employed in the
calibration of the HNU 311 gas chromatograph: column retention time and detector response.
When a sample containing a specific analyte is injected into the chromatographic column, the time
required for the analyte to pass through the column, or column retention time, is dependant on the
specific physical and chemical nature of that analyte, and is repeatable under a given set of
operating conditions. Different analytes will be retained in the column for different time intervals.
The initial step in the calibration process will be to detennine what the retention times for
each analyte of concern will be under the specific operating conditions selected for this project.
Following this, a standard containing these analytes at concentrations within the range expected in
the actual samples will be injected into the column. Again, the specific chemical and physical
nature of the analytes will result in a analyte-specific response as each compound passes through
the detector. This response is then used to calculate a response factor.
The first analyte to elute from the compound is designated as the reference compound (re),
and is arbitrarily assigned a response factor of 1.0. Subsequent response factors are calculated as:
Where:
(R,jC.,) x (C,/R,)
R., = Actual response of the reference compound
C., = Concentration of the reference compound
Cc1 = Concentration of compound i
R.,, = Actual response of compound i
The retention time, standard concentration, response factor and compound identification code
for each analyte are then entered into the GC integrator. The GC is set to calibration mode, and a
standard of the reference compound is injected into the column. The concentration of the reference
compound in the standard is entered into the GC integrator, and the integrator sets the calibration
for subsequent compounds by relative response.
Following this calibration step, a standard containing all analytes is injected as a calibration
check.
QAP\7200C:H7.QAP
BROWN AND CAWWELL 7-8 Q-lit, Au.,._. Proj«t Pia. -~ 1992
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CHAPTER 8.0
ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES
8.1 CONTRACT LABO RA TORY PROGRAM PROCEDURES
~~~t22~~?fE~~~~l}~1~~ ii
estimated method detection limits are presented in Chapter 4 (fables 4-3 to 4-8).
Brown and Caldwell Analytical (BCA) anticipates attaining these detection limits. However,
sample-specific detection limits are highly matrix dependent and BCA will establish specific
detection limits for the different types of samples being collected at the site.
Constituents analyzed following CLP procedures will be released only after each sample batch
has been reviewed to demonstrate that the sample results meet the contract-mandated accept/reject
criteria for the specific analyses. These criteria are presented in Section 3.2
BCA anticipates meeting the accepted precision and accuracy criteria for CLP analyses. The
QC control limits will be met with no outliers. An analysis will be considered an outlier if the
results of more than one surrogate spike recovery are outside of or if the variation between duplicate
analyses exceeds the Data Quality Objectives. If an outlier occurs on the first analysis of a sample,
that sample will immediately be reanalyzed following the CLP reanalysis procedures. After the
reanalysis is completed, if the outlier is still present, Brown and Caldwell Analytical will report
these results to the Brown and Caldwell QA Officer and the North Carolina State University Project
Coordinator. The Brown and Caldwell QA Officer will contact the USEPA Remedial Project
Manager and will, together with the Brown and Caldwell Analytical QA Manager, attempt to
determine the reason for the outlier. If there is a problem on a significant number of samples
(greater than 5 percent of the total number of samples collected for the matrix type), BCA will
recommend to the Brown and Caldwell QA Officer if additional sampling should be considered, and
the level of effort which would be sufficient to address the problem. Before any additional sampling
would occur, USEPA would approve or modify the proposed activities.
8.2 FIELD ANALYSES
Several analytical methods will be performed for each aqueous sample collected. Specific
conductance, pH, temperature, and volatile organics will be measured for each aqueous sample
collected. Appropriate electronic field equipment will be used.
QAP\720CX:::H8.QAP
BROWN AND CALDWELL 8-1 Q1U1U1J AulU'GRtt Ptvj«t Plan -lJttnllJNr 1992
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Table 8-1 Contract Laboratory Program Target Compound Listffarget Analyte List
Chloromethane
Bromomethane
Vinyl chloride
Chloroethane
Methylene chloride
Acetone
Carbon disulfide
I, 1-Dichloroethene
1, 1-Dichloroethane
trans-1,2-Dichloroethene
Chloroform
1,2-Dichloroethane
2-Butanone
I, I, J. Trichloroethane
Carbon tetrachloride
Vinyl acetate
Bromodichloromethane
1, 1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
1,2-Dichloropropane
trans-I 3-Dichloro ro ne
Phenol
bis(2-Chloroethyl)ether
2-Chlorophenol
1,3-Dichlorobenzene
1,4-Dichlorobenzene
Benzyl alcohol
1,2-Dichlorobenzene
2-Methylphenol
bis(2-Chloroisopropyl)ether
4-Methylphenol
n-Nitroso-dipropylamine
hexachloroethane
Nitrobenune
Isophorone
2-Nitro henol
Volatile Organic Compounds
Trichloroethene
Dibromochloromethane
1, 1,2-Trichloroethane
Benune
cis-1,3-Dichloropropene
2-Chloroethyl vinyl ether
Bromoform
2-Hexanone
4-Methyl-2-pentanone
Tetrachloroethene
Toluene
Chlorobenzene
Ethylbenune
Styrene
Xylenes (total)
Base/Neutral and Acid Extractables
Dimethylphthalate
Acenaphthylene
3-Nitroaniline
Acenapthene
2,4-Dinitrophenol
4-Nitrophenol
Dibenzofuran
2,4-Dinitrotoluene
2,6-Dinitrotoluene
Diethylphthalate
4-Chlorophenyl phenyl ether
Fluorene
4-Nitroaniline
4,6-Dinitro-2-methylphenol
n-Nitroso-di hen !amine
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Table 8-1 Contract Laboratory Program Target Compound Listrrarget Analyte List
Base/Neutral and Acid Extractables continued
2,4-Dimethylphenol
Benzoic acid
bis(2-Chloroethoxy)methane
2,4-Dichlorophenol
1,2,4-trichlorobenzene
Naphthalene
4-Chloroaniline
Hexachlorobutadiene
4-Chloro-3-methylphenol
2-Methylnaphthalene
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
2,4,5-Trichlorophenol
2-Chloronapththalene
2-Nitroaniline
alpha-BHC
beta-BHC
delta-BHC
gamma-BHC (Lindane)
Aldrin
Heptachlor epoxide
Endosulfan I
Dieldrin
4,4-DDE
Endrin
Endosulfan II
4,4-DDD
Endosulfan Sulfate
4,4-DDT
4-Bromophenyl phenyl ether
hexachlorobenzene
Pentachlorophenol
Phenanthrene
Anthracene
Di-n-butylphthalate
Auoranthene
Pyrene
Butyl benzyl phthalate
3,3-Dichlorobenzidine
Benzo(a)anthracene
bis(2-Ethylhexyl)phthalate
Chrysene
Di-n-octyl phthalate
Benzo(b )fluoranthene
Benzo(k)fluoranthene
Benzo(a)pyrene
Indeno( 1,2,4-cd)pyrene
Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene
Benzo h i e Jene
Pesticides/PCBs
Endrin ketone
Methoxychlor
Chlordne
Toxaphene
Heptachlor
Aroclor-1016
Aroclor-1221
Aroclor-1232
Aroclor-1242
Aroclor-1248
Aroclor-1254
Aroclor-1260
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Table 8-1 Contract Laboratory Program Target Compound Listffarget Analyte List
(continued)
Aluminum
Antimony
Arsenic
Barium
Beryllium
Cadmium
Calcium
Chromium
Cobalt
Copper
Iron
Lead
QAPP\7200T8-l.QAP
Metals and C anide
Magnesium
Manganese
Mercury
Nickel
Potassium
Selenium
Silver
Sodium
Thallium
Vanadium
Zinc
C anide
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Table 8-2 Analytical Methods
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Parameter
Sample Preparation
Separatory fwmel
Liquid-Liquid extraction
Sonication
Purge and Trap
Organic Compounds
Base/neutraVacid
Extractible compounds
Volatile Compounds
Pesticides and PCBs
Inorganics
ICP
Ag, AI, Sb, Ba, Be,Ca, Cr, Co,
Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, K, Na, V,
Zn
Furnace AA
Arsenic
Cadmium
Lead
Selenium
Thallim
Cold-Vapor AA
Mercury (in water)
Mercury
Other
Cyanide
I \QAPP\7200T8-2.QAP
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Method
reference
CLP-SOW
CLP-SOW
CLP-SOW
CLP-SOW
CLP-SV
CLP-VOA
CLP-PEST
200.7 CLP-M
206.2 CLP-M
213.2 CLP-M
239.2 CLP-M
270.2 CLP-M
279.2 CLP-M
245.1 CLP-M
245.5 CLP-M
335.2 CLP-M
Method
description
Preparation of samples for determination of
nonvolatile extractible organic compounds.
Removal and isolation of volatile organic
compounds from water, soils. sediments or
other media.
GC/MS analysis of semi-volatile and non-
volatile compounds
GC/MS analysis of volatile compounds.
GC analysis of pesticides and PCBs in water,
soils and sedimenls.
Inductively coupled plasma determination.
Atomic absorption furnace techniques.
Atomic absorption furnace techniques.
Atomic absorption furnace techniques.
Atomic absorption furnace techniques.
Atomic absorption furnace techniques.
Cold vapor generation and atomic adsorption
analysis.
Cold vapor generation and atomic adsorption
analysis.
Distillation and trapping of HCN gas followed
by colorimetric measurement.
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CHAPTER 9.0
DATA REDUCTION, VALIDATION, AND REPORTING
Brown and Caldwell Analytical's (BCA) general procedures for analytical data validation are
based on results of internal quality control procedures discussed in detail in Chapter 10.
BCA will report compounds tentatively identified by GC/MS in addition to the CLP Target
Compound List. Up to 10 volatile organic compounds will be identified. Each tentatively identified
compound will have a peak height or peak area at least 10 percent as great as the closest internal
standard. BCA will supply mass spectra of both the tentatively identified compounds and the NIST
library standards.
Data generated in the field (e.g., field water-quality measurements, boring logs, water-surface
elevations) will be reviewed by a second technically qualified specialist for completeness of records,
calibration logs, and consistency of data with known physical-chemical principles. The reviewer
will be responsible for. resolving any questions in the data and will initial and date the data
reviewed. '
The data generated during the sample collection and analysis will be centralized into one
project file. This includes field logs and Xerox® copy pages of the chemists' work notebook,
including sample weights, dilutions, concentrations, data reduction, instrument logs, and all raw data.
The project file will also include all instrumental data which are organized by a table of contents,
as well as the sample injection sheets. The injection sheets will also contain information about the
instrument conditions. The data management system allows easy review of material by the Project
Quality Assurance Officer and senior chemists.
' At every stage of. data processing at which a permanent collection of data will be stored,
established procedures will be used to protect data integrity and security. Specific QA project plans
indicate how specific types of data will be stored with respect to media, conditions, location,
retention time, and access. The following chart indicates general guidelines:
Media Conditions Location Retention time Access
Hardcopy locked cabinet on-site indefinitely Data custodian or
other designated
personnel
Electronic locked cabinet on-site and off-indefinitely Data manager or
( environment site other designated
controlled) personnel
BROWN AND CAWWELL 9-1 QIUIUIJ A.u.rana Proj«f Plan • O«n,l,a-1991
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CHAPTER 9. DATA REDUCTION, VAUDATION, AND REPORTING
All data transcriptions at BCA for USEPA CLP reports will be perfonned by the Report
Integration Data Clerks and reviewed by the Final Technical Review Staff. Data transcription
requirements will be monitored by the Supervisor of Report Integration in accordance with the CLP
requirements for accuracy and legibility.
\QAPP\TIOOCH9.QAP
BROWN AND CAl.DWF.lL 9-2 QrudilJ A.~ Proj,,d PlaR -[>«--, 1992
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CHAPTER 10.0
INTERNAL QUALITY CONTROL CHECKS
10.1 REVIEW OF REPORTS, PLANS, AND SPECIFICATIONS
Brown and Caldwell's corporate policy is that all work performed be reviewed by persons
qualified in the necessary field of science or engineering. All documents involving engineering or
scientific evaluation, interpretation, or judgement will include review by a qualified engineer or
scientist. A qualified engineer or scientist is one who has suitable experience with the techniques
employed, conditions evaluated, and technologies involved and is authorized by Brown and
Caldwell's corporate policy to practice in the discipline covered. Any documents transmitted which
have not been reviewed according to this policy will be labelled "Preliminary Submittal, Subject to
Final Review."
10.2 LABORATORY ACTIVITIES
BCA is currently performing an extensive amount of Navy CLEAN analytical work for both
organics and inorganics and considerable analytical support for several states and private industry
for analysis of priority pollutants. BCA is certified to perform both drinking water and hazardous
waste analyses for both organics and inorganics by several state agencies. The quality control
procedures specified in the current CLP Statements of Work for Organic and Inorganic Analyses
will be followed at a minimum. Highlights of the CLP quality control requirements follow.
BCA will analyze the following laboratory control samples at a rate of one per batch of
samples for each matrix type (e.g., water, soil) and concentration level (e.g., low, medium) or one
per 10 samples, whichever is more frequent. The control limits and corrective actions are specified
in the CLP IFB.
•
•
•
•
Duplicate sample--to check laboratory and sampling precision
Spiked sample--to check the recovery of parameters of interest, including any
chemical interference from the sample matrix
Method standard--to check the accuracy of the method, under optimum conditions,
excluding any chemical interference from the sample matrix
Laboratory or method blank--to check for laboratory contamination
For organics analyses of soil and water involving GC/MS, the CLP protocol requires, in
addition, the following analyses. The control limits and corrective actions are specified in the CLP
sows.
BROWN AND CALDWEU. 10-1 Qru,lilJ AUIINlftN' Proj«t Plalc -D«nttlHr 1991
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CHAPTER 10. INTERNAL QUAUTY CONTROL CHECKS
•
•
•
The method blank is performed every 12 hours of continuous operation for
volatile organic compound analyses.
Surrogate spike analyses on every sample. The surrogate spikes are unusual
organic compounds that are readily identified in the analysis. Surrogate spikes are
used to check the recoveries on purging or extraction.
Matrix spike/matrix spike duplicate analyses are required at a rate of one per batch
of samples for each matrix type (e.g., soil, water) and concentration level (e.g.,
low, medium) or one in 10 samples, whichever is more frequent. The matrix
spike consists of a mixture of standard organic compounds among the volatile,
base/neutral extractable, acid extractable, and pesticide groups. The matrix spike
is used to check for matrix interferences in the recoveries of compounds in
purging or extraction.
For inorganic analyses of soil and water, the CLP protocol requires, in addition, the following
analyses. The control limits and corrective actions are specified in the CLP SOWs.
• Calibration verification using EPA reference material directly following instrument
calibration and once every tenth sample thereafter through the working day.
• Laboratory blank verification at instrument calibration and once every tenth
sample thereafter through the working day to check instrument drift.
• Preparation blank analysis at a rate of one per batch of samples for each matrix
type (e.g., soil, water, and concentration level) (e.g., low, medium) or one per
20 samples of a single matrix, whichever is more frequent, to determine
contamination levels during preparation.
• Interference check sample analyses at the beginning and end of each analytical run
to verify ICP inter-element correction factors.
In addition, BCAs standard field sampling procedures call for preparation and submittal of
three types of QC samples from the field at a rate of one per 10 samples for the following samples:
• Trip Blank--One trip voe blank for every 10 samples or shipping container of
each general category of organic parameters will be prepared with deionized
water, preserved with appropriate agent, transported to the site, handled like a
sample, and returned to the laboratory for analysis.
• Equipment or Rinsate Blanks--Equipment or rinsate blanks are prepared in the
field to show that a sampling device (e.g., bailer or pump) has been effectively
cleaned. The sampling device is ftlled with deionized water or deionized water
BROWN AND CALDWELL 10-2 Qwalit1 Au~ Proj«:I PlaR • lJ«naNr 1992
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CHAPTER JO. INTERNAL QUAUTY CONTROL CHECKS
•
•
is pumped through the device, transferred to the appropriate sample bottles,
preserved, and returned to the laboratory for analysis. One equipment blank will
be collected for every 20 environmental samples collected.
Field Blanks--Field blanks are prepared in the field, but not through equipment,
to test for cross contamination due to ambient conditions. One field blank is
collected for every 20 environmental samples.
Blind duplicates--Two sets of samples from a single source are prepared, labeled
with unique sample numbers, and submitted to the laboratory without cross-
referencing data and without identification as duplicates on the parameter request
sheet. One blind duplicate will be collected for every 10 environmental samples
collected.
The results of analyses of these QC samples are used as independent, external checks on
laboratory and field contamination and the precision of analyses. Records of samples maintained
by the laboratory include:
•
•
•
•
•
Sample receiving logbook--to log the samples when they are received and
assigned a batch number.
Instrument logbook--to record the preparation and use of all standards in the
laboratory.
QC logbook--to record all day-to-day QC data obtained from the analysis of a
batch. Quality control summary sheets are used as a convenient method to file
batch QC information by parameter.
Chemist's notebook--to record the raw data and final data for every batch .
Quality control charts--to track performance on individual analyses and
instruments, and to give early indication of analyses that may be going out of
control.
\QAPP\7200CHIO.QAP
BROWN AND CAWWELL 10-3 Qru,lit, AuWCIJICf' Projtt:t Pba • ~ 1992
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CHAPTER 11.0
PERFORMANCE AND SYSTEM AUDITS
External perfonnance evaluations will be used for the RI/FS. An on-site visit to Brown and
Caldwell Analytical will be made to examine methods, procedures, raw data, and other aspects of
the operations that could impact data quality.
Perfonnance audits are perfonned quarterly by BCA. The results of all perfonnance audits
will be promptly evaluated by BCAs staff responsible for projects involving laboratory analyses.
Appropriate corrective actions will be taken if audit results are unsatisfactory. The results of audits
will be made available to the Project Quality Assurance Officer, USEPA, upon request. BCA will
participate in Region IV' s perfonnance audit program and analyze perfonnance evaluation samples
as requested.
\QAPP\7200CHI 1.QAP
BROWN AND CALDWELL 11-1 Q,u,lit, ~ Proj,d PlaR -Dtte111Hr 1992
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CHAPTER 12.0
PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE
12.1 HELD EQUIPMENT
All field monitoring and analytical equipment will be maintained in accordance with the
manufacturer's recommended schedules and procedures. All maintenance activities will be
documented by either field or laboratory personnel. All calibrating will be performed on a routine
basis and as otherwise required. All calibrating equipment will also be routinely recalibrated and
documented. Routine inspection of all equipment is intended to identify problems requiring
maintenance before they cause a major disruption of the field monitoring or analytical activities or
adversely affect the validity and precision of the data being measured.
12.2 LABORATORY EQUIPMENT
Brown and Caldwell Analytical will maintain a full service contract with the GC/MS
manufacturer in order to minimize downtime of the GC/MS systems. A service engineer will
perform preventive maintenance twice per year. In the event that the GC/MS system used in this
study is unusable to perform the necessary analyses, a second GC/MS owned by BCA will be
reconfigured and dedicated to complete the scheduled analytical laboratory work. A supply of spare
parts will also be maintained to minimize downtime. This stockpile will include ion sources,
columns, separators, filaments, and injectors. Likewise, should the ICP or atomic absorption
spectrophotometer malfunction, BCA will utilize a backup unit to allow analyses to proceed on
schedule.
Each analyst will be responsible for conducting a daily inspection of critical systems on
instruments under his charge. Inspections include vacuum lines and pumps for GC/MS, automatic
injection systems, controlled reagent-feed motors, temperature controlled ovens in GCs, capillary
columns, detectors and support systems, gas control system for AAs, and many others. Wear-
sensitive items such as septums on GC injection systems will be replaced as needed. The
performance of all instruments will be checked against known standards at the beginning of each
working day or shift. Failure to achieve proper performance indicates a system problem which will
be remediated by laboratory personnel or by the manufacturer's service representative.
In addition, all working systems will be serviced according to a fixed schedule by laboratory
personnel or the manufacturer's service representative. A record of service and repairs, whether
accomplished by laboratory personnel or by the manufacturer's service representative, will be
maintained in a logbook kept with each instrument.
\QAPPl7200CHl2.QAP
BROWN AND CALDWELL 12-1 Q,u,litJ Auwatt Ptoj«t Plan. ~ 1992
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CHAPTER 13.0
PROCEDURES TO ASSESS DATA FOR PRECISION,
ACCURACY, AND COMPLETENESS
The field investigation activities for the site have been designed following the SOW. The field
activities are intended to fill the gaps in the current site-specific data, thus enabling Brown and
Caldwell and USEPA to determine and adequately characterize the geology and hydrogeologic
characteristics at the site. This site-specific QAPP provides the necessary formal QNQC procedures
for assurance that site investigations will be performed properly, and that the data generated will
meet the overall project objectives for precision and accuracy as discussed in Section 4.0. This
QAPP provides the referenced and standardized sampling and analysis procedures, the personnel
requirements, the chain-of-custody and documentation requirements, and specific criteria for
determination of the acceptance of the data generated. This QAPP also establishes the procedures
Brown and Caldwell will follow to address data deficiencies, data reduction and evaluation, and
preparation of all field investigation reports which will be produced so that outputs are accurate and
technically sound.
The data produced will be compared with the QA objectives and criteria for precision,
accuracy, and completeness to verify that they meet those objectives and criteria. These data
assessment activities will be an ongoing process coordinated with data production to determine that
all data produced during the project will be acceptable for use in subsequent evaluations.
Acceptable data will be released for use in subsequent evaluations and to the data management
system.
Accuracy will be assessed using reference samples and percent recovery. The percent
recovery will be calculated as follows:
Where:
BROWN AND CALDWELL
R = [(A -B)/S](l00%)
R = Percent Recovery
A = Value obtained by analyzing the sample with the spike added
B
s
= The background value, i.e., the value obtained by analyzing the sample
alone
= Final concentration of the spike added to the sample
13-1 Q,u,litJ ~ Profed PlaR -0-... 1992
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CHAPTER 13. PROCEDURES TO ASSESS DATA FOR PRECISION, ACCURACY, AND COMPLETENESS
Precision will be measured by calculating the relative percent difference in duplicate sample
analyses. The relative percent difference will be calculated as follows:
Where:
RPO = A-8(100%)/((A+B)/2]
RPO=
A =
B =
Relative Percent Difference
First sample value
Second sample value
The degree of completeness will be recorded by comparing the number of parameters initially
analyzed with the number of parameters successfully completed and validated.
Other procedures to assess the quality of the data from the standpoint of consistency with
physical-chemical principles are discussed in Section 14.0.
\QAPP\7200CHl3.QAP
BROWN AND CA.WWELL 13-2 Q,,aliq Au111"1111« Profad Pfalf, -~ 1992
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CHAPTER 14.0
CORRECTIVE ACTION
One of the critical functions of the QA/0,::, program is the implementation of corrective actions
in the event that a problem is encountered. It is the primary responsibility of the Brown and
Caldwell Project Manager to take the appropriate corrective action. If the problem is discovered
internally, it may be corrected by technical staff or through consultation with the relevant parties
such as the QA staff to determine the proper course of action. If the problem is discovered by
external audit, the Project Manager must consult with the QA staff prior to implementing corrective
measures. All remedial procedures will be documented and, along with the initial report, become
a part of the permanent project file. The EPA Remedial Project Manager will be informed of the
proposed course of action taken and will determine if it is acceptable.
Corrective action will be required when analytical data fail to meet the predetermined limits
for data acceptability or when the Project Quality Assurance Officer or Brown and Caldwell
Analytical QA Manager determines that other project-specific QA/0,::, procedures and policies are
not being adequately followed.
Corrective action within BCA will be required when:
• The RF (Response Factor) of any component in the daily standard varies more
than 35 percent from the established calibration values
• The recovery of any component in the Q(:, check standard falls outside the
designated range for recovery (as established in 40 CFR Part 136)
• The recovery of the surrogate standards in a sample falls outside the ranges given
in Section 4.0
Corrective action will also be initiated as a result of negative findings during the following
quality-assurance activities:
• Performance audits
• System audits
• Laboratory or field spot inspections
• Scheduled QA Program audits conducted by the Project Quality Assurance Office,
Laboratory QA/0,::, Manager, or Corporate Technical Director
BROWN A.!ID CALDWELL 14-1 QIUllitJ A.UW11JU't' P'f'oj«t Pltlll • D«nt,INr Jfl92
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CHAPTER 14. CORRECTIVE ACTION
Corrective action may take the form of a thorough investigation of the GC/MS system, ICAP,
or AA unit. This includes a check for leaks, plugged separator, electronic malfunctions, etc. If
these systems are in order, a fresh calibration standard will be prepared and analyzed.
Individuals responsible for initiating corrective action within the laboratory will consist of the
laboratory analysts under the supervision of the Laboratory QA Manager and the Project Quality
Assurance Officer.
The quality of samples collected in the field will be assessed according to the following
criteria prior to submission of the samples of the analytical laboratory:
• Sampling procedures indicated in the QA plan were used
• Appropriate sample container and equipment preparation occurred
• No apparent tampering with sampling equipment that would interfere with sample
collection has occurred
• Field data sheets are properly completed
• Strict chain-of-custody compliance has been maintained
The supervisor of each field sampling team will conduct the evaluation. If deficiencies are
found, the Project Manager will be informed. The Project Manager will be responsible for
corrective action, including a review of procedures with his staff and additional training as
appropriate. The Project Director and his technical staff will determine whether the deficiencies
observed will substantially affect the results of laboratory analyses and will require that new samples
be taken if the deficiencies are judged to be substantial. The USEPA will have final determination
concerning proper corrective actions to address deficiencies.
Data collected in the hydrogeologic investigation, including borehole logs, stratigraphic
mapping, and water-level measurements, will be used to develop a representation of the site
stratigraphy and the occurrence and movement of groundwater. The representation will be
consistent with physical principles in several respects such as:
• Borehole logs and stratigraphic mapping results should show stratigraphy
correlating with the known geology, or an explanation of the differences will be
presented.
• Water-level measurements should indicate a hydraulic gradient, and isopleths of
water-level elevations should contour without major aberrations.
BROWN A.ND CALDWELL 14-2 Q,,alit, ~ Proj«t Plat -~ 1992
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CHAPTER 14. CORRECTIVE ACTION
If any inconsistencies appear in the evaluation of data, the data collection procedures
(including well installation procedures) will be checked for errors, and the raw data sheets will be
checked for transcription errors. Such errors will be corrected by resarnpling or other action. If no
errors in data collection or transcription are found, the technical staff will seek explanations in
known physical processes and will pose and check hypotheses by standard scientific methods
(including statistical procedures) until reasonable explanations in physical-chemical processes are
found. All such creative work will be peer reviewed internally by technical associates including the
Project Manager and externally by the USEP A. If no satisfactory explanations can be found for the
inconsistencies, they will be noted in the final report for the investigation as unexplained but,
nevertheless, verified observations.
Other data collected in this project will be subjected to similar tests of reasonableness with
respect to known processes. Inconsistencies between observations and known processes will initiate
a series of checks of the data collection and data transcription procedures. Data errors will be
corrected by appropriate action including replacing or repairing the faulty measurement system,
discarding the erroneous data, and collecting new data.
Specific corrective actions will be devised to eliminate the situation or problem area(s)
affecting prior quality. Each corrective action will be developed on a case-by-case basis. The
Project Quality Assurance Officer will maintain records of corrective actions, including the dates
approved and initiated, and the results.
In cases where the quality assurance program defines a need for a corrective action, the Project
Quality Assurance Officer, upon notification, will formally instruct the Project Manager of the need
for such corrective activities. The Project Manager, in conjunction with the technical staff, will see
that the necessary corrective action(s) are developed and that a satisfactory implementation schedule
is established. In many instances, the selection of an appropriate corrective action will be made in
concert with the Project Director, the Brown and Caldwell technical staff, and the Project Quality
Assurance Officer.
\QAP1'7200CHI4.QAP
BROWN AND CALDWEJ...L 14-3 QtuditJ A~ Profad Pm -~ 1992
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CHAPTER 15.0
QUALITY ASSURANCE REPORTS
Routine Brown and Caldwell quality assurance reports will be submitted by the Quality
Assurance Officer to the Project Manager and Program Director on a quarterly basis.
These reports will be organized into field and laboratory sections, with subsections for each
major division of measurement system (Le., groundwater, soil, etc.) and will contain the following:
L
2.
3,
4,
Significant OA problems, such as:
Failure to follow proper cleaning procedures;
Holding time violations;
Blank contamination;
Lack of blank data or insufficient QA sample numbers;
Equipment malfunction;
Exceedance of control limits;
Emergency subcontracting or equipment changes.
Summaries of corrective actions,
Results of performance evaluations/audits:
USEPA or privately obtained performance samples;
Split samples;
Blind duplicate or spike samples;
USEP A or HRS audits;
Internal audits.
OA data summary:
Precision, accuracy and completeness for project parameters;
Mean and standard deviation of precision and accuracy results;
BROWN AND CM.DWEI.L 15-1 ~ ~ Proj«t P,-. ~ 1992
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CHAPTER 15. QUAUTY ASSURANCE REPORTS
Review of method detection limits;
Frequency of exceeding established QA targets.
\QAPPi7200CH15.QAP
BROWN AND CALDWELL 15-2 Qrudit, AufU'Clntt Projffl Plan • ~ 1991
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REFERENCES
ATSDR, 1988. Preliminary Health Assessment, North Carolina State University, Lot 86 Wake
County, Raleigh, North Carolina. Office of Health Assessment, Agency for Toxic
Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, Georgia.
USEPA, 1985. Forward Planning Study, North Carolina State University, Lot 86 Site. Final
Report.
USEPA, 1991. Administrative Order by Consent (AOC). EPA Docket No. 91-24-C.
USEPA, 1987. REM III Program Remedial Investigation and Feasibility Study Draft Work
Plan. North Carolina State University Lot 86 Site, Raleigh, North Carolina.
USEPA, 1988. REM V Program Remedial Investigation and Feasibility Study Work Plan
Amendment No. 01 (Final). Low Level Radioactive Waste Disposal Area. North
Carolina State University Lot 86 Site, Raleigh, North Carolina.
USEPA, 1988. Guidance for Conducting Remedial Investigations and Feasibility Studies Under
CERCLA. EPN540/G-87/003.
USEPA, 1991. Region IV Environmental Compliance Branch Standard Operating Procedures
and Quality Assurance Manual (ECB SOPQAM). Athens, Georgia.
Harned, D.A, 1989. The Hydrogeologic Framework and a Reconnaissance of Ground Water
Quality in the Piedmont Province of North Carolina. U.S. Geological Survey Water
Resources Investigations Report 88-4130.
Liddle, S., 1984. Trace Element Analysis of the Groundwater at a Hazardous Waste Landfill
in the Piedmont of North Carolina. M.S. Thesis, Department of Marine, Earth, and
Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University. Raleigh, North Carolina.
McDade, J.A, LJ. Won, and C.W. Welby, 1984. Application of Surface Geophysical Methods
to the Hydrogeological Evaluation of Waste Disposal Sites in North Carolina. Final
Report. Prepared for North Carolina Board of Science and Technology.
Parker, J.M., III, 1979. Geology and Mineral Resources of Wake County. North Carolina
Department of Natural Resources and Community Development. Division of Land
Resources, Geological Survey Section. Raleigh, North Carolina.
\QAPP\7200REF2.QAP
BROWN AND CALDWELL R-1 QulitJ AUlll'Ma Projffl Pia -I>ttn.JMr 1991