NCD122263825_19970518_JFD Electronics - Channel Master_FRBCERCLA RI_Site Inspection Report-OCR

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18 MAY 1987:
SITE INSPECTION REPORT
JFDICHANNEL MASTER NPL SliE
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The Channel Master site is located on Industrial Drive, Oxford,
Granville County, NC. This facility was constructed in 1962 and used by
JFD Electronics until 1979. JFD was a manufacturer of television reception
antennas. A lagoon was built on the site in about 1964 or 1965 and used to
dispose of sludge generated by treating wastewater. The wastewater was
primarily rinse water from a chromate conversion process and copper/nickel
electroplating. The lagoon reportedly holds 800,000 to 1,000,000 gallons of
sludge. During the past year Channel Master has installed 5 permanent ground
water monitoring wells and performed chemical analysis on the sludge in the
lagoon and soil on the site. Analysis of a composite of the sludge showed
99,000 ppm Chromium, 320 ppm Lead and other heavy metals. Analysis of water
samples collected from the on-site monitoring wells indicated halogenated
hydrocarbon contamination in the ground water.
During the site visit by the NC CERCLA Unit an in-ground concrete
waste oil tank was observed adjacent to the area of highest chlorinated
hydrocarbon soil contamination. This tank appeared to be full of water with
globules of oil on the surface and appeared to be leaking around the lid
seal. The Channel Master representatives reported that this was also the area
where they thought trucks had been cleaned by JFD Manufacturing.
The Channel Master facility is served by water from the City of
Oxford. The closest off-site well identified was located approximately
2,000 ft. southeast o~t~ Channel Master site. This well is 39 ft. deep.
Several environmental ~eP~ts have been prepared by Channel Master and Soil
and Material Engineering, Inc. Channel Master is in the process of planning a
clean-up of this site in the very near future (22).
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BACKGROUND
Location
The Channel Master site is located on Industrial Drive, Oxford, NC
27565 (1). This is on the southwestern edge of the town of Oxford in central
Granville County. The coordinates of the site are: Latitude 36° 17' 56";
Longitude: 78° 36' 24" (Map 1, Appendix A) .
Site Layout
The Channel Master site covers approximately 13 acres and is bound by
Industrial Drive on the west, Pine Tree Road on the north, and Southern
Railroad on the south (2) . To the east and southwest is privately owned
residential and industrial property, respectively. The property to the north,
west, and south is primarily industrial land and the property to the east and
northeast is residential land. An approximately 100 ft. x 800 ft. main plant
building runs generally east west. A second 180 ft. x 323 ft. building is
located east of the main plant building (Map 2, Appendix A) (2).
There are two major items of concern at this site; metal plating
wastewater sludge in an old lagoon south of the east half of the main
building, and volatile and organic compounds in the soil and ground water
originating south of the west end of the main building and extending in a
pltnne toward the area of the old lagoon (Maps 2-6, Appendix A) (1-6). In
1983, 50"/o of the lagoon was backfilled and used as a truck parking area (2, 7).
Studies of the area that were contracted for by Channel Master indicate
that the ground water flow generally follows the topography of the site fran
the northwest to the sou~t (Map 7, Appendix A) (5) . The surrounding
terrain drains to th£ ~~ to an unnamed tributary to Fishing Creek (Map 1,
Appendix A).
Ownership History
The facility on this property was constructed and used by
JFD Electronics in 1962 (1,2). In 1980 Channel Master purchased the
property (2) . Channel Master continues to own the site however the site is
presently rented to Rose's Department Store for use as a warehouse (8).
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Site Use History
The site was used by JFD Electronics from 1962 until 1979 to
manufacture television antennas. The lagoon on the site was built sometime
during 1964 to 1965 and was used to dispose of sludge generated by treating
wastewater. The wastewater was primarily rinse water from a chromate
conversion process and copper/nickel electroplating (1,2). Although the
chromate conversion process was intended to convert hexavalent chromium to
trivalent, laboratory analysis of water from the lagoon indicated the presence
of hexavalent chromium (7).
Permit and Regulatory History
The facility at this site uses city water and sewer (1). No permits
were identified for this site.
Remedial Actions to Date
,7',,.ot',•e..s
Several environmental ~eFmit~ have been prepared by Channel Master and
Soil and Material Engineering, Inc. Channel Master is in the process of
planning a clean-up of this site in the very near future (22).
Summary Trip Report
On 23 February 1987 a site investigation was performed at the Channel
Master site by Lee Crosby, Stan Atwood, and Jack Butler, NC CERCLA Unit.
Roger Coats and Charles Hansen, Channel Master, were also present.
During the site visit by the NC CERCLA Unit a walking tour of the
property was made and monitoring wells and sampling points were located.
Several environmental reports have been prepared by Channel Master and Soil
and Material Engineering, Inc. These were also discussed with the
representatives of Channel Master. An in-ground concrete waste oil tank was
observed adjacent to the area of highest chlorinated hydrocarbon soil
contamination. This tank appeared to be full of water with globules of oil on
the surface and appeared to be leaking around the lid seal. The Channel
Master representatives reported that this was also the area where they thought
trucks had been cleaned by JFD Manufacturing.
The Channel Master facility is served by water from the City of
Oxford. A water distribution map was obtained from the Oxford water
department and an off-site well was located approximately 2,000 ft. southeast
of the Channel Master site. This well is 39 ft. deep and is owned and used by
James Brooks, Route 2, Box 441, Oxford, NC 27565. Water samples were
collected from this well for organic and inorganic analysis.
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ENVIROOMENI'AL S1TIThG
Topography
The Channel Master site is on the southwestern edge of Oxford in
Granville County, NC. Granville County lies within the Piedm:mt physiographic
province. The surface has been dissected by swift-flowing small streBinS
producing many north and northeast trending ridges. One of the most prominent
of these ridges is located 2 miles east of Culbreth in the southwestern
section of the county. Bowlings Mountain, elevation 740 feet, is part of this
ridge and is the highest point in the county. Several other monadnocks are
between 600 and 700 feet in elevation, and rise 150 to 200 feet above the
general surrounding surface. At most places, however, the relief is moderate
and ranges from 100 to 125 feet (9).
The Channel Master site is essentially flat with a slope less than 1%.
The southern edge of the property drains to an intermittent stream that feeds
an unnamed tributary to Fishing Creek. This intermittent stream drops
approximately 20 ft. over an approximately 1500 ft. run yielding a slope of
about 1.3%. Other surrounding terrain ranges up to a 20 ft. drop over about
500 ft. run or about 4% slope (Map 1, Appendix A).
Surface Waters
The Channel Master site appears to drain primarily to a ditch along the
southern edge of the property. This ditch flows east approximately 1300 ft.
before entering an unnamed intermittent stream. This intermittent stream
flows approximately 0.5 mile before entering an unnamed tributary-to Fishing
Creek. This unnamed tributary flows approximately 2.25 miles generally south
before entering Fishing Creek approximately 1.75 miles directly southeast of
the site. Fishing Creek enters the Tar River approximately 9 miles directly
south of Oxford (Map 1, Appendix A). Fishing Creek is Class C water and the
Tar River is Class A-II water in this area (10).
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Geology and Soils
The geology of the Oxford, NC area are predominantly rocks of the
metavolcanic sequence and granodiorite bodies. l{ocks of the metavolcanic
sequence underlie most of Granville County. Included in this sequence is an
assemblage of rocks, that are at most places sheared and phyllitic, that are
primarily of volcanic origin, but also included are minor beds of sedimentary
origin. The rocks of volcanic origin include felsic to intermediate tuffs,
mafic tuffs, breccia, a few rhyolite flows, and basalt. A few beds of
conglomerate, and at least one bed of quartzite are interbedded with the rocks
of volcanic origin. The tuffs predominate. The felsic to intermediate tuffs
range in composition from fine-grained rocks composed of volcanic ash to
lithic tuffs that contain fragments of feldspar and quartz set in a
fine-grained matrix. Mafic tuffs are interbedded with the felsic tuffs at
several places. The tuffaceous rocks have a well developed cleavage at most
places that strikes north to northeast. Massive basalt and rhyolite are also
minor rock types in the sequence (9).
Granodiorite bodies are exposed across the central part of Granville
County, and are enclosed by rocks of the metavolcanic unit or bordered by the
younger indurated sediments of Triassic age. The granodiorite is a gray to
pinkish-gray crystalline rock composed of feldspar (mostly albite), quartz,
biotite mica, and accessory amounts of muscovite, orthoclase feldspar,
sericite, and opaque minerals. Inclusion of rocks of the metavolcanic unit
are camoon in the granodiorite, but the inclusions do not contain metamorphic
minerals indicative of intense dynamic and thermal metamorphism. Around the
edges of the bodies, rocks of the metavolcanic unit and granodiorite are
interlayered (9).
Groundwater
The amount of water that can be stored in the rocks and soil is
controlled by the size, shape, and number of pore spaces they contain. The
rocks of the earth's crust, including soils and other weathered materials,
contain pore space or interstices that are filled with water in the zone of
saturation. These interstices range in size from the microscopic pores in the
clays to cavernous openings in sane limestones and dolomites. Unconsolidated
sediments, such as gravel, sand and clay, contain primary pores between the
individual grains. When these sediments are consolidated, such as the
Triassic sedimentary rocks, the total voltnne of pore space between individual
components is very small. Most of the water in these rocks is contained in
secondary interstices which were formed after the rock was lithified (9).
The metavolcanic and granodiorite rocks that underlie most of the
Oxford area are part of the Carolina Slate Belt (12). There is no evidence of
confining layers in this region, therefore it is concluded that there is only
one aquifer in this region (9). This aquifer of concern is the Carolina Slate
Aquifer.
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Ground water studies of the site indicate that the depth to the
Carolina Slate Aquifer varies but is generally about 8 ft. to 13 ft. in the
area of the lagoon. There is some indication that there may be a ground water
mound directly under the lagoon created by recharge to the ground water from
the lagoon. In general the flow direction of the ground water is toward the
south to southeast at an approximately 0.017 feet per foot gradient (5).
Climate and Meteorology (13,14)
Seasonal Temperatures:
Precipitation:
(UF)
Mean Max.
Mean Min.
Mean
(inches)
Jarruary
50 -54
28 -32
42 -44
Mean annual precipitation:
Mean annual evaporation:
Net annual precipitation:
Mean annual snowfall:
1 yr. 24-hour rainfall:
July
88 -90
64 -68
78 -80
44 -48
40 -42
4 - 6
6 - 8
2.5 -3
Storm Events: Mean days/year with thunderstorms: 40 -60
Prevailing winds and wind speeds: SW at 9 mph
Emissions Inventory Sumwary for Granville County (Tons/year) (15)
~ Particulates
Sulfur Dioxide
Nitrogen Oxides
Volatile Organics & Hydrocarbons
Carbon Monoxide
Land Use
Area Sources
5,457
206
2,277
4,013
19,515
Point Sources
78
720
1,028
515
188
Prior to 1962 this site was vacant land. In 1962 this facility was
constructed by JFD Electronics. JFD manufactured television reception
antennas in this facility until 1979 (1,2). The lagoon was constructed in
1964 or 1965 and reportedly used by JFD Electronics to dispose of metal
plating related sludge from 1965 until 1979. In 1980 the property was
acquired by Channel Master (2) . AB of February 1987 the building on this site
was being used as a warehouse by Rose's Department Store (8).
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Population Distribution
'lhe residents of Oxford receive their water from the city which draws
water from Kerr Lake and Lake Devin (16,17). A house count on the USGS topo
lllBp of the area within 3 miles of the Channel Master site excluding areas
served by the City of Oxford reveals 656 houses. Assuming 3.8 residents per
house yields 2,493 residents utilizing ground water.
Water Supply
The City of Oxford draws water from Kerr Lake approximately 10 miles
northeast of town. Lake Devin which is approximately O. 7 miles west of the
Channel Master site is available as an emergency water source for the city
(17). J:loth of these sources are upgradient unthreatened surface water sources.
A house count on the USGS topo map of the area within 3 miles of the
Channel Master site excluding areas served by the City of Oxford reveals
656 houses. Asstnning 3.8 residents per house yields 2,493 residents utilizing
ground water.
NC DHl{/DHS Water Supply records list 2 cannrunity and 8 non-cannrunity
wells within a 3 mile quadrant of the Channel Master site (18). (These wells
are indicated on the topo map in the pocket at the end of the S. I. report.)
The population served by these 10 wells is 640. It is assumed that these
residents are included in the house count from the USGS topo map.
Critical Envirornnents
The nearest federally designated critical habitat is in Burke County
approximately 200 miles west of Oxford (19). Approximately 60 to 70 miles
southwest of the site 2 additional critical habitats have been proposed on the
Deep River and Kocky River (20).
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WASTE 'IYPES AND QUANTITIES
Waste Quantities
'l'wo major areas of concern have been identified on the Channel Master
site; metal plating wastewater sludge in an old lagoon, and volatile organic
canpounds in the soil and ground water (1-6). The volatile organic canpounds
appear to be primarily halogenated hydrocarbons (6). The source of these
halogenated hydrocarbons has not been clearly defined although they appear to
be associated with an underground concrete waste oil storage tank and truck
wash and parking area near the waste oil tank (1,6). The vol\.lllle of the
underground waste oil tank was unknown by Channel Master representatives and
could not be accurately determined on site. Due to the nature of the possible
sources of the volatile organic contamination a waste quantity for this waste
could not be accurately estimated.
The lagoon containing metal plating sludge is approximately 240 feet
long (east to west), 75 feet wide on the west end and 120 feet wide on the
east end. The sides slope to a depth of 18 feet in the center. In 1983,
50 percent of the lagoon was backfilled and used for a truck parking area.
The remainder of the lagoon contains a sludge which is 18 percent solids.
This is based on drying tests that were conducted July 1986. Probing of
sludge depths and test diggings by Channel Master representatives indicate
there is 800,000 to 1,000,000 gallons of metal plating sludge at this site
(2). Analysis of this sludge indicate the presence of 99,000 ppm Chromit.nn,
320 ppm Lead and other heavy metals (3).
Waste Disposal Methods and Locations
The volatile organic contamination on this site appears to have
originated from equipment drippings, equipment washdown, overflow of the waste
oil storage tank, and other small losses over a period of time and not from
waste disposal per se (6).
The heavy metal contamination in the lagoon area resulted from
wastewater sludge disposal in the lagoon. In this wastewater treatment system
chromate conversion and plating rinse waters were gravity fed through two
lines (one 4 inches and one 6 inches) from the building to a series of
concrete treatment tanks located below the lagoon. Batch hexavalent to
trivalent chrome reduction took place in these tanks. The treated wastewater
was then pumped to the lagoon for settlement. Excessive water was decanted to
the city sewer system by a pipe located on the east end of the lagoon (2) •
Chemical analysis of the water from the lagoon indicates that hexavalent
chranit.nn was still present in the wastewater after this chromate conversion
process ( 7) •
Waste TyPes
As discussed in the previous 2 sections volatile organic canpounds
(primarily halogenated hydrocarbons) and heavy metals containing sludge are
the waste types of concern at this site (1-6).
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.LABrnATCRY DATA
Summary
A summary of the volatile organics found in the soil at the Channel
Master site is shown on Maps 3, 4, 5, and 6 in Appendix A of this report. The
compounds found in the soil at concentrations significantly above the
detection limit and their IDBXinrum concentrations are (ug/kg):
1,1-Dichloroetbane
1,2-Dichloroetbane
1,1-Dichloroethene
trans-1,2-Dichloroethene
Methylene Chloride
1,1,1-trichloroethane
Trichloroethene
Xylene
Tetrachloroethene
Vinyl Chloride
Acetone
70
26
670
170
290
6500
670
210
5400
210
290
Analysis of the waste oil tank contents revealed 83,000 ug/L
Trichloroethene and 16,000 ug/L 1,1,1-Trichloroethane (6). Ground water from
monitoring well 115 in the middle of the old lagoon area was shown to contain
7,000 ug/L Trichloroethene and 950 ug/L Tetrachloroethene (4).
The following table summarizes the metals found in a composite sample
of the sludge from the lagoon (3).
Total Arsenic
Total Barium
Total Cadmium
Total Chromium
Total Lead
Total Mercury
Total Selenium
Total Silver
EP-TOX Arsenic
EP-TUX Harium
EP-TOX Cadmium
EP-TOX Chromium
EP-TOX Lead
EP-TOX Mercury
EP-TOX Selenium
EP-TOX Silver
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
Sludge Pit Composite
52
800
20
99,000
320
<.0.02
13 < 2.5
< 0.005 < 0.2
<0.01
0.05 < 0.005
<0.002
0.012
<0.05
Results for total metals are reported on a dry weight basis.
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The nearest identified drinking water well to the site is located
approximately 2,000 ft. southeast of the Channel Master site. This well is
39 ft. deep and is owned and used by James Brooks, Route 2, Box 441, Oxford,
NC 27565 (1). Laboratory analysis of water samples collected from this well
did not indicate any organic or inorganic contamination (see Appendix B).
Quality Assurance Review
All sampling equipment used was thoroughly cleaned before use to
minimize the possibility of contamination. All sample containers were also
thoroughly cleaned by DHR/DHS Public Health Laboratory personnel prior to use.
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TOXICXlLJ:X;ICAL/CHEMICAL CHARACI'ERISTICS
The toxicological and chemical characteristics of the inorganic and
organic compounds found on this site are presented on tre following pages
(21).
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ARSENIC
CAS RN: 7440382 NIOSH #: CG 0525000
mf: As; mw: 74.92
Silvery to black, brittle, crystalline and amorphous metal-
loid. mp: 814° @ 36 atm, bp: subl @ 612°, d: black
crystals 5.724 @ 14°; b!ack ainor 4.7, vap. press: I mm
@ 372° (sublimes). lnsol in water; sol m HNO,. See
also arsenic vapor.
SYNS:
ARSENICALS
ARSENIC-75
ARSENIC BLACK
COLLOIDAL ARSENIC
GREY ARSENIC
METALLIC ARSENIC
ARSEN (GERMAN, POLISH)
TOXICITY DATA: 3
cyt-mus-ipr 4 mg/kg/48H-I
orl-rat TDLo:605 ug/kg/(35 W Preg)
orl-mus TDLo: 120 mg/kg/
(preg)=TER
ipr-mus TDLo=40 mg/kg/(preg):TER
i.mp-rbt TDLo:75 mg/kg:ETA
orl-man TDLo: 7857 mg/kg/
SSY=SKN
orl-man TDLo=7857 mg/kg/55Y=GIT
ims.r·at LDLo=20 mg/kg
scu-rbt LDLo=300 mg/kg
ipr-gpg LDLo: to mg/kg
scu-gpg LDLo:J(l() mg/kg
CODEN:
EXPEAM 37,129,81
GISAAA (8)30, 77
TJADAB 15,JIA,77
TJADAB 15,JIA,77
ZEKBAI 52,425,42
CMAJAX 120,168,79
CMAJAX 120,168,79
NCIUS• PH 43--64--
886,SEPT,70
ASBIAL 24,442,38
CRSBAW 81,164,18
ASBIAL 24,442,38
Carcinogenic Determination: Human Positive [ARC*•
23,39,80. Carcinogenic Determination: Indefinite
IARC .. 2,48, 73.
TL V: Air: 200 ug/m3 DTL vs• 4,24,80. Toxicology Re-
view: AMIHAB 21,132,60; 85DHAX As,-,77;
JAVMA4 164(3),277,74; CTOXAO 5(2),151,72;
ARVPAX 16,95,76; KOTTAM 11(11),1300,75;
FOREAE 7,313,42; AQMOAC #73-18,1973;
PTPAD4 1,189,76; CLCHAU 19,361,73; 85CVA2
5,63,70; PEXTAR 12,102,69; JOCMA7 2,137,60;
BNYMAM 54,413,78; AMTODM 3,209,77; 85CVA2
5,250,70; 27ZTAP 3,19,69. OSHA Standard: Air:
TWA 500 ug/m3 FEREAC 39,23540,74. DOT: Poison
B, Label: Poison FEREAC 41,57018,76. Occupational
Exposure to Inorganic Arsenic recm std: Air: CL 2
ug/m3 NTIS••. "NIOSH Manual of Analytical Meth-
ods" VOL I 139,140,180,188,l92,196, VOL 3 S309,
VOL 5 173#. NIOSH Current Intelligence Bulletin
14, 1976. Reported in. EPA TSCA Inventory, 1980.
THR: Human CARC. A hmn SKN, GIT. An experTER,
ETA, ± CARC. MUT data. HIGH ims, scu, ipr. A
poison. Used as a food additive in food for human
ingestion. See also arsenic compounds.
Fire Hazard: Mod in the form of dust when exposed to
heat or flame or by chemical reaction with powerful
oxidizers such 3.S bromates, chlorates, iodates, perox-
ides, Li, NCl3, KNO3, KMnO,, Rb2C2, AgNO,, NOC!,
IF,, Cr03, CIF3, CIO, BrF3, BrF,, BrN,, RbC = CH,
CsC = CH.
Explosion Hazard: Slight in the form of dust when ex-
posed to flame. .
Disaster Hazard: Dangerous; when heated or on contact
with acid or acid fumes, emits highly tox fumes; can
react vigorously on contact with oxidizing· materials.
Incomp: Bromine azide, dirubidium acetylide, halogens,
palladium, zinc, platinum, NCI,, AgNO,, CrO,, Na,O,,
hexafluoro isopropyl idcneamino lithium.
For further information see Vol. I, No. 3 of DPIM Report.
ARSENIC COMPOUNDS
SYN: ARSENICALS . Used as insecticides, herbicides, silvicides, defohants, de-
siccants and rodenticides. Poisoning from arsenic com-
pounds may be acute or chronic. Acuie poisoning ~suall_y
results from swallowing arsenic compounds; chrome poi-
soning from either swallowing or inhal. Acute allergic
reactions to arsenic compounds used m medical therapy
have been fairly common. The type and severity of reac-
tion depending upon the compound of arsenic. Inorganic
arsenicals are more toxic than organics. Trivalent is more
toxic than pentavalent.
Acute arsenic poisoning (from ingestion) results in
marked irritation of the stomach and intestines with
nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. In severe cases the v?m-
itus and stools are bloody and the patient goes mto
collapse and shock with weak, rapid pulse, cold sweats,
coma and death.
Chronic arsenic poisoning, whether through ingestion or
inhalaiion, may manifest itself in many different ways.
There may be disturbances of the digestive system such
as loss of appetite, cramps, nausea, constipation or diar-
rhea. Liver damage may occur, resulting in jaundice.
Disturbances of the blood, kidneys and nervous system
are not infrequent. Arsenic can cause a variety o~ skin
abnormalities including itching, pigmentation and even
cancerous changes. A characteristic of arsenic poison-
ing is the great variety of symptoms that can be pro-
duced. A recog care of the skin, lungs, liver. An exper
care of the mouth, esophagus, larynx, bladder and para
nasal sinus.
In treating acute poisoning from ingestion BAL (dimer-
captol) is of questionable effectiveness for acute and
chronic poisoning with trivalent arsenicals, such as As
trioxide, arsine and arsenites. It is of no value for penta-
valent arsenicals, such as cacodylic acid, methanear-
sonic acid, sodium, cacodylate, MSMA, DSMA, arsan-
ilic acid, arsenic acid, and arsenates. Vomiting and
gastric lavage are the preferred emergency Ueatments
for acute arsenical poisoning. Modem medical treat-
ment of arsenical poisoning uses exchange transfusion
and dialysis (A. E. De Palma, J. Occup Med., Vol.
11,582-587 (1969). Note: Arsenic compounds are com-
mon air contaminants.
Disaster Hazard: Dangerous; when heated to decamp,
or for metallic arsenic on contact with acids or acid
fumes or when water solutions of arsenicals are in
conta~t with active metals such as Fe, Al, Zn, emits
highly toxic fumes of arsenic.
For further information see Vol. I, No. 3 of DPIM Report.
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BARIUM
CAS RN: 7440393 NIOSH #: CA 8370000
af: Ba; at wt: 137.36
Silver-white, slightly lustrous, somewhat malleable metal.
mp: 725°, bp: 1640°, d: 3.5 @ 20°, vap. press: 10 mm
@ 1049°. . .
TOXICITY DATA: CODEN:
TLV: Air: 500 ug/m3 DTLVS* 4,35,80. Reported in EPA
TSCA Inventory, 1980. ,
THR: No data. See also barium compounds.
Fire Hazard: Dangerous and explosive in form of dust
when exposed to heat or flame or by chemical reaction.
lncomp: Acids, CCI., C..C!,F,, C..H,FCI,, C,Ct., C.,HCI,
and water: 1,1,2-trichloro trifluoro ethane, fluorotri-
chloroethane, fluorotrichloromethane, trichk,roethyl-
ene can detonate in contact with Ba.
For further information see Vol. I, No. 7 and Vol. 3,
No. 4 of DPIM Report.
BARIUM COMPOUNDS (SOLU~LE)
The soluble barium salts, such as the chloride and sulfide,
are poisonous when taken by mouth. The insoluble sulfate
used in radiography is not acutely toxic. See also barium
sulfate. Few cases of industrial systemic poisoning have
been reported, but one investigator describes a fatal case
of poisoning attributed to barium oxide, the symptoms
being severe abdominal pain with vomiting, dyspnoea,
rapid pulse, paralysis of the arm and leg, and eventually
cyanosis and death. The same investigator produced pa-
ralysis in animals with barium oxide and carbonate. The
usual result ·of exposure to the sulfide, oxide and carbonate
is irr of the eyes, nose and throat, and of the skin, produc-
ing dermatitis. The salts mentioned are somewhat caustic.
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CADMIUM
CAS RN: 7440439
mf: Cd; mw: 112.40
NIOSH #: EU 9800'.)()()
Hexagonal crystals, silver-white malleable metal. , mp:
320.9°, bp: 767 ± 2°, d: 8.642, vap. press: I mm @
394°.
SYNS:
C.l. 77180 , liDMIUM (GERMAN)
TOXICITY DATA:
ivn-n,t TDLo: 1250 ug/kg/(9D
PJ<B)'TER .
ipr-mus TDLo:2248 ug/kg/(8D
prcg):TER
ivn-bam m1.o:2 mg/kg/(8D
preg):TER
3
ims-rat TD[.o:45 mg/kg/4W-[:NEQ
iins-rat TD: 70 mg/kg: ET A
iins-rat ID =63 mg/kg: ET A
ibl-man TCLo:88 ug/m3/8.6Y=SYS
ibl-hmn LCLo:39 mg/m3/20M
unl:-man LDLo: 15 mg/kg
orl-rat w50:225 mg/kg
ipr-rat LD50=4 mg/kg
ICU•tllt LD50=9 mg/kg
ivn-n,.t LD50=3 mg/kg
unl:-rat LD50=7l2 mg/kg
wik;mus LD50: 636 mg/kg
orl-rbt LDLo: 70 mg/kg
ICU•n>I LDl.o: 6 mg/kg
uns-bam w1.o:25 mg/kg
cyt-ham_:ovr 1 u.m.oVL
ipr-rat TDLo: 1124 ug/kg (ID male)
scu-n,.t ro1.o:250 ug/kg (19D preg)
orl-mus TDLo=448 mg/kg (MGN)
CODEN:
EVHPAZ 28,245,79
TJADAB 13,33A, 76
EXPEAM 25,56,69
NCIUS• PH-43--64-
886,SEPT, 71
BJCAAI 18,124,64
NATIJAS 193,592.62
AEHLAU 28,147,74
AIHAAP 31,180,70
85DCAI 2. 73, 70
TXAPA9 41,667,77
TXAPA9 41,667,77
TXAPA9 41,667,77
TXAPA9 41,667,77
GTPZAB 22(5),6, 78
GTPZAB 22(5),6, 78
AMPMAR 34,127,73
PROTA • ·,-,55
NCIUS• PH-43--64-886
CGCGBR 26,251,80
TXAPA9 41,194,77
APTOD9 19,Al22.80
AEHLAU 23,102.71
Carcinogenic Determination: Animal Pbsitive IARC**
2,74,73. .
TLV: Air: 0.05 mg/m3 DTLVS* 4,59,80; TRBMAV
33(1),85,75; JDSCAE 58(12),1767,75; JFDSAZ
39,321,74; AMBOCX 3(2),55,74; QURBAW. 7(1),
75,74; AEMBAP 40,239,73; NTIS** PB-221,198;
KOTTAM 11(11),1300,75; FOREAE 7,313,42;
STEVA8 2(4),341,74; FCTXAV 9,105,71; AJMEAZ
38,409,65; ENVRAL 4,71,71; 85CVA2 5,63,70; PEX-
TAR 12,102,69; PDTNBH 6,204,77; BNYMAM
54,413,78; AMTODM 3,209,77; GSAMAQ 123,
109,71. OSHA Standard: Air: TWA 200 ug/m3; CL
f,00 (SCP-W) FEREAC 39,23540, 74. Occupational Ex-
posure to Cadmium recm std: Air: TWA 40 ug/m3;
CL 200 ug/m3/15M NTIS••. "NIOSH Manual of
Analytical Methods" VOL 1 191,223,224, VOL 3 S312,
S313, VOL 5 173#. Reported in EPA TSCA Inven-
tory, 1980. ·
THR: MUT data. An exper TER, NEO, ETA, CARC.
A human SYS. HIGH hmn ihl, unk. HIGH or!, ipr,
scu, ivn, ims. MOD unk. See also cadmium compounds.
Fire Hazard: Mod, in the form of dust when exposed
to heat or flame or by chemical reaction with oxidizing
agents, metals, HN3, Zn, Se and Te.
Explosion Hazard: Mod, in the form of dust when exposed
to flame.
Disaster Hazard: Dangerous; cadmium dust can react
vigorously with oxidizing materials.
For further information see Vol. I, No. I and Vol. 3,
No. 5 of DPIM Report.
CADMIUM COMPOUNDS
TOXICITY DATA: 3
ihl-hmn TCLo: 1500 ug/m3/l4Y-
[:CARC
NIOSH #: EV 0260000
CODEN:
ANYAA9 271,273,76
Toxicology.Review: STEVA8 2(4),341,74. Occupational
Exposure to Cadmium recm std: Air: TWA 40 ug/
m3; CL 200 ug/m3/15M NTIS**.
THR: An exper CARC. The oral toxicity of Cd and
its compounds is HIGH. However, when these materi-
als are ingested, the irr and emetic action is so violent
that little of the Cd is absorbed and fatal poisoning
does not as a rule ensue. Cases of human Cd poisoning
· have been reported from ingestion of food or beverages
prepared or stored in Cd-plated containers. The inhal
of fumes or dusts of Cd primarily affects the respiratory
tract; the kidneys may also be affected. Even brief expo-
sure to high cone may result in pulmonary edema and
death. Usually the edema is not massive, with little
pleural effusion. In fatal cases, fatty degeneration of
the liver and acute inflammatory changes in the kidneys
have been noted. Ingestion of Cd results in a: gastro-
intestinal type of poisoning resembling food poisoning
in its symptoms. Inhal of dust or fumes may cause
dryness of the throat, cough, headache, a sense of con-
striction in the chest, shortness of breath (dyspnca)
and vomiting. More severe exposure results in marked
lung changes, with persistent cough, pain in the chest,
severe dyspnea and prostration which may terminate
fatally. X-ray changes are usually similar to those seen
in broncho-pneumonia. The urine is frequently dark.
These symptoms are usually delayed for some hours
after exposure, and fatal cone may be breathed without
sufficient discomfort to warn the workman to leave
the exposure. There is some evidence of teratogenicity.
Ingestion of Cd results in sudden nausea, salivation,
vomiting and diarrhea and abdominal pain and discom-
fort. Symptoms begin almost immediately after inges-
tion. A yellow discoloration of the teeth has been re-
ported in workers exposed to Cd. Cadmium oxide
fumes can cause metal fume fever resembling that
caused by zinc oxide fumes.
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CHROMIUM
CAS RN: 7440473
Af: Cr; Aw: 52.0
. SYN: CHROME
TOXICITY DATA:
NIOSH #: GB 4200000
CODEN:
ivn-rat IDLo:2160 ug/kg/6W-I JNCIAM 16,447,55
TF)(:ETA
imp-rat roLo: 1200 ug/kg/6W-I JNCIAM 16,447,55
TF)(:ETA
imp-rbt ro1,o:75 mg/lcg:ETA ZEKBAI 52,425,42
Carcinogenic Determination: Animal Suspected IARC**
· 2,100,73; Animal Indefinite IARC** 23,205,80. TLV-
TW A 500 ug/m3 DTLVS• 4,98,80. Toxicology Review:
85CVA2 5,63,70; KOTIAM 11(11),1300,75; FO-
REAE 7,313,42; MIBUBI 9(4),321,75; FCTXAV
9,105,71; PEXTAR 12,102,69; 85DHAX Cr,22,74;
BNYMAM 54,413,78; NTIS•• Conf-691001. OSHA
Standard: Air: TWA I mg/m3 (SCP--0) FEREAC
39,23540,74. "NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods"
VOL I 152,182, VOL 3; S323,352, VOL 5 173#.
NIOSH Current Intelligence Bulletin 4, 1975. Reported
in EPA TSCA Inventory, 1980. Proposed OSHA Medi-
cal Records Rules FEREAC 47,30420,82.
THR: An cxper ETA, CARC.
Disaster Hazard: Powder will explode spont in air.
lncomp: Oxidants.
For further information see Vol. 3, No. 3 of DPIM Report
CHROMIUM COMPOUNDS
Chromic acid and its salts have a corrosive action on
the skin and mu mem. The lesions are confined to the
exposed parts, affecting chiefly the skin of the hands and
forearms and the mu mem of the nasal septum. The char-
acteristic lesion is a deep, penetrating ulcer, which, for
the most part, does not tend to suppurate, and which is
slow in healing.
Small ulcers, about the size of a matchhead or end
of a lead oencil may be found, chiefly around the base
of the nails, on· the knuckles, dorsum of the hands and
forearms. These ulcers tend to be clean, and progress
slowly. They arc frequently painless, even though quite
deep. They heal slowly, and leave scars. On the mu mem
of the nasal septum the ulcers are usually accompanied
by purulent discharge and crusting. If exposure continues,
perforation of the nasal septum may result, but produces
no deformity of the nose. Chromate salts are exper and
hmn CARC of the lungs, nasal cavity and paranasal sinus,
also exper CARC of the stomach and larynx. Hexavalent
compounds are said to be more toxic than the trivalent;
Eczematous dermatitis due to trivalent chroniium com-
pounds has been reported.
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LEAD
CAS RN: 7439921
mf: Pb; mw: 207.19
NIOSH #: OF 7525000
Bluish-gray, soft metal. mp: 327.43°, bp: 1740°, d: 11.34
@ 20°/4°. vap. press: 1 mm@ 973°.
SYNS:
c.,. 77575
LEAD FLAKE
LEAD s2
OLOW (POLISH)
TOXICITY DATA: 3
orl-rat IDLo=790 mg/kg (MGN)
orl-rat IDLo: 1140 mg/kg (14D prc-
21D post)
orl-mus IDLo= 1120 mg/kg (MGN)
orl-mus TDLo=6300 mg/kg (1-2ID
prcg)
orl-mus mLo: 12600 mg/kg (1-2ID
prcg) .
orl-mus IDLo=4800 mg/kg (1-16D
prcg)
ivn-ham TDLo: 50 mg/lcg/(8D
prcg):TER
orl-<lom IDLo=662·mg/kg (l-21W
prcg)
ivn-ham TDLo=50 mg/lcg/(8D
prcg):TER
orl-wmn TDLo:450 mg/kg/6Y=CNS
ipr-rat LDLo: 1000 mg/kg ·
orl-pgn LDLo: 160 mg/kg
CODEN:
AEHLAU 23, 102,71
PHMCAA 20,201,78
AEHLAU 23,102,71
EXPEAM 31,1312,75
EXPEAM 31,1312,75
BECTA6 18,271,77
EXPEAM 25,56,69
TXAPA9 25,466,73
EXPEAM 25,56,69
JAMAAP 237,2627,77
EQSSDX 1,1,75
HBAMAK 4,1289,35
Carcinogenic Determination: Indefinite !ARC•• 23,
325,80.
TLV: AIR: 0.15 mg/m3 DTLVS• 4,243,80; Toxicology
Review: TRBMAV 33(1),85,75; PGMJAO
51(601),783,75; JDSCAE 58(12),1767,75; IRXPAT
12,1,73; CTPHBG 55,147,71; CTOXAO 6(3),377,73;
QURBAW 7(1),75,74; RREVAH 54,55,75; JAVMA4
164(3),277,74; AEMBAP 40,239,73; CTOXAO
5(2),151,72; FOREAE 7,313,42; KOTTAM
11(11),1300,75; GEIGAI 20(3),291,73; STEVA8
2(4),341,74; CLCHAU 19,361,73; AJMEAZ 38,409,65;
85DHAX PB,254,72; PDTNBH 6,204,77; AMTODM
3,2W,77. OSHA Standard: Air: TWA 200 ug/m3
(SCP-O) FEREAC 39,23540,74. Occupational Expo-
sure to Inorganic Lead recm std: Air: TWA 0. 10
mg(Pb)/m3 NTIS••. "NIOSH Manual of Analyt-
ical Methods" VOL I 102,191,195,200,208,214,262,
VOL 3 S34I.. Reported in EPA TSCA Inventory,
1980.
THR: See lead compounds. A hmn CNS. HIGH or!;
MOD irr. A common air contaminant. It is a ± CAR
of the lungs and kidney and an exper TER.
Fire Hazard: Mod, in the form of dust when exposed
to heat or flame. See also powdered metals.
Explosion Hazard: Mod, in the form of dust when exposed
to heat or flame.
Jncomp: NH,NO,, CIF3, H2O2, NaN3, Na2C2, Zr. diso-
dium acetylide; oxidants.
Disaster Hazard: Dangerous; when heated, emits highly
tox fumes; can react vigorously with oxidizing materi-
als.
For further information see Vol. I, No. 1 of DPIM Re-
port.
LEAD COMPOUNDS
TH R: Poisons. Lead poisoning is one of the commonest
of occupational diseases. The presence of lead-bearing
materials or lead compounds in an industrial plant does
not necessarily result in exposure on the part of the
workman. The lead must be in such form, and so dis-
tributed, as to gain entrance into the body or tissues
of the workman in measurable quantity, otherwise no
exposure can be said to exist Some are CAR of the
lungs and kidneys. Exper NEO, ET A. Mode of entry
into body:
I. By inhal of the dusts, fumes, mists or vapors.
(Common air contaminants.)
2. By ingestion of lead compounds trapped in the
upper respiratory tract or introduced into the mouth
on food, tobacco, fingers or other objects.
3. Through the skin; ibis route is of special impor-
tance in the case of organic compounds of lead, as
lead tetraethyl. In the case of the inorganic forms of
lead, this route is of no practical importance.
When lead is ingested, much of it passes through
the body unabsorbed, and is eliminated in the feces.
The greater portion of the lead that is absorbed is
caught by the liver and excreted, in part, in the bile.
For this reason, larger amounts of lead are necessary
to cause poisoning if absorption is by this route, and
a longer period of exposure is usually necessary to pro-
duce symptoms. On the other hand, upon inhal, absorp-
tion takes place easily from the respiratory tract and
symptoms tend to develop more quickly. From the
point of view of industrial poisoning, inhal of lead is
much more important than is ingestion.
Lead is a cumulative poison. Increasing amounts
build up in the body and eventually a point is reached
where symptoms and disability occur. Lead produces
a brittleness of the red blood cells so that they hcmolyzc
with but slight trauma; the hemoglobin is not affected.
Due to their increased fragility, the red cells are de-
stroyed more rapidly in the body than riorrnally, pro-
ducing an anemia which is rarely severe. The loss of
circulating red cells stimulates the production of new
young cells which, on entering the blood stream, are
acted upon by the circulating lead, with resultant co-
agulation of their basophilic material. These cells after
suitable staining, are recognized as "stippled cells." As
regards the effect of lead on the white blood cells, there
is no uniformity of opinion. In addition to its effect
on the red cells of the blood, lead produces a damaging
effect on the organs or tissues with which it comes in
contact. No specific or characteristic lesion is produced.
Autopsies of ·deaths attributed to lead poisoning and
experimental work on animals, have shown patho-
logical lesions of the kidneys, liver, male gonads, ner-
vous system, blood vessels and other tissues. None
of these changes, however, have been found consis-
tently.
In cases of lead poisoning, the amount of lead found
in the blood is frequently in excess of 0.07 mg per
100 cc of whole blood. The urinary lead excretion gen-
erally exceeds 0.1 mg per liter of urine.
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1,1,2-TRICHWROETHANE
CAS RN: 79005 NIOSH #: KJ 3150000
mf: C.H,Cl:,; mw: 133.40
Liquid, pleasant odor. bp: 114°, fp: -35°, d: 1.4416 @
20°/4°, vap. press: 40 mm @ 35.2°.
SYNS:
ETHANE TRICHLORIOE
NCI-d>4579
BETA-TRICHLOROETHANE
1,2,2-TRICHLOROETHANE
TOXICITY DATA:
skn-rbt 500 mg open MLD
skn-rbt 810 mg/24H SEY
cye-rbt 162 mg MLD
skn-gpg 1440 mg/ISM
cyt-gpg-skn 2880 ug/kg
orl-mus TDLo=76 gm/kg/78W-
I:CAR
3
TROJCHLOROETAN(l,1,2) (POL-
ISH)
VINYL TRICHLORIDE
CODEN:
UCOS .. 6/2Bn2
JETOAS 9.171,76
JETOAS 9,171,76
APTOA6 41,298,77
APTOA6 41,298, 77
NCITR• NCI-CG-TR-
74,78
orl-mus ro: 152 gm/kg/78W-I=CAR NCITR• NCI-CG-TR-
74,78
orl-rat LD50: 1140 mg/kg UCDS•• 6/28/72
ibl-rat LCLo: 500 ppm/SH AIHAAP 30,470,69
ipr-mus LDso:994 mg/kg TXAPA9 9,139,66
scu-mus LDso:227 mg/kg JPETAB 123,224,58
orl-<log LDLo:50() msf1<g AJHYA2 16,325,32
ipr-<log w50:450 mg/kg TXAPA9 10,119,67
ivn-<log LDLo=95 msfl<g QJPPAL 7,205,34
ibl-at LCLo: 13100 mg/m3/4.5H AHBAAM 116,131,36
scu-rbt LDLo=500 mg/kg QJPPAL 7,205,34
Aquatic Toxicity Rating: TLm96: 100-10 ppm WQCHM*
3,-,74. Carcinogenic Determination: Animal Positive
IARc•• 20,533,79.
TLV.-Air: 10 ppm (skin) DTLVS• 4,406,80. Toxicology
Review: FAZMAE 18,365,74; AIHAAP 40,A46,79;
27ZTAP 3,146,69. OSHA Standard: Air:TWA !Oppm
(skin) (SCP-J) FEREAC 39,23540,74_ NCI Carcino-
genesis Bioassay Completed; Results Positive: Mouse
(NCITR* NCI-CG-TR-74,78)_ NCI Carcinogenesis
Bioassay Completed; ~esults Negative: Rat (NCITR •
NCI-CG-TR-74,78). "NIOSH Manual of Analytical
Methods" VOL 1 127, VOL 2 S134. NIOSH Current
Intelligence Bulletin 27, 1978. Reported in EPA TSCA
Inventory, 1980. EPA TSCA 8(a) Preliminary Assess'
ment Information Proposed Rule FERREAC 45,
13646,80.
THR: HIGH ivn, scu and MOD or~ ihl, ipr and dermal.
MOD skn irr and SEY eye irr in rbts. Trichloroethane
has narcotic properties and acts as a local irr to the
eyes, nose and lungs. It may also be injurious to the
liver and kidneys. A fumigant. An exper CARC. MUT
data.
Disaster Hazard: Dangerous; see chlorides.
Incomp: K.
For further information see Vol. 2, No. 6 and Vol. 3,
No. 2 of DPIM Report
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1,1,t-TRlCHLOROEI'HANE ,nixed with
TETRACHLOROETHYLENE (3:t)
NIOSH #: KJ 3950000
SYNS:
OOWCLENE
EC CLEANER
2-1 CODEN: TOXICITY DATA:
orl-rat LOSO: 15 gm/1:g AlHAAP 24,541,63
ihl-rat LCS0:3700 ppm/7H AIHAAP 24,541,63
orl-mus wso: 10 gm/1:g A!HAAP 24,541,63
orl-rbt LoS0:13 gm/1:g AlHAAP 24,541,63
orl-gpg LDS0:6 gm/1:g AlHAAP 24,541,63
THR: LOW orl, ihl in rat; LOW orl in mus; orl in rbt
and orl in gpg.
Disaster HazJJrd: When heated to decomp it emits very
tox fumes of Cl -.
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TRICHLORO ETHYLENE
CAS RN: 79-01-6 NIOSH #: KX 4550000
mf: C2HCl3; mw: 131.38
Mobile liquid; characteristic odor of chloroform. d: 1.4649
@ 20°;4°; bp: 86.7°; flash p: 89.6°F; lei= ~2.5%;_uel
= 90% @ above 30°; mp: -73°; fp: -86.8 ; aut01gn.
temp.: 788°F; vap. press: 100 mm @ 32°; vap. d: 4.53. ·
SYNS:
ACETYLENE TRICHLORIDE
l-CHLOR0-2,2-DICHLOROETH-
YLENE
I, 1-DICHLOR0-2-CHLOROETH-
YLENE
NCI-Co4546
TRICHLOORETHEEN (DUTCH)
TRICHLORAETHEN (GERMAN)
TRI-CLENE
DOW-TRI
TRICLORETENE (ITALIAN)
VESTROL
ETHYLENE TRICHLORIDE
SKIN AND EYE IRRITATION
DATA: 3 CODEN:
eyc-hmn 5 ppm
skn-rbt 500 mg/24H SEV
cye-rbt 20 mg/24HSEV .
MUTATION DATA:
mmo-sat 100 uL/plate
mma-sat 5 pph/ZH
mma-smc IO mL/L
slt-mus-ipr 1 mmoVL
dns-mus-orl 2500 mg/L
dns-mus: bmr l mmol/L
hma-mus/smc 400 mg/kg
REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS
DATA:
ihl-rat TCLo: 1800 ppm/24H (I-2D
preg)
ihl-rat TCLo: 100 ppm/4H (6-.22D
preg)
ihl-rat TCLo= 1800 ppm/6H (l-20D
preg)
TUMORGENIC DATA:
ihl-rat TCLo:50() ppm/6Hn7W-
t:ETA
orl-mus TDLo:455 g/kg/78W-t:CAR
ihl-mus TCLo: 100 ppm/6H/
77W-t:ETA
ihl-ham TCLo: 100 ppm/6H/
77W-[:ETA
orl-mus TD:912 g/kg/78W-l'CAR
ihl-mus TC: 500 ppm/6H/77W-I : ET A
TOXICITY DATA:
orl-hmn LDLo:7 g/kg
ihl-hmn TCLo:6900 mg/M3/
lOM:CNS
ihl-hmn TCLo: 160 ppm/8JM:CNS
ihl-hmn TDLo:812 mg/kg:SYS
ihl-man TCLo: 110 ppm/8H=IRR
ihl-man LCLo:2900 ppm
orl-rat LD50:4920 mg/kg
ihl-rat LCLo: 8000 ppm/4H
orl-mus LD50:2402 mg/kg
ihl-mus LCLo:JQOO ppm/2H
ipr-mus LD50=3000 mg/kg
ivn-mus LD5Q:34 mg/kg
orl-dog LDLo:5860 mg/kg
ipr-dog LD50:1900 mg/kg
scu-dog LDLo: 150 mg/kg
ivn-dog LDLo: 150 mg/kg
orl-cat LDLo:5866 mg/kg
ihl-cat LCLo:32500 mg/M3/2H
orl-rbt LDLo=7330 mg/kg
scu-rbt LDLo: 1800 mg/kg
ihl-gpg LCLo:37200 ppm/40M
JOCMA 7 2,383,60
28ZPAK -,28,72
28ZPAK -,28,72
CODEN:
NIOSH• 5AUG77
ARTODN 41,249,79
MUREA V 48, 173,77
MUREAV 46,202,77
NTIS .. AD-A0S0-636
NTIS•• AD-A0S0-636
JEPTDQ 1,411,78
CODEN:
APTOD9 19,A22,80
JPHYA7 276,24P,78
TXCYAC 14,153,79
CODEN:
ARTODN 43,237,80
NCITR• NCI-CG-TR-2,76
ARTODN 43,237,80
ARTODN 43,237,80
NCITR• NCI-CG-TR-2,76'
ARTODN 43,237,80
CODEN:
ARTODN 35,295,76
AHBAAM 116,IJl,36
AIHAAP 23,167,62
BMIOAE 2,689,45
BJIMAG 28,293,71
NZMIAX 50,119,51
AIHAAP 30,470,69
AIHAAP 30,470,69
NTIS .. AD-A0S0-636
AEPPAE 141,19,29 .
JETOAS 7(4),247,74
CBCCP 6,141,54
I 2VXA5 8, 1069,68
TXAPA9 10,119,67
HBTXAC 5,76,59
QJPPAL 7,205,34
NBTXAC 5,76,59
AMBAAM I 16, 131,36
HBTXAC 5,76,59
QJPPAL 7,205,34
HBTXAC 5,76,59
Aquatic Toxicity Rating:TLm96: l000-100 ppm
WQCHM• 3,-,74. Carcinogenic Determination: Ani-
mal Positive !ARC•• 20,545,79; !ARC•• 11,263,
76.
TLV: TWA 50 ppm; STEL 150 ppm DTLVS• 4,406,
80.
Toxicology Review: JTEHD6 2(3),671,77; CLPTAT 8,
91,67; JOCMA7 16(3),194,74; JOCMA7 17(9),603,75;
FNSCA6 2,67,73; BNYMAM 54,413,78; 27ZTAP_
3,146,69. OSHA Standard: Air: TWA 100 ppm; Cl200;
Pk 300/5M/2H (SCP-J) FEREAC 39,23540,74. DOT:
ORM-A, Label: None FEREAC 41,57018,76. Occupa-
tional Exposure to Trichloroethylene recm std: Air:
TWA 100 ppm; CL 150 ppm/lOM NTIS••. Occupa-
tional Exposure to Waste Anesthetic Gases and Vapors
recm std: Air: CL 2 ppm/lH NTIS••. NCI Carcino-
genesis Bioassay Completed; Results Positive: Mouse
(NCITR *NCI-CG-TR-2,76); Results Negative: Rat
(NCITR{NCI-CG-TR-2,76). Currently tested by NTP
for carcinogenesis by Standard Bioassay Protocol as
of April 1982. NTP Carcinogenesis Bioassay Com-
pleted as of April 1982. "NIOSH Manual of Analytical
Methods" VOL I 127, Vol 3, S336. NIOSH Current
Intelligence Bulletin 2, 1975. Reported in EPA TSCA
Inventory, 1980. EPA TSCA Se NO: 05780146-
Followup sent as of April, 1979.
THR: A strong skn, eye irr. MUT data. An exper TER,
ETA, CARC. HIGH ivn, scu, ihl; MOD ihl, orl, ipr;
LOW orl, ihl. Inhal of high cone causes narcosis and
anesthesia. A form of addiction has been observed in
exposed workers. Prolonged inhal of mod cone causes
headache and drowsiness. Fatalities following severe,
acute exposure have been attributed to ventricular fi-
brillation resulting in cardiac failure. There is damage
to liver and other organs from chronic exposure. Cases
have been reported but are of questionable validity.
Determination of the metabolites trichloracetic acid
and trichloroethanol in urine reflects the absorption
of trichloroethylene. A food additive permitted in
food for human consumption. A common air contam-
inant.
Fire Hazard: Low, when exposed to heat or flame. High
cone of trichloroethylene vapor in high-temp air can
be made to burn mildly if plied with a strong flame.
Though such a condition is difficult to produce, flames
or arcs should not be used in closed equipment which
contains any solvent residue or vapor.
Spontaneous Heating: No.
Disaster Hazard: Dangerous. When heated to decomp
it emits tox fumes of c1-. Sec chlorides.
For further information see Vol. I, No. 2 and Vol. 3,
No. I of DPIM Report.
lncomp: Can react violently with Al, Ba, N20,, Li, Mg,
liquid 0 2, 0,, KOH, KNO,, Na, NaOH, Ti.
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VINYL CHLORIDE
CAS RN: 75014 NIOSH #: KU 9625000
mf: C2H3CI; mw: 62.50
Colorless liquid or gas (when inhibited), faintly sweet
odor. mp: -160°; bp: -13.9°, lei = 4%, uel = 22%;
flash p: 17.6°F (COC), fp: -159.7°, d(liquid): 0.9195 @
15° /4°, vap. press: 2600 mm @ 2S0 , vap d: 2.15, autoign.
temp.: 882°F. Slightly sol in water; sol in ale; very sol
in ether.
SYNS:
CHLOROETHENE MONOCH.LOROETHYLENE (DOT)
CHLOROETHYLENE VJNYLCHLORID (GERMAN)
CHLORURE DE VINYLE (FRENCH) VINYL CHLORIDE (DOT)
CLORURO DI VINILE (ITALIAN) VINYL CHLORIDE MONOMER
ETHYLENE MONOCHLORIDE VINYL C MONOMER
MONOCHLOROETHENE WINYLU CHLOREK (POLISH)
TOXICITY DATA:
mma-smc 25000 ppm
otr-rat-ihl 2000 ppm/l4W-I
hma-rat/smc I pph/24H-C
3
ihl-man TCLo=30 mg/m3 (5Y male)
ihl-rat TCLo=500 ppm/7H (6-150
prcg)
ihl-rat TCLo: 1500 ppm/24H (1-9D
prcg)
ihl-rat TCLo:6000 ppm/4H (12-18D
prcg)=ETA
ihl-man TCLo:500 ppm/4Y-l :CAR
orl-ral TDLo: 10 gm/l<g/52W-(:CAR
ihl-rat TCLo:so ppm/52W-I:CAR
ihl-rat TCLo=6000 ppm/4H/(12-18D
prcg)=CARC
ipr-rat TDLo=2t mg/kg/65W-l=ETA
scu-rat TDLo=21 mg/kg/67W-l:ETA
ihl-mus TCLo:50 ppm/30W-I=CAR
ihl-ham TCLo=50 ppm/4H/30W-
(:CAR
ihl-mus Tc:2500 ppm/26W-I=NEO
ihl-rat TC:250 ppm/52W-J:CAR
ihl-mus TC=SO ppm/47W-J:CAR
orl-rat TD:34 gm/l<g/3Y-I=CAR
ihl-mus TC:2500 ppm/26W-I:NEO
ihl-mus TC:2500 ppm/35W-I :CAR
ihl-rat Tc:250 ppmnY-I=CAR
ihl-ham TC:500 ppm/48W-I:NEO
ihl-rat TC:250 ppm/80W-I:CAR
ihl-rat TC:50 ppm/37W-I=CAR
orl-rat LD50= SOO mg/kg
ihl-gpg LCLo: 20 ppm/30M
CODEN:
MUREAV 91,381,81
ARTODN 47,71,81
MUREAV 91,381,81
GTPZAB 24(5),28,80
TXAPA9 33,134,75
TXCYAC 11,45,78
ANYAA9 271,431,76
JOCMA7 16,809,74
APDCDT 3,216.76
ANYAA9 271,431,76
ANYAA9 271,431,76
APDCDT 3,216, 76
APDCDT 3,216,76
ANYAA9 271,431,76
APDCDT 3,216.76
ENVRAL 16,285,78
JTEHD6 4,15,78
JTEHD6 4, 15, 78
EVHPAZ 21,1,77
ENVRAL 16,285,78
ENVRAL 7,387,74
AANLAW 56,1,74
MELAAD 65,421,74
MELAAD 65,421,74
MELAAD 65,421,74
oowcc•
85DVA7 -,1160,38
Aquatic Toxicity Rating: TLm96:over 1000 ppm
WQCHM* 3,-,74.
Carcinogenic Determination: Human Positive IARC••
19,377,79.
TLV: Air: 5 ppm DTLVS* 4,427,80. Toxicology Review:
FAZMAE 18,365,74; JTEHD6 l(l),47,75; CMTVAS
10(3),49,73; CHWEAP 70,5,74; CAN CAR 39, 1792,77;
MUREAV 32(2),93,76; ZHPMAT 166,113,78; BNY-
MAM 54,413,78; ABMHAM 35,585,77; CHINAS
22,117,78. OSHA Standard: Air: TWA I ppm; CL 5
ppm/ISM FEREAC 40,27073,75. DOT: Flammable
Gas, Label: Flammable Gas FEREAC 41,57018,76.
Occupational Exposure to Vinyl Halides recm std: Air:
TWA I ppm; CL 5 ppm/ISM NTIS". "NIOSH Man-
ual of Analytical Methods" VOL l 178. NIOSH Cur-
rent Intelligence Bulletin 28, 1978. Reported in EPA
TSCA Inventory, 1980. EPA TSCA SE No.
03780104--Followup Reply Received as of April, 1979.
THR: HIGH irr via inhal route and to skn, eyes and
mu mem. In high cone, it acts as an anesthetic. Causes
skn bums by rapid evaporation and consequent freez-
ing. Chronic exposure has shown liver injury in rats
and rbts. Circulatory and bone changes in the fingertips
reported in workers handling unpolymerized materials.
A hmn brain CARC and an exper brain CARC, NEO,
ETA via inhal route. May cause local irr.
Fire Hazard: Dangerous, when exposed to heat. flame
or oxidizers. Large fires of this material are practically
inextinguishable.
Spontaneous Heating: No.
Explosion Hazard: Severe, in the form of vapor, when
exposed to heat or flame. Also, on standing, forms per-
oxides in air and can then explode.
DisG!iter Hazard: Very dangerous; when heated to decomp
it emits highly tox fumes of phosgene; can react vigor-
ously with oxidizing materials. Before storing or han-
dling this material, instructions for its use should be
obtained from the supplier.
To Fight Fire: Stop flow of gas.
For further information see Vol. I, No. 3 of DPIM Report.
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XYLENE
CAS RN: 1330207
mf: C8H10; mw: 106.18
SYNS:
DIMETHYLBENZENE
KSYLEN (POLISH)
XILOLI (ITALIAN)
TOXICITY DATA:
ihl-rat TCLo: 1000 mg/m3/24H
(9-14D pceg)
eye-hmn 200 ppm
skn-rbt 100% MOD
skn-rbt 500 mg/24H MOD
eye-rbt 87 mg MLD
eye-rbt 5 mg/24H ~EV
ihl-hmn TCLo:200 ppm:IRR
ihl-man LCLo: ICXXX) ppm/6H
orl-rat LDso:4300 mg/kg
ihl-rat LCS0:5Q()() ppm/4H
scu-rat LD50= 1700 mg/kg
ipr-mus LOSO: 1570 ug/kg
ipr-gpg LpLo:2000 mg/kg
ipr-mam LDLo=20CXJ mg/kg
NIOSH #: ZE 2100000
XYLENEN (DUTCH)
XYLOL
XYLOLE (GERMAN)
3-2-1 CODEN:
TXCYAC 11,55,78
JIHTAB 25,282,43
AMIHAB 14,387,56
28ZPAK -,24, 72
AMIHAB 14,387,56
28ZPAK -,24,72
JIHTAB 25,282,43
BMJOAE 3,442,70
AMIHAB 14,387,56
NPIRI' 1,123,74
NPIRI' 1,123,74
AGGHAR 18, 109,60
AIHAAP 35,21,74
AJHYA2 7,276,27
Aquatic Toxicity Rating: TLm96: 100-10 ppm WQCHM•
2,-,74.
Toxicology Review: 27ZTAP 3,153,69. OSHA Standard:
Air: TWA 100 ppm (SCP-U) FEREAC 39,23540,74.
Occupational Exposure to Xylene recm std: Air: TWA
100 ppm; CL 200 ppm/lOM NTIS••. "NIOSH Manual
of Analytical Methods" VOL I 127, VOL 3 S318. Re-
ported in EPA TSCA Inventory, 1980. EPA TSCA
8(a) Preliminary Assessment Information Proposed
Rule FERREAC 45,13646,80.
THR: A hmn eye irr; A skn eye irr. A hmn IRR and
MOD ipr, scu, ihl; LOW orl.
Disaster Hazard: When heated to decamp it emits acrid
smoke and fumes.
XYLENE
CAS RN: 1330207 NIOSH #: ZE 2190000
A clear liquid. bp: 138.5°, flash p: 100°P (TOC), d: 0.864
@ 20°/4°, vap. press: 6.72 mm @ 21°. Composition
as nonaromatics .07%, toluene 14%, ethyl benzene
19.27%, p-xylene 7.84%, m-xylene 65.01%, o-xylerie
7.63%, C9 and aromatics .04% (TXAPA9 33,543,75)
SYNS:
AROMA TIC HYDROCARBONS. NCI-C55232
MIXED
TOXICITY DATA: 2 CODEN:
ihl-rat Lcso:6700 ppm/4H TXAPA9 33,543,75
Currently Tested by NTP for Carcinogenesis by Standard
Bioassay Protocol as of December 1980. Reported in
EPA TSCA Inventory, 1980. EPA TSCA SE No.
12770025-Status Report Prepared as of April, 1979.
THR: MOD via inhal and oral routes. Some temporary
corneal effects are noted, as well as some conjunctival
irr by instillation. Irr can start @ 200 ppm. Very little
dermal toxicity.
Fire Hazard: Mod, in the presence of heat or flame; can
react with oxidizing materials.
To Fight Fire: Foam, CO2, dry chemical.
Disaster Hazard: When heated to decamp it emits acrid
smoke and fumes.
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o-XYLENE
CAS RN: 95476 NIOSH #: ZE 2450000
mf: C8H10; mw: 106.18
Colorless liquid; d: 0.880 @ 20° /4°; mp: -25.2°; bp:
144.4°; flash p: 62.6°F. Lei = 1.0%; ·uel = 6.0%. Insol
in water; misc in absolute ale; ether.
SYNS:
0-DIMETHYLBENZENE
0-METHYLTOLUENE
1,2-XYLENE
TOXICITY DATA: 3-2
1,2-DIMETHYLBENZENE
0-XYLOL
CODEN:
ihl-rat TCLo: 150 mg/m3n4H (7-14D
prcg)
TXCYAC 18,61,80
ihl-rat TCLo: 1500 mg/m3/24H (J-
14D prcg)
ihl-rat TCLo:JQOO mg/m3/24H (7-
14D prcg)
orl-rat LDLo:5000 mg/kg
ihl-rat LCLo:6125 ppm/12H
ihl-mus LCLo: 6920 ppm
TXCYAC 18,61,80
TXCYAC 18,61,80
AMIHAB 19,403,59
JPBAA 7 46,95,38
AEPPAE 143,223,29
Aquatic Toxicity Rating: TLm96: 100-10 ppm WQCHM*
2,-,74. .
TLV: Air: 100 ppm DTLVS* 4,440,80. Toxicology Re-
view: MUREA V 4 7(2), 75, 78. Occupational Exposure
to Xylene recm std: Air: TWA 100 ppm; CL 200 ppm/
lOM NTIS**. Reported in EPA TSCA Inventory,
1980. EPA TSCA 8(a) Preliminary Assessment Infor-
mation Proposed Rule FERREAC 45,13646,80.
THR: HIGH-MOD orl, ihl. Eye irr @ 200 ppm. A com-
mon air contaminant.
Fire Hazard: Dangerous, when exposed to heat or
flame.
Explosion Hazard: Slight, in the form of vapor, when
exposed to heat or flame.
Disaster Hazard: When heated to decomp it emits acrid
smoke and fumes.
To Fight Fire: Foam, CO2, dry chemical.
lncomp: Oxidizing mat~rials.
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m-XYLENE
CAS RN: 108383 NIOSH #: ZE 2275000
mf: C.H,0; mw: l06.18
Colorless liquid; mp: -47.9°; bp: 139°; lei = I.I%; uel = 7.0%; flash p: 77°F; d: 0.864 @ 20° /4°; vap press:
IO mm @ 28.3°; vap d: 3.66; autoign temp: 986°F. In-
sol in water; misc with ale, ether and some organic sol-
vents.
SYNS:
M-DIMETHYLBENZENE
1,3-XYLENE
1,3-0IMETHYLBENZENE
M·XYLOL
TOXICITY DATA: 3-2
ihl-ral TCLo:3000 mg/m3/24H (7-
14D preg)
orl-mus TDLo= 12 mg/kg (12-15D
preg)
orl-mus mLo:JO mg/kg (6-15D preg)
ihl-man TCLo=424 mg/m3/6H/6D
CODEN:
TXCYAC 18,61,80
APTOD9 19,A22,80
APTOD9 19,A22,80
TOLED5 IOOO(Sp. Iss.
1),74,8 skn-rbt 10 ug/24H open SEV AIHAAP 23,95,62 orl-ral LD5Q:SOOQ mg/kg AMIHAB 19,403,59
ihl-ral LCLo: 8000 ppm/4H AIHAAP 23,95,62 ihl-m·us LCLo:2QIQ ppm/24H JPBAA7 46,95,38
TLV: Air:.100 ppm DTLVS* 4,439,80. Toxicology Re-
view: MUREAV 47(2),75,78. Occupational Exposure
to Xylene recm std: Air:.TWA 100 ppm; CL 200 ppm/
!OM NTIS••. Reported in EPA TSCA Inventory,
1980. EPA TSCA 8(a) Preliminary Assessment Infor-
mation Proposed Rule FERREAC 45, 13646,80.
THR: HIGH-MOD or!, ihl. A common air contaminant.
Eye irr @ 200 ppm.
Fire Hazard: Dangerous, when exposed to heat or flame,
can react with oxidizing materials.
Explosion Hazard: MOD, in the form of vapor when
exposed to heat or flame.
Disaster Hazard: Dangerous; keep away from open flame.
When heated to decomp it emits acrid smoke.
To Fight Fire: Foam, CO2, dry chemical.
For further information see Vol. I, No. 7 of DPIM Re-
port.
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p-XYLENE
CAS RN: 106423 NIOSH #: ZE 2625000 mf: CsH,o; mw: 106. 18
Clear plates; bp: 138.3 °; lei: I.I%; uel = 7.0%; flash p:
77°F (CC); d: 0.8611 @ 20°/4°; vap press: 10 mm @
27.3°; vap d: 3.66; autoign temp: 986°F. mp: 13°-14°.
Insol in water; sol in ale, ether, organic solvents.
SYNS:
P·DIMETHYLBENZENE
P-METHYLTOLUENE
1,4--XYLENE
1,4-DIMETHYLBENZENE
P-XYLOL
TOXICITY DATA: 3-2-1
ihl-rat TCLo:J()()() mg/m3/24H (9-
100 preg)
ihl-rat TCLo: ISO mg/m3/24H (7-14D
preg)
ihl-rat TClo'3000 mg/m3/24H (7-
14D prcg)
orl-mus TDLo: 12 mg/kg (12-15D
p,eg)
orl-rat LOSO: 5000 mg/kg
ihl-rat LCLo:4912 ppm/24H
ihl-mus LCLo=3460 ppm
CODEN:
TXCYAC 19,263,81
TXCYAC 18,61,80
TXCYAC 18,61,80
APTOD9 19,A22,80
AMIHAB 19,403,59
JPBAA7 46,95,38
AEPPAE 143,223,29
Aquatic Toxicity Rating: TLm96: 100-10 ppm WQCHM•
2,-,74
TLV: Air: 100 ppmDTLWS• -,30,76. Toxicology Review: MUREAV 47(2),75,78. Occupational Exposure to Xy-lene recm std: Air: TWA 100 ppm; CL 200 ppm/lOM
NTJS••. Reported in EPA TSCA Inventory, 1980:
EPA TSCA 8(a) Preliminary AssessmeQt Information
Proposed Rule FERREAC 45, 13646,80.
THR: LOW orl, ihl. Eye irr @ 200 ppm. May be narcotic
in high cones. Chronic tox not established; but is less
tox than benzene. · ·
Fire Hazard: Dangerous, when exposed to heat or flame;
can react with oxidizing materials.
Explosive Hazard: MOD, in the form of vapor, when exposed to heat or flame.
Disaster Hazard: When heated to decomp it emits acrid smoke and fumes.
To Fight Fire: Foam, CO2, dry chemical.
Incomp: Acetic acid + air; HNO,; I ,3-dichloro-5,5-di-
methyl-2,4-imid-azolidindione.
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Appendix A
Maps and Photographs
_,/
_.
./'
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'•--, -~ -------"--' , , , , -------2' ff• ,07 /SffMJ '08 '09 40' •JO '12 'l3°'°'£ ,I l<,I' • ' 7so45· '03 '04 2080000 FEET 05 4 3 52561/NW AD CLASSIFICATION Mapped, edited, and published by the Geological Survey SCALE 1:24 000 RO 1 MILE ROAD CLASSIFICATION Light-duty road, hard or improved surface ;-1:;,,,_> ... .,.-c:-,-p""< ----i,.lz,<_,. * 1 SCALE 1.24 000 ; __ l :f 0 3000 4000 ~000 6000 7000 FEET Primary highway, hard surface Secondary highway, ' -/ ~ ,-r--·t ,,, ~,:;f~'<, 1-t * el .,i""' Mapped, edited, and published by the Geological Survey Control by USGS, NOS/NOAA, North Carolina Geodetic Survey, and North Carolina Department of Transportation Topography by photogrammetric methods from aerial photographs taken 1977. Field checked 1977 Map edited 1981 Projection and 10,000-foot grid ticks: North Carolina coordinate system (Lambert conformal conic) 1000-meter Universal Transverse Mercator grid, zone 17 1927 North American Datum To place on the predicted North American Datum 1983 move the projection lines 12 meters south and 23 meters west as shown by dashed corner ticks Fine red dashed lines indicate selected fence and field lines where generally visible on aerial photographs. This information is unchecked * '" I j C, ',, i' 61/,o ', I 116-MILSI 122 '1 1·24 MILS I I ',1 IJT\,I GRID AND 7%1 MAGNErl•: NORTII OECI INAIION e,T C~NTER OF SHEET ' l. -~ 1000 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 FEET a-= 5 0 1 KILOMETER = CONTOUR INTERVAL 10 FEET NATIONAL GEODETIC VERTICAL DATUM OF 1929 THIS MAP COMPLIES WITH NATIONAL MAP ACCURACY STANDARDS FOR SALE BY U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. RESTON, VIRGINIA 22092 A FOLDER DESCRIBING TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS AND SYMBOLS IS AVAILABLE ON REQUEST I MILE • " "'., CUA[)'iA!-Jr;lE LUCHrnl Primary highway hard surface Secondary highway, hard surface Interstate Route Light-duty road hard or ::ontrol by USGS, NOS/NOAA, USCE, and North Carolina Geodetic Survey improved surface ~--~ropography by photogrammetric methods from aerial photographs aken 1977. Field checked 1977. Map edited 1981 Unimproved road U.S. Route = .. --~-=:>rejection and 10,000-foot grid ticks: North Carolina coordinate ;ystem, (Lambert conformal conic) 1000-meter Universal Transverse Mercator grid, zone 17 1927 North American Datum State Route ro place on the predicted North American Datum 1983 :nove the projection lines 12 meters south and s11..-4 oxcoRo Is· oUADRANGLE 24 meters west as shown by dashed corner ticks BEREA, N. C. N3615-W7837.5/7 .5 Fine red dashed lines indicate selected fence and field lines where ~enerally visible on aerial photographs. This information is unchecked 1981 Red tmt indicates area in which only landmark buildings are shown OMA 5256 I SW-SERIES Y842 '" A IGN • I ' I 61:2° I lli>MTCS\ i_______ITZ_ \•26MILS 'I '. ,1 'I LJ1M GRID AND 198i MAGNETIC r..ORTH DFCLINATION AT CENllR OF SHEET 1000 2000 1000 ~ 5 0 I KILOMETER ·--3 CONTOUR INTERVAL 10 FEET NATIONAL GEODETIC VERTICAL DATUM OF 1929 THIS MAP COMPLIES WITH NATIONAL MAP ACCURACY STANDARDS FOR SALE BY U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. RESTON, VIRGINIA 22092 A FOLDER DESCRIBING TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS AND SYMllOLS IS AVAILABLE ON REQUEST ,,J . ,c -d'\ ----:, T CJAO~M'iGI.[ L:)CA-'.!r, hard surface -=-= ' Interstate Roule Unimproved road U S. Route 'Stale Route OXFORD, N. C. SH/4 OXFORD '5' QUADRANGl,E N3615-W7830/7 .5 1981 OMA 5256 I SE-SERIES V842
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UTM GRID ANO 1981 MAGNETIC NORTH OECUNATrON AT CENTER or SH(ET v~· ..
1000
SCALE 1 :24 000
0
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
CONTOUR INTERVAL 10 FEET l,JATIO"'A' rcnn.r..-,,... ...... ~ ....... -·-···· --
l MILE
6000 7000 F[ ET
I KILOMETER
OXFORD, N. C.
SE.14 OXFORD 15' QL:AORANGLE
N3615-W7830/7.5
1981
-----
-~ , ..
..... -.. ~
• <
'-, •. ~>:.;,. ...
,--.--------
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0 • -. -. ~'
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. I _. ._ ' '~ •~ I "' \ ' • ~ . ·. . \, ·\._. ' \ '-:::::...
,\ ~~. .... ' -... ~~
' '<::l..'-:;::::,.. 'O ... ': "/ ~~
\ -~-·--.,,, ' \\"_.--... : /..,, ... . · . .ao · • --: . ~ . . ,s'10·
r .-:' .· ,.,.i-. Ao.
. .
r.
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1-----
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.1
-z
... , I
;
I I I ~ ( ' \ Map 3 . (Ref. 5) l>i.+--------1 n
-- -- --- - - -
-
,. + ,
•
~:
X OVA STATION
• SOIL S')).hlf'l.lNG STATION
(86) CONCENTRATION Of TOTAL VOLATILE ORGANICS u911<~
-
CHEMICAL STORAGE PAD
-
------
M
----
SUBSTATION
SEWER LINE
IOTA"C-VOL:ATIL'.E'ORGANICS IN SOIL AT ONE FOOT DEPTH
CHANNEL MASTER
OXFORD, N. C.
DUClll"10II
FIGURE 2o
JM-O•TI•
05 5-B!i-139 B 9 / 86
M:.l.ll• 1• • 20' ,,..n c.-
son.. e, MAT£RIAL ENGIHEEftS.tNC.
RALElGH,NORTH CARa.JNA
---
--
. ---•---~-.
- - -
LEGEND:
X OVA STATION
• SOIL SlH,FLING STATION
(86) CONCENTRATION OF TOTAL VOLATILE
(NS) NOT SAMPLED
--- -
' . r
ORGANICS ug/l<O
-
'.
--
CHANNEL MASTER·
,(?Xl:ORO, ·~.C.
; Ollell1"1DII
- -
FIGURE 2b
- - - --
IOa-0. D,_TI•
055-85--139B 9/86
SOIi:, a liiATERIAL ENGINEDtS,INC.
R~IGH, NORTH CARQ.JNA
-- -- --
LEGEND:·
X OVA STATION
• SO!l S1\MPLING STATIO'N
(86) CONCENTRATION OF TOTAL v0LATILE ORGANICS ug/l<g
CNS) NOT SAMPLED
--- - - -
.c-3; C-2
. (N~ ,{NS)
- --
,.
(0)
-
T0TAt'·vot!T11'E'oRG/iNia:s'(i(sor1:·i\rSEVEN'FOOT DEPTH
-n• ~11 .. ,,
MCJ --IIATl•
055-85-1398 9/ 86
FIGURE 2c -~~ 20· •~n ~
soil a MATERIAL ENGIM£ERS,IJfC.
RALEIGH, NORTH CARClJNA
-- -
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-z--•
0 i
f
·---·-1---
•
\
All.I sn0 ,., /
Map 7 (Ref. 5) I
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The toxicity of the various lead compounds appears
to depend upon several factors: (1) the sol of the com-
pound in the body fluids; (2) the fineness of the particles
of the compound; sol is greater, of course, in proportion
to the fineness of the particles; (3) conditions under
which the compound is being used; where a lead com-
pound is used as a powder; contamination of the atmo-
sphere will be much less where the powder is kepi
damp. Of the various lead compounds, the carbonate,
the monoxide and sulfate arc considered to be more
toxic than metallic lead or other lead compounds. Lead
arsenate is very toxic, due to the presence of the arsenic
radical.
Signs and Symptoms: Industrial lead poisoning commonly
occurs following prolonged exposure to lead or its com-
pounds. The common clinical types of lead poisoning
may be classified according to their clinical picture as
(a) alimentary; (b) neuromotor; and (c) encephalic.
Some cases may show a combination of clinical types.
The alimentary type occurs most frequently, and is
characterized by abdominal discomfort or pain. Severe
cases may present actual colic. Other complaints arc
constipation and/or diarrhea, loss of appetite, metallic
taste, nausea and vomiting, lassitude, insomnia, weak-
ness, joint and muscle pains, irritability, headache and
dizziness. Pallor, lead line on the gums, pyorrhea, loss
of weight, abdominal tenderness, basophilic stippling,
anemia, slight albuminuria, increased urinary excre-
tion, and an increase in the lead content of the whole
blood, are signs which may accompany the above symp-
toms.
In the neuromuscular type, the chief complaint is
weakness, frequently of the extensor muscles of the
wrist and hand, unilateral or bilateral. Other muscle
groups which are subject to constant use may be af.
fected. Gastroenteric symptoms are usually present, but
are not as severe as in the alimentary type of poisoning.
Joint and muscle pains arc likely to be more severe.
Headache, dizziness and insomnia are frequently prom-
inent. True paralysis is uncommon, and usually is the
result of prolonged exposure.
Lead encephalopathy is the most severe but the rarest
manifestation of lead poisoning. In the industrial
worker it follows rapid and heavy lead absorption. Or-
ganic lead ·compounds, such as tetraethyl lead, are ab-
sorbed rapidly through the skin as well as through
the lungs, and are selectively absorbed by the CNS.
The clinical picture in these cases is usually an en-
cephalopathy. With inorganic lead compounds, compa-
rable cone in the CNS are reached only when the work-
place is heavily contaminated with vapor, fume and
dust. Encephalopathy begins abruptly, and is character-
ized by signs of cerebral and meningeal involvement.
There is usually stupor, progressing to coma, with or
without convulsion, and often· terminating in death.
Excitation, confusion and mania arc less common. In
milder cases of short duration, there may be symptoms
of headache, dizziness, somnolence and insomnia. The
ccrebrospinal pressure may be increased. See also spe-
cific compound.
Diagnosis: A diagnosis of lead poisoning should not be
made on the basis of any single clinical or laboratory
finding. There must be a history of significant exposure,
signs, and symptoms (as described above) compatible
with the diagnosis, and confirmatory laboratory tests.
Increase of stippled red blood cells, mild anemia, and
elevated lead in blood and urine, i.e., more than 0.07
mg/100 ml blood and similar values per liter of urine.
An increase of coproporphyrins and certain amino ac-
ids in urine may be present. Diagnostic mobilization
of lead with calcium EDT A may be useful in questiona-
ble cases.
Treatment of Lead Poisoning: It has been found that the
chelating agent, calcium ethylenediaminetetracetate,
and related compounds are highly efficacious in remov-
ing absorbed lead from the tissues of the body. (The
therapeutic agents of this group are also known as ver-
sene, versenate, edathamil and Ca EDT A. Ca EDTA
. is effective only when administered intravenously. Vari-
ous dosage schedules have been proposed. An effective
regime is 3-6 g of Na Ca EDTA in 300 cc-500 cc of
5% glucose by intravenous drip over a period of 3-8
hrs. Treatment may be given daily for 5-10 days \\ith
an interval of one week between courses. Another plan
is to give treatment at intervals of 3-5 days until delead-
ing has been accomplished.
Disaster Hazard: See lead.
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SELENIUM
CAS RN: 7782492
af: Se; aw: 78.96
NIOSH #: VS 7700000
Steel gray, non-metallic element; mp: 170°-217°; bp:
690°; d: 4.81-4.26; vap press: I mm @ 356°.
SYNS:
SELENIUM ALLOY
SELENIUM BASE
SELENIUM HOMOPOL YMER
C.I. 77805
TOXICITY DATA: 3
orl-mus TOL.o: 134 mg/kg (MGN)
orl-mus TDLo=480 mg/kg/
60D-C=ETA
ihl-rat LDLo:33 mg/kg/8H
ivn-rat LDS0=6 mg/kg
unk-frg LDLo:J mg/kg
ELEMENTAL SELENIUM
SELEN (POLISH)
SELENIUM DUST
CODEN:
AEHLAU 23,!02,71
YMBUA7 11,368,60
AMIHBC 4,458,51
AMIHBC 4,458,51
PH REA 7 23,305,43
TLV: Air: 0.2 mg/m3 (Se) DTLVS• 4,361,80.
Toxicology Review: CTOXAO 6(3),459,73; CTOXAO
5(2),175,72; 3IZNAA 4(3),271,76; JAVMA4
164(3),277,74; CTOXAO 5(2),151,72; UMDAI
10(4),416,74; JAMAAP 116,562,41; CHREAY 28,
179,41; ADTEAS 5,51,72; PHREA7 23,305,43;
FOREAE 7,313,42; KOTTAM 11(11),1300,75;
85CVA2 5,63,70; PEXTAR l2,l02,69; BNYMAM
54,413,78; AMTODM 3,209,77. OSHA Standard: Air:
TWA 200 ug(Se)/m3 (SCP-X) FEREAC 39,23540,74.
"NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods" VOL I
124,181, VOL 3 Sl90. Reported in EPA TSCA Inven-
tory, 1980.
THR: An exper ETA. HIGH ihl, ivn, unk. See also sele-
nium compounds.
Disaster Hazard: When heated to decomp it emits tox
fumes of Se; Can react violently with barium carbide,
bromine pentafluorid~, calcium carbide, chlorates,
chlorine trifluoride, chromic oxide (CrOa), fluorine,
lithium carbide, lithium silicon (Li, Si2), nickel, nitric
acid, sodium, nitrogen trichloride, oxygen, potassium,
potassium bromate, rubidium carbide, zinc, silver bro-
mate, strontium carbide, thorium carbide, uranium.
For further information see Vol. I, No. 3 of DPIM Report.
SELENIUM (COLLOIDAL)
CAS RN: 7782492
TOXICITY DATA:
ivn-rat LDLo: 6 mg/kg
3
NIOSH #: VS 8310000
CODEN:
JPETAB 33,270,28
Reported in EPA TSCA Inventory, 1980.
TJIR: HIGH ivn. See also selenium and selenium com-
pounds.
Disaster Hazard: When heated to decamp it emits tox
fumes of Se.
SELENIUM COMPOUNDS
THR: HIGH via ivn and inhal routes. An exper care.
Selenium m small amounts is essential for normal
growt~ of soi:ne animals. Deficiency or excess is associ-
ated with senous disease in livestock. Long-term expo-
~ure may. be a cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
m hmns, Just as it may cause "blind stagger;" in cattle
Elemental selenium has low acute systemic toxicity:
but dust or fumes can cause serious irr of the respiratory
tract. Hydrogen_ selenide resembles other hydrides in
bemg highly toxic, and selenium oxychloride is a vesi-
cant. Some organoselenium compounds have the high
tox1c1ty of other organometals. Inorganic selenium
compounds can cause dermatitis. Garlic odor of breath
1s a c~mm?n symptom. Pallor, nervousness, depression
and d1ges1Ive disturbances have been reported in cases
o~ chrome ~xposure. Selenium compounds are common
arr contammants.
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ACETONE
CAS RN: 67641 NIOSH #: AL 3150000
mf: C3H6O; mw: 58.09
Colorless liquid, fragrant mint-like odor. mp: -94.6°, bp: 56.48°, ulc = 90, flash p: 0°F (CC), lei = 2.6%, ue~ = 12.8%, d: 0.7972 @ 15°, autoign. temp. (color): 869 F, vap. press: 400 mm @ 39.5°, vap. d: 2.00. Misc in water,
ale, and ether.
SYNS:
ACETON (GERMAN, DUTCH, PO-
LISH)
DIMETHYLFORMALDEHYDE
DIMETHYLKETAL
DIMETHYL KETONE
KETONE PROPANE
TOXICITY DATA:
ihl-man m1.o:440 µg/M3/6M
ihl-man TDLo: 10 mg/M3/6H
orl-mus LD50: 3000 mg/kg
eye-hmn 500 ppm
skn-rbt 395 mg open MLD
cye-rbt 3950 ug SEV
2-1
BETA-KETOPROPANE
METHYL KETONE
PROPANONE
2-PROPANONE
PYROACETIC ACID
PYROACETIC ETHER
CODEN:
ihl-hmn TCLo:500 ppm:EYE
ihl-man TCL.o:12000 ppm/4H=CNS
unk-man LDLo: 1159 mg/kg'
GISAAA 42(8)42,77
GISAAA 42(8)42,77
PCJOAU 14,162,80
JIHTAB 25,282,43 ucos .. snno
AJOPAA 29.1363,46
JIHTAB 25,282,43
AOHYAJ 16,73,73
85DCAI 2,73,70 ucos .. snno
AIHQA5 17,129,56
JPPMAB II, 150,59
AGGHAR 5, l,JJ
SCCUR• -,1.61
AEXPBL 18,218,1884
AEXPBL I 8,2 I 8, I 884
AEXPBL 18,218,1884
l2VXA5 8,7,68 ucos .. snno
AGGHAR 5,1,JJ
orl-rat LD.S0:9750 mg/kg
ihl-ral LCLo:64000 ppm/4H
ipr-rat Lot.o:soo mg/kg
ihl-mus LCLo= 110000 mg/m3/62M
ipr-mus Loso: 1297 mg/kg
orl-dog LDLo=24 gm/kg
ipr-dog LDLo=8 gm/kg
scu-dog LDLo=S gm/kg
orl-rbt Loso: 5300 mg/kg
skn-rbl LOSO: 20 gm/kg
scu-gpg LDLo:50CIQ mg/kg
Aquatic Toxicity Rating: TLm96:over 1000 ppm WQCHM* 4,-,74.
TLV: Air: 750 ppm DTLVS• 4,5,80. Toxicology Review: 27ZT AP 3,7,69. OSHA Standard: Air: TWA I 000 ppm (SCP-A) FEREAC 39,23540,74. DOT: Flammable
Liquid, Label: Flammable Liquid FEREAC 41, 57018,76. Occupational Exposure to Ketones recm std:
Air: TWA 590 mg/m3 NTIS** "NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods" VOL I 127, VOL 2 SI. Reported
in EPA TSCA Inventory, 1980.
THR: A hmn EYE, CNS. A skn, eye irr @ 500 ppm. MOD ipr, unk. LOW orl, ihl, ipr, scu skn. VERY LOW via dermal route. Acetone is narcotic in high
cone. In industry, no injurious effects from its use have been reported, other than the occurrence of skn irr resulting from its defatting action, or head-ache from prolonged inhal. A food additive permitted for human consumption. A common air contami-
nant.
Fire Hazard: Dangerous, when exposed to heat or flame
or oxidizers. lncomp: with (CHCl3 + a base), CrO, Cr(OCI),, (nitric+ acetic acid), (nitric+ sulfuric acid),
NOCI, nitrosyl perchlorate, nitryl perchlorate, permo-nosulfuric acid, potassium tert-butoxide, NaOBr, (sul-
furic acid + potassium dichromate), (thio-diglycol + hydrogen peroxide), trichloromelamine, bromoform, air, HNO3, activated C, chloroform, H,SO,, BF3, Br2, chromyl chloride, H,O2, F2O,, SCI,, tliiotrithiazyl per-chlorate, H,05S.
Explosion Hazard: Mod when vapor is exposed to flame.
Disaster Hazard: Dangerous. due to fire and explosion
haz.ard, can react vigorously with oxidizing materials. ·To Fight Fire: CO2, dry chemical, alcohol foam. For further information see Vol. I, No. 4 of DPIM re-• port.
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DICHLOROETHYLENE
CAS RN: 25323302
mf: C,H,Cl,; mw: 96.94
TOXICITY DATA:
ihl-mus LCLo=76 gm/m3/2H
ihl-gpg LCLo: 155 gm/m3/IH
2
NIOSH #: KV 9250000
CODEN:
AEXPBL 83,235,18
AEXPBL 83,235, 18
THR: MOD ihl in mus and gpg.
Disaster Hazard: When heated to decamp it emits tox
fumes ore,-.
cis-DICHLOROETHYLENE
CAS RN: 156592 NIOSH #: KV 9420000
mf: C,H,Cl2; mw: 96.94
Colorless liquid, pleasant odor. mp: -80.5°, bp: 59°,
lei = 9.7%, uel = 12.8%, flash p: 39°F, d: 1.2743 @
25°/4°, vap. press: 400 mm@ 41.0°, vap. d: 3.34.
SYNS:
l,2-DICHLOROETHYLENE ACETYLENE DICHLORIDE
1,1-DICHLOROETHYLENE
CAS RN: 75354 NIOSH #: KV 9275000 TOXICITY DATA: 1
ihl-mus LCLo:65000 mg/mJ/2.-i
ihl-cat LCLo=2(0)() mg/m3/6H
CODEN:
AHBAAM 116, 131,36
AHBAAM I 16,IJl,36 mf: C2H,C'2; mw: 96.94
Colorless volatile liquid. bp: 31.6°, lei = 7.3%, uel =
16.0%, fp: -122°, flash p: 0°F (OC), d: 1.213 @ 20°/
4°, autoign. temp.: 1058°F.
SYNS:
CHLORURE DE VINYLIDENE
(FRENCH)
1-1-DCE
NCJ-C54262
l, l•DICHLOROETHENE VINYLIDENE DICHLORIDE
TOXICITY DATA: 3
orl-rat TDLo=200 mg/kg (6-15D prcg)
ihl-rat TCLo:80 ppmnH (6-15D prcg)
ihl-rbt TCl.o: 160 ppmnH (6-150
prcg)
CODEN:
TXAPA9 49,189,79
TXAPA9 49,189,79
TXAPA9 49,189,79 .· ·
mmo-sat 5 pph MUREAV 57,141,78
mma-sat 3 pph/2H MUREAV 58,183,78
ihl-rat TCLo:55 ppm/52W-I=ETA JTEHD6 4,15,78
ihl-musTCLo:55 ppm/6H/IY-I=ETA EVHPAZ 21,25,77
skn-mus TDLo:4840 mg/kg=NEO JJIND8 63,1433,79
ihl-rat TC:55 ppm/IY-I:ETA EVHPAZ 21,25,77
ihl-mus TC:55 ppm/4JW-I:ETA ITEHD6 4,15,78
ihl-hmn TCLo:25 ppm:SYS CHINAG 11,463,76
orl-rat LD50=200 mg/kg DCTODJ t,63,77
ihl-rat LCLo: 10000 ppm/24H EXMPA6 20,187,74
ihl-mus LCS0:98 ppm/22H ITEHD6 3(5-6),913,77
orl-dog LD1.o:5750 mg/kg QJPPAL 7,205,34
ivn-dog LDLo:225 mg/kg QJPPAL 7,205,34
scu-rbt LDLo:3700 mg/kg QJPPAL 7,205,34
Aquatic Toxicity Rating: TLm96= 1000-100 ppm
WQCHM* 3,-,74. Carcinogenic Determination: Ani-
mal Positive IARC .. 19,439,79.
TL V.· Air: 10 ppm DTLVS• 4,432,80. Toxicology Review:
CTOXAO 8,633,75; CMTVAS 10(3),49,73; NTIS••
ORNL/TIRC-77/3. Occupational Exposure to Vinyl
Halides recm std·, Air: TWA I ppm; CL 5 ppm/ISM
NTIS••. NTP Carcinogenesis Bioassay Completed as
of December 1980. "NIOSH Manual of Analytical
Methods" VOL 4 266*. NIOSH Current Intelligence
Bulletin 28, 1978. Reported in EPA TSCA Inventory,
1980. EPA TSCA S(a) Preliminary Assessment Infor-
mation Proposed Rule FERREAC 45,13646,80.
THR: An exper MUT, ETA, NEO, CARC. HIGH acute
orl, ihl. See also vinyl chloride.
Fire Hazard: Highly dangerous, when exposed to heat
or flame.
Explosion Hazard: Mod, in the form of gas, when ex-
posed to heat or flame. Also can explode spontaneously;
reacts violently with chlorosulfonic acid, HNO,,
oleum.
Disaster Hazard: Highly dangerous; see chlorides; can
react vigorously with oxidizing materials.
To Fight Fire: Alcohol foam, CO2, dry chemical.
I ncomp: Air; chlorotri-fluoroethylene; ozone; perchloryl
fluoride.
Reported in EPA TSCA Inventory, 1980.
THR: LOW via oral route. In high cone it is irr and
narcotic. Has produced liver and kidney injury in exper
animals.
Fire Hazard: Dangerous, when exposed to heat or flame.
Reacts violently with N,O,, KOH, Na, NaOH.
Spontaneous Heating: No.
Explosion Hazard: Mod, in the form of vapor when ex-
posed to flame.
Disaster Hazard: Dangerous; see chlorides; can react vig-
orously with oxidizing materials.
To Fight Fire: Water spray, foam, CO,, dry chemical.
cis, 1,2-DICHLOROETHYLENE
mf: C,H,Cl,; mw: 96.94
Flash p: 42.8°F; lei= 3.3%; uel = IS%.
trans-1,2-DICHLOROETHYLENE
mf: C,H,CI,; mw: 96.94
Flash p: 35.6°F; lei= 9.7%; uel = IZ.S%.
Can cause fire hazard.
lncomp: Alkalies; difluoromethylene dihypofluorite·
trogen tetraoxide. • ni-
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DICHLOROETHANE
CAS RN: 1300216 NIOSH #: KH 9800000
mf: C,H,Cl,; mw: 98.96
Lei = 5.6%; uel = 11.4%.
TOXICITY DATA: 2 CODEN:
orl-rat LOSO: 1120 mg/kg
orl-mus LD5Q:62S mg/kg
ihl-mus LCLo: 10 gm/m3
skn-rt>t LD50: 3890 mg/kg
ihl-rat TCLo:6000 ppm (6-15D prcg)
TER
HYSAA V 32,349,67
HYSAA V 32,349,67
GISAAA 20(8),19,55 ucos .. 3;23no
TXAPA9 28,452,74
ihl-rat TCLo:600() ppm (6-150 preg) TXAPA9 28,452,74
THR: MOD orl in rat, mus. MOD skn in rbt.
Disaster Hazard: When heated to decomp it emits very
tox fumes of c1-.
1,2-DICHLOROETHANE
mf: C2H,Cl2; mw: 98. 96
Lei= 6.2%; uel = 15.9%; flash p: SS.4°F.
lncomp: Dinitrogen tetraoxide; metals.
For further information see Vol. I, No. 4 of DPIM Report
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1,1,1,2-TETRACHLOROETHANE
CAS RN: 630206 NIOSH #: KI 8450000
mf: C2H2Cl,; mw: 167.84
Liquid; d: 1.588 @ 20° /4°; bp: 129°-130°; sol in water;
misc in ale, ether.
SYN: NCI-C52459
TOXICITY DATA: 2 CODEN:
skn-rbt 500 mg/24H AMPMAR 35,593,74
cyc-rbt 100 mg SEY AMPMAR 35,593,74
Toxicology Review: AIHAAP 40,A46,79. Currently
Tested by NTP for Carcinogenesis by Standard Bioas-
say Protocol as of December 1980. NIOSH Current
Intelligence Bulletin 27, 1978. Reported in EPA TSCA
Inventory, 1980.
THR: Possible CARC. An irr (SEV) in rbt eyes and
MOD in rbt skn.
Disaster Hazard: When heated to decomp it emits very
tox fumes of c1-.
I ncomp: Dinitrogen tetraoxide.
For further information see Vol. 2, No. 6 and Vol. 3,
No. 2 of DPIM Report.
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l,l,2,2-T1'7'RACHLOROETHYLENE
CAS RN: 127184 NIOSH #: KX 38S0000
mf: C,Cl,; mw: 16S.82
Colorless liquid, chloroform-like odor. mp: -23.3S0 , bp:
121.20°, flash p: none, d: 1.6311 @ 1S0 /4°, vap. press:
IS.8 mm @ 22°, vap. d: S.83.
SYNS:
CARBON BtCHLORIDE
CARBON DICHLORIDE
CZTEROCHLOROETYLEN (POLISH)
DOW-PER
ETHYLENE TETRACHLORIDE
NCl-<:04580
PERCHLO:ORETHY~EEN, PER
(DUTCH)
PERCHLORAETHYLEN, PER (GER-
MAN)
TOXICITY DATA: 3
ihl-rat TCLo: 1000 ppm/24H (14D
prc/1-22D prcg)
PERCHLORETHYLENE, PER
(FRENCH)
PERCHLOROETHYLENE
PERCLENE
PERCLOROETILENE (ITALIAN)
TETRACHLOORETHEEN (DI.ITCH)
TETRACHLORAETHEN (GERMAN)
TETRACHLOROETHYLENE (DOT)
TETRACLOROETENE (ITALIAN)
CODEN:
APTOD9 19,All,80
ihl-rat TCLo01000 ppm/24H (1-22D
prcg)
APTOD9 19,A21,80
TJADAB 19,41A,79
TXAPA9 32,84,75
TXAPA9 32,84,75
ihl-rat TCLo=900 ppm/7H (7-13D
prcg)
ihl-rat TCLocJOQ ppm/7H (6-150
prcg)
ihl-mus TCLo:JOO ppm/7H (6-15D
prcg)
skn-rbt 810 mg/24H SEV
cye-rbt 162 mg MLD
mmo-sat 50 uL/plate
mma-sat 200 uL/plate
orl-mus TDLo' 195 gm/kg/50W-
(cCAR
orl-mus TD:240 gm/kg/62W•I=CAR
JETOAS 9,171,76
JETOAS 9,171,76
NIOSH' 5AUG77
NIOSH' 5AUG77
NCITR • NCI-CG-TR-
13,77
NCITR' NCI-CG-TR-
13,77
ihl•hmn TCLo:96 ppmnH:SYS NTIS•• PB257•185
ihl-man TCLo'280 ppm/2H'EYE AMIHBC 5,566,52
ihl-man TCLoc600 ppm/lOM:CNS AMIHBC 5,566,52
orl-rat LD50'8850 mg/kg NPIRI' 1,96,74
ihl-rat LCLo'4000 ppm/4H JOCMA7 4,262,62
orl•mus LD50=8l00 mg/kg NTIS•• PB257•185
ihl-mus LCLo,23000 mg/m3/2H AHBAAM 116,131,36
ipr-mus LD50=4700 mg/kg NTIS•• PB257•185
orl-dog LDLo:400() mg/kg. AJHYA2 9,430,29
ip,-dog LD50'2100 mg/kg TXAPA9 l0,119,67
ivn-dog LDLo=85 mg/kg QJPPAL 7,205,34
orl-cat LDLo:4000 mg/kg AJHYA2 9,430,29
orl-rot LDLoC5000 mg/kg AJHYA2 9,430,29
scu-rot LDLo'2200 mg/kg QJPPAL 7,205,34
Aquatic Toxicity Rating: TLm96: 100-10 pp.m WQCHM'
3,-, 74. Carcinogenic Determination: Animal Positive
!ARC" 20,491,79.
TLV: Air: 50 ppm (skin) DTLVS' 4,32S,80. Toxicology
Review: AJMEAZ 38,409,6S; 27ZTAP 3,139,69.
OSHA Standard: Air: TWA 100 ppm; CL 200; Pk
300/SM/3H (SCP-J) FEREAC 39,23S40,74. DOT:
ORM-A, Label: None FERE_AC 41,S7018,76. Occupa-
tional Exposure to Tetrachloroethylene recm std: Air:
TWA SO ppm; CL 100 ppm/ISM NTIS''. NCI Carci-
nogenesis Bioassay Completed; Results Positive: Mouse
(NCITR' NCI-CG-TR-13,77). NCI Carcinogenesis
Bioassay Completed; Results Negative: Rat (NCITR •
NCI-CG-TR-13,77). Currently Tested by NTP for Car-
cinogenesis by Standard Bioassay Protocol as of De-
cember 1980."NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods"
VOL I 127, VOL 3 S33S. NIOSH Current Intelligence
Bulletin 20, 1978. Reported in EPA TSCA Inventory,
1980. EPA TSCA SE No: 0S780146-Followup Sent
as of Aoril, 1979.
THR: MOD via inhal, oral, scu, ipr and dermal routes.
HIGH via ivn route. Not corrosive or dangerously
acutely reactive, but toxic by inhal, by prolonged or
repeated contact with the skin or mu mem, or when
ingested by mouth. The liquid can cause injuries to
the eyes; however, with proper precautions it can be
handled safely. The symptoms of acute intoxication
from this material are the result of its effects upon
the nervous system.
Exposures to higher cone than 200 ppm cause irr,
lachrymation and burning of the eyes and irr of the
nose and throat. There may be vomiting, nausea, drow-
siness, an attitude of irresponsibility, and even an ap-
pearance resembling alcoholic intoxication. This mate-
rial also acts as an anesthetic, through the inhalation
of excessive amounts within a short time. The symp-
toms of fatal intoxication are irritation of the eyes,
nose and throat, then fullness in the head, mental confu-
., sion; there may be headache stupefaction, nausea and I! vomiting, personnel suffering from subacute poisoning
may suffer from such symptoms as headache, fatigue,
nausea, vomiting, mental confusion and temporary
1 blurring of the vision. This can occur when inadequate
ventilation results in concentrations higher than 200
ppm, or where the vapor cone are intermittently high
due to faulty handling of the material, or when an
individual fails to take adequate precautionary mea-
sures.
This material can cause dermatitis, particularly after
repeated or prolonged contact with the skin. The der-
matitis is preceded by a reddening and burning and
more rarely, a blistering of the skin. In any event, the
skin becomes rough and dry, due largely to the removal
of skin oils by material. The skin then cracks easily
and is readily susceptible to infection. Upon ingestion
it causes irr of the gastrointestinal tract, which, in tum,
causes nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and bloody stools.
However, such effects are usually less severe than the
effects of swallowing similar amounts of other chlori-
nated hydrocarbons. An exper CARC. MUT data.
It may be handled in the presence or absence of
air, water, and light with any of the COmmon construc-
tion materials at temp. up to l 40°C. This material is
extremely stable and resists hydrolysis. A common air
contaminant. Reacts violently with Ba, Be, Li; N2O4;
metals; NaOH.
Disaster Hazard: Dangerous; when heated to decamp it
emits high tox fumes of chlorides.
For further information see Perchloroethylene Vol. I, No.
2 of DPIM Report.
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1,1,1-TRICHLOROETHANE
CAS RN: 71556 NIOSH #: KJ 2975000 mf: C,H3CI,; mw: 133.40
Colorless liquid. bp: 74.1°, fp: -32.5°, flash p: norie, d: 1.3376 @ 20°/4°, vap. press: 100 mm @ 20.0°. Insol
in water; sol in acetone, benzene, carbon tetrachloride, methanol, ether.
·SYNS:
CHLOROETHENE
CHLOROTHANE NU
CHLOROTHENE .
METHYL CHLOROFORM
METHYLTRICHLOROMETHANE
NCl<04626
I, l,l•TRICHLOORETHAAN
(D<m:H)
TOXICITY DAT A: 2-1
1,1,l·TRICHLORAETHAN (GER•
MAN)
TRJCHLOR0-1,1, I-ETHANE
(FRENCH)
ALPHA•TRICHLOROETHANE
1,1,1-TRICLOROETANO (ITALIAN)
CODEN:
ihl-rat TCL"2100 ppm/24H (14D TOXID9 1,28,80 prc/1-20D preg)
eye-man 450 ppm/SH BJIMAG 28,286,71 slrn-rot 5"gm/l20,I MLD AIHAAP 19.353.58 slcn-rt>t 500 mg/24H MOD 28ZP AK -,28, n
eye-rt>t 100 mg MLD AIHAAP 19,353,58 eye-rt>t 2 mg/24H SEY 28ZPAK -,28,n
ihl-man LCLo:27 gm/mJ/I0M JOCMA7 8,358,66
ihl-man TCLo:350 ppm:pgy WEHSAL 10,82,73
orl-hmn IDLo:670 mg/kg:GIT NTIS" PB257-l85 ihl-hmn TCLo:920 ppm/70M:CNS AIHAAP 19,353,58
orl-rat LOSO: 10300 mg/kg NTIS'' PB257-185
ihl-rat LCLo: 1000 ppm FMCHA2 -,D317,80
ipr-rat LD50'5100 mg/kg NTIS" PB257-185
orl-mus LOSO: 11240 mg/kg NTIS" PB257-l85
ihl-mus LCLo: 11000 ppm/2H HBTXAC 5,72,59
ipr-mus LDso:4700 mg/kg TXAPA9 13,287,68
orl-dog LDSQ:750 mg/kg FMCHA2 ·,D317,80
ipr-dog LDSQ:3100 mg/kg TXAPA9 10,119,67
ivn-dog LDLo:95 mg/kg HBTXAC 5,72,59
orl-rt>t LDS0:5660 mg/kg AIHAAP 19,353,58
scu-rt>t LDLo:500 mg/kg HBTXAC 5,72,59
orl-gpg LDso:9470 mg/kg AIHAAP 19,353,58
Aquatic Toxicity Rating: TLm96: 100-10 ppm WQCHM•
3,-, 74. Carcinogenic Determination: Indefinite !ARC•• 20,515,79.
TL V: Air: 350 ppm DTLVS• 4,269,80. Toxicology Re-view: FAZMAE 18,365,74; EATR•• EB-TR-75047;
AIHAAP 40,A46, 79. OSHA Standard: Air: TWA 350
ppm (SCP-]) FEREAC 39,23540,74. DOT: ORM-A,
Label: None FEREAC 41,57018,76. Occupational Ex-
posure to 1,1,l-Trichloroethane recm std: Air: CL 350 ppm/15M NT!s••. NCI Carcinogenesis Bioassay
Completed; Results Negative (NCITR• NCI-CG-TR-
3, 77). Currently Tested by NTP for Carcinogenesis by
· · Standard Bioassay Protocol as of December 1980.
"NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods" VOL I 127,
VOL 3 S328. NIOSH Current Intelligence Bulletin 27,
1978. Reported in EPA TSCA Inventory, 1980. EPA
TSCA 8(a) Preliminary Assessment Information Pro-
posed Rule FERREAC 45,13646,80.
THR: In hmn it causes PSY, GIT, CNS effects. A MOD
skn irr, a SEY eye irr in rbts. LOW orl, ipr, ihl in
rat, mus. MOD or!, ipr dog; Narcotic in high cone.
Causes a proarrhythmic activity which sensitizes the
heart to epinephrine-induced arrhythmias. This some-
times will cause a cardiac arrest particularly when this
material is massively inhaled as in drug abuse for eu-
phoria. Reacts violently with N2O,, 02, 02 liquid, Na,
NaOH, Na-K alloy.
Disaster Hazard: Dangerous; see chlorides.
For further information see Vol. 2, No. I of DPIM Re-port
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. N. C. DEPARTMENT OF HUMAN R!:SOURCES
DIVISION OF HEALTH SERVICES
SOLID AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMD-'T BRANCH
Chain of Custody Record
Hazardous Waste Materials
location of Sampling: Generator __ Transporter
I __ Storage Facility __ Disposal Facility
I ··-··---. . .. -··---... fain of ,Pos·s·ession: ·-· · _ · ·
1. ¼Yndd?.~ Id signatu~e •. ·
2.-{?a,.,J ;r ·/~-I · v · signature __ _ title
•• ·-·· . signature title
fesults reported
signature_ .. _ title
.
__ Treatment Facility
__ Landfill
·inclusive dates
inclusive dates
date
I Instructions:
I
I
Complete all applicable information including signatures, and
submit lJith·~nalysis request forms.
DIVISION OF HEALTH S_ERVICES
SOLID AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT BRANCH
ReceiDt for Samples
The samples-described below were collected in connection with the administration. · enforc=ent, and documentation of the:
( ) North Carolina Hazardous Waste Management Rules, 10 NCAC lOF
() North Carolina Solid Waste Management Rules, 10 NCAC lOG
( ) Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA)
( ) Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). 15::u .• s .C. §2601, ~ ~., specifically_ Section 11.of TSCA, 15 U.S.C. !l 2610.
Inspector's Address
Na:ne of' Firm c%/&~d,;.//C;
Firm Address . . . . .
•
Title
. -
SAMPLE · COLLECTED SAMPLE TYPE DUPLICATE SAMPLES SAMPLE LOCATION NUMBER DATE TIME WATER SOIL -I
. .
--. --
-·-···· .... -·.
.
~eceipt for the sample(s) described
above is hereby acknowledged:
' -~~/4 ~✓~~/
OTHER
-----
.,
OFFERED ACCEPTED REJECTED ON-SITE OFF-SITE
..
'
.. ..
.
. ...
Receipt/rejection of duplicate or
samples is hereby aclcriowledged:·
X ~c=-/x, ah-~
. ·. ··-
split
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..
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:;Jgnature of Inspector Signature of Fim"Owner, Operator,
,~__.,~_;?,?
or Agenl
1 // Tit e "' Title COMMENTS _____________________ ,__ _________ _.;,_ ____ _
•
' .-N. C. Department of Human Resources lision of Health Services . SAM
l. ~~bu. tj42 ✓2~~7t,'2f ,, , __
e of Site 4,v-1,-e c:r 5-e,y --·
Collected By $« 7 /;;, >" ~ lD/t :i-'f
-1,cofSample:
Environmental I / Groundwater (1)
---Surface Water (2) 1--Soil (3)
__ Other (4)
Concentrate
__ Solid (5)
__ Liquid (6)
__ Sludge (7)
__ Other (8)_ '•· ·
State Laboratory of Public-Health
P. 0. Box 28047
306 N. Wilminaton Street
IWcip; 27611
Add Sample Number _J~t.f'_S-~3-;-,, .. .,.,-.. ,::-,,, .,..._ ----,----
.. .· ·.. ~-.. ,,....,_.,,, ____ /, ·.,,c;,.,,_,;::u ·,,· · •. ,i,: .• ,· .. ,··
-~---Sitc.'toari0n' Vk::Z::):,vd --·;, ~ l-✓ · • ·,.
C ·oateCollcct~/eh, :ZJ.!o/t7 ' Time /S-oo :,
Comments
u/4,{I ~
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY·· _-· · r"'t"· · . -~ ... r.,,~, I Parameter
_P&T:GC/MS
l=Acid:B/N Ext.
TOX
Reaulu mg/1 Parameter
_EDB
, Results mg/ 1 .. .Parameter Results ~gl,J'
_· ___ Methoxychlor
------~·. -·-·xoxaphcnc -. i,4;D.;
__ 2,4,5-TP (silvcx)
__ PCB's
__ Petroleum
__ Endrin
__ Lindane 1=---,-------'-----,-----L-------'---.-:..
MICROBIOLOGY RADIOCHEMISTRY
I Parameter
_ (MF) Coliform Colonics/lOOmls
__ (MPN) Coliform Colonics/lOOmls
I=
_,
Paramete~
-.-Gross Alpha
__ Gross Beta
Results PCi/1
.3_/i,,)i 7 .. tt~ Received _________________ Date Rcporrcd ----;--,-1---""',f---'-'---'----'-'----------
Dat< Extracted Date Analy:cd ---iQ4'Q~j:;-,.__;;-~tt-Qrrft-[tT67'2-,5-t8tt7-----
lportcd By Lib Number -------------~----
DHS 3101 (R,vi0<d 7185)
1:
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.N. C. DEPAR™ENT OF HUMAN RESOURCES
DIVISION OF HEALTH SERVICES
SOLID AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT BRANCH
Chain of Custody Record
Hazardous Waste Materials
I
r "· t=. " l,cation of Sampling: Generator __ Transporter • i~· __ Treatment Facility [
I __ Storage Facility _. _Disposal Facility _Landfill [ ti
:1--· .. -------~---/.
I_,, ,. ___ , -.. _ 3rGo/
.~-... ~.t' ... s;,. ... ...,. ~-~-
I
••in of Possession:
,.,,$2&/A/4~~~ r . signature
".----44 PMV ·· I-·?/ signature·
~--1. . signature title inclusive dates
.~sults
-------------------
reported
signature title date I ..
.1.nstructions:
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Complete all applicable information including signatures, and
submit ~ith·analysis request forms.
t ~
DIVISION OF HE.Al.TB ~ERVICES
SOLID AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT BRANCH
Receipt for Samples
The samples·described below were collected in connection ~"ith the administration. enforcement, and documentation of the:
() North Carolina Hazardous Waste Management Rules, 10 NCAC lOF
() North Carolina Solid Waste Management Rules, 10 NCAC lOG
( ) Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA)
.)
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( ) Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). 15·:u .s .c. §2601, ~ ~-, specifically I Section 11.of TSCA, 15 U.S.C. § 2610.
.. .. ;
,;;?~ /2~ ~/ ~/-IS / £1#£ I
•
Firm Owner, Opte:1·ator, or Agent Title
. -
SAMPLE · COLLECTED SAMPLE TYPE DUPLICATE SAMPLES SAMPLE LOCATION NUMBER DATE TIME WATER SOIL 011l.ER OFFERED ACCEPTED REJECTED ON-SITE OFF-SITE
.. . .. . .. -~------~ ··--..
..
.
. Receipt for the sample(s) described Receipt/rejection of duplicate or split above is hereby acknowledged: samples is hereby acknowledged:
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I , -~ /1.~~,e,-,/ X ¼b,c;c, /K, ah/~ · Signature of Inspector Signature of Fi:rm'Owner, Operator, or Ageni
~-<--V--C,/4--J ;::::&~., 7,5'
1 v Title Tit e
1 COM!1ENIS, ______________________________ ,;.._ ____ JI_
•
\,\ -~ ,.. :' -
,I: ·o.par~:M of Human Ro.,ourccs State Laboratory of Public Health
)ivision of Health Services SAM . . REQUEST P. O. Box 2804 7
I < ct . _ . 306 N. Wilmington Street
~ / Raleigh, 27611
Site Number -"----LJ-'-/'-'2-'-',2_2'--=6'--'?-'f?'-'-2--'~aa.-----Field Sample Number _J'_S'i-:--C~'l,-_________ _
+eofSite I"" kn-rid!-/ ft.::r.s7ev Sitel.oca:ion v'x7';,_,.o/ ,4/, C.1
Collected By & r /ey ID# ~~~0 ___ Date Collected ,P'e i:, -;: J /Cff"7 ' Time / SO c?
t ofSample:
nvironmental
....----~ Groundwater (1)
__ Surface Water (2)
II--Soil (3)
■~-Other ( 4)
Concentrate
__ Solid (5)
__ Liquid (6)
__ Sludge (7)
__ Other (8)
Comment&
We/I
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Extractable•
Parameter
Arsenic
__ Barium
a-eadmium ·
.a-chromium
__ Lead
I=~~;~~:_ -
__ Silver
Result&mg/1
1=---
I ~arameter Resulumg/1
V P&T:GC/MS i= Acid:B/N Ext.
TOX
--
11 MICROBIOLOGY
Parameter I=' (;_ff) Coliform Colonics/lOOmls
__ (MPN) Coliform Colonies/l00mls
Parameter
__ Arsenic
__ Barium
__ Cadmium
__ Chloride
__ Chromium
__ Copper
__ Fluoride
__ Iron
_Lead
__ Manganese
__ Mercury
__ Nitrate.
__ Selenium
Result& mg/1
Total
Parameter
__ Silver
__ Sulfates
__ Zinc
_Ph
__ Conductivity
_ms
_TOC
Results mg/1
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Parameter
_EDB
__ PCB's
__ Petroleum
__ Endrin
__ Lindane
Result& mg/1
Parameter
--Gross Alpha
__ Gross Beta
Parameter Results mg/1
__ Methoxychlor
__ Toxaphene
_2,4-D
__ 2,4,5-TP (silvex)
--
RADIOCHEMISTRY
Results PCi/ 1
Date Reported 7i::::~,..--:-/_? __ ?_.:-7 __________ _
D An l d "',.?.·-07/J,,.._7 '
ate a y:e --"''----'''-''-""-',.ki':1-~C\,t'tH,C~O<r--------
' f •· ,v':tOo.>
Lab Number ---------------,-----
Purpose:
Preparation
Enforcement and compliance with the N. C. Solid
0
and H:wirdous Waste Management Rules. .I
A sample analyses request form (OHS 3191) must be completed for each type of evaluation requested (e.g.,.
inorganic, organic, microbiology, radiochemistry). For sampling conditions which require more than one (1)
container (i.e., ground or surface water from landfills) a sample label must be affixed to one of the containers. The
collector must then write the site and sample number on the duplicate. I Do not submit an analysis request sheet with no parameters indicated.
Equivalent measurements:
ppm= µg/ml = mg/1 = µg/g = mg/kg
ppb = µg/1 = µg/lOOOg = µg/kg
DEFINITIONS/INSTRUCTIONS
Site Number -A twelve-digit site/location identifier, assigned only by the district field representative.
Field Sample Number -A six-digit sample identifier which is pre-printed on the sample label.
Name of Site -Name of landfill, facility, etc.
Site Location -Address, street number, state road, ere.
Collected By -Name and ID of sample collector.
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Date and Time Collected-: Self-explanatory. I
Environmental -A sample of a naturally occurring substance such as groundwater, surface water or soils which
· may be contaminated. · · .
Concentrate -A sample of a waste, including but not limited to, sludges, resins, treatment effluents or drummed.
wastes.
Comments -Lists details regarding sample.or sample point, including but limited to, phase separation, and/orl
odors. · .
Inorganic Chemistry -Check ( ✓ ) the desired parameters to be analyzed. Extractables ·are only performed on a
solid or semi-solid. For routine landfill samples, check all parameters in the second and third columns. I
Organic Chemistry -Checlc: ( ✓ ) the desired parameter to be analyzed. If not listed, enter the name in the space
provided. . · ·
Microbiology and Radiochemistry -The Raleigh office should be consulted prior t; sampling for eithel
of these.
Distribution: 1. Original to State Laboratory of Public Health
Environmental Sciences Branch I
I
Dioposition:
P. 0. Box 28047
Raleigh, NC 27611
2. Lab sends copy to Solid and Hazardous Waste Management Branch.
3. Solid and Hazardous Waste Management Branch sends copy to field person. · I
This form may be destroyed in accordance with the Environmental Health, Solid and Hazardous Waste Section o/a
the Records Disposition Scheau!e as published by the North Carolina Division of Archives and History.
Additional forms may be ordered from: I Solid and Hazardous Waste Management Branch
Division of Health Services
P. 0. Box 2091
Raleigh, NC 27602-2091 I
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N . ._;, Department of Human Resources
Division of Health Services SAMPLE ANALYSES REQUEST
State Laboratory of Public Health
P. 0. Box 28047
306 N. Wilmington Stteet
Raleigh, 27611 I ] o/ .
Site Number ;i2[7bdJ / ;2..Z Ab3 ?ZS" +· of Site C/4nue,/ /'lo< 5' fer
Collected By d] C,/ f /-er lD/1 '1"-~
t ofSample:
nvironmental
~ Groundwater ( 1 ).
__ Surface Water (2)
It--Soil (3)
I.___ Other (4)
Concentrate
__ Solid (5)
__ Liquid (6)
__ Sludge (7)
__ Other (8)
. 3 -7,
Field Sample Number __ )-'---cOt-·------------
Site Loca:ion OX -r'J,,,.c,/, ,41, C .1
Date Collected /4,), 2 Z 19' ~7 ;
' Time/ ,500
Comments
W?I I
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Extractables
Parameter
Arsenic
__ Barium
I=. Cadmium · ·
Chromium
_Lead
[• -~~;~:, _ -
_._S,lver
Resultsmg/1
F ------------
I I Parameter Results mg/1
_P&T:GC/MS
FAcid:B/N Ext.
TOX
I MICROBIOLOGY
Parameter J=" (;_ff) Coliform Colonies/l00mls
~ (MPN) Coliform Colonies/l00mls
Parameter
__ Arsenic
__ Barium
__ Cadmium
__ Chloride
__ Chromium
__ Copper
__ fluoride
__ Iron
_Lead
__ Manganese
__ Mercury
__ Nitrate.
__ Selenium
Results mg/1
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Parameter Results mg/1
_EDB
_PCB's
__ Petroleum
__ Endrin
__ Lindane
Parameter
__ Gross Alpha
__ Gross Beta
--
--
Total
Parameter
__ Silver
__ Sulfares
__ Zinc
_Ph
__ Conductivity
_ms
_TOC
Parameter
__ Methoxychlor
__ Toxaphene
_2,4-D
__ · 2,4,5-TP (silvex)
--
RADIOCHEMISTRY
Resultsmg/1
Resultsmg/1
Results PCi/1
late Received ,Q-J 4-<g '1 j)l6 Date Reported
"•te Extracted _2~· 2.~5~-~3~-,~..,"e--0-------~---Date Analy:ed __ J_~_ij.~· _·_f~7'-;:::;:;-',&Q":"'';,~;:'· =:..,---------
7 ~ }0464
.sported By __________________ Lab Number ----------,-------:-----
DHS 3191 (Rev<.,d 7185)
;..,1,.1 2nd Ha:ardous Waste (Review 7 /87)
Purpose:
Preparation
Enforcement and compliance with the N. C. Solid and Hazardous Waste Management Rules. .. I
A sample analyses request form (DHS 3191) must be completed .for each type of evaluation requested (e.g .•
inorganic, organic, microbiology, radiochemistry). For sampling conditions which require more than one (1)
container (i.e., ground or surface water from landfills) a sample label must be affixed to one of the containers. The
collector must then write the 1ite and sample number on the duplicate. · ·
Do not submit an analysis request sheet with no parameters indicated. I
Equivalent measurements:
ppm= µg/ml = mg/1 = µg/g = mg/kg
ppb = µg/1 = µg/lOOOg = µg/kg
DEFINITIONS/INSTRUCTIONS
Site Number -A twelve-digit site/location identifier, assigned only by the district field representative.
Field Sample Number -A six-digit sample identifier which is pre-printed on the sample label.
Name of Site -Name of landfill, facility, etc.
Site Location -Address, street number, state road, etc.
Collected By -Name and ID of sample collector.
1.
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Date and Time Collected-: Self.:Cxplanatory. . I
Environmental - A sample of a naturally occurring substance such as groundwater, surface water or soils which
may be contaminated. · · · · .
Conc~ntrate -A sample of a waste, including but not limited to, sludges, resins, trcatmenteffluents or drummel
wastes.
Comments -Lists details regarding sample or sample point, including but limited to, phase separation; and/ 0 ,1
odors. .. . .
Inorganic Chemistry -Check ( ✓ ) the desired parameters to be analy,cd. Extractables are only performed on a
solid or semi-solid. For routine landfill samples, check all parameters in the second and third columns. I
Organic Chemistry -Check ( .,. ) the desired parameter to be analyzed. If not listed, enter the name in the space
. provided. . · .
Microbiology and Radiochemistry -The Raleigh office should be consulted prior to sampling for eithel
of these.
Distribution: I. Original to State Laboratory of Public Health
Environmental Sciences Branch I
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·· · Disposition:
P. 0. Box 28047
Raleigh, NC 27611
2. Lab sends copy to Solid and Hazardous Waste Management Branch.
3. Solid and Hazardous Waste Management Branch sends copy to field person. · · I
This form may be destroyed in accordance with the Environmental Health, Solid and Hazardous Waste Section o,
the Record., Disposition Schedule as published by the North Carolina Division of Ar~hives and History.
Additional forms may be ordered from: I
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Solid and Hazardous Waste Management Branch
Division of Health Services ·
P. 0. Box 2091
Raleigh, NC 27602-2091
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REFERENCES
1. Site visit report from Jack Butler, NC Solid and Hazardous Waste
Management Branch, to Denise Smith, US EPA, 24 February 1987.
2. Draft Cleanup Plan for Channel Master, Division of Avnet, Inc.,
January 1987.
3. Letter and enclosures from Joseph B. Adamovic, Industrial and
Environmental Analysts, Inc., 22 January 1986.
4. Letter and enclosures from Joseph B. Adamovic, Industrial and
Environmental Analysts, Inc., 20 March 1986.
5. Phase I Ground Water Quality Evaluation, Channel Master, Division of
Avnet, Inc., prepared by Soil and Material Engineers, Inc., November 1986.
6. Report on Soil Quality, Channel Master, Division of Avnet, Inc., prepared
by Soil and Material Engineers, Inc., 16 September 1986.
7. Letter and enclosure from Harold E. "Buddy" Mills, Channel Master, to
H.T. Ragland, City of Oxford, 10 June 1983.
8. Telephone conversation between Jack Butler, NC Solid and Hazardous Waste
Management Branch, and Roger Coats, Channel Master, 3 February 1987.
9. Geology and Ground-Water Resources in the Raleigh Area, NC, Ground Water
Bulletin No. 15, November 1968.
10. State of North Carolina, Administrative Code, Section 15 NCAC 2B .0316,
Classifications and Water Quality Standards Assigned to the Waters of the
Tar-Pamilico River Basin.
11. Basic Elements of Ground Water Hydrology with Reference to Conditions in
North Carolina, U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources Investigations
Open-File Report 80-44.
12. Geological Map of North Carolina, 1985.
13. North Carolina Atlas, Edited by James W. Clay, Douglas M. Orr, Jr., and
Alfred W. Stuart. University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, NC,
1975. Pgs. 94, 97, 99, 101, 103, and 104.
14. Uncontrolled Hazardous Waste Site Ranking System, A User's Manual,
(HW-10). U.S. EPA, 1984. Pg. 33. Federal Register, Volume 47, No. 137,
July 16, 1982, Pg. 31180.
15. North Carolina State Government Statistical Abstract. North Carolina
State Data Center. Research and Planning Services, Office of State
Budget and Management. Fifth Edition, 1984. Pgs. 260-261, 28-33.
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16. Water Distribution System Map for Oxford, NC, revised September 1985.
17. Telephone conversation between Jack Butler, NC Solid and Hazardous
Waste Management Branch, and Lucil Fraser, Oxford Water Department,
7 January 1987.
18. Permanent files, Water Supply Branch, NC DHR/DHS, 10 April 1987.
19. Letter and enclosures from Warren T. Parker, United States Department of
the Interior, to Pat DeRosa, NC Solid and Hazardous Waste Management
Branch, 21 June 1986.
20. Memo and attachments from Pat DeRosa, NC CERCLA Unit, to CERCLA Unit
staff, 12 August 1986.
21. Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials, Sixth Edition, N. Irving
Sax. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company. 1984.
22. Letter from Russell L. Wright, US EPA, to Harold E. Mills, Channel
Master, 5 May 1987.
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i~ ~\ii~" \~~•~J).~{f./ Ref. 1 '
<,.~ .. -
North Carolina Department of Human Resources
Division of Health Services
P.O. Box 2091 • Raleigh, North Carolina 27602-2091
James G. Martin, Governor
Phillip ,l. Kirk, Jr., Secretary Ronald H. Levine, M.D., M.P.H.
Ms. Denise Smith
EPA NC CERCLA Project Officer
EPA Region IV Waste Division
345 Courtland Street, N.E.
Atlanta, GA 30365
Dear Ms, Smith:
SUBJECT: Summary Trip Report
24 February 1987
Channel ~laster NC D122263825
Industrial Drive
Oxford, NC 27565
Site Investigation, 23 February 1987
State Health D:rector
On 23 February 1987 a site investigation was performed at the Channel
~laster site by Lee Crosby, Stan Atwood, and Jack Butler, NC CERCLA Unit.
. Roger Coats and Charles Hansen, Channel Master, were also.present.
The Channel ~laster site is located on Industrial Drive, Oxford,
Granville County, NC. This facility was constructed in 1962 and used by
JFD Electronics until 1979. JFD was a manufacturer of television reception
antennas. A lagoon was built on the site in about 1964 or 1965 and used to
dispose of sludge generated by treating wastewater. The wastewater was
primarily rinse water from a chromate conversion process and copper/nickel
electroplating. The lagoon reportedly holds 800,000 to 1,000,000 gallons of
sludge. During the past year Channel Master has installed 5 permanent ground
water monitoring wells and performed chemical analysis on the sludge in the
1agoon and soil on the site. Analysis of a composite of the sludge showed
99,000 ppm chromium, 320 ppm Lead and other heavy metals. Analysis of water
samples collected from the on-site monitoring wells indicated halogenated
hydrocarbon contamination in the ground water.
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Ms • Denise Smith
24 February 1987
Page 2
During the site visit by the NC CffiCLA Unit a walking tour of the property was made, and monitoring wells and sampling points were located. Several environmental reports have been prepared by Channel Master and Law Engineering, Inc. These were also discussed with the representatives of Channel Master. An in-ground concrete waste oil tank was observed adjacent to the area of highest chlorinated hydrocarbon soil contamination. This tank appeared to be full of water with globules of oil on the surface and appeared to be leaking around the lid seal. The Channel Master representatives reported that this was also the area where they thought trucks had been cleaned by JFD Manufacturing.
The Channel Master facility is served by water from the City of Oxford. A water distribution map 1,as obtained from the Oxford water department and an off-site well was located approximately 2,000 ft. southeast of the Channel Master site. This well is 39 ft. deep and is owned and used by James Brooks, Route 2, Box 441, Oxford, NC 27565. Water samples were collected from this well for organic and inorganic analysis.
If you have any questions, please contact me at [phone].
Sincerely,
Jack Butler, Environmental Engineer CffiCLA Unit
Solid and Hazardous Waste ~Bnagement Branch Environmental Health Section
I JB/tb/0184b
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Ref.2 I
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I DRAFT CLEANUP PLAN
I FOR
I CHANNEL MASTER, DIVISION OF AVNET, INC.
I OXFORD, NORTH CAROLINA FACILITY
I . )
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I. GENERAL
II. LAGOON
III. LAGOON CLEANUP PROCEDURE
A. Existing Lagoon Area
B. Filled Lagoon Area
C. Soil Under the Sludge
IV. CLEANUP ADJACENT TO MAIN PLANT BUILDING
A. Soi 1 s
Attachment
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
L.IST __ OF _ATTACHMENTS
Description
Cleanup Schedule
Sludge Drying Test
Probing of Sludge Depths and Test Diggings
Lagoon Sludge Sample Analysis Results
Lagoori System Layout Drawings
Temporary Sewer Discharge Permit
Pilot Test Filtrate Analysis Results
Lagoon Soil Sample Location Drawing
1
1
2
5
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)
I . GENERAL
The following cleanup plan has been prepared by Channel
Master for the removal of a chrome sludge disposal lagoon
located on our property at Industiy Drive, City of Oxford,
Granville County,
cleanup schedule.)
JFD Electronics.
reception antennas.
and the lagoon was
North Carolina. (See Attachment A for
This property was acquired in 1980 from
JFD was a manufacturer of television
The facility was constructed in 1962
built sometime during 1964 to 1965.
Based upon research into JFD's operating practices the
purpose of the lagoon was to dispose of the sludge generated
from the treatment of the rinse water produced by the
chromate conversion process and copper/nickel electroplating
line. The sludge presently in the lagoon was generated from
1965-1979 solely by JFD.
The purpose of this cleanup is two fold: l . To reduce
the adverse impact on our environment, and, 2. To increase
the likelyhood of a sale for this now vacant facility.
I I. LAGOON
The lagoon is approximately 240 f~et long (east to
west), 75 feet wide on the west end and 120 feet wide on the
east end. -The sides slope to a depth of 18 feet in the
center. In 1983, 50 percent of the lagoon was backfilled
and used for a
lagoon contains
truck parking area. The remainder of the
a sludge which is 18 percent solids.
is based on drying tests that were conducted July
This
1986
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(Attachment 8). Probing of sludge depths and test diggings
C) indicate there lS 800,000 to 1,000,000 <Attachment
gallons of
sludge were
F019 sludge at this site. Samples of the lagoon
analyzed and their results are presented
Attachment D. Layout drawings of the lagoon system area
presented in Attachment E.
Chromate conversion
gravity fed through two
and plating
lines (one 4
rinse waters were
inches and one 6
inches> from the building to a series of concrete treatment
tanks located below the lagoon. Batch hexavalent
trivalent chrome reduction took place in these tanks.
to
The
treated water was then pumped to the lagoon for settlement.
Excessive water was decanted to the city sewer system by a
pipe located on the east end of the lagoon.
III. CLEANUP PROCEDURE
A. Existing Lagoon Area
The sl~dge in the unfilled area of the lagoon will
be ~ixed with the water which is now present in the old
concrete treatment -tanks. This slurry will
through a recessed plate and frame filter press.
be pumped
This will
result in a 2 to I reduction. The filtrate from the filter
press will be collected in the concrete tanks, analyzed, and
then batch discharged to the city sewer system under a
temporary sewer discharge permit (Attachment F>. A pilot
test was conducted with a filter press and the filtrate was
analyzed (Attachment G > • During the dewatering operation
-- - - --- --- - -
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Industrial & Environmental Analysts, Inc.
P.O. 0ox 12542 • Reseorch Triongle Pork. NC 27709 • 919-467-9919
January 22, 198b
Buddy Mills
Channel Master
P.O. Box 1416
Smithfield, NC 27577
RP.ference: I£A Report Nn. 350-R
Dear Mr. Mills:
Ref. 3
•
Transmitted herewith are the results of analyses on. a single sample submitted · to our laboratory on January 13, 1986. The sludge sample was a composite of the pit from top to bottom. The extraction procedure toxicity was performed on the sludge "as is" (wet weight basis) according to SW846 Method 1310.
Please see the attached sheet for your results.
I Very truly yours,
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INDUSTRIAL & ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSTS, INC.
~. A. ~~-o ... t._.
/;os;ph B. Adamovic
Senior Chemist
JBA/s"tmi
I Enc Io·sure
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I . Offices and laboratories located in: Essex Junction. Vermont
Research Triangle Pork. North Coraline
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January 22, 1986
IEA REPORT NO. 350-8
Page 2
Total Arsenic
Total Barium
Total Cadmium
Total Chromium
Total Lead
Total Mercury
Total Selenium
Total Silver
EP-TOX Arsenic
EP-TOX Barium
EP-TOX Cadmium
EP-TOX Chromium
EP-TOX Lead
EP-TOX Mercury
EP-TOX Selenium
EP-TOX Silver
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
Results for total metals are reported on a dry weight basis.
Sludge Pit
Composite
52.
800
20 •
99,000
320
< 0.02
13
< 2. 5
< 0,005
< 0.2
< 0.01
0.05
< 0.005
< 0.002
0.012
< 0.05
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Industrial & Environmei-itol Analysts, Inc. 1~:r-·1 P.O. Clox 12542 • fl.eseorch Triangle Pork. NC 27709 • 919-467-9919
March 20, 1986
Felix Killette
Channel Master Co.
P.O. Box 1416
Smithfield, NC 23994
Reference: IEA Report No. 115-46
Dear Mr. Killette:
Ref, 4
Transmitted herewith are the results of analyses on eight samples submitted
to our laboratory on March 6, 1986.
The extraction procedure toxicity was performed according to SW846 Method 1310.
Please see the attached reports for your results.
Very truly yours,
INDUSTRIAL & ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSTS, INC.
fe;,;JAj_~
/ Joseph B. Adamovic
Senior Chemist · ·•,
JBA/sbm
Enclosures
::1/(t,u j ~~
1~ Cote. ~11~
Otfices ,ond loborotones locoted in: Essex Junction. Vermont
Reseorch T riongle Pork. North Carolina
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VOLATILE FRACTION
CLIENT SAMPLE NO.
IE.A SAMPLE NO.
MW-5
115-46-9 ----=~-'-''-"------
NUMBER
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
.25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
· 33
COMPOUND
ACROLEIN
ACRYLONITRILE
BENZENE
BROMODICHLOROMETHANE
BROMOFORM
BROMOMETHANE
CARBON TETRACHLORIDE
CHLOROBENZENE
CHLOROETHANE
2-CHLOROETHYVINYL ETHER
CHLOROFORM
CHLOROMETHANE
DIBROMOCHLOROMETHANE
1,2-DICHLOROEENZENE
1,3-DICHLOROBENZENE
1,4-DICHLOROBENZENE
1,1-DICHLOROETHANE
1,2-DICHLOROETHANE
1,1-DICHLOROETHENE
trans-1,2-DICHLOROETHENE
1,2-DICHLOROPROPANE
cis-1,3-DICHLOROPROPENE
trans-1,3-DICHLOROPROPENE
ETHYL BENZENE
METHYLENE CHLORIDE
1, 1, 2, 2-TETRACHLOROETHANE .
TETRACHLOB OEIHENE
TOLUENE
1,1,1-TRICHLOROETHANE
1,1,2-TRICHLOROETHANE
IBICHI OROED!E!li
TRICHLOROFLUOROMETHA~
VINYL CHLORIDE
*BDL -Below Detection Limit
.,
DETECTION
LIMIT (µg/L)
300
300
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30 ,,,
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30,
30
30
30
30
30
Sample diluted by 5 due to a high concentration of trichloroethane.
,.
CONCENTRATION
(µg/L)
BDL*
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
nM ---BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
950.
30.
BDL
BDL
7000.
BDL
BDL
,,
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MONITOIUNGWELL INSTALLATION OAT/\
Ground Elevation: ~H/c.:A~----------Well Numb,_,. _'.1·.!.'.il:_1-..::4~--
Date Started: __:9:...·--=2c::.6_-8=-5=-----
Geologists: Rick Murra
Drillers: Mike Droke
Oate Completed: ~9_-_2_6-_8_5 ______ _
Observed By: __________________________ _
Weather Condi tions:,_C:_l:_:o:..:u:..:d:::.Y ____________________ _
CASING
GROUT
SCREEN
Depth Fram: 1. 5'
1.0.: 1.913
to 3.5'
0.0.: 2.373
Length Above Ground Surface: 1. 5'
·oepth From::...0"-'-'.0'-----to 1 ,5
Material: Portland
Depth From:_~.,,__ ___ to 13.5
Type: PVC Sch 80
Type of Opening: _-"O-'-."'-O~l:J"--...,S,..,lcso,_,t'2!.w.l.j .JJtbLLJf:..JJLL_iitssnh__[JTl':!JJ rae=.caudiE·ecddLE.D.j_1 '61'~5;;.,.._ __ _
(Describe End of Screen)
BENTONlTE Depth F rom:_..clcc•.,;;5 ____ to _ __:::3..:.. ::,_D __ _
Type of Bentonite: Pe 11 ets · __;;.c..c...::-=.::....__,,. ___ _
GRAVEL Depth From:_3::..:..:.0:_ ___ to · 15·.0
Depth Water Encountered: --'l,..0.,..-"--'·---------
Static Water Level: 7 .35' Date: 10-2-85
Drilling Mud Type/Brand: --"N"--'-'A _________ _
Remarks: -------------------------
11
' SOIL & MATERIAL ENGINEERS INC. ENGINEERING-TESTING-INSPECTION ----
' '
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Ill
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1903 Harrison Avenue, Box 609, Cary, NC 27511, Phone [phone]
Channel Master Satellite Systems, Inc.
P.O. Box 1416
Smithfield, North Carolina 27577
Attention: Felix Killette
May 9, 1986
Reference: Well Elevation Survey and Water Table Elevation Maps
Channel Master Satellite Systems Facility
Industry Drive, Oxford, North Carolina
S&:ME Job No. 055-85-139-A
Dear Mr. Killette:
Soil &: Material Engineers, Inc. has completed the elevation survey for the five
monitor wells installed at the Oxford facility. We have utilized the elevations determined
to calculate ground water table elevations for three sets of water level measurements
made on different dates and then constructed water table elevation maps for the three
dates. The elevation data is contained in the attached Table !. The water table elevation
maps for the dates, October 2, 1985; April 22, 1986 and May 8, 1986 are shown on the
three attached figures.
The elevation data for October 2, 1985 indicates the direction of ground water
movement in the lagoon area is to the southeast. The water level data for the April 22,
and May 8, 1986 dates includes well MW-5 which was installed on March 4, 1986. The
ground water flow direction is estimated to be to the south using the April 22, 1986 data,
however, water levels were not measured in wells CM-3 and CM-4. As you know, there
were several different locks on the wells at that ti.me and we were unable to gain access
to the above two wells.
The water level elevation map for May 8, 1986 indicates the flow direction is also
generally to the south. However, the shape of the elevation contours and the similarities
in the measured water table elevations in the wells adjacent to the lagoon indicates there
may be a ground water mound formed under the lagoon. The mound would have been
created by recharge to the ground water from the lagoon.
RALEIGH. GREENSBORO, ASHEVILLE. WILMINGTON, FAYETTEVILLE: CHARLOTT_E. NC
SfARTANBURG, COLUMBIA. CHARLESTON. MYRTLE BEACH, .GREENVILLE. SC
ATLANTA, ALBANY, ST. MARYS. GA-TRI-CITIES. TN-CINCINNATI, OH-DEERFIELD BEACH, ORLANDO. TAMPA. FL
6Rll03 .1
Phase I Ground Water Quality Evaluation
Channel Master, Division of Avnet, Inc.
Oxford, North Carolina
Prepared for
Channel Master, Division of Avnet, Inc.
Industrial Park Drive
Smithfield, North Carolina
Prepared by
Soil & Material Engineers, Inc.
Environmental Services Department
Cary, North Carolina
November, 1986
Ref. 5:
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On June 17, 1986 temporary wells E, G and H were installed and
sampled. On June 18, 1986 temporary well I was installed and sampled. On
August 21, 1986, six temporary wells, A, B, C, D, E and J, were installed and
sampled. On October 14, 1986 well K was installed for the purpose of water
level measurement only.
Ground Water Elevation Map
A ground water elevation map (Plate 1) was drawn for the site using
October 15, 1986 water levels measured in the 11 temporary wens· and five
permanent wells. In general the ground water flow direction is to the
southeast. The gradient is approximately O. 017 feet per foot.
Based on the 16 water level measurements, it appears that the
drainage south of the Channel
recharging the ground water.
Master site into the property boundary ditch is
From about well G location to well I, the ditch
appears to receive discharge from the ground water.
Ground Water Quality
Based on the findings from the initial work, volatile organics should be
the primary contaminants and therefore, were selected as the indicator of
ground water contamination. The detected constituents and concentrations
are shown in Table 1 for the new temporary wells and the five permanent
wells.
An isoconcentration map was prepared using the total volatile organics
detected for each well (Plate 2). The highest concentration was found in T-2
which was located at the discharge of the eight-inch culvert. A small high is
located at well E where a small surface drainage discharges water from the
scrap metal trailer area.
The major plume appears to be following the drainage ditch along the
southern boundary of the Channel Master site. The plume width may be even
6Rl103. l
SOIL & MATERIAL ENGINEERS, INC.
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The ground water sample was taken from the interval of 54 to 42. 8
feet below ground surface. The sample was analyzed for volatile organics.
The sample contained tetrachloroethene at 950 ug/L, toluene at 30 ug/L and
trichloroethene at 7000 ug/L.
Sludge Sample Chemical Analysis
A sludge sample was collected on April 22, 1986 from the lagoon at a
depth of about four feet. The sample was taken to submitted to Chemical &
Environmental Technology, Inc. on April 22, 1986 for volatile organic analysis
using EPA Method 601 and 602. Tetrachloroethene was the only constituent
detected at 13.4 ug/Kg. The results of the analysis are included in the June
4, 1986 report contained in Appendix D.
Water Table Elevation Map
Three water table maps were prepared for the site and reported in a
May 9, 1986 report (see Appendix E). In general, the flow direction based
on the ground water elevation maps is toward the south to southeast.
Based on the measurements from the five· initial monitoring wells and
the plotted water elevation map, the upgradient direction was determined to
be back toward the main Channel Master building from the lagoon area.
Conclusions of the Initial Work
Evaluating the ground water data from the four monitoring wells
associated with the sludge lagoon, MW-2, 3, 4 and 5, it can be seen that metals
are not a problem with the ground water. In addition, the EP toxicity values
for metals were all below detection limit for the seven soil samples thereby
verifying that metals contamination was not significant.
Monitoring wells MW-2, 3 and 4 did show significant values of TOX and
TOC compared to the background well MW-1. MW-5 also detected volatile
6Rl103. l
SOIL & MATERIAL ENGINEERS, INC.
.... 1 ,01 •.• .... ,.,
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MON!TOIUNCWf:LL INSTALLATION DATA
Well Numb,-• M!,-1 ---'----Ground Elev at ion: _'_'_ii/c._1-1'.::.· ___________ _
0 ate Started: 9-26-85 9-26-35 Date Completed: ___________ _
Geologists: Rick Murra"
Drillers: i·iike Dro%e
Observed By:: ___________________________ _
Weather Condi tions::__:::C.:_l:.::_ ou::dY:.....__ _____________________ _
CASING
GROITT
SCREEN
Depth From:
l.D..: l.9i3
1 r.' • J to 3 • 5 I
0.0..: 2. 373
Length Above Ground Surface: l. 5'
Depth From:~0~.0'-----to i.5
Material: Portland
Depth Fram: 3.:; to __ l3_. 5 __ _
Type: PVC Sch ii □
Type of Opening: 0.0lG Slot ,lith Flush Threaded DJt
(Describe End of Screen)
BENTONlTE Depth From: 1.5 to __ 3~·~0 __ _
Type of Bentonite: Pellets --------
GRAVEL Depth From: 3.0 to 15.0 -------~~~--
Depth Water Encountered: -~l~O~-~•-----~---
Static Water Level: 7.35' Date: 10-2-85
Drilling Mud Type/Brand: fl A -~"'----------
1, cm arks: -----,------------
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MONITOlUNG WELL lNSTI\LLI\TION 01\TI\
Well Numbrr· _M_W_-_2 __ _ Ground Elevation: _1~·,;'...'.A~-----------
D ate S ta rte d: ___:9:...-.::2c:.6_-8::::5,:___ __ _ 0 ate Completed: _9_-_2_6-_8_5 _______ _
Geologists: Rick Murra
Ori! lers: Hike Droke
Observed By: __________________________ _
W e:a ther Condi tions::_C:::_l:.:o::.:u::d:::.Y ____________________ _
CASING
GROlJf
SCREEN
Depth From:
1.0.: 1.913
1 r.' . :, to 3. 5'
0.0.: 2.375
Length Above Ground Surface: 1. 5'
Depth From:_O::..·:.oO:..._ ___ to 1.5
Material: Portland
Depth From=-~~---to 13.5
Type: pyc Sch SD
Type of Opening: 0.015 Slot with Flush Thr"aded i,'lug
(Describe End of Screen)
BENTONlTE Depth From: __ l_. 5 ____ to __ 3_._0 __ _
Type of Bent6nite: Pellets ...c....::.:....:..=-=-~----
GRAVEL Depth From:_3_._0 ____ to 15·.0
Depth Water Encountered: _ .... l,,_._,.,_ _______ _
Static Water Level: 7 .85' Date: 10-2-35
Drilling Mud Type/Brand: N A -'-"-'-'-----------
ll. ernarks: ----
-----------·--· ·---------------···-·----
-
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BASE/NEUTRAL AND ACID
EXTRACTABLE$
COl1POUND
I 1-ni trosodimethvlami ne
is(2-chloroethvllether
-ch l or=heno I
ohenol
, .• 3-dichlorobenzene
, .4-dich lorobenzene
I 2-dichlorobenzene
is(2-chlorois llether
exachloroethane
N-ni troso-di -n ---"r....-.vlamine
itrobenzene
snnhorone
-nitr=henol
2 4-dimethvlohenol
isl2-chloroethoxvlmethane
.. 4-d i ch l orooheno l
l 2 4-trichlorobenzene
1anhtha l ene
exachlorobutadiene
4-chloro-m-cresol
'-xachlorocvcl,,.,..ntadiene
4.6-trichlo~henol
-chloronanhthalene
acenaohthvlene
imethvl ohthalate
6-dinitrotoluene
acenanhthene
4-dinit~henol
4-dinitrotoluene
4-n i t r=heno 1
fluorene
-chlor=henvlohenvlether
iethvl ohthalate
4.6-dinitro-o-cresol
iohenvlamine
zobenzene
4..J:>rnmnhenvlohenvlether
exachlorobenzene
ntachlornnhenol
henanthrene
anthracene
ibutvl ohthalate
fluoranthene
STATE LABORATORY OF PUBLIC HEALTH
DIVISION OF HEALTH SERVICES, N.C. DEPARTMENT OF HUMAN RESOURCES
P.O. BOX 28047 -306 N. WILMINGTON, ST., RALEIGH, N.C. 21611
ORGANIC CHEMICAL ANALYSIS
LAB NO /,:)1)/_LL {f
FIELD# ,?7 70
TYPE ( I l ( ) ( l ( )
UNITS luo/1\uo/ko un/l ••"/kn ""/l ""/ko un/ I un/ko
, ') IA
1'
>o
Jo
,; c!
/J
Jo
/,1
.) cl
-5o
J7
/tJ
lo
~7;
I"
/J
" le! \ /
,<-1/JL.
IJ -Estimated value. J,<.j/.(_
K -Actual value ls known to be less than value given.
( )
un/1 un/kn
L -Actual value is known to be greater than value given. U -Material was analyzed for but not detected. The nuroer is the Minil!Ull_Qetection _ _!:imit.=/1'1,!Ji-
lNA -Not analyzed.
I/ -Tentative identification.
~/ -On NRDC List of Priority Pollutants.
ai.c. D-i.v,u.,.i.on 06 Heal.:th Svw.i.c.v..
■JHS 3068-0 (4/86 Labo~a..to~y)
( l
un/ l ,on/ka
I
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BASE/NEUTRAL AND ACID
EXTRACTABLES
COl1POUND
rene
nzidine
butvl benzvl ohthalate
t:nz(a)anthracene
rvsene
3.3-<lichlorobenzidine
is(2-ethvlhexvllnhthalate
i-n-octyl ohthalate
benzo(blfluoranthene
benzo(k)fluoranthene
f,zo(alnvrene
rndeno(l .2.3-cdlovrene
dibenzo(a.hlanthracene
t:nzo(a h, iloervlene
~iline nzoic acid
nzvl alcohol
4-chloroaniline
dibenzofuran
2-methvln•nhthalene
2-methvlohenol
4-methvlohenol
-n i troan i 1i ne
3-nitroaniline
4-nitroaniline
2 4.5-trichloroohenol
STATE LABORATORY OF PUBLIC HEALTH
DIVISION OF HEALTH SERVICES, N.C. DEPARTHENT Of HUMAN RESOURCES P.O. BOX 28047 -306 N. WILHINGTON, ST., RALEIGH, N.C. 27611
ORGANIC CHEHICAL ANALYSIS
LAB NO /OtJ.1//.V -. ,· c 1/ ,· .--. .
FIELD# -1;,$'7<1 1 }-:.--;~
TYPE I I l ( I ) ( ) ( )
UNITS ,<a/ l J,a/kQ uo/1 ua/kQ ua/1 ua/ko ,,n/] .. n/ka
/ ,o IA
c,
/{/
J,,
//)
q
in
IA
/ti
/t)
.l--zi
~ -
(,I I
!:,7
= ' .50 -
/o
//1
lcJ
lo
Id
/I
'io
~p
Jo
a I
/11 ()l
PA I rJ ,
IJ -Estimated value.
K -Actual value is known to be less than value given.
( l
.. n/1 .. n/ka
L -Actual value is known to be greater than value given.
lu -Haterial was analyzed for but not detected. The nurroer
NA -Not analyzed.
is the llininun Detection Limit.= 1'1?01.-
1/ -Tentative ldentiflcation.
~I -On NRDC List of Priority Pollutants.
It.. C. V-i.v.w-i.on 06 He.a.Uh SVtv-i.ee/2
HS 3068-0 (4/86 LaboJta,to~y)
--·
( )
.. n/] .. n/kn
STATE U\80RAIORV Of PUBLIC HEALIH
I
I DIVISION Of HEALTH SERVICl:S, N.C. DEPARTMENT Of lfJIIAN RESWRCES
P.O. BOX 28041 -306 N. WILHINGTOH, ST., RALEIGH, N.C. 21611
ORGANIC QjfHICAL ANALYSIS
PUIGEABLE IX»ll'OlMDS LAB HO ?t'Jf1l1J , __
FIELD I ·Hr;ti
TYPE I I l I ) I l I \ COtl'W«)
fun/ li un/ko un/l ua/ko ua/l ua/ka ··"/l "'"/ka UNITS
ch loranethane f/) , .
-thane t)
chlorodifluoranethane :Z.{I
nvl chloride /() •
ch l oroethane /0 lthvlene chloride ,,
i ch 1 orofl uoranethane ;Lo
ethene 1-1-dichloro 5·
~ne l 1-dichloro-
-trans-<lichloroethene
.
chlorofona
hane. 1.2-dichloro-
hane-1-1 1-trichloro-
rbontetrach lori de
brmodi ch loraoethane Ene I 2-dichloro-
trans-dichl
trichl lene
lorodibn:m:,nethane
zene
e hane. 1. 1.2 trichloro-
~is-<licbl oroe ..... , vi~l ether JO
fona (
ethane 1.1.2.2 tetrachloro-lhene. tetrach loro-
luene
ch 1 orobenzene
rvlbenzene r
• tone 1~ '--
2-butanone /0
lrbondisulfide <
-hexanone I"
4--<ret ""l-2 -tanone JJ
I
~acetate /J
f' ; " J /_ > -xvlenes _ 11
I
-llA 1l1
1-Est;mated value.
,,, I I
'' " .. • 1 V Actual alue is koown to be less than va ue g1 en .
l -Actual value· is koown to be greater than value given.
( \
uni) un/1,n
I.. Material was analyzed for but not detecte<l. The nuroer
-Not analyzed. is the Hinil!Ull Detection Limlt.-=c P'-?/)t-.. --
-Tentative identification. Y -On lflOC List of Priority Pollutants.
I.e. Division of Health Services
'HS "3068--0 (4/86 Laboratory)
I I
""/l ··"/kn
Ill
qi:
11 ,:
QI!
" • • •• •
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MONITOIUNG WELL INST/\LL/\TION O1\T/\
Well Numb.-,· _t1"_,v-_3 ___ _ Ground Elevation: ~iV'...'.A.:._ _________ _
Date Started: 9-26-85 ----'-~----0 ate Completed: _9_-_2_6-_8_5 _______ _
Geologists: Rick Murra
Drillers: I-ii ke Droke
Observed By: __________________________ _
Weather Condi tions::_C:_l:_:o:::u:::d'.:'..y ____________________ _
CASING
GROUT
SCREEN
Depth From:
LO.: 1.913
tO 3. 5 I
0.0.: 2. 375
Length Above Ground Surface: l. 5'
Depth From:_0~.0 ____ to 1. 5
Material: Portland
Dep.th From:_~.,,_ ___ to 13.5
Type: PVC 5cb SQ
Type of Opening: 0.015 Slot with Fl_11sh Threaded Plyg
_ (Describe End of Screen) .
BENTONITE Depthfrom: 1.5 to 3.0 -~---'---
Type of Bentonite: Pel lets -------,------
GRAVEL Depth From:_3_._0 ____ to 15.0
Depth Water Encountered: -=l=0~. ~•-· _______ _
Static Water Level: 7 .85' Date: 10-2-85
Drilling Mud Type/Brand: N A -=--'--'------------
llc.,marks: --------------------
Channel Master Satellite System, Inc.
May 9, 1986
Page 2
We hope this information is satisfactory. We do recommend several more rounds oi
wat.er level measurements be made to verify the water table elevations reflected in the
five wells. If you have any questions, please do not hesitate to call us.
MRG/EFP/sws
Sincerely,
SOIL & MATERIAL ENGINEERS, INC.
Michael R. Groves
Senior H ydrogeologist
Ernest F. Parker, Jr., P.E.
Department Manager
SOIL & MATERIAL ENGINEERS, INC. .. v
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.Well No.
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3
4
5
TABLE 1
Well Elevations and Water Table
Elevations for Channel Master, Oxford, N.C.
Top of Casing Depth
Date Elevation to Water
10-2-85 109.72 10.95
4-22-86 8.0
5-8-36 7.92
10-2-85 102.0 I 12.25
4-22-36 9.5
5-3-36 9.79
10-2-85 10 1-78 12.55
5-8-36 I 0.25
10-2-35 IO 1.38 12.25
5-8-86 9.87
lO 1.20
4-22-S6 8.25
5-S-36 9.00
Water Table
Elevation
98.77
101.72
101.80
89.76
92.51
92.22
89.23
91.63
89.63
92.0 I
92.95
92.20
':'.) 'N 'OclO.:i'XO
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NOll'f/\]1] -~~, .. MJN]li u,~od .. ]J. •
,I• 1YA~]J.NI ~nOJ.NO' --... =~
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Report on the Soil Quality
Channel ·Master, Division of Avnet, Inc.
Oxford, North Carolina
Prepared for
Channel Master, Divi~ion of Avnet, Inc.
Industrial Park Drive
Smithfield. North ca·rolina
Prepared by
Soil & Material Engineers. Inc.
Environmental Services Department
Cary. North Carolina
September 16. 1986
SOIL & MATERIAL ENGINEERS. INC.
Ref. 6
' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' I
Channel Moster
Division of Avnet, Inc.
P.O. Box 1416
Smithfield, North Carolina 27577
Attention: Mr. Felix Killette
Reference: Report on the Soil Quality
Channel Master Facility
Oxford, North Carolina
S&ME Job Nuamber 055-85-139-B
Gentlemen:
Soil & Material Engineers, Inc. is pleased to submit the results of the
soil sampling at the Channel Master Oxford site (see Figure 1 }. "This
report contains a description of the sampling program, methodologies used,
observations made during the collection of the samples, sample collection
locations and the laboratory results.
The purpose of the soil sampling was to address the lateral and vertical
extent of areas of contamination in the scrap metal trailer parking area,
contamination associated with the drainage area from the waste oil tonk,
contamination associated with the drainage ditch downgradient from the
eight-inch discharge pipe, and any additional sampling necessary to define
lateral and vertical contamination of any other potential areas. _As a
comparison, a background sample was also collected outside-of onv known nr
potential contaminated areas.
Organic Vapors Site Survey:
The Organic Vapor Analyzer (OVA) was used in an attempt ta better define
potentially contaminated areas for soil sampling. The area between the
west property boundary to the first eastern fence as shown on Figure 2 was
evaluated. The procedure was ta open a hole exposing the subbose material
with a pick and then sniff the vapors with the OVA.
The OVA ionizes organic vapors using a hydrogen flame. When the organic
vapor burns, it generally gives off positively charged carbon ions which
generate a current on an input electrode. The OVA will detect mast
volatile organics, ketones, alcohols, olefins, paraffins, and halogenated
hydrocarbons.
The OVA site survey did confirm several areas of potential contamination
associated 'w'With the scrap truck area, waste oil tonk area and chemical
pad area. However, high OVA readings were also obtained in areas where
actual sail samples contain no detectable organics. T~e high OVA readings
in these areas .may have been from vapors emitted by the asphalt parking
lot.
Scrop Metal Trailer Parking Area
Three sites were
included samples
sampled in the scrap metal trailer parking orea. These
at sites number 1, 2-and 11. Three. samples at
SOIL & MATERIAL ENGINEERS, INC.
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11
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11
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intervals of one, three and seven feet were taken at each site and
analyzed for volatile organics. In addition, the samples at the one-foot
interval for sites 1 and 2 were analyzed for priority pollutants. The
laboratory results as reported by Industrial & Environmental Analysts,
Inc. (IEA) are contained in Appendix A.
The procedure was to break through the asphalt using a pick and shovel to
expose the subbase. A clean shovel was then used to remove the subbase
and the first six inches of soil. A clean hand auger was used to collect
the sample from the six-inch to one-foot interval. The sample was then
sniffed using the OVA prior to being placed in a container. The now dirty
hand auger was then used to remove the soil to the 2.5 foot depth. A
second hand auger was then used to collect the sample from the 2.5 to
three-foot interval. Again the sample was sniffed using the OVA. This
procedure was repeated for all sample intervals. The descriptions of the
soil conditions and OVA readings are contained in Appendix 8.
A summary of the volatile organics detected in the soil samples is
presented in Table 1 for sites number 1 and 2. No volatile orgOnics were
detected at site 11 for the one-foot and three-foot samples. The
seven-foot sample from site number 11 contained trans-1,2-dichloroethene
at 20 ug/Kg, tetrachloroethene at 570 ug/Kg and trichloroethene at 280
ug/Kg. No base/neutral extractables, acid extractables nor PCB/pesticides
were detected at location 1. At location 2, two base/neutral
extractables, bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and diethyl phthalate, were
detected at concentrations of 1000 ug/Kg and 1300 ug/Kg respectively. No
acid extractables nor PCB/pesticides were detected.
An earlier sample, C-1, had been taken in the scrap trailer loading area
(see Figure 2). This sample was taken from ground surface to about the
one-foot depth. Tetrachloroethene at 300,000 ug/Kg and trichloroethene ot
5,200 ug/Kg were detected.
Based on the samples from C-1 and site number 1 and 2, it appears.that the
greatest contamination lies in the scrap metal trailer parking area
bordered by the three samples. At site number 1, contamination is present
to the seven-foot level. At site number 2, detectable contamination
disappears between the three-foot and seven-foot sample.
Site number 11 only showed detectable volatHe organics·at the seven-foot
level. The ground water level is at the se~en-foot level .or higher in the
vicinity of site number 11 and may be the actual source of the volatile
organic contaminants rather than materials leaching through the asphalt
pavement down to the seven-foot level.
Drainage Area from Waste Oil Tank
Two soil samples were token downgradient from
were collected at sample site 2 and C-4.
fluid in the waste oil tank was taken. The
all three samples are shown in Table 2.
the waste oil tank. Samples
In addition, a sample of the
volatile organic results for
SOIL & MATERIAL ENGINEERS, INC.
The waste oil tank contained high concentrations of oil and grease as
indicated by the high detection limit of 500 ug/L along with
trichloroethene at 83,000 ug/L and 1,1,1-trichloroethane at 16,000 ug/L.
The soil sample from C-4 (at one-foot depth) also contained significant
concentrations of oil and grease to have a detection limit of 50 ug/Kg in
addition to trichloroethene at 23,000 ug/Kg, trans 1,2-dichloroethene at
150-ug/Kg and methylene chloride at 160 ug/Kg.
The chromatograms from the site number 2 samples were reviewed by IEA for
oil and grease. The chromatogram for the volatile organics scan showed the
presence of nonquantified light oils. Priority pollutants were run on the
sample from the one-foot depth. The base/neutral extractable scan also
contained low concentrations of oil and grease. The three-foot and
seven-foot samples did not show signs of oil and grease.
Based on the C-4 sample results at the one-foot depth and the oil and
grease in the site number 2 sample at the one-foot depth, if appears that
the waste oil tank has contributed to the contamination in the drainage
from the scrap metal trailer parking area. The contaminCtion at low
levels (trichloroethane at 64 ug/Kg) has reached the three-fact depth at
site number 2.
Drainage Ditch Dawngradient from 8" Discharge Pipe
Sail samples
evaluate the
the eight-inch
were
extent
pipe.
collected along the property line drainage ditch to
of soil contamination resulting '.ram discharges ·from
Six sites were sampled. These sites are:
(1) C-3 just upgradient of the eight-inch discharge pipe;
(2) C-2 just downgradient of the eight-inch discharge pipe;
(3) C-5 approximately 500 feet downgradient from C-3;
(4) Site number 8 at the outfall of culvert under railroad tracks;
(5) Site number 6 is above apartment complex parking lot and
downgradient of site number 8; and
(6) Site number 7 at the outfall of culvert from beneath apartment_
parking lot and 238 feet downgradient of site number 6.
The locations of the six sites are shown on Figure 3.·
The results of the volatile organic analyses for the six ~amples are shown
in. Table 3. In general, the volatile organics detected were few in number
and at very low concentrations. The exception is C-5 which was a sample
taken at the water table and probably reflects the contaminated ground
water water more than surface water contamination infiltrating down at the
C-5 site.
Vinyl chloride was detected at site number 8 at the six-inch depth beneath
the railroad culvert. The only other vinyl chloride detected in any
samples was a ground water sample from well T-1. Vinyl chloride has been
reported to be a degradation product of trichloroethene and
tetrachloroethene in ground waters (Parson et. al .. 1984). Possibly some
microbiological activity in the wet soils could have produced the vinyl
chloride as a degradation product. Vinyl chloride normally vaporizes to
the atmosphere fairly rapidly from surface spills on ~oils and surface
water and vinyl chloride normally does not adsorb to soils.
SOIL & MATERIAL ENGINEERS. INC. •
' ' ' ' l' I
' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' '
Chemical Pad Area
Three sites were sampled downgrodient from the chemical pad 6rea. These
9, 10 and 12. Soil samples were collected at the were site numbers
one-foot, three-foot
analyzed for volatile
shown in Table 4.
and seven-foot intervals at all three sites and
organics. The results of the chemical analyses are
Site number 9, adjacent to the chemical pad, hos contamination at the
one-foot interval consisting of volatile organics at 590 ug/Kg. The soils
at site number 9 between three feet and seven feet have minor
contamination between 30 to 20 ug/Kg of trichloroethene. Site number 70
has contamination consisting of trichloroethene at 20 ug/Kg and acetone at
290 ug/Kg only at the seven-foot interval. Again the higher concentration
of contamination at the deeper depths is probably due to the contaminated
ground water. Site number 12 only showed a trace of tetrachloroethene
below the quantifiable limit of 20 ug/Kg.
Background Area
Two background sites, site numbers 3 and 5, were sampled at the one and
three-foot intervals. The samples were analyzed for volatile organics.
No volatile organics were detected in any of the four samples.
A third site,
intervals and
organics were
and grease "were
Surrrnory
number 4, was sampled at the one, three and seven-foot
the samples analyzed for volatile organics. No volatile
detected in the three samples. Low concentrations of oil
detected in the seven-foot interval sample.
The primary area of contamination is the scrap metal trailer parking area
and waste oil tonk area. The soils within the actual t~ailer parking area
show contamination to the seven-foot depth. Soils from site number 2 show
contamination to the three-foot level but at the seven-foot no detectable
contamination was encountered. Moving along the drainage to site ~umber
11, the soils contained no detectable volatile organics until the
seven-foot sample. The ground water level is at the seven-foot level and
may be the actual source of the volatile organic contaminants.
The second area of contamination is associated with the chemical pad area.
The majority of the contamination appears to be immediately downgradient
of the pad as seen in Table 4, site number 9. The contamination appears
ta be primarily in the first three feet of sail.· At sample site 10, the
upper sail contamination is below detectable levels. The seven-foot
sample for -site number 10 shows contamination but again it may be
associated with the high ground water table.
SOIL & MATERIAL l;NGINEEAS, lNC.
' ' ' ' ,
' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' '
The data reported herein is
contamination at the site. We
clean-up after we review the
discuss our findings with you,
our initial evaluation of the soil
will prepare our recommendations for soil
forthcoming ground water quality data and
Sincerely,
SOIL & MATERIAL ENGINEERS, INC,
~~,~l~Q~
Bryson 0, Trexler, Jr,, Ph,D,, P,G,
Senior Hydrogeologist
-~2~~
Senior Hydrogeologist
SOIL & MATERIAL ENGINEERS, INC.
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' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' '
TABLE 1
The Scrap Trailer Loading Area from Volatile Organic Analyses for Site Number 1 and 2. Channel Master, Oxford, North Carolina.
Site Number 1
Parameter Units 1 Ft. .Lf!..,_ 7 Ft. 1,1-Dichloroethane ug/Kg 70 <50 <20 1,2-Dichloroethane ug/Kg <50 <50 26 1,1-Dichloroethene ug/Kg 670 <50 20 trans 1,2-Dichloroethene ug/Kg 160 <50 <20 Methylene Chloride ug/Kg 290 "(50 .32 1,1,1-Trichloroethane ug/Kg 6500 <50 330 Trichlor·oethene ug/Kg 380 <50 <20 Xylenes ug/Kg 210 <50 <20
Site Number 2
Parameter Units .l..£L 3 Ft . · 7 Ft. trans· 1,2-Dichloroethene ug/Kg 78 38 <20 Tetrachloroethene ug/Kg 20 24 < 20 Trichloroethane ug/Kg <20 64 <20
<50 Means no quantifiable value or no peak detected.
' ' ' ' I'
' ' ' f
' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' --
TABLE 2
Volatile Organic Analyses for the Waste Oil Tank Area, Channel Master,
Oxford, North Carolina.
Parameters
trans 1,2-0ichloroethene
Methylene Chloride
Trichloroethene
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Parameter
trans 1,2-0ichloroethene
Tetrachloroethene
Trichloroethane
Waste Di 1 Tank
Units
ug/L <500
ug/L <500
ug/L 83,000
ug/L 16,000
Site Number 2
Units
ug/Kg
ug/Kg
ug/Kg
Sample
1 Ft.
78
20
<20
Site
Units
ug/Kg
ug/Kg
ug/Kg
ug/Kg
Interval
3 Ft.
38
24
64
<51'l Means no quantifiable value or no peak detected.
C-4
150
160
23,000
<50
7 Ft.
<21'l
<21'l
<21'l
TABLE 3
Volatile Organic Analyses for the Drainage Ditch Downgradient from 8"
Discharge Pipe, Channel Master, Oxford, North Carolina.
Parameter
trans, 1,2-Dichlaraethene
Tetrachloroeth0ne
Trichloroethene
Parameters ·
Volatile Organics
Parameters
Volatile Organics
Parameters
Vinyl Chloride
Units
ug/Kg
ug/Kg
ug/Kg
Site Number 6
Units
ug/Kg
Site Number 7
Units
ug/Kg
Site Number 8
Units
ug/Kg
C-3 C-2 C-5
<5 18 110
<5 34 5400
<5 <5 670
Below Detection Limit of 20
Below Detection Limit of 20
210
' p
Ill
1111
IQ
-
Ill
Ill
Ill
--
" Pl
~ ..
Ill .. ..
~ ,. .. I -
TABLE 4
Volatile Organic Analyses for the Chemical Pad Area, Site Numbers 9, 10
and 12, Channel Master, Oxford, North Carolina.
Parameters
trans, 1,2-Dichloroethene
Trichloroethene
Parameters
Trichloroethane
Acetone
. Parameters
Tetrachloroethene
Site Number 9
Units
ug/Kg
ug/Kg
Site Number 11!l
Units
ug/Kg
ug/Kg
Sample
1 Ft.
170
420
Sample
1 Ft.
<20
<20
Site Number 12
Units
ug/Kg
Sample
1 Ft.
<20
<50 • Means no quantifiable value or peak detected.
Interval
3 Ft.
TR
30
Interval
3 Ft.
<20
<20
Interval
3 Ft .
<20
TR_ •· Means peak detected but under quantifiable limit .
7 Ft.
<20
20
7 Ft.
.20
290
7 Ft.
TR.
f
.
+ '
' ' t . I I . .
+
LEGEND:
X OVA STATION
• SOIL Sll.MPLING STATION
(86) CONCENTRATION OF TOTAL VOLATILE ORGANICS u9tt<~
-- - --- -- -
'
CHEMICAL STORAGE >AD
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• I '
-~---
10 . ., e,01
" e<oJ
•
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~ I I
I • I
~a·
:01SCHARG£
1 LINE
I I
' I I
I I I I> r e10J
!
I SUBSTATION
' . '
SEWER LINE
' .
. •
• '
• ' 1101 .
~-
"TOTAl:"'"VOL:ATllEORGANICS IN SOIL AT ONE FOOT DEPTH
CHANNEL MASTER -•-•T• c1110.1T,
OXFORD, N. c. JOlll(I. MCJ OAH•
,uc111m011
o,,-a,-1:?i9e 9185
FIGURE 2o I.CALI• 1°• 20'
, .... SOUWATD,IALENGIHEERS,IHC. IV """"" · """'" "'""'"'
- ---- - -
,_.
- - -
- -
L EGENO'..
X OVA STATION
• SOIL ~MP\..ING STATl6N
(86) CONCENTRATION OF TOTAL VOLATILE ORGANICS ug/l<g
\NS) NOT SAMPLED
---- - - --
CHANNEL MASTER -
_qXFORO, ·N.C. _ .
---
:suSSTATtON
..
(0)
DIN•.IIT• Clu.D.H• "" -IQ. UTI• o~~-s~-l:598 9/86
SOil, & MATUUAL ENGIH£ERS,1MC.
RAUIGH, NORTH CARQJNA
- -
,_.
- --
- -
LEGEND:
X OVA STATION
• SOIL $1,,MPLlNG STATION
(86) CONCENTRATION OF TOTAL VOLATILE ORGANJCS uq/K',1
(NS) NOT SAMPLED
- --- -- -
'
,.
(01
totAL"YotJtiirroliGlffiimr-ff-i"sbrC:.\rSEVEN 'FOOT DEPTH
CHANNEL. 'MASTER
:OXFORD;' N. C.
DUCllll'Tlo.l
- - -
,IOtllO, DATI•
055-85-1398 9/86
FIGURE 2c KAI.~~ 20• 111nT °"
soil.. It, WAT!RIAL ENGIMEERS,IMC.
RAU:IGH.NORTH CARQJMA
- - - -
, ..
- --
,~ channel 'ill .r~a master
I~ satellite . .
~,,v systems. inc. , Ref. 7
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Mr. H.T. Ragland, City Manager
City of Oxford
P.O. Box 506
120 Williamsboro Street
Oxford, NC 27565
Dear Mr. Ragland,
June 10, 1983
This letter is pursuant to our recent telephone conversation
concerning the elimination of the wastewater lagoon located on our
property here at Channel Master Satellite Systems.
Thi~ l~onnn h~~ nnr h~~~ ~~~~ f~~ the ~~orage cf any additional
discharge wastewater since 1980 and we have no operations at this
facility requiring this lagoon. The growth of our business demands
that we eliminate the lagoon to rr.ake room for the necessary trucking
operations as well as increased employee parking needs. To accomplish
this, I.first contacted Mr. O. W. Strickland, head of the office of
Solid and Hazardous Waste at the N.C. Department of Human Resources.
Mr, Lars Godwini of that officei was assigned·to review ·our request
and visited us on May 13, 1983 (reference his attached letter to Mr.
Sullins on May 18, 1983). In addition to his inspection of the
facility, Mr. Godwin suggested th.at we get an updated analysis of the
lagoon water. A copy of this analysis, which we received today, is
also attached.
Our request of the City of Oxford is to assist us in the -
elimination of this lagoon by allowing the discharge of this wastewater
into the Oxford sewerage system. The volume of water is approximately
700,000 gallons and we can control the discharge rate at whatever levels
you deem feasible. We, of C'!_urse, would ·like to accomplish this as
. soon as possible so that this area can be filled and used for our needed
expansion.
5
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I know this lagoon has been a sore subject for you and a City of Oxford over many years due to apparent poor controls by the previous owners of the facility, However, all recent reports show this water to be very safe for discharge into the sewerage system and_ we would appreciate your assistance in helping us bring this wastewater lagoon subject to a timely close.
HEM/bf
Enclosure
cc: Mr. Syl Herlihy
Mr. 0. ~-Strickland
Hr. Lars Godwin
Hr. Jesse Sullins
Sincerely,
CHANNEL MASTER
Division of Avnet, Inc.
~~c.-~
Harold E. "Buddy" Mills
General Manager
/"· , .
I · '"ci R A I N G ifil?R L A B O R AT Oi':d I E S
INCORPORATED
I ANALYTICAL AND CONSULTING CHEMISTS
709 West Johnson Street • Raleigh, North Carolina 27603
1::~:~~~BORATORY [phone]
U\IC1M>ll }laltri:als
1irir-ation of t:nlr.nov:ns
June 7, 1983
83-7253 •··~ iles
nic-alJ ts\\"3Jlt
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Channel Master Satellite
Industry Drive Systems, Inc.
Oxford, N.C. 27565
Attention: Mr. Oscar T. Dobbs
Director of Materials
Subject: Analysis of Sample Received 5-18-83
Sample Identification: Purchase Order No. 6190
1. Holding Tank
pH
Cyanide, Total as CN, mg/1
Tnta1 ,n1i,k mn/1 • • • • • • -I ••• .., I •
Dissolved Solids, mg/1
Phenols, Total as c6H50H, mg/1
Sulfide, Total as H2S, mg/1
RESULTS
Total Organic Halides, as Cl-, mg/1
Arsenic, Total as As, mg/1
Barium, Total as Ba, mg/1
Cadmium, Total as Cd, mg/1
Chromium, Total as Cr, mg/1
Hexavalent Chromium, Total as Cr+6, mg/1
Iron, Total as Fe, mg/1
Lead, Total as Pb, mg/1
Manganese, Total as Mn, mg/1
Mercury, Total as Hg, mg/1
Selenium, Total as Se, mg/1
Silver, Total as Ag, mg/1
1
I 7.9
<0.02
700
700
<1.0
0.7
213
<0. 002
<0.1
<0.005
0.13
0.130
0.59
0.3
<0.01
<0.002
0.06
0.01
ames D. Thacker
Technical Director
JDT/dd
r:11st.nmer #29000
CO~SULTATI0:'11
Mt1.allur1ical Srn-KTS
PoUu1ion A=.:tml'nt
Pn><ns 0<-,-.ac;,mn,1
~L:y Control
J.h1hoch °"'~mrnt
Sperl.al la~1ion
Pa,;ridn
RC"RA
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3 February 1987.
Ref. 8
TO: File
FROM: Jack Butler
RE: SI notification for Channel Master NC Dl22263825
Mr. Roger Coats of Channel Master (919-934-9711) was contacted on
this date to arrange a site investigation at the subject site in Oxford, NC on
February 19, 1987. Mr. Coats will meet us at the site at about 9:30 or
10:00 a.m. The present tennant of the site, Rose's Department Store, will be ·contacted by Mr. Coats.
JB/tb/O338b
Collection of.
G. c. Nicholson Co 11 ection of,._
G. C. Nicholson
Ref. 9 I
I
GEOLOGY AND GROUND-WATER RESOURCES
IN THE RALEIGH AREA
NORTH CAROLINA
DIVISION OF GROUND WATER
GROUND WATER BULLETIN NO. 15
North Carolina
Department of Water Resources
RALEIGt_,
NOVEMBER
1968
t;· .. ,. .;·,:;;..
(),·
, f-;_._'<·::,.,
,-·--:r:
"J~.'
-
TRIASSIC
■ •
- --
Eocene
CRETACEOUS
PALEOZOIC
I
PALEOZOIC
PRECAMBRIAN
---
[
'
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~ ~
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[:]
~
[;]
-
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a
-- - - -- - - --
PERSON
.; ·,,
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' I
GE0LOGY
METAVOLCANIC SEQUFJ',::E
Slightly metamorphosed rocks of predominantly volcanic origin are
exposed in a narrow band crossing most of Wake C0unty, east of the Durham
Triassic basin. Rocks of the same sequence underlie most of Granville
County and a large part of western Vance Cow1ty. The north end of the
Durham Triassic basin separates the metavolcanic rocks in Wake County from
those in Granville and Vance Counties.
The metavolcanic sequence includes an assemblage of phyllitic and
sheared rocks that are primarily volcanic in origin, but also includes
minor recognizable sedimentary rocks. Rocks of volcanic origin include
intermediate to felsic'lithic tuffs, fine-grained felsic tuff, mafic tuff,
breccia, rhyolite, and basalt. A few beds of conglomerate and quartzite
are interbedded with the rocks of the metavolcanic sequence.
The intermediate to felsic lithic tuffs are light cream to gray in
color and in hand specimens are seen to be composed of light colored
fragments of quartz and feldspar set in a fine-grained matrix (loc. G-3,
fig. 5). Feldspar fragments are sheared and commonly displaced along shear
planes. In the more phyllitic tuff, the fragments are recognizable only as
discolored smears on cleavage surfaces. Fragments one-half inch long are
common in some outcrops and compose as much as 10 to 15 percent of the
rock (fig. 8). On freshly broken surfaces the rock has a characteristic
silky luster caused by the high content of sericite. Parallel alignment
of these sericite flakes gives the rock a good cleavage. Laney (1917)
described this rock as a quartz porphyry and added: "If one regarded only
the present texture of the rock, he would call it a sericite schist, which
in fact the rock really is". Later in his description he stated: "It
occurs in two phases, one of medium texture and decidedly porphyritic, with
phenocrysts of both quartz and feldspar, and the other plainly tuffaceous
or fragmental". Where the feldspar grains appear as phenocrysts, that is
WJl'i-~, · 7 ~~1.1::t.'_}
if,:,. ~I it .,. J, ,,,,,.
, ''.\in
! !}ft . (;,'
~J i ·-:~ ! rtl-,.;, . '" I ·; ... ' ... .,. . .: "' -'\.~\ ', ~-~ • /'/';~,. l;'<t,~•:~mt.:& ,m
Figure 8.--Felsic tuff (lighter areas are feldspar fragments)
3 miles north of Cornwall, Granville County.
-21 -
,...
GROUND WATER II<! 'l'HE RALEIGH AREA
where they are bounded by crystal faces, tl1,2 roe!: :i.s similar to the crystal
tuffs in Moore County as clesc.:ribec1 by ConleJ (l'.Ki2, p. 4). At some local-
ities vague lamellar ba:cding is discernible but becau,;e the rock is highly
sericitic and stained by water perc.:olatine; along cleavage surfaces, these
bands cannot be definitely recognized as flow bands. At some locations these
tuffs are intricately intruded by rnafic dikes that are also sheared and
phyllitic (fig. 9).
Figure 9.--Felsic tuff intruded by mafic dikes (dark bands).
White to light gray, fine-grained felsic tutf is a major rock type in
the metavolcanic sequence. It is a massive to phyJ.litic rock that is com-
posed almost entirely of fine-gr.ained material (loc. G-4, fig. 5 ). Where
it is highly sheared, sericite is abundant and the rock has a well-developed
schistosity. The more massive types show little or no foliation or cleavage
and break into angular fragments. Small quartz grains (beta quartz?) are
prevalent in the more phyllitic felsic tuff at some outcrops. Laney (1917,
p. 23) described this rock as a elastic acid rock, probably of volcanic
origin, but he called it a schist.
Green-to greenish-gray mafic tuffs are interbedded with the felsic
tuffaceous rocks in the rnetavolcanic: sequence in Granville County (fig. 10).
The rnafic tuffs are generally sheared and phyllitic, commonly more phyllitic
than the felsic tuffaceous rocks. Very little evidence remains regarding
the original texture of the rock, however, vague outlines of fragments are
discernible. The green color is due to recrystallization of' chlorite and
other dark minerals, and the good cleavage is a result of the parallel align-
ment of these minerals. A purplish-gray mafic tuff outcrops in the meta-
volcanic sequence near the contact of this sequence 1:1ith the argillite-gray-
wacke unit in northwestern Granvllle County. It:. is a massive) predominant~y
fine-grained rock, but olive-green b. thic fragments are apparent on slightly
weathered surfaces. Similar. rocL:; :i.~1 Moo2.-e Count:y, l!W.pped as andesitic tuffsJ
were described by Conley (1962) p. 5). The purr,li~ll color, from Conleyrs
description of the rock: is due Lo grimo.r.'.' he1~1atii.:.e.
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·)
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:'!,
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·,
Figure 10.--Interbedded mafic and felsic tuff,5 miles
north of Stovall, Granville County.
GEOLOGY
Black-to dark-green basalitic rocks crop out 1 mile west of U. S.
:::c;hway 15 between Oxford and Stovall in Granville County (loc. G-5, fig. 5).
:::is rock is typically aphanitic to fine-grained, and hard and lacks cleavage .
,:,ucture. At one. outcrop, spheroidal inclusions of a lighter green material,'·
;ce-half inch in diameter, were conspicuous on freshly broken surfaces.
:::,ite is a common accessory miri_eral.
Sedimentary rocks within the metavolcanic sequence include conglomerate
·c::d at least one bed of quartzite. At location G-6, figure 5, the conglomerate
cs composed of small·, well-rounded quartz pebbles, and subrounded to angular
:·,o.,;ments in a finer tuffaceous matrix. The width. of the outcrop area is
'.CO to 150 feet but the thickness of the rock could not be determined. This
;:o.c:icular rock may have been formed from a mixture of pyroclastic and sedi-
::.•,:,tary material in a local, shallow depositional basin. A reddish-brown,
::.'edium-to fine-grained quartzite outcrops at location G-7, figure 5. It is
":::::issive granular rock composed almost entirely of quartz exposed at the top
.-:· a monadnock hill that stands 100 to 200 feet above the surrounding upland
.:-.::·:'ace, attesting to its resistance to erosion. Outcrops of this rock do
:·. ): occur outside of this local area.
Laney (1917, p. 44) has described the volcanic-sedim0ntary rocks in
::::·thwestern Warren County as comprising the east limb of a synclinorium,
:·.e axis of which lies just west of Virgilina, Granville County. The south-
·::~::;t dip of cleavage -was interpreted as resulting from tight folding and
?-.·e:-turning of these folds to the northwest. This synclinorium as described
: :: La.'1ey is commonly referred to as the "Virgilin,::, synclinorium" after the
.o-.;~ of Virgilina in Granville County. In the eas terru:,os t area. underlain by
:-:-. .a::;.:a\·olcanic rocks in Granville and Vance Cow1ties, tfl.e cle2.vase which
-23 ·-
Ill!
......
-, •. Y ~-,,.. un'.":£rik'ti::::::i-i'tt\::1i:t?:·)r»,;:·,'-•::::-s:t&if·;·:&tB:i;:W:::':f,."fG -~
c:e!lera.lly is parallel to bedding consistently dips northwest. This direction
oJ' dip :cs less consistent farther west in Granvil.le County, and at many
J'laces vertical and southeast dipping cleavage occur, however, the general
northeast strike prevailed throughout the sequence. Parker (in press) has
described a syncline of regional significance in Granville County and has
drawn the axis of this syncline some 12 miles east of the synclinal axis
described by Laney. He suggests that perhaps this is the true location
of the axis of the Virgilina synclinorium but offers an alternate explanation
of two synclines of regional significance (the syncline described by Laney
and the syncline described by Parker) separated by an anticline. Bedding
in the argillite-graywacke unit near Virgilina dips northwest and recent
mapping by Bain (in press) in Person County west of the Virgilina area,
shows these same rock types dipping southeast, with the change in dip
occurring along a line approximating the synclinal axis described oy Laney.
From these relationships it appears that there are two synclines, as suggested
by Parker, and future detailed mapping may delineate the anticline separating
them.
Vertically dipping joints occur in the metavolcanic sequence, especially
in the less foliated rocks. Strikes trending northeast and northwest are
common for these joints; north-trending strikes are uncommon.
Soils formed from weathering of the rocks in the metavolcanic sequence
vary in color and texture depending on the particular rock type underlying
the soils. The felsic tuffaceous rocks weather to a light-colored ash-like
soil that is generally shallow. The more mafic rocks weather to form dark-
red clay-soiis.
PHYLLrrE
Phyllite is exposed as a north-trending band from the southern tip of
Wake County to the western city limits of Raleigh in the central part of the
county. Phyllite in the southern part of this band is unconformably overlain
by unconsolidated Coastal Plain sediments. Phyllite is exposed in the deeper
draws where streams have cut through the overlying sediments. Another small
area of phyllite crops out in northeastern Wake County and part of adjacent
FrankJin County,
The phyllite ranges in color from green to ltght tan, and partially
weathered fragments are light shades of red and brown. The typical phyllite
is. a fine-grained rock with a distinctive phyllitic sheet (loc. WK-5, fig. 5).
It is predominantly composed of fine micaceous minerals, chlorite and
sericite, and much argillaceous material. Accessory minerals include
metacrysts of pyrite, garnet, and fine, well-disseminated, greenish-black
flakes of chloritoid (?). Where garnets are prevalent, the rock is more
schistose and coarse grained. Color banding is apparent and is interpreted
as bedding. Beds range in thickness from a few inches to several feet.
Foliation is parallel to bedding, and a dense crenulation pattern on cleavage
surfaces forms a prominent horizontal linear feature •
•
-24 -
GROUND-WATER HYDROLOGY
HYDROLOGIC CYCLE AND SOURCE OF GROUND WATER
'l'he earth has a fixed quantity of water that is kept in continuous circulation between the atmosphere and the earth by energy supplied from the sun. This constant circulation of water in its various forms is called the hydrologic cycle. Hydrology is the science which is concerned with the complex and interrelated phases of the hydrologic cycle. Water in the saturated zone of the earth's crust is called ground water.
Precipitation in the form of rain or snow is the source of ground water. The average annual precipitation in the Raleigh area is about 45 inches, but only part of this reaches the zone of saturatiou. The pro-portion of precipitation that becomes ground water is controlled by such factors as the relative ability of the rocks and soil above the zone of saturation to transmit water, the precipitation intensity, the density of vegetation, the climate, and the topography.
The permeability or relative ability of soils to transmit water varies from place to place and thus variously affects the proportion of rainfall that is absorbed and transmitted as ground-water recharge, as well as the rate of recharge. Loose surficial soils may be compacted by the pounding of heavy rains which decreases their capacity to store and transmit water. Other factors which affect these characteristics of soils include parent rock, land usage, and type and density of the vegetative cover.
Rainfall intensity and duration have a considerable effect on the amount of water that is absorbed by the soil and transmitted downward to the water table. A large part of the heavy summer rains of short duration is immediately lost as surface.runoff because of the inability of the soils to absorb and transmit water rapidly. The same amount of water falling as a gentle, steady rain would result in a much larger amount of water reaching the water table.
During the summer months, the amount of precipitation available as ground-wate·r recharge is decreased considerably by losses due to evaporation and to transpiration by growing vegetation. The evaporative capacity of the air which is dependent upon temperature, humidity, and air movement, is greater during the summer months than during the remainder of the year. Transpiration losses through vegetation are also greatest during the summer. Water lost through evaporation and transpiration depletes soil moisture which must be replenished before recharge to the zone of saturation is possible. The net result is a decrease in ground-water levels during the summer and early fall despite heavier rains.
The viscosity of water varies inversely with temperature so that during warmer weather water percolates downward to the water table slightly faster than during cold weather.
-34 -
GR0UND-WATF'..R JIYDR0I!!GY
In general, ground water.is steadily moving under the influence of
gravity from recharge to discharge areas. The rate at which it moves ranges
from a few feet a day to a few feet a year (Meinzer, 1942, p. 449), varying
directly with the hydraulic gradient and with the size and arrangement of
the interstices.
Ground water may be discharged naturally by several methods. In humid
areas, such as the Raleigh area, where the water table slopes toward the
streams and rarely falls below the level of them, there is a continuous
seepage which maintains the flow of the streams in dry periods and adds to
the flow during wet periods. Where the water table is close to the surface,
there is heavy discharge.by evaporation and transpiration during the spring
and summer months. Springs and seeps are also areas of natural ground-water
discharge.
THE OCCURRENCE AND MOVEMENT OF GROUND WATER
The amount of water that can be stored in the rocks and soil is con-
trolled by the size, shape, and number of pore spaces they contain. The
rocks of the earth's crust, including soils and other weathered materials,
contain pore space or interstices that are filled with water in the zone of
saturation. These interstices range in size from the microscopic pores in
clays to cavernous openings in some limestones and dolomites. Unconsolidated
sediments, such as gravel, sand and clay, contain primary pores between the
individual grains. When these sediments are consolidated, such as the
Triassic sedimentary rocks, the total volume of pore space is reduced by
compaction and cementation of the sediments. In crystalline rocks such as
granite, schist, and gneiss, the volume of primary pore space between
individual components is very small. Most of the water in these rocks is
contained in secondary interstices which were formed after the rock was
lithified. The most important secondary interstices in the Raleigh area
include joints, planes of cleavage and schistosity, and solution channels.
In the igneous and metamorphic rocks that underlie most of the Raleigh
area, many of the interstices are formed or enlarged by normal weathering
processes at or near the earth's surface. Wi tJi_depth,. the size and abundance
of interstices decreases, consequently most ground water is in the upper
100-to 200-foot-zone of the earth's crust. Several types of interstices
are shown in figure 14. The path of water along interstices in some rock
types is shown in figure 15.
Porosity is the ratio of the volume of the interstices to the total
volume of the rock expressed as a percentage. The porosity of different
rocks is variable. Clays commonly have a porosity of 50 percent or more.
In some crystalline rocks such as granite, the porosity may be less than
1 percent.
Specific yield is the ratio of the volume of water a saturated rock
will yield by gravity to the total volume of rock and is usually stated as
a percentage.
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CA
'.J)
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A-Primary interstices in
well-sorted sedimentary
deposit.
8-Primary interstices in
poorly sorted sedimentary
deposit.
/~
~J
C-Primary interstices in
sedimento ry rock. Porosity
hos been 9reatly reduced
by cementing material.
---
D-Secondary intertices as
solution cavities.
' -/ E-Secondary -i nterstice·s
as fractures.
F-Secondary inters"tices as
fractures formed· by
irt.rusion.
G -Secondary interstices
along foliation planes.
Figure 14,--Diagram illustrating severa~ types of interstices,
-. . . . . .
-
--;.;.~}r:;/;:·'"f.:;:.~;:-f; ... ~;:x-\-;~:~::-~;~t--;:t:Ji~~hlf/:~.;:{.:~<~,::;,:..:-t)-~:~,.-;~.:::~-::;;:,::..~¢.f.·-,:..~-;;;;./':..;.~{/:~,::,;.-}::.:c27
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Unweathered
rock
---------
A.--Water moves along fractures
formed by intrusion
B. --Water moves along fractures
in rock
GROUND-WATER HYDROI/lGY
Well
.--ater moves a ong o to ,on
planes and joints
Figure 15.--Diagrams illustrating movement of water along
secondary interstices.
A rock unit or formation that can yield usable quantities of water to
wells is called an aquifer. The relative ability of an aquifer to transmit
water is called its permeability. Porosity and permeability are not
necessarily related. The porosity of a rock depends only upon the volume
of the interstices in relation to the total volume of the rock, whereas the
permeability depends upon the size and shape of the interstices, the degree
to which these are connected, and the size and shape of the interconnections.
Clay with a porosity of 50 percent may yield little or no water because the
pores ·are so small that the water is held in place by molecular attraction.
On the other hand, clean well-sorted sands or gravels may have less porosity
but yield larger quantities of water because the pores are larger and
interconnected. The permeability of sands or gravels is greatly decreased
when clay or silt is mixed with them, or when they are consolidated by
compaction and addition of a cementing material.
The top surface of th:i.s zone of saturation is known as the water table.
The water table is not a stationary, flat surface, as the name implies, but
is a fluctuating, irregular surface that locally parallels the topography.
The general relation of the water table to the topography is shown in figure 16.
Rocks or unconsolidated material that contain unconfined water in the
zone of saturation are water-table aquifers. An artesian aquifer contains
water in the zone of saturation that is confined under pressure, the pressure
being greater than atmospheric pressure. Brown (1959, p. 16, 17) explains
ground-water occurring under artesian conditions as follows: "Water entering
an artesian aquifer where it crops out or is overlain by permeable material
percolates downdip by gravity, eventually passing a line beyond which the
aquifer is filled to capacity and is both overlain and underlain by relatively
impermeable beds. Because the weight of the water updip in an artesian
aquifer exerts pressure on the water downdip in the same aquifer, the hydro-
static pressure increases progressively in a downdip direction. Thus the
water level in a well that taps an artesian aquifer stands above the top of
the aquifer and the weight of the column of water in the well counterbalances
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·-· ·--~-..-,~-"""'; .. ,.......,.._ .. ..,,..,...._..,..~~ ......... ,.... . ..J ,, __ ,,.,,.,
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WAKE COUNTY
Well No. 3
" 5' w a s • 50
o::" :ir: I "o" ~ ..... ~ 3 • w, •• ~::;5:: 5
< Wo ti: "-:;i 1 wza 0-9
0
8
I ~ ~ _J ~,iJJ 7"
1 VI~ =v, X
"' JfMAMJJASON ',. MONTH 0 " JF M4MJ JASON ,.
YEAR 61 1962 1963 1962 1963
U. S Weather bureau srotion ot Raleigh ct Neuse Crossroads
"
"
----
WARREN COUNTY
Well No. 151
.
0
r,
~ ;1J;I C I o I' ~ v J 81
;y f: 1 v1
JFMAMJJASON DJ f M JfMAMJJASO"I
1962 1963 1962
U.S. Weather bureau sto!ion
at Arcola
/
vi
;vi
0 J FM
1963
Figure 17,--Hydrographs of selected observation wells showing
relation to precipitation.
---- ---
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0
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8
6
0
GRANVILLE COUNTY
Well No 4 Well No. 60
" '
r
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t_l ! I I I I 111 1
I \
\
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f, ~ r,
I'-.
TT
/
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,,,f--+J------'1-----l..c'~
'
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"
DJfo,tAMJJASOti 0 J f M OJFMAMJJASON 0 J FM ., 1962 1963 1962
U.S. Weather bureau s101ion
DI O~ford
temperatures and
1963
FRANKLIN COUNTY
Well No. 115 ~~~~~..,..;~~ro
1--------J...-ls,
•>--------1--'0 ,
,,,f----''<-----4"'-I
,o
' ~ ~
v ~ f, f, ,yJ
'YA
JfMAMJJASONOJfM 0
1962 1963
U.S. Weather bureau SIO!ion
at Louisburg
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GROUND WATER IN THE RALEIGH AREA
for Franklin County well number 115. This well is 75 feet deep and the steel casing is seated in granite. The lag in the fluctuations of the water level in the well with respect to increased precipitation is a relative measure-ment of the rate at which water moves through the granite. In this case the lag is probably several days. The difference in the range of fluctuation between individual wells is due largely to the differences in specific yield of the different rock types in which the wells are located.
Water-table fluctuations over a period of years can be compared with precipitation records for the same period in figure 18. A study of this hydrograph reveals the consistency of seasonal water-table fluctuations over a period of years. It is also evident that the water table has not been permanently lowered during this period but fluctuates as water leaves the aquifer or is added to it.
RECOVERY OF GROUND WATER
The water level in a well is in equilibrium with the water level in the surrounding aquifer. The static water level will fluctuate as the water table in the immediate vicinity of the well fluctuates. WheP pumping commences, a difference in head is created betwee11 the well and the surrounding aquifer causing water to flow toward the well. The amount of decline at any given time is referred to as the drawdown. The amount of drawdown in any one well depends largely upon the rate of pumping and the permeability of the aquifer. The water level in the aquifer, when viewed in profile, is an inverted cone with the apex at the well. This cone is called the cone of depression and _,1,. the area within the perimeter of the cone is the area of influence. The )z configuration, areal extent, and rate of growth of the cone of depression ,; are proportional to the rate at which the well is pumped and to the coefficient//, of transmissibility of the aquifer. 31,
The capacity of a well is the amount of water that a well will yield continuously over a period of time. The specific capacity of a well is computed by dividing the yield by the amount of drawdown and is usually expressed in gallons per minute per foot of drawdown.
In the Raleigh area, ground water is recovered from wells or springs. No industries or municipalities within the area obtain their water supply from springs, however, springs do afford a few domestic supplies. Wells are extensively used throughout the area as a source of water for homes, and are also used as a water supply for some industries and municipalities. The different types of wells include dug, bored, and drilled wells.
TYPES OF WELLS
Dug wells are of large diameter, excavated manually, and usually do not exceed 50 feet in deptt in the Raleigh area. They are commonly curbed with terracotta or stone to prevent slumping of wall material into the well. The chief advantage of a dng well is its large storage capacity per foot of depth and its economy. One of the chief di.sad vantages of dug wells is that they are shallow and consequently are less reliable during periods of draught. Another disadvantage of dug wells is susceptibility to pollution by contam-inated surface water.
-40 -
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'.),it .t~· ;_~;1
lt -';/ ·1'(.:, ,,'
-:::j''
!;~ ;;~ ~)i \',1; >u· -'~ i\Ji
:;~ :ti• :':/ '{1}
:\7
·-,,, ,1;;:.,.:;;:.:,i-,"~1!'!::~"i-~:i'i·r.l· i:1-·i:'.1:i~'Ii:l01:·:::;;. ii:·il:,,li,rs'· ;:)',[,,;,i .. ~~.;',l~~ml9l-'.i~ml
'.. :~:[•;:j;~~~1··i1~~:01J· il.i~&!i:Ei!,.ii:.'i,i!:~~ruu~~~~a;::i:;u:.:.ce:::
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r rl ~ h V\ -~ I'\ ""' ~
·~ ~
VV'
\J\r, I (\ /1 }{'
rJ'\ A fl_ r ~ A ~ I "\ ,A1 \ \ \1 V \ 0\ I v \j . ~ V \ " "\
'\ ~ V
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20
,sr------;~~~~::=T-,1-,----,r,--r--~----,---,-----,--.--.-----~ \ PRECIPITATION AT RALEIGH
Figure 18,--Graphs showing relation of water-level fluctuations
for the period 1939-58,
in a dug well to precipitation,
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GRANVILLE COUNTY
(Area: 542 square miles; population in 1960: 33,110)
GEOGRAPHY
Granville County, the most northwestern county in the Raleigh area, has
the second largest area and population. It is bordered to the east by Vance
and Franklin Counties, to the south by Wake and Durham Counties, to the west
by Person and Durham Counties, and to the north by Virginia. Oxford, popu-
lation 6,978, is the county seat and largest town in the county. Other
population centers include Creedmoor, Virgilina, Stovall, and Butner.
The chief source of income in the county is from the sale of agricultural
and dairy products. Tobacco is the chief crop, but cotton, corn, vegetables,
and hay are also important sources of income. Industries include textile
manufacturing plants, tobacco processing centers, and warehouses, and a to-
bacco research laboratory near Oxford. There are also several small locally
owned sawmill and lumbering operations scattered over the county.
Granville County lies within the Piedmont physiographic province. The
surface has been dissected by swift-flowing small streams producing many north
and northeast trending ridges. One of the most prominent of these ridges is
located 2 miles east of Culbreth in the southwestern section of the county.
Bowlings Mountain; elevation 7140 feet, is part of this ridge and is the
highest point in the county. Several other monadnocks are between 600 and
700 feet in elevation, and rise 150 to 200 feet above the general surrounding
surface. At most places, however, the relief is moderate and ranges from 100
to 125 feet.
The southern part of the county is drained by south-flowing tributaries
of the N~use River. The central part is drained southeastward by the Tar
River and its tributaries. The northern part of the county is drained north-
ward by tributaries of the Roanoke River. Most of the tributary streams rise
within the county, and their courses are largely controlled by the differential
resistance of rocks to erosion. The Tar River rises to the west of Granville
County and flows southeastward across the general structural trend.
GEOWGY
Rocks of the mica gneiss unit crop out in southeastern Granville County.
They are predominantly interbedded mica schists and gneisses. The schists
are chiefly of the coarse-grained biotite-quartz variety containing large red
garnets that are especially prevalent along the axes of small folds. The most
abundant gneiss is a medium-grained quartz-feldspar-biotite gneiss that also
contains garnets which are disseminated through the rock. It differs from
the schist in that it contains feldspar and has a greater quartz content.
The rocks are interbedded and appear to be of sedimentary origin. Bedding
and foliation strike northeast and dip northwest.
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l:HOUNJJ \✓A'.l'J<:H IN 'l'l!E HJ\..Ll:Il;][ AREA
Two soapstone bodies crop out in southeastern Granville County. They are enclosed by rocks of the mica gneiss unit, and are elongated in a north-east direction approximately parallel to the strike of structural features and bedding in the enclosing rocks. The soapstone is a massive to foliated pale-green rock composed essentially of chlorite and talc. Accessory minerals include actinolite, tremolite, and serpentine. The soapstone probably was formed by the hydrothermal alteration of ultramafic intrusives.
Rocks of the metavolcanic sequence underlie most of Granville County. Included in this sequence is an assemblage of rocks, that are at most places sheared and phyllitic, that are primarily of volcanic origin, but also included are minor beds of sedimentary origin. The rocks of volcanic origin include felsic to intermediate tuffs, mafic tuffs, breccia, a few rhyolite flows, and basalt •. A few beds of conglomerate, and at least one bed of quartzite are interbedded with the rocks of volcanic origin. The tuffs predominate. The felsic to intermediate tuffs range in composition from fine-grained rock, composed of volcanic ash to lithic tuffs that contain fragments of feldspar and quartz set in a fine-grained matrix. Where the feldspar grains are euhedral to subhedral, the rock is similar to felsic crystal tuffs in Moore County, as described by Conley (1962, p. 4). Mafic tuffs are interbedded with the felsic tuffs at several places. The tuffaceous rocks have a well developed cleavage at most places that strikes north to northeast. Massive basalt and rhyolite are also minor rock types in the sequence.
Rocks of the argillite-graywacke unit underlie a small area in the extreme northwestern corner of Granville County. The argillite is a fine-grained, gray to greenish-gray rock that breaks into platy fragments along a nearly vertical cleavage. Massive green graywacke is interbedded with the argillite and at several places the contact between graywacke c.nd argillite appears to be gradational. Beds of conglomerate are associated with the graywacke near the base of the sequence. Bedding in the sequence strikes northeastward and dips steeply to the northwest.
Greenstone crops out as narrow northeast-trending belts in the north-western part of the county. A much larger belt of greenstone-is exposed in northeastern Granville County. Typically the rock is green to greenish gray, fine textured, and contains small phenocrysts of feldspar, and amygdules filled with quartz, feldspar, and sparse calcite at most localities. Commonly the rock has a cleavage structure and where cleavage is especially well developed the rock is a green schist. Chlorite is the predominant mineral. Accessory minerals include hornblende, feldspar, and epidote. The greenstone is probably a metamorphosed mafic extrusion.
Granodiorite bodies are exposed across the central part of Granville County, and are enclosed by rocks of the metavolcanic unit or bordered by the younger indurated sediments of Triassic age. The granodiorite is a gray to pinkish-gray crystalline rock composed of feldspar (mostly albite), quartz, biotite mica, and accessory amounts of muscovite, orthoclase feldspar, sericite, and opaque minerals. Inclusions of rocks of the metavolcanic unit are common in the granodiorite,. but the inclusions do not contain metamorphic minerals indicative of intense dynamic and thermal metamorphism. Around the edges of the bodies, rocks of the metavolcanic unit and granodiorite are interlayered. Contacts as shown on the geologic map represent contact zoneu wherein there is an apparent change in the predominant rock type.
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.\.1)4 ;;:) if \'.:.~ . ,,.
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COUN'rY DESCRIPl'lONS
Tlle granodiorite in Granville County, as well as in Vance County, appears to
have·been emplaced by some process other than forceful intrusion of magma.
Hornblende gabbro underlies four small areas in the county. It is
chiefly a medium-to coarse-grained, black-to greenish-black rock composed
essentially of hornblende and plagioclase feldspar. Epidote is a common
accessory mineral formed as an alteration product of feldspar. The gabbro
weathers readily to a dark-red clay-soil, and exposures are usually exfoliated
boulders that accumulate at the surface.
A small body of granite is exposed in the southeastern part of Granville
County. It is a mediwn-grained biotite granite, essentially the same in
texture and composition as the much larger granite pluton in Franklin and
Wake Counties. A light-colored granular saprolite mantles granite at most
localities.
The Triassic Durhan basin extends into southern Granville County, and
ends about 2 miles southeast of Oxford. Along the northwestern edge of the
basin, interbedded arkosic sundstone and shale lie unconformable upon rocks
of the metavolcanic unit. The beds dip at about 10 to 15 degrees towards
the Jonesboro fault which forms the eastern boundary of the basin. The sand-
stone is a buff-colored rock that weathers to a light-colored sandy loam.
Conglomerate lenses occur within the sandstone at several localities. The
shales are purple to maroon and weather faster than the sandstones. A coarse
fanglomerate of rounded to subrounded boulders, cobbles, pebbles, and angular
rock fragments is exposed along the western edge of the·Jonesboro fault.
Many black diabase dikes intrude the Triassic rocks.
GROUND WATER
All domestic water supplies are obtained from wells or springs.
are common, but only a few have been developed for domestic supplies.
industries or municipalities in the county use ground water.
Springs
No
Although dug and bored wells are a common source of water in th~ rural
areas, fewer wells of these types are found in Granville County than in any
of the other counties in the area of investigation. The rocks of the meta-
volcanic and Triassic units are not generally weathered deeply. Consequently,
the weathered material overlying these rocks is not deep enough to insure an
adequate supply of water through the drier seasons. Most of the rocks in the
county weather to produce a relatively impermeable clay soil. Dug and bored
wells in the county range in depth from 15 to 35 feet and average less than
5 gpm.
Records of 154 wells are presented below in table 19. Comparative yields
and depths are shown below for 149 of the wells in table J.B.
The average yield of 10 gpm for the i49 wells is 50 percent less than the
average yield of all wells in the Raleigh area. Wells in the rocks of the
argillite-graywacke unit have the largest average yield. Although data on
only two wells in this unit were used in compilation of the comparative table,
the average yield of 21 gpm does not appear to be greater than what can be
expected, because water moves readily along the well-developed cleavage
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'!'able 18. --S,unmo.ry of data on wells in Granville County
ACCORDING TO ROCK TYPE
Nwnber Average Yield (gEm) Percent of Map wells of depth Per foot Unit wells (feet) Range Average of well yielding l gpm
or less
Mica Gneiss 6 136 0.5-30 11 0.08 17 Greens tone 3 89 .5-12 4 .04 Argillite-
Graywacke 2 85 12-30 21 .25 Meta-
volcanic
Sequence 83 82 • 5-30 8 .10 1.2 Granodiori te 26 75 2-60 14 .19 0 Gabbro 2 70 10-12 11 .16 Triassic
rocks 27 141 0-25 9 • 06 22 All wells 149 94 0-60 10 .11 6.0
ACCORDING TO TOPOGRAPHIC LOCATION
Hill 46 98 0.5-25 8 0.08 6.1 Flat 41 82 2-20 10 .12 0 Slope 50 101 .5-30 9 • 09 4.0 Draw 12 87 0-60 16 .18 1.1
structure in the rocks. In contrast, water moves slowly through the Triassic rocks because the only secondary openings are poorly developed widely spaced joints and fracture zones near diabase dikes. Primary openings in the sedimentary beds have been made smaller by compaction and cementation. The averi,.ge yield per foot of well for wells in Triassic rocks in Granville County is 0.06 gpm. According to table 18, only greenstone yields less water-Con-sidering the extent to which structural features are developed in greenstone, the average yield per foot of well of 0.01 gpm for three wells appears to be considerably less than what might be shown if more data were available.
Adequate domestic supplies of water can be obtained from drilled wells in most of the rock types. Wells should be located where ground-water con-ditions appear GO be most favorable, especially in areas underlain by Triassic rocks. Wells located in draws generally yield more water than wells at other topographic locations. Other features indicative of favorable ground-water conditions include quartz veins in th~ metavolcanic unit, and diabase dikes in Triassic rocks.
Analyses of 14 water samples from selected wells in the county are given in table 12. Fifty percent of the ground water analyzed from Granville County was a calciwn-bicarbonate type. Seventy-nine percent contained less than 0.3 ppm iron. Thirty-six percent of the samples were hard to very hard. Ground water in the county is suitable for most domestic, municipal, and industrial uses.
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COUNrY DF,SCRIPrIONS
Water from mica gneiss is of good quality, usually soft and containing
relatively small amounts of dissolved solids. The chemical quality of water
in the rocks of the metavolcanic unit is not uniform. Seven samples analyzed
ranged in hardness from 9 to 254 ppm (from soft to very hard water). Iron
content ranged from 0.03 to 3.2 ppm; two srunples had concentrations greater
than 3.0 ppm. Commercial fertilizers used on agricultural land are probably
the source of the high nitrate and chloride concentrations in some of the
samples. Water from granodiorite is generally of good quality for domestic
use. Only two water samples from Triassic rocks were analyzed. Both samples
were of very good chemical quality.
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STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
CLASSIFICATIONS AND WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
ASSIGNED TO
THE WATERS OF THE TAR-PAMLICO RIVER BASIN
DIVISION OF ENVIRONMENI'AL MANAGEHENI'
RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA
Reprint from North Carolina Administrative Code: 15 NCAC 2B .0316
Current through September I, 1981
Ref. 10 ,
-i-
NRCD -ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2B .0300
.0301 CLASSIFICATIONS; GENERAL
(a) Schedule of Classifications. The classifications assigned
to the waters of the State of North Carolina are set forth in the
schedules of classifications and water quality standards assigned
to the waters of the river basins of North Carolina, 15 NCAC 2B
.0302 to .0317. These classifications are based upon the existing
or contemplated best usage of the various streams and segments of
streams in the basin, as determined through studies and
evaluations and the holding of public hearings for consideration
of the classifications proposed.
(b) Stream Names. The names of the streams listed in the
schedules of assigned classifications were taken as far as
possible from united 'states Geological Survey topographic maps.
Where topographic maps were unavailable, U.S. Corps of Engineers
maps, U.S. Department of Agriculture soil maps, and North Carolina
highway maps were used for the selection of stream names.
(c) Classifications. The classifications assigned to the
waters of North Carolina are denoted by the letters A-I, A-II, B,
C, SA, SB, and SC in the column headed "class." These class
designations refer to the classifications established by the
Rules, Regulations, Classifications and Water Quality Standards
Applicable to the Surface Waters of North Carolina, as adopted by
the North Carolina Board of Water and Air Resources on October 13,
1970, and approved by the Environmental Protection Agency on
January 20, 1971. A brief explanation of the "best usage" for
which the waters in each class must be protected is given as
follows:
Fresh Waters
Class A-1:
Class A-II:
Class B:
Class C:
Tidal Salt Waters
source of water supply for drinking, culinary,
or food processing purposes after treatment by
approved disinfection only, and any other usage
requiring waters of lower quality;
source of water supply for drinking, culinary, or
food processing purposes after approved
treatment equal to coagulation, sedimentation,
filtration, and disinfection, etc., and any other
usage specified by the "C" classification;
primary recreation and any other usage specified
by the "C" classification;
fish and wildlife propagation, secondary
recreation, agriculture and other
uses requiring waters of lower quality.
Class SA: shellfishing for market purposes and any other
usage specified by the "SB" and "SC"
classification;
Class SB: primary recreation and any other usage specified
by the "SC" classification;
Class SC: fish and wildlife propagation, secondary
recreation, and other uses requiring waters of
lower quality.
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(d) Water Quality Standards. The water quality standards
applicable to each classification assigned are those established
in 15 NCAC 2B .0200, Classifications and Water Quality Standards
Applicable to the Surface Waters of North Carolina, as adopted by
the North Carolina Environmental Management Commission.
(e) Designation
(1) Trout Waters. Those streams suitable for the
propagation of natural trout and those suitable for
the maintenance of trout when stocked by the North
Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission are designated
in the appropriate columm in the schedule of
classifications by the letters "Tr. 11
(2) Swamp Waters. Those waters which are topographically
located so as to generally have low velocities and
certain other characteristics which are different from
adjacent streams draining steeper topography are
designated by the letters "Sw" in the schedule.
(fl Index Number
(1) Reading the Index Number. The index number appearing
in the column so designated is an identification
number assigned to each stream or segment of a stream,·
indicating the specific tributary progression between
the main stem stream and the tributary stream.
(2) Cross-Referencing the Index Number. The inclusion of
the index nmber in the Schedule is to provide an
adequate cross reference between the classification
schedules and an alphabetic list of streams.
(g) Classification Date. The classification date indicates the
date on which enforcement of the provisions of Section 143-215.1
of the General Statutes of North Carolina became effective with
reference to the classification assigned to the various streams
in North Carolina.
( h) Reference. Copies of the schedules of classifications
adopted and assigned to the waters of the various river basins
may be obtained at no charge by writing to:
Director
Division of Environmental Management
Department of Natural Resources
and Community Development
Post Office Box 27687
Raleigh, North Carolina 27611
History Note: Statutory Authority G'.S. 143-214.1;
143-215.1; 143-215.3.(a)(l);
Eff. February 1, 1976;
Amended Eff. September 9, 1979; November 1,
1978; March 1, 1977.
Note: Nutrient Sensitive Waters: Waters which are experiencing
or are subject to excessive growths of microscopic or
macroscopic vegetation or which are tributary to such
waters. (Nitrogen and phosphorus are the usually
controlled nutrients but other parameters may be
restricted.) They are designated in the schedule of
classifications by the letters "NSW".
(
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NR&CD -ENVJIIONMENTAL MANAGEMENT T.1 S: 07.13 . 0:()()
SECTION .0]00 -ASSTGNMEN'r OF STREAM CLASSTFirAT[nNs
.031G TAR-PAMLiro RIVER BASIN
(a) Schedule of Classifications. The classifications assigned
to the waters within the Tar-Pamlico River Basin are set forth ln
the Schedule of Classifications and Water Ouality Standards
Assigned to the Waters of the Tar-Pamlico River Rasin, which is
on file in the Office of the Attorney Gener~l of North Carolina.
(b) Places where the scl1edule may be obtained:
Director
Division of Environmental Man~gemcnt
Department of Natural Resources
and Community Development
Post Office Box 27G87
Raleigh, North Carolina 7.7GJJ
(c) Places where the schedule may be inspected:
(1) Clerk of Court:
Beaufort County
Dare County
Edgecombe County
Franklin County
Granville County
Halifax County
Hyde County
Martin County
Nash County
Pamlico County
Person County
Pitt County
Vance County
Warren County
Washington County
Wilson County
(2) North Carolina Dep,Htment of Natural
Resources and Community Development:
(A) Raleigh Regional Office
3800 Barrett Drive
Tlaleigh, North Carolina
(8) Washington Regional Office
J.502 North Market Street
Washington, North Carolina
(3) Division of State Library
Archives --State Library Building
109 E. Jones Street
Raleigh, North Carolina
(d) Unnamed Streams. Any stream which is not nae1ed in th 0
schedule of classifications carries the same classificAtion as
that assigned to the stre;,rn or segment th,,reof to which it is
tributary, unless otherwise indic;,ted in the schedule of
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NR&CD -ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEME~•r TJS: O;>R .n~oo
classifications. All drainage ranals not noted in the scl1edulr
are classified ''C Sw,11 exc~pt the mAin dr~inage c~nals t(> P~!J].ico
Sound and its bays which will he classified "SC."
(e) Reading the Index Numbers. The index number appearing in
the column so designated is an identification number nssigned to
each stream or segment of □ stream, indicating the specific
tributary progression between the main stem stream and the
tirbutary stream. For example, Long Creek is assigned index
number 28-17-3; Long Creek is tributary to Tabbs Creek to which
index number 7.P.-J7 is assigned; Tabbs Creek is tributary to Tar
River which is assigned index number 28. Num!,ers <1ppenring in
parenthesis indicate the position of the upstrenm boundary of the
stream segment, e.g., the segment of Tar River with its upstream
boundary between Long Branch, index number 28-15, and Jacob
Branch, index number 28-37, is therefore assigned index number
28-(36).
(f) The Tar-Pamlico River Basin Schedule of Classification and
Water Quality Standards was amended effective:
(1) March J, 1977;
(2) November 1, 1978;
(3) June 8, J.980.
History Note: Statutory Authority G.S. J43-2l4.J;
143-215.J; 143-215.l(a)(J);
Eff. February 1, 197~;
Amended Eff. Jun<> <i, J980; November J, JQ,P;
March l, 1977.
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N!{ClJ -EN\'f IWNMF:NTAI. MANAC.EMENT
.0316 TAR-PAMLICO RIVER BASIN
Name of Stream
TAR RIVER ( including upper
portion of the City of
Rocky Mount Reservoir below
elevation 130 feet MSL)
Crooked Run
Cub Creek
Shelton Creek
Fox Creek
North Fork Tar River
Owen Creek
Jackson Creek
Cattail Creek
Bollens Creek
Boulding Creek
Johnson Creek
Aycock Creek
Fishing Creek
Foundry Branch
Hachers Run (Devin Lake)
Hachers Run
Coon Creek
JOrdan Creek
Sand Creek
Gibbs Creek
Big Branch
Fork Creek
Middle Creek
Taylors Creek
Sally Kearney Creek
(Old Franklinton Lake)
Sally Kearney Creek
Description
From source to Nash County SR 1933
From source to Tar River
From source to Tar River.
From source to Tar River
From source to Shelton Creek
From source to Tar River
From source to Tar River
From source to Tar River
From source to Tar River
From source to Tar River
From source to Bollens Creek
From source to·Tar River
From source to Johnson Creek
From source to Tar River
From source to Fishing Creek
From source to dam at Devin Lake
From dam at Oevin Lake to Fishing
Creek
From source to r{Bhing C~eek
From source to Coon Creek
From source to.Tar River
From source to Tar River
From source to Gibbs Creek
From source to Tar River
Class
A-II
A-II
A-II
A-II
A-II
A-II
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
A-II
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
From source to Tar River C
From source to Tar River C
From source to dam at Old Franklinton A-II
Lake
From dam at Old Franklinton Lake to
Taylors Creek
C
HcGees Creek
_Tabbs Creek
C
C
Poplar Creek From source to T_abba, Creek C
Ruin Creek (L. Marguerite) From Source to dam et Lake Marguerite B
From source to Taylors Creek
From source to Tar River
Ruin Creek From dam et Lake Marguerite to Tebbe
Creek
Red Bud Creek
Joes Branch
Litt le Creek·
Little Ruin Creek
Long Creek
Mill·Creek (South Lake)
Buffalo Creek (North Side
Tar River)
Little Buffalo Creek
Kings Creek
Billys Creek
Lynch Creek
Gills Little Mill creek
Eaves Creek
Tooles Creek
Giles Creek
Buffalo Creek (South Side
Tar River)
Bear Swamp Creek
Coale Creek
Neal Gut
From source to Ruin Creek
From source to Ruin Creek
From source to Ruin Creek
From source to Ruin Creek
From source to Tebbe Creek
From source to Long Creek
From source to Tar River
From source to Buffalo Creek
From source to Tar River
From source to Tar River
From source to Tar -Rtver
From source to Lynch Creek
From source to Lynch Creek
From source to Lynch Creek
From source to Tooles Creek
From source to Tar River
From source to Tar River
From source to Tar River
From source to Coale Creek
C
C
C
C ·c
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C c
C
C
C
C
C
Classification
Date
6/6/62
6/6/62
6/6/62
6/6/62
6/6/62
6/6/62
9/1/74
9/1/74
7/1/73
9/1/74
9/1/74
9/1/74
9/1/74
3/1/77 .
3/1/77
6/6/62
9/1/74
9/1/74
9/1/74
9/1/74
7 I 1 /73
9/1/74
9/1/74
7/1/73
7/1/73
6/6/62 ·
9/1/74
9 / 1 / 74
6/6/62
9/1/74
9/1/74
9/1/74
9/1/74
9/1/74
9/.1/74
9/1/74
7 /1/73
7/1/73
9/1/74
9/1/74
9/1/74
9/1/74
7/1/73
9/1/74
9/1/74
9 / 1 / 74
9/1/74
6/6/62
9/1/74
9 / 1 / 74
9/1/74
Index No.
28-(1)
28-2
28-3
28-4
28-4-·1
28-5
28-6
28-7
· 28-8
28-9
28-9-1
28-10
28-10-1
28-11 .
28-11-2
28-11-3-(1)
28-11-3-( 2)
. 28-·11~5
28-11-5-1
28-12
28-13
28-13-1
28-14
28-15
28-16
28-16-1-(1)
28-16-1-(2)
28-16-2
28-17
28-17-1
28-17-2-(1)
28-17-2-(2)
28-17-2-3
28-17-2-4
28-17-2-5
28-17-2-6
28-17-3
28-17-3-1
28-18
28-18-1
28-19
28-20
28-21
28-21-1
28-21-2
28-21-3
28-21-3-1
28-22
28-23
28-24
28-24-1
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Ref. ~asmc Elements of
Ground-Wat~r Hydrology,
w~h Reference· to :Conditions
North Carolina C, an
U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
Vv ATER RESOURCES INVESTIGATIONS
OPEN-FILE REPORT 80-44
Prepared in cooperation with the
North Carolina Department of Natural
Resources and Community Development
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Rock Units and Aquifers
· in the Piedmont and Mountains
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BTDUlG!XILOCIC U!i!TS
F:J7-'I ILt'! l.t:x;t-U,~Ell PllDlt'.)N! ltl.t ~ Ch'LlSS-SlE!S.
IZZJ Wt2Mrtxssi:cr m.'.r
MF ~t-1 U:SIC(Subuni.c)
~ ~(S~un1t)
~ T'RL\SSIC V.SIRS
. ~ '!llXSSIC
The rocks underlying the Piedmont and
mountains can be divided into two groups:
(I) bedrock, and (2) saprolite (or residuum).
The saprolite underlies the land surface and
ranges in thickness from a foot o.r two near
bedrock outcrops to more than 100 ft. Bedrock
underlies the saprolite and. is the parent rock
from which the saprolite was derived in the
process referred to as weathering.
Many stream valleys, especially those of
larger streams, are underlain by a layer of
material similar in composition to saprolite.
This material, which has been deposited by the
streams during floods, is correctly referred to
as alluvium. However, to avoid unnecessary
complications, we will lump the· alluvium in
. with the saprolite for the purpose of this
discussion.
The bedrock underlying the Piedmont and
mountains consists of many diffe'rent types of
igneous and metamorphosed igneous and
sedimentary rocks. The Generalized Geologi-
cal Map of North Carolina accompanying the
discussion of WATER-BEARING ROCKS
divides the bedrock in the Piedmont and
•
26
• •
•
'
mou:1tains into six units. The 1:500,000 scale
Geologic Map of North Carolina, published in
1958, divides the bedrock in the same area into.
48 different units. But, a much larger number of
units have been identified and are shown on
large scale geologic maps.
The bedrock units differ from each other in
mineral composition and other geologic
charact!lristics. Fortunately, these differences
do not result in large differences in hydraulic
characteristics so that it is possible to combine
the bedrock units into a relatively small number
of hydrogeologic units.
The accompanying map shows the hydro-
geologic units into which the bedrock in the
Piedmont and mountains has been divided by·
the U.S. Geological Survey and the North
Carolina Groundwater Section.
The most productive hydrogeologic units
are the Great Smoky Mountain belt and the
Blue Ridge-Inner Piedmont belt. The least
productive units are the Carolina Slate Belt and ·
the Triassic Basins. The Charlotte Belt is
intermediate in productivity.
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Ground-Water Situation
in the Piedmont and Mountains
The saprolite (weathered rock) that forms
the land surface in the Piedmont and
mountains consists of unconsolidated granu-
lar material. It thus contains water in the pore
spaces between rock particles,
The bedrock, on the other hand, does not
have any significant intergranular .(primary)
porosity, It contains water, instead, in sheet-
like openings formed along fractures (that is,
breaks in the otherwise "solid" rock). Fractures
in bedrock are of two types: (1) joints, which
are breaks along which there has been no
differential movement; and (2) faults, which are
breaks along which the adjacent rocks have
undergone differential movement.
Faults are formed during earthquakes and
generally contain larger and more extensive
openings than those developed along joints.
Joints, however. are far more numerous than
faults.
Fractures (joints and faults) are more
abundant under valleys, draws, and other
surface depressions than under hills. In fact,
27
geologists assume that it is the presence of
fractures that determined the position of
valleys in the first place. Fractures tend to be
more closely-spaced and the openings
developed along them tend to be larger near
the surface of the bedrock. Most fractures
appear to be non water-bearing below a depth
of 300 to 400 ft. Large water-bearing openings,
penetrated below this depth are probably
associated with faults. ·
The ground-water system in the Piedmont
and mountains is recharged by precipitation
on the interstream areas. A part of the
precipitation infiltrates through the unsatu-
rated zone to the water table, which normally
occurs in the saprolite.
Ground water moves laterally and downward
through the saprolite to points of ground-
water seepage (springs) on the hillsides and to
the streams in the adjacent valleys. Some of the
water in the saprolite also moves downward
into the bedrock and, thereafter, through the
f_ractures to the adjacent valleys.
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GROUND WATER IN THE RALEIGH AREA
the hydrostatic pressure in the aquifer at the point where entered by the well. The level at which the water stands in the well coincides with an imaginary surface known as the piezometric, or pressure surface of the aquifer and if that surface is above the land surface water will flow fran the well." In crystalline rocks, such as underlie most of the Raleigh area, water occurs under artesian conditions in inclined sheared, fractured, or intruded zones that are bordered by less permeable rock. The static water level is above ground surface in only two or three of the wells checked during this investigation. Well 24 in Franklin County penetrated a fractured, coarse-grained intrusive which outcrops on a hill about 50 yards from the well. The static water level in this well is about l foot above ground surface. Water percolating along fractures in the intruded zone is confined by less permeable border zones, hence the permeable zone, at the point pene-trated by the well, contains water under hydrostatic pressure great enough to force the water in the well above ground surface.
Zone of aeration
Figure 16.--Diagrammatic section illustrating relation of water table to topography.
Over a period of years recharge and discharge to the ground-water table balances, so no permanent rise or decline occurs. Seven hydrographs were selected for presentation in this report and are shown in figure 17. These particular wells were selected because they show water-table fluctuations at different locations throughout the area, they are located in different rock units, and because the water level in these wells is particularly sensitive to precipitation changes.
Certain general trends are reflected in the hydrographs that are common throughout the area of investigation. The most obvious is a general decline of the water levels through the summer, with the lowest point occurring in the late summer or early autumn. Recharge is relatively fast during the colder months when precipitation occurs generally as gentle, steady rains. Small fluctuations are caused by especially heavy rains or by above normal precipitation over a period of a month.
The movement of water through crystalline rocks in this area is generally slower than through unconsolidated sediments. A considerable time lag in water-table response to precipitation increases is reflected in the hydrograph
-38 -
NORTH ·CAROLINA ATLAS
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PUBLIC HEALTH LIBRARY
DIVISION' OF HEALTH SERVICES
P. 0. BOX 2091
RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA 27602
Edited by JAMES W. CLAY
DOUGLAS M. ORR, JR
ALFRED W. STUART
Forewo-d by JAMES E. HOLSHOUSER, JR.
The University of North Carolina Press • Oiapel Hill
""CJ
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-
Figure 6.2. Average January Temperatu;es In N.C.
Degrees Fahrenheit
48 and above
46-48
44-46
42-44
40-42
36-40
below36
SourCe: U.S. Department of Commerce, Weather and Climate in North Carolina, 19n.
Figure 5.3. Mean Maximum Temperature In N.C.
JANUARY
Degrees Fahrenheit
68andabove
64-68
::,::, 46-50
. ' ' 42-46
below42
Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, WBBther and Climate In North Carolina, 1972. --------- - - -
Seasonal Changes In Climate
Winter The alternate passage of low-and high-
pressure systems over the state during winter monlhs
results in changing weather conditions. Moisture and
warmer temperatures are characteristically associated
with frequently passing low-pressure cells. Lows are
followed by polar highs, which bring lower temperatures
and clear skies. However, even when under the influence
of these polar highs, temperatures seldom fall below 10°
F., and midday temperatures reach into the forties,
making the winter season very tolerable by northern
standards.
January average temperatures shown in Figure 5.2
illustrate the mildness of winters. Only at the highest
elevations do temperatures average below freezing. The
mean temperature for January at Mount Mitchell is 28. 7°
F., the lowest in the state. Yet, al Asheville, located on the
lee side of the mountains, temperatures for January
average 39.4° F.
Nowhere else in North Carolina is the local contrast in
temperatures as great as in the western counties.
Temperature contrasts are least where the climate is
mildest. Hatteras, on the Outer B~nks, has a January
mean of 48.0° F., and only thirteen days each year when
temperatures of 32° F. and below are recorded.
The tendency for January isotherms to parallel the coast
shows the influence of the Atlantic Ocean. Wilmington, in
southeastern North Carolina, the most subtropical area in
the state, exemplifies the maritime effect. This coastal
city has a January mean temperature of 47.8° F., and an
average of only eight days during January when
temperatures dip to 32° F. or less. as compared with
eighteen days at Raleigh and nineteen at Asheville.
In the Piedmont, latitude is the primary control on
temperature, and the isotherms maintain a zonal pattern.
As might be expected, temperature averages lie be-
tween those exhibited by the surrounding regions.
Charlotte has a mean January temperature of 42.3° F.,
Greensboro, 39.0° F., and Raleigh, 42. 7° F.
However, whereas Asheville averages eighty-three days
each year when temperatures drop below freezing,
Winston-Salem has freezing temperatures eighty-eight
days annually, and Greensboro has eighty-four days wilh
freezing temperatures.
- -- - - --
When high-pressure systems (anticyclones) dominate,
clear to partly cloudy weather prevails. Receiving, on the
average, 50 lo 60 percent oflotal possible sunshine, North
Carolina receives more hours of winier sunshine than do
slates lo the north and to the immediate west. Sunshine is
more prevalent in the southeast around Wilmington, and
diminishes rapidly as lhe Mountains are approached. The
Mountains receive about one-third less sunshine than
does the rest of North Carolina.
Spring· For many North Carolinians, this season is lhe
most preferable of alL With lhe northward shifting of lhe
noon sun, the storm track normal to North Carolina during
the winier retreats northward and fewer and fewer cy-
clonic storms occur. Cold spells are less numerous and
periods of high temperatures and balmy days become
longer and more pronounced. Rainfall diminishes slightly
in April, bul increases Iowa rd the summer as cyclonic ac-
tivity gives way to thundershowers and their heavy down-
pours. Although more precipitation is received in lhe state
during May and June, there are fewer hours and days in·
which rainfall occurs, indicating a higher precipitation in-
tensity.
Mean temperatures range fro[ll lhe fifties in April to the
seventies in June for all places save those al high eleva-
tions. The days are marked by cool nights and warm after-
noons with relative humidities al optimal levels for human
comlort. As the daylight period lengthens, sunshine per-
centages and totals increase lo !heir highest values for lhe
year. For the eastern two-thirds of the state, sunshine dur-
ing April, May, and June is received approximately 70
percent of the lime and in amounts exceeding three
hundred hours for the latter part of the season.
Average Date of the Last Freeze In Spring As illus-
trated by Figure 5.8, the beginning of the freeze-free sea-
son varies across lhe state from 1 March to 10 May, a dif-
lerence in time of over two months. As expected, the
milder climate along North Carolina's coast engenders
early dales, whereas the more severe climate of the Moun-
tains retards the start of the freeze-free period longer than
elsewhere. In most areas of the Coastal Plain, the last
spring freeze generally occurs by the first of April. The
Piedmont has its last freezes between 1 and 10 April,
about ten to fifteen days later than the Coastal Plain. In the
Mountains, there is greater variation in mean dates for
both the beginning and the end of the freeze season. Be-
cause air chills more quickly at higher elevations, and
because cold air is denser than warm air, the cold air
drains into the valleys where ii is contained and continues
to lose heal by radiation. The result of !his process is Iha!
. in certain Mountain areas some valleys are more often
colder than their slopes at intermediate altitudes. Lying
between the below-freezing temperatures of the valleys
and the higher elevations are "verdant" or "thermal" bells. - --·--- --
I . Figure 6.7; Average Annual Snowfall In N,C.
Number of Inches
more than 10
8-10
6-8
4-6
2-4
less than 2
Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Climatolog;cal Summary, 1966.
Figure 6.8. Average Date of Last Freezing Temperature In N.C.
after May 11
May 1-May 11
Apr. 21-May 1
Apr. 11-Apr. 21
Apr. 1-Apr, 11
Mar. 22-Apr. 1
Mar. 12-Mar. 22
before Mar. 12
SoUrce: U.S. Department of. Commerce, WeathtJr and Climat11 in North Carolina, 19n.
- - --- -- - --.,.
-
Figure 6.9. Average July Temperature In N.C.
Degrees Fahrenheit
BO end above
78-80
76-78
72-76
68-72
below68
Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Weather and Climate in North Carolina, 1972.
Figure 5.10. Mean Maximum July Temperature In N.C.
Degrees Fahrenheit
92and above
90-92
, : 84-86
82-84
80-82
below BO
Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Weather and Climate in North Carolina, 19n.
- ------ - - --
These strip-like regions have longer freeze-free seasons
and thereby show earlier dates for the end of the freeze
period than their surroundings. They support lrosl-
susceplible vegelalion long after Iha greenery has
disappeared in nearby areas. Oflen in early winier Of
even in midwinter a contrasting bell of green flanked
above and below by brciwn may be seen. These green
bells are characteristically localed along slopes lhal
face the winter sun, are prolected from cold northern
winds, and have cold air drainage to lower valleys. The
blossoming of dogwood and redbud moves across the
slate in a pallern similar to that of lhe end of lhe freeze
season to blankel Norlh Carolina with color and beauly.
Summer Summer is characterized by ils high lempera-
tures, high humidilies, high amounls of rainfall, and high
physiological slress. Except for the amelioralion of lhese
climatic elements in the Mountains, and the relief
afforded by sea breezes along lhe coasl, elsewhere in
the slale summer is a season ol extremes. Mean monlhly
minimum temperatures for July and August are in the
upper seventies and eighties and mean maximum
temperatures reach into lhe ninelies.
However, lo quole a popular adage, "il's nol lhe heat but
the humidily," and Norlh Carolina's lemperatures in
combinalion with lhe high waler vapor amounls preva-
lent during the summer monlhs are definilely uncomforl-
able. In addilion, high sunshine percenlages and a
predominance of soulherly winds tend to aggravale an
already unpleasant climalic condilion. Only lhe periodic
passage of cool, dry air masses from lhe norlh and sea
breezes in the coaslal areas alleviate the discomforl of
summer wealher for North Carolina's low-lying counlies.
July Average Temperatures The paltern of mean
lemperatures in July is similar lo lhe pallern in January
{Figure 5.9). However, in lhe Piedmonl and Coaslal
Plain, isolherms are fewer in number and farther apart. In
the Mountains, lhe reverse is lrue. The widespread
isotherms east of lhe Mounlains indicate that lempera-
ture averages across central and eastern Norlh Carolina
exhibit liltle conlrasl. From the western Piedmont lo lhe
coasl, the difference in mean lemperalures is only 4' F.
Allhough lhe influence of lhe ocean is nol evident in lhe
arrangemenl of isolherms, lhe high temperatures of lhe
Coastal Plain are made less severe by lhe cooling power
of the sea breeze. Halteras, on the Ouler Banks, records
a lemperalure ol 90' F. on lhe average of only one day
each year, while Wilminglon, a short dislance from lhe
coasl, has an occurrence of 90' F. temperatures aboul
twenty-four days annually. In contrast wilh these loca-
tions, Raleigh and Winston-Salem mean temperatures for
July are slightly lower, but the average number of (jays
on which a tempera lure of 90' F. or above is experienced
iilillises -re th-ty. ----
Autumn is the driest season of the year and rainfall
amounts drop below 3 inches throughout central and
eastern North Carolina during October and November.
Cyclonic activity increases as thunderstorms become
less frequent until by late November they seldom oc.,cur.
As illustrated in Figure 5.14, freezes·begin early in
October in the Mountains and slowly move eastward
toward the coast. In early December, the freeze-free
season reluctantly comes lo a close in the Wilmington-
Southport area. Deciduous trees begin their dormancy
period and the color of the state gradually changes from
the quiet greens of summer to the fiery reds and brilliant
yellows of fall. By late autumn the highlands, now a
mottled brown and green, show an occasional sprinkling
of white as temperatures· in the Mountains fall below
freezing and the possibility of snow increases. However,
in the Piedmont and Coastal Plain, tennis, sailing, and
picnicking, for example, continue into November and
football games played late in the season are often
attended by fans dressed in warm-season attire.
Annual Precipitation and Humidity
Although a considerable vari~lion in the distribution of
rainfall exists throughout the state, everywhere precipita-
tion is high (Figure 5.15). In the Coastal Plain, rainfall
totals average from 44 to 55 inches; the highest amounts
were received at the Outer Banks. Across the Piedmont,
yearly rainfall averages range from 43 to 48 inches, with
the northern and southern sectors having the lower totals.
The greatest variability in rainfall distribution is found in
the Mountains. Here, south-facing slopes along the North
Carolina-South Carolina border receive as much as 80
inches of precipitation each year. Nearby, Asheville,
lying in a sheltered valley, records only 37 inches, the
lowest rainfall average reported in the stale. More
commonly, average annual precipitation in the Moun-
tains ranges from 44 to 58 inches. For the stale as a
whole, an average total of 50 inches is representative.
The distribution of rainfall throughout the year is reason-
ably uniform. Although there are no pronounced wet and
dry seasons, a profile of average annual precipitation
. indicates a bimodal distribution, i.e., two periods of
higher rai nfal I separated by two periods du ring the year
when rainfall amounts are lower than the norm. Gener-
ally, the highest precipitation totals are associated with
the summer months. In the fall, the season of the least
rainfall, the lowest yearly totals usually occur in October
or November. Precipitation increases slightly during the
winter season and then decreases to a secondary low In
. April. This precipitation regime is common to the slate
and varies only slightly from place to place.
_Figura&. 1s; Average Annual Precipitation In N.C.
Number of Inches
SO and nbova
72-80
64-72
56-64
52-56
·•,•, ·, 48-52
44-48
below44
Sourc~: ~.S. Department of Commerce, Weather and Climate In North Carolina, 19n.
Although rainfall is heaviest in the summer, evaporation
and transpiration losses are also great. Consequently,
the summer season Is deficient in its supply of soil
moisture and irrigation may be required to sustain crop
needs.
Although it is considered to be a wet state, North.
Carolina nevertheless has its occasional "bout with
drought." Recently, the Piedmont and Inner Coastal Plain
suffered through an especially severe drought. In 1968,
negative rainfall departures amounting to as much as 26
inches were computed by individual stations within this
area. On the other hand, 1972 proved to be an abnor-
mally wet year. During that year, Raleigh, which has an
average annual precipitation of 46.35 inches, experi-
enced a total rainfall of 51.74 inches. Raleigh's weather
records may be used to illustrate the variations in yearly
precipitation amounts. In the capital city, annual totals
have var.ied from a low of 30 Inches in 1933 to a high of
64 inches in 1936. On a monthly basis, rainfall variation
for July has ranged from 12.36 Inches In 1931 lo as little
as 0.38 inches in 1953. Yet precipitation variability In
North Carolina Is moderate compared with those stales
where rainfall totals are significantly less and conse-
quently. precipitation patterns and regimes are more
unpredictable.
Average Number ol Days with 0.01 Inches ol
PraclpltaUon or Mora Figure 5.16 shows the pattern of
days with measurable precipitation In North Carolina.
The Mountains have the greatest number of days with
measurable precipitation, averaging 10 lo 20 more rainy
days per year than the coast and 20 to 30 days more than
the southern Piedmont. In the northwest corner of the
state precipitation occurs 4 out of every 10 days. By
contrast. the sandhills in the Southern Piedmont experi-
ences precipitation on only 30 percent of the days. In
fact, a "tongue" of fewer rainy days penetrates the state
from south to north, through North Carolina's central
counties. For the state as a whole, 125 days with
measurable precipitation is a representative figure.
· Water Balance
· The "wetness" or "dryness" of any region is mirrored by
its natural vegetation. Indigenous plant life is an indi-
cator of a region's precipitation effectiveness and its
capacity lo support plant growth. The minimal moisture
requirements of plant communities are quite specific,
and in situ vegetation reflects the amounts of water
annually and seasonally available for Its use. As the size
of a bank account depends upon the balance between
deposits and withdrawals, so precipitation effectiveness -- -- - - - ----- - -- - ---
____ ,,_,,,..,.. U'(Ut::'I,
Figure 5. 18 provides the water balance deficits for the slate and shows that everywhere except for the·Asheville area and the northern Piedmont, the annual water deficil is less than one inch. By contrast, Figure 5.19 gives water balance surpluses. Being a wet stale, North Carolina's waler budget indicates surpluses exceeding delicils by large amounts. While most of lhe Piedmont and Coaslal Plain have surplus waler up to 15 inches, the Outer Banks and the Mountains show surpluses above 15 inches: In the southwest corner of the state, water s_urpluses amount lo as much as 30 inches.
Mean annual evaporation for North Carolina is shown in Figure 5.20. Evaporation rates and totals are related to temperature, wind velocity, and relalive humidity. Where temperatures are highest and humidities lowest, evapo-ration intensities will be greatest. Since temperatures throughout the Coastal Plain and the Piedmont are highest for the slate and since humidity percentages are greater in the.vicinity of the ocean, evaporation totals are lower in the Mountains and along the coast, and highest in the southern Piedmont and Coastal Plain .. A compari-son of the maps showing precipitation, evaporation, water surplus, and water deficit will provide the reader with a fairly complete picture of North Carolina's water balance.·
Winds and Storms
Three types of storms and their associated winds are common to North Carolina: cyclonic and convectional thunderstorms. hurricanes, and tornadoes. These storms are integral parts of the state's climatic patlern. In · analyzing the importance of winds, direction and speed are m~jor considerations.
Although prevailing winds (winds that persist in blowing from one direction more so than any other) characterize given geographical areas, wind direction changes fre-quently. A northwesterly wind (coming lrom the _north-west) will be, relatively speaking, a cooling and drying wind, whereas a southeasterly wind wilt bring warm, moisl air to the state. The passage of cyclones and anlicyclones with their characteristic wind patterns will change the wind's direction so that it may come across North Carolina from any point of the compass.
m 1 inch and above D below 1 Inch
Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Clima'ric Summary of the U.S., 1972.
Figure 6.19. Water Balance Surplus In N.C_
Number of Inches
30and above
25-30
20-25
15·20
Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Climatic Summary of the U.S., 1972.
-
r,yure b.20. Mean Annual Evaporation In N.C.
Number of Inches
42andabova
40-4:Z---
32-34
below32
Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Climatic Summary of tha U.S., 19n.
.
The velocity of the wind is relevant to ventilation of air polfulants, evaporation rates, and thus cooling and chilling indexes. On those occasions when winds reach gale force and higher, their velocities are of singular importance because of their destructive capabilities. Damaging winds are usually associated with infrequent hurricanes and tornadoes and, al times, with severe thunderstorms.
The prevailing winds and mean wind speeds averaged for the year are given in Figure 5.21. For the eastern two-thirds of the stale, winds blow most frequently from the southwest and south. Throughout the Mountains and the western Piedmont, winds prevail from northerly directions. This annual pattern of prevailing winds persists for most months ol the year except September and October when winds are dominantly from the northeast. During these months, the clockwise flow of air from seasonal anticyclones lying poleward of North Carolina, and the counterclockwise winds associated with an increased number of offshore storms cause northeasterlies to prevail across the slate.
-----
Figure 6.21. Prevalllng Winds and Mean Annual
Wind Speed In N.C.
NE
Source: U.S. Oepanmon1 of Commerce, Climatic Summary of the
U.S., 1972.
Nole: Wind opeeda are noted In miles per hour.
Wind speeds have been averaged for each zone of
prevailing winds. Winds tend to diminish in speed
weslward from the coast where sea breezes and offshore
storms contribute to velocities that average twelve miles
per hour. Throughout lhe Inner Coastal Plain and the
Piedmont, the mean wind speed is nine miles per hour,
and in the western counties, representative wind speeds
are seven and eight miles per hour. On a daily basis,
wind velocities are lowest before dawn and highest
around midafternoon. Seasonally, winter, with greater
temperature and pressure conlrasts, shows the most
rapid air movement and summer is lhe lime of lowesl
wind speeds.
Thunderstorms Thunderstorms are vertically de-
veloped_ storm systems Iha! involve lightning and thun-
der. Produced by instability in the atmosph_ere, these
slorms are suslained by lhe conversion of waler vapor
into rain and hail, which causes the release of enormous
amounts of energy. This energy results in vigorous
updrafts of rapidly moving air. The intensity and turbu-
lence of an individual thunderstorm is related lo the
degree of atmospheric instability and the supply of latent
energy released by the condensing of water vapor. In
structure, the typical thunderstorm is a collection of
convecti~e cells each averaging a mile or more ·in
diameterI A cell is comprised of columns of rapidly
rising air separated and counterbalanced by downdrafts
of slower moving air. Associated with thunderstorms and
their bulbous facade are heavy downpours of rain, hail,
gusty and squally winds, and of course, lightning and
thunder. . --- ---
Because thunderstorm development and frequency is
enhanced by (1) atmospheric instability that Is linked to
high surface temperatures, (2) atmospheric moisture that
supplies the latent energy requirements, and (3) some
triggering device to start the convection process,
. lhunderslorms occur more frequenlly in regions ot warm
lemperatures and high humjdilies. North Carolina's
climate is conducive to lhunderstorm development and
the stale experiences violent local storms forty to fifty
days each year. For the United States, Florida and lhe
Gulf Coast lead in the number of days wilh thunder-
storms. Here, sevenly lo ninely days per year wilh
lhunderstorms is normal. In the northern states and along
lhe West Coast, thunderslorm aclivily drops off because
of colder lemperalures over land and coastal waters.
North Carolina's pattern of thunderslorm activity shows
tewesl slorms otf lhe norlheast coasl where coaslal
waters also are cooler. Inland, thunderstorms are more
frequent, Increasing to fifty days as the Mountains are
approached. In the Mounlains, the higher frequency of
storm activity (all types) and the triggering supplied by
mountain and frontal slopes results in the most thunder-
ous area to be found in the slate (Figure 5.22).
Hurricanes In lhe latter half of ttie year, the United
States is visited by hurricanes. Originating over tropical
oceans as small cyclones, under favorable conditions·
hurricanes become large, inlense storm systems. Their
winds exceed seventy-five miles per hour and spiral
counterclockwise around an "eye" of very tow pressure.
Sustained by the ocean thal breeds them, these storms
are driven by lhe heal released from condensing waler
vapor. Covering tens of lhousands of square miles,
hurricanes move slowly and deliberately, al speeds
between fifteen and fifty miles per hour, delivering
prodigious amounts of precipitation to areas over which
they pass. Moving out of the tropics, hurricanes of the
Allanlic Ocean generally invade the Gulf of Mexico, or
veer norlhward toward the middle latitudes, occasionally
penetrating lhe continent, or skirling the coastline as far
north as New England. Hurricanes are sea monsters and
diminish in intensity as they move inland and away from
their source of energy. Although capable of great
destruclion, hurricanes nevertheless benefit the soulh-
eastern slates to a subslantial degree. As the eastern
states are subject to periodic summer droughts, the vast
amounts of water delivered to this region by these giant
tropical storms have served more than once to alleviate
or terminate the disaslrous effects of drought conditions.
However, hurricanes are killer storms, and their long-
range benefits are obscured by the more obvious death,
destruction, and damage accompanying them. On the
average, t~e Atlantic Ocean generates six hurricanes a
I ' I
!
Figure 6.22. Averege Number of Deya with
Thunderstorms
Number of Days
BO and above
60-80
40-60
20-40
below al
Source: Glenn T. Trawartha, Arthur H. Robinson, and Edwin H.
Hammond, eds., Elements of Geography, 6th ed. tNew York:
McGraw•Hill Book Co .• 1967).
year, but as many as eleven in one year have been
observed. North Carolina has experienced twelve espe-
cially disastrous hurricanes since 1900. Cape Hatteras,
extending as it does into the ocean, is affected by
hurricanes more than any other area of North Carolina
(Figure 5.23). Its tow-lying sandy surface is especially
. vulnerable to the combined effects of high winds, high
tides, and flooding associated with these storms. -- - ----- -- ---
--'
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Sour'ce: Climatic Atlas of the United States, U.S. Department f Center. Ah 111 NC 1 7
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FIGUAE4
. MEAN ANNUAL LAKE EVAPORATION
(IN INCHES)
---
,,
.!
i
- -- - - -- -- --
Source: CliNCiC Atla9 of the United St~L••• U.S. 0-.:p&rt.-cnt of Con.erce, ~ation~l Cli-tic Center,
.._,.hv1lle. N.C •• 1979,
1 · FIGURE 5
- ---
/ ____ NORMAL ANNUAL TOTAL PRECIPITATION (INC_~ES)_:._·~'• -='=-.
~~·,i··~~-~·~~{~t::Jc:;~l?I
.1 year 24-hour rainfall m 3" ,; • •
J
~ 0 • • • • • • • • &
• .. , . 0 ..
•
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33
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8,;ll.l.Giia t,lvF-1 H
Fifth Edition, 1984
North Carolina State Government
Statistical Abstract
-North ·Carolina
Research and Planning Services
Office of State Budget and Jllanagement
•
I Table · 16
I
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I
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' I
t
County
State Total
Alamance
Alexander
Alleghany
Anson
Ashe
Avery
Beaufort
Bert le
Bladen
Brunswick
Buncombe
Burke
Cabarrus
Caldwel I
Camden
Carteret
Ceswel I
Catawba
Chatham
Cherokee
. Chowen
Clay
Cleveland
Col unt>us
Craven
Cumberland
Currituck
Oare
Davidson
Davie
Dupl In Durham
Edgecombe
Forsyth
Fronk I In
Gaston
Gates
Graham
Granvl I le
Greene
Gu II ford
Halifax
Harnett
Haywood
Henderson
·Hertford
Hoke
Hyde
lredel I
Jackson
Denslty<al
1960 1970 19BO
93 104 120
197 226 229
61 75 97 34 36 41 47 44 48 46 46 52
49 52 58 43 44 49 35 29 30 33 30 35 23 28 42
202 221 244 104 118 144
189 206 236 104 121 144
23 23 24
52 59 78 46 45 49 180 231 266 38 42 47
36 36 42
65 62 69 26 25 31 142 155 178 52 50 54 81 89 101
225 324 376 24 28 43 15 18 34 146 174 207 63 71 92
49 47 50 375 450 513 106 103 111 447 513 592
58 55 61
355 417 455 27 25 26 22 22 25 61 61 64 62 56 61
379 441 487 82 73 76
80 82 99 73 76 84 95 113 156
·64 69 66 50 42 52 9 9 9 106 126 144
36 44 53
PCPULATION DENSITY AND LAND AAEA BY COUNTY
1960, 1970 AND 1980
19BO
Land
Area
(Sq. Ml.) County
48,843
433 Johnston
259 Jones 234 Lee
533 Lenoir
426 Llncoln
247 McD011tel I 826 Mc,con
701 Madison
879 Mart In 861 Mecklenburg
659 Mitchel I 505 Montgomery
364 Moor-e
471 Nash
241 New Hanover
525 Northampton 427 Onslow 396 Crange 708 Peml lco 452 .Pasquotank
181 Pender 214 Perquimans 468 Person 939 Pitt 702 Polk .
657 Randolph 256 Rlchl!ond 391 Robeson 548 Rockingham 267 Rowan
819 Rutherford 298 Sampson 506 Scotland 412 Stan I y 494 Stokes
357 Surry 338 S11taln 289 Trensy lvenl e 534 Tyrrel I 266 Union
651 Vance
724 Wake 601 Warren 555 Wash lngton 375 WaTa.iga
356 Wayne 391 W II kes 624 WI Ison 574 Yadkin 490 Yancey
1960
79
24
104
141
94
61
29
38
56
502
63
38
48
111
370
50
114
108
29
11.2
22
35
66
107
49
77
82
94
122
160
BO
50
79
102
49
,0
16
43
11
70
129
196
44
40
55
148
59
155
68
45
Dens rty< al 19BO
Lend
Area 1970 1980 (Sq. Ml.)
77 89 795 21 21 470 119 142 259 138 149 402 110 142 29B
70 BO 437 31 39 517 36 37 451 54 56 46i 669 766 528
63 65 222 39 46 490 55 n 701 109 124 540 449 559 185
43 42 538 135 148 763 144 193 400 28 31 341 I 18 125 228
21 25 875 34 39 246 65 73 398 113 137 656 49 55 238
96 116 789 84 95 477 89 107 949 127 147 569 172 191 519
84 95 568 48 53 947 84 101 319 108 123 396 52 73 452
96 110 539 17 20 526 52 62 378 ·10 10 407 86 110 639
131 148 249 267 353 854 37 38 427 41 45 332 74 101 314
153 175 554 65 78 752 153 169 374 73 85 336 40 48 314
I
I
Ca) PopulaTlon per square mile of land area. 1980. Land l'lrea ca I cu I at Ions for 1960 and t 970 d If fer s 11 ght I y fran Those for
SOURCE: u.s. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. Office of State Budget and Management, Research and Plannlng Services.
----- -Table 17 County City Location RiordO')n '"'"" Ahosk lo IOrtford .... ,.,.,,.,n,:;., Al omonco Alb~orlo st.,n1 y Alcn(andor Ml I ls Ruther ford A.11 lanco Pm11t lco Andrews Oiorokee Angler Har not t Msonvt I le Anson ,.,., Wako Aror,ahoe Paml lco Archda lo Gui I ford, Rllndolph kllngton Yadkin Asheboro R.,ndolph Mhev1 I lo Buncombe Askewv1 I le Oort le Alld nson Pondnr Mlnntlc Carteret tll Atlontlc Oeoch C.,rteret Al.Jlander Bortle Al.Jroro Boaufort Autryvl I le Sampson Ayd~n Pl tt B.::11 ley ,.,,, 8ak6rsv I I le Mlt,;:hel I Banner EI k Avory O.,t, &ioufort fl11lllohoro [di1•>e~o, N111,h [l..,yboro l'.im1 !co !l011r t<at.s M.lrlln O<loufort Car toret fl,Jlhavon Oeaulort Be I mont Gtiston ~lvlllo Bruns.,Jck P.,.,lwood Clovoland Bonson .):)hnson E½ss,:,mor Cl ty G&ston Dothel Pl tt Poulavlllo ()Jplln Bl ltmore Fonnt BuncQnbe fll-;,:oo t-b n t gomor y Bl.,ck Crook WI 1 son Block t-b1rntaln Ouncombe Bl lJdonbOl"'O Bl adon Blowlng Rock Caldwell, Wataogo Boiling Spring Lek.es Brunswick Oolllng Springs Clevoland Bol lvla Brunswick Bolton Colui:tius lloooe Watauge Eloonvl I le Yadkl n Bostic • Rutherford Brev.ard Transylvenle Bridgeton ~even Proodwoy '"" Brook lord ~towb& Brunswick C.O lumbus .. Bryson City Swoln "'"" Frankl In Ourgaw Pendor - ------ -tmTH <:MOLINA POPUL\TION ~ IICORPORATEO PV.CES ND THEIR PERa:NTAGE GltOW"TH 1970 TO 1900 1970 1900 Percontago County Census Census Chango City Location 1.592 1,945 22,2J t.donton Chowon 5, 10'.i 4,887 -4,3 El tzaboth City Ctimdon, Posquotank "' '20 "' El I uibeth town Bl adon 11,126 15,110 J5-8 Elk Perk Avory 988 64J -.H,9 El kin Surry, WIikos "' 616 6-8 Ellenboro Rutherford I, J84 1,621 17, 1 El lerbo Richmond 1,4'1 I, 709 19,4 Elm City WI Ison 694 794 14, 4 Elon Col logo l\tamonco 2, 2}4 2,647 27 .4 Erner.aid Isle C.,rteret 212 467 120-·} Enfleld H.allf.ax 4,874 ,, 74, 17.9 Erwin H11rnott 711 872 22-6 Eureka W.ayno to, 191 15,252 41,} · Everetts Mart In ,1,929 ,,. 583 -7-5 re Ir a I uff C.O I urrbus 247 227 -8,1 Fe frmont Roboson "' 298 -o., Felson Dupl In "' "' "' faith Rowan JOO 941 213. 7 falcon CUtrber I alld, Sampson 947 1,214 28-2 Falkland Pitt 620 698 12-6 f-"al lston C1ovolend 21J 228 }5.2 farmvll le Pitt },450 .t,}61 26-4 Fayottevl I le Curiborlond 724 68' -5-4 .forest City Rutherford 409 J7J -a.a fountain Pitt 754 1,087 44-2 four Oaks Johnston 2J1 207 -10,4 Foxflr-e M:>or-e 562 6J2 12. 5 frnnklln ""'°" 665 7'.-9 \4.1 f-"ronkllnton Frankl In 99 82 -17.2 Frankllnvllle Randolph ,,,68 },826 13.6 Fremont Wayne 2,259 2,4}0 7-6 fuquay-Varlne Wake 5,054 4,607 -a.a Gtir I and Sompson 59 102 72.9 Gtirnor-Wake 7J6 61J -16. 7 Garysburg k:lrthampton 2,267 2,792 2),2 Gtiston lbrthompton 4,991 4,767 -4. 1 Gaston la Gaston 1,514 1,025 20.5 Gatosv1 I lo Gatos 1, 1'6 1,060 -a., Germt.1nton Stokes 1,290 1,499 ........ ,)5-5 Gibson Scot 1-,nd I, 244 1,334 7. 2 Glbsonv I 1 le A.lamance, Gui I ford 449 "' 16,5 Glen A.lplne Burke J,204 4,0B} 27.4 Codw In Currborlond 78J 1,428 82,4 Gold Point Mort In 801 1,}}7 66.9 Goldsboro Wayno 245 998 307,8 Goldston Oiathem 2,284 2,381 ,.2 Graham Alamance 18' m J6.2 Grelngor Lenoir "' 56J , .. Granite Fal Is Coldwel I 8,754 10,191 16,4 Q-enlto ()Jt.1rry Rowon 687 1,028 49.6 Q-e(lnevers Dupll n 289 '76 6',7 Greonsboro QJI I ford . 5,24J s,,n 1., Greenvl I lo Pitt . '=520 461 -11.:, Gr I fton Lenoir, Pitt 694 908 30,8 · Grlmosland Pitt '90 467 -20.e Grovor-Cleveland 206 22J 8,3 Hal I fax Hel I fox 1,290 1,556 20,6 Ham I I ton Mort In 284 ,o, 77_.8 Ha111let 111chl!Ond I, 744 1,,86 -9,1 tlor1110ny lrodol 1 -- - --1970 1900 Percontego Census Consus Change -4,956 5, }57 ,. 1 14, J81 14,004 -2.6 1,418 J, 551 150.4 ,o, "' 6,4 2,6<J9 2,858 -1 .4 465 560 20,'1 91 J 1,415 5'.i,O 1,201 1,561 Jo.a 2,150 2,en J}.6 122 865 600.o },272 2,995 -8.5 2,852 · 2,828 -o.8 263 J0J 15,2 198 21J 7-6 1,039 1,095 ,., 2,027 2,658 -6,0 '98 6)6 6,4 ·506 "' 9-1 '" ,.,, -5.0 IJO 118 -9-2 301 614 104.0 4,424 4, 707 6. 4 5}, 510 59,507 1 I ,2 7,179 7,668 7. 1 '" 424 -2-3 1,057 1,049 -o.0 9 153 1,600.0 2, lY, 2,ri-10 u.o 1,4'.,9 l,.N-1 --1 ., 79' 6-07 -1.).6 1,59(, 1,736 ,.0 3,576 }, 110 -IJ.O 656 88' )4.9 4,92) io,on 104.6 2JI 1,4)4 520.8 1,105 88J -20.1 47,)22 47,.n, o.o ,,. 363 J. 4 "' "' "" ,02 ,,, 6,2 2,019 2,065 41,9 797 645 -I?, 1 129 2JJ 00.6 108 ·~ "' 26,960 Jl ,871 18.2 J64 "' -3,0 8,172 8,674 6. I "' "' "' 2,388 2,5fl0 0.0 ,. }44 1,294 -3,7 424 477 \2.5 1"4,076 1,5,642 8,0 29,06J )5, 740 2J.O 1,060. 2,179 17,2 '94 "' 15.0 '" 597 7.6 '" "' -24,5 579 OJ8 10.2 4,627 4,720 2.0 J77 470 24,7
~~~--llor I lnf)!fJn Al ,,,nnn,:o Y>,'JJO J 1, ,If.If, ,. ' 11,.,, ... ,, •. 1~1111 I", ''""i' ... ''' -•:;:_:11-..it"''"'l!III -.. -"' -1 • !-•,viii--loco--1.iliill .., lllli-l\,')
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C,,1 Yl•~o f\111 I In 4',2 611'} ,--.1 !Li•;.,. I I M.vtln .lf,O \U'J -\I.,,
G11n•)ron M.,uro '°' . ]"l.r, hJ.J llnvnlock f)-l)von J,011 11, JI fl 41111. 2
Candor M.,nt9on1ory . 561 860 54. 7 It.,.-Fl:1-.,or ,\] tlrflllr'ICO 1,(J4<\ 1,11'.ill -,1 ·"
C11nton l~,ywO<':ld '• \':iO 4,6JI -10.2 lk,ynslr'I I le Cloy 428 }"16 -12.1
C,1pe C11rtorot Cnrtorot 616 ')14 5J,2 Hnywood Chatham ,~ 100 ""
Corol lnll [Jo,xh thw Honovor 1,66J 2,000 20. J Hnllll\O'c,od Hnywood 2,0'>1 1,011 -12.0
C11rr1Joro 0-o.ngu ,.osa 7,J'6 45,0 llondorson V11nce D,696 1.\',22 -2. 7
Cl'lrthll!JO /·boro 1,0J4 925 -10,5 11.Jndorsonv I I le llondorson 6,443 6,H62 6-5
Cary Wak6 7,686 21,76) 10},2 Hurt ford Parqulm11ns 2,02} I, 941 -4, I
COS-'r Clovol-,nd ,,. '46 2. 1 Hickory Burke, Cotewbe 20,569 20,757 o.,
c-,shlers .ktck.son 2J0 m 140,4 High Point 1•1 6},229 6}, }80 0.2
C.:isf-,1 lo N.:ish 265 '58 }5, I High Sho11ls 6"ston, Lincoln 56} '.ifl6 4. I
C.1swo 11 Do.-,ch Orunswlck 28 110 292,9 l!lghl.:inds Macoo 5'3 .,, 12.0
Cot-,wbo c.-it-,wt,-, 565 '°" _,,_, HI I OObrlln Burke 521 (,28 70. 5
Centorvl I lo Fr-,nklln 12} "' 9,8. HI I I sborough 0-onge 1,444 },019 lO'J,1
Cerro Gordo Columbus m 295 -8,4 ti::>bgood Hol I fox 5}0 48) -8,?
Chadbourn Columbus 2,21} 1,g75 -10,8 tt:>ffmen Rlchrrorw:I .,, '89 -10,4
Chadwick ><:res Onsfnw 12 " 25,0 ti::>lden Be.-,,:h Brunswick 136 "' 70,6
Chapel UI 11 Durham, Oronge 26,199 }2,421 2},7 lblly Springs Wake 691 600 -1 .}
Charlotte M?cklonburg 241,420 314,447 30,2 Holly Ridge Onslow 415 · 465 12,0
Chorry.,.llle Gllston 5,258 4,844 -7,9 lbl tyvl I le Poml lco "' l00 "'
Chino Gro.,.o RC:Hllln I, 788 2,081 16,4 lt>okorton G-eono 4'1 460 4.J
Chocowinity Bo.:iufort 566 644 13,8 lbpe Ml I ls Cuntier I and 1,866 5, 41 2 190,0
CI aror.iont Clitawba 788 BOO 11, 7 Hot Spr I ngs Mlldl son 65' 618 }~8
Clarkton Blt1don 662 664 o., Hudson Caldwol I 2,620 2,866 2-4
Clt1yton .bhnston },10} 4,091 '31,8 llunters.,.11 le llock.lenbi.rg 1,538 1,294 -15,9
Clevoland Row.:in 614 595 -3,1 lndllln BellCh Carteret 245 " -78,0
Cl In ton Sampson 7,157 7,552 5., lndlM Tr11I I I.Inion 405 Bl I 100,2
Clyde H.'lywood 814 1,008 2},8 Jockson tbrthempton 762 720 -5,5
Coiik.ley EU9ocO'l'lbe N< "' "' Jackson Springs t,\,oco "' ,~ ·~
Coots llilrnot t 1,051 1. }85 }1.8 Jock.sonv I I le O,,slow 16,289 17,056 4. 1
. Cof\old llcrtford "' <65 46.2 Jtimostown Qi\ I ford I, 297 2. 140 65,(,
Cotorotn Bortle m 284 -2J,9 Jomosvl I le ~rtln 5n 604 1}.}
Columhla Tyrrol 1 902 758 -16,0 Joson Q-oone "' "' "'
Columbus Polk "' m -0.5 Jof forson Ashe ·94) l,Otlf, 15,2
Como t-hrtlord 211 B9 -57,8 Jonosv I I le Yadk.ln 1,659 I, 752 5.6
Concord Ctlba,rrus 18,464 16,942 -8,2 Jupiter Buncombe 200 "' "'
Coneto"I Edgocombe 160 215 34, 4 Kol ford Bertie 295 ,,. -\J.9
Cooovor Ca t-,.-bo },355 4,245 26,5 Konansvl I le Dupl In 162 '" 22,2
Con•oy N:>rthompton 694 678 -2.J Konly Johnston, WI Ison 1,370 1,43} •-6
Corne I lus 1-'ocklenburg 1,296 1,460 12,7 Kornorsv 11 le Forsyth 4,815 6,802 41,}
eo ... o City 0-aven 485 500 ,. 1 KIil Dov! I HI I ls Ol!ro "' 1,796 403, 1
Cr11=rton Gl'!ston 2, 142 1,869 -12,7 Kings r-buntatn Cle.,.elend, Gaston 8,465 9,080 ,.,
Crnodmoor Q--,nvl I le 1,405 1,641 16,8 Kinston l.nnolr 23,020 25,2}4 9,6
Croswol 1 W<'!shlngton on 426 -}2, 7 Kl ttrel I Vence 417 22'i -4 7,}
Crossiiore lwory 264 297 12,5 Knlghtdnle Weko 015 9tl'.i 20,9
Dal las G.,ston 4,059 },}40 -17,7 Kuro Dotieh N:Jw Hanover )9' 611 5'j, 1
Oonbury Stokos 152 140 -7,9 LoGronge lonolr 2,1579 J, 14 7 17,5J
Li,ko Lure Rutherford 456 480 1.0
D.:iv I dson lrorlol 1, M,ck lenburg 2,9J1 J,241 10,6
Oelvlow G.iston 11 1 -::56,4 lake Weccamew Columbus 92' , • l}J 22,6
()(triton Di..,. l dson 1,017 949 -6-7 LMd Is Row11n 2,297 2,092 -8,9
DIiisboro Jock.son "' 119 -16, 7 L1111slng Asho '" 194 -::51.4
Dobson Surry ,n 1,222 J1,0 Lt1sk.er tbrtharnpton 114 96 -15,8
Dorchos """ 606 805 29,0 Lottlmore Ct eve lend 251 rn -7,B
Dovor o-,.,.,.on ,., 600 2-6 Lour-el Pork Hondorson 581 764 }1,5
Oroxol Burkl'I I, 431 1,392 -2. 7 L11urlnburg Scotl ond 8,65Q 11,480 29,6
Dub I In Bl adon "' 477 60,6 Lawndele Clovelend 5'4 '69 -1 J.a
Weyno 199 N< "' Lawrence Edgocombe "' "' "'
Dudley "' "" Leggott Edgocombe 120 99 -17,5
Dund11rroch H,ko " Harnott B,J02 8,962 7,9j Lenoir Caldwol I 14. 705 IJ, 748 -6-5
"'"" 95,4}8 100,8}1 5. 7 Lewiston £1.ortle m '59 40, 4
Ourhem Our hem Dtiv I dson 17,205 15,711 -8, 1
Cle.,.elond 19' 206 5-6 Lexington
Etirl ,,. <61 -17, 1 Liberty R.trndolph 2,167 1,997 -7,8
Eest Arcedle Bl 11don "' 602 24, 1 LI tesvl I le Mson . 641 588 -a.,
Eest Bond Yadkin 10,1 LI 11 lngton Hllrnett 1,155 1,940 60,7
Ea"l.t lourlnburg Scot I 11nd ' 487 ,,.
(list Spencer Ro"lln 2,217 2,150 -3,0 Llneolnton Lincoln 5,293 ,4, 879 -1.a
15,871 15,672 -1., Linden Cumberland 20, ,., 78,0
Edon Rock.Ingham
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J --- - -- - - -- - -- -- - ---County 1970 1980 Percentoge County 1970 1900 Percontoge City Locotlon Census Census Change City Location Census Census Change Llrwl I le lw~ry "" ,.. "" Rockw81 I Ro.,.on 999 1,3'9 34.Q Llttloton Half fax 90J 620 -9,2 Rock. y "bunt Edgoccm:>e. Nash 34,284 41,203 20.4 Locust Stanly 1,484 1,590 7, 1 Rolesvl I le Woke 5'J Jlll -:m.5 Long Bo,r.h Brunswick 49J 1,844 274.0 Ronda 'Ill lkes 465 457 -1-7 long Vie.,, Burke, Gatawbo 3,360 3,587 6,6 Ropec Washington 649 795 22.5 Louisburg Fronk I ln 2,941 l,2'8 10.1 Rose HIii Oupl In 1,448 I, 508 4, 1 LovQ Val loy lrodol r 40 " }7.'} ~seboro Sampson I, 235 I, 227 -0,6 l.ow-,11 G.:iston 3,)07 2,Q17 -11,8 Rosman Trensylvanla 407 51 2 25,8 Luc-1ma WI Ison 610 1,070 75,4 Howland Robeson 1,3'58 1,841 }5,6 Lumb or Br I dge Roboson 117 171 46,2 Rol(boro Porson 5,}70 7,5}2 -86.4 lurnborton Robeson 16,961 18,241 7,5 Roxohol Bertie "' 276 -19,9 McAdo,wj I le Glston 950 947 -0,J Rurol Hel I Forsyth 1,289 I ,J:56 J,6 McO.)Mld Robeson BO 117 '16-J Ruth Rutherford }60 Jal 5,6 Mcferlon Anson 140 1JJ -5-0 Ruthortord College Burke 621 I, 108 J5.0 ~l<Y.clesfleld Edgoc:orrt,e 5J6 504 -6.0 Ruttmrfordton Ruthorford 3,245 J, 4J4 5,6 MO(:on Warren 179 1'J -14.5 Solemburg Sompson 669 742 10.9 Mod I son Rocklnghom 2,018 2,806 J9-0 Sol lsbury Rowan 22,515 22,677 o. 7 Mo11qlo Vol loy Haywood 159 202 21.0 So ludo Polk 546 607 11.2 M"•Jnol lt1 Dupl In 614 592 -J.6 Snnford '''° 11,716 14, 77J 26-1 Mo1,Jnn Cotowbo, Lincoln 2,416 2,'H4 6,5 Sorotoge WI Ison J91 JUI -2.6 M.,nt<>o D11ro 547 902 64,9 Scotland t,bck Hol lfllx 2,869 2,0H -1.2 ~ I M,,r lotto Rollo!l.On 70 "" "' Sool>oord tbrthompton 611 607 12.4 Mor Ion t-'cDowel I J,JJ5 3,684 10.5 Soogrove Rondo I ph }54 294 -16.9 M11rs HI 11 Madison 1,62J 2,126 ,1.0 Seim& Johnston 4,356 4, 762 9.J Morsho 11 M.,dlson 982 609 -17.6 Seven Dev I Is Avery, Wotougo 0 54 0 Marshvll le u, Ion 1,405 2,011 43.1 Sovon Springs Woyne 160 166 -11.7 M.,tthews f'.\)ck. lenburg 78J 1,648. 110.5 Sovern 1'brthompton J56 JO, -1J.2 Moury Groono 421 NA "' Shody Forest &-unsw lck 17 4J 152-9 M.-ixton Roboson, Scotl&nd 1,865 2,711 4J-8 Shel lotte &-unsw l,;k 597 600 13.9 Moyodon Rockingham 2,875 2,627 -8,6 Sharpsburg (bl 789 997 26,4 Mnysvl I lo ..bnos 912 677 -J-8 Silo I by Clovolond 16,'18 1,,,,0 -6.2 M<'Unno 1'1 =once, Orange 2,57.} 2,782 6,1 SI lor City Chatham 4,60() 4,4.\6 -5-2 Mos le Poml lco J69 J90 5, 7 Simpson Pitt JUJ 40) 6,J Micro ..bhns ton .Joo 4JO 46-0 Sims WI Ison 20, 192 -6,J Mlddloburg Vance 149 165 24-2 Smlthfleld Johnston 6,677 7,288 9,2 Mlddlosex "''" 729 6J7 14-8 Sno• HI 11 G--oene 1, J59 1,'74 ,., Ml ldrod EdgecO'l"Oe "" "" "" Southern Pines "'~· 5,9'7 8,620 45. 2 Ml I ton Coswol I 2J5 2J5 0,0 Southern Short.tS ""'" " J')5 "" Minnesott Seoch Pam1 lco " 171 317. 1 Southport Brunswick 2,270 2,fl24 21.2 Mint HI 11 1-bck lenburg 2,262 7,91' 249-9 Sparto 1'1 leghany 1,304 1,687 29,4 O.,v I e 2,529 2,637 4, J Spooo Edgecoot>e 142 95 -JJ. \ /.bc:ksv1 I le Lhlon 11,282 12,6J9 12,0 Spcncor Rowan J,075 2,9)8 -4,5 ~'Qnroo Buncombo 561 ,. 1 27-5 Spencer Mounto In Goston JOO 169 -4J. 7 Montreot Splndole Rutherford J, 048 4,246 10,J Mooresboro Clevolond "' ,o, -8-6 lredel I 8,808 8,57' -2.6 Spring 1-bpe N,sh 1, JJ4 1,254 -6,0 Hooresvl I le Cl'lrtoret ,,n, 4,J59 -16. 7 Sprlnq Loke Cucrber I ond J,966 6, 27J 56,1 Morohood City lJ,625 13, 76.} 1,0 · Spruce Pine Mitchel I 2,JJJ 2,282 -2.2 Morganton Ourke 20,1 St, Pculs Ro<,oroo 2,01 I l,6J? -\0.') 209 "' 1-brrlsvl I le Woke 36, 1 Staloy Randolph 2J9 204 -14-6 M:Jrvon Anson 562 765 151 .5 Mount Air)' Surry 7,325 6,662 -6,} Stal I lngs lkl Ion 726 1,826 1,286 1,42) 10. 7 Ston1Ield Stanly '56 V 46) ,., Mount GI lead J.bntgomery Geston 2,336 2, J4I 0,2 Mount Holly Goston 5, 10'.' 4,'30 -11,J Stanley -4,914 4,676 -o.6 Stanton:.bu,-g WII son 669 920 5,9 Mount 01 lvo D.Jpl In, lriayne p.\Jntg011181"y 092 016 -a., Mou'lt PJ011s11nt Ctiborrus 1,174 1,210 ,. 1 ,,~ Hert ford 4,418 J,007 -31,9 Statesvl I le lredel I 20,007 18,622 -6,9 Hur treosboro Cherokee 2,082 2,070 -0,6 Stedman Cumberland ,o, 72J 43,2 Murphy 414 1,020 1-46,4 Stem Grenv I I le 242 222 -a.J Nag'i Hea<i """ 1,670 2,678 60,4 Stonevl I le Rocklngh111"111 1,0JO 1,054 2,J Noshvl I le ~bsh &-unswlck 467 .,. -9,9 Stonowal I Poml lco "5 J60 7,5 NaVIISSa -o. 7 Stovol I Q-anv I I le ,o, m J,0 Now Barn 0-even 14,660 ,_,.,,in .. I ------~-
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Ref. 17 .:
7 January 1987
TO: File
FROM: Jack Butler
RE: Telephone conversation with Lucil Fraser, Oxford Water Department,
[phone], about water source for town of Oxford.
Ms. Fraser reported that Oxford now receives water from Kerr Lake and
uses Lake Devin only as a backup. Ms. Fraser said their service extends about
1/2 mile down US 15 past the city limit towards 1-85, however, several houses
along this stretch outside the city still use private wells.
JB/tb/0342b
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Ms. Pat Derosa
United States Department of the Interior
FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE
ENDANGERED SPECIES FJELD STATION
100 OTIS STREET, ROO1! 224
ASHEVILLE, NORTH CAROLL'/A 28801
June 21, 1985
Solid and Hazardous Waste Management Branch
Environmental Health Section
North Carolina Department of Human Resources
P. 0. Box 2091
Raleigh, North Carolina 27602
Dear Ms. Derosa,
Ref. 19 !
In response to your telephone conversation with John Fridell on May 30, 1985,
we are enclosing the following items of information:
A. North Carolina county distribution records of Federally listed,
proposed and status review species,
B. map of the critical habitat of the threatened spotfin chub
(Hybopsis monacha),
C. map of the critical habitat of mountain golden heather (Hudsonia
montana), and
D. copy of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service interagency Section 7
consultation process guidelines (included for your information)
The abbreviations following the species names on the North Carolina species
distribution records (A. above) indicate Federal status, i.e., E -endangered,
T -threatened, PE -proposed endangered, PT -proposed threatened and SR -
under status review. Status review species are ~ot legally protected under the
Endangered Species Act. However, they are subject to being listed and agencies
should be cognizant of their potential presence in a projec~ area.
Since additions and deletions are made to the list of species on a regular
basis, questions regarding updates of the list should be made to this office.
We hope this information will be of use to you. If we can be of any further
assistance, please call John Fridell or Nora Murdock at [phone].
Sincerely yours,
. ~tt\~~Qoi~
Warren T. Parker
Field Supervisor
__ 4_,_,,1_G_•/_8_7 __ W_0_-··_11_8_C_: _F'_WS_-· _G_·F:IDS AR CHANNEL .:..M::..:Ac:.S.:..cTE::.:-R.:..'·_·--..::.J..::..:_B _ _:_F'c..:.AG __ Ec:..·· --0--◊_0_1 _______________________________________ _
F'WID F'WMANAME F'WMAARCD F'WMAPN\JM PWF'LSDC1 F'WF'LF'DPL F'WF'LTYF'E F'WF'LACTV F'WF'LLAT1 PWF'Ll.DNl . ' ... ·";·'.;.·~·:::<-: ;;,_-·.\ .
623,,o·ro--CixFCiF:D-CffY-CiF 19
919
919
69333T·1.'---~--~,J◊-tJOTi8253--c----A--·-
0239117 GRANVILLE CDUNTY SUBSIDIARY
0239120 EDEN OAt(S SUBD
6934031 G 000000103 C
6931356 G 000000032 C
4/10/87 W0-118N PWS GRIDS AR CHANNEL MASTER--J.B PAGE 0001
F'WID F'WMANAME
A
A
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0361635 0783420
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5/78
NORI'H CAKJLINA -Critical Habitat
Hybopsis nonacha, "sp::itfin chub"
Maoon and Swain Counties. Little Tennessee River, rrain channel from
.the backwaters of Fontana lake upstream to the North carolina--Georgia
state line.
'. • \
"'\
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______ : \ Rabun Co.
To"'"" «:o, 1
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I ,..----
NORTH CAROLINA .. ----------GEORGI A
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11/80
NORTH CAROLINA -Critical Habitat
Hudsonia montana, "mountain golden heather"
Burke County. The area bounded by the following: on the west by the
2200' contour; on the east by the Linville Gorge Wilderness Boundary
north from the intersection of the 2200' contour and the Shortoff Mountain
Trail to where it intersects the 3400' contour at "The Chimneys"--then
follow the 3400' contour north until it reintersects the Wilderness
Boundary--then follow the Wilderness Boundary again northward until it
intersects the 3200' contour extending west from its intersection with-
the Wilderness Boundary until it begins to turn south--at this point the
Boundary extends due east until it intersects the 2200' contour.
4.1 llhlH to
l1nv,11, r,11,
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PISGAH
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NATIONAL 4,,;~ ,!sf) OR.EST ..
,· ., .~ ~
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TO:
FROM:
RE:
CERCLA Unit Staff
Pat DeRosa ~
12 August 1986
Critical Habitats of Federally Listed Endangered Species in N.C.
I spoke by telephone today with John Fridell, US Fish and Wildlife
Ref. 20 t
Service [phone] to request an update on critical habitats in NC. I Mr. Fridell infor,ned me that the only change since our previous correspondence of June 21, 1985 has been a "Proposal to List the Cape Fear Shiner as an Endangered Species with Critical Habitats" in NC; (FR Vol. 51, No. 133, I July 11, 1986). A copy Jf the proposed rule is attached for your infor,nation.
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Fed~ral Register / Vol. 51, No. 133 ( Friday, July 11, 1986 / fulposed Rules 25219
R • C., X 100 . Eq. 15A-A
'
ibliography . .
. American Society for Testing and
Materials. Annual Book 0£ ASI"M Standards.
131: Water, Atmospheric Analysis.
adephia, Pennsylvania. 1974. p. 40-42.
Blosser. R.O. H.S. Oglesby. and A.K.
Jam. A study ol Alternate SO, Scrubber
Designs Used for TRS Monitoring. National
Ecil of the Paper Industry for Air end
m Improvement. Inc.. New York. New
Special Report 77-0S. July 1977.
3. Curtis. F .. and G.D. McAlister.
Eopment and Evaluation of an ·
ation/Method 6 TRS Emission Sampling
dure. Emission Measurement Branch.
Emission Standards and Engineering
Division. U.S. Environmental Protection
ncy, Research Triangle Park. North
lina zm1. February 1980.
Gellman, I. A Laboratory and Field Study
cl Reduced Sulfur Sampling and Monitoring
l ems. National Council of the Paper :
ustry for Air and Stream Improvement. · ·
, New York. New York. Atmospheric .
Quality Improvement Technical Bulletin No.
IOctober 1975. ·
Ma,geson. J.H., J.E. Knoll M.R. Midget~
Ferguson, and P.J. Schworer. A Manual
Method !or TRS Determination. Journal al Air
Pollution Control Association. 35:1280-128a
l1Jember1985. · · Ill Doc. BEl-15266 Filed 7-10-lle; 8:45 am)
BlUJNQ CODE eseo-so-u
tllPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
~h and WUdUfe Service ·. ·
11CFRPart 17
Lngered and Threatened Wlldllfe ·
and Plants; Proposal to Ust the Cape
Ir Shiner as an.Endangered Species ·
Critical Habitat
ENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service, .
Interior. ·
ION: Proposed rule. · ·
~ MARY: The Service proposes to list
the Cape Fear shiner [Notropis
l kistocholas) as an endangered
cies with critical habitat under the
dangered Species Act of 1973, a.a
amended. This fish has recently · ··
l ergone a reduction in range and
ulation. II is currently known from
on y three small populations in the Cape
Fear River drainage in Randolph. Moore,
l and Chatham Counties. North
lina. Due to the species' limited
tribution, any £actor that degrades
habitat or waler quality in the abort
I r reaches it inhabits-e.g., land use
nges, chemical spill•. wastewater
charges, impoundments. changes in
.stream flow, or increases in agricultural
.off-<:ould threaten the species'
9"'ivial. Comments and information
I
pertaining to this proposal are sought
from the public.·
DATES: Comments from all interesled
parties must be received by September
9, 1986. Public hearing requests must be
received by August 25, 1986.
ADDRESSES:.Commenls and materials
concerning this proposal should be sent
to Field Supervisor, Endangered Species
Field Office, U.S. Fish and Wildlife .
Service, 100 Otis Street, Room 224,
Asheville, North Carolina 28801,
Comments and materials received v.ill
be available for public inspection, by
appointment, during normal business
hours at the above address.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
Richard G. Biggins. al the above address
(704/259--0321 or.ITS 672-0321).
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
Background
number or individuals that periodically .
drop down from the population abov11
Locksville Dam pool
The second population, represented
by the collection of a specimen near
State Highway Bridge 902 in Chatham
County, is localed above the Rocky
River Hydroelectric Dam. This
population was historically the best, but
the area yielded only the one specimen
after extensi\'e surveys by Pattern and
Huish [1985). The third population was
found in the Deep River system in
Randolph and Moore Counties. This
population is believed to be small ·
[Pattern and Huish 1985, .1986). lnree
individuals were found above the ·
Highfalls Hydroelectric Reservoir; one
in Fork Creek. Randolph County, and.· ..
two in the Deep River, Moore County. · ·
The species was also found downstream
or the highfalls Dam. However, the ... '
extent of suitable habitat in this stream
reach is limited,·and ii is thought that .. .'
The Cape Fear shiner (Noropis·· · these individuals likely result from ,:: ·.
mekistocholas), the only endemic fish downstream movement from above the.
known from North Carolina's Cape Fear reservoir where Cape Fear shiner
River drainage, was discovered in 1962 habitat is more extensive.. . ··
and described by Snelson (19n), This The Caper Fear shiner Is small,'rai~ly':
fish has been collected from nine stream · · exceeding Z inches in length. The fish's . : ... ,.
reaches in North Carolina (Bear Creek. body is flushed with a pale silvery ... '. ·. •'
Rocky River, and Robeson Creek. yellow, and a black band runs along its ·
Chatham County: Fork Creek. Randolph sides (Snelson 1971). The fins are ..
County: Deep River, Moore and yellowish and somewhat pointed. -ni.:;·. ·
Randolph Counties; Deep River, . upper lip is black, an<! .the lower lip · ·: · ·
Chatham and Lee Counties: and Cape · be.ars a thin black bar along Ua margin, ·' · --~· . .,~
Fear River, Kenneth Creek. and Parlcers . The.Cap~ Fear shiner, uiµike most other:· • :-:: ·
Creek. Harnett County (Snelson 19n. .. : members of the large genu Notroj,is, ,:. > . •; :<:
W. Palmer and A. Braswell; North· · feeds extensively in plant material, and ::,' .. i'· .. 0 ··.:·
Carolina State Museum of Natural its digestive tract is mo!iifiedfor this.; > <:'¢· ~
History, personai communication isas/. . diet by having an elongated. convoluted' · ·:·. : :
Pattern and Huish 1965, 1986). Based on · . intestine. The species is generally ... ,.,:.\:· ·· · ·
. a recently completed Service-funded· . associated with gravel, cobble, and ;.•.",\':.
study [Pattern and Huish 1985, 1986) boulder substates and has been · ·
involving extensive surveys in the Cape observed to inhabit slow poola, riffles.':
Fear River Basin (including all historic · and slow runs (Snelson 1971, Pottem .. /
sites) and a review of historical fish and Huish 1985). In these habitats, Iha ·-. ·
collection records from the Cape Fear, species is typically associated with
Neuse, and Yadkin River systems, the schools of other related species, but it la
fish is now restricted lo only three never the numerically dominant species.
populations. The strongest population Juveniles are often found in slackwater,
(101 individuals collected in 1984 and among large rock outcrops In mid-
1985) la located around the junction of stream. and in flooded side channels ...
the Rocky River and Deep River in and poola (Pottem and Huish 1985). No
Chatham and Lee Counties where the information is presently available on ·
fish inhabits the Deep River from the breeding behavior, fecundity, or
upstream limits of the backwaters of longevity.
Locksville Dam upstream to the Rocky The Cape Fear shiner may always .
River then upstream from the Rocky have existed in low numbers. However,
River lo Bear Creek and upstream from its recent reduction in range and its ·
Bear Creek lo the Chatham County Road small population size (Pattern and Huish
2156 Bridge. A few individuals were 1985, 1986) increases the species'
collected just downstream or the vulnerability to a catastrophic event,
Locksville Dam. but because of the such as a toxic chemical spill. Dam
limited extent of Cape Fear shiner construction in the Cape Fear system
habitat at this site. ii is not believed this has probably had the most serious
is a separate population. Instead, It is Impact on the species by inundating the
thought these fish represent a small species' rocky riverine habitat Dama
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25220 Federal Register / Vol. 51, No. 133 / Friday. July 11, 1986 / Proposed Rules
presently under study by the U.S. Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers (COE). for the Deep River and changes in flow regulation at existL~g hydroelectic facilities could further . threaten the species. The deterioration of waler quality has likely been another factor in the species' decline. The North ·.Carolina Department of Natural Resources and Community Development (1983) classified water quality in the Deep River, Rocky River, and Bear . Creek as good to fair, and referred to the . Rocky river below Siler City as an area . where their sampling indicates • degradation. That report also stated: "Within the Cape Fear Basin. estimated average ann·ual soil losses from cropland ranged from 3 tons per acre in the lower basin to 12 tons in the headwaters." The North Carolina State Division of Soil and Water Conservation · considers 5 tons of soil loss per acre as the maximum allowable. . . . ·: · The Cape Fear shiner was one of 29 · fish species included in a March 18, 1975, Notice of Re,iew published by the Service in the Federal Register (40 FR . · 12297). On December 30, 1982, the · · ·.Service aruiounced in the Federal · · . . Register (47 FR 58454) that the Cape ·. Fear shiner, along with 147 other fish species,·was being considered for': possible addition to the list of·· · Endangered and Threatened Wildlife.·. On.April 4, 1985, the Service notified · . Federal, Sta.le, and local governmental agencies and interested parties that the Asheville Endangered Species Field · · . Station was reviewing the species' . · . status. That notification requested .: · information ori the species' status and · threats to Its continued existence.· Twelve responses to the April 4, 1985, notification were received. The COE. Wilmington District North Carolina Division of Parks and recreation. : ·. Natural Heritage Program: and the North Carolina State Museum ofNatrual' · . History provided for the species. . Concern for the species' welfare w"a.s . ·.also expressed by private individuals:' The other respondents pro,ided no information on threats, and did not take a position on the species' status. The Cape Fear shiner was included in the · Services' September 18, 1985, Notice of review of Vertebrate Wildlife (50 FR 37958) as a category 1 sp_ecies, indicating that the Service had substantial biological data to support a proposal to list the species as endangered or threatened. ·
Summary of Factors Affecting the Species
Section 4(a)[l) of the Endangered Species Act (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.) and regulations (50 CFR Part 424)
promulgated to implement the listing provisions of the Act set forth the procedures for adding species to the Federal Lists. A species may be determined to be an endangered or threatened species due to one or more of the five !actors described in section 4(a)[l), These factors and their application to the Cape Fear shiner (Notropis mekistacholos) are as follows: A. The present or threotened destruction; modification. or.curtoilment of its habito/ or range. A review.of historic collection records (Snelson 1971, W, Palmer and A. Braswell personal communica lion 1985). along with recent survey results [Pattern and Huish 1985, 1986), indicates that the Cape Fear shiner is presenUy restricted to only three populations (see "Background" section). Three historic populations have apparently been extirpated [Pottern and Huish 1985, 1986). Robeson Creek. Chatham County. was believed lost when Jordan Lake flooded part of the creek. The reasons for the loss of · . populations _from Parkers Creek and · .. Kenneth Creek in Harnett County are . not known. The shiner has also not been recollected [Pattern and Huish 1985} · from the Cape Fear River in Harnett• County. However, review of historical·. and current ·collection records reveals : that only cine specimen has ever been · collected.from this river. and the fish . · likely was a stray individual from an· . upstream or tributary population. Since much of the Deep, Haw, and Cape Fear Rivers and their major tributaries has been impounded for.hydroelectric ...... . power, and much of the rocky sho11l habitat inundated. other populationa . and population segments that were . never discovered have likely been lost to. these reservoirs ..
· Of the three remaining popula lions, only the one located around the . confluence of the Deep and Rocky Rivers in Chatham and Lee Counties (inhabiting a total of about 7.3 river -miles) appears strong (Pattern and-Huish 1985). The second population in ' the Rocky River, above the Rocky River hydroelectric facility, was the source of the type specimens used to describe the species [Snelson 1971). Historic records (W. Pal:ner and A. Braswell. personal com:nunication 19B5) reveal that collections of 15 to 30 specimens could be expected in this stretch of the Rocky River [State Route 902 or Chatham County Road 1010 Bridge) during a sampling visit in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Pattern and Huish (1985) sampled the Rocky River throughout this reach on numerous occasions and were able to collect only one specimen. The reason for the apparent decline in this
population is unknown. The third population. located in the Deep Rn·er system in Moore and Randolph Counties, is represented by the collection of six individuals [Pattern and Huish 1986}. Three individuals were taken from below the dam. As the available habitat below the dam is· limited, it is believed these fish are migrants from the upstream population. Potential threats to the species and its habitat could come from such activities as road construction. stream channel . .' modification, changes in stream flows for hydroelectric power, impoundments. land use changes, wastewater discharges. and other projects in the watershed If such activities ·are not · · planned and implement wilh the survival of the species and the protection of i_ts habitat in mind. The· . species is also potentially threatened by two U.S. Army Corps of Engineers . . -projects presently under re,;ew for the Deep River. The Randleman Dam , project would consist of a reservoir of · the Deep River in Randolph County,' · ·, . above known·cape Fear shiner _habitat.: · . The Howards Mill Reservoir would be. · on the Deep River In Moore' and ·. . .. . Randolph Couniies and would flood --· · · presently used Cape Fear shiner habiiaL .B. Overutilization for carr.rrieri:ial. . ~ recreat{onal. &cicntific.. or educa~ioniJI , purposes, Most of the present range of .•. · the Cape Fear shiner ill relatively : · Inaccessible and overutilization of the . .species ha,, not been and is not. . . . expected to be a problem. · .. , .... <;:. Disease or predation. Although !lie .. Cape Fear shiner ill undoubtedly · consumed by predatory animals. there is . no evidence that this predation is ·a, · . threat to the species.
D. The inadequacy of existing . regulatory mechanisms. North Carolina State law (Subsection 113-272.4) . prohibits collecting wildlife and fish for scientific purposes without a State permit However. this State law does noi · protect the species'.habitat from the potential impacts of Federal actions. Federal listing will pro,·ide protection for the species under the Endangered Species Act by requiring a Federal per:nit to take the species and requiring Federal agencies to consult with the Service when projects they ftmd, authcrize, or carry out may affect L',e species.
E. Other natural or manmade factors affecting its continued existence. The major portion of the best Cape Fear shiner population is located at the junction of the Deep and Rocky Rivers in Chatham and Lee Counties. A major toxic chemical spill at the U.S. Highway 15-105 Bridge upstream of this site on
_ Federal Register / Vol. 51, No. 133-/ Friday, July 11, 1986 / Proposed Rules 25221 I the Rocky Rh,;r could jeopardize thi~ designates critical habitat, a brief Section 7(a) of the Act, as amended, population, and as the other populations description and evaluation of those requires Federalagel!cies to evaluate I are extremely small and tenuous, the _ activities (public or private) that may_ their actions with respect to any species species' survival could be threatened. adversely modify such habitat or may that is proposed or listed as endangered The Service has carefully assessed the be affected by such designation. or threatened and with respect to it . best scientific and commercial Activities which presently occur within. critical habitat, if any is being proposed I information available regarding the past, the designated critical habitat include, or designated. Regulations implementing present, and future threats faced by this in part, fishing, boating, ·scientific this interagency cooperation provision species in determining to propose this research, and nature study. These of the Act are codified at 50 CFR Part rule. Based on this evaluation, the activities, al their present use level, do 402 (see revision at 51 FR 19926; June 3, I preferred action is lo list the Cape Fear not appear to be adversely impacting 1986). Section 7(a)(4) requires Federal shiner (Notropis mekistocholas) as an the area. agencies to confer informally with the endangered species. Because of the There are also Federal activities that Service on any action that is likely to _ species' restricted range and do or could occur within the Deep Riv.er jeopardize the continued existence of a I vulnerability of these isolated Basin and that may be affected by proposed species or result in the populations to a single catastrophic protection of critical habitat. These destruction or adverse modification of accident, threatened status does not activities include; construction of proposed critical habitat. If a species is appear to be appropriate for this species impoundments (in particular, U.S. Army subsequently listed, section 7(a)(2j l (see "Critical Habitat" section for a Corps of Engineers reservoirs under requires Federal agencies to ensure that discussion of why critical habitat is study for the upper Deep River), stream activities they authorize. fund, or carry being proposed for the Cape Fear alterations, bridge and road -· out are not likely to jeopardize the _ -• . _ shiner). · construction, and discharges of continued existence of such a species or
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Critical Habitat _ _ _ municipal and industrial wastes, and to destroy or adversely modify Its --hydroelectric facilities. These activities critical habitat. If a Federal action may Critical habitat, as defined by section could, if not carried out with the · affect a listed species or its critical-. -3 of the Act means: (i) The specific areas protection of the species in mind, habitat, the responsible Federal agency lwithin the geographical area occupied degrade the waler and substrate quality must enter into consultation with the by a species, at the time ii is listed in of the Deep River, Rocky River, Bear Service. The Service is presently aware accordance with the Act on which are Creek, and Fork Creek by increasing of only two Federal actions under --found those physical or biological siltation. water temperatures, organic consideration (Randleman and Howards· lfeatures (I) essential to the conservation pollutants, and extremes in water flow. Mill Reservoirs) that may affect the. · f the species and (Ill that may require If any of these activities may affect the · species and the proposed critical '" ·: : ·. _.. __ pecial management considerations or . critical habitat area and are the result of habitaL The Service has been in contac( _,_-' -:-protection, and (ii) specific areas outside a Federal action, section 7(al(2) of the · with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers __ -~-;• -·
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e geographical area occupied by a Act, as amended, requires the agency to concerning the potential Impacts of:,,:·. __ ,_._ , pecies at the time it is listed, upon a consult with the Service to ensure that these projects onlhe species and its;:-_-,.·: ,. etermination that such areas are actions· they authorize, fund, _o, i;arrY habitat. The Act and iniplemenling ·-":~---' :_ -_ ~-• essential for the conservation of the · out are not likely to destroy or . · · regulations f<>und at 50 CFR 17.21 set.· _ ---_ _ l pecies. . -. . . adversely modify critical habitaL · forth a series of general prohibitions ai,d·~_:c~?"-_ ,:;, Section 4(a)(3_) of the Act requires that _ Se?tion 4(b)(~J of the Act ~equires the _ exceptions that apply fo all e,ndangered. ,.-~," "._.·,-ritical habitat be designated to the · · Service to consider econom1c and other : >vildlife. Tbes~ prolµhiijons, in part..._· __ ·_ :: -__ maximum extent prudent and_ . -_ . Impacts of design.a ting a particular area make ii illegal for any person subject to
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eterminable concurrently with the as critical habitat The Service will the jurisdiction of the United States to etermination that a species is consider the critical habitat designation take. Import or export. ship in interstate __ _ ndangered or threatened. Critical in light of all additional relevant ·commerce in the course of commerclaJ-C::. :'. · . · habitat is being proposed for the Cape Information obtained at the time of final ·-activity, or sell or offer for sale In · · · ·-tear shiner to include: (1) rule · ·• , pproximately 5 miles of the Rocky -. interstate or foreign commerce any=_--: --iver in Chatham County, North Available lo Conservation Measures listed species. It also Is illegal to · · . Carolina; (2) approximately 8 miles of Conservation measures provided to prossess, sell, deliver, carry, transport, iear Creek, Rocky River, and Deep species listed as endangered or or ship any such wildlife that has been iver in Chatham and Lee Counties, -threatened under the Endangered taken illegally. Certain exceptions · orth Carolina; (3) approximately 6 Species Act include recognition. would apply lo agents of the Service and miles of Fork Creek and Deep River in recovery actions, requirements for State conservation agencies. · Randolph and Moore Counties, North Federal protection, and prohibitions Permits may be issued to carry ~ut l arolina. against certain practices. Recognition _ otherwise prohibited activities involving (See "Regulation Promulgation" through listing encourages and results in endangered wildlife species under section for this proposed rule for the conservation actions by FederaL State, certain circumstances: Regulations lrecise description of critical habitaL) and private agencies, groups, and governing permits are at 50 CFR 17.22 'hese stream sections contain gravel, individuals. The Endangered Species and 17.23. Such permits are available for obble. and boulder substrates with Act provides for possible land scientific purposes, to enhance the pools, riffles, and shallow runs for adult acquisition and cooperation with the propagation or survival of the species, fish and slackwater areas with large States and requires that recovery and/or for incidental take in connection .,ck outcrops and side channels and actions be carried out for all listed with otherwise lawful activities, In some ools for juveniles. These areas also species. Such actions are initiated by the instances, permits may be issued durini! provide water of good quality with Service following listing. The protection a specified period of time to relieve 1 clatively low silt loads. _ required of Federal agencies and the undue economic hardship that would be I Section 4(bl(8) requires, for any prohibitions against taking and harm are suffered if such relief were not ,~posed or final regulation that discussed, in part, below. available.
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I 25222 Federal Regis'ter / Vol. 51, No. 133-/ Friday, July 11, 1986 / Proposed Rules
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Public Comments Solicited
The Service intends that any final
action from this proposal will be as
accurate and as effective as possible.
. Therefore, any comments or suggestions
from the public, other concerned
governmental agencies, the scientific
community, industry,_or any other
interested party concerning any aspect
of this proposal are hereby solicited. · Comments particularly are sought
concerning! ·
· (1) Biological, commercial trade, or
. other relevant data concerning any.
threat (or lack thereof) to this species;
(2) The location of any additional
· populations of this species and the
reasons why any habitat should or
should not be determined to be critical
habitat as provided by section 4 of the
Ac~ . . . . . . ... ·(3) Additional information·concerning . I •.. · ::~fe';;e and distribution of this .
. (4) current or planned activities In the
subject_aree end their.possible impects I · · on this species; end · ·. ·
. .. (5) Any foreseeable economic end :. . ." ,,. other impacts resulting from the.
. · proposed designation of criticel habital : I Final promulgation of the regulations . · on _this sp'ecies will telce Into · ·· " .. .'. . · consideration the comments end eny · ..
edditional informetion received by the . ·.I · . Service, end such communications mey .. lead to adoption of e fmelreguletion : : thet differs from this proposal ·
.........
The Endangered Species Act provides
for a public hearing on this proposal, if
requested. Requests must be filed within
45 days of the dale of the proposal. Such requests must be made In writing and
addressed to the Endangered Species
Field Office, 100 Otis Street. Room 224,
Asheville, North Carolina 28801.
Nationel.Environmental Policy Act
The Fish end Wildlife Service hes determined that en Environmentel
Assessment, es defined under the
authority of the National Environmentel
Policy Act of 1969, need not be prepared in connection with regulations edopted
pursuant to section 4(e) of the
Endangered Species Act of 1973, es . amended. A notice outlining the Service's reasons for this determination·
was published in the Federal Register on
October 25, 1983 (48 FR 49244) .
· References Cited ·
North Carolina Department of Natural . Resources-and Conunup.ity DE!velopmenL · 1983. Status of Water Resources In the
Cape Fear.River Basin.135 pp ..
Pottern. G.B. and M.T. Huish. 1985. Status
survey of the Cape Fesr shiner (Notropis ..
mekisl<>cho/os). ti.S. Fish and Wildlife .. Service Contract No.14-16--0009--15ZZ.H ·
pp. . . . . Pottein; G.B. and M. T. Huish. 1988.
Supplement to the sta tua survey of the . Cape Fear"shiner [Notropis mekisroi:holcis).
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Contract No. · 14-16--0009-1522. 11 pp.
Snelson. F.F. 1971. Notropis mekistocholas. a new cyprinid fish endemic to the Cape Fear River basin. North Carolina. Copeia
1971:449-462.
Author
The primary ·author of this proposed
rule Is Richard G. Biggins. Endangered
Species Field Office, 100 Otis Street, ·
Room 224, Asheville. North Carolina
28801 (704/259--0321 or FrS 672--0321!,
List of Subjects in 50 CFR Part 17 · ·
Endangered and threatened ·wildlife;
Fish. Marine mammals, Plants . . (agriculture). ·· . · ·· ·' : .. ,.•. ·,,, ·•
Proposed Regulations PromulgaUon.
PART 17-{AMENDEDJ
Accordingly, it is hereby propo;ed to amend Part 17, Subchapter B of Chapter L Title so of the Code or Federal . . .
Regula Uons, as set forth below: . : . 1. The authority citation for Part 17 .. -· continues to read as follows: · .
. Authority: Pub. L 93--205. IIl Stal 884: Pub. . L 9'h'359. 90 Stal 911: Pub .. L 95-632;. 9Z Stal 3751; Pub. L 96-159, 93 Stat lZZS; Pub. L 97-304, 96 Stal 1411 (16 u.s._c. 1531 el seq.)..·_:_ .· .
2. It i~ proposed to amend i 17.ll(h): · · • by adding the following, in· alphabetical . . _ order under "FISHES," to the List of. • ':' ; : Endangered 11nd Threatened Wildlife:' .' · · ·
§11.11· ~~·-~~;;~ ·,:: ·,.•
· wlldllle. ···.'. ·, ,·. i.,.·.·.·:•. · . . . . ... ; ..
(h) •• ~, .. -.... I
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--~---·~• ------:----~.µ INCi------· ""'!9~---E---17.95(•) . .....
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3; It is furtb~r propos~d to amend . § 17.95{e) by adding critical habitat of · the "Cape Fear shiner," in the same alphabetical order as the species occurs . in § 17.ll(h).
§ 17.95 Critical habitat-fish and wHdllle.
(e) • • •
• • • • •
Cape Fear Shiner·.
{Notropis mekistocholas)
(1) North Carolina. Chatham County,
Approximately 4.1 miles of the Rocky
River from North Carolina State ·
Highway 902 Bridge downstream to Chatham County Road 1010 Bridge;
[2) North Carolina. Chatham and Lee Counties. Approximately 0.5 miles of Beer Creek, from Chatham County Road 2156 Bridge downstream to the Rocky
River, then downstream in the Rocky
River (approximately 4.2 miles) to the
· Deep River, th~n downstream ~ !lie · ·
Deep River (approximately'2.6) in
Chatham end Lee Counties, to a point
0.3 river miles below the Moncure, North
Carolina. U.S. Geological Survey Gaging
Station: and . ·
(3) North Carolina. Randolph end Moore Counties. Approximately 1.5 . .
miles of Fork Creek, from a po~i o.i'
creek miles upstream of Randolph
County Road 2873 Bridge downstream to the Deep River then downstream
appoximately 4.1 miles to the Deep
River in Randolph and Moore Counties,
North Carolina, to a point 2.5 river miles
below Moore County Road 1456 Bridge.
. Federal Register / Vol. 51, No. 133 / Friday, July 11, 1986 / Proposed Rules
lconstituent e!eO:.ents include clean
streams with gravel, cobble, and boulder
l strates with pools, riffles, shallow
sand slackwater areas with large
k outcrops and side channels and . pools with water of good quality with
• ati:ely l~w si:t Joa~•·
~ated: May 30, 1986.
P. Daniel Smith. . l inH. Assistant Secre. tary for, Fish and_, -ldlife and Parks. · . . • ..
[FR Doc. 86-15643 Filed 7-lo-86: 8:45 am) rG CODE '31H~
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25223
.. :.,:--•--:h-•.: •·:•::•••.-."
: .. ; .~:-~·:·. :-.-~--. ~-·.·:. -~:: :.--
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' . • ·.!:p•_ ·.· _.,,1 :-··
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Ref. 21 ' Dangerous
Properties of
Industrial Materials ·
Sixth Edition
N. IRVING SAX
Assisted by:
Benjamin Feiler/Joseph J. Fitzgerald/Thomas J. Haley/Elizabeth K. Weisburger
liiffl! VAN NOSTRAND REINHOLD COMPANY
~--NewYork ---
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ARSENIC
CAS RN: 7440382
mf: As; mw: 74.92
NIOSH #: CG 0525000
s·ilvcry to black, brittle, crystalline and amorphous metal-
loid. mp: 814° @ 36 atm, bp: subl @ 612°, d: black
crystals S. 724 @ 14 °; bJack ainor 4. 7. vap. press: 1 mm
@ 372° (sublimes). InSol in water; sol in HN03. See
also arsenic vapor.
SYNS:
ARSENICALS
ARSENIC-75
ARSENIC BLACK
COLLOIDAL ARSENIC
GREY ARSENIC
METALLIC ARSENIC
ARSEN (GERMAN, f'OLISH)
TOXICITY DATA: 3
cyt-mus-ipr 4 mg/k.g/48H-l
orl-rat TDLo=605 ug/k.g/(35 W Prcg)
orl-mus TDLo= 120 mg/kg/
(prcg)=TER
ipr-mus TDLo=40 mg/kg/(prcg):TER
imp-rbt TOLo:75 mg/kg:ETA
orl-man TDLo=7857 mg/kg/
55Y=SKN
orl-man TOLo:7857 mg/kg/55Y=GIT
ims-rat LDLo=20 mg/kg
scu-rbt LDLo=300 mg/kg
ipr-gpg LDLo= 10 mg/kg
scu-gpg LDLo:300 mg/kg
CODEN:
EXPEAM 37,129,81
GISAAA (8)30,77
TJADAB 15,JlA,77
TJADAB 15,JIA,77
ZEKBAI 52,425,42
CMAJAX t20,168,79
CMAJAX 120,168,79
NC(US• PH 43-64-
886,SEPT, 70
ASBlAL 24,442,38
CRSBAW 81,t64,18
ASBIAL 24,442,38
Carcinogenic Determination: Human Positive IARC ..
23,39,80. Carcinogenic Determination: Indefinite
!ARC•• 2,48,73.
TLV: Air: 200 ug/m3 DTLVS• 4,24,80. Toxicology Re-
view: AMIHAB 21,132,60; 85DHAX As,-,77;
JAVMA4 164(3),277,74; CTOXAO 5(2),151,72;
ARVPAX 16,95,76; KOTTAM 11(11),1300,75;
FOREAE 7,313,42; AQMOAC #73-18,1973;
PTPAD4 1,189,76; CLCHAU 19,361,73; 85CVA2
5,63,70; PEXTAR 12,102,69; JOCMA7 2,137,60;
BNYMAM 54,413,78; AMTODM 3,209,77; 85CVA2
5,250,70; 27ITAP 3,19,69. OSHA Standard: Air:
TWA 500 ug/m3 FEREAC 39,23540,74. DOT: Poison
B, Label: Poison FEREAC 41,57018,76. Occupational
Exposure to Inorganic Arsenic recm std: Air: CL 2
ug/m3 NTIS ... "NIOSH Manual of Analytical Meth-
ods" VOL I 139,140,180,188,192,196, VOL 3 S309,
VOL 5 173#. NIOSH Current Intelligence Bulletin
14, 1976. Reported in. EPA TSCA Inventory, 1980.
THR: Human CARC. A hmn SKN, GIT. An exper TER,
ETA, ± CARC. MUT data. HIGH ims, scu, ipr. A
poison. Used as a food additive in food for human
ingestion. See also arsenic compounds.
Fire Hazard: Mod in the form of dust when exposed to
heat or flame or by chemical reaction with powerful
oxidizers such 3.S bromates, chlorates, iodates, perox-
ides, Li, NCI,, KNO3, KMnO,, .Rb,C,, AgNO,, NOC!,
IF,, CrO,, CIF3, CIO, BrF3, BrF,, BrN,, RbC 2 CH,
CsC 2 CH.
Explosion Hazard: Slight in the form of dust when ex-
posed to flame.
Disaster Hazard: Dangerous; when heated or on contact
with acid or acid fumes, cmiL<; highly tax fumes; can
react vigorously on contact with oxidizing materials.
Incomp: Bromine azide, dirubidiurn acctylide, halogens,
palladium, zinc, platinum, NCh, AgNO3, CrOJ, Na2O2,
hexafluoro isopropyl idcncamino lithium.
For further information sec Vol. I, No. 3 of DPIM Report.
ARSENIC COMPOUNDS
SYN: ARSENICALS . • Used as insecticides, herbicides, silvic1des, defohants, de-
siccants and rodenticides. Poisoning from arsenic com-
pounds may be acute or chronic. Acute poisoning ~suall_y
results from swallowing arsenic compounds; chrome poi-
soning from either swallowing or in~al. A~ute allergic
reactions to arsenic compounds used m medical therapy
have been fairly common. The type and severity of reac-
tion depending upon t~e compound _of ars~nic. ln~rganic
arsenicals are more toxic than organics. Tnvalent 1s more
toxic than pentavalent.
Acute arsenic poisoning (from ingestion) results in
marked irritation of the stomach and intestines with
nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. In severe ~ the v?m-
itus and stools are bloody and the patient goes mto
collapse and shock with weak, rapid pulse, cold sweats,
coma and death.
Chronic arsenic poisoning, whether through ingestion or
inhalaiion, may manifest itself in many different ways.
There may be disturbances of the digestive system such
as loss of appetite, cramps, nausea, constipation or diar-
rhea. Liver damage may occur, resulting in jaundice.
Disturbances of the blood, kidneys and nervous system
· are not infrequent. Arsenic can cause a variety o~ skin
abnormalities including itching, pigmentation and even
cancerous changes. A characteristic of arsenic poison-
ing is the great variety of symptoms that can be pro-
duced. A recog care of the skin, lungs, liver. An exper
care of the mouth, esophagus, larynx, bladder and para
nasal sinus.
In treating acute poisoning from ingestion BAL {dimcr-
captol} is of questionable effectiveness for acute and
chronic poisoning with trivalent arsenicals, such as As
trioxide, arsine and arsenites. It is ofno value for pcnta-
valent arsenicals, such as cacodylic acid, methanear-
sonic acid, sodium, cacodylate, MSMA, DSMA, arsan-
ilic acid, arsenic acid, and arsenates. Vomiting and
gastric lavage are the preferred emergency t~eatments
for acute arsenical poisoning. Modern medical treat-
ment of arsenical poisoning uses exchange transfusion
and dialysis (A. E. De Palma, J. Occup Med., Vol.
11,582-587 (1969). Note: Arsenic compounds are com-
mon air contaminants.
Disaster Hazard: Dangerous; when heated to decomp,
or for metallic arsenic on contact with acids or acid
fumes, or when water solutions of arscnicals are _in
contact with active metals such as Fe, Al, Zn, emtts
highly toxic fumes of arsenic.
For further information sec Vol. I, No. 3 of DPIM Report.
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BARIUM
CAS RN: 7440393 NIOSH #: CA 8370000
af: Ba; at wt: 137.36
Silver-white, slightly lustrous, somewhat malleable metal.
mp: 725°, bp: 1640°, d: 3.5 @ 20°, vap. press: 10 mm
@ 1049°. .
TOXICITY DATA: CODEN:
TLV: Air: 500ug/m3 DTLVS* 4,35,80. Reported in EPA
TSCA Inventory, 1980. ,
THR: No data. Sec also barium compounds.
Fire Hazard: Dangerous and explosive in form of dust
when exposed to heat or flame or by chemical reaction.
Incomp: Acids, CCL., C,Ct,F,. CsH,FCI,, c,ci., C,HCI,
and water: 1, 1,2-trichloro trifluoro ethane, fluorotri-
chloroethane, ftuorotrichloromethane, trichlc;roethyl-
ene can detonate in contact with Ba.
For further information see Vol. I, No. 7 and Vol. 3,
No. 4 of DPIM Report.
BARIUM COMPOUNDS (SOLU~LE)
The soluble barium salts, such as the chloride and sulfide,
are poisonous when taken by mouth. The insoluble sulfate
used in radiography is not acutely toxic. Sec also barium
sulfate. Few cases of industrial systemic poisoning have
been reported, but one investigator describes a fatal case
of poisoning attributed to barium oxide, the symptoms
being severe abdominal pain with vomiting, dyspnoea,
rapid pulse, paralysis of the arm and leg, and eventually
cyanosis and death. The same investigator produced pa-
ralysis in animals with barium oxide and carbonate. The
usual result of exposure to the sulfide, oxide and carbonate
is irr of the eyes, nose and throat, and of the skin, produc-
ing dermatitis. The salts mentioned are somewhat caustic.
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CADMIUM
CAS RN: 7440439
mf: Cd; mw: 112.40
NIOSH #: EU 9800000
Hexagonal crystals, silver-white malleable metal.• mp:
320.9°, bp: 767 ± 2°, d: 8.642, vap. press: 1 mm @
394°.
SYNS:
CL 77180 . E.ADMIUM (GERMAN)
TOXICITY DATA: 3
ivn-rat IDLo:J250 ug/kg/(9D
prq):TER \
ipr-mus IDLo•2248 ug/kg/(8D
prq)•TER
ivn-bam IDLo•2 mg/kg/(8D
preg)'TER
ims-rat IDLo:45 mg/kg/4W-I:NEO
um-rat ID :70 mg/kg' ETA
um-rat m:6J mg/kg: ETA
ihl-1'Wl TCl.o•88 ug/m3/8.6Y•SYS
ihl-bmn LCLc,:39 mg/m3/20M
Wik-man LDLo: IS mg/kg
or1-ra1 wso,225 mg/kg
ipr-rat wso:4 mg/kg
ICU-rat LDS0•9 mg/kg
hn-rat LDSO•J mg/kg
Wik-rat LD50:712 mg/kg
wik~us I..DS0:636 mg/kg
orl-rl>t LDLo•70 mg/kg
ICU-mt I..Dl.o:6 mg/kg
um-ham I..DLo!25 mg/kg
cyt-hun=ovr 1 umoVL
ipr-rat IDLo: 1124 ug/kg (ID male)
ICU•rat IDLo:250 ug/kg (19D prq)
orl-mus IDLo•44B mg/kg (MGN)
CODEN:
EVHPAZ 28.245,79
TJADAB 13,33A, 76
EXPEAM 25,56,69
NCIUS• PH-43-64-
886.SEPT,71
BJCAAI 18, 124,64
NATIJAS 193,592,62
AEHLAU 28,147,74
AIHAAP 31,180,70
8SDCAI 2,73,70
TXAPA9 41,667,77
TXAPA9 41,667,77
TXAPA9 41,667,77
TXAPA9 41,667,77
GTPZAB 22(5),6,78
GTPZAB 22(5),6, 78
AMPMAR 34,127,73
PROTA• -,-,SS
NCIUS0 PH-43-64-886
CGCGBR 26,251,80
TXAPA9 41,194,77
APT0D9 19,A122,80
AEHLAU 23,102,71
· Carcinogenic Determination: Animal Pbsitive IARC:**
2,74,73. . ' · .
TLV: Air: 0.05 mg/m3 DTLVS• 4,59,80; TRBMAV
33(1),85,75; IDSCAE 58(12),1767,75; JFDSAZ
39,321,74; ~BOCX 3(2),55,74; QURBAW. 7(1),
75,74; AEMBAP 40,239,73; NTIS•• PB-221,198;
KOTTAM 11(11),1300,75; FOREAE 7,313,42;
STEVA8 2(4),341,74; FCfXAV 9,105,71; AJMEAZ
38,409,65; E;NVRAL 4,71,71; 85CVA2 5,63,70; PEX-
TAR 12,102,69; .PDTNBH 6,204,77; BNYMAM
54,413,78; AMTODM 3,209,77; GSAMAQ 123,
109,71. OSHA Standard: Air: TWA 200 ug/m3; CL
600 (SCP-W) FEREAC 39,23540,74. Occupational Ex-
posure to Cadmium rccm std: Air: TWA 40 ug/m3;
CL 200 ug/m3/15M NTIS••. "NIOSH Manual of
Analytical Methods" VOL I 191,223,224, VOL 3 S312,
S313, VOL 5 173#. Reported in EPA TSCA Inven-
tory, 1980.
THR: MUT d3ta. An exper TER, NEO, ETA, CARC.
A human SYS. HIGH hmn ihl, unk. HIGH or!, ipr,
sci ivn. ims. MOD unk. See also cadmium compounds.
Fire Hazard: Mod, in the form of dust when exposed
to heat or flame or by chemical reaction with oxidizing
agents, metals, HN3, Zn, Se and Te.
Explosion Hazard: Mod, in the form of dust when exposed
to flame.
Disaster Hazard: Dangerous; cadmium dust can react
vigorously with oxidizing materials.
For further information see Vol. I, No. I and Vol. 3,
No. 5 of DPIM Report.
CADMIUM COMPOUNDS
TOXICITY DATA: 3
ihl-bmn TCLo•lSOO ug/m3/14Y-
J:CARC
NIOSH #: EV 0260000
CODEN:
ANY AA9 271.273, 76
Toxko/ogy.Review: STEVA8 2(4),341,7( Occupational
Exposure to Cadmium recm std: Air: TWA 40 ug/
m3; CL 200 ug/m3/15M NTIS••.
THR: An exper CARC. The oral toxicity of Cd and
its compounds is HIGH. However, when these materi-
als are ingested, the irr and emetic action is so violent
that little of the Cd is absorbed and fatal poisoning
docs not as a rule ensue. Cases of human Cd poisoning
have been reported from ingestion of food or beverages
prepared or stored in Cd-plated containers. The inhal
of fumes or dusts of Cd primarily affects the respiratory
tract; the kidneys may also be affected. Even brief expo-
sure to high cone may result in pulmonary edema and
death. Usually the edema is not massive, with little
pleural effusion. In fatal cases, fatty degeneration of
the liver and acutt' inflammatory changes in the kidneys
have been noted. Ingestion of Cd results in a, gastro-
intestinal type of poisoning resembling food poisoning
in its symptoms. lnhal of dust or fumes may cause
dryness of the throat, cough, headache, a sense of con-
striction in the chest, shortness of breath (dyspnca)
and vomiting. More severe exposure results in marked
lung changes, with persistent cough, pain in the chest,
severe dyspnea and prostration which may terminate
fatally. X-ray changes are usually similar to those seen
in broncho-pneumonia. The urine is frequently dark.
These symptoms are usually delayed for some hours
after exposure, and fatal cone may be breathed without
sufficient discomfort to warn the wOrkman to leave
the exposure. There is some evidence of teratogcnicity.
Ingestion of Cd results in sudden na~ salivation,
vomiting and diarrhea and abdominal pain and discom-
fort. Symptoms begin almost immediately after inges-
tion. A yellow discoloration of the teeth has been re-
ported in workers exposed to Cd. Cadmium oxide
fumes can cause metal fume fever resembling that
caused by zinc oxide fumes.
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CHROMIUM
CAS RN: 7440473
AI: Cr; Aw: 52.0
. SYN: CHROME
TOXICITY DATA:
ivn-rat TDLo:2160 ug/kg/6W-I
TFX:ETA
imp-rat TDLo: 1200 ug/kg/6W-I
TFX:ETA
imp-rot TDLo:75 mg/lcg=ETA
NIOSH #: GB 4200000
CODEN:
JNCIAM 16,447,55
JNCIAM 16,447,55
ZEKBAI 52.425,42
Carcinogenic Determination: Animal Suspected IARc••
· 2,100,73; Animal Indefinite !ARC•• 23,205,80. TLV-
TW A 500 ug/m3 DTLVS• 4,98,80. Toxicology Review:
85CVA2 5,63,70; KOTTAM 11(11),1300,75; FO-
REAE 7,313,42; MIBUBI 9(4),321,75; FCfXAV
9,105,71; PEXTAR 12,102,69; 85DHAX Cr,22,74;
BNYMAM 54,413,78; NTis•• Conf-691001. OSHA
Standard: Air: TWA I mg/m3 (SCP-0) FEREAC
39,23540,74. "NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods"
VOL I 152,182, VOL 3; S323,352, VOL 5 173#.
NIOSH Current Intelligence Bulletin 4, 1975. Reported
in EPA TSCA Inventory, 1980. Proposed OSHA Medi-
cal Records Rules FEREAC 47,30420,82.
THR: An exper ETA, CARC.
Disaster Hazard: Powder will explode spont in air.
Jncomp: Oxidants.
For further information sec Vol. 3, No. 3 of DPIM Report.
CHROMIUM COMPOUNDS
Chromic acid and its salts have a corrosive action on
the skin and mu mem. The lesions are confined to the
exposed parts, affecting chiefly the skin of the hands and
forearms and the mu mem of the nasal septum. The char-
acteristic lesion is a deep, penetrating ulcer, which, for
the most part, does not tend to suppurate, and which is
slow in healing. ·
Small ulcers, about the size of a matchhead or end
of a lead pencil may be found, chiefly around the base
of the nails, on the knuckles, dorsum of the hands and
forearms. These ulcers tend to be clean, and progress
slowly. They are frequently painless, even though quite
deep. They heal slowly, and leave scars. On the mu mem
of the nasal septum the ulcers are usually accompanied
by purulent discharge and crusting. If exposure continues,
perforation of the nasal septum may result, but produces
no deformity of the nose. Chromate salts are exper and
hmn CARC of the lungs, nasal cavity and paranasal sinus,
alsO exper CARC of the stomach and larynx. Hexavalent
compounds are said to be more toxic than the trivalent.
Eczematous dermatitis due to trivalent chrom·ium com-
pounds has been reported.
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LEAD
CAS RN: 7439921
mf: Pb; mw: 207.19
NIOSH #: OF 7525000
Bluish-gray, soft metal. mp: 327.43°, bp: 1740°, d: 11.34
@ 20°/4°. vap. press: I mm @ 973°.
SYNS:
C.I. 77575 LEAD s2
LEAD FLAKE OLOW (POLISH)
TOXICITY DATA: 3 CODEN:
orl-n,t ro1,o,790 mg/leg (MGN)
orl-rat TDLo: l 140 mg/kg (14D prc-
21D post)
orl-mus TDLo' I 120 mg/kg (MGN)
orl-mus TDLoC6300 mg/leg (l-21D
prcg)
orl-mus TDLo' 12600 mg/leg (1-21D
prcg)
orl-mus TDLo:4800 mg/kg (1-16D
prcg)
ivn-ham ro1,o,50 mg/kg/(8D
prcg)'TER
orl-dom TDLo,662 mg/leg (1-21W
prcg)
ivn-ham ro1,o,50 mg/kg/(8D
prcg)'TER
orl-wmn ro1,o,450 mg/kg/6YCCNS
ipr-rat LDLo: 1000 mg/kg
orl-pgn LDLo' 160 mg/leg
AEHLAU 23,102,71
PHMCAA 20,201,78
AEHLAU 23,102,71
EXPEAM 31,1312,75
EXPEAM 31,1312,75
BECTA6 18.271,77
EXPEAM 25,56,69
TXAPA9 25,466,73
EXPEAM 25,56,69
JAMAAP 237,2627,77
EQSSDX 1,1,75
HBAMAK 4,1289,35
Carcinogenic Determination: Indefinite IARC.. 23,
325,80.
TLV: AIR: 0.15 mg/m3 DTLVS• 4,243,80; Toxicology
Review: TRBMAV 33(1),85,75; PGMJAO
51(601),783,75; JDSCAE 58(12),1767,75; IRXPAT
12,1,73; CTPHBG 55,147,71; CTOXAO 6(3),377,73;
QURBAW 7(1),75,74; RREVAH 54,55,75; 1AVMA4
164(3),277,74; AEMBAP 40,239,73; CTOXAO
5(2),151,72; FOREAE 7,313,42; KOTTAM
11(11),1300,75; GEIGAI 20(3),291,73; STEVA8
2(4),341,74; CLCHAU 19,361,73; A1MEAZ 38,409,65;
85DHAX PB,254,72; PDTNBH 6,204,77; AMTODM
3,209,77. OSHA Standard: Air: TWA 200 ug/m3
(SCP-0) FEREAC 39,23540,74. Occupational Expo-
sure to Inorganic Lead rccm std: Air: TWA 0. I 0
mg{Pb)/m3 NTIS••. "NIOSH Manual of Analyt-
ical Methods" VOL I 102,191,195,200,208,214,262,
VOL 3 S341.. Reported in EPA TSCA Inventory,
1980.
THR: Sec lead compounds. A hmn CNS. HIGH or!;
MOD irr. A common air contaminant. It is a± CAR
of the lungs and kidney and an cxper TER.
Fire Hazard: Mod, in the form of dust when exposed
to heat or flame. See also powdered metals.
Explosion Hazard: Mod, in the form of dust when exposed
to heat or flame.
lncomp: NH,NO3, CIF,, H,O,, NaN,, Na,C,, Zr. diso-
dium acetylide; oxidants.
Disaster Hazard: Dangerous; when heated, emits highly
tox fumes; can react vigorously with oxidizing materi-
als.
For further information see Vol. I, No. 1 of DPIM Re-
port.
LEAD COMPOUNDS
TH R: Poisons. Lead poisoning is one of the commonest
of occupational diseases. The presence of lead-bearing
materials or lead compounds in an industrial plant does
not necessarily result in exposure on the part of the
workman. The lead must be in such form, and so dis-
tributed, as to gain entrance into the body or tissues
of the workman in measurable quantity, otherwise no
exposure can be said to exist. Some arc CAR of the
lungs and kidneys. Exper NEO, ET A. Mode of entry
into body:
I. By inhal of the dusts, fumes, mists or vapors.
(Common air contaminants.)
2. By ingestion of lead compounds trapped in the
upper respiratory tract or introduced into the mouth
on food, tobacco, fingers or other objects.
3. Through the skin; ihis route is of special impor-
tance in the case of organic compounds of lead, as
lead tctracthyl. In the case of the inorganic forms of
lead, this route is of no practical importance.
When lead is ingested, much of it passes through
the body unabsorbed, and is eliminated in the feces.
The greater portion of the lead that is absorbed is
caught by the liver and excreted, in part, in the bile.
For this reason, larger amounts of lead arc nccessa,y
to cause poisoning if absorption is by this route, and
a longer period of exposure is usnally nccessa,y to pro-
duce symptoms. On the other hand, npon inhal, absorp-
tion takes place easily from the respiratory tract and
symptoms tend to develop more quickly. From the
point of view of industrial poisoning, inhal of lead is
much more important than is ingestion.
Lead is a cumulative poison. Increasing amounts
build up in the body and eventually a point is reached
where symptoms and disability occur. Lead produces
a brittleness of the red blood cells so that they hcmolyzc
with but slight trauma; the hemoglobin is not affected.
Due to their increased fragility, the red cells are de-
stroyed more rapidly in the body than normally, pro-
ducing an anemia which is rarely severe. The loss of
circulating red cells stimulates the production of new
young cells which, on entering the blood stream, arc
acted upon by the circulating lead, with resultant co-
agulation of their basophilic material. These cells after
suitable staining, are recognized as "stippled cells." As
regards the effect of lead on the white blood cells, there
is no uniformity of opinion. In addition to its effect
on the red cells of the blood, lead produces a damaging
effect on the organs or tissues with which it comes in
contact. No specific or characteristic lesion is produced.
Autopsies of ·deaths attributed to lead poisoning and
experimental work on animals, have shown patho-
logical lesions of the kidneys, liver, male gonads, ner-
vous system, blood vessels and other tissues. None
of these changes, however, have been found consis-
tently.
In cases of lead poisoning, the amount of lead found
in the blood is frequently in excess of 0.07 mg per
100 cc of whole blood. The urinary lead excretion gen-
erally exceeds 0. ! mg pe~ liter of urine.
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Hydraulic Characteristics of the
Piedmont and Mountain
Ground-Water System
~ STORAGE
IN
BEDROCK
BEDROCK
One of the most basic concepts of ground-
water hydrology is,hat aquifers function both
as reservoirs, in which water is in storage, and
as pipelines, which transmit water from one
point to another. This is referred to -as the
reservoir-pipeline concept. This concept forms
a useful basis on which to discuss the hydraulic
characteristics of the Piedmont and mountain
ground-water system.
The reservoir (storage) function of aquifers
depends on the porosity. The pipeline function
depends on-the hydraulic conductivity and the
thickness of the aquifer. The approximate
range in porosity and hydraulic conductivity
for the saprolite and bedrock is shown in the
following table.
28
Rock type
Saprolite
Bedrock
Porosity In percent
20-30
0.1-1
ROCK
ACTURES
Hydraulic
conductivity In
feet per day
1-20
1-20
The above values suggest that the principal
difference between saprolite and bedrock is in
water-storage capacity. In other words, the
saprolite has the capacity to store a much
larger quantity of water than does the bedrock.
This is not the entire story, however.
As we noted above, the capacity of an aquifer
to transmit water depends both on hydraulic
conductivity and on aquifer thickness. The part
of the bedrock containing water-bearing
fractures is several times thicker than ·the
saprolite.
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We can then, without great error, view the
ground-water system in the Piedmont and
mountains as consisting of a saprolite reser-
voir overlying a bedrock pipeline consisting of
numerous small, interconnected pipes. In the
vicinity of a pumping well the bedrock
fractures ("pipes") convey water from the
saprolite reservoir to the well.
The yield of a well drawing from fractured
bedrock depends on several factors. The mo·st
important of these are believed to be:
1. The number, size, areal extent, and
·degree of interconnection of the fractures
penetrated by the well,
2. The thickness of saturated saprolite in the
vicinity of the well and the specific yield of
the saprolite, and
,,
29
3. The hydraulic conductivity of the sapro-
lite and the nature of the hydraulic con-
nection between the saprolite and the
bedrock.
The number and the size of the fractures
control the rate at which water can enter the
well. The areal extent and degree of intercon-
nection of the fractures control the size of the
area. that supplies water to the well.
The thickness and the specific yield of the
saprolite determines the volume of water
available from storage in the saprolite. The
hydraulic conductivity of the saprolite and the
. nature of the hydraulic connection between
the saprolite and the bedrock determines the
rate at which water can drain from the
saprolite into the bedrock fractures.
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LI
.1
-MUflf'l<V!l[LT
~{] HOTSl'fllNGSWINDOW
f?l GRANDfAIH[R MOI.JNIAltl WINOOW
El $Mil>◄ RIVER ALLOCIHl<ON
~ BLUE RIDGE BELT
D CKAUCABELT
SYMBOLS
W .. hcat<>e aod 1;o...,,_,, ""''-
[Xf'LANATIQN
r=1 INNER r1[0MO!H BEU
Cl KINGSMOUNTAINBHT
Cl SAUAAIOVJN MOUNTAINS ANTIClltJOAIUM
I l CHARLOTTE BEU
~ MILTON BELT
~ CAROLINA SLAT£ BELT
•o O ,o lO ]() .o "'""
-IRtASSIC (}A$1NS
DUl1HAM } SUB 8AclN$ SANfORO .,
WADESBORO BA.SIN
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DAVI€ RA$1N !OBI
~ RALEIGH BELi
D [ASTERN SLAT[ BELT o,,,,fb,,,t/ '"
Ref. 12
.........,.__._ Pt@-met"""""'°"' oh<ust ,.,,~ G ...... '-,--!-,,-•~---
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MAP SHOWING MAJOR LITHO-TECTONIC FEATURES
REFERENCES FOR TECTONIC FEATURES
10.U~laullaM
11. UnnamO<I faul1
R;,nlJn, D W .• 8prn,Mde, G.H., an.d Neuman, RB, ~~~ =.;.:'.'~C:.:!.°' ~~~
~l~~~p~AM,sc....,,,,_.
12. Unname<I !IN~ · Abbot!, R.N .Jr, ond Rbvmond, LA, 1984, TI><! A.h, M,,amotp1,icSul1<, ,.._.,hwe,1 North C.,ohM m,,a. =~:~~~~2M.~tr· u. a,.....,,n:11<>ut1 ,_ R'fi~~;i1t a~c=.;i.~~r Jc .. ~~~rttt...,6:!J fault In Nnflh aOO South Carolin.. US Geolo<itl
~~~:1:1 r<ibr~~~zo~ z::tr;:t·1~{B~~ ~Su.......,,G,,ob_,c
U BowM< Cro"< f3ull
Coni.•y. J r.11 ar<I ll~n&... W S • 1970. C'.-.•ology ol tlw ~~ r:;,:;;:tR~~~~~:t;ln~~
22.46p 1~ A,;:.•:,;,:i'!, GH. flank,n, OW. 51"'"'• KW. anJ Ne,.man. !l !I, 1'11;,, ""'"•]'( m.1poloh,•,,,,, h.1llol the W,r,,o,,,, Salem Qu.,d,on~k•, No<1h Corohna V"'P""' US C.,•,,l,•J'<.sl Su"'•"I M,,,._,.11.,,_,.,, In "'-"'°'I-''""'' Map I 7tiJ II 16 s'""n:,:~~r i'."'."~uth•, .. I II , a,w.J c~""'"· U A. 1'1(.(,, fl.,. uar,I I.mil ,on,•. Nw<h Ca«,lono '"""' ""'"'P""'"'""' Ceolo~,c•I So,c"''V llm,•r,c.l ~"'"'I f'apn M7. p 247
1 I Un.-..nne,.J p•en•e1.,.no,,~,.c lh<uSI 1.,,,1, !la~~,. II o. J1. M,c,,.~ ... n. Kl. lle-1•·•. II.I, ... t 11,-yn. ! ,•un,._ l'l,l,l, Soutlwm Appalachi.\r, n'1,•m,,,I 1,.,.,. . .,,.,,,,.,,,_,1, 1h,•~'"''''""" M"""'"""""''"I, """"'" . .,.,1 ,h.• I',,,.. Mm""·'"' ...,.,,Imo, m,o\srl, 11 . .,,,,.,J t>v ,,,_,,,,, 1,.,11< ,,.,1 ,,,,.,,.,. t,-.,,,ian,, : ~, ~ •:,.,J ,;<;.~--;~;-..,..,.-a Af><n " i, ~••h ,,..,.,.,.~,
18 D,,,n R,,;,ir taul1 $10nc, RW .• 1912,Cool on Dan Rlver, North C.rol,no US ~ Su""Y Buil<ztln 471-B, p lJ7-l69 19 Newton armtorm Goldsn-tth, RldWd. Milton_ DJ , and Honon, J W .. Jt., ::rl!tt.~~~'t'~~-~~~
~T-'i2Si".~ella,...,,.,,G.-olog,c.,l)~oon,
20. Eufcia taut! ~~~-lJc~~-~~: ;r~~;:.t:~~h~~-~ nos.la<>d2.pt'021
21" K•1i:::;,":i'~, ti'98{J~Sh,a, ,ones a<St><Jated ...,,i, •~ King,. Mountain beh ...-ar IN Nani, C.mlina-South C.rolt"" .aa,, ine. Geolo<ilc-,1 Soc,,tv Am,•nu Al>-otra<I> wnt, progra,.,,._ v 12, "" 4. p 1!10 22 SO<Jlh for~ ant,lorm
r.<~e.Gtl, a<>dPo"er.DB. 1%0, K~ar<M. "l!manlle. o<>d ar.d,h,"I• .i.,.,,,at, ol tfw ,.,.,,h,a<I• em "->lft U $. Gtt.k.)'<o! Su,-,. P.ol""""-'1 Pape, J-36. 121 p
23. ~",;;,C:J ~~~:.~~-Shear'°'"'' "'-"<l,l1,·,1 ...,,h ,,-.., Kong, Mounl.,ln bdt ne•r 11>< Nori/, C•"""'" s,._,,1-, C..,ci,na <1•0< 1,,., G.,,,.,k,..J'(•I s,,_._.,,,. /\""""'' Ab "'"'""'"h P,,•J•m,. v 12,"" 4. p 11'-(l 24 Gold M,I 1,,ull
1,.nP<J, F B, 1910. Th.. GokJ IMI mmmqJo<lr•, ,,l N,~11, Carol,n., N,w!h CamlOna G,•,a«Joral arnl r,.,n,.,.~ Survey llull,·hn 21. J.17 1, 2', Sdv,,. Hrll laun. 26 S,t,e, v.,Ney •~nc1,,., and
1]. Do<>IO<l .>nl,c-5"'~~::·t,:,;.~1~•N'.:~~c.:,:r.~: tl\ ·~:~ .t:~1~ s"""'II <>r--" J"ile !lq•"'· 1• M,"121
28 New U,r,don svrw;l,ne and
29 Trcr; an,.chM C..:~.~%2~~~
Minn,,! Re.our,:.,, &ken 75, 26 p. 30. Colon CIOSS'$!rlJC1ute and J 1. Jonest.oro IJult
C.,mpb,,U, MR., ar>d f(jmbaJI, l(_W,, 1923. Tho 0..ep Rtw,-coal llcld of North Carolina N0<1h urollN
32. F\ale,gt, ~ •<>d Econon,,: Swwy lluDetin JJ. 95 p
F~ .. ~i,~~~~8:!::Wts" ~~~• :"'1hC.mtir.a, NarthC.n>ttnaS,a1e
33 Nuot>ush Creek lault ~a.II. Tom. 1977, Tho f'J<atbu,h c,..,, dn.lor:,,l>Ot\. V•"'e Countv, North Comlir.o, or><! M,,:;JJront>u,g County, Vorgmia-1i:w,,boblelaullolr~l<lgc,,~. ;,~:;:~rnc;,~1cr,: t:•rz;.';i~ A ocl> -.,,h
)4 Wako--Warren ant,cl"'""'""' Pa,l<ff, J M., Ill. l'Holl. Srructu,e ol easo~~ Nonh c.,o11na Piedmont Sou,t.e .. ,~m ~".I\/, ~-9. no J, p JJ7.1.l!. JS Sr,,ng HQM synlo,m
F •~i'.~ r~..fe~~~~ ~ ~:~•;i':f1~!~1 /~~~~,;;ro,~~
Ca,ci,na ,nCo,la<n.J K ,a<>d\,iow,, Lynn. Ill. Eva I· """"" and l.><!/''1mgol 9"')1h,.,...! ..,...,g<; rn<\o•K ...
in the ,,,.,,h~ot,rn Un,,eJ Staoe,· V"9""" !',",1,·chnO( ln,t1tuh• ar,d Stat, Un""'"'i(• US (~·r• •t,1·~"f~f· 11,•1><"' "" Vl'l&SlJ.7Mr:T2 Ofll -R. p /\.
J6 C,ll><' Fr,1< a«n
Si.·~';'."'A,t:;';'.; i;~r·if.:;f'c1:~:f'i°;",::; r,::_~,~
Wa-hcrwJ,O~ /\c,>do·my S.-,.-nc.-. V I!,. p 1(,() ,Ill() 31. l'•e M,•so,rnc ''"''"""'' llr<>wn, f',M .,1,11,,, .. I A, ~n,I Sw,1,n_ r '-1, 1"12. s""'""•I ,,,.i "'·'"'r•r>I'-= h .. ,, ....... ,. anJ .. ,.,,.,1 ,l~1"t~,,,,,.., nl 1•·,m,·•l•lty ,J lh.-llrl•n"' C,,.,,1,,/ l'L,,n. i"•Kl~ C•mln"' 0<> t-..... Y,Kk lJ S (;...-J,•l'<•I ~'"'•"I 1~,.,,.,,..,,. .. 1 l'.,p .. , 7',;,, 1•1 r
I 'j
-- - --- - - - -- - -- - - -1;.-,., London 5tMly "' "' -;-,. J Sunsot S,,ech Brunswick 108 ,04 181 ,5 t~•lond Avory 524 · 722 )1,6 Surf City Pendor 166 )91 n,., Newport Corterot 1,735 1,883 8-5 Swl!nsboro Chslow 1,207 976 -19, I tJ.,.,ton G.-i t.1wbo 7,857 7,624 -,.o Sylvo Jockson 1,561 1,699 a.a Nowton Q-ove 5.lmpson 546 S64 ,., Tobor City Colurrbus 2,400 2,710 I 2,9 Nori lno W.Jrren 969 901 -7,0 Tor Ilea!" Ol11den 87 118 J5,6 tlormM Richmond ,,, 252 60-5 Torboi-o Edgecombe 9,425 B, 6)4 -8,4 N..Jrth WI lkoshoro WI lkos J,J57 J,260 -2-9 Tay1orvll.lo Alox11nder 1,2'1 I, IOJ -10,4 tQr .. ood St11n I y 1,896 1,818 -4,1 Teochey 0:Jpl In 219 m 70.J Oak Cl ty Martin '59 .,, -15,0 Thomasvl I le Dtivldson 15,2'0 14,144 -7, 1 0.-:.kboro Sttinly 568 587 ,., Topsa 11 Beech Pender 108 264 144,4 Ocean Isle Oe.-,ch Brunswick 78 14' BJ,J Trent Woods Crovon 719 1,177 6J,7 Old fort 1-\::())w,j 11 676 752 11, 2 Trenton .k>nos "9 407 -24, 5 Old Sp11rt11 Edg'JCcmbe "' "' "' Troutman lredol I 797 1,J60 70-6 Orienta,! P.,ml lco "' 5J6 20,4 · Troy 1-bntgocnery 2,429 2, 702 11.2 Orrum Rob~son 162 167 ,. 1 Tryon Polk 1,951 1,796 -7,9 O,dord Q-i:irwl I lo 7,178 7,603 5.9 Turkey Stimpson m 417 26,7 Pontogo Ooaufort 218 185 -15,l Untonvllle Union "' "' "' Pa,rk ton PJ:iboson '50 564 2., Vol dose Ourko J, 182 J,J64 ,.1 Porrnoli, Mortin ,,, ••• 29.a Vanceboro 0-ovon "' "' 9.9 Patterson Springs Clovolond 478 7J1 52,9 VMdemero Paml ICO '79 "' -11,6 ro,-,,:h I and Anson '56 506 -9,0 Va,ss Moore 885 828 -6.4 P&rmroko Robeson 1,982 2,698 J6, I •~o Cleveland 245 ,22 Jl ,4 Plkevl I lo Wayne 580 662 14,1 Wada Currborl 11nd "' 474 50,5 Pl lot t,\:,untt1 In Surry l,J09 1,090 -16, 7 Wadesboro Anson J,977 4,206 5.a PI no Kilo 11 Shores ~rtorot 62 646 941 ,9 Wagrom Scot lend 718 617 -14. 1 Pino lov'JI Johnston 98' 95' -J,l Wake Forest Woke J, 148 ,. mo 20, I P1nob1ull >boco 570 93' 64-0 Wal loco ,Dupl In, Ponder 2,905 2, Q()J --0. 1 P\nohurst >born 1,056 "' "' Wolnut Cove .. Stokos 1,21} 1,IH -5 • .t Pinetops Edgoccwnbe 1,J79 1,465 6-2 '!fol nut Crook.. Wayno 81 "' J2}.5 . Plnovll le t,\x:k, lonburg 1,948 1.~n, -21. 7 'lflllstonblJl"g Greeno 176 181 2.a Pink H11 I Lenoir m 644 2J.4 Worronton Worren 1,0)5 908 -12.J Pl ttsboro Olllthllffl 1,447 1,JJ2 -7.9 Worsow txipl In 2,701 2,910 1. 1 Plymouth Wosh I ngton 4, 774 -i,571 -4.J Woshlngton Booufort 8,961 8,418 -6-1 Polk.ton '"'°" '" 762 -9-8 Woshlngton Pork Beoufort m ". --0.6 Polk.vi I le Clevolond 494 "' 6-9 Wothll Ponder 101 196 8.) Pol locksvl I le .bnos 456 ,,. -J0,3 Waxhow Union 1,240 1,206 -3,2 ~ I Po.,ollsvllle Bortle 247 '20 29.6 Weynesv I I le Haywood 6,4B8 6, 765 ,., Prlncetot1 Joht1ston 1,044 1,0J4 -1.0 Wooverv I I le BuncOTt>e 1,200 1,-195 16,6 Pr-lncov1 J le Edgecombe 6'4 1,508 130.6 Webster Jock.son 181 200 10,5% f'ro,:torv I I lo Roboson 15 7 205 30,6% Wo I don Ha I lfax 2,304 l,OH -20,0% Rnr.,lord li:lk.o 3,160 3,630 14.2 Wllndol 1 Wi,ke 1,92') 2,222 15,2 ft11lolgh Wt1ko 122,0}0 150,255 22,J Wost .J,Jf forson k.ho nos 0~2 -7 ,5 Rl'lm<;.Our Rnndolph 1,328 I, 162 -12., Whlsporlng Pines "'°'" ,., I, 11;0 220,,1 Rllnd lernlln flnndolph 2,J12 2,156 -6. 7 Whlttikors Edgoccrnbo, Nnsh 926 914 --0. 2 nan lo G.:iston 2,092 I, 774 -15,2 Whl te Lake Bladon m 968 317,2 Rt1ynht1m Roboson 75 " 10, 7 Whltovlllo Coluritius '4,195 o::;, 565 32,7 Rod Oek. tbsh }59 ,,. -12.5 WI 1 k.esboro Wt lkes 2,030 2, JJ5 14,6 Rod Spr I ngs RobfJSOn 3,383 3,607 6.6 WI 11 lamsbor-o Yonce "' 59 "' Reldsvl I le lbckl ngharn 13,6)6 12,492 -8-4 WI 11 Jamston Mortin 6,570 6,159 .... , Ronnort Rob<l!:On 175 178 1 • 7 WI lmlngton l'bw Hanovor 46,169 44,000 -4. 7 Rrio,Jh I ss llurke, C11ld.,el I 704 727 -7..J W1 Ison WI 1 son 29,347 )4,424 11., Rich Sq1111re torth11mpton 1,254 1,057 -1,. 7 Windsor Bortle 2. 19'} 2,126 -J.) Rlchflold Sti,nly ,06 m 21,9 Win fa I I Perqulmsns 501 6'4 9,1% Rlchltmds Cxis1ow 9" 825 -11.a Wlngoto Un Ion 2,569 2,615 1-B RoMok.o R11plds Ht! I I la)( 1},508 u. 702 8°8 Winston-Solem Forsyth 1JJ,6tl.S D\,lll}'j -1.:, Rohb1ns "'°'" 1,059 1,256 18,6 Wlntervl I le Pitt 1,4}7 2,052 42-8 Robblnsvl I le Graham 777 1,370 76,J Winton Hort ford 917 .,, -10.0 Rol>orsonv I I le Mr.irtln 1,910 1,981 ,. 7 Woodfin Bunccnibo 2,831 ),260 15,2 Rockingham Richmond ,,852 8,}00 -i 1,8 'IIOOdland l'brth&11pton 744 061 1,.1 Woodvl I le Bortle "' 212 -16,2 Wrlghtsvl I le BellCh tow Hlll'\OVer 1,701 2,910 71, I Yadk.lnvlllo Y11dkln 2,232 2,216 --0. 7 Yaupon Bol'lCh Brunswick '" "" 70,.4 Youngsv 11 le Frankl In '" 486 -12 • .t Zebulon .... 1,839 2,055 11. 7 tt,rth Corollne Hunlclpal Pcpulatlon 2,210,006 2,476,041 15,6 (a) 011vldson, Gui I lord, and Rendolph counties. .. lb) Ed9ocor!'bo, N.<tsh, and WI Ison counties. f4'\ -rbt Avtill®le SOl.flCE: U,S, Oopl'lrtmont ol Cornmorce, Durol'Ju of tho Consus, Office or State Budget and Manogernent, Resoarch and Plannln9 Services,
----

-
Table 18 -

-
--POPULATION OENs1·1:
Placo 1960 1970
Ahosk lo 3,274 2,687
Albemarle 2,151 1,918
Ape)(, 1,052 "" Archi1ale 1,382 1,130
Asheboro 2,197 2,076
Ashevl I le 2,774 2,587
Aydon 2,072 2,029
Beaufort 5,844 . 3,062
Belmont 2,635 2,292
Benson 2,355 "" Bcss~mor City 1,217 1,581
81.Jck Mountain 1,313 1,001
Oonnle Doone {CCf') 953 "" Boone 2,304 2,245
Brovard 2,857 2,497
Brogdon (CCf') "" "" Burl lngton 2,677 2,364
Butner (CDP) "" 1,220
Camp Lejeune Central CCCf>) "" 2,107
Conton 973 2,715
Carrboro 2,853 1,265(b)
Cory 1,243 I, 161
Chope\ HI 11 3,592 3,274
Chorlotte 3,199 3,173
Chorryvl I le 2,576 1,81.l
Clayton 1,660 1,939
Clomrrons (CCP) "" ""
Cllnton 2,487 2,105
Concord 3,632 2,676
Conover 2,851 2,237
Dnl Ins ,. 721 2,136
Oovl<.b;on 2,57.l 1,466
Dunn 3, 1~3 2,015
Durhom 3,676 2,608
Eost Flat Rock IC~P) 822 938
Enst Rockingham (COP) 2,676 2,302
Edon "' 1,356
Edonton 2,026 1,362
Elizabeth City 3,430 2,814
E 11 zobethtown 2,}21 "" Elk In 896 906
E Ion College 2,140 "' Elroy <CIY) "" "" Enfield 2,482 2,727
Enka (COP) "" '"
Enochvl I le (COP) "" "' Erw ln 2,449 2,194
Folrrront 1,203 1,767
Falrplalns (COP) "' "" formvllle 3,075 2,458
Fayettevl I le 3,205 2,287
Forest City 1,681 825
Fort Bragg (COP} "" 2,701
FrankHn 701 "'
Fuquay-Vr:irlno 1,093 1,192
Gorner 1,726 2,140
.. Gnstonlo 3,584 2,369
Glbsonvl I le 1,784 "' Glon Raven (COP) 1,051 1,499
Goldsboro 4,067 2,979
Gormon (COP) "" "" Groham 2,340 2,335
Granite Fal Is 1,469 ""
-

-
--

-

-
--OF PU.CES WITH 2,500 OR HJRE IN--iABITAITTS
TlARS 1960, 1970 MO 1980
1900 Place
1,880 Lurrbcrton
1,035 Modi son
l,D9 Mal don
942 Mor\c,;n
1,387 Mor-Moc (CDP}
t,867 Masonboro (CDP>
1,817 Maxton·
1,594 Mayodan
1,772 MOOone
2,148 Mint HI 11
1,496 Mocks vi I le
972 Monroe
1,700 Moorosvl I le
2,682 Morehead CI ty
2,047 Morganton
1,358 Mount Airy
2,231 Mount Holly
1,514 Mount 01 Ive
1,636 Murfreesboro
2,437 Myrtle Grove (CCV)
2,9)4 Noshvl I le
2,176 New Bern (CDP}
2,594 Now Hope (CDP) (Woke County)
2,251 Now Hope (CDP) (Wayne County}
1,794 New River Stotlon (COP)
1,023 Newton
705 North Belmont (CDP)
1,678 North WI lkesboro
2,017 Ogden (CW)
1,249 Oxford
2,386 Pork111ood (CDP)
1,350 Peroroko
1,067 Plnohurst (COP)
2,404 Pine Volley (COP)
990 Plnoy Groen-White Oak (COP)
1,442 Plyrrouth
1,339 Poplar Tent (COP)
1,488 Pumpkin Center (COP}
2,900 Raoford
966 Raleigh
752 Red Springs
2,394 Roldsvl I le
590 Roonoke Rap Ids
2,496 Rockt ngham
843 Rocky Mount
696 Rosewood (COP}
1,768 Roxboro
1,477 Ruthorfordton
634 St. Stephens <CDP)
2,241 Solem (COP) <Burke County).
1,803 Sal lsbury
1,220 Sanford
2,213 Scot I and Nock
852 Seagate (COP)
972 Selma
2,143 Shelby
2,181 Sllor City
I, 791 SI Ivor Lake (COPJ
672 Smlthf lel d
.2,213 Southern Pines
256 South Gastonia (COP)
1,807 South Goldsboro (COP)
992 Southport
1960 1970 1980
2,FJ34 3,141 1,614
2,731 "' 510
"' "' 1,287
2,573 2,382 2,047
"' "' 732
"' '" 616
1,950 '" -1,595
3,380 2,875 1,751
1,689 "' 1,855
"" "' 574
743 790 n,
1,727 1,736 1,620
2,096 1,957 1,824
3,722 3,489 2,180
2,355 1,841 1,012
2,822 1,592 1,430
2,125 1,459 1,562
3,115 2,730 2,4}0
1,888 2,339 1,769
"" "' 301
2,372 "' 1,275
6,287 3,858 2,510
"' "' 602
"' "' 942
'" 1,192 711
2,010 2,910 1,580
1,028 1,098 l, 170
976 746 724
"' "" 574
2,251 1,795 2,001
"' "" 1,710
1,524 "' J,373 .,. "' 135
"' "' 91')
"' '" 556
1,720 1,540 l,20J
"' "' 461
"" "' 852
I, 176 1,178 1 ,}44
2,787 2,708 2, 79:,
2,516 1,990 1,202
1,877 1,794 1,666
2,562 2,289 2,014
1,969 1,773 1,627
3,457 2,765 2,281
"" "' 564
2,145 2, 2}8 2,0¼
1,305 1,248 1, }74
"' "' 900
NA NA 601
3,435 2,649 1,718
2,785 2,663 1,252 ,
2,704 2,391 1,889
"" "' 815
2,585 2,904 2,381
2,493 2,206 I ,988
1,142 ,. 172 1, 112
"" "" 541
2,781 2,007 1,157
1,181 1,142 1,119
1,344 "" 1,362
"' "" 791
1,071 "" 1,569
--
. .
-
I.,,
v<
- -
,roon---;. roon
Half Moon (CCP) "' Hamlet 2,478
Havelock 1,217
llendcrson 3,267
Hondersonv I I lo 2,815
H lckory • 2,196
Hickory North (CDP) <67
High Point 2,035
H 11 I sborough 2,698
Hope MIiis 652
Hudson 960
JackSonvl I le 4,352
Jacksonv I I le East <CDP> ti'\
JmnQS City (COP> 921
Kann<.1pol ls (CDP) 1,403
Kernersvl I le 1.634
King (COP) "' Kings Gront (CDP) "' Kings Mountain 2,503
Kinston 5,065
La Grange 2,}70
Laur I nburg 2,010
Lenoir 2,385
le11 lsvl I le (COP) "' lex lngton 2,775
llncolnton 2,850
long Vlo11 2,141
Louisburg 2,044
Lowe I I 1,326
(a) Populatlon per square ml le of land area.
Cb) Revised-
COP Census Dosl9nated Place.
NA r-bt Ava 11 ab le
/;II.II ,,. ' ,
W, 570
2,011 1,88:)
1,506(b) 979
3,563 2,940
2,478 2,214
2,078 I, 71'.j
"' 63(>
2,052 2,012
"' 1,372
"' 1,546.
1,175 1,155
.},815 2,159
"' 3,083
1,432 1,055
1,214 1,434
1,605 1,620
"' "' "' 1,2}8
1,881 1,816
3,718 2,804
"' 1,574
1,926 1,57}
1,400 1,109
ti'\ '" 1,670 2,123
2,647 1,877
2,100 2,110
2,101 1,542
1,575 1,167
.cor -dale. --:,01~,<l21-,:!<•)~ ,65 ,749 923
Spring Lnke },736 3,607 2,163
Stanleyvll le (CDP> 711 "' 646
States vi I le 2,181 2,127 1,66j
SwannenO'!I (CCf>) 1,288 "' 266
Tibor City 2,126 "' 1,004
Torboro 4,427 2,547 2,272
Thomas vi I le 2,713 2,3-43 2,080
Trinity {CDP) "' "' 60<
Troy 1,564 ti'\ 1,589
Voldoso 1,279 1,3:l6 1,005
WadesbC'i-O I, 783 1,591 1,602
Wake Forest I, 776 2,099 1,000
Wal lace 1,904 2,421 1,075
Warsaw 1, 7r:fl 1,422 1,215
Woshlngton 5,2}1 2,}58 1,91}
Waynesvl I le 2,124 2,093 1,990
Welcome (CDP) ti'\ ti'\ )45
Wost Concord (COP) 2,204 2,228 792
Whltevl I le 2,036 1,678 1,}57
WI 11 lamston 2,473 2,666 2,05}
WI lmlngton 5,791 2,638 2,047
Wt Ison 4,228 3,623 2,608
Windemere (CDP). "' ti'\ 1,055
Wingate 1,449 ti'\ 2,012
WI ns ton-Sa !em 3,399 2,352 2,173
Winter Park (COP) ti'\ "' I, 732
Woodfin ti'\ ti'\ 959
Wrlghtsboro (CDP) ti'\ "' <86
Wrl ghtsvl I le Beoch "' ti'\ 2,079
NOTE: Figures ll'"e shown as they appear In the Census Bureau's publlshed OOcuments and 00 not reflect any corrections that ~ere made
to the population coonts since revisions to the land area are not available,
SOURCE: u.s. Oopartmont ot Commorco, Bureau of tho Consus •
--
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I Hospital (Address and Phone Number)
Granville Hos ital
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Hw, 96, Oxford, NC
Emergency Transportation Systems (Phone Numbers)
Fire use 911
Ambulance __ __:u~s~e:.....;9~1~1:::..... ____________ _
Rescue Squad __ _;u~s~e=----9=1~1 ___________ _
Emergency Route to Hospital Turn right off of Industrial Drive onto SR 1004
This merges with Hwy. 15, take this to State Highway 96, take a left onto
highway 96. Hospital will be on the right in approx. 2 miles,
PREVAILING WEATHER CONDITIONS AND FORECAST _ _;c~o~l~d:;_;a~n~d:;_;c~l~e~a~r=-·~w~i~t~h-=t~e~m~p~·---=i~n:.._ __
mid 40's.
----
EQUIPMENT CHECKLIST
Air purifying respirator
Cartridges for respirator
3M 8710 Respirator
02 Indicator
Detector Tube & Pump
Eye wash unit
H NU
pH Meter
Explosimeter
Radioactive Monitor
X
X
X
----X
First Aid Kit
3 gal. Distilled H20
Personal Protective
Clothing
Boots or Boot Covers
Coveralls (tyvek)
Eye Protection
Hard Hat
Decontamination
Materials.
Poison Control Center -State coordinator
ASHEVILLE
704-255-4490
CHARLOTTE
704-379-5827
DURHAM
1-800-672-1697
GREENSBORO
919-379-4105
1-800-722-2222
Duke University Medical Center
Telephone: [phone]
Box 3024
Durham, NC 27710
Western NC Poison
Control Center
Memorial Mission Hosp,
509 Biltmore Ave. 28801
Mercy Hospital
2001 Vail Ave, 28207
Duke Univ Medical Center
Box 3007, 27710
Moses Cone Hospital
1200 N. Elm St, 27420
HENDERSONVILLE
704-693-6522
Ext. 555, 556
HICKORY
704-322-6649
JACKSONVILLE
919-577-2555
WILMINGTON
919-343-7046
Margaret R. Pardee
Memorial Hospital
Fleming st., 28739
Catawba Mem. Hosp.
Fairgrove Chur. Rd 28601
Onslow Mem. Hospital
Western Blvd. 28540
New Hanover Mem. Hospital
2131 S. 17th St, 28401
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HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE INFORMATION FORM
Chemical Name: ~A~l~k~a~l~i:......;c~y~a~n~1~·d~e~s=-------------------------
I. PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Reference
Chemical Formula NaCN KCN ----------------1,2 3
Natural Physical State at 25°C solids for CN salts 1
HCN -liquid or gas
Vapor Pressure O mm Hg at 20°c 3
Melting Point _____ °F/°C Boiling Point ______ °F/0 c
Flash Point (open or closed cup) _______ °C/°F
Solubility -H2o 58 -72% salts
Other ___________________ _
Physical Features: (odor, color, etc.) almond like odor. HCN -gas or
liquid at room temp. CN salts: white, deliquescent, non-combustible solids.
I II. TOXICOLOGICAL DATA
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3 3 .3
Standards: 5 mg/m TLV 5 mg/m PEL 50 mg/m IDLH ----
Routes of Exposure: ~i~n~h~a~l~a~t~i~o~n~,c...,:s~k~1~·n"------------------------
Acute/Chronic Symptoms: Acute: headaches, unconsciousness, nausea, vomiting,
difficulty breathing, paralysis & death. Chronic: fatigue and weakness.
First Aid: In case of contact with material flush eyes and skin with running
water for 15 minutes. Speed in removing material from skin if of extreme
importance. Antidote: sodium nitrate & sodium thiosulfate, medical attention
needed.
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Chemical Name: Alkali cyanides
III. HAZARDOUS CHARACTERISTICS
A. Combustibility Yes
Toxic by-products
No X
B. Flammability LEL ____ _ UEL
c. Reactivity Hazard acid, acid salts, chlorates and nitrates
D. Corrosivity Hazard pH:
Neutralizing agent:
E. Radioactive Hazard Exposure Rate
~-Background yes~
Alpha particles yes@
Beta particles yes(§)
Gamma radiation ye€)
IV. REFERENCES
The Merck Index, 10th Edition, 1983.
NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards, 1985.
Documentation of the TLVs, 1980.
MG/3-86/Form 2
Reference
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HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE INFORMATION FORM
Chemical Name: Chromium, metal and insoluble salts
I. PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Chemical Formula Cr ------=-==-------------
Natural Physical state at 25°c solid ----------
Vapor Pressure N/A mm Hg at 20°c
Melting Point _____ °F/°C Boiling Point ______ °F/°C
Flash Point (open or closed cup) N/A •c/°F --~----
Solubility -H2o not soluble in water
Other --------------------
Reference
1
1
1
Physical Features: (odor, color, etc.) properties vary depending upon
specific compound.
II. TOXICOLOGICAL DATA
3 Standards: l mg/m TLV 3 1 mg/m PEL .3 500 mg/m IDLH -~2 __ _
I Routes of Exposure: ~I~n~h~a~l~a~t~i~o~nc.:.....:a~n~d,:_~in=g=e=s=t~i=o~n'-------------------
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Acute/Chronic Symptoms: -~C~h~r~o~n~1~·c::..:..:_f=.ib=r=o=s~i=s.....::o=f.....::t~h~e:.....::l~u~n~g,.._ __________ _
First Aid: Eyes: irrigate immediately, Skin: soap & water wash,
Inhalation: fresh air & artificial resp., Ingestion: medical attention.
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HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE INFORMATION FORM
Chemical Name: Halogenated solvents
I. PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Chemical Formula _______________ _
Natural Physical state at 25°C liquid
Vapor Pressure 14 -91 mm Hg at 20°C
Melting Point _____ °F/°C Boiling Point 170 -250 (:V•c
Flash Point (open or closed cup)
Solubility -H2o insoluble
----'-n'-'0--'n'"'e'-__ ° C/ ° F
Other __________________ _
Reference
1
1
1
1
1
Physical Features: (odor, color, etc.) colorless liquids at room temp.
sweet odor. I.P. CHC12 -11.42, CC12CC12 -9.32, CHCLCC12 -9.47 ev
CH2Cl2 -11. 35
II. TOXICOLOGICAL DATA
Standards: 5 -350 TLV 10 -350 PEL 300 -1000 IDLH
I Routes of Exposure: ~I~n~h~a~l~a~t~i~o~n~•e....:s~k~1~·nc:..._ ____________________ _
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Acute/Chronic Symptoms: Acute: headache, dizziness, irritation to nose & eyes
narcotic feeling. Chronic: liver damage.
First Aid: Eye: irrigate immediately. Skin: soap wash immediately.
Inhalation: fresh air & artificial resp. Ingestion: medical attention.
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I Chemical Name: Halogenated solvents
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III, HAZARDOUS CHARACTERISTICS
A. combustibility Yes
Toxic by-products
B, Flammability
No X
LEL ____ _ UEL· _____ _
c. Reactivity Hazard Chemically active metals (K, Na, etc,)
strong caustics & oxidizers.
D, Corrosivity Hazard yes~ pH:
Neutralizing agent:
E, Radioactive Hazard Exposure Rate
Background yes@
Alpha particles yes@
Beta particles yes/@
Gamma radiation yes{§
IV, REFERENCES
NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards, 1985,
MG/10-86/Form 2
•
Reference
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I Chemical Name: Chromium, metal & insoluble salts
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III. HAZARDOUS CHARACTERISTICS
A. combustibility Yes
Toxic by-products
No X
B. Flammability LEL _t""•/c...cAc.__ __
c. Reactivity Hazard strong oxides
D. corrosivity Hazard yes@
Neutralizing agent:
UEL
pH:
E. Radioactive Hazard Exposure Rate
Background yes@
Alpha particles yes~
Beta particles yes,€)
Gamma radiation yes€)
IV. REFERENCES
The Merck Index, 10th Edition, 1983.
Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards, NIOSH, 1985.
MG/10-86/Form 2
Reference
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SITE SAFETY PLAN
A, GENERAL INFORMATION
Site Name Channel Master ---"""--'-C.C....C.C"---~-------------Site Number NC Dl22263825
L O Cation Industrial Drive
Oxford, NC
Purpose of Visit ____ PA
Proposed Date of Inspection
_ccx __ SI
2/18/87
Other ---
Date 2/16/87 -----'"---'"-'-'~-'---
Date of Briefing 2/17/87 --~-~----------
Priority Ranking
Site Investigation Team
Personnel
Jack Butler
Stan Atwood
Lee Crosby
LOW X Medium -=----High
Responsibilities
Sampling
Sampling
Observing
PLAN PREPARATION: j l/1 I • • u lfl! () j LJ
Prepared By Mary Giguere /V~ ,7 /J )JL V' C 1
Reviewed By '4-t,...-~~.-1.
6
B, SITE/WASTE CHARACTERISTICS
waste Type(s) Liquid Solid __ x_sludge ___ Gas ---
Characteristics corrosive ___ Ignitable
x Toxic
Radioactive ---x Volatile ---Reactive Other ---
List Known or Suspected Hazards (physical,chemical biological or radioactive)
on Site and their toxicological effects, Also, if known, list chemical amounts
HAZARD
cyanide salts
chlorinated solvents
chromium (III) compounds
Chromium VI
lead -lead oxide &
metallic lead
EFFECT(S)
see attached sheet
see attached sheet
0.5 mg/m3 dermatitis, low toxicity when compared
to Cr (VI) compounds.
see attached sheet
.15 mg/m3 -TLV, lassitude, pallor, abd, pain,
GI, CNS, kidneys, blood & gums are affected by
lead.
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Facility Description: Size approx. 1 acre Buildings one -~--------
Disposal Methods Being Investigated la oon =~-'--'-'-------------------
Unusual Features on Site (dike integrity, power lines, terrain etc.):
1/2 of lagoon has been backfilled
I History of the Site: Facility was constructed in 1962 & used until 1979 by JFD
Electronics. The lagoon was built in 1964 or 1965 & used to dispose of sludge
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generated by treating wastewater. The wastewater was primarily rinse water
from a chromate conversion process and copper/nickel electroplating sludge
analyses has shown chromium (99,000 ppm) and lead 1320 ppm contamination.
Groundwater monitoring wells have shown halogenated hydrocarbon contamination.
C. HAZARD EVALUATION
On-site there is no sampling planned, only a tour of the property. This site,
from information provided from the file, shows no air contamination There
are no inhalation hazards on this site. The site can be toured in Level D.
Off-site personal drinking water well samples are to be taken, this can be done
in Level D with gloves and goggles.
D. WORK PLAN INSTRUCTION
I Map or Sketch Attached? Yes in PA
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Perimeter Identified? No -=---Command Post Identified? No
zones of Contamination Identified? No
Personal Protective Equipment
Level of Protection
----
___ B ___ c -~X __ D
Modifications goggles and gloves will be worn for collecting water samples
preserved with acid.
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surveillance Equipment:
H Nu
Explosimeter
TLD
Detector Tubes and Pumps
02 Meter
(Radiation Monitor)
Decontamination Procedures
Level A
Level B
Level C
X Level D ----
Segregated equipment drop, boot cover and glove wash, boot
cover and glove rinse, tape removal, suit and hard hat
removal, SCBA backpack removal, inner glove wash, inner
glove removal, inner clothing removal, field wash, redress
Segregated equipment drop, boot cover and glove wash,boot
cover and glove rinse, tape removal. boot cover removal
outer glove removal, suit/safety removal, SCBA backpack
removal, inner glove wash, inner glove rinse, facepiece
removal, inner glove removal, inner clothing removal, field
wash, redress.
Segregated equipment drop, boot cover and glove wash, boot
cover and glove rinse, tape removal, boot cover removal,
outer glove removal,suit/safety boot wash, suit/safety boot
rinse (Canister or Mask Change), safety boot removal, splash
suit removal, inner glove wash, inner glove rinse, facepiece
removal, inner glove removal, inner clothing removal. field
wash redress.
Segregated equipment drop. boot and glove wash, boot and
glove rinse.
Modifications ____ d_i_s~p_o_s_e_o_f_t_r_a_s_h~p~r_o~p_e_r_l~y~------------------
Work Schedule/ Limitations drinking water wells are to be sampled
EMERGENCY PRECAUTIONS
Acute Exposure symptoms
e es
skin
inhalation
ingestion
First Aid
irrigate immediately
soap and water wash
fresh air and artificial resp.
medical attention
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POTENTIAL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITE I. IDENTIFICATION &EPA SITE INSPECTION REPORT 01 STATE I 02~ENUMBER
NC D 122263825 PART 1 • SITE LOCATION AND INSPECTION INFORMATION
11. SITE NAME AND LOCATION
01 SITE NAME (legal, common. ordescriptlv• n..,e ot stt•J 02 STREET, ROUTE NO., OR SPECIFIC LOCATION IDENTIFIER
' el Master Industrial Drive 03 CITY CMSTATEIOSZIPCOOE li06COUNTY r7COUN, ,
1
06 CONG CODE DIST Oxford NC 27565 Granville 39 02
09 COORDINATES 10 TYPE OF OWNERSHIP (Cllec~ on•J I LATITUDE L~IT~OE IXA. PRIVATE O 8. FEDERAL DC.STATE 0 0. COUNTY O E. MUNICIPAL ...3.6. 11 5.6. .1a. 4 □ F.OTHEA 0 G.UNKNOWN
Ill. INSPECTION INFORMATION
01 OATEOFINSPECTION 02 SITE STATUS 03 YEARS OF OPERATION
02 1 231 8] . D ACTIVE 1962 I 1983 _UNKNOWN
MONTH. OAY YEA.A fiJ INACTIVE BEGINNING YEAR ENDING YEAR 04' AGENCY PERFORMING INSPECTION (Ctu,ck allth•t apply/
0 A.EPA 0 B. EPA CONTRACTOR· 0 C. MUNICIPAL 0 0. MUNICIPAL CONTRACTOR /Nllffle ol flml) · (HMNoftlrm} }il E.STATE O F.STATECONTAACTOR 0 G.OTHER (Name ol firm! (Soeclty/ 05 CHIEF INSPECTOR 06 ITTlf O 7 ORGAN1ZA TION 08 TELEPHONE NO. Jack Butler Env. Engineer DHR/DHS (919 733-280"
09 OTHER INSPECTORS 10 TITLE 11 ORGANIZATION 12 TELEPHONE NO. . • Stan Ati.uxl Toxicologist DHR/DHS 191~ 733-280
Lee Crosby Head N.C CERCIA DHR/DHS (91~ 733-280
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1J SITE REPRESENTATIVESlNTEAVlEWED 14 TITLE 15AOORE~• 61 l'JaSter 16 TELEPHONE NO Roger Coats Engineer P .0. X _Lq_LI 1919 934 ,..._.:.L1...t::.:,...1,.:i_ N_ri 27577 971
Charles Hansen Engineer P.O. Box 1416
Smithfield. N.C. 27577 1919 934-971
( )
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1 7 ACCESS GAINED BY 18 Tl~E OF INSPECTION 19 WEATHER CONDfTIONS /Cl'l.,;•o...J
~ PERMISSION 10:00 A.M. Cold, clear, snow.on ground. 0 WARRANT
IV. INFORMATION AVAILABLE FROM
01 CONTACT 02 OF /Aoencyl()rganll•Non! OJ TELEPHONE NO.
Roaer Coats Channel Master <919 934-9711
04 PERSON RESPONSIBLE FOR SITE INSPECTION FOAM 05 AGENCY 06 ORGANIZATION 07 TELEPHONE NO. 06DATE
Jack.Butler NC DHR/Dm SHW Mgt. Br. [phone] 05 ,18,87
MONTH OAV VEAR EPA FOAM 2070-1 J (7•81)
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POTENTIAL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITE I. IDENTIFICATION
&EPA SITE INSPECTION REPORT 01 STATE 102 SITE NUMBER NC D 122263825 PART 2 • WJ\STE INFORMATION
II. WASTE STATES, QUANTITIES, AND CHARACTERISTICS
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01 PHYSICAL ST A TES /Chee• aR thal armly/ 02 WASTE QUANTITY Al SITE 03 WASTE CHARACTERISTICS fChecl< ,r r1>a1 apply/
(MaJsu,n ot ..-~s/e qwni,1,.,,
}£:)A.TOXIC 1J A. SOUD lJ E. SLURRY musr be ,11dependen11 DE. SOLUBLE 0 I. HIGHLY VOLATILE
IJ B. POWDER, FINES IJ F. LIQUID TONS I] B. CORROSIVE 0 F. INFECTIOUS 0 J. EXPLOSIVE
Xl C. SLUDGE lJ G. GAS 0 C. RADIOACTIVE 0 G. FLAMMABLE 0 K. REACTIVE
CUBIC YARDS UNK XJ D. PERSISTENT 0 H. IGNITABLE 0 l. lNCOMPATlBLE
U D. OTHER 0 M. NOT APPLICABLE
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(Stumfy/ NO.OF DRUMS
Ill. WASTE TYPE I CATEGORY SUBST ANGE NAME 0 I GROSS AMOUNT 02 UNIT OF MEASURE OJ COMMENTS
SLU SLUDGE UNK .-,eta.1 s.1uage .Lagoon
OLW OILY WASTE
SOL SOLVENTS UNK Chlorinated hvdrocarbons found I
PSD PESTICIDES in soil and around water.
ace OTHER ORGANIC CHEMICALS
IOC INORGANIC CHEMICALS I
ACD ACIDS
BAS BASES
MES HEAVY METALS I
IV. HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES {SH AptJefldli lo, mos/ l1eouont!y c~&d CAS Numlms/
01 CATEGORY 02 SUBSTANCE NAME 03 CAS NUMBER 04 STORAGE/DISPOSAL METHOD 05 CONCENTRATION 06 MEASURE OF CONCENTRATION
SOL l, 1-Dichloroethane 75343 Lagoon I
SOL 1, 2-Dichloroethane 106934 Lagoon
::,uL 1, l·-Dichloroe1:.1 y lene I :>.5J~ .wagoon
SOL =ans, .1, L,-IJich.Loroetny. ene 1 ' LdgOOn I
::.UL 1•,e:u,_,,' ' n' I _,V~_,
SOL 1,1,1-Trichloroethane 25323-89-Lagoon
SOL Trichloroethylene 79-01-6 Lagoon I SOL Xylene 1330207 Lagoon
::.UL ·1·etracn.1oroe u ,y .1ene .LL/ .ltl'l .wagoon
SOL Vinyl Chloride /:>U.L'l Lagoon I
SOL Acetone 67641 Laooon
MES Chromium 74404 73 Laooon
MES Iron Lagoon
MES Lead 7439921 Lagoon I
MES Selenium //tlL'l~L Lagoon ' 1'11,::, Silver 7440224 Lagoon I
V, FEEDSTOCK$ (SuAppend1iforCASNumlm$J
CATEGORY 01 FEEDSTOCK NAME 02 GAS NUMBER CATEGORY 01 FEEDSTOCK NAME 02 GAS NUMBER
FOS FOS I
FDS FDS
FDS FDS
FDS FOS I
VI. SOURCES Of INFORMATION (C,t9 Speci/JC ,.,/erencu. e.g .. stale /,/11s, saml)l8enalysis. ••Ports/
1. Pel'.ffi'illent files, NC CERCLA Unit, Raleigh, N.C.
2. USGS, 7.5' Quad., Oxford Quadrangle, 1981. I
EPA FOAM 2070·13(7•61) I
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POTENTIAL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITE I. IDENTIFICATION
oEPA 01 STATEP212 NUMBER. SITE INSPECTION REPORT NC 22263825 PART 3 • DESCRIPTION OF HAZARDOUS CONDITIONS AND INCIDENTS
II. HAZARDOUS CONDITIONS AND INCIDENTS
01 Kl A. GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION 02 0 OBSERVEO{DATE: 03l20l86 1 0 POTENTIAL Cit AI.I.EGED
03 POPULATION POTENTIALLY AFFECTED: lJNK 04 NARRATIVE DESCA!PTION
Halogenated hydrocarbons, including
for metals contamination also.
trichloroethylene, in ground water. Potential
01 0 B. SURFACE WATER CONTAMINATION 02 0 OBSERVEO(OATE: I □ POTENTIAL 0 ALLEGED
03 POPULATION POTENTIALLY AFFECTED: 04 NARRATIVE DESCRIPTION
01 0 C. CONTAMINATION OF AIR 02 0 OBSERVED(DATE: I □ POTENTIAL 0 ALLEGED 03 POPULATION POTENTIALLY AFFECTED: 04 NARRATIVE DESCRIPTION
01 0 0. FIRE/EXPLOSIVE CONDITIONS 02 0 OBSERVED (DATE: I D POTENTIAL 0 ALLEGED
03 POPULATION POTENTIALLY AFFECTED: 04 NARRATIVE DESCRIPTION
'
01 □ E. DIRECT CONTACT 02 0 OBSERVED (DATE: I 0 POTENTIAL 0 ALLEGED
03 POPULATION POTENTIALLY AFFECTED: 04 NARAA TIVE DESCRIPTION
01 ~ F. CONTAMINATION OF SOIL 02 0 OBSERVED (DATE: I ::i,i POTENTIAL 0 ALLEGED
03 AREA POTENTIALLY AFFECTEn· Glpp"'0' • l 04 NARRATIVE DESCRIPTION
. . ( cruJ
Metal plating' sludge in open lagoon.
hydrocarbon contamination.
Potential for metals and halogenated
01 U G. DRINKING WATER CONTAMINATION 02 0 OBSERVED (DATE: I 0 POTENTIAL 0 ALLEGED 03 POPULATION POTENTIALLY AFFECTED: 04 NARRATIVE DESCRIPTION
01 0 H. WORKER EXPOSURE/INJURY · 02 0 OBSERVED (DATE: I □ POTENTIAL 0 ALLEGED 03 WORKERS POTENTIALLY AFFECTED: 04 NARRATIVE DESCRIPTION
01 0 I. POPULATION EXPOSUAEIINJUAY 02 0 OBSERVED(DATE;
03 POPU
0
LATION POTENTIALLY AFFECTED: 04 NARAA TIVE DESCRIPTION
I 0 POTENTIAL. 0 ALLEGED
EPA FOAM 2070-13 (7-61)
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I POTENTIAL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITE I. IDENTIFICATION oEPA SITE INSPECTION REPORT 01 ~~TEl'B 'f'21~g'J's2s PART 3 • DESCRIPTION OF HAZARDOUS CONDITIONS AND INCIDENTS
II. HAZARDOUS CONDITIONS ANO INCIDENTS (Contiru,ed) I
01 0 J. DAMAGE TO FLORA 02 0 OBSERVED (DATE: I 0 POTENTIAL □ ALLEGED 04 NARRATIVE DESCRIPTION I
01 0 K. DAMAGE TO FAUNA 02 0 OBSERVED (DATE: I □ POTENTIAL 0 ALLEGED 04 NAAAA TIVE OESCRJPTION 11nclude name/•! ot soec,es! I
I 01 0 L. CONTAMINATIONOFFOODCHAIN 02 0 OBSERVED (DATE: I (l POTENTIAL · 0 ALLEGED 04 NARRATIVE DESCRIPTION
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01 fJ M. UNSTABLE CONTAINMENT OF WASTES 02 0 OBSERVED (DATE: I 0 POTENTIAL xJ ALLEGED /Spd/stRunolf/S/ilnd"'fl kluidi, LHbr>f1 drums/
03 POPULATION POTENTIALLY AFFECTED: [JNK 04 NARRATIVE OE~AIPTION I
700,000 Gallon lagoon on site. I 01 0 N. DAMAGETOOFFSITEPROPERTY 02 0 OBSERVED (DATE: I □ POTENTIAL 0 ALLEGED 04 NARRATIVE DESCRIPTION
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01 0 0. CONTAMINATION OF SEWERS. STORM DRAINS, WWTPs 02 0 OBSERVED (DATE: I 0 POTENTIAL □ ALLEGED 04 NARRATIVE DESCR!P.'flON I
01 [IP. ILLEGAUUNAUTHORIZEDDUMPING 02 0 OBSERVED (DATE: I (] POTENTIAL 0 ALLEGED I 04 NARRATIVE DESCRIPTION
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05 DESCRIPTION OF ANY OTHER KNOWN, POTENTIAL. OR ALLEGED HAZARDS
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Ill. TOTAL POPULATION POTENTIALLY AFFECTED:
IV. COMMENTS I
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V. SOURCES OF INFORMATION 1eir .. ,p .. c,tic ,,.,.,,.,nc.,s . ., 11 stare hies, s.mplo ,n~lysis. r9i,orrs1
I As previously sited.
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POTENTIAL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITE I. IDENTIFICATION &EPA SITE INSPECTION 01 STATE I 02 SITE N2MBEA NC D 12 263825 PART 4-PERMIT AND DESCRIPTIVE INFORMATION
II. PERMIT INFORMATION
01 TYPE OF PERMIT ISSUED 02 PERMIT NUMBER 03 DATE ISSUED 04 EXPlRA TION DATE 05 COMMENTS (Check d!NI il/Jp/y}
□A. NPDES
OB. UIC
DC. AIR
OD. RCRA
OE. RCRA INTERIM STATUS .Tr, Ill·-•~l A nn .r.n nl"'I M~-~h 1an~ ,.., ,;,... rrn-n
OF. SPCC PLAN
DG. ST ATE /SoecdyJ
OH. LOCAL ISii•clly)
01. OTHER fSp.cHy/
OJ. NONE .
Ill. SITE DESCRIPTION
01 STORAGE/DISPOSAL (Check•• lh•t apply/ 02 AMOUNT 03 UNIT OF MEASURE 04 TREATMEN°! fC,,.C.t-,i,,,rapp1yJ OS OTHER
l)i A. SURFACE IMPOUNDMENTSQQ 1 000-1, 000 1 000 gal. 0 A. INCENERA TION ~ A. BUii.DiNGS ON SITE 0 8. PILES 0 B. UNDERGROUND INJECTION tJ C. DRUMS, ABOVE GROUND I 0 C. CHEMICAUPHYSICAL
D D. TANK, ABOVE GROUND 0 0. BIOLOGtcAL
0 E. TANK, BELOW GROUND 0 E. WASTE OIL PROCESSING 06 AREA OF SITE .
0 F. LAN0FIL.1=-0 F. SOLVENT RECOVERY
□ G. LANDFARM □ G. OTHER RECYCLING/RECOVERY 13 {A.a"/
0 H. OPEN DUMP ~ H. OTHER lagoon
0 I.OTHER fSi>KityJ
(Sp11e,fyJ
.
07 COMMENTS
IV. CONTAINMENT
01 CONTAINMENT OF WASTES(Ch11etori•!
0 A. ADEQUATE, SECURE 0 B. MODERATE [kC. lNADEOUATE. POOR 0 D. INSECURE, UNSOUND, DANGEROUS
02 DESCRIPTION OF DRUMS. DIKING, LINERS, BARRIERS. ETC. Metal plating sludge in unlined lagoon. Organic solvents in ground water.
V. ACCESSIBILITY
01 WASTE EASILY ACCESSIBLE: 0 YES ~NO
. 02 COMMENTS
Fence.with locked gate surrounds property.
VI. SOURCES OF INFORMATION /Cit• sp11c,t,e,•ler11rices. •·"· stll11IHs. s.-npl••ri.,-ys,s, reponsJ
As previously sited.
EPA FORM 2070-13 (7•81)
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POTENTIAL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITE I.IDENTIFICATION SEPA 01 STATE,02 SITE NUMBER SITE INSPECTION REPORT ,r n , ???,;,Q?~ PART 5-WATER, DEMOGRAPHIC, AND ENVIRONMENTAL DATA
II. DRINKING WATER SUPPLY
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01 TYPE OF DRINKING SUPPLY 02 STATUS 03 DISTANCE TO SITE {Ch•cJo: H •ppJlc•Ol•J
SURFACE WELL ENDANGERED AFFECTED MONITORED >3 COMMUNITY A.~ 8. D A. D 8.0 c.□ A. (mi)
NON•COMMUNITY c.□ D.~ 0.0 E.□ F.0 8. 2,000 f~ij
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Ill. GROUNDWATER
01 GROUNDWATER USE IN VICINITY {Checlo:one/ I
~A. ONLY SOURCE FOR DRINKING 0 B. DRINKING 0 C. COMMERCIAL, INDUSTRIAL. IRRIGATION □ O.NOTUSEO,UNUSEABI.E (Other IOUn:H e"3Jablej {(/m/r~O/het SOUr(H •lldableJ
COMMERCIAL, INDUSTRIAL, IARIGA TION /No other ware, 50<1,eH evdabl"J I
02 POPULATION SERVED BY GROUNDWATER 2493 0301STANCETONEAAEST0RINKINGWATERWEU. 2 iOOO ft_ /,Q}
04 DEPTH TO GROUNDWATER 05 OtRECTION OF GROUNDWATER FLOW 06 DEPTH TO AOUIFER 07 POTENTIAL YIELD 08 SOLE SOURCE AQUIFER I OF CONCERN OFAOUIFER
B (ft) ""' 8-]3 (ft) Ill YES D NO 8 (gpd)
OQ DESCRIPTION OF WELLS (im;lvdlttQ IISHQe, depth, ltldloc•tion rNliv• to r,opu/l,tlo,., 1rld b<Jjd"'rJS/ I Groundwater used extensively outside Oxford_
I 1 0 RECHARGE AREA 11 DISCHARGE AREA
0 YES COMMENTS 0 YES COMMENTS
ONO 0 NO I IV.SURFACE WATER
01 SURFACE WATER USE /Cllecko,.,eJ
!)il A. RESERVOIR, RECREATION 0 B. IRRIGATION, ECONOMICALLY 0 C. COMMERCIAL, INDUSTRIAL 0 0. NOT CURRENTLY USED DRINKING WATER SOURCE IMPORTANT RESOURCES I
02 AFFECTEDIPOTENTlALL Y AFFECTED BODlES OF WATER
NAME: AFFECTED 01ST ANCE TO SITE I
Unnamed drainage ditch D n l (mi) llnnamed ;;;tream D G • :1§ (mi) 'Lt-: _, • .
D 8.95 (mi) -I
V. DEMOGRAPHIC AND PROPERTY INFORMATION
01 TOT AL POPULATION WITHIN 02 DISTANCE TO NEAREST POPULATION
ONE ( 1) MILE OF SITE TWO (2) MILES OF SITE THREE (3) MILES OF SITE I
A.~{)()_ 8. ~ k ooo c. i:IP£· 2. 500 0.4 1mi) . F PERSONS ._ ----:-F PER-NS ' N~oFPERSONS
03 NUMBER OF BUILDINGS WITHIN TWO (2) MILES OF SITE 04 DISTANCE TO NEAREST OFF-SITE BUILDING -. -_app..._250 0_01 {mi)
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05 POPULATION WITHIN VICINITY OF SITE (Pro,,;,,• "'""•tlv• desc,t,1,1o,., ol ,.,,tur1 of r,opui,,rion "'"""' V1Clfl1ty of slle, e,p .• ,.,,.,_ ..,,.ae. der,sety pepullt<KJutb,ar, e,01 All of Oxford, N,C. is within 3 miles of the site_ I
EPA FOAM 2070-13 (7-81)
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POTENTIAL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITE I. IDENTIFICATION &EPA SITE INSPECTION REPORT 01N~ TE,02 SITE NUMBER
PART 5 • WATER, DEMOGRAPHIC, AND ENVIRONMENTAL DATA Dl22263825
VI. ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION
01 PERMEABILITY OF UNSATURATED ZONE (C1>-.;1t on•J
D A. 1 o-6 -1 o-s cm/sec lS B. 1 o-4 -

1

o-e cm/sec 0 C. 10-4 -1 o-3 cm/sec 0 0. GREATER THAN 10-3 cm/sec I 02 PERMEABILITY OF BEDROCK fCMC-11 on•J urumown
0 A. IMPERMEABLE 0 B.RELATIVELYIMPERMEABLE 0 C. RELATIVELY PERMEABLE 0 0. VERY PERMEABLE /lH3!Ml! I0-6r;mt1.c} ,,o-4 -,o-11 CINI~} (I0-2 -,o-4cm1sec:J /GtHt•r ,,,_,· ,o-2 cm/1K.J I OJ DEPTH TO BEDROCK 04 DEPTH OF CONTAMINATED SOIL ZONE OS SOIL pH
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•tt) 'n I'. ·-\ (tt) ., -✓ 06 NET PRECIPITATION 07 ONE YEAR 24 HOUR RAINFALL 08SLOPE
2.5-3 s1re SLOPE
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01Rec,:-10N oF SITE SLOPE I TERRAIN AVER~GE SLOPE 6-8 <l II SE . 1. 11
(in) (in)
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09 FLOOD POTENTIAL 10
0 SITE IS ON BARRIER ISLAND, COASTAL HKiH HAZARD AREA, AfVERINE FLOOOWAY SITE ISIN YEAR FLOODPLAIN
t 1 DISTANCE TO WETLANDS1.s 1c11mimmum/ 12 DISTANCE TO CRITICAL HABIT AT /ol M!d~•ed 1p.cM1/
I ESTUARINE OTHER >3 (ml) >3 >3 A. (mi) B. (mi) ENDANGERED SPECIES: 13 LANO USE lN VICINITY.
I DISTANCE TO:
RESIDENTIAL AREAS; NATIONAUSTATE PARKS, AGRICULTURAL LANDS COMMERCIAUINDUSTRIAL FORESTS, OR WILDLIFE RESERVES PRIME AG LAND AG LAND
I A. 0.1 . · (mi) B. {ml) C. (ml) o. (ml)
14 DESCRIPTION OF SITE IN RElATION TO SURROUNDING TOPOGRAPHY
I Site is level and drains to ditch on south side of site. Industrial area south
and west of site. Residential area north and east of site.
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I VII. SOURCES OF INFORMATION 1C111 sp1c,11r; ,.,.,ll>C,., 1.11 .. $file //las. umpM 1nl/y1,a;. ,1po,ts/
I As previously sited.
I EPAFORM207013(7•8'1
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POTENTIAL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITE I. IDENTIFICATION oEPA 01 STATE,02 SITE NUMBER SITE INSPECTION REPORT NC D 122263825 PART 6 • SAMPLE AND FIELD INFORMATION
II. SI\MPLES TIIKEN
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I 01 NUMBER OF 02 SAMPLES SENT TO 03 ESTIMATED DATE SAMPLE TYPE SAMPLES TAKEN . RESULTS AVAILABLE
GROUNDWATER I
SURFACE WATER
WASTE I
AIR
RUNOFF I
SPILL
SOIL
VEGETATION I
OTHER
Ill. FIELD MEASUREMENTS TIIKEN I
01 TYPE 02 COMMENTS
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IV. PHOTOGRIIPHS AND MI\PS I
O 1 TYPE ~ GROUND O AERIAL I 02 IN CUSTODY OF N.C. CERCLA Unit
/Name of orpanlutian or lndMdUII/)
03 P.-1APS 04 LOCATION OF MAPS
0 YES I
0 NO
V. OTHER FIELD DATA COLLECTED 1P,ovlden1rr1r1~ed,mriott0n/ I
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VI. SOURCES OF INFORMATION (C11esp&eif.e1e1.,,,mc.,s. e.p .. stare hies, s11mple•Ml1s,s. ,epor1sJ I
As previously sited. I
EPA FOAM 2070•13 (7•81) I
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POTENTIAL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITE I. IDENTIFICATION &EPA SITE INSPECTION REPORT 01 STATE h2 SITE NUMBER
PART 7-OWNER INFORMATION NC 122263825
\ II. CURRENT OWNER(S) PARENT COMPANY /ll~pli<:•blel
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1 NAME 02 O+B NUMBER 08 NAME 09 D+B NUMBER
Channel "--~----Tnr,_
03 STREET AOOAESS (P.O. Bo•, RFD•. •tc.J 104 SIC CODE 10 STREET AODRESS(P.O. &•. RFD•. •tc.} ,,,~1ccooe
Industrial Drive P.O. i,,-,x H'"
05 CITY -r~~TATE 07 ZIP COD~ 12CITY T:::ATE 14 ZlPCODE
Oxford. 27565 """"·" " ; Q 1 r1 ?7~':77
01 NAME 02 0+8 NUMBER 08 NAME 09 D+B NUMBER
I 03 STREET ADDRESS /P.O. Bo•. RFD I, •lc.J 10,t SIC CODE 10 STREET ADDRESS /P.O. Bo•. RFD". ,re./ ,, , SIC CODE
I 05 CITY 1°6STATE 07 ZIPCOOE 12 CITY 113STATE 14ZIPCOOE
01 NAME 02 D+B NUMBER 08NAME 09 O+B NUMBER
I 03 STREET AODRESSfP.O Bo•. RFD,. ,re./ 104 SICCOOE 10 STREET ADDRESS/P.0. Bo•. RFD11. ,rc.J r 1SICCOOE
I
05 CITY 106 STATE 07 ZIP CODE 12CITY 113STA~E 14ZIPCOOE
01NAME 02 0+8 NUMBER 08 NAME 090+BNUMBEA
I 03 STREET AOORESS/P.O So•. RFOI, cue.) I 04 SIC C(?DE 10 STREET ADDRESSrP.O. Bo.<, RFD•. •le.) r tSICCOOE
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05 CITY 106STAT 07 ZIP CODE 12 CITY 113STATE 14 ZIP CODE
Ill. PREVIOUS OWNER(S) /List mosr ,.e.,,, 11rs11. IV. REAL TY OWNER(S) I" iw«•oi.; Its/ mo&I r.c•nt 1/rst/
01NAME 02 O+B NUMBER 01NAME 02 O+B NUMBER
I 03 STREET ADDAESSrP.O. Bo•. RFD, •• ,e.} I 04 SIC CODE 03 STREET ADORESS(P.O. Bo•. RFD,. •tc I · I (?4 SIC CODE
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05CITY 106STATE 07 ZIP_COOE 05 CITY
.1~6STATE 07 ZIPCOOE
01NAME 02 O+ 8 NUMBER 01NAME 02 O+B NUMBER
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03 STREET AODAESS/P.O Bo•. RFD 1. ■te./ I 04 SIC CODE 03 STREET AOORESS/P.O. Bo•. RFD,. •le./ 104 SICCOOE
05CITY 106STAT.E 07 ZJPCOOE 05 CITY 106 STATE 07 ZIPCOOE
01·NAME 02 O+B NUMBER 01NAME 02 O+B NUMBER
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03 STREET AOORESSrP.O. Bo•. RF4,. efc.J I 0.4 SIC CODE 03 STREET AOORESS/P.0. Bo•. RFD 1. •re./ I 04 SICCODE
05CLTY . 106STATE 07 ZIPCOOE 05CITY 1°6STATE 07ZIPCOOE
I V. SOURCES OF INFORMATION rcn•so.citic,.,.,.,,e,s, ■.Q. •t•f• l~■s. •-""'-""Jtl),sl:5, r■PQrU/
.
As previously sited.
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EPA FORM 2070-13 (7•61)
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I POTENTIAL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITE I. IDENTIFICATION SEPA SITE INSPECTION REPORT 01 STAT~,02SITENUMBER
PART 8 • OPERATOR INFORMATION "" · nl ~ ·~ I II. CURRENT OPERATOR (Provld• II d/ff•r•nr from o.,n•rJ OPERATOR'S PARENT COMPANY (II appNc1bl•/ 01 NAME 102 D+B NUMBER 10 NAME I' 1 O+B NUMSER Channel Master Avnet Inc. I 03 STREET ADDRESS (P.O. Bo•. RFDI, •tc.) I 04SICCODE 12 STREET ADDRESS (P.O. Bo•. RFD,, etc.} 13StCCOOE Industrial Drive P.O. Box 1416
05CITY 106 STATE!°' ZIP CODE 14CITY r 5 STATE I 16 ZIP CODE Oxford NC 27565 Smithfield NC 27577
08 YEARS OF OPERATION I 09 NAME OF OWNER
Ill. PREVIOUS OPERA TOR(S) 1u,;1 ,nost ,-c.,,, t;,,1: pro.,;,:,• on1r "d1t1.,.,,, 1rom ""'""'' PREVIOUS OPERA TORS' PARENT COMPANIES '"-"'"'I 01NAME I 02 o+e NUMBER 10NAME r 1 D+B NUMBER
03 STREET ADDRESS /P.O. Bo•, RFDI. 11c.J r• SIC CODE 12 STREET ADDRESS {P.O. Box, RFDI, •lc.J 13'SICCODE
05CITY 10• STATE I 07 ZIP CODE 1-4CITY r 5STATEI' 6 ZIP CODE
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06 '(EARS OF OPERATION I 09 NAME OF OWNER DURING THIS PERl~O
01 NAME 102 O+B NUMBER 10NAME r 1 ~+B NUMBER I
03 STREET AODRESSrP.O. Box, RFDI, •tc./ r SIC CODE 12 STREET ADDRESS (P.O. Be>•. RFD#, 1tc./ 13 SIC CODE I 05 CITY 106 STATE 107 ZIP CODE 14CITY r 5 STATE I 16 ZIP CODE
08 YEARS OF OPERA TtON I 09 NAME. OF OWNER DURING THJS PERIOD I
01NAME I 02_ O+ B NUMBER 10NAME r 1 O+BNUMBEA I 03 STREET AODAESS(P.O. Be>•. RFOI, •tc.J r SIC CODE 12 STREET ADDRESS (P.O. Bc,,c, RFDI. •tc.J 13 SIC CODE
05CITY • 108STATEI07ZIPCOOE 14CITY 115 STATE I 16 ZIP CODE I
06 ~EARS OF OPE~A no~ I 09 NAME OF o.WNEA ouRING THIS PER100
I IV. SOURCES OF INFORMATION /Cll•JPttlfkr•l•rlfllCu.·•-a .• 11111/ht,um,,I• tnafylis, rltPOrn)
As previously sited. I
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I EPA FORM 2070-13 (7•81 I
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POTENTIAL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITE I. IDENTIFICATION oEPA SITE INSPECTION REPORT 01 STATE,02SITENUMBER ·
PART 9 • GENERATOR/TRANSPORTER iNFORMATION ",.. n 1~~~~,n~c
II. ON-SITE GENERA TOR
I
01NAME 02 r;>+B NUMBER
JFD Electronics
03 STREET ADDRESS /P.O.&,. RFDI, tttc./ 04S!CCOOE None
I 05 CITY 06STATE 07 ZIP CODE
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Ill. OFF-SITE GENERA TOR(S)
01 NAME 02 O+B NUMBER 01NAME 02 D+BNUMBER
03 STREET ADDRESS /P.O.&,, RFOI, •ti!./ 04 SICCOOE 03 STREET ADDRESS /P.O. Bo•. RFDI. •tc.J 04SICCODE
I 05CITY 06STATE 07 ZIP CODE 05CITY 106STATE 07 ZIP CODE
I 01NAME 02 D+B NUMBER 01NAME 02 D+ B NUMBER
03 STREET ADDRESS (P.O. Bo•. RFDI, ete.J 04 SICCOOE 03 STREET ADDRESS /P.O. &:u, RFDII, ere./ 04SICCOOE
I 05ClTY 06STATE 07ZIPCOOE 05 CITY 1°6 STATE 07 ZIP CODE
I IV. TRANSPORTER(S)
01NAME 02 D+B NUMBER 01 NAME 02 O+B NUMBER
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03 STREET A0~AESS /P.O. Bo•, RFOII, •le./ 04SICCODE 03 STREET ADDRESS (P.O. Bo•. RFOI, .ic.J 04SICCODE
05 CITY 06 STATE 07 ZJPCOOE 05CITY 1°6 STATE 07 ZIP CODE
01NAME 02 D+B NUMBER 01NAME 02 O+BNUMBER
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03 STREET ADDRESS (P.O. Bo•. RFDI, •tc.j 04 SIC CODE 03 STREET ADDRESS {P.O. Bo•. RFD•, •fc.J O◄stCCOOE
05 CITY 06STATE 07ZlPCOOE 05CITY 1°6STATE 07ZJPCOOE
V. SOURCES OF INFORMATION (Cl!• w•clllt; ,.,•r•nc•!. •·O', 11.r, ,,.., 1.,,.,i• .,.a1ys11, ,.POfls/
As·previously sited.
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I EPA FORM 2070 13 (7 81)
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POTENTIAL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITE I. IDENTIFICATION oEPA SITE INSPECTION REPORT 01 STATE I 02 SITE NUMBER Ne Dl22263825 PART 10-PAST RESPONSE ACTIVITIES
11. PAST RESPONSE ACTIVITIES
01 0 A. WATER SUPPLY CLOSED 02 DATE 03AGENCY
04 DESCRIPTION I
01 0 8. TEMPORARY WATER SUPPLY PROVIDED 02 DATE 03AGENCY 04 DESCRIPTION
01 0 C. PERMANENT WATER SUPPLY PROVIDED 02 DATE 03AGENCY I
04 DESCRIPTION
01 0 D. SPILLED MATERIAL REMOVED 02 DATE 03AGENCY
04 DESCRIPTION I -
01 0 E. CONTAMINATED SOIL REMOVED 02 DATE 04 DESCRIPTION OJ AGENCY I
01 0 F. WASTE REPACKAGED 02 DATE OJ AGENCY
04 DESCRIPTION I
01 0 G. WASTE DISPOSED ELSEWHERE 02 DATE OJ AGENCY 04 DESCRIPTION I
01 0 H. ON SITE BURIAL 02 DATE OJ AGENCY 04 DESCRIPTION I
01 0 I. IN SITU CHEMICAL TREATMENT 02 DATE 03AGE~Y 04 DESCRIPTION
01 0 J. IN SITU BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT 02 DATE 03AGENCY 04 DESCRIPTION
I
01 0 K. IN SITU PHYSICAL TREATMENT 02 DATE OJ AGENCY I 04 DESCRIPTION
01 □ L. ENCAPSULATION 02 DATE OJ AGENCY 04 DESCRIPTION I
.
01 0 M. EMERGENCY WAf>TE TREATMENT 02 DATE 03AGENCY 04 DESCRIPTION . I
01 0 N. CUTOFF WALLS 02 DATE 03AGENCY 04 DESCRIPTION I
01 Ll 0. EMERGENCY DIKINGISURFACE WATER DIVERSION 02 DATE 03AGENCY 04 DESCRIPTION I
01 0 P. CUtOFF TRENCHES/SUMP 02 DATE 03 AGENCY 04 DESCRIPTION
I
01 0 0. SUBSURFACE CUTOFF WALL 02 DATE 03AGENCY 04 DESCRIPTION
EPA FORM 2070-t 3 (7·81) I
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POTENTIAL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITE oEPA SITE INSPECTION REPORT
PART 10 · PAST RESPONSE ACTIVITIES
II PAST RESPONSE ACTIVITIES /conr1n""d/
01 0 A. BARRIER WAUS CONSTRUCTED 02 DATE
04 DESCRIPTION
01 □ S. CAPPING/COVERING 02 DATE
04 DESCRIPTION
01 □ T. BULK TANKAGE REPAIRED 020ATE
04 DESCRIPTION
01 0 U.GROUTCURTAINC~NSTRUCTEO
04 DESCRIPTION
02 DATE
01 0 V. BOTTOM SEALED 02 DATE
04 DESCRIPTION
01 0 W. GAS CONTROL 02 DATE
04 DESCRIPTION ..
01 0 X. FIRE CONTROL 02 DATE
04 DESCRIPTION
.
01 0 Y. LEACHATE TREATMENT 02 DATE
04 DESCRIPTION
01 □ Z. AREA EVACUATED 02 DATE 04 DESCRIPTION
01 0 1. ACCESS TO SITE RESTRICTED 02 DATE
04 DESCRIPTI~N
01 0 2. POPULATION RELOCATED 02 DATE
04 DESCRIPTION
01 (¥3_ OTHER REMEDIAL ACTIVITIES 02 DATE ,y ,u'
04 DESCRIPTION
Channel Master is planning a clean-up of this site in
SI or HRS reference 22).
Ill. SOURCES OF INFORMATION (CII• st1•ed,e,.f•r•neu. • g .. tl•t• r, ... s.amr>l••n...-rJls. r•poru/
As previously sited.
EPA FORM 2070-13(7•81)
I. IDENTIFICATION
NCSTATEl 06 "1'~~"6~825
03AGENCY
03AGENCY
03AGENCY
03AGENCY
.
03AC~ENCY
03AGENCY
03AGENCY
03AGENCY
03AGENCY
03 AGENCY
OJ AGENCY .
03AGENCY
the near future, (see
POTENTIAL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITE I. IDENTIFICATION &EPA SITE INSPECTION REPORT 0Nc•TEI 06 5T'i'1~i~s 2s PART 11 · ENFORCEMENT INFORMATION
II. ENFORCEMENT INFORMATION
01 PAST REGULATORY/ENFORCEMENT ACTION O YES [™>
02 DESCRIPTION OF FEDERAL, STATE, LOCAL REGULATORY/ENFORCEMENT ACTION
None to date.
,
Ill. SOURCES OF INFORMATION /C~• spec111en,,.,,.mces, ,.p,, ,i.i,ti~s. s11~e1n111s,s, r1po,1sJ
As previously sited.
EPA FORM 2070-13 (7•81)
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The toxicity of the various lead compounds appears
to depend upon several factors: (!) the sol of the com-
pound in the body fluids; (2) the fineness of the particles
of the compound; sol is greater, of course, in proportion
to the fineness of the particles; (3) conditions under
which the compound is being used; where a lead com-
pound is used as a powder; contamination of the atmo-
sphere will be much less where the powder is kept
damp. Of the various lead compounds, the carbonate,
the monoxide and sulfate arc considered to be more
toxic than metallic lead or other lead compounds. Lead
arsenate is very toxic, due to the presence of the arsenic
radical.
Signs and Symptoms: Industrial lead poisoning commonly
occurs following prolonged exposure to lead or its com-
pounds. The common clinical types of lead poisoning
may be classified according to their clinical picture as
(a) alimentary; (b) ncuromotor; and (c) cnccphalic.
Some cases may show a combination of clinical types.
The alimentary type occurs most frequently, and is
characterized by abdominal discomfort or pain. Severe
cases may present actual colic. Other complaints arc
constipation and/or diarrhea, loss of appetite, metallic
taste, nausea and vomiting, lassitude, insomnia, weak-
ness, joint and muscle pains, irritability, headache and
dizziness. Pallor, lead line on the gums, pyorrhea, loss
of weight, abdominal tenderness, basophilic stippling,
anemia, slight albuminuria, increased urinary excre-
tion, and an increase in the lead content of the whole
blood, arc signs which may accompany the above symp-
toms.
In the neuromuscular type, the chief complaint is
weakness, frequently of the extensor muscles of the
wrist and hand, unilateral or bilateral. Other muscle
groups which arc subject to constant use may be af-
fected. Gastrocntcric symptoms are usually present, but
are not as severe as in the alimentary type of poisoning.
Joint and muscle pains arc likely to be more severe.
Headache. dizziness and insomnia are frequently prom-
inent. True paralysis is uncommon, and usually is the
result of prolonged exposure.
Lead encephalopathy is the most severe but the rarest
manifestation of lead poisoning. In the industrial
worker it follows rapid and heavy lead absorption. Or-
ganic lead ·compounds, such as tetraethyl lead, arc ab-
sorbed rapidly through the skin as well as through
the lungs, and are selectively absorbed by the CNS.
The clinical picture in these cases is usually an en-
cephalopathy. With inorganic lead compounds, compa-
rable cone in the CNS are reached only when the work-
place is heavily contaminated with vapor, fume and
dust. Encephalopathy begins abruptly, and is character-
ized by signs of cerebral and meningeal involvement.
There is usually stupor, progressing to coma, with or
without convulsion, and often · terminating in death.
Excitation, confusion and mania arc less common. In
milder cases of short duration, there may be symptoms
of headache, dizziness, somnolence and insomnia. The
cerebrospinal pressure may be increased. Sec also spe-
cific compound.
Diagnosis: A diagnosis of lead poisoning should not be
made on the basis of any single clinical or laboratory
finding. There must be a history of significant exposure,
signs, and symptoms (as described above) compatible
with the diagnosis, and confirmatory laboratory tests.
Increase of stippled red blood cells, mild anemia, and
elevated lead in blood and urine, i.e., more than 0.07
mg/ 100 ml blood and similar values per liter of urine.
An increase of coproporphyrins and certain amino ac-
ids in urine may be present. Diagnostic mobilization
oflead with calcium EDTA may be useful in questiona-
ble cases.
Treatment of Lead Poisoning: It has been found that the
chelating agent, calcium cthylenediaminetetracctatc,
and related compounds are highly efficacious in remov-
ing absorbed lead from the tissues of the body. (The
therapeutic agents of this group are also known as vcr-
senc, verscnatc, edathamil and Ca EDT A. Ca EDT A
, is effective only when administered intravenously. Vari-
ous dosage schedules have been proposed. An effective
regime is 3-6 g of Na Ca EDTA in 300 cc-500 cc of
5% glucose by intravenous drip over a period of 3-8
hrs. Treatment may be given daily for 5-10 days with
an interval of one week between courses. Another plan
is to give treatment at intervals of 3-5 days until delead-
ing has been accomplished.
Disaster Hazard: Sec lead.
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SELENIUM
CAS RN: 7782492
af: Sc; aw: 78.96
NIOSH #: VS 7700000
Steel gray, non-metallic element; mp: 170°-217°; bp:
690°; d: 4.81-4.26; vap press: l mm@ 356°.
SYNS:
SELENIUM ALLOY
SELENIUM BASE
SELENIUM HOMON>LYMER
CL 77805
TOXICITY DATA: 3
ort-mus TDLo: 134 mg/kg (MGN)
orl-mus TDLo=4.80 mg/kg./
60D-C:ETA
ihl-rat LOLo:33 mg/kg/8H
ivn-rat LDSO: 6 mg/kg
unk-frg LDL.o=J mg/kg
ELEMENTAL SELENIUM
SELEN (POLISH)
SELENIUM OUST
CODEN:
AEHLAU 23,102.71
YMBUA7 11,368,60
AMIHBC 4,458,51
AMIHBC 4,458,51
PH REA 7 23,305,43
TLV: Air: 0.2 mg/m3 (Se) DTLVS• 4,361,80.
Toxicology Review: CTOXAO 6(3),459,73; CTOXAO
5(2),175,72; 31ZNAA 4(3),271,76; JAVMA4
164(3),277,74; CTOXAO 5(2),151,72; UMDAI
10(4),416,74; JAMAAP 116,562,41; CHREA Y 28,
179,41; ADTEAS 5,51,72; PHREA7 23,305,43;
FOREAE 7,313,42; KOTTAM 11(11),1300,75;
85CVA2 5,63,70; PEXTAR 12,102,69; BNYMAM
54,413,78; AMTODM 3,209,77. OSHA Standard: Air:
TWA 200 ug(Se)/m3 (SCP-X) FEREAC 39,23540,74.
"NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods" VOL 1
124,181, VOL 3 S190. Reporte,fin EPA TSCA Inven-
tory, 1980.
THR: An exper ETA. HIGH ihl, ivn, unk. See also sele-
nium compounds.
Disaster Hazard: When heated to decomp it emits tox·
fumes of Se; Can react violently with barium carbide,
bromine pentaftuorid~. calcium carbide, chlorates,
chlorine trifluoride, chromic oxide (Cr03), fluorine,
lithium carbide, lithium silicon (L~ Si2), nickel. nitric
acid, sodium, nitrogen trichloride, oxygen, potassium,
potassium bromate, rubidium carbide, zinc. silver bro--
mate, strontium carbide, thorium carbide, uranium.
For further information see Vol. l, No. 3 of DPIM Report.
SELENIUM (COLLOIDAL)
CAS RN: 7782492 NIOSH #: VS 8310000
TOXICITY DATA:
ivn-ral LOLo:6 mg/kg
3 CODEN:
JPETAB 33,270,28
Reported in EPA TSCA Inventory, 1980.
Tl/R: HIGH ivn. See also selenium and selenium com-
pounds.
Disaster Hazard: When heated to dccomp it emits tax
fumes of Se.
SELENIUM COMPOUNDS
Tl/R: ~IGf_[ via ivn and inhal routes. An exper care.
Selenium m small amounts is essential for normal
growt~ of soi:ne animals. Deficiency or excess is associ-
ated with senous disease in livestock. Long-term expo-
~ure may_ be a ~use of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
tn hmns, Just as _it may cause .. blind staggers" in cattle.
Elemental selenium has low _acute systemic toxicity,
but dust or fumes can cause senous irr of the respiratory
t~ct. Hydrogen_ selenide resembles other hydrides in
bemg highly toxic, and selenium oxychloride is a vesi-
can_t .. Some organoselenium compounds have the high
tox1c1ty of other organometals. Inorganic selenium
compounds can cause dermatitis. Garlic odor of breath
Is a ~mm~>n sy_mptom. Pallor, nervousness., depression
and dtg<:5ttve disturbances have been reported in ~
o_f chrome ~posure. Selenium compounds arc common
mr contammants.
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ACETONE
CAS RN: 67641 NIOSH #: AL 3150000
mf: C,"60; mw: 58.09
Colorless liquid, fragrant mint-like odor. mp: -94.6°, bp:
56.48°, ulc = 90, flash p: 0°F (CC), lei = 2.6%, ue~ =
12.8%, d: 0.7972 @ 15°, autoign. temp. (color): 869 F,
vap. press: 400 mm @ 39.5°, vap. d: 2.00. Misc in water,
ale, and ether.
SYNS:
ACETON (GERMAN, DUTCH, PO-
LISH)
OIMETHYLFORMALOEHYOE
DIMETHYLKET AL
DIMETHYL K.ETONE
KETONE PROPANE
TOXICITY DATA: 2-1
ihl-man roLo:«o µg/M'/6M
ihl-man TOLo: 10 mg/M1/6H
orl-mus LD5Q:3(X)() mg/kg
cyc-hmn 500 ppm
slm-rbt 395 mg open MLD
eyc-rbt 3950 ug SEY
8ETA·KETOPR0PANE
METHYL KETONE
PROPANONE
2-PROPANONE
PYROACETIC AC1O
P'YROACETIC ETHER
CODEN:
ihl-hmn TCLo:soo ppm=EYE
ihl-man TCLo: 12000 ppm/4H=CNS
unk-man LDLo= 1159 mg/kg·
GISAAA 42(8)42, 77
GISAAA 42(8)42, 77
PCJOAU 14,162,80
JIHT AB 25.282,43 ucos .. snno
AJOPAA 29:1363,46
JIHTAB 25.282,43
AOHYAJ 16,73,73
85DCAI 2, 73, 70 ucos .. snno
AIHQA5 17,129,56
JPPMAB 11,150,59
AGGHAR 5.1,33
SCCUR• -,1,61
AEXPBL 18,218,1884
AEXPBL 18,218,1884
AEXPBL 18,218,1884
12VXA5 8,7,68
ucos .. snno
AGGHAR 5.1.33
orl-rat LOSQ:9750 mg/kg
ihl-rat LCLo:64000 ppm/4H
ipr-rat LDLo: 500 mg/kg
ihl-mus LCLo! 110000 mg/m3/62M
ipr-mus LOSO= 1297 mg/kg
orl-dog LDLo:24 gm/kg
ipr-dog LOLo:8 gm/kg
scu-dog LDLo: 5 gm/kg
orl-rbt LD50=5300 mg/kg
skn-rt>t LDS0:20 gm/kg
scu-gpg LDl..o!SCXX) mg/kg
Aquatic Toxicity Rating: TLm96=over 1000 ppm
WQCHM• 4,-,74.
TLV: Air: 750 ppm DTLVS• 4,5,80. Toxicology Review:
27Zf AP 3,7,69. OSHA Standard: Air: TWA 1000 ppm
(SCP-A) FEREAC 39,23540,74. DOT: Flanunable
Liquid, Label: Flammable Liquid FEREAC 41,
57018,76. Occupational Exposure to Ketoncs rccm std:
Air: TWA 590 mg/m3 NTIS•• "NIOSH Manual of
Analytical Methods" VOL I 127, VOL 2 SI. Reported
in EPA TSCA Inventory, I 980.
THR: A hmn EYE, CNS. A skn, eye irr @ 500 ppm.
MOD ipr, unk. LOW orl, ihl, ipr, scu skn. VERY
LOW via dermal route. Acetone is narcotic in high
cone. In industry, no injurious effects from its -use
have been reported, other than the occurrence of
skn irr resulting from its defatting action, or head-
ache from prolonged inhal. A food additive permitted
for human consumption. A common air contami-
nant.
Fire Hazard: Dangerous, when exposed to heat or flame
or oxidizers. Incomp: with (CHCI, + a base), CrO,
Cr(OCI)., (nitric+ acetic acid), (nitric+ sulfuric acid),
NOC!, nitrosyl perchlorate, nitryl perchlorate, permo-
nosulfuric acid, potassium tert-butoxidc, NaOBr, (sul-
furic acid + potassium dichromate), (thio-diglycol +
hydrogen peroxide), trichloromelaminc, bromoform,
air, HNO,, activated C, chloroform, H2SO,, BF,, Br,,
chromyl chloride, H,02, F,02, SCI,, thiotrithiazyl per-
chlorate, H20 5S.
Explosion Hazard: Mod when vapor is exposed to flame.
Disaster Hazard: Dangerous, due to fire and explosion
hazard, can react vigorously with oxidizing materials.
·To Fight Fire: CO,, dry chemical, alcohol foam.
For further information sec Vol. I, No. 4 of DPIM re-,
port.
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DICl!LORO1'1'HYLENE
CAS RN: 25323302
mf: C2H2CI,; mw: 96.94
TOXICITY DATA:
ihl-mus LCl.,o:76 gm/m3/2H
ihl-gpg Leu,: 155 gm/m3/IH
2
NlOSH #: KV 9250000
CODEN:
AEXPBL 83,235,18
AEXPBL 83,235, 18
TlfR: MOD ihl in mus and gpg.
Disaster Ifazard: When heated to dccomp it emi.ts tox
fumes of c1-.
cis-DICHLOROETHYLENE
CAS RN: 156592 NIOSH #: KV 9420000
mf: C,H,Cl2; mw: 96.94
Colorless liquid, pleasant odor. mp: -80.5°, bp: 59°,
lei = 9.7%, uel = 12.8%, flash p: 39°F, d: 1.2743 @
2S0 /4°, vap. press: 400 mm @ 41.0°, vap. d: 3.34.
SYNS:
1,2-0ICHLOROETHYLENE ACETYLENE DICHLORIDE
1,1-DICHLOROETHYLENE
CAS RN: 75354 NIOSH #: KV 9275000 TOXICITY DATA: l
ihl-mus LCLo:65000 mg/m3nH
ihl-cat LCLo:20000 mg/m3/6H
CODEN:
AHBAAM 116,131,36
AHDAAM 116,131,36 mf: C,H,CI,; mw: 96.94
Colorless volatile liquid. bp: 31.6°, le[= 7.3%, uel =
16.0%, fp: -122°, flash p: 0°F (OC), d: 1.213 @ 20°/
4°. autoign. temp.: I0S8°F.
SYNS:
CHLORURE DE VINYLIDENE
(FRENCH)
1,1-DICHLOROETHENE
NCI-C54262
VINYLIDENE DICHLORIDE
TOXICITY DATA: 3
orl-rat TDLo=200 mg/kg (6-15D pn:g)
ihl-rat TCLo: SO ppm/7H (6-1 SD prcg)
ihl-rbt TCLo: 160 ppmnH (6-lSD
prcg)
CODEN:
TXAPA9 49,189,79
TXAPA9 49,189,79
TXAPA9 49,189,79 .
mmo-sat S pph MURE.AV 57,141,78
mma-sat 3 pph/2H MUREAV 58,183,78
ihl-rat TCLo=SS ppm/S2W-I:ETA ITEHD6 4,IS,78
ihl-mus TCLo:Ss ppm/6H/IY-l=ETA EVHPAZ 21,25,77
skn-mus TDLo=4840 mg/kg:NEO JJIND8 63,1433,79
ihl-rat TC:SS ppm/lY-1:ETA EVHPAZ 21,25,77
ihl-mus TC:SS ppm/43W-l=ETA ITEHD6 4,IS,78
ihl-hmn TCLo:25 ppm=SYS CHINAG 11,463,76
orl-rat Loso:200 mg/k.g DCTODJ 1,63,77
ihl-rat LCLo: l(X)()() ppm/24H EXMPA6 20,187,74
ihl-mus LC.50:98 ppm/22H ITEHD6 J(S-6),913,77
orl-dog LDLo=S7SO mg/kg QJPPAL 7,205,34
ivn-dog LDLo:225 mg/kg QJPPAL 7,205,34
scu-rbt LDLo:)70() mg/kg QJPPAL 7,205,34
Aquatic Toxicity Rating: TLm96: 1000-100 ppm
WQCHM_• 3,-, 74. Carcinogenic Determination: Ani-
mal Positive !ARC .. 19,439,79.
TLV: Air: 10 ppm DTLVS• 4,432,80. Toxicology Review:
CTOXAO 8,633,75; CMTVAS 10(3),49,73; NTis••
ORNL/TIRC-77 /3. Occupational Exposure to Vinyl
Halides recm std; Air: TWA I ppm; CL S ppm/ISM
NTis••. NTP Carcinogenesis Bioassay Completed as
of December 1980. "NIOSH Manual of Analytical
Methods" VOL 4 266•. NIOSH Current Intelligence
Bulletin 28, 1978. Reported in EPA TSCA Inventory,
1980. EPA TSCA 8(a) Preliminary Assessment Infor-
mation Proposed Rule FERREAC 4S, 13646,80.
THR: An exper MUT, ETA, NEO, CARC. HIGH acute
orl, ihl. See also vinyl chloride.
Fire Hazard: Highly dangerous, when exposed to heat
or flame.
Explosion Hazard: Mod, in the form of gas, when ex-
posed to heat or flame. Also can explode spontaneously;
reacts violently with chlorosulfonic acid, HN03,
olcum.
Disaster Hazard: Highly dangerous; sec chlorides; can
react vigorously with oxidizing materials.
To Fight Fire: Alcohol foam, CO2, dry chemical.
lncomp: Air; chlorotri-fluoroethylene; ozone; perchloryl
fluoride.
Reported in EPA TSCA Inventory, 1980.
THR: LOW via oral route. In high cone it is irr and
narcotic. Has produced liver and kidney injury in exper
animals.
Fire Hazard: Dangerous, when exposed to heat or flame.
Reacts violently with N,O,, KOH, Na, NaOH.
Spontaneous Heating: No.
Explosion Hazard: Mod, in the form of vapor when ex-
posed to flame.
Disaster Hazard: Dangerous; see chlorides; can react vig-
orously with oxidizing materials.
To Fight Fire: Water spray, foam, CO2, dry chemical.
<is, 1,2-DICHLOROETHYLENE
mf: C,H,CI,; mw: 96.94
Flash p: 42.8oF; le! = 3.3%; uel = 1S%.
trans-l;2-DICHLOROETHYLENE
mf: C..H,CI,; mw: 96.94
Flash p: 3S.6oF; lei= 9.7%; uel = 12.8%.
Can cause fire hazard.
lncomp: Alkalies; difluoromethylene dihypofluorite·
trogen tetraox1de. • ni-
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DICHLOROETHANE
CAS RN: 1300216
mf: C.H,CI,; mw: ·98.96
Lei = 5.6%; uel = 11.4%.
TOXICITY DATA: 2
orl-rat Loso: 1120 mg/kg
orl-mus Loso:625 mg/kg
ihl-mus LCLo: to gm/m3
skn-rbt LOSO: 3890 mg/kg
ihl-rat TCLo:600) ppm (6-15D prcg)
TER
ihl-rat TCLo:6000 ppm (6-150 prcg)
NIOSH #: KH 9800000
CODEN:
HYSAA V 32,349,67
HYSAA V 32,349,67
GISAAA 20(8),19,55
ucos .. JnJ110
TXAPA9 28,452,74
TXAPA9 28,452,74
THR: MOD orl in rat, mus. MOD skn in rbt.
Disaster Hazard: When heated to decomp it emits very
tox fumes of c1-.
1,2-DICHLOROETHANE
mf: C.H.Cl,; mw: 98.96
Lei= 6.2%; uel = 15.9%; flash p: 55.4°F.
I ncomp: Dinitrogen tetraoxide; metals.
For further information see Vol. 1,-No. 4 of DPIM Report
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1,1,1,2-TETRACHLOROETHANE
CAS RN: 630206 NIOSH #: KI 8450000
mf: C.H2Cl,; mw: 167.84
Liquid; d: 1.588 @ 20°/4°; bp: 129°-130°; sol in water;
misc in ale, ether.
SYN: NCI-C52459
TOXICITY DATA:
skn-rbt 500 mg/24H
cyc-rbt 100 mg SEV
2 CODEN:
AMP MAR 35,593, 74
AMPMAR 35,593,74
Toxicology Review: AIHAAP 40,A46,79. Currently
Tested by NTP for Carcinogenesis by Standard Bioas-
say Protocol as of December 1980. NIOSH Current
Intelligence Bulletin 27, 1978. Reported in EPA TSCA
Inventory, 1980.
THR: Possible CARC. An irr (SEV) in rbt eyes and
MOD in rbt skn.
Disaster Hazard: When heated to dccomp it emits very
lox fumes of c1-.
Incomp: Dinitrogen tetraoxide.
For further information see Vol. 2, No. 6 and Vol. 3,
No. 2 of DPIM Report.
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1,1,2,2-Tl;'TRACHLOROETHYLENE
CAS RN: 127184 NIOSH #: KX 3850000
mf: C,Cl,; mw: 165.82
Colorless liquid, chloroform-like odor. mp: -23.35°, bp:
121.20°, flash p: none, d: 1.6311 @ 15°/4°, vap. press:
15.8 mm @ 22°, vap. d: 5.83.
SYNS:
CARBON DICHLORIDE
CARBON DICHLORIDE
CZTEROCHLOROETYLEN (POLISH)
ETHYLENE TETRACHLORIDE
NC1-d)4580
PERCHLOORETHYLEEN, PER
(oUTCH) ·
PERCHLORAETHYLEN, PER (GER•
MAN)
TOXICITY DATA: 3
ihl-rat TCLo: 1000 ppmn4H (14D
prc/1-22D prcg)
PERCHLORETHYLENE, PER
(FRENCH)
PERCHLOROETHYLENE
PERCLENE
PERCLOROETILENE (ITALIAN)
TETRACHLOORETHEEN(DtrrCH)
TETRACHLORAETHEN(GERMAN)
TETRACHLOROETHYLENE (DOT)
TETRACLOROETENE (ITALIAN)
CODEN:
APTOD9 19,A21,SO
ihl-rat TCL.o: 1000 ppm/24H (1-22D
prcg)
APTOD9 19,A21,SO
TJADAB 19,41A,79
TXAPA9 32,84,75
TXAPA9 32,84,75
ihl-rat TCLo:900 ppm/7H (7-13D
prcg)
ihl-rat TCLo:300 ppm/7H (6-15D
preg)
ihl--mus TCLo:300 ppm.nH (6-15D
prcg)
skn-rbt 810 mg/24H SEV
cyc-rbt 162 mg MLO
mmo-sat 50 uL/platc
mma-sat 200 uL/plate
orl-mus TDLo= 195 gm/kg/SOW-
[:CAR
orl-mus T0:240 gm/kg/62W-J:CAR
JETOAS 9,171,76
JETOAS 9, 171,76
NIOSH• SAUG77
NIOSH• SAUG77
NCITR • NCI-CG-TR-
13,77
NCITR• NCI-CG-TR-
13,77
ihl-hmn TCLo=96 ppmf7H:SYS NTIS•• P82S7-185
ihl-man TCLo=280 ppm/2H=EYE AMIHBC 5,566,52
ihl-man TCl..o'600 ppm/lOM=CNS AMIHBC 5,566,52
orl-r:at LD50=8850 mg/kg NPIRI• 1,96,74
ihl-n.t LCLo:4CXX) ppm/4H JOCMA7 4,262.62
ori-mus LD50=8l00 mg/kg NTIS .. PB257-185
ihl-mus LCLo:23000 mg/mJnH AHBAAM 116,131,36
ipr--mus LDS0:4700 mg/kg NTIS .. PB257-185
orl-dog LDLo=4000 mg/kg. AJHY A2 9,430,29
ipr-dog LD50=2l00 mg/kg TXAPA9 10,119,67
ivn-Oog LDLo:85 mg/kg QJPPAL 7,205,34
orl-cat LDLo:4000 mg/kg AJHYA2 9,430,29
orl-rbt LDLo=SOOO mg/kg AJHYA1 9,430.29
scu-rbt LDLo=2200 mg/kg QJPPAL 7,205,34
. Aquatic Toxicity Rating: TLm96: I 00-10 pp;,. WQCHM•
3,-,74. Carcinogenic Determination: Animal Positive
!ARC•• 20,491,79.
TLV: Air: 50 ppm (skin) DTLVS• 4,325,80. Toxicology
Review: AJMEAZ 38,409,65; 27ZTAP 3,139,69.
OSHA Standard: Air: TWA 100 ppm; CL 200; Pk
300/5M/3H (SCP-J) FEREAC 39,23540,74. DOT:
ORM-A, Label: None FEREAC 41,57018,76. Occupa-
tional Exposure to Tetrachloroethylene recm std: Air:
TWA 50 ppm; CL 100 ppm/l5M NTIS••. NCI Carci-
nogenesis Bioassay Completed; Results Positive: Mouse
(NCITR• NCI-CG-TR-13,77). NCI Carcinogenesis
Dioassay Completed; Results Negative: Rat (NCITR •
NCI-CG-TR-13,77). Currently Tested by NTP for Car-
cinogenesis by Standard Bioassay Protocol as of De-
cember 1980."NIOSH Manual of Analytical Melhods"
VOL I 127, VOL 3 S335. NIOSH Current lnlelligence
Dullelin 20, 1978. Reported in EPA TSCA Inventory,
1980. EPA TSCA 8E No: 05780146-Followup Sen!
as of Aoril, 1979.
TIIR: MOD via inhal, oral, scu, ipr and dermal routes.
HIGH via ivn route. Not corrosive or dangerously
acutely reactive, but toxic by inhal, by prolonged or
repeated contact With the skin or mu mem, or when
ingested by mouth. The liquid can cause injuries to
the eyes; however, with proper precautions it can be
handled safely. The symptoms of acute intoxication
from this· material are the result of its effects upon
the nervous system.
Exposures to higher cone than 200 ppm cause irr,
lachrymation and burning of the eyes and irr of the
nose and throat. There may be vomiting, nausea, drow-
siness, an attitude of irresponsibility, and even an ap-
pearance resembling alcoholic intoxication. This mate-
rial also acts as an anesthetic, through the inhalation
of excessive amounts within a short time. The symp-
toms of fatal intoxication are irritation of the eyes,
nose and throat, then fullness in the head, mental confu-
sion; there may be headache stupefaction,. nausea and
1 vomiting, personnel suffering from subacute poisoning
may suffer from such symptoms as headache, fatigue,
nausea, vomiting, mental confusion and temporary
1 blurring of the visioit. This can occur when inadequate
ventilation results in concentrations higher than 200
ppm, or where the vapor cone are intermittently high
due to faulty handling of the material, or when an
individual fails to take adequate precautionary mea-
sures.
This material can cause dermatitis, particularly after
repeated or prolonged contact with the skin. The der-
matitis is preceded by a reddening and burning and
more rarely, a blistering of the skin. In any event, the
skin becomes rough and dry, due largely to the removal
of skin oils by material. The skin then cracks easily
and is readily susceptible to infection. Upon ingestion
it causes irr of the gastrointestinal tract, which, in tum.
causes nausea., vomiting, diarrhea and bloody stools.
However, such effects arc usually less severe than the
effects of swallowing similar amounts of other chlori-
nated hydrocarbons. An exper CARC. MUT data.
It may be handled in the presence or absence of
air, water, and light with any of the COmmon construc-
tion materials at temp. up to 140°C. This material is
extremely stable and resists hydrolysis. A common air
contaminant. Reacts violently with Ba, Be, Li; N2O~;
metals; NaOH.
Disaster Hazard: Dangerous; when heated to decomp it
emits high tox fumes of chlorides.
For further information see Perchloroethylene Vol. l, No.
2 of DPIM Report.
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1,1,l-TRICHLOROETHANE
CAS RN: 71556
mf: C.HaCh; mw: 133.40
NIOSH #: KJ 2975000
Colorless liquid. bp: 74.1 °, fp: -32.5°, flash p: norie, d:
1.3376 @ 20°/4°, vap. press: 100 mm @ 20.0°. Insol
in water; sol in a~tone, benzene., carbon tetrachloride, methanol, ether.
·SYNS:
CHLOROETHENE
CHLOROTHANE NU
CHLOROTHENE .
METHYL CHLOROFORM
METHYLTRICHLOROMEllfANE
NCl-<04626
I, I, 1-TRICHLOORE'IliAAN
(D<m:H)
1,1,1-TRICHLORAElltAN (GER·
MAN)
TRICHLOR0-1,l,1-ETHANE
(FRENCH)
ALPHA-TRICHLOROETHANE
l,l,l•TRICLOROETANO (ITALIAN)
TOXICITY DATA: 2-1 CODEN:
ihl-nit TCLo:21()() ppm/24H (14D TOXID9 1,28,80 pr</1-20D p.-.g)
eye-man 450 ppm/SH WIMAG 28,286,71
skn-rbt 5"gm/120,I MLD AIHAAP 19,353,58 skn-rbt 500 mg/24H MOD 28ZPAK -,2!,72
cye-rbt 100 mg MLD AillAAP 19,353,58 cye-rbt 2 mg/24H SEV 28ZPAK -,28,72 ihl-man LCI.o:27 gm/m3/I0M JOCMA7 8,358,66 ihl-man TCLo:350 ppm:PSY WEHSAL 10,82,73 orl-hmn TDI.o:670 mg11tg:GIT NTIS" PB257-185
ihl-hmn TCLo:920 ppm/70M:CNs AillAAP 19,353,58
orl-rat LOSO: 10300 mg/kg NTIS•• PB257-18S
ihl-nit LCl.o:1000 ppm FMCHA2 -,D317,80 ipr-rat Loso:stoo mg/kg NTIS•• PB257-I8S
orl-mus LDso: 11240 mg/kg NTIS•• PB257-185
ihl-mus LCLo: 11000 ppm/2H HBTXAC 5,72,59
ipr-mus LDso:4700 mg/kg TXAPA9 13,287,68
orl-do8 LDS0:750 mg/kg FMCHA2 -,D317,80 ipr-dog LDS0:3100 mg/kg TXAPA9 10,119,67
ivn-doa LDz.o:95 mg/kg HBTXAC 5,72,59
orl-rbt LDS0:5660 mg/kg A1HAAP 19,353,58
scu-rbt LDI.o:500 mg/kg HBTXAC 5,72,59 orl-gpg LDS0:9470 mg/kg AIHAAP 19,353,58
Aquatic Toxicity Rating: TLm96: 100-IO ppm WQCHM•
3,-, 74. Carcinogenic Determination: Indefinite !ARC•• 20,515,79.
TLV: Air: 350 ppm DTLVS• 4,269,80. Toxicology Re-
view: FAZMAE 18,365,74; EATR•• EB-TR-75047;
AIHAAP 40,A46, 79. OSHA Standard: Air: TWA 350
ppm (SCP-J) FEREAC 39,23540,74. DOT: ORM-A,
Label: None.FEREAC 41,57018,76. Occupational Ex-
posure to 1,1,1-Trichloroethanc rccm std: Air: CL 350
ppm/ISM NTIS••. NCI Carcinogenesis· Bioassay
Completed; Results Negative (NCITR* NCI-CG-TR-
3, 71). Cm:rently Tested by NTP for Carcinogenesis by
· · Standard ·Bioassay Protocol as of December 1980.
"NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods" VOL I 127,
VOL 3 S328. NIOSH Current Intelligence Bulletin 27,
1978. Reported in EPA TSCA Inventory, 1980. EPA
TSCA 8(a) Preliminary Assessment Information Pro-
posed Ruic FERREAC 45,13646,80.
THR: In hrnn it causes PSY, GIT, CNS effects. A MOD
skn irr, a SEY eye irr in rbts. LOW orl, ipr, ihl in
rat, mus. MOD or!, ipr dog; Narcotic in high cone.
Causes a proarrhythmic activity which sensitizes the
heart to epinephrine-induced arrhythmias. This some-
times will cause a cardiac arrest particularly when this
material is massively inhaled as in drug abuse for eu-
phoria. Reacts violently with N,O,, O,, 0, liquid, Na,
NaOH, Na-K alloy.
Disaster Hazard: Dangerous; sec chlorides.
For further information see Vol. 2, No. I of DPIM Re-
port.
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1,1,2-TRICHWROETHANE
CAS RN: 79005 NIOSH #: KJ 3150000
mf: C.H,Cl,; mw: 133.40
Liquid, pleasant odor. bp: 114°, fp: -35°, d: 1.4416 @
20°/4°, vap. press: 40 mm @ 35.2°.
SYNS:
ETHANE TRlCHLORlOE
NCl-d)4.!i79
BET A-TRICHLOROETHANE
1,2,2-Tit.lCffLOROITTliANE
TOXICITY DATA:
sbt-rbt .SOO mg open MLD
skn-rt>t 810 mg/24H SEY
cye-rbt 162 mg MLD
skn-gpg 1440 mg/15M
cyt-gpg-skn 2880 ug/kg
orl-mus TDLo:76 gm/kg/78W-
I:CAR
TROJCHLOROETAN(l,1,2) (POL-
ISH)
VINYL TRICHLORIDE
3 CODEN:
ucos .. 612sn2
JETOAS 9,171,76
JETOAS 9,171,76
APTOA6 41,298,77
APTOA6 41,298,77
NCITR• NCI-CG-TR-
74,78
orl-mus ro: 152 gm/kg/78W-l=CAR NCITR• NCI-CG-TR-
74,78
orl-rat 1.050: 1140 mg/kg UCDS" 6/28n2
ihl-rat l.CLo'500 ppm/SH AIHAAP 30,470,69
ip<-mus LD50:994 mg/kg TXAPA9 9,139,66
,cu-mus LD50!227 mg/kg JPETAB 123,224,58
orl-dog LDLo:500 mg/leg AJHYA2 16,325,32
ip<-dog LD50=450 mg/leg TXAPA9 10,119,67
ivn-dog LDLo=95 mg/leg QJPPAL 7,205,34
ihl-<:at LCLo: 13100 mg/m3/4.5H AHBAAM 116,131,36
scu-rbt LOLo:500 mg/leg QJPPAL 7,205,34
Aquatic Toxicity Rating: TLm96: 100-10 ppm WQCHM•
3,-, 74. Carcinogenic Determination: Animal Positive
IARC .. 20,533,79.
TLV.· Air: 10 ppm (skin) DTLVS• 4,406,80. Toxicology
Review: FAZMAE 18,365,74; AIHAAP 40,A46,79;
27ZTAP 3,146,69. OSHA Standard: Air: TWA 10 ppm
(skin) (SCP-J) FEREAC 39,23540,74. NCI Carcino-
genesis Bioassay Completed; Results Positive: Mouse
(NCITR• NCI-CG-TR-74,78). NCI Carcinogenesis
Bioassay Completed; ),lesults Negative: Rat (NCITR •
NCI-CG-TR-74,78). "NIOSH Manual of Analytical
Methods" VOL I 127, VOL 2 Sl34. NIOSH Current
Intelligence Bulletin 27, 1978. Reported in EPA TSCA
Inventory, 1980. EPA TSCA 8(a) Preliminary Assess!
ment Information Proposed Rule FERREAC 45,
13646,80.
THR: HIGH ivn, scu and MOD orL ihL ipr and dermal
MOD skn irr and SEY eye irr in rbts. Trichl6roetbane
has narcotic properties and acts as a local irr to the
eyes, nose and lungs. It may also be injurious to the
liver and kidneys. A fumigant. An exper CARC. MUT
data.
Disaster Hazard: Dangerous; see chlorides.
Incomp: K.
For further information see Vol. 2, No. 6 and Vol. 3,
No. 2 of DPIM Report.
1•
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1,1,1-TRICHWROETHANE mixed with
TETRACHLOROETHYLENE (3'1)
SYNS:
oowa.em
2-1
NIOSH #: IO 3950000
EC CU!>J<ER
CODEN: TOXICITY DATA:
orl-m LOSO: 15 gm/kg AIHAAP 24,541,63
ihl-rat LC50: 3700 ppm/7H AIHAAP 24,541,63
orl-mus LOSO: 10 gm/kg AIHAAP 24,541,63
orl-rbt LOSO' 13 gm/kg AIIIAAP 24,541,63
orl-gpg LDS0:6 gm/kg AIHAAP 24,541,63
THR: LOW orl. ihl in rat; LOW or! in mus; or! in rbt
and or! in gpg.
Disaster Hazard: When heated to decomp it emits very
tox fumes of ct·.
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TRICHLORO ETHYLENE
CAS RN: 79-01-6 NIOSH #: KX 4550000
mf: C,HCI,; mw: 131.38
Mobile liquid; characteristic odor of chloroform. d: l .4649
@ 20°;4°-bp: 86.7°; flash p: 89.6°F; lei= 12.5%; uel
= 90% @ above 30°; mp: -73°; fp: -86.8°; autoign.
temp.: 788°F; vap. press: 100 mm @ 32°; vap. d: 4.53.
SYNS:
ACETYLENE TRICHLORIDE
I -CH LOR0-2,2-DICH LOROETII-
Y LENE
I, 1 •DICHLOR0-2-CHWROETH-
YLENE
NCI-Co4546
TRICHLOORETIIEEN (DUTCH)
TRICHLORAl:."THEN (GERMAN)
TRI-CLENE
TRICLORETENE (ITALIAN)
VESTROL
ETHYLENE TRICHLORIDE
SKIN AND EYE IRRITATION
DATA: 3 CODEN:
cyc-hmn 5 ppm
slm-rbt 500 mg/24H SEV
cyc-rbt 20 mg/24HSEV .
MUTATION DATA:
mmo-sat 100 ul../plate
mma-sat S pph/2H
mma--smc 10 ml.IL
slt-mus-ipr I mmoVL
dns-mus-or1 2500 mg/L
dns-mus: bmr I mmoVL
hma-mus/smc 400 mg/kg
REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS
DATA:
ihl-rat TCLo: 1800 ppm/24H (1-2D
prcg)
ihl-rat TCLo: 100 ppm/4H (6-22D
prcg)
ihl-rat TCLo: 1800 ppm/6H (1-20D
preg)
TUMORGENIC DATA:
ihl-rat TCLo:500 ppm/6Hn7W-
t:ETA
orl-mus TDLo:455 g/kg/78W-I:CAR
ihl-mus TCLo:100 ppm/6H/
77W-f:ETA
ihl-ham TCLo: 100 ppm/6H/
77W-l=ETA
orl-mus TD=912 g/k.g/78W-I:CAR
ihl-mus TC: SOO ppm/6Hn7W-I: ET A
TOXICITY DATA:
orl-hmn LDLo:7 g/k.g
ihl-hmn TCLo=6900 mg/M3/
IQM:CNS
ihl-hmn TCt.o:160 ppm/83M:CNS
ihl-hmn TDLo:812 mg/kg:SYS
ihl-man TCLo:110 ppm/SH:JRR
ihl-man LCLo=2900 ppm
orl-rat LDS0=4920 mg/kg
ihl-rat LCLo:8000 ppm/4H
orl-mus LDSQ:2402 mg/kg
ihl-mus LCLo:3000 ppm/21-1
ipr-mus LD50: 3000 mg/kg
ivn-mus LOSQ:34 mg/kg
orl-dog LOLo:5860 mg/kg
ipr-d.og Loso: 1900 mg/kg
scu.-dog LOLo: 150 mg/kg
ivn-dog LDLo: 150 mg/kg
orl-cat LOLo=5866 mg/kg
ihkat LCLo:32500 mg/M3/2H
orl-rbt Ll)Lo:1)30 mg/kg
scu-rb! LDLo: 1800 mg/kg
ihl-gpg LCLo=37200 ppm/40M
JOCMA 7 2,383,60
28ZPAK -,28,72
28ZPAK -,28, 72
CODEN:
NIOSH• SAUG77
ARTODN 41,249,79
MUREAV 48,173,77
MUREAV 46,202,77
NTIS .. AD-A0S0-636
NTIS .. AD-A0S0-636
JEPTDQ 1,411,78
CODEN:
APT0D9 19,A22,80
JPHYA7 276,24P,78
TXCYAC 14,153,79
CODEN:
ARTODN 43,237,80
NCITR• NCI-CG-TR-2,76
ARTODN 43,237,80
ARTODN 43,237,80
NCITR • NCI-CG-TR-2, 76
ARTODN 43,237,80
CODEN:
ARTODN 35,295,76
AHBAAM ll6,131,36
AIHAAP 23,167,62
BMJOAE 2,689,45
BJIMAG 28,293,71
NZMJAX 50,119,51
AIHAAP 30,470,69
AIHAAP 30,470,69
NTtS•• AD-A0S0-636
AEPPAE 141,19,29
JETOAS 7(4),247,74
cncci·• 6,141,54
12VXAS 8, 1069,68
TXAPA9 10,119,67
IIBTXAC 5,76,59
QJPPAL 7,205,34
NBTXAC 5,76,59
AMBAAM 116,131,36
HBTXAC 5,76,59
QJl'PAL 7,205.34
IIBTXAC 5,76,59
Aquatic Toxicity Rating:TLm96= 1000-100 ppm
WQCHM• 3,-,74. Carcinogenic Determination: Ani-
mal Positive IARC•• 20,545,79; !ARC•• 11,263,
76.
TLV: TWA 50 ppm; STEL 150 ppm DTLVS• 4,406,
80.
Toxicology Review: JTEHD6 ·2(3),671,77; CLPTAT 8,
91,67; JOCMA7 16(3),194,74; JOCMA7 17(9),603,75;
FNSCA6 2,67,73; BNYMAM 54,413,78; 27ZTAP_
3, 146,69. OSHA Standard: Air: TWA 100 ppm; Cl200;
Pk 300/5M/2H (SCP-J) FEREAC 39,23540,74. DOT:
ORM-A, Label: None FEREAC 41,57018,76. Occupa-
tional Exposure to Trichloroethylene recm std: Air:
TWA 100 ppm; CL 150 ppm/lOM NTIS••. Occupa-
tional Exposure to Waste Anesthetic Gases and Vapors
recm std: Air: CL 2 ppm/lH NTIS ... NCI Carcino-
genesis Bioassay Completed; Results Positive: Mouse
(NCITR*NCI-CG-TR-2,76); Results Negative: Rat
(NCITR(NCI-CG-TR-2,76). Currently tested by NTP
for carcinogenesis by Standard Bioassay Protocol as
-of April 1982. NTP Carcinogenesis Bioassay Com-
pleted as of April 1982. "NIOSH Manual of Analytical
Methods" VOL I 127, Vol 3, S336. NIOSH Current
Intelligence Bulletin 2, 1975. Reported in EPA TSCA
Inventory, 1980. EPA TSCA 8e NO: 05780146-
Followup sent as of April, 1979.
THR: A strong skn, eye irr. MUT data. An exper TER,
ETA, CARC. HIGH ivn, scu, ihl; MOD ihl, orl, ipr;
LOW orl, ihl. Inhal of high cone causes narcosis and
anesthesia. A form of addiction has been observed in
exposed workers. Prolonged inhal of mod cone causes
headache and drowsiness. Fatalities following severe,
acute exposure have been attributed to ventricular fi-
brillation resulting in cardiac failure. There is damage
to liver and other organs from chronic exposure. Cases
have been reported but are of questionable validity.
Determination of the metabolites trichloracetic acid
and trichloroethanol in urine reflects the absorption
of trichloroethylene. A food additive permitted in
food for human consumption. A common air contam-
inant.
Fire Hazard: Low, when exposed to heat or flame. High
cone of trichloroethylene vapor in high-temp air can
be made to burn mildly if plied with a strong flame.
Though such a condition is difficult to produce, flames
or arcs should not be used in closed equipment which
contains any solvent residue or vapor.
Spontaneous Heating: No.
Disaster Hazard: Dangerous. When heated to decomp
it emits tox fumes of c1-. Sec chlorides.
For further information sec Vol. I, No. 2 and Vol. 3,
No. I of DPIM Report.
lncomp: Can react violently with Al, Ba, N20". Li, Mg,
liquid 0,, 0,, KOH, KNO,, Na, NaOH, Ti.
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VINYL CHLORIDE
CAS RN, 75014 NIOSH #, KU 9625000
mfc C2H,CI; mwc 62.50
Colorless liquid or gas (when inhibited), faintly sweet
odor. mp, -160°; bpc -13.9°, lei = 4%, uel = 22%;
flash pc l7.6°F (COC), fpc -159.7°, d(liquid)c 0.9195 @
15°/4°, vap. press, 2600 mm@ 25°, vap de 2.15, autoign.
temp.: 882°F. Slightly sol in water; sol in ale; very sol
in ether.
SYNS,
CHLOROETHENE
CHLOROETHYLENE
CHLORURE DE VINYLE (FRENCH)
CLORURO DI VINILE (ITALIAN)
ETHYLENE MONOCHLORIDE
MONOCHLOROETHENE
MONOCH.LOROETHYLENE (DOT)
VINYLCHLORID (GERMAN)
VINYL CHLORIDE (DOT)
VINYL CHLORIDE MONOMER
VINYL C MONOMER
WINVLU CHLOREK (POLISH)
TOXICITY DATAc
mma-smc 25000 ppm
otr-rat-ihl 2000 ppm/l4W-1
hma-rat/smc I pph/24H-C
3
ihl-man TCLo:30 mg/mJ (5Y male)
ihl-rat TCLocl<JO ppm/7H (6-150
prcg)
ihl-rat TCLo: 1500 ppm/24H (1-9D
prcg)
ihl-rat TCLo:6000 ppm/4H (12-18D
preg):ETA
ihl-man TCLo=500 ppm/4Y-I=CAR
orl.n,t TDLo' IO gm/kg/52W-l'CAR
ihl-rat TCLo'SO ppm/52W-1,CAR
ihl-nt TCLo'6000 ppm/4H/(12-18D
prcg)'CARC
ipr-rat TDLo:21 mg/kg/65W-I=ETA
scu-rat TOLo:21 mg/k:g/67W-I=ETA
ihl-mus TCLo:50 ppm/30W-[:CAR
ihl-ham TCLo=SO ppm/4H/30W-
l'CAR
ihl-mus TC=2500 ppm/26W-I=NEO
ihl-rat TC=250 ppm/S2W-(:CAR
ihl-mus TC=SO ppm/47W-I=CAR
orl-rat TD,34 gm/kg/3Y-IcCAR
ihl-mus Tc:2500 ppm/26W-I:NEO
ihl-mus TC:2500 ppm/JSW-l=CAR
ihl-rat Tc:250 ppm/2Y-I=CAR
ihl-bam Tc,soo ppm/48W-ICNEO
ihl-rat TC:250 ppm/80W-I=CAR
ihl-rat TC:SO ppm/37W-l=CAR
orl-rat LD50: 500 mg/kg
ihl-gpg LCLo=20 ppm/J0M
CODEN,
MUREAV 91,381,81
ARTODN 47,71,81
MUREAV 91,381,81
GTPZAB 24(5),28,80
TXAPA9 33,134,75
TXCY AC 11,45,78
ANYAA9 271,431,76
JOCMA7 16,809,74
APDCDT 3,216,76
ANYAA9 271,431,76
ANYAA9 271,431,76
APDCDT 3,216,76
APDCDT 3,216,76
ANYAA9 271,431,76
APDCDT 3,216,76
ENVRAL 16,285,78
JTEHD6 4,15,78
JTEHD6 4,15,78
EVHPAZ 21,1,77
ENVRAL 16,285,78
ENVRAL 7,387,74
AANUW 56,1,74
MELAAD 65,421,74
MELAAD 65,421,74
MELAAD 65,421,74
oowcc•
85DVA7 -,1160,38
Aquatic Toxicity Rating: TLm96:over 1000 ppm
WQCHM• 3,-,74.
Carcinogenic Determination: Human Positive IARC ..
19,377,79.
TLV: Aire 5 ppm DTLVS• 4,427,80. Toxicology Review:
FAZMAE 18,365,74; JTEHD6 1(1),47,75; CMTVAS
10(3),49,73; CHWEAP 70,5,74; CAN CAR 39, 1792,77;
MUREAV 32(2),93,76; ZHPMAT 166,113,78; BNY-
MAM 54,413,78; ABMHAM 35,585,77; CBINA8
22,117,78. OSHA Standard, Aire TWA l ppm; CL 5
ppm/15M FEREAC 40,27073,75. DOT, Flammable
Gas, Label, Flammable Gas FEREAC 41,57018,76.
Occupational Exposure to Vinyl Halides recm std: Air:
TWA I ppm; CL 5 ppm/15M NTIS". "NIOSH Man-
ual of Analytical Methods" VOL I 178. NIOSH Cur-
rent Intelligence Bulletin 28, 1978. Reported in EPA
TSCA Inventory, 1980. EPA TSCA SE No.
03780104-Followup Reply Received asof April, 1979.
T/IR: HIGH irr via inhal route and to skn, eyes and
mu mem. In high cone, it acts as an anesthetic. Causes
skn bums by rapid evaporation and consequent freez-
ing. Chronic exposure has shown liver injury in rats
and rbts. Circulatory and bone changes in the fingertips
reported in workers handling unpolymerized materials.
A hmn brain CARC and an exper brain CARC, NEO,
ETA via inhal route. May cause local irr.
Fire Hazard: Dangerous, when exposed to heat, flame
or oxidizers. Large fires of this material are practically
inextinguishable.
Spontaneous Heating: No.
Explosion Hazard: Severe, in the form of vapor, when
exposed to heat or flame. Also, on standing, forms per-
oxides in air and can then explode.
Disaster Hazard: Very dangerous; when heated to decamp
it emits highly tox fumes of phosgene; can react vigor-
ously with oxidizing materials. Before storing or han-
dling this material, instructions for its use should be
obtained from the supplier.
To Fight Fire: Stop flow of gas.
For further information see Vol. I, No. 3 of DPIM Report.
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XYLENE
CAS RN: 1330207
mf: C,H.,; mw: 106.18
SYNS:
OIMETHYLBENZENE
KSYLEN (POLISH)
XILOU (ITALIAN)
NIOSH #: ZE 2100000
XYLENEN (DUTCH)
XYLOL
XYLOLE (GERMAN)
TOXICITY DATA: 3-2-1 CODEN:
ihl-rat TCLo: 1000 mg/mJ/2411
(9-14D preg)
eye-hmn 200 ppm
skn-rbt 100% MOD
skn-rbt 500 mg/24H MOD
cye-rbt 87 mg MLD
eye-rbt 5 mg/24H SEV
ihl-hmn TCLo:200 ppm=IRR
ihl-man LCLo= 10000 ppm/6H
orl-rat L050=4300 mg/kg ·
ihl-rat LC5Q:5QOO ppm/4H
scu-rat Loso: t 700 mg/kg
ipr-mus LOSO= 1570 ug/kg
ipr-gpg LpLo:2000 mg/kg·
ipr-mam LOLo=2000 mg/kg
TXCYAC 11,55,78
JIHTAB 25,282,43
AMIHAB 14,387,56
28ZPAK -,24,72
AMIHAB 14,387,56
28ZPAK -,24,72
JIIITAB 25,282,43
BMJOAE 3,442,70
AMIHAB 14,387,56
NPIRI• 1,123,74
NPIRI• 1,123,74
AGGHAR 18,109,00
AIHAAP 35,21,74
AJHY A2 7,276,27
Aquatic Toxicity Rating: TLm96: 100-10 ppm WQCHM•
2,-,74.
Toxicology Review: 27ZTAP 3,153,69. OSHA Standard:
Air: TWA 100 ppm (SCP-U) FEREAC 39,23540,74.
Occupational Exposure to Xylene recm std: Air: TWA
100 ppm; CL 200 ppm/lOM NTIS ... "NIOS~ Manual
of Analytical Methoqs". VOL I 127, VOL 3 S318. Re-
ported in EPA TSCA Inventory, 1980. EPA TSCA
8(a) Prd.im[nary Assessment Information Proposed
Rule FERREAC 45,13646,80.
THR:. A hmn eye irr; A ikn eye irr. A hmn IRR and
MOD ipr, scu, ih~ LOW orl.
Disaster Hazard: When heated to decomp it emits acrid
smoke and fumes.
XYLENE
CAS RN: 1330207 NIOSH #: ZE 2190000
A clear liquid. bp: 138.5°, flash p: 100°F (TOC), d: 0.864
@ 20°/4°, vap. press: 6.72 mm @ 21°. Composition
as nonaromatics .07%, toluene 14%, ethyl benzene
19.27%, p-xylene 7.84%, m-xylene 65.01%, o-xylerie
7.63%, C9 and aromatics .04% (TXAPA9 33,543,75) SYNS:
AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS. NCI-C55232
MIXED
TOXICITY DATA: 2 CODEN:
ihl-rat LC50=6700 ppm/4H TXAPA9 33,.543,75
Currently Tested by NTP for Carcinogenesis by Standard
Bioassay Protocol as of December 1980. Reported in
EPA TSCA Inventory, 1980. EPA TSCA SE No.
12770025-Status Report Prepared as of April, 1979.
THR: MOD via inhal and oral routes. Some temporary
corneal effects are noted, as well as some conjunctival
irr by instillation. Irr can start @ 200 ppm. Very little
dennal toxicity.
Fire Hazard: Mod, in the presence of heat or flame; can
react with oxidizing materials.
To Fight Fire: Foam, CO,, dry chemical.
Disaster Hazard: When heated to decornp it emit') acrid
smoke and fumes.
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o-XYLENE
CAS RN: 95476 NIOSH #: ZE 2450000
mf: C.H10; mw: 106.18
Colorless liquid; d: 0.880 @ 20°/4°; mp: -25.2°; bp:
144.4°; flash p: 62.6°F. Lei = 1.0%; ·uel = 6.0%. Insol
in water; misc in absolute ale; ether.
SYNS:
0-0IMETHYLBENZENE
0-METHYLTOLUENE
1,2-XYLENE
TOXICITY DATA: 3-2
1,2-DIMETHYLBENZENE
0-XYLOL
CODEN:
ihl-rat TCLo: 150 mg/m3n4H (7-14D
prcg)
TXCYAC 18,61,80
ihl-rat TCLo: 1500 mg/m3/24H (J-
14D p,eg)
ihl-rat TCLo:JOOO mg/m3/24H (J-
14D p,eg)
orl-rat LDLo:sooo mg/kg
ihl-rat LCLo:6125 ppm/l2H
ihl-mus LCLo:6920 ppm
TXCYAC 18,61,80
TXCY AC 18,61,80
AMIHAB 19,403,59
JPBAA7 46,95,38
AEPPAE 143,223,29
Aquatic Toxicity Rating: TLm96: 100-10 ppm WQCHM*
2,-,74.
TL V: Air: 100 ppm DTLVS• 4,440,80. Toxicology Re-
•iew: MUREA V 47(2),75,78. Occupational Exposure
to Xylene recm std: Air: TWA 100 ppm; CL 200 ppm/
!OM NTIS~•. Reported in EPA TSCA Inventory,
1980. EPA TSCA 8(a) Preliminary Assessmenl Infor-
mation Proposed Rule FERREAC 45, 13646,80.
THR: HIGH-MOD orl, ihl. Eye irr @ 200 ppm. A com-
mon air contaminant.
Fire Hazard_· Dangerous, when exposed to heat or
flame.
Explosion Hazard: Slight, in the form of vapor, when
exposed to heal or flame.
Disaster Hazard: When heated to decomp it emits acrid
smoke and fumes.
To Fight Fire: Foam, CO2, dry chemical.
Incomp: Oxidizing mat~rials.
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m-XYLENE
CAS RN: 108383 NIOSH #: ZE 2275000 mfc C.H,o; mw; 106.18
Color!= liquid; mp: -47.9°; bp: 139°; lei = I.I%; uel = 7.0%; flash p: 77°F; d: 0.864 @ 20°/4°; vap pr=: IO mm @ 28.3°; vap d: 3.66; autoign temp: 986°F. In-sol in water; misc with ale, ether and some organic sol-
vents.
SYNS:
M-DIMETHYLBENZENE
l,3-XYLENE
1,3-DIMETHYLBENZENE
M-XYLOL
TOXICITY DATA: 3-2 CODEN:
ihl-rat TCLo: 3000 mg/m3/24H (7-
14D p,cg)
od-mus TDLo: 12 mg/kg (12-15D
prcg)
orl-mus TDl.o:30 mg/kg (6-15D p,cg)
ihl-man TCLo:424 mg/mJ/6.H/6D
skn-rbt 10 ug/24H open SEV
orl-rat LOSO: SOOO mg/leg
ihl-rat LCLo:scioo ppm/-4H
ihl-mias LCLo:2010 ppm/24H
TXCYAC 18,61,80
APTOD9 19,A22,80
APT0D9 19,A22.80
TOLEDS IOOO(Sp. lss.
1),74,8
AIHAAP 23,95,62
AMIHAB 19,403,59
AIHMP 23,95,62
1PBAA1 46,95,38
TLV: Air: 100 ppm DTLVS• 4,439,80. Toxicology Re-view: MUREA V 47(2),75,78. Occupational Exposure to Xylene recm std: Air: TWA 100 ppm; CL 200 ppm/ IOM NTIS ... Reported in EPA TSCA Inventory, 1980. EPA TSCA 8(a) Preliminary Ass=ment Infor-mation Proposed Rule FERREAC 45,13646,80. THR: HIGH-MOD orl, ihl. A common air contaminant. Eye irr @ 200 ppm.
Fire Hazard: Dangerous, when exposed to heat or flame,
can react with oxidizing materials.
Explosion Hazard: MOD, in the form of vapor when exposed to heat or flame.
Disaster Hazard: Dangerous; keep away from open flame.
When heated to decamp it emits acrid smoke. To Fight Fire: Foam, CO2, dry chemical.
For further information see Vol. I, No. 7 of DPIM Re-port.
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p-XYLENE
CAS RN: 106423 NIOSH #: ZE 2625000 mf: C,H,o; mw: 106.18
Clear plates; bp: 138.3°; lei: I.I%; uel = 7.0%; flash p: 77°F (CC); d: 0.8611 @ 20°/4°; vap press: 10 mm@ 27.3°; vap d: 3.66; autoign temp: 986°F. mp: 13°-(4°. lnsol in water; sol in ale, ether, organic solvents.
SYNS:
P•OIMETHYLBENZENE
P·METHYLTOLUENE
1,4-XYLENE
1,4-0IMETHYLBENZENE
P-XYLOL
TOXICITY DATA: 3-2-1 CODEN:
ihl-rat TCLo:JOOO mglm3/24H (9-TXCYAC 19,263,81 100 prcg)
ihl-rat TCLo: ISO mg/m3/24H (7-14D TXCYAC 18,61,80 prcg)
ihl-ral TCLo:3000 mg/m3/24H (7-TXCYAC 18,61,80 140 prcg)
orl-mus TOLo:12 mg/kg (12-150 APTOD9 19,A22,80 prcg)
ocl-rat LDSQ:SfXX) mg/kg AMIHAB 19,403,59 ihl-rat LCLo:4912 ppm/24H JPBAA7 -46,95,38 ihl-rrius LCLo:3460 ppm AEPPAE 143,223.29
Aquatic Toxicity Rating: TLm96: I00-10 ppm WQCHM• 2,-,74
TLV: Air: 100 ppm DTLWS• -,30,76. Toxicology Review: MUREA V 47(2), 75, 78. Occupational Exposure to Xy-lene rccm std: Air: TWA 100 ppm; CL 200 ppm/IOM NTIS ... Reported in EPA TSCA Inventory, 1980: EPA TSCA 8(a) Preliminary Assessmeqt Information Proposed Rule FERREAC 45, 13646,80. THR: LOW or!, ihl. Eye irr @ 200 ppm. May be narcotic in high cones. Chronic lox not established; but is less tax than benzene. · · · Fire Hazard: Dangerous, when exposed to heat or flame; can react with oxidizing materials.
Explosive Hazard: MOD, in the form of vapor, when exposed to heat or flame.
Disaster Hazard: When heated to decomp it emits acrid smoke and fumes.
To Fight Fire: Foam, CO,, dry chemical.
lncomp: Acetic acid + air~ HNO3; l,3-dichloro-5,5-di-methyl-2,4-imid-azolidindione.
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UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
REGION IV
REF: 4WD-El,
Harold E. Mills
0._)eLations t13.nar_JeL
Channel Master
P.O. Box 1416
InJustr:-ial Park l.)("ive
345 COURTLAND STREET
ATLANTA. GEORGIA 30365
MAY O 5 1987
s~ithtield, North Carolina 27577
[Bar-Mr-. Mills :
Ref. 22
We appreciate Channel M3.ster informing us of its intention to proceed with the clean-up ot the lagoon located at Channel Master's Oxford facility.
The followirYJ guidance is provided with the intent of assisting Channel M3.ster in the clean-up of the lagoon. It is also recannended that you consult with the State of N:>rth Carolina before and during any clean-up of the site. Should the Stat,? wish to assist Channel Master in the clean-up process,~ =uld encourage such cooperation.
Our goal is to re:-iuce contaninant levels in the soils such that those contaninants will not leach out and cause the groundwater to exceed State or Federdl cJrinkin;i water standards. We reeoonnend that you work with the State to develop appropriate leachability tests to deter:nine which of the sludges and surrounding soils should be removed.
Conversations with 01annel 113.ster personnel indicate that kiln drying of sludJes is one ot the procalures that will b8 used in the clean-up of the la_:ioon. It is probable that, if the sludges are dried thoroU]hly, levels ot VOCs will not be of concern in these particular:-materials. It will be unportant, ho"-'c!ver, to contact the appropriate state agencies to ensure that the release of VOCs into the air caused by the process is permissable.
o--ice you have finalized a plan of action for the lagoon,"-"' request that the details of that plan be provided to us. It you have additional questions, please call Andrew Puffer at (404) ]47-2643.
Sine;,@~ £,t L. Wei,;>,,, O,i&if
Re-n8dial Action Section
Energency and Remedial R2sponse B::-anch
cc: Le<J Crosby
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Appendix D
Site Inspection Form