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Home My WebLink AboutNCD003200383_19930801_Koppers Co. Inc._FBRCERCLA RD_Final Remedial Design Work Plan - Revised-OCR., • OLD [REPLACED] PAGES· of rtpor-t-01-sheJf- -, ~ " :: , . .,·. "~---- FINAL REMEDIAL DESIGN WORK PLAN KOPPERS SUPERFUND SITE MORRISVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA Prepared for: BEAZER EAST, INC. 436 SEVENTH A VENUE PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA 15219 Prepared by: . CHESTER ENVIRONMENTAL 3000 TECH CENTER DRIVE MONROEVILLE, PENNSYLVANIA 15146 PROJECT 179285-01 REVISED AUGUST 1993 CHESTER ENVIRONMENTAL 3000Tech Center Dr.• Monroeville. PA 15146 412-825-9600· Fax 412-825-9699 • • 1.0 2.0 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES ............................................................. 1-1 SITE BACKGROUND AND SETTING ............................................................. 2-1 2.1 Site Description .......................................................................................... 2-1 2.2 Site History ................................................................................................. 2-1 2.3 Summary of Data ....................................................................................... 2-3 2.3.1 Surface and Subsurface Soils ....................................................... 2-3 2.3.2 Groundwater Quality .................................................................... 2-4 2.3.3 Surface Water Quality .................................................................. 2-5 2.3.4 Sediment Quality ........................................................................... 2-5 2.3.5 Fish Characterization ................................................................... 2-6 2.4 Summary of Baseline Risk Assessment. ................................................. 2-6 3.0 TREATABILI'IY STUDIES .................................................................................. 3-1 3.1 Bench-Scale Study Evaluation ................................................................. 3-2 3.2 Pilot-Scale Study Evaluation .................................................................... 3-3 3.3 Field Screening Techniques Evaluation ................................................ 3-4 3.4 Scheduling ................................................................................................... 3-5 4.0 SOIL REMEDIATION ........................................................................................ 4-1 4.1 Initial Evaluation ....................................................................................... 4-2 4.1.1 Existing Data Evaluation ............................................................. 4-2 4.1.2 Additional Data Needs ................................................................. 4-7 4.1.3 Soil Sampling ................................................................................. 4-9 4.1.4 Data Analysis and Evaluation ................................................... 4-19 4.1.5 ARARs .......................................................................................... 4-21 4.2 Preliminary Design .................................................................................. 4-21 4.2.1 Summary of Data Acquisition ................................................... 4-22 4.2.2 Permits .......................................................................................... 4-22 4.2.3 Design Criteria Report.. ............................................................. 4-23 4.2.4 Thirty Percent Plans and Specifications .................................. 4-23 4.3 Intermediate Design ................................................................................ 4-24 4.3.1 Draft Design Analysis ................................................................. 4-24 4.3.2 Sixty Percent Plans and Specifications ..................................... 4-25 4.3.3 Draft Construction Schedule ..................................................... 4-25 4.3.4 Performance Standards Verification Plan .............................. 4-25 Raleigh RD Work Plan -Revised 17928.5--01 CB/DCC#R0491 8/93 -ll -CHESTER ENV1AONMENTAL • • • TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Page 4.4 Pre-Final Design ...................................................................................... 4-27 4.4.1 Design Analysis Report .............................................................. 4-27 4.4.2 Ninety Percent Plans and Specifications ................................. 4-27 4.4.3 Draft CQAP ................................................................................. 4-27 4.4.4 Operation and Maintenance Plan ............................................ 4-28 4.4.5 Construciton Cost Estimate ....................................................... 4-28 4.5 Final Design .......................................... ; ................................................... 4-28 4.5.1 One Hundred Percent Plans and Specifications .................... 4-29 4.5.2 Final Construction Cost Estimate ............................................ 4-29 4.5.3 Final Construction Schedule ..................................................... 4-29 4.5.4 Final Construction Quality Assurance Plan ............................ 4-29 5.0 GROUNDWATER REMEDIATION ................................................................. 5-1 5.1 Initial Evaluation ...................................................................................... 5-4 5.1.1 Existing Data Evaluation ............................................................. 5-4 5.1.2 Additional Data Needs ............................................................... 5-11 5.1.3 Groundwater Monitoring P_rogram .......................................... 5-14 5.2 Preliminary Design .................................................................................. 5-18 5.2.1 Summary of Data Acquisition ................................................... 5-19 5.2.2 Design Criteria Report.. ............................................................. 5-22 5.2.3 Thirty Percent Plans and Specifications .................................. 5-24 5.2.4 Permits .......................................................................................... 5-24 5.3 Intermediate Design ................................................................................ 5-25 5.3.1 Draft Design Analysis ................................................................. 5-25 5.3.2 Sixty Percent Plans and Specifications ..................................... 5-26 5.3.3 Draft Construction Schedule ..................................................... 5-26 5.3.4 Performance Standards Verification Plan .............................. 5-26 5.4 Pre-Final Design ...................................................................................... 5-28 5.4.1 Ninety Percent Plans and Specifications ................................. 5-28 5.4.2 Construction Cost Estimate and Schedule .............................. 5-28 5.4.3 Draft Construction Quality Assurance Plan ........................... 5-29 5.4.4 Operation and Maintenance Plan ............................................ 5-29 5.5 Final Design .............................................................................................. 5-31 Raleigh RD Work Plan -Revised 179285-01 CB/DCC#R0491 8/93 • lll -CHESTER ENVIRONMENTAL • • 5.5.1 5.5.2 5.5.3 5.5.4 TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Page One Hundred Percent Plans and Specifications .................... 5-32 Final Construction Cost Estimate ............................................ 5-32 Final Construction Schedule ..................................................... 5-32 Final Construction Quality Assurance Plan ............................ 5-33 6.0 SURFACE WATER REMEDIATION .............................................................. 6-1 6.1 Initial Evaluation ....................................................................................... 6-2 6.1.1 6.1.2 6.1.3 6.1.4 6.1.5 6.1.6 Existing Data Evaluation ............................................................. 6-2 Additional Data Requirements .................................................. 6-6 Sediment Sampling and Analysis .............................................. 6-11 Surface Water Sampling and Analysis ..................................... 6-13 Data Analysis and Evaluation ................................................... 6-14 Fencing and Maintenance .......................................................... 6-14 6.2 Preliminary Design .................................................................................. 6-14 6.2.1 Summary of Data Acquisition ................................................... 6-14 6.2.2 Design Criteria Report ............................................................... 6-15 6.2.3 Thirty Percent Plans and Specifications .................................. 6-18 6.2.4 Permits .......................................................................................... 6-20 6.3 Intermediate Design ................................................................................ 6-20 6.3.1 Draft Design Analysis ................................................................. 6-21 6.3.2 Sixty Percent Plans and Specifications ..................................... 6-21 6.3.3 Draft Construction Schedule ..................................................... 6-21 6.3.4 Performance Standards Verification Plan .............................. 6-22 6.4 Pre-Final Design ...................................................................................... 6-22 6.4.1 Complete Design Analyses ........................................................ 6-23 6.4.2 Ninety Percent Plans and Specifications ................................. 6-23 6.4.3 Construction Cost Estimate ....................................................... 6-23 6.4.4 Pre-Final Construction Schedule .............................................. 6-23 6.4.5 Draft Construction Quality Assurance Plan (CQAP) ........... 6-24 6.4.6 Operation and Maintenance Plan ............................................ 6-24 6.5 Final Design .............................................................................................. 6-24 6.5.1 One Hundred Percent Plans and Specifications .................... 6-25 6.5.2 Final Construction Cost Estimate ............................................ 6-25 6.5.3 Final Construction Schedule ..................................................... 6-25 6.5.4 Final Construction Quality Assurance Plan ............................ 6-26 Raleigh RD Work Plan -Revised 179285.01 CB/DCC#R049! 8/93 -IV -CHESTER ENVIRONMENTAL TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) • Page 7.0 HABITAT MITIGATION PLANS ....................................................................... 7-1 7.1 Initial Evaluation ....................................................................................... 7-1 7.2 Preliminary Design .................................................................................... 7-5 7 .3 Final Design ................................................................................................ 7-8 7.4 Operation, Maintenance and Monitoring ............................................ 7-10 8.0 CONTRACTOR PROCUREMENT ................................................................... 8-1 8.1 Identification of Qualified Contractors .................................................. 8-1 8.2 Bid Solicitation ........................................................................................... 8-2 8.3 Bid Evaluation ............................................................................................ 8-3 8.4 Selection of Bidder( s) ............................................................................... 8-4 8.5 Issuance of Order ....................................................................................... 8-4 9.0 PROJECT MANAGEMENT PLAN .................................................................. 9-1 9.1 Data Management Procedures ................................................................ 9-1 9.2 Document Control.. ................................................................................... 9-1 9.3 Data Presentation ...................................................................................... 9-1 10.0 COMMUNITY RELATIONS ............................................................................ 10-1 • 11.0 REMEDIAL DESIGN SCHEDULE ............................................................... 11-1 • APPENDIX A APPENDIXB APPENDIXC APPENDICES Sampling and Analysis Plan A.1 Field Sampling Plan A.2 Quality Assurance Project Plan Health and Safety Plan Surface Water Treatability Study Procedures Raleigh RD Work Plan -Revised 179285--01 CB/DCC#R0491 8/93 -v-CHESTER ENVIRONMENTAL • • 3.0 TREATABILITY STUDIES The treatability studies of soil dechlorination technology are being conducted by EPA under the Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE) program. Two soil samples were taken by EPA from the Koppers site on March 24, 1993 for laboratory evaluation. One sample was taken from the area designated X-26, and one sample was taken from the area designated X-48. These samples are being evaluated at EPA laboratories in Cincinnati, Ohio, and through a support contract with Rice University, for the suitability of using Base Catalyzed Dechlorination (BCD) technology. Following the bench-scale testing, EPA plans to conduct an on- site pilot test at the site using equipment and personnel supplied by ETG Environmental and Separation and Recovery Systems (SRS). EPA reports that a work plan for the pilot testing is currently being prepared. ETG Environmental has licensed the BCD technology from the EPA for use at the site. There are three patents assigned to EPA for dechlorination of organics, such as those found in the soils at the Koppers site (penta and PCDDs/PCDFs). These patents are briefly described below . In the oldest patent, May 28, 1991, an aqueous solution of polyethylene glycol is added to the soil at a quantity of from 0.1 to 20 percent based on the soil. An alkali metal hydroxide, such as sodium hydroxide, is then added at an amount equal to 2 to 20 percent of the soil. This mixture is then heated to dehydrate the medium, and then further heated to between 100 and 300 degrees C to destroy the halogenated organic compounds. In the second patent, August 13, 1991, an alkali metal carbonate or bicarbonate, such as sodium carbonate or sodium bicarbonate, is added to the soil in an aqueous solution or in a solvent having a boiling point of at least 200 degrees C. The medium is dehydrated and heated to between 250 and 400 degrees C to destroy the halogenated organic compounds. In the latest patent, November 12, 1991, an alkaline earth metal carbonate, bicarbonate, or hydroxide is added to the soil as an aqueous solution or in a solvent. Raleigh RO Work Plan -Revised 179285--01 CB/DCC#R0491 8/93 3-1 CHESTER ENVIRONMENTAL • This patent is differentiated from the others in that hydrogen donor compounds may be added to the soil as a solvent for the alkaline earth metal. Suitable solvents include fatty acids, aliphatic alcohols or hydrocarbons and amines. In order to activate these compounds to produce free radical hydrogen, a source of carbon, such as sucrose, is added. In the typical process, soil is first screened, crushed in a crusher and pug mill, and stockpiled. The media is then mixed with ingredients such as sodium bicarbonate and wetting agents in a reactor, dehydrated, and further heated to destroy the halogenated organics. Off-gas from the reactor is passed through a cyclone and baghouse to remove dust. The gaseous effluent is passed through a water scrubber and then through carbon treatment. Scrubbing solution is sent to a settling tank. Sludge from the settling tank is sent to a mixing tank where it is mixed with activated carbon. This stream is then dewatered in a filter press. The filter cake is sent for secondary treatment. Filtrate is scrubbed in a carbon bed. Scrubbed water is reused in the system. Treated soil ususally has a pH of 12, but can be neutralized with an acid spray. • In the ETG Technologies SAREX system, the secondary reactor consists of a mixing tank, condenser, and carbon filters. The feed to this section is made up of filter cake, spent carbon, dust from the cyclone/baghouse, and condensate. Sodium hydroxide (5 to 10 percent by weight), a high boiling point hydrocarbon oil (Sun Par L W-107), and a proprietary catalyst are then added. This mixture is heated with agitation and held to ensure complete dehalogenation. Gases from the reactor are cooled and the condensate treated in carbon filters. • 3.1 Bench-Scale Study Evaluation Laboratory studies are currently being conducted by EPA to determine the suitability of BCD technology to process the soils at the Koppers site. Samples were taken from the Koppers site in March 1993 for evaluation. Once laboratory results are made available by EPA, Beazer will evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment technology to meet requirements of the ROD and for consistency with the NCP. It is anticipated that the data to be reviewed will consist of pretreatment and post- Raleigh RD Work Plan -Revised 179285--01 CB/DCC#R0491 8/93 3-2 CHESTER ENVIRONMENTAL • • • treatment analytical data for the constituents penta and PCDDs/PCDFs . Information on the treatment conditions would also be reviewed. This would include information on treatment times, treatment temperatures, and reagents used. 3.2 Pilot-Scale Study Evaluation An on-site pilot evaluation of the BCD treatment technology is being planned by EPA Their support contractors, ETG Environmental and PRC, will be conducting the on-site testing. ETG is reportedly preparing a work plan for conducting the on- site tests. EPA has stated that in order to conduct the pilot testing 15 cubic yards of soil will be needed. Before conducting the on-site pilot study a work plan will need to address the following issues: • • • • • • • The area and depth of excavations will be determined; Soil stockpile areas will be identified including storage of impacted soil, treated soil, and any fill soil; Backfill requirements will be determined including the use of treated soil or clean fill; Excavation problems next to the pond will be addressed; Decon facilities and equipment will be determined; A Health and Safety Plan will be prepared; and, A Sampling and Analysis Plan will be prepared prior to excavation for the pilot test. The plan will present the methods for analyzing for penta so that the excavation standards are met. During and after completion of the on-site pilot plant studies, data and process information made available by EPA will be reviewed. This review will consist of evaluating operating conditions of the pilot plant runs and corresponding analytical Raleigh RD Work Plan ~ Revised 179285-01 CB/DCC#R0491 B/93 3-3 CHESTER ENVIRONMENTAL • • results on treatability effectiveness. The results of the review will be transmitted in a letter report. Upon completion of the treatability studies and final evaluation of the effectiveness of dechlorination, EPA will determine whether incineration or dechlorination will be implemented as the final source control remedy for impacted soils at the site. 3.3 Field Screening Techniques Evaluation During the treatability studies, EPA through it's support contractor PRC Environmental, will be conducting an evaluation of five technologies for analyzing pentachlorophenol (PCP) in the field. These technologies are: 1. Penta Rise Test Kits (EnSys, Inc.) 2. HNU-Hanby Environmental Test Kits (HNU Systems) 3. Envirogard PCP Test Kits (Millipore, Inc.) PCP RaPID Assay (Ohmicron Corporation) 4. 5. Field Analytical Screening Program (FASP) Method (EPA Superfund Branch) The effectiveness of these field screening technologies will be evaluated by (1) defining the precision, accuracy, cost, and range of usefulness of each technology; (2) defining the data quality objectives that each technology is capable of meeting; and (3) comparing data obtained using each technology to the data obtained by the confirmatory laboratory using standard EPA methods for PCP analysis. Beazer desires to utilize the SITE Field Screening Demonstration soil and groundwater results to satisfy the requirements of the Pre-Design Investigation, to the extent that groundwater and soil are sampled during the screening demonstration. Because the test methods to be used by the SITE Field Screening Demonstration and for the Pre-Design Investigation are the same, it would serve to eliminate unnecessary duplicative testing . Raleigh RD Work Plan . Revised !79285--01 CB/DCC#R0491 8/93 3-4 CHESTER ENVIRONMENTAL • • • 3.4 Scheduling As agreed to by EPA and Beazer, Beazer will initiate the Pre-Design Investigation within fourteen (14) days of EPA's approval of the Remedial Design Work Plan, or within fourteen (14) days after completion of the access road, whichever is later. Beazer has committed to begin access road construction within one (1) week of the completion of the SITE demonstration . Raleigh RD Work Plan -Revised 179285-01 CB/DCC#R049! 8/93 3-5 CHESTER ENVIRONMENTAL • • • background locations, all pentachlorophenol results were well below the 95 mg/Kg cleanup level. Select soil samples from one background location and areas of the site where pentachlorophenol was reported in the soil were also analyzed for PCDDs/PCDFs. In addition to one background sample, seven surface soil samples were analyzed for PCDDs/PCDFs. Within the areas to be addressed during the RD, PCDDs/PCDFs samples were collected at borings X-17, X-18, X-19, X-23, X-50, X-54, X-56, X-57, and X-58 from within the former lagoon area and borings X-48, X-49, X-53, and X- 55 within the Cellon process area. The analytical data for all individual PCDD/PCDF congener concentrations were used to calculate 2,3,7,8-TCDD toxic equivalent concentrations (TECs). The TEC for individual PCDD/PCDF congeners were calculated by using the toxic equivalent factor (TEF) method established by EPA. The various individual PCDD/PCDF congeners are assigned a TEF value relative to the 2,3,7,8-TCDD congener, which has a TEF of 1. All other PCDD/PCDF congeners have a TEF less than 1. Soil quality data for all PCDDs/PCDFs are reported in toxic equivalent concentration (TEC). The results of PCDD/PCDF analysis as well as pentachlorophenol for borings in the former lagoon and process area are shown on Table 4-3. Fonner Lagoon Area Figure 4-1 presents soil quality data for pentachlorophenol and PCDDs/PCDFs in the former lagoon area, as the lagoon area was delineated during the RI. Soil quality was characterized by the analytical results from borings X-15 through X-27, X-50, X-54, and X-56 through X-61. Although detectable levels of pentachlorophenol were measured in eleven of twelve surface soil samples (0 to 2 feet interval) collected in the former lagoon area, pentachlorophenol was measured at concentrations above the site-specific goal of 95 mg/Kg in only three surface soil samples. Pentachlorophenol concentrations of Raleigh RD Work Plan -Revised 179285--01 CB/DCC#R049! 8/93 4-3 CHESTER ENVIAONMENTAL • • • 3,220 mg/Kg, 1,850 mg/Kg, and 438 mg/Kg were measured in surface samples collected from X-25, X-26 and X-50, respectively. Boring X-25 was located in the vicinity of the former sand filter and boring X-50 was located in the immediate area of former southern lagoon. Boring X-26 was located along the overflow drainage path to the Fire Pond. Pentachlorophenol concentrations were below the 95 mg/Kg cleanup level in the remaining surface soil samples collected from the former lagoon area. Of twenty-eight (28) upper subsurface soil samples collected from the former lagoon area, pentachlorophenol was measured in concentrations above cleanup level in only one sample. Pentachlorophenol was reported at a concentration of 560 mg/Kg in the upper subsurface sample collected from boring X-50, which was drilled immediately adjacent to one of the former lagoons. With the exception of the samples collected from borings X-50 and X-57, detected pentachlorophenol concentrations in 12 subsurface samples ranged from the minimum detected concentration of 0.050 mg/Kg at location X-58 to 7.43 mg/Kg at location X-21. The upper subsurface sample at X-57 had a concentration of 46.4 mg/Kg, which is below the 95 mg/Kg cleanup standard . Cellon Process Area The locations of soil samples collected within the Cellon process area are shown in Figure 4-2. Cellon process related structures that have been located in reference to remaining structures from aerial photographs include the former pentachlorophenol wood treating cylinder and the sand filter. Soil quality is characterized by the analytical results from borings X-28 though X-37, X-48, X-49, X-51, X-52, X-53, and X-55. Three surface soil samples were collected for analysis from within the Cellon process area. The surface sample from boring X-48 (0 to 2 feet) collected at the former location of the door of the wood treating cylinder was the only sample to have a pentachlorophenol concentration (1,680 mg/Kg) exceeding the 95 mg/Kg pentachlorophenol cleanup standard. Detectable pentachlorophenol concentrations at other surface soil sampling locations in the former Cellon process area were well Raleigh RD Work Plan -Revised 179285--01 CB/DCC#R0491 8/93 4-4 CHESTER ENVIAONMENTAL • • • below the 95 mg/Kg cleanup level. The upper subsurface soil sample collected at location X-48 (2 to 4 feet) had a reported pentachlorophenol concentration of 191 mg/Kg, which is also above the cleanup standard. In the Cellon process area, only the X-48 samples exceeded the cleanup standard in the surface and upper subsurface samples. Two boring locations to the east and topographically downgradient of the X-48 boring had nondetectable to relatively low levels of pentachlorophenol, indicating that soil quality in the area between the cylinder and drip track to the Fire Pond did not receive overland flow. The pentachlorophenol concentrations in the remaining samples collected to the south and west of the brick building in this area were below the soil cleanup level. Select soil samples from the areas of the site where pentachlorophenol was reported in the soil and one background location were also analyzed for PCDDs/PCDFs. In addition to one background sample, seven surface soil samples were also analyzed for PCDDs/PCDFs. The higher calculated TEC values were reported for the samples collected from the former location of the wood treating cylinder. Total TEC of 270,000 ng/kg (270 ug/kg) reported for the samples collected from X-48 (0 to 2 feet) was the only sample to exceed the PCDD/PCDF TEC cleanup standard. The sample from X-49 (0 to 4 feet) contained a 4,000 ng/kg PCDD/PCDF TEC, which is less than the 7 ug/kg (7,000 ng/kg) cleanup standard. For five subsurface soil samples within the Cellon process area, TECs ranged from 11 ng/kg to 3,600 ng/kg at X-48. Total TECs calculated for surface soil samples collected from locations in the former lagoon area, X-23, X-50 and X-57, were reported as 2,200 ng/kg, 2,700 ng/kg and 630 ng/kg, respectively. The six subsurface soil samples collected within the former lagoon area ranged from 2 ng/kg to 730 ng/kg at X-57. A statistical evaluation of RI soil data having both pentachlorophenol and PCDD/PCDF detections was conducted using the Geo-EAS (Geostatistical Environmental Assessment Software, U.S. EPA, 1991) software package. The purpose of the evaluation was to determine the correlation between pentachlorophenol and PCDD/PCDF results. The correlation may be useful for screening or supporting determinations that PCDD/PCDF remediation goals have been met based on pentachlorophenol data . Raleigh RD Work Plan -Revised . 179285--01 CB/DCC# Rll491 8/93 4-5 CHESTER ENVIRONMENTAL • Geo-EAS employs a bi-variate statistical comparison of variable pairs of concentrations using regression analysis. Figure 4-3 is a graphical presentation of the comparison of pentachlorophenol concentrations versus the PCDD/PCDF TECs. The regression analysis determined a correlation coefficient of 0. 79 for these data. This correlation of pentachlorophenol and PCDD/PCDF TECs will be further evaluated during RD preliminary data evaluation to determine its usefulness as a predictive tool during the RA • • Geotechnical Data During the RI, soil samples from various locations and depths were tested to determine geotechnical properties. The geologic profile for the site consists of approximately 12 feet of fine-grained clay and silt with isolated lenses of sand underlain by weathered bedrock. The samples were obtained from depths of O to 12 feet. Table 4-4 summarizes the laboratory results presented in the RI Report. The tests performed on these samples consisted of grain size analysis with hydrometer testing for fines (7 tests), Atterberg Limits (7 tests) moisture content (12 tests), unit weights (12 tests), and permeability (9 tests). The laboratory testing indicates that the site soils are fine grained. Each of the samples had greater than 97 percent of the sampled material passing a #200 sieve. There was very little to no gravel or sand sized particles observed in the site soils. The soils tested were classified as CL-ML, ML, CL, or CH using the Unified Soil Classification System (USCS). The Atterberg Limits testing is a measure of the degree of plasticity of the material. Due to the high content of clay, the soils are expected to be cohesive. Based on existing data, the soils should provide adequate cohesive strength to allow shallow excavation without extensive support. When dried, soils tend to break into clods due to the soils shrink-swell tendency, and form hard lumps. Standard penetration tests (STP) values attained from the borings and monitoring wells determined that Raleigh RD Work Plan -Revised 179285--01 CB/DCC#R0491 8/93 4-6 CHESTER ENVIRONMENTAL • • • these soils are stiff to very stiff suggesting that a stability problem is not likely for shallow excavations. The natural moisture content of the tested materials varied from 10.1 to 36.0 percent for depths of O to 12 feet. The average wet unit weight of the samples tested was approximately 125 pounds per cubic foot. From this number the bulk unit weight of material is estimated to be about 1.7 tons per cubic yard. Since soils increase in volume during excavation ( due to an increase in void space) an estimated swell factor for the clay content of 40 percent would result in a load factor of about 0. 72. Therefore, a loaded density of about 1.2 tons per cubic yard is expected. The results of permeability testing of the soils ranged from 3.01 x 10·6 to 1.80 x 10·8 cm/sec. The average permeability of soils is 1.1 x 10·6 cm/sec. The existing geotechnical data indicates that the variability of the soils is quite small at depths from zero to twelve feet, however, some boring logs show other soil types such as sand in the shallower zones and weathered bedrock in the deeper borings. Although sand and weathered bedrock were observed in the field, these samples were not tested during the RI to determine geotechnical properties . 4.1.2 Additional Data Needs Analytical Data The SOW for the RD requires that additional soil sampling be conducted during the RD in the former lagoon area and Cellon process area to identify soil areas and volumes requiring excavation for remediation purposes. An appropriate statistical evaluation method is to be used to evaluate the soil sampling data collected in the RD delineation. Details regarding the statistical approach to sampling and data evaluation are presented in Sections 4.1.3 and 4.1.4. Three potential areas exist where pentachlorophenol concentrations are above the soil cleanup threshold. These plant features and area boundaries, as shown in Figure 4-4, include the former Cellon process area, the former lagoon area, and an area between that includes the sand filter area and the drainage area from the southwestern lagoon to the Fire Pond. To collect additional samples during the RD, Raleigh RD Work Plan -Revised 179285--01 CB/DCC#R049! 8/93 4-7 CHESTER ENVIRONMENTAL • • • each area are being allocated as sample locations where multiple depth intervals will be sampled and analyzed. Identification of Sample Depth Intervals Based on the previous data generated from the RI, the vertical extent of affected soil within each sample area is well defined. No soils in exceedance of the 95 mg/Kg cleanup level were observed below eight feet and four feet in Sample Areas 1 and 2, respectively. Depth intervals to be sampled during the implementation of this sample design reflect this previous data. Soil samples collected from each depth interval for each soil sample location will be discrete (grab) samples. No compositing of samples will be performed. Within Sample Area 1, discrete soil samples will be collected for analysis from the pre- determined depth intervals of O to 2 feet, 2 to 4 feet, 4 to 6 feet, and 6 to 8 feet at each of the 12 sample locations. Within Sample Area 2, discrete soil samples will be collected for analysis from the pre-determined depth intervals of O to 2 feet, and 2 to 4 feet at each of the 25 sample locations . As specified in a subsequent section discussing implementation of the sampling design, PENTA Rise™ test kits developed by EnSys, Inc. will be used to screen for evidence of pentachlorophenol above the 95 mg/Kg cleanup level in terminal depth soil samples" The PENTA Rise™ soil test method is a field-based immunoassay test for pentachlorophenol in soil. The test is designed to provide an accurate semi- quantitative result indicating the absence or presence of pentachlorophenol at various concentration levels. The PENTA Rise™ test is specific to pentachlorophenol with little sensitivity to other acid extractable compounds or interferences caused by petroleum hydrocarbons. The test method has been rigorously tested against the standard laboratory method, GC/MS methods, and has been shown to correlate extremely Raleigh RD Work Plan -Revised 179285--01 CB/DCC# R049! 8/93 4 -13 CHESTER ENVIRONMENTAL • well to the lab-based testing. The method has a very low occurrence rate ( < 1 % ) of false negatives. The method may be implemented to achieve a Level I or Level II data quality objective level. If field testing of the terminal split-spoon sample indicates pentachlorophenol soil concentrations above the cleanup level, an additional split-spoon sample at the next two-foot depth interval will be collected for field testing. If the sample is below the cleanup level, then the sampling will cease. During the field implementation of this sample design, depth to bedrock may preclude collection of some of the deeper interval samples, particularly in Sample Area 1. Prior experience at the site reveals that bedrock depth varies from approximately 6 feet to 12 feet within the former Cellon process and lagoon areas of the site. Therefore, no sample will be collected at a pre-specified depth where bedrock is encountered first. Systematic Grid Spacing and Sample Point Designation • A square sampling grid has been selected for implementation of the sample design. • To determine the proper spacing of the sample grid for each sample area, estimates of the square foot area of each sample area were determined via CADD. The surface area of Sample Area 1 was estimated to be 15,091 square feet. The surface area of Sample Area 2 was estimated to be 17,333 square feet. Equation 5.3 within EPA document, "Methods for Evaluating the Attainment of Cleanup Standards, Volume 1: Soils and Solid Media", was used to calculate the spacing between adjacent sampling locations. The equation determines "L", the distance between samples, as the square root of the quantity area "A" divided by the number of samples "n"f (L = (A/nf)°-5). The grid spacing for Sample Area 1 was thus calculated to be 35 feet. The grid spacing for Sample Area 2 was calculated to be 26 feet. The orientation of the sample grid coordinates has arbitrarily been chosen to be north-south (y axis) and east-west (x axis) . Raleigh RD Work Plan -Revised 179285--01 CB/DCC#R0491 8/93 4 -14 CHESTER ENVIRONMENTAL • • • preservation and shipment to the analytical laboratory will be conducted in accordance with the FSP and QAPP for the site (Appendix A). Decontamination procedures and QA/QC samples will also be executed in accordance with the FSP andQAPP. Grab samples are to be collected from depth intervals of O to 2 feet, 2 to 4 feet, 4 to 6 feet and 6 to 8 feet at the 12 sample locations in Sample Area 1. Grab samples are to be collected from depth intervals of O to 2 feet and 2 to 4 feet at the 25 sample locations in Sample Area 2. Following sample collection, each grab sample will be homogenized and split. One split sample will be used for field analysis, and the other split sample will be containerized for potential laboratory analysis. EnSys PENT A Rise™ test kits will be used for field analysis of pentachlorophenol. The test kits provide a rapid method by which to obtain semi-quantitative pentachlorophenol results. The results of the EnSys field testing will be used to identify locations that exceed the 95 mg/Kg cleanup goal, and to select samples for laboratory analysis for pentachlorophenol analysis by EPA Method 8270 . The EnSys test kits employed during field testing will be used at two detection levels. An upper detection level of 95 mg/Kg has been chosen to coincide with the site cleanup goal. Subsequent dilution by a factor of 4 results in a lower detection level of 24 mg/Kg. Each grab sample will be analyzed for both detection levels simultaneously. For those sample intervals that exceed the EnSys 24 mg/Kg detection level, the samples containerized for laboratory analysis will be shipped to the laboratory for pentachlorophenol analyses. The purpose is to generate quantitative data for subsequent geostatistical evaluation. Ten percent of the samples (a minimum of five samples) with EnSys results below 24 mg/Kg will also be sent to the laboratory for confirmational analyses for pentachlorophenol by EPA Method 8270. The field testing will also serve to guide additional vertical or horizontal soil sampling during the same mobilization. If terminal interval results (8 feet in Sample Area 1, 4 feet in Sample Area 2) exceed the 95 mg/Kg field detection level, an additional 2-foot sample interval will be collected at that boring location. Vertical Raleigh RD Work Plan -Revised 179285--01 CB/DCC#R0491 8/93 4 -17 CHESTER ENVIRONMENTAL • • sampling will cease when EnSys results are below the 95 mg/Kg cleanup goal. Should peripheral sample grid locations demonstrate EnSys results above the 95 mg/Kg level at any depth interval, additional horizontal boring location(s) will be established in a manner consistent with the systematic grid for that sample area. If this occurs in an interval at a peripheral grid location, one additional sampling location will be established at one grid spacing distance outside the existing grid. If field testing indicates exceedance of the 95 mg/Kg cleanµp goal at a corner peripheral grid location, two additional sampling locatiollS \viii be established at right angles one grid spacing distance outside the existing 1Md .. . .-.:::-:· :::•::,~:::,"' to kaow ,h, meag<h ;;,:g' si<e soils. Thecefoce, wo undisturbed (Shelby tube) samples will beiobtaif!t:!d ih areas where excavation is going to be deeper than 5 feet. Strength testihg\~~h as unconfined compressive strengths and direct shear tests will be perf6rflii:d on the samples to determine the cohesive strength and/or friction arigl~\:ifsoil{at depth. During the installation of borings that are to be underta~eh for iiri~iyti~al sampling, accurate records of the blow counts will be kept. TheJt!da,t& ~long with the recorded soil observations will be used to assess the stabilit{ofth~ i:xcavations. Bulk samples of any si~:; soils ~liountered will be collected to evaluate grain size and moisture content. :\Tliese samples will be taken in the general areas where excavation of soils is expe~tbd to be completed. Samples will be collected when a change in size and/ or texture is perceived. Raleigh RD Work Plan 179285--01 BB(DCC#RD49! 6/93 4 -18 CHESTER ENVIRONMENTAL • • • 4.1.4 Data Analysis and Evaluation Analytical Data The soil samples designated for laboratory analysis will be analyzed for pentachlorophenol by EPA Method 8270. The field and laboratory pentachlorophenol results will be evaluated using geostatistical analysis to estimate the horizontal extent of affected soil at each depth interval. In accordance with "Methods for Evaluating the Attainment of Cleanup Standards, Volume 1: Soils and Solid Media" (EPA 1989), geostatistical analysis is particularly useful for characterization and delineation of the extent of affected soil prior to remediation. The systematic sample design employed during the RD is appropriate for such analysis. Laboratory generated pentachlorophenol data for those samples that exceeded the 24 mg/Kg field detection level will provide quantitative results for geostatistical analyses. Field test data will be semi-quantitative, and will be expressed as less than 24 mg/Kg. For the purposes of geostatistical analyses, the corresponding field detection level will be used to represent that sample location. Geostatistics is a methodology for evaluating spatially correlated data (EPA 1989). Typically, two steps are involved in geostatistical analysis. A variograrn model involves the construction of a function that describes how influential nearby existing data will be in estimating values for non-sampled locations. Those data points closer to the estimated location are assumed to be more influential than those further away. Kriging is then used to provide concentration estimates for all possible points or blocks across the sample area. This is accomplished through interpolation between data points based on a weighted moving average. The weights, based on the variogram model, are assigned in a manner that minimizes the variance of the interpolated estimates. The final product is a map of concentration isopleths particularly useful in delineating areas for cleanup. Soil quality data collected during the RI and predesign phase of the RD will be evaluated to determine the extent of surface and subsurface soil excavation . Raleigh RD Work Plan -Revised 179285--01 CB/DCC#R0491 8/93 4 -19 CHESTER ENVIRONMENTAL 4.5.2 Final Construction Cost Estimate The final construction cost estimate will be similar to that prepared as part of the Pre-Final Design, however, any modifications that were made between Pre-Final and Final Design will be reflected in the final construction cost estimate. This will include changes in volumes, materials, quantities or other matters affected by any change in design parameters. 4.5.3 Final Construction Schedule The draft construction schedule prepared for the Intermediate Design will be finalized for this submittal. The master schedule will also be finalized and will incorporate any modifications made to the intermediate schedule. All remediation will be carefully synchronized to afford a well organized approach to completing all of the proposed construction work at the site. 4.5.4 Final Construction Quality Assurance Plan • The final Construction Quality Assurance Plan (CQAP) will be an updated version of the draft CQAP. Modifications made between Pre-Final and Final design will be included . • Raleigh RD Work Plan -Revised !79285.{)! CB/DCC#R049! 8/93 4-29 CHESTER ENVIAONMENTAL • • • TABLE 5-4 REMEDIAL DESIGN GROUNDWATER DELINEATION SAMPLING PROGRAM FORMER KOPPERS COMPANY, INC. BEAZER EAST, INC. MORRISVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA ON-SITE WELLS Former Lagoon and Cellon Process Areas -IO wells Eastern Area -8 wells Western Area - 8 wells C-13A C-27A C-138 C-278 C-14A C-28A C-148 OFF-SITE WELLS North of Site -15 wells C-lA C-98 C-18 C-9C C-2A C-18C C-28 C-19C C-9A C-21C 7-K OS-8 OS-9 OS-25 5-H West of Site - 3 wells C-3A C-38 C-20C C-288 C-298 PW-1 C-4A C-12A C-7A C-128 C-l0A C-12C C-108 C-30A East of Site -12 wells C-llA C-118 C-338• C-33C• C-348• C-34C• C-16C C-23C C-24C 14-K OS-6 OS-4 South of Site - 4 wells C-15A C-158 C-22C C-32C C-SA C-258 C-6A C-26A C-8A C-268 C-25A C-31A • Proposed new monitoring well locations on the property of Crowder Construction Co. or adjacent property . CHESTER ENVIRONMENTAL CB/DCCR049 l 8/93 • • • At each location samples will be collected at two depths; one at or near the surface and the other at a depth approximately two-thirds of the distance between the surface and the bottom of the pond. All surface water samples will be collected before collection of sediment samples. Surface water sampling analyses is presented in Table 6-6. Laboratory and test methods will be in accordance with the RD QAPP. Surface water sampling will be conducted in accordance with the RD FSP. 6.1.5 Data Analysis and Evaluation Once the additional data is gathered, it will be compiled and evaluated. This information, along with the RI/FS data, will form the basis of preparing the Preliminary Design submittal. The Preliminary Design submittal will present the results of the additional data gathered as described above. 6.1.6 Fencing and Maintenance In accordance with the ROD, the areas requiring remediation including the Fire Pond, Medlin Pond, former Cellon process area and former lagoon area shall be enclosed with fencing and security measures until remediation is complete. Additionally, grounds maintenance shall be performed periodically to prevent snake infestation and neglect of the premises. As previously noted, fencing was installed around the Medlin Pond and is currently planned for the Fire Pond, former Cellon area, and former lagoon area. The remediation areas north of Koppers Road will not be fully enclosed by fencing since the north and west sides of this area abut Unit Structures property. Unit Structures' security force will prevent unauthorized ingress and egress to the remediation areas from their property. Once all fencing is installed, a maintenance program will be initiated to periodically cut any grass which may exist in the remediation areas. 6.2 Preliminary Design The Preliminary Design will be submitted upon the completion of approximately thirty (30) percent of the design effort. During this phase of the design, existing Raleigh RD Work Plan -Revised 179285.01 CB/DCC#R0491 8/93 6 -14 CHESTER ENVIAONMENTAL • • • conditions at the site will be field verified as presented in Section 6.1.2 . Additionally, technical requirements of the Remedial Action will be addressed and summarized to ascertain if the final design will provide an effective remedy. The Preliminary Design submittal will consist of a description of the proposed surface water remediation activities at the site and will contain the information as specified in the ROD or Unilateral Order. This section presents the key elements of the Preliminary Design submittal related to the surface water remediation and will include a summary of data acquisition, a design criteria report, thirty percent plans and specifications, and permits. 6.2.1 Summary of Data Acquisition Once the additional data, as specified in Section 6.1.2 is gathered, and compiled, it will be summarized for presentation in the Preliminary Design submittal. The impact of the additional data on the RD and RA will be presented. The additional topographic information will be used to develop detailed site drawings of the Raleigh RD Work Plan . Revised 179285--01 CB/DCC#R0491 8/93 6 -14a CHESTER ENVIRONMENTAL • • • 7.0 HABITAT MITIGATION PLAN In accordance with the ARARs identified in Table 7-1, a Wetland and Open Water Habitat Mitigation Plan will be prepared. Prior to the completion of the Habitat Mitigation Plan, the following steps will be taken to assure that the plan has sufficient detail to allow for the restoration of the values and functions of the impacted habitats. 7.1 Initial Evaluation Existing Data Evaluation In order to prepare the Habitat Mitigation Plan, an evaluation of existing conditions will be conducted. This evaluation will include an analysis of the values and functions of any habitats that will be impacted as a result of the remediation activities on the site. The Habitat Mitigation Plan will be prepared to consider those values and functions identified, and will contain sufficient detail to assure their replacement with a constructed system . The basis for the design of the mitigation habitat(s) will include the use of methods and guidance as provided in the following document: ■ Hammer, Donald A., 1992. "Creating Freshwater Wetlands". Lewis Publishers, Chelsea, MI. In addition other information will also be evaluated to determine the requirements for the design. This information is included in the following document: ■ ENSR. 1991. PHEA, Section 6.0, "Ecological Risk Assessment", Koppers Company, Inc. Morrisville, NC. Finally, the design will also be based on the experience that Chester Environmental has obtained in implementing similar projects . Raleigh RD Work Plan -Revised lW..85-01 CB/DCC#R0491 8/93 7 - 1 CHESTER ENVIRONMENTAL • • • Additional Data Needs The following information will be obtained to prepare the Habitat Mitigation Plan: ■ The species of dominant vegetation living in the wetland to be impacted will be identified for replacement. For example, if a wetland consisting of emergent hydrophytes will be impacted along with a wetland dominated by scrub/shrub species, then consideration will be given in designing the replacement wetland to contain similar portions of these two distinct types of wetlands. The percentage of each vegetative wetland type to be impacted in relation to the total acreage of impacted wetlands will be calculated as this will be needed in the design phase. ■ The soils and underlying geological features currently located within existing habitat units will be evaluated to the extent practical. Features such as textures, organic layering, permeability, depth of clay layers and depth to underlying rock layers will be considered when selecting the exact area for the wetland mitigation. Suitability of the available soils to support the wetland vegetation may include USDA lime and fertilizer testing or clay compaction testing. A mitigation area with similar physical characteristics will most likely require less construction effort (i.e., compaction of clay, placement of topsoil). ■ Hydrology is the single most important factor in the design and implementation of a wetland and open water mitigation project. Therefore, hydrologic factors influencing the existing wetlands and open water will be identified so that these conditions can be duplicated, as-near-as possible, in the replacement habitat. A simplified hydrological model will be developed to determine the watershed dynamics which affect the existing wetland and open water systems that will be impacted. The hydrological model will include the effects from both surface and groundwater that influence the hydrology of the existing habitats. The feasibility of duplicating these Raleigh RD Work Plan -Revised 179285--01 CB/DCC#R0491 8/93 7-2 CHESTER ENVIRONMENTAL • • • • • factors in the replacement wetland will be studied (i.e., is the water source significant enough to sustain the constructed wetland and open water habitats?). In-kind mitigation is preferred to out-of-kind, i.e., impacted habitat should be replaced with habitat that performs the same functions and has the same value to the environment. For wetland habitats, the type of vegetative cover ( which, in turn, correlates to the types of soil and hydrology) that is available as commercially grown plant stock of the same or similar species as those found in the existing wetlands will be evaluated. Lists of suppliers and prices will be obtained. References for each supplier will be obtained. After reviewing the suppliers information, the project wetland ecologist will visit the supplier(s) facility(s) to inspect the quality of the vegetation prior to selecting the stock to be planted in the replacement wetland. Topographical data from aerial photographs, surveys and/ or existing maps will be compiled . ■ Photodocumentation of potential mitigation areas will be provided. ■ On-site mitigation within the same watershed will be undertaken if at all possible. Site Selection and Evaluation Site selection and evaluation is a systematic, reiterative process. The process entails collecting and analyzing information; modifying plans, identifying, collecting and analyzing more data; modifying plans; and repeating the cycle until the initial concept is polished into a preliminary plan that becomes the basis for design. Initially, if a suitable area can be found for the mitigation, then this process will be abbreviated. However, if siting several areas is necessary, then each will be assessed for its suitability in reestablishing the values and functions impacted . Raleigh RD Work Plan -Revised 179285~1 CB/DCC#R0491 8/93 7-3 CHESTER ENVIRONMENTAL • • • During site selection, care will be taken not to choose any habitat for the mitigation area that may already be important to the environment. Therefore, the site for the mitigation will most likely include an already disturbed area. The site with the most suitable characteristics for a successful mitigation will be selected for final design and construction of the replacement habitat. Factors to be evaluated in the selection of a suitable area for the replacement habitat will include, but are not limited to the following: 1) A characterization of the habitat value of the proposed mitigation site will be conducted based on the dominant vegetative species present and current wildlife usage, based on qualitative observances during a site visit by the project ecologist. 2) A hydrologic evaluation will be performed to assure that the proposed area for the wetland and open water habitat mitigation will have proper hydrologic characteristics. The suitability of the hydrology to support the required habitats will be studied to the extent practical. The hydrologic evaluation may include a calculation of proposed run- off from adjacent lands, a watershed analysis, precipitation analysis, storm-surge analysis or other standard surface water engineering calculations, as required ( depends on the topographical features of the chosen site). The hydrologic information to be collected and evaluated by an engineer with appropriate knowledge of the subject will be discussed with the project ecologist to assure that the habitat's water requirements can be met from an ecological perspective. 3) The soil characteristics within the proposed area for the mitigation will be evaluated. Their suitability to support aquatic and wetland habitats may require analyses of such factors as permeability, organic content, clay types, and compaction needed to sustain required hydrology . Raleigh RD Work Plan . Revised 179285-01 CB/DCC#R0491 8/93 7-4 CHESTER ENVIAONMENTAL • • • 4) 5) Land ownership and availability will be evaluated. Public acceptance/unacceptance to the area selected for the mitigation will be evaluated by talking with the adjacent land owners. Land use is also an issue of importance that will be evaluated. For instance, if adjacent land is used for farming, modification to the surface hydrology of a given area may have an impact on the water use by the farmer because ponding the water of a small stream could reduce the amount of water that is available for use as water supply for crops. On the other hand, intensive agriculture with run-off containing agricultural chemicals could impair the constructed habitat's functions and must also be considered. Title searches may also be conducted on the proposed site, if necessary, to identify ownership, easements, right-of-ways, covenants, water rights, liens, mineral rights and other encumbrances. Site topography and geology of the proposed mitigation site will be evaluated to the extent practical. Elevation differences and spatial relationships could influence construction costs, erosion potential, drainage patterns, access and overall feasibility. Nature and depth of bedrock, potential materials useful in construction and available on- site, and other subsurface characteristics may be evaluated. 7.2 Preliminary Design Summar:y of Data Acquisition Data collected as part of the evaluation of existing conditions identified in Section 7.1 of this work plan will be summarized in tables. These data will be needed so that the replacement habitat can be designed. Tables will include, but are not limited to the following: Raleigh RD Work Plan . Revised 179285.01 CB/DCC#RM91 8/93 7-5 CHESTER ENVIRONMENTAL • • • ■ Vegetative species found in existing wetlands (see Table 7-2 and Figure 7-1) versus those available commercially; ■ Lists of values and functions in the existing wetland (see Table 7-3) and open water habitats versus those expected to be replaced after construction of the mitigated habitats; ■ Soil types present in the existing wetland (see Table 7-3) area versus those in the replacement wetland area; ■ Underlying geological factors of importance in the existing habitats (see Table 7-3) versus those in the replacement habitats; ■ Hydrological factors in the existing habitats (such as flow rates, expected flooding data, rates of inundation, etc.) (see Table 7-3) versus those expected in the replacement habitats; and ■ Lists of pros and cons in using each potential area chosen for the mitigation site. Design Criteria Report A Design Criteria Report will be prepared to contain narratives supporting the conceptual technical aspects of the habitat mitigation. This report will include a description of the area selected for the mitigation and the supporting data to justify why this area will be appropriate. Data sufficient to describe the expected success of the mitigation project will be presented in this report. Conceptual Plans and Specifications The preliminary design will contain conceptual plans and specifications to indicate the general layout of the mitigated habitats. The required area of the mitigated habitats will be sufficient to assure, at a minimum, a one-to-one functional Raleigh RD Work Plan ~ Revised 179285.01 CB/DCC#R0491 8/93 7-6 CHESTER ENVIRONMENTAL • • • replacement with an adequate margin of safety to reflect the expected degree of success associated with the overall mitigation. The preliminary design specifications will include the following information: ■ Cross sections of the mitigation area showing existing conditions; ■ Cross sections of the mitigation area showing conceptual proposed conditions; ■ Photodocumentation of existing habitats and mitigation area; ■ A preliminary topographic base map showing the mitigation area in relation to the existing habitat area. The map will also show potential staging areas for clays, topsoils, and other materials to be used in the construction; ■ A draft erosion and sedimentation control plan specific to the habitat mitigation area; ■ Sources of materials (i.e., clay, topsoils, vegetation); and, ■ A conceptual planting scheme. The scheme will be shown on an enlarged base drawing. This will show general characteristics of the proposed wetland relating to the saturation zones (i.e., deeper water vs. shallow water vs. saturated soils with no standing water). Plan for Satis{yin2 Permit Requirements All habitat mitigation activities will be performed in accordance with all applicable federal and state ARARs that relate to the destruction and subsequent mitigation of habitats for the purposes of remediation. These ARARs are summarized in Table 7-1. There are no state ARARs that address wetland mitigation . Raleigh RD Work Plan -Revised 179285--01 CB/DCC,I\Rll491 8/93 7.7 CHESTER ENVIRONMENTAL • 7.J Final Design Plans and Specifications The final design will include an elaboration of all conceptual ideas and sketches presented as part of the preliminary design. The plans and specifications for the habitat mitigation will contain details to clearly indicate the design approach in relation to the reestablishment of values and functions of the impacted habitats. Construction drawings will be completed as part of the design. In addition, all design specification components of the replacement habitats will be included, as well as all calculations made in determining the design specifications. The wetlands delineation report for the existing wetland will also be included with this submittal. Detailed cross-sections of the mitigation area will be provided to clarify all typical and atypical proposed conditions. Elevations of all standing water islands and/or other features will be shown on the base map. Also, the elevations and elevation ranges for the proposed planting and/or seeding of all species will be given. Plant • spacing and/or seeding rates will be provided. • A summary of the volume of earthwork and total tonnage of stone work (if required) will be provided. In addition, the proposed disposition of any excavated materials will be given. Landscape lists, notes, and specifications that may be provided in this phase include the following: ■ Wetland plant lists for seeding and planting that provides total quantities, plant sizes, and plant conditions ( e.g., bare root, can, peat pot, etc.). Acceptable substitutes will be indicated in the event of the limited availability of some species in a given season. ■ Because of the variable quality of nursery-produced wetland plant materials, acceptable plant conditions will be clearly specified. Some examples follow: container grown nursery stock shall have been Raleigh RD Work Plan -Revised 179285-01 CB/DCC#R0491 8/93 7-8 CHESTER ENVIRONMENTAL • • • grown in a container long enough for the root system to have developed sufficiently to hold its soil together. Peat-potted nursery stock shall be grown in 1.5 inch to 1. 75 inch square peat pots long enough, under proper conditions, for the root systems to be sufficiently well-developed through the sides and bottoms of the pots to prevent easy removal of the plants from the pots. Each pot shall have a specified minimum number of stems. ■ Fertilization requirements that include rates and fertilizer formulations will be provided. Only capsulated, time-released type fertilizers will be acceptable.· ■ Special conditioning ( e.g., mulch) for certain plant species will be noted. ■ Plant material, if any, that may be field collected from the wetland to be impacted ( e.g., cattail seed tops) will be specified . The design plans shall be certified by a Professional Engineer in the State of North Carolina. Construction Schedule A construction schedule will be coordinated with all other site activities which must be completed prior to implementation of the habitat mitigation. The construction schedule will be provided with notations of any elements whose timing may be critical to biological success; e.g., coordination of completion of earthwork with the installation of certain species of plants per suppliers specifications, individual species requirements, timing of plant installation to minimize the impact of potential drought, and specification of time "windows" for seeding to ensure vegetation establishment. Raleigh RD Work Plan -Revised 179285-01 CB/DCC#R0491 8/93 7-9 CHESTER ENVIRONMENTAL • • • Construction Cost Estimate A construction cost estimate will be prepared to include estimated quantities and unit prices for all materials and manpower required for the implementation of the Habitat Mitigation Plan. The cost estimate will be within + 15 percent to -10 percent of the actual total cost for the project. Construction Quality Assurance Plan For the Construction Quality Assurance Plan (CQAP), any critical elements and possible problems (with potential solutions) that may influence the success of the project will be described. Periodic, brief, quality reports will be prepared during construction. These reports should contain, for example, whether the construction is on schedule and, if not, why and what is being done to get it back on schedule. In addition, the report should analyze whether the criteria for success is being realized (e.g., has the project been constructed according to the plans and specifications) and if not, what corrective action is being taken. During the entire construction of the replacement habitat a logbook will be kept with daily notes on progress and problems. 7.4 Operation, Maintenance and Monitoring Monitorin~ Plan A two-year monitoring plan will be prepared to evaluate the success of the constructed habitats in reestablishing the values and functions lost from the impacted wetlands. Site investigations will be conducted every six months for the two years. In the event that complete success is not attained after two years, then another year of biannual monitoring will be conducted. In the event that after any given site monitoring investigation, problems are noticed that may require immediate attention, an Emergency Correction Plan will be prepared and promptly implemented following agency notification . Raleigh RD Work Plan -Revised 1=1 CB/DCC#R0491 8/93 7 -10 CHESTER ENVIRONMENTAL • • • Detailed reports will be prepared to document the information gathered in the field . The investigations will include a value and function assessment of the site, an inventory of surviving plant species and photographic documentation with a base map showing orientation of photographs. Written plans to correct any deficiencies in the mitigation project will be prepared as necessary. Success will be assumed if 85 percent of the wetland areas are covered with desirable species (similar to those impacted) after two years. Undesirable species, such as Phragmites will be removed. If the 85 percent goal is not reached after the two years, additional plants will be purchased from nursery stock and planted. The reason for failure at this time, however, must be evaluated prior to any planting (i.e., is the hydrology sufficient?). For the open water habitat, an analysis will be made as soon as sufficient water is present, as to the suitability of the habitat to support fish species (based on water quality, including pH, turbidity, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, etc.). Once the habitat is considered suitable, then fish species will be stocked in the pond(s). The only species that will be stocked will be those found in the Fire Pond and Medlin Pond . Between one and two years after stocking, a fish survey will be conducted using the electrofishing method to determine the relative sizes and health of the stocked fish. At this time, water quality parameters, such as those initially taken prior to stocking fish will be taken to determine the continued suitability of the pond(s) as fish habitat. If a thriving fish population containing both predator and prey fish (with at least a ratio of prey fish versus predator fish of approximately 10:1) is observed, then no additional stocking will be done. If very few fish are observed, then more stocking will be performed ( total numbers to be determined after reviewing data collected). It is assumed that once a suitable fish population is established, the pond community ecosystem will develop naturally. Comparison will be made of the photographs taken during each investigation to monitor vegetation cover and potential changes that are naturally occurring in the constructed habitats. A biota assessment will be part of the monitoring plan. An emphasis will be placed on vertebrate usage, because their presence represents an integration of the environmental features over relatively large areas and they relate Raleigh RD Work Plan -Revised 1"19285.{)J CB/DCC#R0491 8/93 7 -11 CHESTER ENVIAONMENTAL • • • well to the success of the habitat functions. Invertebrate usage will also be noted . Following the two-year monitoring period, a summary report will be prepared which will indicate the effectiveness of the wetlands and a determination of whether additional monitoring is necessary. A final inspection by the Agency(s) with written confirmation and acceptance is requested by Beazer following the monitoring and creation of a successful habitat replacement. After receipt of the written Agency(s) acceptance, Beazer's responsibility for the mitigation habitat will end. The habitat will be left to naturalize, and, in the event of successional changes (i.e., conversion of wetlands to uplands, natural sedimentation filling of the pond and conversion of aquatic habitat to other habitat type), natural disasters (i.e., hurricanes, tornadoes) or other natural occurrence, Beazer will not "replace" the habitat as these will be considered "natural" changes to the landscape of which Beazer has no control. Raleigh RD Work Plan . Revised 1=1 CB/DCC#R0491 8/93 7 -12 CHESTER ENVIRONMENTAL • • • Title SECTION 7.0 LIST OF TABLES Table 7-1 7-2 7-3 Potential Action-Specific ARARs, Wetland Construction List of Dominant Vegetation in Wetland Units Wetland Conditions Raleigh RD Work Plan -Revised 179285-01 BB/DCC#R0491 8/93 CHESTER ENVIRONMENTAL • ACTION STATUS DREDGING OR FILLING ARAR WETLANDS WETLAND MITIGATION ARAR EROSION AND ARAR SEDIMENTATION CONTROL CONSTRUCTION IN TBC WETLANDS Beazer-Raleigh 179285-01 LSW Wcttab 8/93 Revision • TABLE 7-1 POTENTIAL ACTION-SPECIFIC ARARs WETLANDS CONSTRUCTION FORMER KOPPERS COMPANY, INC. SITE BEAZER EAST, INC. MORRISVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA REOUIREMENT PREREQUISITE Action lo prohibil discharge of dredged Wetlands as defined in lhe U.S. or fill material inlo wetlands without a Army Corps of Engineers permil. regulations. Requires measures to mitigate, prevent Applicable when ponds are and compensate for losses of wildlife dewalered. resources resulting from any control or structural modification of streams or the ponds. Requires !he developmenl of erosion Applicable for regrading and and sediment control plans for land revegetaling excavaled areas. disturbinl! activities .. Action to avoid adverse effects, Action involves construction of minimize potential harm, and preserve facilities or management of and enhance wetlands, to the maximum property in wetlands. extent possible. • CITATION Clean Waler Act Section 404; 40 CFR Part 230; and 33 CFR Parts 320- 330. Fish and Wildlife Coordination Acls 16 U.S.C. Section 661 el. seq. NC Sedimentation Pollution Control acl G.S. 113A, Article 4 40 CFR Part 6, Appendix A Executive Orders 11988 (Floorplain Management) and 11990 (Proteclion of Wetlands) • • • TABLE 7-2 LIST OF DOMINANT VEGETATION IN WETLAND UNITS Indicator Found in the Scientific Name Common Name Strata Status Following Units Juncus effusus Soft Rush Herb FACW R-7, FP-3, FP-4, FP-5 Carex lurida Lurid Sedge Herb OBL R-7, FP-4, FP-5 E/eocliaris ovata Ovate Spike Rush Herb OBL R-7 Scirpus cypemius Woolgrass Herb OBL R-7 Sambucus canadensis Elderberry Shrub FACW R-7, R-8, R-9, FP-1 Lonicera japonica Japanese Honeysuckle Vine FAC R-8 Salix nigra Black Willow Sap/Tree OBL R-8, R-9, FP-1, FP-3 Myrica cerif era Southern Bayberry Shrub FAC R-8, FP-3 Fraxinus pennsylvanica Green Ash Sapling FACW R-8, FP-1, FP-6 Galium aparine Catchweed Bedstraw Herb FACU R-8, FP-6 Liquidambar styracifiua Sweetgum Sapling FAC R-8, R-9, FP-7 Acermbrnm Red Maple Sapling FAC R-9, FP-6, FP-7 Typha /atif o/ia Common Cattail Herb OBL R-9 Rosa multijlora Multiflora Rose Shrub UPL FP-1 $ Ulmus americana American Elm Sapling FACW FP-1 Baccliaris halimifo/ia Groundsel Tree Shrub FAC FP-3 ~n Ran11nc11/11s acris Tall Buttercup Herb FACW FP-4 ,; :c Elm Holocus /anatus Velvetgrass Herb FACU FP-4 z (/) l; -I 'Sm C/adiwn mariscoides Twig Rush Herb FACW FP-4 I'D Raleigh RD Work Plan -Revised 179285--01 CIJ/DCC#R0191 8/93 $ ~n :s :r Elm z 1/) ~~ 'am I'D • Scientific Name Ulmus alata Camus florida Nyssa sylvatica Agrimonia parviflora Vitis rotundifolia Toxicodendron radicans Quercus phel/os • TABLE 7-2 (Continued) LIST OF DOMINANT VEGETATION IN WETLAND UNITS Common Name Winged Elm Flowering Dogwood Black Gum Small-Flowered Agrimony Muscadine Grape Poison Ivy Willow Oak Strata Sapling Shrub Sap/Tree Herb Vine Vine Tree Indicator Status FACU FACU FAC FAC FAC FAC FACW Found in the Following Units FP-6 FP-6 FP-6, FP-7 FP-6 FP-6 FP-7 FP-7 Indicator Status (Based on Plant Species Frequency of Occurrence in Wetlands, Developed by Reed, 1988). UPL FACU FAC FACW OBL = = = = = Upland (Probability >99% Occurrence Upland). Facultative Upland (Probability 67-99% Occurrence in Nonwetlands, 1-33% in Wetlands). Facultative (Probability 34-66% Occurrence in Wetlands). Facultative Wetland (Probability 67-99% of Occurrence in Wetlands). Obligate ( > 99% Probability of Occurrence in Wetlands). Raleigh RD Work Plan -Revised 179285-01 CB/DCC#R0491 8/93 • • • • UNITR-7 Classification TABLE 7-3 WETLAND CONDITIONS System: Palustrine Subsystem: None Class: Emergent Subclass: Persistent Water Regime: Saturated Water Chemistry: Fresh Soil: White store sandy loam with hydric inclusions, gleying and mottling present Special Modifier: Excavated Potential Values and Functions: Water quality and flood water retention. Comments: This man-induced wetland unit is fed by runoff from the Unit Structures property. Storm water is channeled through a man-made drainage ditch then through a culvert onto Beazer property where the slope is less and the water tends to drain slower, thus allowing the establishment of wetland vegetation due to the prolonged saturation of the soils . Raleigh RD Work Plan -Revised 179285--01 CB/DCC#RD491 8/93 CHESTER ENVIAONMENTAL • • UNITR-8 Classification TABLE 7-3 (Continued) WETLAND CONDITIONS System: Palustrine Subsystem: None Class: Scrub-shrub Subclass: Broad-leaved deciduous Water Regime: Saturated Water Chemistry: Fresh Soil: Worsham sandy loam, hydric, gleyed, reducing conditions, high organics in surface layer Special Modifier: None Potential Values and Functions: Wildlife habitat, flood water retention, water quality Comments: This unit is a continuation of unit R-7, but contains a nearly entirely different vegetation structure and represents a higher stage of biological succession and diversity. This is probably due to the fact that unit R-7 has been regularly mowed and unit R-8 has been allowed to somewhat naturalize. Raleigh RD Work Plan • Revised 179285-01 CB/DCC#R0491 8/93 CHESTER ENVIRONMENTAL • • • UNITR-9 Classification TABLE 7-3 (Continued) WETLAND CONDITIONS System: Palustrine Subsystem: None Class: Scrub-shrub Subclass: Broad-leaved deciduous Water Regime: Semipermanently flooded Water Chemistry: Fresh Soil: Creedmoor sandy loam with hydric inclusions histic epipedon, sulfidic odor, reducing condition and gleying Special Modifier: Excavated Potential Values and Functions: Flood water retention, water quality Comments: This small wetland unit exists in a man-made ditch and is fed by surface runoff from the railroad tracks. Water is ponded periodically. This unit, during periods of heavy rain, floods into unit R-8 . Raleigh RD Work. Plan -Revised 179285.01 CB/DCC#R0491 8/93 CHESTER ENVIRONMENTAL • • UNITFP-1 Classification TABLE 7-3 (Continued) WETLAND CONDITIONS System: Palustrine Subsystem: None · Class: Scrub-shrub Subclass: Broad-leaved deciduous Water Regime: Temporarily flooded Water Chemistry: Fresh Soil: Mixed white store and Worsham sandy loams with hydric inclusions in the surface horizon. Histic epipedon, reducing conditions and gleying are present. Special Modifier: Excavated Potential Values and Functions: Flood water retention, water quality Comments: This unit lies along the railroad tracks in a man-made ditch. Water eventually flows under the tracks through a culvert. The source of the water is surface runoff from the Beazer and Unit Structures properties. Very little standing water is retained after rains, however soils remain saturated enough to support hydrophytic vegetation . Raleigh RD Work Plan -Revised 179285--01 CB/DCC#RD491 8/93 CHESTER ENVIRONMENTAL • • • UNITFP-3 Classification TABLE 7-3 (Continued) WETLAND CONDITIONS System: Palustrine Subsystem: None Class: Scrub-shrub Subclass: Broad-leaved deciduous Water Regime: Intermittently exposed Water Chemistry: Fresh Soil: Colfax and white store sandy loams with hydric inclusions, histic epipedon, reducing conditions and gleying. Special Modifier: Impounded Potential Values and Functions: Wildlife habitat, flood water retention, water quality Comments: Unit FP-3 is found along the fringe of the Fire Pond. The water source is relatively permanent, although the unit may be exposed during periods of drought. Due to the proximity of this unit to the pond, wildlife usage is greater than in other wetland units . Raleigh RD Work Plan -Revised 179285--01 CB/DCC# R0491 8/93 CHESTER ENVIRONMENTAL • • • UNIT FP-4 Classification System: Subsystem: Class: Subclass: Water Regime: TABLE 7-3 (Continued) WETLAND CONDITIONS Palustrine None Emergent Persistent Seasonally flooded Water Chemistry: . Fresh Soil: Special Modifier: Colfax sandy loam mixed with made land. Hydric inclusions are gleying and high organic content in surface layer. Excavated Potential Values and Functions: Flood water retention, water quality Comments: This man-induced wetland unit collects stormwater runoff from the Unit Structures plant site. Standing water is present briefly after rains due to the collapse of a drainage culvert. Soils remain saturated long enough to support hydrophytic vegetation . Raleigh RD Work Plan . Revised 179285.QJ CB/DCC#R049! 8/93 CHESTER ENVIRONMENTAL • • • UNITFP-5 Classification TABLE 7-3 (Continued) WETLAND CONDITIONS System: Palustrine Subsystem: None Class: Forested Subclass: Broad-leaved deciduous Water Regime: Temporarily flooded Water Chemistry: Fresh Soil: Creedmoor and Worsham sandy loam with high organics and gleying in surface layers. Special Modifier: None Potential Values and Functions: Flood water retention, minimal wildlife habitat, water quality Comments: This forested wetland receives surface runoff from the Unit Structures plant via a culvert located under Koppers Road. The unit becomes temporarily flooded during storm events, but remains dry on the surface for most of the year. Soils remain saturated long enough for the establishment of hydrophytic vegetation . Raleigh RD Work Plan -Revised 179285-01 CB/DCC#R0491 8/93 CHESTER ENVIRONMENTAL • • • TABLE 7-3 (Continued) WETLAND CONDITIONS UNITFP-7 Classification System: Palustrine Subsystem: None Class: Forested Subclass: Broad-leaved deciduous Water Regime: Seasonally flooded Water Chemistry: Fresh Soil: Colfax sandy loam with organic streaking, gleying, mottling and sulfidic odors. Special Modifier: None Potential Values and Functions: Flood water retention, wildlife habitat, water quality Comments: This unit receives overflow runoff from the Fire Pond. Water is found in the stream channel on an intermittent basis, but is sufficient enough to support hydrophytic vegetation. Water flows through this unit to Medlin Pond . Raleigh RD Work Plan -Revised 179~1 CB/DCC#R0491 8/93 CHESTER ENVIRONMENTAL • • • TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1.0 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................. 1-1 1.1 Site Background and Setting .................................................................... 1-1 1.1.1 Site Location .................................................................................. 1-1 1.1.2 Site Features .................................................................................. 1-1 1.1.3 Site History ..................................................................................... 1-4 1.2 Remedial Design Sampling Summary .................................................... 1-7 1.2.1 Sample Management .................................................................... 1-8 1.2.2 Sample Designation and Identification ..................................... 1-8 2.0 SOIL SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS .................................................................. 2-1 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Sampling Objectives .................................................................................. 2-1 Sample Locations and Frequency ........................................................... 2-1 Sample Designation and Identification .................................................. 2-6 Sampling Equipment and Procedures .................................................... 2-6 Sample Handling and Analysis ................................................................ 2-7 3.0 GROUNDWATER SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS ........................................... 3-1 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 Sampling Objectives .................................................................................. 3-1 Sample Locations and Frequency ........................................................... 3-1 Sample Designation and Identification .................................................. 3-2 Monitoring Well Installation ................................................................... 3-2 Sampling Equipment and Procedures .................................................... 3-7 3.5.1 Water Level Measurement .......................................................... 3-7 3.5.2 Monitoring Well Purging and Sampling Procedures ............... 3-8 3.5.3 Domestic Well Sampling Procedures ...................................... 3-19 3.6 Sample Handling and Analysis .............................................................. 3-20 4.0 SURF ACE WATER AND SEDIMENT SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS ....... .4-1 4.1 4.2 Sampling Obj~ctives .................................................................................. 4-1 Sample Locations and Frequency ........................................................... 4-1 4.2.2 Sediment Samples ......................................................................... 4-2 4.2.3 Surface Water Samples .................... , ........................................... 4-3 4.3 Sample Designation and Identification .................................................. 4-4 4.4 Survey .......................................................................................................... 4-4 4.5 Sampling Equipment and Procedures .................................................... 4-4 Raleigh/FSP 179285-0! CB/DCC#R0499 8/93 -II -CHESTER ENVIRONMENTAL • • • TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Page 4.5.1 Equipment and Material Required ............................................ 4-4 4.5.2 Sampling Procedures .................................................................... 4-5 4.6 Sample Handling and Analysis ................................................................ 4-8 4.7 Safety Precautions ...................................................................................... 4-8 5.0 FIELD QUALITY ASSURANCE PROGRAM .................................................. 5-1 5.1 Sampling Equipment and Procedures .................................................... 5-1 5.2 Documentation .......................................................................................... 5-5 5.3 5.4 Raleigh/FSP 5.2.1 Logbook .......................................................................................... 5-5 5.2.2 Analytical Request Form ............................................................. 5-6 5.2.3 Chain-of-Custody Form ................................................................ 5-6 5.2.4 Field Data Sheets .......................................................................... 5-7 5.2.5 Project Notes Sheet ....................................................................... 5-8 Post-Sampling Activities ........................................................................... 5-8 Sample Shipment ....................................................................................... 5-8 5.4.1 Completing the Field Notes ........................................................ 5-8 5.4.2 Completing the Trip Report ........................................................ 5-9 179285--01 CB/DCC#R0499 8/93 -lll -CHESTER ENVIAONMENTAL • • • Table 2-1 Table 2-2 Table 3-1 Table 3-2 Table 3-3 Table 3-4 Table 4-1 Table 4-2 Table 4-3 Table 4-4 Figure 1-1 Figure 1-2 Figure 2-1 Figure 2-2 Figure 3-1 Figure 3-2 Figure 3-3 Figure 3-4 Figure 3-5 Raleigh/FSP TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) LIST OF TABLES Sample Container Requirements and Holding Time Requirements for Soil Samples Soil Sample Analysis Summary -Sample Area I/Sample Area 2 Remedial Design Groundwater Sampling Program Groundwater Sample Analysis Summary On-Site Wells Groundwater Sample Analysis Summary Off-Site Wells Sample Container Requirements, Preservation and Holding Time Requirements for Groundwater Samples Sample Container Requirements, Preservation and Holding Time Requirements for Surface Water Samples Sample Container Requirements and Holding Time Requirements for Sediment Samples Sediment Sample Analysis Summary Surface Water Sample Analysis Summary LIST OF FIGURES Site Location Map General Site Map Sample Area Designations -Sample Areas 1 and 2 Soil Sampling Locations -Sample Areas 1 and 2 On-Site and Near Off-Site Monitoring Well Locations for Remedial Design Groundwater Monitoring Program Off-Site Monitoring Well and Domestic Well Locations Proposed Locations for New Off-Site Monitoring Wells Intermediate B-Series Monitoring Well Construction Diagram Deep C-Series Monitoring Well Construction Diagram 179285--01 BB/DCC# R0499 6/93 ·IV· CHESTER ENVIRONMENTAL LIST OF FIGURES (Continued) Figure 4-1 Fire Pond Overflow Ditch Sediment Sampling Locations Figure 4-2 Western Ditch Sediment Sampling Locations Figure 4-3 Fire Pond Proposed Sampling Locations Figure 4-4 Medlin Pond Proposed Sampling Locations Figure 5-1 Prefield Checklist for Sampling Activities Figure 5-2 Analytical Request Form Figure 5-3 Chain-of-Custody Record Figure 5-4 Field Data Sheet for Groundwater Sampling Figure 5-5 Calibration Sheet • • Ralcigh/FSP 179285.01 BB/DCC#R0499 6/93 - V -CHESTER ENVIAQNMENTAL • • • site and off-site locations. The majority of these monitoring wells were installed within the fractured upper portion of the sedimentary bedrock. This zone was determined to be the uppermost water bearing unit in most areas investigated. Shallow wells within the former lagoon and Cellon process areas were installed within the weathered bedrock unit. Borehole geophysical logging was conducted in the off-site deep monitoring wells, domestic wells, and the pumping well to provide additional information regarding the hydrogeologic characteristics of the bedrock and to determine the location and orientation of fractures. Two surface geophysical investigations were completed during the RI. A magnetometer survey was conducted to locate diabase dikes within the study area. Vertical electrical sounding (YES) was performed to evaluate the depths and lateral extent of water producing zones within the shallow bedrock zone. The YES study was conducted in t.he former Cellon process area, the former lagoon area and the off-site area to the east of the former lagoon area. Groundwater levels in the monitoring wells were measured on several occasions to allow for an evaluation of groundwater flow patterns. Aquifer testing programs completed to determine aquifer parameters included: 1) slug tests completed in select shallow and intermediate monitoring wells, and 2) a pumping test completed in the area east of the former lagoon area. The objectives of the pumping test were to 1) provide values of aquifer coefficients for the fractured bedrock zone, 2) determine the area influenced by short-term groundwater withdrawals, and 3) evaluate the degree of hydraulic connection between the water producing zone and intervals monitored by the observation wells. Injection testing was also conducted in five deep near off-site wells. The objective of these injection tests was to evaluate the degree of variation of hydraulic conductivity as a function of increasing depth. 1.2 Remedial Design Sampling Summary Collection of soil, groundwater, surface water and sediment samples will be completed as part of the Remedial Design development process. EPA Region IV sampling protocols defined in the U.S. EPA, Region IV, Environmental Compliance Branch Standard Operating Procedures and Quality Assurance Manual, February 1, Raleigh/FSP !79285-01 BB/OCC#R0499 8/93 1-7 CHESTER ENVIRONMENTAL • • • 1991 (ECBSOPQAM) will be followed. The following is a summary of the general procedures to be used for sample collection. 1.2.1 Sample Management The possession of samples or other physical evidence shall be traceable from the time they are obtained until they have been submitted to the analytical laboratory or geotechnical laboratory. To simplify the documentation of possession that is maintained on the Chain-of-Custody Form, as few people should handle the sample during the investigation as possible. All samples will be fully documented in the field records, on the field sample chain-of-custody record, and on the sample jar labels. Field documentation procedures are provided in Section 5.0. The field hydrogeologist or other sampling team member is responsible for proper handling and custody of samples collected until they are properly and formally transferred to another person or laboratory. Sample labels shall be completed for each sample using waterproof non-erasable ink. All samples are to be sealed immediately upon collection or sample preservation, and are to be immediately placed on ice in a cooler. Analytical samples are to be properly packaged for shipment and delivery to the laboratory in iced coolers to ensure that samples are kept cold for preservation requirements. Shipping containers are to be secured by using nylon strapping tape and use of a security seal method to ensure that the cooler may not be opened without evidence of the seal being penetrated. 1.2.2 Sample Designation and Identification Each sample collected at the Koppers site will be assigned a unique sample tracking number. The sample tracking number will consist of a four to seven segment alphanumeric code, which identifies the sample matrix, the sampling sequence number, and sampling depth. Any other pertinent information regarding sample identification will be recorded in field sampling logbooks . RaJc;gh/FSP 179285-01 BB/DCC#R0499 8/93 1-8 CHESTER ENVIRONMENTAL • • • The alphanumeric code used in the sample identification system is explained as follows. Prefix C OS X SW s EB MB Sample Matrix: Groundwater (from monitoring well) Off-site well, various designations dependent upon location Soil (Surface or Subsurface) Surface Water Sediment Equipment Blank Material Blank Samples from monitoring well nest locations will have a suffix added to the well location designation to signify the depth of the well, as detailed below. Suffix A B C Sequence Number: Well Depth Shallow (approximately 40 feet) Intermediate (35 to 60 feet) Deep (less than 200 feet) Pre-existing locations will maintain the unique identifiers established during the RI. New sample locations will be numbered sequentially beginning with 200, with one exception (Groundwater samples will maintain the sample identification scheme used during the RI). Sampling Depth (Optional Field): Sampling depths are required for soil, surface water, and sediment sample matrices. The sampling depth interval is to be documented on the chain-of- custody record and in the field logbook (i.e., the A interval is the O' to 2', 2' to 4'). For groundwater samples, this field will be used to contain either an "A" Raleigh/FSP 179285-01 BB/DCC# R0499 8/93 1 - 9 CHESTER ENVIAONMENTAL • • • for shallow well, "D" for deep well, or "S" for the former water supply well. When this field is not required, it should be ignored (i.e., left blank). Sampling Round (Optional Field): The precise time and date each sample was collected will be documented in the field logbooks and on the chain-of-custody record (COC) sheets. Examples: X-202A represents a soil media ("X"), soil sample location number three ("202"), first sampling interval depth ("A" referenced from field logbook and COC under sample location). SW-200B represents a surface water sample ("SW"), surface water location number one ("200"), and mid-depth interval from the pond ("B"). The container label will include sample identification information, including the date of sample collection, alphanumeric identification, parameters to be analyzed, and preservatives, if applicable. Sample bottles will be prelabeled by the laboratory to avoid unnecessary delays. The specific information for each sample will be documented in the field logbook and on a chain-of-custody form. The sample identification will be correlated in the logbook and chain-of-custody by sample designation, sampling date, time, and location. The analytical parameters for which the sample is to be analyzed and the respective number of sample bottles will be provided on the chain-of-custody sheet, and analytical request forms . Raleigh/FSP 1792&5--0I BB/DCC#R0499 8/93 1-10 CHESTER ENVIRONMENTAL • • • Surface soils from the sampling areas will be collected from the surface to two feet . Subsurface soil samples will be collected in 2.0 foot intervals starting at 2.0 feet below surface. Soil boring information indicates localized pentachlorophenol concentrations above the site cleanup level of 95 mg/Kg to depths of eight feet in Sample Area 1 and 4 feet in Sample Area 2, respectively. In all, a minimum ninety-eight (98) discrete soil samples will be collected for analysis. Soil samples will be collected within Sample Area 1 from 12 borings at predetermined depth intervals of O to 2 foot, 2 to 4 foot, 4 to 6 foot, and 6 to 8 foot and fifty (50) soil samples from depth intervals of Oto 2 feet and 2 to 4 foot within Sample Area 2. The total number of soil samples required will be based upon on- site analytical analyses. The PENTA Rise™ Soil Test manufactured by EnSys, Inc. (EnSys) is a field- compatible immunoassay based test for pentachlorophenol in soil which will be used for preliminary verification to assess the pentachlorophenol concentration below the terminal depth interval at each boring location. At the time of soil sampling, semi- quantitative levels of pentachlorophenol will be determined through the use of field testing. A soil sample will be collected, homogenized and split for each location and depth interval using a split-spoon or hand auger. The homogenized sample will be split and contained in containers cleaned to EPA specifications. One split sample will be used for field analysis and the other split sample will be held for possible laboratory analysis. All soil samples will be kept cool until the field analysis in completed and a decision has been made whether or not to submit the sample to the laboratory for pentachlorophenol analysis. Simplified, the on-site pentachlorophenol analysis will consist of the following steps: 1) extract a 10 gram soil sample; 2) filter extract; 3) prepqre a set of serial dilutions; 4) add the diluted sample to EnSys antibody coated tubes; 5) initiate color development; and 6) measure the pentachlorophenol semi-quantitative concentration. Refer to Attachment C of the QAPP for explicit standard operation procedures for the EnSys pentachlorophenol test kit . Ralcigh/FSP 179285--01 CB/DCC#Rll499 8/93 2-4 CHESTER ENVIRONMENTAL • • • The serial dilutions prepared during the field analysis will be compared to a 24 mg/Kg and 95 mg/Kg standard to determine the semi-quantitative pentachlorophenol result. Those samples that exceed the EnSys 24 mg/Kg detection level will be submitted to the laboratory for pentachlorophenol analyses. Ten percent ( a minimum of five) of the samples having a semi-quantitative pentachlorophenol result below 24 mg/Kg will also be submitted to the laboratory of confirmational analyses. All confirmational laboratory analyses will be analyzed by EPA Method 8270. The semi-quantitative pentachlorophenol result will also serve as a means for determining if further horizontal or vertical delineation is required. If the terminal interval ( eight feet in sample Area 1 and four feet in Sample Area 2) pentachlorophenol results exceed the 95 mg/Kg field detection level, an additional two-foot depth interval will be collected at that boring location. Vertical sampling will cease when the EnSys results are below the 95 mg/Kg cleanup goal. Should peripheral sample grid locations demonstrate any depth interval, additional horizontal borings location(s) will be established in a manner consistent with the original grid spacing. If field testing indicates pentachlorophenol results greater than the cleanup goal at a corner peripheral grid location, two additional sampling locations will be established at right angles, one grid spacing distance outside the existing grid. Attachment C of the QAPP contains information on the EnSys immunoassay test method (EPA proposed Method 4010), Standard Operating Procedures, and Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC) requirements. During the field implementation of this sample design, shallow occurrence of competent bedrock may preclude collection of some of the deeper interval soil samples, particularly in Sample Area 1. Prior experience at the site reveals that bedrock depth varies from approximately 6 feet to 12 feet within the former Cellon process and lagoon area of the site. Therefore, no sample will be collected at a pre- specified depth where bedrock is encountered, as determined by blow-counts during Raleigh/FSP 179"..85-01 CB/DCC#R0499 8/93 2-5 CHESTER ENVIRONMENTAL • • • Standard Penetration Testing. Specific information regarding the determination of the sample locations is provided in Section 4.1 of the Work Plan. 2.3 Sample Designation and Identification Each soil sample collected for the Remedial Design will be given a unique sample name for sample tracking purposes. The sample tracking number will consist of a unique alphanumeric code that identifies the area of the site, the sampling station location and sample depth. The rationale for sample designation is presented in Section 1.2.2. Any soil samples collected from previous locations established during the RI will maintain the preexisting sample identification. 2.4 Sampling Equipment and Procedures Surface and subsurface soil samples may be collected using a variety of equipment. In this site characterization, surface soil samples will be obtained using either a split-spoon sampler or a hand auger. All soil samples will be mixed to the extent practicable to ensure that the sample is as representative as possible of the sample interval. Decontamination of all soil sampling equipment will be conducted as required per Section 4.5.2 of the Region IV ECBSOPQAM. Subsurface samples will be collected at soil boring locations using a split-spoon device as per Chester's Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) provided in the QAPP. Only samples from intervals above the water table will be submitted for the constituent analyses specified in Section 2.5. Surface soil samples will be collected from 0.0 to 2.0 feet. If a split-spoon device is used, the spoon may be driven several times over this interval to ensure collection of adequate sample volume. When a hand auger is used, soils are removed from the ground via the auger head. Subsurface soil samples will be collected from a split- spoon sampling device. Soil contained in the spoon or auger will be transferred to a properly cleaned stainless steel or Pyrex pan for soil mixing. Soil sample aliquots will then be transferred from the soil mixing pan into the appropriate sample jars. Table 2-1 summarizes the required containers, and holding times . Ralcigh/FSP 179285-01 CB/DCC#R0499 8/93 2-6 CHESTER ENVIRONMENTAL • • • During soil boring operations accurate records of the blow counts (i.e., Standard Penetration Testing) will be kept by the Project Geologist. Two undisturbed samples will be obtained through the use of Shelby tubes within Sample Area 1 where excavations of greater than five (5) feet may occur. Strength testing such as unconfined compressive strengths and direct shear tests will be performed to determine the cohesive strength and/ or friction angle of soils at depth. Bulk samples of any sandy soils encountered will be collected to evaluate grain size and moisture content. These samples will be taken in the general areas where excavation of soils is expected to be completed, when a change in size and/ or texture is perceived and the thickness of the size/textural change interval exceeds 6 inches. 2.5 Sample Handling and Analysis A total of ninety-eight (98) soil samples will be submitted for the analysis of pentachlorophenol. Table 2-2 summarizes the proposed soil sample numbers, locations, and parameters. Soil samples collected for constituent analysis will be maintained in the possession of the sample collector at all times. Chain-of-custody procedures will be used to document the transfer of samples, as described in Section 6.0 of the QAPP. Soil samples will be collected in new glass containers and placed into iced coolers until shipment to the laboratory via overnight express courier service. Shelby tubes used to collect the undisturbed soil samples will be sealed after retrieval from the borehole. Plastic caps will immediately be placed onto the ends of the tubes temporarily to prevent moisture loss and the tube marked. Once the boring is completed, the Shelby tube will be transported to the office location and the ends of the tube will be sealed with wax. Care will be taken to maintain the Shelby tubes in vertical and upright positions, and to minimize movement of the tu bes during transport . Raleigh/FSP 179285-01 CB/DCC#R0499 8/93 2-7 CHESTER ENVIFIONMENTAL • Parameter Semi-volatiles PCDD/PCDF Notes: TABLE 2-1 SAMPLE CONTAINER REQUIREMENTS AND HOLDING TIME REQUIREMENTS FOR SOIL SAMPLES FORMER KOPPERS COMPANY, INC. SITE BEAZER EAST, INC. MORRISVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA Sample Cleaning Holding Preservative Container Procedure Times cool to 4 °C 8 oz. widemouth glass (I) (2) 14 days extraction with Teflon lined lid (250 ml) cool to 4 °C 8 oz. widemouth glass (I) (3) 30 days extraction with Teflon lined lid • (1) New I-Chem bottles, series 3000 will be used. These bottles have been cleaned to EPA specifications and have a QA/QC certificate. • (2) (3) 14 days until extraction; 40 days following extraction. 30 days until extraction; 45 days following extraction. Raleigh/FSP 179285-01 BB/DCC#R0499 8/93 CHESTER ENVIAONMENTAL • Number of Proposed Samples per Estimated Sample Boring Number Sample Location Location of Samples Area I X200--X21 I 12 TBD Area 2 X212-X236 25 TBD Parameter • TABLE 2-2 SOIL SAMPLE ANALYSIS SUMMARY SAMPLE AREA I/SAMPLE AREA 2 FORMER KOPPERS COMPANY, INC. SITE BEAZER EAST, INC. MORRISVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA Number Analytical De:toction of Field Method Limit(!) Duplicatc:s Pentach1orophenol EPA 3550 NA 2 EPA 8270 1600 ug/Kg Pcntachlorophenol EPA 3550 NA 3 EPA 8270 1600 ug/Kg Areas I & 2 X-200-236 TBD TBD Pcntachlorophenol EPA 4010 6-95 mg/Kg TBD EnSys(2) Notes: (1) Detection limits are highly matrix-dependent. The Detection limits listed may not always be achievable. (2) PropoS<d Method. (3) TBD -total number of soil samples will be determined during field sampling. NA -Not Applicable BB/DCCR0499 8/93 Number of Equipment Blanks 2 3 TBD Number ofTrip Blanks 0 0 0 DQO Level III III II • CommcnlJJ When field conditions permit, soil samples will be coJlected to a depth of 8 feet, with samples collected at each 2-foot interval. When field conditions permit, soil samples will be collected to a depth of 4 feet, with samples colle.cted at each 2-foot interval. Field detection kits to be used. • • • 3.0 GROUNDWATER SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS 3.1 Sampling Objectives Groundwater data for selected constituents of interest (COI) will be collected to accomplish the following objectives. ■ Delineate the horizontal and vertical extent of constituents m groundwater southeast of the site. ■ Confirm the groundwater quality at the site as determined during the RI. ■ Determine constituent levels in select domestic wells located near the site. 3.2 Sample Locations and Frequency One round of groundwater samples will be collected from the forty-eight ( 48) monitoring wells and pumping well PW-1 installed during the RI. Based on past analytical results and hydrogeologic information, four ( 4) new monitoring wells are to be installed and sampled for further delineation of constituents. Eight (8) off-site domestic wells will also be selected based on past detections of COL Samples from the sixty ( 60) wells will be submitted to the laboratory for analysis of acid extractable phenolic compounds (EPA Method 8270). Selected wells in proximity to the former lagoon area and Cellon process area will be analyzed for PCDDs/PCDFs by EPA Method 8290. All samples will also be field tested for pH, specific conductance and temperature as required by the Region IV ECBSOPQAM. A summary of the proposed groundwater sampling program is presented in Table 3- 1 and the analysis program is presented as Tables 3-2 and 3-3. Proposed on-site and off-site groundwater sampling locations are shown on Figures 3-1 and 3-2, respectively . Ralcigh/FSP 179285--01 CB/DCC#R0499 8/93 3-1 CHESTER ENVIRONMENTAL • • • 3.3 Sample Designation and Identification Groundwater samples collected as part of the remedial design groundwater delineation will be identified by the same unique sample identification number used during the RI. The sample identification designates the location, media, sample station, well depth series, and date. New wells installed during the will be identified using the sample identification system discussed in Section 1.2.2. 3.4 Monitoring Well Installation Approximate locations of the four ( 4) monitoring wells to be installed for the Remedial Design are shown in Figure 3-3. These wells will be installed in two well nests. The two proposed well nests will provide a quantification of groundwater quality in the intermediate (35 to 60') and deep (less than 200') potential water- bearing zones at the two proposed locations. The well nests C-33 and C-34 will also provide information regarding groundwater flow conditions downgradient of the site . Descriptions of surface soils, weathered bedrock and bedrock materials and well construction details will be documented. During drilling of the wellbores, physical information regarding the aquifer will be collected. This will include depths of water-producing fracture zones, identification of lithology, and many observations pertinent to groundwater flow, occurrence, movement, and quality. Monitoring well installation will follow the procedures in Appendix E of the Region IV ECBSOPQAM. Cleanini: and Decontamination Drilling rigs used in drilling activities will be cleaned and decontaminated before entering the site. Before site drilling activities are initiated, all equipment will be thoroughly cleaned at the existing on-site decontamination pad. The requirements for drilling and sampling equipment cleaning and decontamination for Region IV investigation activities may be found in Appendix E9 of the Region IV ECBSOPQAM . Raleigh/FSP 179285-01 CB/DCC#R0499 8/93 3-2 CHESTER ENVIRONMENTAL • • • The drill rig(s) will be steam cleaned prior to drilling each borehole. In addition, all downhole drilling, sampling, and associated equipment that will come into contact with the sample medium will be cleaned and decontaminated by the following procedures. 1. Clean with tap water and laboratory grade, phosphate-free detergent, using a brush, if necessary, to remove particulate matter and surface films. Steam cleaning and/or high pressure hot water washing may be necessary to remove matter that is difficult to remove with the brush. Hollow-stem augers, drill rods, Shelby tubes, etc., that are hollow or have holes that transmit water or drilling fluids, shall be cleaned on the inside and outside. 2. Rinse thoroughly with tap water. 3. Rinse thoroughly with deionized water ( decanted from pressured spray system) . 4. Rinse twice with pesticide grade isopropanol ( decanted from pressurized spray system). 5. Rinse thoroughly with organic-free water and allow to air dry. Organic-free water is to be processed on-site through the deionization-organic filtration system in the site office trailer. Note: It is permissible (with approval) to delete the organic-free water rinse and allow the equipment to air dry before use. 6. Wrap with aluminum foil, if appropriate, to prevent contamination if equipment is going to be stored or transported. Clean plastic can be used to wrap augers, drill stems, casings, etc., if they have been air dried. 7. All well casing, tremie tubing, etc., that arrive on-site with printing and/or writing on them shall be removed before Step #1. Tremie Ralcigh/FSP 179285-01 CB/DCC#R0499 8/93 3-3 CHESTER ENVIRONMENTAL • • • tubing, etc., that are made of plastic (PVC) shall not be solvent rinsed during the cleaning and decontamination process. Used plastic materials that cannot be cleaned are not acceptable and shall be discarded. Intermediate Depth Monitoring Wells A typical well construction diagram for the proposed intermediate bedrock wells (C- 33B and C-34B) is presented as Figure 3-4. These two intermediate depth bedrock wells will be installed using air rotary or air percussion techniques. A 10-inch diameter borehole will be drilled and a 6-inch steel surface casing will be set plumb in the well and either tremie grouted or pressure grouted in place. After the grout has set for a period of 24 hours or more, drilling will resume using a nominal 6-inch bit. The well is to be screened within a water-bearing fracture zone. Ten to fifteen feet of two-inch diameter stainless steel screen (0.010-inch slots) will be installed with two-inch riser stainless steel casing set to 24 to 36 inches above surface. A 6- inch bed of filter pack sand layer will be installed beneath the bottom of the screen, and filter sand will be installed by tremie pipe from the base of the well screen to a minimum of two feet above the top of the screened interval. Two feet of pelletized bentonite will be placed above the filter pack to provide an annular seal. After an eight-hour period or the hydration time recommended by the manufacturer to allow the bentonite to hydrate, the remaining annulus will be grouted to the surface using Portland cement/bentonite grout. The wells will be completed with a steel protective casing set into a 3' x 3' x 6" concrete pad. A weep hole will be installed in the protective casing. Deep Monitoring Wells Two deep monitoring wells, C-33C and C-34C are proposed to be installed at the locations adjacent to the B-series wells. The deep monitoring wells will be used to monitor potential migration in the deep bedrock zone to provide vertical constituent of interest delineation data. These wells will be constructed adjacent to the B-series wells by similar drilling and surface casing installation methods discussed above. The surface casing will be set to 30 to 50 feet below the bottom of the adjacent B- Raleigh/FSP 179285-01 CB/DCC#R0499 8/93 3-4 CHESTER ENVIRONMENTAL • • • series well and grouted into place. The wellbore will be drilled to a total depth between 100 and 200 feet, contingent upon encountering a water-bearing fracture zone in this interval. C-series monitoring wells will be completed as open-hole bedrock wells, so that any water-bearing fracture zones encountered beneath the 6- inch surface casing will be monitored. The proposed construction of these bedrock wells is shown in Figure 3-5. All potable water used during drilling and well construction will be obtained from the municipal water supply at a fire hydrant. The water will be sampled during field operations and analyzed for acid extractable phenolic compounds (EPA Method 8270). Disposal of Cuttini;:s, Drill Water and Development Water Soil and rock cuttings will be collected .and containerized in 55-gallon open-top (17- H) drums. The drums will be stored at a location near the Cellon treatment area for future testing, treatment, and/or disposal. Water brought to the surface at the four new monitoring well locations will be contained, collected, and transported to on-site storage tanks. Water will be contained in a drilling tub or a small, lined pit dug adjacent to the well location to allow the cuttings to settle before being pumped into a tanks or drums for transport to the storage tank area. The water will be stored in the on-site above ground storage tank for treatment during Remedial Action. Well Development and Survey The primary purpose of development for monitoring wells is to remove fluids or foreign material introduced during drilling and/ or well construction. In many cases, the water in the well may never become sediment-free regardless of how much water is removed during development if the well is screened in bedrock that contains mostly fine-grained material, or no significant water-bearing fractures were encountered to yield water to allow development. Development will be accomplished by a combination of surging, air-lifting, bailing and/or pumping until Raleigh/FSP 179285-01 CB/DCC#R0499 8/93 3-5 CHESTER ENVIRONMENTAL • • • the water is clear and pH and specific conductance stabilize. If pumps are to be used for development, they will be stainless steel submersible and cleaned between wells. Air injection lines or pump discharge lines used to develop wells will be dedicated to one well and cleaned by Region IV ECBSOPQAM requirements prior to sampling. PVC discharge lines or air lines will be used since any water that contacts the PVC will be removed by bailing before samples are collected. If pH and conductivity have stabilized and the water is still turbid, development will continue until field personnel determine that the well has been adequately developed. A minimum of three well casing volumes will be removed during development, if feasible. Development water will be containerized in a manner similar to drill water. Upon completion of well development, groundwater samples will be collected for screening by the EnSys PENTA Rise™ testing method (EnSys). The EnSys testing will be conducted to determine whether the groundwater contains pentachlorophenol above the testing methods minimum detection limit of 5 ug/L. If the EnSys screening method determines that the pentachlorophenol exceeds 5 ug/L, Beazer and EPA will be notified to allow evaluation of the installation of additional monitoring wells and/ or rapid laboratory analysis to quantify the pentachlorophenol concentration. Well development at each well will occur a Illlrumum of 24 hours following completion of well installation. Groundwater samples will be collected at newly installed wells approximately one week following completion of well development. After monitoring well construction is completed, each location will be surveyed by a North Carolina registered surveyor. The plan location of each sampling point will be determined in North Carolina Plane Coordinates to the nearest one hundredth of a foot. A permanent measuring reference point will be established at the top of the new monitoring well casing from which all depth to water measurements will be made. The measuring point and ground surface elevation will be determined in feet above mean sea level to the nearest one hundredth of a foot. RaJc;gh/FSP 179285-01 CB/DCC#R0499 8/93 3-6 CHESTER ENVIRONMENTAL • • • Inside Casing Diameter (in.) 1.5" 2.0" 4.0" 6.0" Volume per Linear Ft. (gal.) 0.092 0.163 0.653 1.469 To verify the removal of the required water volume during purging, a graduated bucket is used to measure flow rate during pumping or purge water volume. Purge water will be contained for proper disposal. Monitoring Well Purging and Sampling If possible, the upgradient well(s) will be purged and sampled first, followed by wells suspected to be relatively free of dissolved constituents in the groundwater and progressing to wells potentially containing constituents. Many of the deep monitoring wells have a low yield, so the well is purged to dryness after only one well volume is removed. If a well is known to be a low yield well, it should not be purged so that it is fully dry. Approximately three feet of water should be left in the well. Sufficient time must be allowed for recovery before sampling. Monitoring wells are to be purged and sampled by either hand bailing or pumping. When possible, all samples are to be collected using laboratory-cleaned bailers. Sample collection by hand bailing is the preferred sampling method because bailers can be decontaminated more thoroughly than pumps. However, bladder pumps, submersible pumps or other pumps may be used since the slow rate of pumping decreases the potential for increasing sample turbidity and the material in contact with the groundwater is new and made of inert material. Bladder pumps, submersible pumps, or other pumps may be used for groundwater sampling per Region IV ECBSOPQAM requirements . Ralcigh/FSP !79285-01 CB/DCC#R0499 8/93 3 -12 CHESTER ENVIRONMENTAL • • • 9 . A separate laboratory-cleaned stainless steel bailer is used to collect samples from each monitoring well. 10. The samples are preserved as necessary and placed immediately in ice chests and cooled to a temperature of 4°C. 3.5.3 Domestic Well Sampling Procedures Eight domestic wells will be sampled as part of the Remedial Design groundwater sampling program. These wells were selected based on past groundwater quality data, their location in relation to the site, and hydrogeologic conditions. Domestic well sampling requirements are found in Section 4.9.3.4 of the Region IV ECBSOPQAM. Since municipal water lines have been installed throughout the areas of the site, most domestic wells are assumed to have been idle. The domestic wells may have submersible pumps and riser pipe remaining in place that could be used to purge the well. However, as a contingency, the sampling team will have two- inch submersible pump equipment and a generator available in case pumps have been removed or are inoperable . Regardless of the purging method, the volume required to adequately purge the wells must be determined. Since the domestic wells are completed as open-hole bedrock wells, the minimal purge volumes necessary to adequately purge the wells, is three times the borehole and casing standing water column height. If the domestic well has a tap in the plumbing line before a water holding tank, this tap should be used for discharging flow for purging and also for sampling. If the domestic well cannot be sampled from a tap in the plumbing before the holding tank, then the holding tank volume must be added to the minimal purge volume. Groundwater purged at domestic well locations will be decanted to the ground. Groundwater samples will be collected from the tap point after purging is completed. After samples have been collected, they will be handled consistent with other aqueous sample handling procedures . Raleigh/FSP 179285--01 CB/DCC#R0499 8/93 3 -19 CHESTER ENVIRONMENTAL • Sample Former Lagoon and Cellon Process Area Eastern Area We.stern Area Notes: Proposed Sample Location C-13A, C-13B, C-14A, C-14B, C-27A, C-27B, C-28A, C-28B, C-29B, PW-I C-4A, C-7A C-IOA, C-IOB, C-12A, C-12B C-12C, C-30A C-5A, C-6A C-8A, C-25A, C-25B, C-26A C-26B, C-31 Toto! Number TABLE3-2 • GROUNDWATER SAMPLE ANALYSIS SUMMARY ON-SITE WELLS FORMER KOPPERS COMPANY, INC. SITE BEAZER EAST, INC. MORRISVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA Number Analyticol Detection of Field of Samples Parameters Method Limit Duplicatca IO Phenolics EPA 3520 NA 5 EPA 8270 (I) PCDDIPCDF EPA 8290 various 8 Phenolics EPA 3520 NA 2 EPA 8270 ( I) PCDDIPCDF EPA 8290 various 0 8 Phenolics EPA 3520 NA 0 EPA 8270 ( I) (I) EPA Method 8270 Para.meters/Detection Limits: P11rametcr Detection Limit Phenol Parameter 2,4, 6-Trichlorophenol 2,4-Dinitrophenol 4-Nitrophenol Number of Equipment Bianka 0 2-Cltlorophenol 2-Nitrophenol 2,4-Dimethylphenol 2,4-Dichlorophenol 4-Chloro-3-Methylphenol IO ug/L IO ug/L IO ug/L IO ug/L 10 ug/L IO ug/L 2,3 ,5 ,6-T etrachlorophenol 4,6-Dinitro-2-Methylphenol Pentachlorophenol (2) Detection limits are highly matrix-dependent. The detection limits listed may not always be achievable. (3) One round of groundwnter snmpling will be performed for the nbove noted pnrameters. NA -Not Applicable BBIDCCR0499 8193 Number of Trip DQO Bianka Level 0 Ill/IV 0 IV 0 Ill/IV 0 IV 0 Ill/IV Detection Limit 10 ug/L 50 ug/L 50 ug/L 50 ug/L 50 ug/L 50 ug/L • Comme.nta C-14A, C-14B, C-27B C-28A, and PW-I will be sampled for PCDDIPCDF. C-IOA and C-30A will be sampled for PCDDIPCDF. • Sample North of Site East of Site West of Site South of Site Proposed Sample Location C-IA, C-1B, C-2A, C-2B, C-9A, C-9B. C-9C. C-18C. C-19C, C-21C, 7-K, OS-8, OS-9, OS-25, 5-11 C-1 IA, C-11B, C-33B••. C-33C++. C-34B••. C-34C••, C-16C, C-23C, C-24C, 14K, OS-4, OS-6 C-3A, C-3B, C-20C C-15A, C-15B, C-22C. C-32C, BB/DCCR0499 8/93 Total Number of Samples 15 12 3 4 • TABLE 3-3 GROUNDWATER SAMPLE ANALYSIS SUMMARY OFF-SITE WELLS FORMER KOPPERS COMPANY, INC. SITE BEAZER EAST, INC. MORRISVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA Number Analytical Detoction of Fidd Parameters Method Limit DupliC4les Phenolics EPA 3520 NA EPA 8270 (I} Phenolics EPA 3520 NA EPA 8270 (I} PCDD/PCDF EPA 8290 various 0 Phenolics EPA 3520 NA 0 EPA 8270 (I} Phenolics EPA 3520 NA EPA 8270 (I} • Number of Number Equipment of Trip DQO Blanb Blanb Lcvd Com.mc.nla 3 0 lll/lV 2 0 lll/lV C-11B will be sampled for PCDD/PCDF. 0 0 IV 0 lll/lV 0 lll/lV • • TABLE 3-3 (Continued) GROUNDWATER SAMPLE ANALYSIS SUMMARY OFF-SITE WELLS (I) EPA Method 8270 Parameters/Detection Limits: Parameter Phenol 2-Chlorophenol 2-Nitrophenol 2,4-Dimethylphenol 2,4-Dichlorophenol 4-Chloro-3-Mcihylphenol FORMER KOPPERS COMPANY, INC. SITE BEAZER EAST, INC. MORRISVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA Detection Limit 10 ug/L 10 ug/L IO ug/L IO ug/L IO ug/L IO ug/L (2) Detection limits are highly matrix-dependent. The detection limits listed may not always be achievable. (3) One round of groundwater sampling will be performed for the above noted parameters. (4) • -indicates proposed new monitoring well location on the Luther Green Center operated by the Town of Morrisville Department of P11rks and Recreation. Parameter 2,4 ,6-Trichlorophenol 2,4-Dinitrophenol 4-Nitrophenol 2, 3 ,5 ,6-Tetrachlorophenol 4,6-Dinitro-2-Methylphenol Pentachlorophenol (5) •• -indicates proposed new monitoring well location on the property of Crowder Construction Co. or adjacent property. NA -Not Applicable 88/DCCR0499 8/93 • Detection Limit IO ug/L 50 ug/L 50 ug/L 50 ug/L 50 ug/L 50 ug/L • Parameter Semi-volatiles PCDD/PCDF TABLE 3-4 SAMPLE CONTAINER REQUIREMENTS, PRESERVATION AND HOLDING TIME REQUIREMENTS FOR GROUNDWATER SAMPLES FORMER KOPPERS COMPANY, INC. SITE BEAZER EAST, INC. MORRISVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA Sample Preservative Container cool to 4 °C I gallon amber glass with Teflon lined lid cool to 4°C 2 one-liter amber glass with Teflon lined lid Cleaning Procedure (I) ( I) Holding Times (2) 7 days extraction (3) 30 days extraction Notes: • (I) New I-Chem bottles, series 3000 will be used. These bottles have been cleaned to EPA specifications and have a QA/QC certificate. • (2) (3) 7 days until extraction, 40 days following extraction. 30 days until extraction, 45 days following extraction. Raleigh/FSP 179825-01 BB/DCC#R0499 8/93 CHESTER ENVIRONMENTAL • • --=::::s:--* = LEGEND + -$- ----- D MONITORING lr'ELL LOCATION PROPOSED MONITORING lr'ELL LOCATION BEAZER EAST. INC. PROPERTY BOUNDARY UNIT STRUCTURES INC. PROPERTY BOUNDARY NOTE: lr'ELL Plr't lr'AS UTILIZED AS A PUMPING TEST lr'Ell. .. Q .. ) 0 □ a ~C9B C9A C9C 0 0 LJ ... C3B C3A lb C-33B C-33C -$- _._ C26A ....,.-C26B C-34B C-34C CBA C25B / C25A ./ "---lo cEME-:;;;;Y\r 0 /2 /4 . --. --·--·--. --. ---=·---=::: SCALE (FEET) ------0 150 300 450 FIGURE 3-1 ON-SITE ANO NEAR OFF-SITE MONITORING lfELL LOCATIONS FOR REMEDIAL OESIBN BROUNO/fA TER HONITORINB PROBRAH FORMER KOPPERS COMPANY, INC. SITE BEAZER EAST. INC. MORRISVILLE. NC • CHESIEA p-ENVIRONMENTAL 1-=-,-,~ 6/18/93 A108529 • • • All samples will be contained in polyethylene jars and cooled with ice to about 4°C. Tables 4-1 and 4-2 indicate sample jar requirements and preservation and holding time requirements. Sediment Samples Ditch surface sediment samples will be collected from the O to 6-inch interval using a sampling trowel. Depending on the firmness of the media, subsurface ditch sediments will either be sampled with a stainless steel core sampler or stainless steel hand auger. Sediment sampling of the Fire and Medlin ponds will be accomplished from a rowboat. Core samples will be collected in the following manner. A hand-operated bucket auger will be used to collect sediments throughout the zero to one-foot interval. A section of 4-inch flush-joint PVC pipe will be set to the pond bottom sediments. The purpose of the PVC pipe is to maintain the sediment sampling location between sampling intervals and to prevent sloughing of sediments into the sampling hole. In cases where split or duplicate samples are required, three PVC pipes will be used. In this case these pipes will be strapped to each other to ensure enough sediment volume for these additional samples. Samples will be secured by pushing the split-spoon samplers through the PVC pipe, into the sediments at the bottom of the pond. Care will be taken so that the sample which is collected has not contacted the PVC pipe. Sediment samples will be contained in new glass containers with Teflon-lined screw type lids. The sampling equipment will be thoroughly washed between each use in non-phosphate detergent, followed by a clean water rinse, two rinses with pesticide grade isopropanol and organic free water rinses. The sediment samples will be handled, preserved, and shipped in accordance with the U.S. EPA Region IV ECBSOPQAM (see Table 4-2) . Ralcigh/FSP 179285.01 CB/DCC#R0499 8/93 4-7 CHESTER ENVIRONMENTAL • • • Parameter Semi-volatiles PCDD/PCDF Notes: TABLE 4-2 SAMPLE CONTAINER REQUIREMENTS AND HOLDING TIME REQUIREMENTS FOR SEDIMENT SAMPLES FORMER KOPPERS COMPANY, INC. SITE BEAZER EAST, INC. MORRISVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA Sample Cleaning Preservative Container Procedure cool to 4 °C 8 oz. widemouth glass (1) with Teflon lined lid (250 ml) cool to 4°C 8 oz. widemouth glass (I} with Teflon lined lid Holding Times (2) 14 days extraction (3) 30 days extraction (I) New I-Chem bottles, series 3000 will be used. These bottles have been cleaned to EPA specifications and have a QA/QC certificate. (2) 14 days until extraction, 40 days following extraction. (3) 30 days until extraction, 45 days following extraction. (4) Under normal circumstances, many parameters require much less volume than 32 oz. Thus, these parameters may be combined in one or more 32 oz. sample bottles . Raleigh/FSP 179825-01 BB/DCC#R0499 8/93 CHESTER ENVIRONMENTAL • Proposed Number of Total Sample Samples per Number Sample Location Location of Samples Fire Pond S-16A, S-16B, 2 6 Outflow S-17 Ditch Western S-30, S-33, 2 6 Ditch S-34 Fire Pond S-5. S-8, 5 S-11, S-13, S-15 $ Medlin S-18, S-20, 3 Pond S-22 ~ C) " J: ;gm z en iii --i 'am I'D BB/DCCR0499 8/93 • TABLE4-3 SEDIMENT SAMPLE ANALYSIS SUMMARY FORMER KOPPERS COMPANY, INC. SITE BEAZER EAST, INC. MORRISVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA Number Analytical Detection of Field Parameters Method Limit Duplicates Phenolics EPA 3550 NA EPA 8270 (1) PCDD/PCDF EPA 8290 various Phenolics EPA 3550 NA 0 EPA 8270 (1) PCDD/PCDF EPA 8290 various 0 Phenolics EPA 3550 NA EPA 8270 ( 1) PCDD/PCDF EPA 8290 various Phenolics EPA 3550 NA 0 EPA 8270 (1) PCDD/PCDF EPA 8290 various 0 • Number of Number Equipment of Trip DQO Blanks Blanks Level Comments 0 III At each location a sample will be collected from the surface and sub- 0 III surface (1.0-1.5 feet). Three samples will be composited from an area which, due to slow-moving water, exhibits deposition. 0 0 III At each location a sample will be collected from the surface and sub- 0 0 III surface (l.0-1.5 feet). Three samples will be composited from an area which, due to slow-moving water, exhibits deposition. 0 III Samples will be collected from the 0 to I-foot core intervals. 0 lII 0 lII Samples will be collected from the 0 to I-foot core intervals. 0 lII • Notes: (I) EPA Method 8270 Parameters/Detection Limits: Parameter Phenol 2-Chlorophenol 2-Nitrophenol 2,4-Dimethylphcnol 2,4-Dichlorophenol 4-Cltloro-3-Meth yl phenol • TABLE 4-3 (Continued) SEDIMENT SAMPLE ANALYSIS SUMMARY FORMER KOPPERS COMPANY, INC. SITE BEAZER EAST, INC. MORRISVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA Detection Limit 330 ug/Kg 330 ug/Kg 330 ug/Kg 330 ug/Kg 330 ug/Kg 330 ug/Kg Parameter 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol 2,4-Dinitrophenol 4-Nitrophenol 2,3,S ,6-T etrachlorophcnol 4,6-Dinitro-2-Methylphenol Pentachlorophenol (2} Detection limits are highly matrix-dependent. The Detection limits listed may not always be achievable. (3) One round of sediment sampling will be performed for the above noted parmeters. NA -Nat Applicable BB/DCCR0499 8/93 Detection Limit 330 ug/Kg 1,600 ug/Kg 1,600 ug/Kg 1,600 ug/Kg 1,600 ug/Kg 1,600 ug/Kg • • Sample Fire Pond Medlin Pond Notes: Proposed Sample Location SW-205, SW-208, SW-211, SW-213, SW-215 SW-218, SW-220, SW-222 Number of TolAI Samples per Number Location of Samples 2 10 2 6 (I) EPA Method 8270 Parameters/Detection Limits: Parameter Phenol 2-Chlorophenol 2-Nitrophenol 2,4-Dimethylphenol 2,4-Dichlorophenol 4-Chloro-3-Methylphenol • TABLE 4--4 SURFACE WATER SAMPLE ANALYSIS SUMMARY FORMER KOPPERS COMPANY, INC. SITE BEAZER EAST, INC. MORRISVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA Analytical Parameters Method Phenolics EPA 3520 EPA 8270 PCDD/PCDF EPA 8290 Phenolics EPA 3520 EPA 8270 PCDD/PCDF EPA 8290 Detection Limit 10 ug/L 10 ug/L 10 ug/L 10 ug/L 10 ug/L 10 ug/L Detection Limit NA (I) various NA (I) various Number Number of of Field Equipment Duplicates Blanks 2 2 0 0 0 0 Parameter 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol 2,4-Dinitrophcnol 4-Nitrophenol Number of Trip Blanks 0 0 0 0 2, 3, 5 ,6-T etrachlorophenol 4,6-Dinitro-2-Methylphenol Pentachlorophenol (2) Detection limits arc highly matrix-dependent. The Detection limits listed may not always be achievable. (3) One round of sediment sampling will be performed for the above noted parmeters. NA -Not Applicable CB/DCCR0499 8/93 DQO Level Ill Ill Ill • Comments Samples will be collected within five feet from the RI sediment sampling locations S-5, S-8, S-11, S-13, and S-15. Samples within the five feet from the RI sediment sample locations, S-18, S-20, and S-22. DetCCtion Limit 10 ug/L 50 ug/L 50 ug/L 50 ug/L 50 ug/L 50 ug/L • • • The appropriate laboratory personnel will develop a bottle list for preparation by I- Chem, receive the bottles, pack them in ice, and ship them to the site. The Analytical Request Sheet and specific bottle requirements and preparation procedures are outlined in the SOPs (Attachment B of the QAPP). The laboratory will also provide trip blanks and organic-free deionized water for use in preparing field rinsate blanks. Assemble Samplin,i Equipment and Complete Equipment Checklist The appropriate quantity and type of sampling equipment will be determined from the field sampling plan objectives and requirements and recorded on Project Notes Sheets. The Technical Services preparation group will perform the function of preparing and checking the equipment prior to packaging it for shipment. Laboratory equipment decontamination will be performed following the procedures outlined in the laboratory QAM (Attachment A of the QAPP) which are consistent with the Region IV ECBSOPQAM. The completed equipment checklist should be reviewed by the Field Team Leader . The calibration of meters will be performed in the laboratory prior to use in the field to ensure that the equipment is functioning properly and that adequate volume of standard solutions are included with the meters. Once in the field, the meters will be recalibrated. Section 3.4.2.1 of this document and Section 7.0 of the QAPP contain specific information regarding equipment calibration procedures. Assemble Necessary Forms The Field Team Leader will collect all forms and logbooks necessary for documentation of the sampling event. These forms include the following: 1. Field Logbook (see Section 5.2.1). 2. Chain-of-Custody Forms -For completion in the field and to accompany all samples collected (see Section 5.2.3) . Raleigh/FSP 179825-01 CB/OCC#R0499 8/93 5-2 CHESTER ENVIRONMENTAL • • • 3 . Analytical Request Sheet -Obtained from the Project Manager and is the basis for the Project Notes Sheet (see Section 5.2.2). 4. Field Data Sheets -Sampling data summary forms to be used during sampling and to accompany all samples collected (see Section 5.2.4). 5. Calibration Sheets -Documentation of pH and conductivity meters calibration (see Section 5.2.5). Upon collection of the required forms, the Technical Services supervisor will prepare the Project Notes Sheet and summary of the wells to be sampled, sampling methods to be used, analytical parameters, and any special considerations for the sampling event. The Project Notes Sheet serves as a written summary of the proposed sampling event so that the Project Manager, project hydrogeologist, data management personnel, and field sampling team have a common scope of work for the sampling event. Review Samplini: and OA/OC Procedures with Field Samplini: Team Prior to initiating field activities, the Technical Services supervisor, or his designee, will review all sampling considerations with the Field Sampling Team, including sampling requirements listed in the Region IV ECBSOPQAM. This will ensure that project goals and quality objectives are attained and the sampling event will be performed in the most cost-effective and appropriate manner possible. QA/QC samples are an integral part of a sampling event. Field duplicate samples, trip blanks field rinsate blanks, preservation blanks are required to provide quality control data to establish the integrity of the samples collected. These QA/QC samples include: 1. Field Duplicate Samples -Collection of field duplicate samples provides for the evaluation of laboratory performance by comparing the analytical results from two identical samples collected concurrently from the same location. Field duplicate samples are Ralcigh/FSP 179825--01 CB/DCC#R0499 8/93 5-3 CHESTER ENVIRONMENTAL • • • collected at a rate of one for every twenty samples (5% of total). and submitted to the laboratory as "blind samples" (i.e., no correlation of the original and duplicate sample on the Chain-of-Custody Form). 2. Equipment Blanks -Equipment rinsate blanks are collected to ensure that the sampling devices have been effectively cleaned (in the lab or field). A minimum of one rinsate blank for each day of sampling is required. 3. The performance of equipment blanks requires organic-free deionized water and one set of empty bottles. The bottles are to be identical to those provided for aqueous sample collection. At a field location in an area of potential contamination, the organic-free deionized water is passed from the full set of bottles through the sampling device(s) and into the empty bottles. Equipment blanks are to be preserved in the same manner as the samples, and must be analyzed for the same parameters collected that day . Material Blanks -Material blanks will be collected to ensure that the material used during well construction will not affect the analytical samples. The bentonite, grout mixture and sand pack samples (one each) will be sent for analysis for pentachlorophenol, during the beginning of the project. The number of these material blank samples may also increase if several "batches" of this material are used. The frequency and method of collection of the above samples should be specified to the analytical laboratory before going into the field. The specific Project Notes Sheet is to list project specific QA/QC blank information. The field QA program is intended to alleviate the influence of outside sources on the project specific analytical tests. These tests in addition to the tests referenced in Tables 2-2, 3-2, 3-3, 4-3, and 4-4 outline the type of blanks which will be submitted for analysis, the approximate number of samples which will be tested and the specific parameters of interest. Raleigh/FSP 179825-01 CB/DCC#R0499 8/93 5-4 CHESTER ENVIAONMENTAL • TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1.0 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................. 1-l 2.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION .................................................................................. 2-1 2.1 Introduction ................................................................................................ 2-1 2.2 Site Description .......................................................................................... 2-1 2.3 Site History ................................................................................................. 2-1 2.4 Target Compounds .................................................................................... 2-2 2.5 Data Use ..................................................................................................... 2-2 2.5.1 Level IV .......................................................................................... 2-3 2.5.2 Level III .......................................................................................... 2-3 2.5.3 Level 11 ............................................................................................ 2-3 2.5.4 Level I ............................................................................................. 2-3 2.6 Sampling Locations ................................................................................... 2-4 2.6.1 Soil Borings .................................................................................... 2-4 2.6.2 Sediment ......................................................................................... 2-4 2.6.3 Groundwater .................................................................................. 2-4 2.6.4 Surface Water ................................................................................ 2-5 • 2. 7 Schedule ...................................................................................................... 2-5 3.0 PROJECT ORGANIZATION AND RESPONSIBILI1Y ................................ 3-1 3.1 Project Team .............................................................................................. 3-1 3.1.1 Program Manager ......................................................................... 3-1 3.1.2 Principal-in-Charge ....................................................................... 3-1 3.1.3 Project Manager ............................................................................ 3-1 3.1.4 Project Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC) Supervisor .................................................................... 3-2 3. 1.5 Health and Safety Supervisor ...................................................... 3-2 3.1.6 Task Manager ................................................................................ 3-2 3.2 Subcontractors ............................................................................................ 3-2 4.0 QUALI1Y ASSURANCE (QA) OBJECTIVES FOR MEASUREMENT DATA ..................................................................................... 4-1 4.1 Precision ...................................................................................................... 4-1 4.1.1 Groundwater Level.. ..................................................................... 4-1 4.1.2 Temperature and pH .................................................................... 4-1 4.1.3 Conductivity ................................................................................... 4-l 4.1.4 Laboratory Analytical Measurements ....................................... 4-2 • Raleigh/QAPP 179285-01 CB/DCC#Q0032 8/93 -11 -CHESTER ENVIRONMENTAL • • • 5.0 TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Page 4.2 Accuracy ...................................................................................................... 4-2 4.2.1 Groundwater Level ....................................................................... 4-2 4.2.2 Temperature and pH .................................................................... 4-2 4.2.3 Conductivity ................................................................................... 4-2 4.2.4 Laboratory Analytical Measurements ....................................... 4-3 4.3 Completeness ............................................................................................. 4-3 4.3.1 Groundwater Level ....................................................................... 4-3 4.3.2 Temperature and pH .................................................................... 4-3 4.3.3 Conductivity ................................................................................... 4-3 4.3.4 Laboratory Analytical Measurements ....................................... 4-3 4.4 Representativeness and Comparability .................................................. 4-4 4.4.1 Groundwater Level ....................................................................... 4-4 4.4.2 Temperature and pH .................................................................... 4-4 4.4.3 Conductivity ................................................................................... 4-4 4.4.4 Laboratory Analytical Measurements ....................................... 4-4 SAMPLING PROCEDURES ............................................................................... 5-1 5.1 5.2 Sampling Program ..................................................................................... 5-1 Sample Locations ....................................................................................... 5-1 5.2.1 Field Measurements ..................................................................... 5-1 5.2.2 Soil ................................................................................................... 5-1 5.2.3 Sediment Samples ......................................................................... 5-1 5.2.4 Groundwater .................................................................................. 5-2 5.2.5 Surface Water Samples ................................................................ 5-2 5.3 Equipment and Preservation Blank Collection .................................... 5-2 5.3.1 Equipment Blank .......................................................................... 5-2 5.3.2 Material Blank ............................................................................... 5-3 5.4 Duplicate/Replicate Samples .................................................................. 5-3 5.4.1 Field Duplicate Samples .............................................................. 5-3 5.4.2 Laboratory Replicate Samples .................................................... 5-4 5.5 Containers, Preservation and Holding Times ....................................... 5-4 5.6 Chain-of-Custody Procedures .................................................................. 5-4 5.7 Sample Transportation and Storage ....................................................... 5-4 5.8 Prevention of Cross-Contamination ....................................................... 5-5 Raleigh/QAPP 179285-01 CB/DCC#Q0032 8/93 -lll -CHESTER ENVIRONMENTAL • TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Page 5.9 Documentation of Sampling Activities .................................................. 5-5 6.0 SAMPLE CUSTODY ............................................................................................ 6-1 6.1 Field Custody .............................................................................................. 6-1 6.2 Laboratory Custody ................................................................................... 6-2 6.3 Final Case File ........................................................................................... 6-3 7.0 CALIBRATION PROCEDURES AND FREQUENCY ................................... 7-1 7.1 Field Instruments ....................................................................................... 7-1 7.1.1 Portable Total Organic Vapor Monitor .................................... 7-1 7.1.2 Specific Conductance ................................................................... 7-2 7.1.3 pH .................................................................................................... 7-2 7.1.4 Temperature .................................................................................. 7-2 7.2 Laboratory Instruments ............................................................................ 7-3 8.0 ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES ........................................................................... 8-1 8.1 Field ............................................................................................................. 8-1 • 8.2 . Laboratory .................................................................................................. 8-1 9.0 INTERNAL QUALITY CONTROL (QC) CHECKS ....................................... 9-1 9.1 Field QC Checks ........................................................................................ 9-1 9 .1.1 Calibration ...................................................................................... 9-1 9.1.2 Equipment Blanks ......................................................................... 9-1 9.1.3 Field Duplicates and Laboratory Replicates ............................ 9-2 9.1.4 Spike Samples ................................................................................ 9-3 9.2 Laboratory QC Checks ............................................................................. 9-3 10.0 DATA REDUCTION, VALIDATION AND REPORTING ........................... 10-1 10.1 Data Reduction ........................................................................................ 10-1 10.1.1 Field ............................................................................................... 10-1 10.1.2 Office ............................................................................................. 10-1 10.1.3 Laboratory .................................................................................... 10-1 10.2 Data Validation ....................................................................................... 10-2 10.3 Identifying Outliers .................................................................................. 10-3 • Ralcigh/QAPP 179285--0! CB/DCC#Q0032 8/93 • IV· CHESTER ENVIRONMENTAL • TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Page 10.3.1 Field ............................................................................................... 10-3 10.3.2 Laboratory .................................................................................... 10-3 10.4 Data Reporting ........................................................................................ 10-3 10.4.1 Level IV ........................................................................................ 10-4 10.4.2 Level III ........................................................................................ 10-4 10.4.3 Levels I and 11.. ............................................................................ 10-6 11.0 PERFORMANCE AND SYSTEM AUDITS ................................................... 11-1 11.1 Field Audits .............................................................................................. 11-1 11.2 Office Audits ............................................................................................ 11-1 11.3 Laboratory Audits .................................................................................... 11-1 12.0 PREVENTATIVE MAINTENANCE ................................................................. 12-1 12.1 Field ........................................................................................................... 12-1 12.2 Laboratory ................................................................................................ 12-1 13.0 ASSESSING DATA PRECISION, ACCURACY AND COMPLETENESS ............................................................................................... 13-1 • 13.1 Precision .................................................................................................... 13-1 13.1.1 Water Level .................................................................................. 13-1 13.1.2 Temperature and pH ................................................................... 13-1 13.1.3 Conductivity .................................................................................. 13-1 13.1.4 Laboratory Analytical Measurements ...................................... 13-2 13.2 Accuracy .................................................................................................... 13-2 13.2.1 Water Level .................................................................................. 13-2 13.2.2 Temperature and pH ................................................................... 13-3 13.2.3 Conductivity .................................................................................. 13-3 13.2.4 Laboratory Analytical Measurements ...................................... 13-3 13.3 Completeness ........................................................................................... 13-3 13.3.1 Water Level .................................................................................. 13-4 13.3.2 Temperature and pH ................................................................... 13-4 13.3.3 Conductivity .................................................................................. 13-4 13.3.4 Laboratory Analytical Measurements ...................................... 13-4 14.0 CORRECTIVE ACTION ................................................................................... 14-1 14.1 Field Activities ......................................................................................... 14-1 • Ralcigh/QAPP 179285-01 CB/DCC#Q0032 8/93 - V -CHESTER ENVIAQNMENTAL • • • TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Page 14.2 Laboratory ................................................................................................ 14-2 15.0 QA REPORTS TO MANAGEMENT ................................................................ 15-1 16.0 REFERENCES .................................................................................................... 16-1 LIST OF ATTACHMENTS ATTACHMENT A Laboratory Quality Assurance Manual ATTACHMENT B Chester Environmental Standard Operating Procedures ATTACHMENT C EnSys Field Analyses Standard Operating Procedures LIST OF TABLES Table 2-1 Summary of Analyses ................................................................................ 2-6 Table 2-2 Summary of Data Quality Objectives ..................................................... 2-7 Table 4-1 Quality Assurance Objectives for Solid Samples .................................. 4-6 Table 4-2 Quality Assurance Objectives for Aqueous Samples ........................... 4-7 Table 5-1 Containers, Preservation and Holding Times for Solid Samples ....... 5-6 Table 5-2 Containers, Preservation and Holding Times for Aqueous Samples 5-7 Table 8-1 Methods for the Analysis of Soil/Sediment Samples .......................... 8-2 Table 8-2 Methods for the Analyses of Aqueous Samples ................................... 8-3 Table 11-1 Quality Assurance Audit Checklist.. ..................................................... 11-3 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 3-1 Project Organization Chart ...................................................................... 3-4 Figure 6-1 Chain of Custody Record ......................................................................... 6-4 Figure 14-1 Corrective Action Request.. ................................................................... 14-3 Ralcigh/QAPP !79285--01 CB/DCC#Q0032 8/93 ·VI· CHESTER ENVIRONMENTAL • • • 1.0 INTRODUCTION QAPP for Beazer East, Inc. · Section No: 1 Revision No: 1 Date: 8/93 Page 1 of 1 The purpose of the Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP) is to define and document the specifications and methods to be employed and to ensure the highest possible degree of technical accuracy and precision, statistical validity, and documentary compliance of data generated in the course of the Remedial Design at the Koppers Company, Inc. Superfund Site, Morrisville, North Carolina. The format of the document is in accordance with the EPA Technical Guidelines for Quality Assurance Project Plans (July 1988). Additional sources of information used in preparing this QAPP originated from Data Quality Objectives for Remedial Response Activities, March 1987, U.S. EPA, Region IV, Environmental Compliance Branch, Standard Operating Procedures and Quality Assurance Manual. February 1, 1991, (ECBSOPQAM) SW-846 Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Wastes, Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Methods of Soil Analysis . Raleigh/QAPP 179285--01 CB/DCC#Q0032 8/93 1 - 1 CHESTER ENVIRONMENTAL • • • QAPP for Beazer East, Inc. 4.2.4 Laboratory Analytical Measurements Section No: 4 Revision No: 1 Date: 8/93 Page 3 of 7 Accuracy objectives for all laboratory analytical measurements are defined m section xxx of the laboratory's QAM, attached as Attachment A. 4.3 Completeness Completeness is the measure of reliable data points verses the total number of data points generated. The completeness for field data will be calculated for each class of measurements taken ( e.g., water level, temperature, etc.). The completeness of laboratory data will be calculated per fraction per matrix ( e.g., water volatiles, soil metals, etc.). 4.3.1 Groundwater Level The objective for completeness is 90 percent. 4.3.2 Temperature and pH The completeness objective is 90 percent. 4.3.3 Conductivity The completeness objective is 90 percent. 4.3.4 Laboratory Analytical Measurements The completeness objective is routinely 95 percent. However, for highly impacted samples or matrices which present severe interferences a lower completeness objective may be appropriate. Unusual analyses for which approved methods do not exist and field conditions which render sampling impossible are both examples of Raleigh/QAPP 17928.5--01 CB/DCC#Q0032 8/93 4-3 CHESTER ENVIRONMENTAL • • • Phenolics Notes: QAPP for Beazer East, Inc. TABLE 4-1 QUALITY ASSURANCE OBJECTIVES FOR SOLID SAMPLES EPA 3550 EPA 8270 +/-35/A-XXX (1) Section No: 4 Revision No: 0 Date: 8/93 Page 6 of 7 95% (1) Page number refers to Laboratory QAM, Attachment A (to be submitted at least thirty (30) days before beginning analyses) . Raleigh/QA PP 179285--01 BB/DCC#Q0032 8/93 4-6 CHESTER ENVIRONMENTAL • • • QAPP for Beazer East, Inc. TABLE 4-2 QUALITY ASSURANCE OBJECTIVES FOR AQUEOUS SAMPLES Section No: 4 Revision No: 0 Date: 8/93 Page 7 of 7 Phenolics EPA 3520 EPA 8270 +/-20%/(p. A-XXX)(l) 95% PCDD/PCDF EPA 8290 +/-25/(p. 40/8290)(2) Notes: (1) Page number refers to laboratory QAM (to be submitted at least thirty (30) days before beginning analysis). (2) Page number refers to analytical method 8290 . Raleigh/QAPP 179285--01 BB/DCC#Q0032 8/93 4-7 95% CHESTER ENVIAONMENTAL • • • QAPP for Beazer East, Inc. TABLE 5-1 CONTAINERS, PRESERVATION AND HOLDING TIMES FOR SOLID SAMPLES Parameter Container Preservation Semi-volatiles 1 -8 oz. Widemouth Glass Bottle Cool, 4 Deg. C with Teflon-lined Cap PCDD/PCDF I - 8 oz. Widemouth Glass Cool, 4 Deg. C Bottle with Teflon-lined Cap Raleigh/QAPP 179285--01 CB/DCC#Q0032 8/93 5-6 Section No: 5 Revision No: 0 Date: 8/93 Page 6 of 7 Holding Time 14 days to extract; 40 days to analysis following extraction. 30 days to extraction; 45 days to analysis following extraction . CHESTER ENVIRONMENTAL • • QAPP for Beazer East, Inc. TABLE 5-2 CONTAINERS, PRESERVATION AND HOLDING TIMES FOR AQUEOUS SAMPLES Parameter Container Preservation Semi-volatiles I Gallon Amber Bottles with Cool, 4 Deg. C Teflon-lined Caps PCDD/PCDF 2 -liter Amber Glass Cool, 4 Deg. C Bottles with Teflon-lined Caps Raleigh/QAPP 179285--01 CB/DCC#Q0032 8/93 5-7 Section No: 5 Revision No: 0 Date: 8/93 Page 7 of 7 Holding Time 7 days to extract; 40 days to analyze following extraction. 30 days to extraction; 45 days to analysis following extraction. CHESTER ENVIRONMENTAL • • • 6.0 SAMPLE CUSTODY 6.1 Field Custody QAPP for Beazer East, Inc. Section No: 6 Revision No: 1 Date: 8/93 Page I of4 In accordance with the EPA Region IV ECBSOPQAM (Section 3.3.2), a sample will be considered to be in the custody of a person if it is in that person's actual possession, in that person's sight, after being in that person's physical possession, was in that person's physical possession and then is secured to prevent tampering, or placed in a designated secured area. The Chain-of-Custody will begin with the shipment of sample containers from the laboratory to the site. For all sampling, appropriately prepared containers and blank water will be shipped in custody-sealed containers with a Chain-of-Custody Form. An example of an acceptable Chain-of- Custody Form is provided in Figure 6-1. When overnight couriers are utilized, the airbill will become part of the Chain-of-Custody record. The receiver will verify that all chain-of-custody seals are intact. Any shipping containers that show evidence of tampering will be returned unused to the shipper. Any deviations from the original shipment documents will be noted on the Chain-of-Custody Form and the receiver will accept custody for all or part of the shipment by an exchange of signatures with the delivering agent. Containers will then be secured in an approved location accessible only to authorized personnel until they are needed in the field. When a sample has been taken in the field, the sampling technician will complete the Chain-of-Custody Form provided by the laboratory. The sample will be secured in a shipping container by the sampler and must remain in his or her possession until it is secured in an approved location accessible only to authorized personnel or until custody is transferred by an exchange of signatures to another person. Each sample container will be clearly identified using standard container labels. It is imperative that information on the Chain-of-Custody Form and the container label matches in every respect. The label is printed in color coded waterproof, self- adhesive stock. All labels in a set have the same ID No. Labels with the same ID No. will be used on the various bottles that usually constitute a single sample . Ralcigh/QAPP 1792&5-<ll CB/DCC#Q0032 8/93 6 - 1 CHESTER ENVIRONMENTAL • • • 7.0 QAPP for Beazer East, Inc. CALIBRATION PROCEDURES AND FREQUENCY 7.1 Field Instruments Section No: 7 Revision No: 1 Date: 8/93 Page 1 of3 A calibration program will be implemented to ensure that routine calibration is performed on all field instruments. Field team members familiar with the field calibration and operations of the equipment will maintain proficiency and perform the prescribed calibration procedures outlined in the Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) (Attachment B) or manufactures' instructions accompanying the respective instruments. Calibration records for each field instrument used on the project will be maintained in the contractor's project files. 7.1.1 Portable Total Organic Vapor Monitor Any vapor monitor used will undergo routine maintenance and calibration prior to shipment to the project site. Calibration and instrument checks will be performed by a trained team member each time the instrument is turned on. Calibrations will be performed according to the manufacturer's specifications and are to include the following: ■ Battery check -If the equipment fails the battery check, recharge the battery. ■ Gas standard -The gauge should display an accurate reading when a standard gas is used. ■ Cleaning -If proper calibration cannot be achieved, then the instrument ports must be cleaned . Ralcigh/QAPP 179285.01 CB/DCC#Q0032 8/93 7 - 1 CHESTER ENVIRONMENTAL • • • 8.0 ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES 8.1 Field QAPP for Beazer East, Inc. Section No: 8 Revision No: 1 Date: 8/93 Page 1 of 3 On-site procedures for analysis of temperature, pH, specific conductance are addressed in Section 3.0 of the Field Sampling Plan. 8.2 Laboratory Laboratory analytical procedures will be in accordance with the CLP SOW, SW-846, Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste, 40 CFR pt. 136, July 1, 1992 EPA 600/4- 79-020, and Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes. Specific analytical methods for constituents of interest in solids are listed in Table 8-1. Specific analytical methods for constituents in aqueous samples are listed in Table 8-2. The laboratory will maintain and have available for the appropriate operators SOPs relating to sample preparation and analysis according to the methods stipulated in the tables referenced above. Specific laboratory procedures are addressed in the Laboratory Quality Assurance Manual provided as Attachment A (which will be submitted at least thirty (30) days before beginning analysis) . Raleigh/QAPP 179285-01 CB/DCC#Q0032 8/93 8 - 1 CHESTER ENVIRONMENTAL • • • TABLE 8-1 QAPP for Beazer East, Inc. · Section No: 8 Revision No: 0 Date: 8/93 Page 2 of 3 METHODS FOR THE ANALYSIS OF SOIL/SEDIMENT SAMPLES Semi-volatiles Phenolics SW-846 Dioxins/Furans PCDDs/PCDFs SW-846 (sediments only) Notes: ""······•Aoa1jftica1·•· ·\ ··•••?c::0e1ectloii••·•·•?···· ·•II ~iili&i? •·••·•·• i:i@~;I J 3550 8270 8290 p. A-xxx (I) p. 1 (2) (1) Page number refers to Attachment "A" (to be submitted at least thirty (30). days before analysis). (2) Page number refers to analytical method . Raleigh/QAPP 179285-01 88/DCC#Q0032 8193 8-2 CHESTER ENVIAONMENTAL • • TABLE 8-2 QAPP for Beazer East, Inc. Section No: 8 Revision No: 0 Date: 8/93 Page 3 of 3 METHODS FOR THE ANALYSES OF AQUEOUS SAMPLES Semi-volatiles Phenolics Miscellaneous PCDDs/PCDFs Notes: SW-846 SW-846 3520 8270 8290 p. A-xxx (1) p. 1 (2) (1) Page number refers to Attachment "A" (to be submitted at least thirty (30) days before beginning analyses) . (2) Page number refers to analytical method. Raleigh/QAPP 179285-01 BB/DCC#Q0032 8193 8-3 CHESTER ENVIRONMENTAL • • • • QAPP for Beazer East, Inc. Section No: 9 Revision No: 1 Date: 8/93 Page2 of3 Holding Time -Holding times for individual parameters are dictated by the specific analytical method being used. Soil holding times will be applied to aqueous blanks associated with soil/sediment samples. The holding-time clock begins at the time of sample collection of the equipment blank. 9.1.3 Field Duplicates and Laboratory Replicates The collection of field duplicate or laboratory replicate samples provides for evaluation of the laboratory's performance by comparing analytical results of two samples of the same matrix from the same location. One duplicate or replicate sample will be collected for each analytical batch for each sample matrix sampled. If more than 20 samples of a single matrix are collected, then a frequency of one duplicate or replicate sample per 20 samples should be collected. Table 2-2, Summary of Data Quality Objectives, lists the expected number of field duplicate or laboratory replicate samples to be collected based on the proposed number of samples. The field duplicate samples will be assigned unique identification numbers so that they exist as blind samples to the laboratory. Solid Matrix Obtaining duplicate or replicate samples of a soil or sediment matrix requires homogenization of the sample aliquot prior to filling the sample containers. Homogenization of the sample for remaining parameters is necessary to generate two equally representative samples. Moisture content, particle size and absorption properties of various soils, sediments, and waste materials may inhibit the ability to achieve complete mixing prior to filling sample containers. The material will be composited by placing it in a stainless-steel bowl. The material will then be thoroughly mixed and transferred to the remaining containers using a stainless-steel . trowel, scoop or spoon . Ralcigh/QAPP !79285-01 CB/DCC#Q0032 8/93 9-2 CHESTER ENVIRONMENTAL QAPP for Beazer East, Inc. Section No: 16 Revision No: 1 Date: 8/93 • Page 1 ofl • • 16.0 REFERENCES American Society of Agronomy, Methods of Soil Analysis. Physical and Mineralogical Properties Including Statistics of Measurement and Sampling. Agronomy No. 9, Part 1, 1986. APHA, Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 17th Edition, 1989. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, 1992. U.S. EPA, Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes, EPA 600/4-79-020, Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH 1983. U.S. EPA, Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Wastes, Physical/Chemical Methods, SW846, Third Edition, including Revisions of the Proposed Update II, November 1990. U.S. EPA, Contract Laboratory Program. Statement of Work for Organics Analysis. Raleigh Multi-media, Multiconcentration, Document Number OLM 01.8, August 1991. 179285-01 CB/DCC#Q0032 8/93 16 - 1 CHESTER ENVIRONMENTAL • • • TABLE 2 I CONVENTIONAL PARAMETERS PARAMETER !;;QLLECTIQN VQLUME (ml} PRESERVATIVE HQLDIN!:, TIME acidity 300 cool to 4°C 14 days alkalinity 300 cool to 4°C 14 days ammoma 1000 HzSO4topH<2 28 days BOD5 1000 cool to 4°C 48 hours carbon (TOC) 250 1:1 HCL to pH<2 28 days chloride 300 cool to 4°C 28 days COD 100 H:!5O4 to pH<2 28 days coliform 100 cool to 4°C 6 hours color 100 cool to 4°C 48 hours cyanate 1000 H2SO4 to pH<2 28 days cyanide ( total) 1000 NaOH to pH> 12 14 days cyanide (free) 1000 NaOHtopH>l2 14 days cyanide (amenable) 1000 NaOHtopH>l2 14 days fluoride 300 cool to 4°C 28 days formaldehyde 40 cool to 4°C 48 hours hardness 300 HNO3topH<2 6 months iron ( +2) 150 2 drops cone H Cl 24 hours nitrate 100 H:!5O4 to pH <2 28 days nitrite 100 cool to 4°C 48 hours nitrogen (TKN) 100 H2SO4topH<2 28 days cool to 4°C oil and grease 1000 H2SO4 to pH <2 28 days cool to 4°C phenols 1000 H:!5O4topH<2 28 days cool to 4°C phosphorus 300 H:!5O4 to pH<2 28 days cool to 4°C solids, suspended 300 cool to 4°C 7 days solids, dissolved 300 cool to 4°C 7 days sulfate 600 cool to 4°C 28 days sulfide 500 NaOH to pH 9+Zn acetate 7 days sulfite 300 cool to 4°C immediately surfactants 1000 cool to 4°C 48 hours thiocyanate 150 NaOH to pH> 12 14 days thiosulfate 300 cool to 4°C 28 days TOX 250 cool to 4°C 7 days total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) 1000 1:1 HCL 28 days turbidity 100 cool to 4°C 48 hours a) All water samples will be contained in new glass containers with screw type lids, unless otherwise specified. b) c) d) • • TOC, TOX, and formaldehyde must be collected in 8 oz. glass jars with Teflon septa's. The sample should be taken with no head space. The 8 oz. jars and septa will be cleaned with non-phosphate soap and water, rinsed with distilled water and dried at 105°C for one hour. Soil samples should be in 32 oz. glass jars and stored at 4°C until analyzed. (Volume may be reduced depending on the analytes of interest.) NaHSO4 may be used for H2SO4 since the acid is formed upon the addition of water. Fluoride must be collected in plastic. Above procedures may be altered depending on Project-Specific Requirements . Raleigh CB/DCC,110004-0 8/93 CHESTER ENVIAONMENTAL • • • TABLE3 II METALS PARAMETER COLLECTION VOLUME PRESERVATIVE HOLDING TIME Chromium VI 400ml Cool to 4°C 24 hours Mercury 400 ml HNO3 to pH<2 28 days Metals a) b) c) • 600ml HNO3 to pH<2 6 months Dissolved metals must be filtered on site and require the same sample volumes as total metals. (Unless otherwise specified.) Soil samples must be at least 200 grams and require no preservation other than storing at 4°C until analyzed. Plastic containers will be used to collect water samples to be analyzed for metals. These containers will be cleaned using the following: New Container and lid, 1:1 nitric acid rinse, distilled water rinse, 1:1 hydrochloric acid rinse, distilled water rinse (three times) . Above procedures may be altered depending on Project-Specific Requirements . Raleigh BB/DCC#0004-0 8/93 CHESTER ENVIRONMENTAL • Ill ORGANICS PARAMETER volatile organics (8010, 8020) volatile organics (8240) acrolein & acrylonitrile (8030) TABLE4 COLLECTION VOLUME 2 40ml vials 3 40ml vials 2 40ml vials PRESERVATIVE 4 drops 1:1 HCl, cool to 4°C 4 drops 1:1 HCl, cool to 4'C 1:1 HCI cool to 4'C HOLDING TIME 14 days 14 days 14 days a) Soil samples should be collected in 4 oz. (120ml) widemouth glass jars with teflon lined lids and stored at 4'C until analysis. b) Cleaning procedures for volatile containers -wash vials and septa with non-phosphate soap and water and rinse with distilled water, dry at 105'C for one hour. PARAMETER Semivolatile organics (8040, 8060, 8070,) (8080, 8090, 8310,) (8110, 8120, 8140,) (8150,8270,8280) COLLECTION VOLUME 1/2 gallon amber 1 gallon for 1-20 sample a) Includes pesticides and herbicides. PRESERVATIVE cool to 4'C b) Phenols (8040) and P AHs (8310) can be analyzed from the same container. HOLDING TIME 7 days until extraction 40 days following extraction c) Soil samples should be collected in new 8 oz. widemouth glass jars with teflon lined lids. d) Cleaning procedure for semivolatile containers used to collect water samples: new container and teflon lined lid, rinse with pesticide grade isopropanol, dry with laboratory grade nitrogen. • Above procedures may be altered depending on Project Specific Requirements. Raleigh BB/DCC#O0040 8/93 CHESTER ENVIRONMENTAL • • • 4 Cary Lake Trojan (1 WAKE ~ 3 l -: :i;: ~!!,I fS., ottJiCarolin Unive ·:~\? en '-;;J 'I!. 9 3 , Leesville ..... 4 A RALEIGH Figure 9-1· Directions to Rex Hospital 4 ,., .. 0 c-. I 0 g • • APPENDIX A.2 QUALI1Y ASSURANCE PROJECT PLAN KOPPERS SUPERFUND SITE MORRISVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA • • • 1.0 2.0 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................. 1-1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION .................................................................................. 2-1 2.1 Introduction ................................................................................................ 2-1 2.2 Site Description .......................................................................................... 2-1 2.3 Site History ................................................................................................. 2-1 2.4 Target Compounds .................................................................................... 2-2 2.5 Data Use ..................................................................................................... 2-2 2.5.1 Level IV .......................................................................................... 2-3 2.5.2 Level III .......................................................................................... 2-3 2.5.3 Level II ............................................................................................ 2-3 2.5.4 Level I ............................................................................................. 2-3 2.6 Sampling Locations ................................................................................... 2-4 2.6.1 Soil Borings .................................................................................... 2-4 2.6.2 Sediment ......................................................................................... 2-4 2.6.3 Groundwater .................................................................................. 2-4 2.6.4 Surface Water ................................................................................ 2-5 2. 7 Schedule ...................................................................................................... 2-5 3.0 PROJECT ORGANIZATION AND RESPONSIBILITY ................................ 3-1 3.1 Project Team .............................................................................................. 3-1 3.1.1 Program Manager ......................................................................... 3-1 3.1.2 Principal-in-Charge ....................................................................... 3-1 3.1.3 Project Manager ............................................................................ 3-1 3.1.4 Project Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC) Supervisor .................................................................... 3-2 3. 1.5 Health and Safety Supervisor. ..................................................... 3-2 3.1.6 Task Manager ................................................................................ 3-2 3.2 Subcontractors ............................................................................................ 3-2 4.0 QUALITY ASSURANCE (QA) OBJECTIVES FOR MEASUREMENT DATA ..................................................................................... 4-1 4.1 Precision ...................................................................................................... 4-1 4.1.1 Groundwater Level ....................................................................... 4-1 4.1.2 Temperature and pH .................................................................... 4-1 4.1.3 Conductivity ................................................................................... 4-1 4.1.4 Laboratory Analytical Measurements ....................................... 4-2 Rate;gh/QAPP 179285-01 CB/DCC#Q0032 8/93 -II -CHESTER ENVIAONMENTAL • • • 5.0 TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Page 4.2 Accuracy ...................................................................................................... 4-2 4.2.1 Groundwater Level ....................................................................... 4-2 4.2.2 Temperature and pH .................................................................... 4-2 4.2.3 Conductivity ................................................................................... 4-2 4.2.4 Laboratory Analytical Measurements ....................................... 4-3 4.3 Completeness ............................................................................................. 4-3 4.3.1 Groundwater Level ....................................................................... 4-3 4.3.2 Temperature and pH .................................................................... 4-3 4.3.3 Conductivity ................................................................................... 4-3 4.3.4 Laboratory Analytical Measurements ....................................... 4-3 4.4 Representativeness and Comparability .................................................. 4-4 4.4.1 Groundwater Level ....................................................................... 4-4 4.4.2 Temperature and pH .................................................................... 4-4 4.4.3 Conductivity ................................................................................... 4-4 4.4.4 Laboratory Analytical Measurements ....................................... 4-4 SAMPLING PROCEDURES ............................................................................... 5-1 5.1 5.2 Sampling Pro~ram ..................................................................................... 5-1 Sample Locat10ns ....................................................................................... 5-1 5.2.1 Field Measurements ..................................................................... 5-1 5.2.2 Soil ................................................................................................... 5-1 5.2.3 Sediment Samples ......................................................................... 5-1 5.2.4 Groundwater .................................................................................. 5-2 5.2.5 Surface Water Samples ................................................................ 5-2 5.3 Equipment and Preservation Blank Collection .................................... 5-2 5.3.1 Equipment Blank .......................................................................... 5-2 5.3.2 Material Blank ............................................................................... 5-3 5.4 Duplicate/Replicate Samples .................................................................. 5-3 5.4.1 Field Duplicate Samples .............................................................. 5-3 5.4.2 Laboratory Replicate Samples .................................................... 5-4 5.5 Containers, Preservation and Holding Times ....................................... 5-4 5.6 Chain-of-Custody Procedures .................................................................. 5-4 5. 7 Sample Transportation and Storage ....................................................... 5-4 5.8 Prevention of Cross-Contamination ....................................................... 5-5 Raleigh/QAPP 179285-01 CB/DCC#Q0032 8/93 -lll -CHESTER ENVIRONMENTAL TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) • Page 5.9 Documentation of Sampling Activities .................................................. 5-5 6.0 SAMPLE CUSTODY ............................................................................................ 6-1 6.1 Field Custody .............................................................................................. 6-1 6.2 Laboratory Custody ................................................................................... 6-2 6.3 Final Case File ........................................................................................... 6-3 7.0 CALIBRATION PROCEDURES AND FREQUENCY ................................... 7-1 7.1 Field Instruments ....................................................................................... 7-1 7.1.1 Portable Total Organic Vapor Monitor .................................... 7-1 7.1.2 Specific Conductance ................................................................... 7-2 7.1.3 pH .................................................................................................... 7-2 7.1.4 Temperature .................................................................................. 7-2 7.2 Laboratory Instruments ............................................................................ 7-3 8.0 ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES ........................................................................... 8-1 8.1 Field ............................................................................................................. 8-1 • 8.2 Laboratory .................................................................................................. 8-1 9.0 INTERNAL QUALITY CONTROL (QC) CHECKS ....................................... 9-1 9.1 Field QC Checks ........................................................................................ 9-1 9.1.1 Calibration ...................................................................................... 9-1 9.1.2 Equipment Blanks ......................................................................... 9-1 9.1.3 Field Duplicates and Laboratory Replicates ............................ 9-2 9.1.4 Spike Samples ................................................................................ 9-3 9.2 Laboratory QC Checks ............................................................................. 9-3 10.0 DATA REDUCTION, VALIDATION AND REPORTING ........................... 10-1 10.1 Data Reduction ........................................................................................ 10-1 10.1.1 .Field ............................................................................................... 10-1 10.1.2 Office ............................................................................................. 10-1 10.1.3 Laboratory .................................................................................... 10-1 10.2 Data Validation ....................................................................................... 10-2 10.3 Identifying Outliers .................................................................................. 10-3 • Rate;gh/QAPP 179285-01 CB/DCC#Q0032 8/93 -IV -CHESTER ENVIRONMENTAL • TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Page 10.3.1 Field ............................................................................................... 10-3 10.3.2 Laboratory .................................................................................... 10-3 10.4 Data Reporting ........................................................................................ 10-3 10.4.1 Level IV ........................................................................................ 10-4 10.4.2 Level III ........................................................................................ 10-4 10.4.3 Levels I and II .............................................................................. 10-6 11.0 PERFORMANCE AND SYSTEM AUDITS ................................................... 11-1 11.1 Field Audits .............................................................................................. 11-1 11.2 Office Audits ............................................................................................ 11-1 11.3 Laboratory Audits .................................................................................... 11-1 12.0 PREVENTATIVE MAINTENANCE ................................................................. 12-1 12.1 Field ........................................................................................................... 12-1 12.2 Laboratory ................................................................................................ 12-1 13.0 ASSESSING DATA PRECISION, ACCURACY AND COMPLETENESS ............................................................................................... 13-1 • 13.1 Precision .................................................................................................... 13-1 13.1.1 Water Level .................................................................................. 13-1 13.1.2 Temperature and pH ................................................................... 13-1 13.1.3 Conductivity .................................................................................. 13-1 13.1.4 Laboratory Analytical Measurements ...................................... 13-2 13.2 Accuracy .................................................................................................... 13-2 13.2.1 Water Level .................................................................................. 13-2 13.2.2 Temperature and pH ................................................................... 13-3 13.2.3 Conductivity .................................................................................. 13-3 13.2.4 Laboratory Analytical Measurements ...................................... 13-3 13.3 Completeness ........................................................................................... 13-3 13.3.1 Water Level .................................................................................. 13-4 13.3.2 Temperature and pH ................................................................... 13-4 13.3.3 Conductivity .................................................................................. 13-4 13.3.4 Laboratory Analytical Measurements ...................................... 13-4 14.0 CORRECTIVE ACTION ................................................................................... 14-1 14.1 Field Activities ......................................................................................... 14-1 • Ralcigh/QAPP 179285.01 CB/DCC#Q0032 8/93 -v-CHESTER ENVIRONMENTAL • • • TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Page 14.2 Laboratory ................................................................................................ 14-2 15.0 QA REPORTS TO MANAGEMENT ................................................................ 15-1 16.0 REFERENCES .................................................................................................... 16-1 LIST OF ATTACHMENTS ATTACHMENT A Laboratory Quality Assurance Manual ATTACHMENT B Chester Environmental Standard Operating Procedures ATTACHMENT C EnSys Field Analyses Standard Operating Procedures LIST OF TABLES Table 2-1 Summary of Analyses ................................................................................ 2-6 Table 2-2 Summary of Data Quality Objectives ..................................................... 2-7 Table 4-1 Quality Assurance Objectives for Solid Samples .................................. 4-6 Table 4-2 Quality Assurance Objectives for Aqueous Samples ........................... 4-7 Table 5-1 Containers, Preservation and Holding Times for Solid Samples ....... 5-6 Table 5-2 Containers, Preservation and Holding Times for Aqueous Samples 5-7 Table 8-1 Methods for the Analysis of Soil/Sediment Samples .......................... 8-2 Table 8-2 Methods for the Analyses of Aqueous Samples ................................... 8-3 Table 11-1 Quality Assurance Audit Checklist.. ..................................................... 11-3 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 3-1 Project Organization Chart ...................................................................... 3-4 Figure 6-1 Chain of Custody Record ......................................................................... 6-4 Figure 14-1 Corrective Action Request.. ................................................................... 14-3 Ralcigh/QAPP 179285-01 CB/DCC#Q0032 8/93 -VI -CHESTER ENVIRONMENTAL • QAPP for Beazer East, Inc. Section No: 3 Revision No: 0 Date: 6/93 Page 1 of4 3.0 PROJECT ORGANIZATION AND RESPONSIBILI1Y 3.1 Project Team As shown in Figure 3-1, Project Organization, project responsibilities within the primary contractor will proceed from the Program Manager to the Project Manager and principle investigators. 3.1.1 Program Manager Overall legal responsibility for the project resides with the Beazer Program Manager, Ms. Shannon Craig. Ms. Craig has over 14 years of experience in management of environmental work sites, including management of hazardous waste and environmental engineering activities. 3.1.2 Principal-In-Charge The Principal-in-Charge has overall responsibility for ensuring the client's satisfaction and proper completion of the agreed-upon scope of work. In this capacity, the Principal-in-Charge ensures that the Project Manager receives all necessary corporate and technical support. The Principal-in-Charge is also the client's advocate and assists in resolving any technical, contractual, financial, or scheduling problems that cannot be resolved through the normal client/project manager relationship. 3.1.3 Project Manager The Project Manager coordinates and manages the day-to-day technical aspects of the project and project team activities. The Project Manager also is responsible for the day-to-day management and tracking of the project schedule and budget. Other responsibilities include coordination with subcontractors, coordination and preparation of required reports and assignment of technical responsibilities to Ralcigh/QAPP 1 =1 CB/DCC#Q0032 6/93 3 - 1 CHESTER ENVIRONMENTAL QAPP for Beazer East, Inc. Section No: 3 Revision No: 0 Date: 6/93 Page 2 of 4 appropriate Principle Investigators. Administrative support activities are under the Project Manager's supervision. 3.1.4 Project Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC) Supervisor The Project QA/QC Supervisor is responsible for all QA and QC aspects of the program. It is the QA/QC Supervisor's responsibility to assure that all required QA/QC protocols are met in the field, office and laboratory. The QA/QC Supervisor reports to the Project Director on all issues that are related to the project. 3.1.5 Health and Safety Supervisor The Health and Safety Supervisor is responsible for the development and implementation of the Site, Safety, and Health Plan, as well as many other health or safety considerations that might arise. The Health and Safety Supervisor reports directly to the Project Manager on issues related to the program. 3.1.6 Task Managers The Project Manager will assign technical responsibility to, and obtain assistance from Task Manager. Each Task Manager is in charge of technical work in his or her discipline areas. As specialists in their respective fields, they are assigned responsibility for the performance of the field activities, analysis of data, performance of detailed assignments, and preparation of reports. 3.2 Subcontractors The off-site laboratory's name will be submitted at least thirty (30) days before beginning analyses. The laboratory's Manager will report to the Principle Investigator assigned to oversee the analytical aspects of the program. The Ralcigh/QAPP 179285-01 CB/DCC#Q0032 6/93 3-2 CHESTER ENVIRONMENTAL QAPP for Beazer East, Inc. Section No: 3 Revision No: 0 Date: 6/93 Page3 of4 laboratory's Quality Assurance Coordinator will report to the Project QA/QC Supervisor regarding matters of data quality. Raleigh/QAPP !79285.01 CB/DCC#Q0032 6/93 3-3 CHESTER ENVIRONMENTAL FIGURE 3-1 GAPP FOR BEAZER EAST. INC. PRO~ECT ORGANIZATION CHART SECTION NO: 3 REVISION NO: 0 DATE: 6/93 PAGE: 4 OF 4 ilEAZER EAST, INC. EPA STATE AGENCY PROGRAM MANAGER REGION IV CHESTER ENVIRONMENTAL PRINCIPAL-IN-CHARGE CHESTER ENVIRONMENTAL PROJECT MANAGER CHESTER ENVIRONMENTAL CHESTER ENVIRONMENTAL QA OFFICER HEALTH & SAFETY MANAGER I I CHESTER ENVIRONMENTAL CHESTER ENVIRONMENTAL CHESTER ENVIRONMENTAL TASK MANAGER TASK MANAGER TASK MANAGER SOILS GROUNDWARE SEDIMENTS/SURFACE WATERS i -'A CHESTER ~ ENVIRONMENTAL ' i J Cf?!J5BB I • • QAPP for Beazer East, Inc. Section No: 4 Revision No: 0 Date: 6/93 Page2 of7 4.1.4 Laboratory Analytical Measurements Precision objectives for all laboratory analytical measurements are defined in of the Laboratory Quality Assurance Manual (QAM), attached as Attachment A (to be submitted at least thirty days before beginning analysis). 4.2 Accuracy Accuracy is the degree of conformity of a generated value to the true value. The accuracy of field measurements is generally limited to the sensitivity of the instruments used. The accuracy of laboratory measurements will be evaluated through the data validation process (see Section 10.0). 4.2.1 Groundwater Level The accuracy of water level measurements is limited by the sensitivity of the measuring instrument. The electric tape to be used must have a sensitivity of + /- 0.01 foot. 4.2.2 Temperature and pH The accuracy of these indicator measurements will be limited to the sensitivity of the measuring device as follows: temperature to + /-l°C and pH to + /-1.0 standard unit. 4.2.3 Conductivity The accuracy of this indicator measurement will be limited to the sensitivity of the measuring device and no less than + /-2 umhos. Raleigh/QAPP 179285-01 BB/DCC#Q0032 6/93 4-2 CHESTER ENVIRONMENTAL • • • QAPP for Beazer East, Inc. 4.2.4 Laboratory Analytical Measurements Section No: 4 Revision No: 1 Date: 8/93 Page 3 of 7 Accuracy objectives for all laboratory analytical measurements are defined m section xxx of the laboratory's QAM, attached as Attachment A. 4,3 Completeness Completeness is the measure of reliable data points verses the total number of data points generated. The completeness for field data will be calculated for each class of measurements taken (e.g., water level, temperature, etc.). The completeness of laboratory data will be calculated per fraction per matrix ( e.g., water volatiles, soil metals, etc.). 4.3.1 Groundwater Level The objective for completeness is 90 percent. 4.3.2 Temperature and pH The completeness objective is 90 percent. 4.3.3 Conductivity The completeness objective is 90 percent. 4.3.4 Laboratory Analytical Measurements The completeness objective is routinely 95 percent. However, for highly impacted samples or matrices which present severe interferences a lower completeness objective may be appropriate. Unusual analyses for which approved methods do not exist and field conditions which render sampling impossible are both examples of Raleigh/QAPP 179285-01 CB/DCC#Q0032 8/93 4-3 CHESTER ENVIRONMENTAL • • • Phenolics Notes: QAPP for Beazer East, Inc. TABLE 4-1 QUALITY ASSURANCE OBJECTIVES FOR SOLID SAMPLES EPA 3550 EPA 8270 +/-35/A-XXX (I) Section No: 4 Revision No: 0 Date: 8/93 Page 6 of 7 95% (I) Page number refers to Laboratory QAM, Attachment A (to be submitted at least thirty (30) days before beginning analyses) . Raleigh/QAPP 179285-01 BB/DCC#Q0032 8193 4 - 6 CHESTER ENVIRONMENTAL • • QAPP for Beazer East, Inc. TABLE 4-2 QUALITY ASSURANCE OBJECTIVES FOR AQUEOUS SAMPLES Section No: 4 Revision No: 0 Date: 8/93 Page 7 of 7 Phenolics EPA 3520 EPA 8270 +/-20%/(p. A-XXX)(l) 95% PCDD/PCDF EPA 8290 +/-25/(p. 40/8290)(2) Notes: ( 1) Page number refers to laboratory QAM (to be submitted at least thirty (30) days before beginning analysis). (2) Page number refers to analytical method 8290. Raleigh/QAPP 179285-01 BBIDCC#Q0032 8193 4-7 95% CHESTER ENVIA□NMENTAL • • 5.0 SAMPLING PROCEDURES 5.1 Sampling Program QAPP for Beazer East, Inc. Section No: 5 Revision No: 0 Date: 6/93 Page 1 of7 In general terms, all sampling locations will be chosen in order to confirm previous results. 5.2 Sample Locations 5.2.1 Field Measurements Environmental field measurements will be taken as required in the field sampling SOPs and at the point of sampling. Health and safety field measurements will be adhered to as specified in the site Health and Safety Plan. 5.2.2 Soil The surface and subsurface samples will be collected to provide data that will ( 1) allow delineation of excavation limits prior to remedial design, and (2) obtain geotechnical data to support development of the RD. Soil borings will be collected from two distinct sample areas. Sample Area 1 includes the area of the former lagoons, and Sample Area 2 comprises the former Cellon process area and the former locations of process equipment including the retort cylinder, drip track, and sand filter. A square grid system will be established within each sample area. Twelve (12) soil locations within Sample Area 1 and twenty-five (25) soil locations within Sample Area 2 will be collected at the intersecting points of the grid. 5.2.3 Sediment Samples The additional sediment sampling points are required to confirm the RI sediment analytical results. Sampling points are situated within the Fire Pond, Medlin Pond, the Fire Pond Outflow Ditch, and the Western Ditch. Raleigh/QAPP 179285--01 CB/DCC#Q0032 6/93 5 - 1 CHESTER ENVIRONMENTAL • • QAPP for Beazer East, Inc. 5.2.4 Groundwater Section No: 5 Revision No: 0 Date: 6/93 Page 2 of7 The groundwater samples will be collected from RI monitoring wells and selected domestic wells to (1) delineate the horizontal and vertical nature and extent of constituents in groundwater southeast of the site, (2) confirm the groundwater quality at the site as determined during the RI, and (3) determine constituent levels in select domestic wells located near the site. The groundwater sampling will be conducted at the forty-eight (48) monitoring wells and pumping well PW-1 installed during the RI and eight (8) off-site domestic wells. In addition, four ( 4) new groundwater monitoring wells will be installed and sampled. 5.2.5 Surface Water Samples The surface water sampling and analysis results will be used for incorporation into the design of the mobile surface water treatment system and to confirm the RI surface water analytical results. Sampling points are situated within the Fire Pond and Medlin Pond. 5.3 Equipment and Preservation Blank Collection 5.3.1 Equipment Blank The equipment blank is collected by passing laboratory-demonstrated analyte-free water through clean sample equipment and then placing the water in an empty sample container for analysis. The equipment should have been decontaminated before hand using the procedures described in the SO Ps. The transfer should occur in the field location with the highest potential for contamination. The following procedures will be followed for equipment blanks: Ralcigh/QAPP 179285.01 CB/DCC#Q0032 6/93 5-2 CHESTER ENVIRONMENTAL QAPP for Beazer East, Inc. Section No: 5 Revision No: 0 Date: 6/93 Page 3 of 7 ■ Equipment blanks will be collected at a frequency of one per day, or one for every 20 investigative samples, whichever is fewer. ■ At least one equipment blank will be collected for the sampling event per matrix sampled. ■ One equipment blank will be collected for each matrix during the sampling event and will be analyzed for the same parameters as the environmental samples. Equipment blanks will not be analyzed for parameters related to conventional or geotechnical analyses. ■ Once a shuttle has been opened and inspected, the equipment blank water or sand will be cooled to 4°C to preserve the blank. 5.3.2 Material Blank One sample of each of the following materials will be submitted for pentachlorophenol analysis at the beginning of the project: bentonite, grout mixture, and sand pack. 5.4 Duplicate/Replicate Samples 5.4.1 Field Duplicate Samples Field duplicate samples will be collected. One field duplicate sample will be collected per analytical batch. The field duplicate samples will be analyzed for the same parameters as the field samples to which they are associated. Each field duplicate sample will be assigned a unique number in the field such that all duplicate samples are blind to the laboratory. Ralcigh/QAPP 1792&5--0I CB/DCC#Q0032 6/93 5-3 CHESTER ENVIAONMENTAL • • 5.4.2 Laboratory Replicate Samples QAPP for Beazer East, Inc. Section No: 5 Revision No: 0 Date: 6/93 Page 4of7 The laboratory replicate sample will have the same identification number as the original field sample, with the addition of matrix spike (MS) and matrix spike duplicate (MSD) on the bottles. For example, the containers for a water may be marked "MW-01", "MW-OlMS" and "MW,QlMSD" (see Section 9.1.4). 5.5 Containers, Preservation and Holding Times The containers to be used, the preservation techniques to be employed and the applicable holding times for solid samples are presented in Table 5-1. The containers to be used, the preservation technique to be employed and the applicable holding times for aqueous samples are presented in Table 5-2. 5.6 Chain-of-Custody Procedures Chain-of-Custody Procedures are presented in Section 6.0, Sample Custody. 5.7 Sample Transportation and Storage The sample containers will be shipped from the laboratory to the field. After filling the sample containers, the containers will be packed in ice and shipped via overnight courier to the laboratory. Precautions will be taken whenever glassware is transported to minimize the possibility of breakage. A temperature vial consisting of analyte-free water will be shipped with the samples from the field to the laboratory. Upon the arrival of the field samples at the laboratory, the temperature of the water inside the temperature vial will be checked and the temperature noted . on the chain of custody. The laboratory will be prepared to receive any shipments of samples during weekends. Ralcigh/QAPP 179285-01 CB/DCC#Q0032 6/93 5-4 CHESTER ENVIRONMENTAL • 5.8 Prevention of Cross-Contamination QAPP for Beazer East, Inc. Section No: 5 Revision No: 0 Date: 6/93 Page 5 of7 Cross-contamination of field samples will be prevented through the use of dedicated equipment and/or decontamination procedures. Wherever possible, samples will be collected using equipment dedicated to the sampling location or equipment which is disposable. Where dedicated equipment is unavailable or impractical, decontamination procedures will be used in accordance with the EPA Region IV Standard Operating Procedures ahd Quality Assurance Manual (SOPQAM), the SOPs provided in Attachment B of the QAPP and Section 3.0 of the Field Sampling Plan. 5.9 Documentation of Sampling Activities Proper documentation of all activities at the Morrisville Site will be made by field staff. Water-resistant field log books will be maintained to record pertinent information at each sample location. Information recorded in thesis books will include name and location of site, date and time of arrival and departure, name of person keeping the log, names of all on-site personnel, purpose of visit, location of sampling points, field instrument calibration information, number of samples collected, matrix of sample and volume of samples taken, method of sample collection and any factors that may affect the quality of the data collected, sample identification numbers using unique sample labels, weather conditions during the previous 48 hours and any other observations deemed pertinent. Raleigh/QAPP 179285--01 CB/DCC#Q0032 6/93 5-5 CHESTER ENVIAONMENTAL • • • 6.0 SAMPLE CUSTODY 6.1 Field Custody QAPP for Beazer East, Inc. Section No: 6 Revision No: 1 Date: 8/93 Page 1 of 4 In accordance with the EPA Region IV ECBSOPQAM (Section 3.3.2), a sample will be considered to be in the custody of a person if it is in that person's actual possession, in that person's sight, after being in that person's physical possession, was in that person's physical possession and then is secured to prevent tampering, or placed in a designated secured area. The Chain-of-Custody will begin with the shipment of sample containers from the laboratory to the site. For all sampling, appropriately prepared containers and blank water will be shipped in custody-sealed containers with a Chain-of-Custody Form. An example of an acceptable Chain-of- Custody Form is provided in Figure 6-1. When overnight couriers are utilized, the airbill will become part of the Chain-of-Custody record. The receiver will verify that all chain-of-custody seals are intact. Any shipping containers that show evidence of tampering will be returned unused to the shipper. Any deviations from the original shipment documents will be noted on the Chain-of-Custody Form and the receiver will accept custody for all or part of the shipment by an exchange of signatures with the delivering agent. Containers will then be secured in an approved location accessible only to authorized personnel until they are needed in the field. When a sample has been taken in the field, the sampling technician will complete the Chain-of-Custody Form provided by the laboratory. The sample will be secured in a shipping container by the sampler and must remain in his or her possession until it is secured in an approved location accessible only to authorized personnel or until custody is transferred by an exchange of signatures to another person. Each sample container will be clearly identified using standard container labels. It is imperative that information on the Chain-of-Custody Form and the container label matches in every respect. The label is printed in color coded waterproof, self- adhesive stock. All labels in a set have the same ID No. Labels with the same ID No. will be used on the various bottles that usually constitute a single sample . Raleigh/QAPP 179285-01 CB/DCC#Q0032 8/93 6 - 1 CHESTER ENVIRONMENTAL • • QAPP for Beazer East, Inc. Section No: 6 Revision No: 0 Date: 6/93 Page2 of4 Following are definitions for some of the terms on the labels: ■ ID No. • Site This field consists of a four to seven alphanumeric code and the date. All labels in a set have the same ID No. The label set will be applied to each bottle within one sample and to the corresponding forms or notebooks. The purpose of the ID No. is to provide a single, unique identifier to distinguish the sample from all others and to simplify data management. Because the ID No. is dependent on the sample sequence number, if two or more sampling crews are used to collect samples on the same day, each crew should be given a range of sequence numbers to use for that date so that unique ID Nos. are maintained. The site is the name of the overall area from which the sample was taken. It is the largest area of concern in a project (i.e., it is the name used for the area of the entire project). A single name or abbreviation will be used by samplers. 6.2 Laboratory Custody Transfer of custody to the analytical laboratory and sample custody within the laboratory are addressed in Section 6.0 of the laboratory's QAM Attachment A (to be submitted at least thirty (30) days before beginning analysis). Upon completion of analysis, samples will be maintained at the laboratory under chain-of-custody for a period of six months. Thereafter, all remaining samples will be released for proper disposal. Ralcigh/QAPP 1792&5--0l CB/DCC#Q0032 6/93 6-2 CHESTER ENVIRONMENTAL 6.3 Final Case File QAPP for Beazer East, Inc. Section No: 6 Revision No: 0 Date: 6/93 Page 3 of 4 At a minimum, the following documents will be retained upon the completion of the project for the final case file: ■ All administrative reports including proposals; purchase orders, billing documents and schedules; ■ All legal documents and orders; ■ All field documents including those used for preliminary field activities; ■ Copies of all analytical data; ■ Copies of the final report and background documents; ■ All correspondence relating to the project as well as corrective action requests (see Section 14.0); and ■ All telephone logs. Ralcigh/QAPP 179285--01 CB/DCC#Q0032 6/93 6-3 CHESTER ENVIAONMENTAL • • ■ QAPP for Beazer East, Inc. Section No: 7 Revision No: 0 Date: 6/93 Page 3 of 3 If a NBS-certified prec!Slon thermometer is not available, the operator will verify that the measuring device was checked as above within the last year. If not, the operator will obtain a measuring device which has been recently checked as above. 7.2 Laboratory Instruments Laboratory calibration procedures are addressed in detail in the Laboratory Quality Assurance Manual provided as Attachment A (which will be submitted at least thirty (30) days before beginning analyses). All calibration procedures will be consistent with the method used for analysis . Raleigh/QAPP 179285-01 BB/DCC#Q0032 6/93 7-3 CHESTER ENVl~ONMENTAL • • • 8.0 ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES 8.1 Field QAPP for Beazer East, Inc. Section No: 8 Revision No: 1 Date: 8/93 Page 1 of3 On-site procedures for analysis of temperature, pH, specific conductance are addressed in Section 3.0 of the Field Sampling Plan. 8.2 Laboratory Laboratory analytical procedures will be in accordance with the CLP SOW, SW-846, Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste, 40 CFR pt. 136, July 1, 1992 EPA 600/4- 79-020, and Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes. Specific analytical methods for constituents of interest in solids are listed in Table 8-1. Specific analytical methods for constituents in aqueous samples are listed in Table 8-2. The laboratory will maintain and have available for the appropriate operators SOPs relating to sample preparation and analysis according to the methods stipulated in the tables referenced above. Specific laboratory procedures are addressed in the Laboratory Quality Assurance Manual provided as Attachment A (which will be submitted at least thirty (30) days before beginning analysis) . Ralcigh/QAPP 179285--01 CB/DCC#Q0032 8/93 8 - 1 CHESTER ENVIRONMENTAL • • • TABLE 8-1 QAPP for Beazer East, Inc. Section No: 8 Revision No: 0 Date: 8/93 Page 2 of 3 METHODS FOR THE ANALYSIS OF SOIL/SEDIMENT SAMPLES Semi-volatiles Phenolics SW-846 Dioxins/Furans PCDDs/PCDFs SW-846 (sediments only) Notes: ·•······· ABa1yti2a.1 t••••• ··••• : 0e1ecti&nr n•• M'ftlicitl . I ••• 1 ii@l&i I t• 3550 8270 8290 p. A-xxx (1) p. 1 (2) ( 1) Page number refers to Attachment "A" (to be submitted at least thirty (30). days before analysis). (2) Page number refers to analytical method . Raleigh/QAPP 179285-01 BB/DCC#Q0032 8/93 8-2 CHESTER ENVIRONMENTAL • • • TABLE 8-2 QAPP for Beazer East, Inc. Section No: 8 Revision No: 0 Date: 8/93 Page 3 of 3 METHODS FOR THE ANALYSES OF AQUEOUS SAMPLES Semi-volatiles Phenolics Miscellaneous PCDDs/PCDFs Notes: SW-846 SW-846 3520 8270 8290 p. A-xxx (1) p. 1 (2) (1) Page number refers to Attachment "A" (to be submitted at least thirty (30) days before beginning analyses) . (2) Page number refers to analytical method . Raleigh/QAPP 179285-01 BBIDCC#Q0032 8193 8 - 3 CHESTER ENVtAONMENTAL Aqueous Matrix QAPP for Beazer East, Inc. Section No: 9 Revision No: 0 Date: 6/93 Page 3 of 3 Field duplicates or laboratory replicates of aqueous samples will be obtained by alternately filling sample containers from the sampling device for each parameter. 9.1.4 Spike Samples For QA/QC purposes, matrix spike and matrix duplicate samples will be collected and analyzed at a rate of one every 20 samples of each matrix. The matrix spike and spike duplicate will consist of a field sample spiked in the laboratory with a range of compounds according to the method to be employed. Analyses of these samples may or may not necessitate the collection of additional sample volume in the field. The contracted laboratory will include additional sample containers if they require additional sample volume. Table 2-2 summarizes the estimated number of samples. 9.2 Laboratory QC Checks Internal QC checks are documented in the Quality Assurance Manual provided as Attachment A ( to be submitted at least thirty (30) days before beginning analyses). All laboratory internal QC checks will conform to those required by the methodologies noted in the tables provided in Section 8.0 of this QAPP. Ralcigh/QAPP !79285-01 BB/DCC#Q0032 6/93 9-3 CHESTER ENVIRONMENTAL QAPP for Beazer East, Inc. 10.0 DATA REDUCTION, VALIDATION AND REPORTING 10.1 Data Reduction IO.I.I Field Section No: 10 Revision No: 0 Date: 6/93 Page 1 of 6 Data reduction will occur for the field measurements at the point of sampling. At the point of sampling, the data as measured by the field instrument will be reported in the field notebooks as well as on any forms required for the project. 10.1.2 Office Upon the return of the analytical results from the laboratory and after data validation, the data will be further reduced to data tables, graphs and images. The data tables will contain the following information: ■ The date and number of the most current revision; ■ Information identifying exactly the samples represented on the tables ( e.g. sample location, matrix, depth, etc.); ■ The compounds for which the samples were tested; ■ The results for each compound; and ■ The data flags as applied by the laboratory and the data validators. 10.1.3 Laboratory Data reduction in the laboratory is covered in detail in the laboratory's QAM provided as Attachment A ( to be submitted at least thirty (30) days before beginning analyses). Ralcigh/QAPP 179285-01 BB/DCC#Q0032 6/93 10-1 CHESTER ENVIAONMENTAL • • QAPP for Beazer East, Inc. Section No: 13 Revision No: 0 Date: 6/93 Page2 of 4 13.1.4 Laboratory Analytical Measurements The mechanisms for internal review of data for conformance to those specifications, and corrective actions required in cases of failure to meet precision specifications, are specified in the laboratory QAM (to be submitted at least thirty (30) days before beginning analyses). Independent data validation will also be provided as a further check on laboratory performance (see Section 9.0 for more information on the data validation procedures). 13.2 Accuracy "Accuracy" is defined as the degree of agreement between a known value and a measured value. determined value of spiked sample R = -----------x 100 theoretical value of spiked sample The accuracy objectives are noted in Section 4.0 of this QAPP. The Project Director will be responsible for monitoring the accuracy objectives. Should any of the data fail the accuracy criteria, corrective action will be taken in accordance with Section 14.0 of this QAPP. 13.2.1 Water Level The manufacturer's specifications for the tape used will be noted and a measurement against a known depth taken by the principle investigator responsible for field activities. A failure of accuracy will result in the return of the tape to the manufacturer and the acquisition of an accurate instrument. Ralcigh/QAPP 179"..85-01 BB/DCC#Q0032 6/93 13 -2 CHESTER ENVIRONMENTAL QAPP for Beazer East, Inc. Section No: 14 Revision No: 0 Date: 6/93 Page 2 of 3 Supervisor. The OAR is returned only after the Project Director affixes his or her signature and date to the action block and stating the cause of the condition(s) and action(s) to be taken. The Project QA/QC Supervisor maintains the log for status control of QARs and responses, confirms the adequacy of the intended action(s) and verifies its implementation. ,The Project QA/QC Supervisor will issue and distribute copies of completed QARs to the originator, Program Manager, Project Director and the involved contractor(s) if any. QARs are transmitted to the project file for the records. 14.2 Laboratory The laboratory's QAM, as provided in Attachment A (to be submitted at least thirty (30) days before beginning analyes), contains a detailed discussion of corrective actions to be taken if established criteria fail during laboratory analysis. Ralcigh/QAPP 179285--01 BB/DCC#Q0032 6/93 14 - 2 CHESTER ENVIRONMENTAL 15.0 QA REPORTS TO MANAGEMENT QAPP for Beazer East, Inc. Section No: 15 Revision No: 0 Date: 6/93 Page 1 of2 The laboratory will provide all analytical results for all samples, field-generated and laboratory blanks, and spiked samples to Beazer East, Inc. or its designate. Two copies of the analytical results will be sent to the Project Manager and one set of results will be sent directly to the QA Officer. The QA Officer will review the results and report the findings to the Project Manager as soon as possible. Periodic reports from the QA Manager will address: ■ Overview of activities and significant events related to QA/QC; ■ Summary of audit results; ■ Review of corrective action request status; ■ Laboratory QA/QC report; ■ Data validation QA/QC report; ■ Summary of significant changes in procedures or QA/QC programs; and ■ Recommendations. Reports will be submitted to the Project Manager. Upon project completion, a Final QA Report will be issued, assessing the overall degree of project conformance to specifications and the impact of any non- conforming conditions on data quality that may affect management decisions. The nature of the laboratory's QA reports is provided in their laboratory Quality Assurance Manual provided as Attachment A (to be submitted thirty (30) days before beginning analyses). Ralcigh/QAPP 179285~1 BB/DCC#Q0032 6/93 15 -1 CHESTER ENVIRONMENTAL ATIACHMENT A LABORATORY QUALITY ASSURANCE MANUAL • (TO BE SUBMITTED AT LEAST THIR1Y (30) DAYS BEFORE BEGINNING ANALYSES)