NCD003200383_19900901_Koppers Co. Inc._FBRCERCLA FS_Health and Safety Plan for Remediation Investigation and Feasibility Study-OCR

I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I DCC#H457
HEALTH AND SAFFIY PLAN
FOR
REMEDIAL INVESTIGATION ANII
FEASIBILI1Y STUDY
AT
BEAZER MATERIALS AND SERVICES, INC.
MORRISVILLE, N.C. SITE
Prepared for:
BEAZER MATERIALS AND SERVICES, INC.
PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA
Prepared by:
KEYSTONE ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES, INC.
3000 TECH CENTER DRIVE
MONROEVILLE, PENNSYLVANIA 15146
PROJECT NO. 179225-02
JANUARY 1990
I
I TABLE OF CONTENTS
I hp
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................. IV
1.0 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................. 1-1
1.1 Background ................................................................................................. 1-1
1.2 Site Location and History ......................................................................... 1-1
1.2.1 Site Location ................................................................................... 1-1
1.2.2 Site Plan .......................................................................................... 1-2
1.2.3 History ofSite ................................................................................. 1-2
1.3 Interim Corrective Measures ................................................................... 1-7
2.0 RESPONSIBILI'IY ................................................................................................ 2-1
2.1 Assignment of Responsibilities ................................................................ 2-1
2.1.1 General.. .......................................................................................... 2-1
2.1.2 Project Manager ............................................................................ 2-1
2.1.3 Site Health and Safety Officer ..................................................... 2-1
2.1.4 On-Site Supervisor ........................................................................ 2-1
2.1.5 Field Sampling Personnel.. ........................................................... 2-2
3.0 TRAINING .............................................................................................................. 3-1
4.0 MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE PROGRAM ....................................................... 4-1
4.1 Purpose ........................................................................................................ 4-1
4.2 Protocol ....................................................................................................... 4-1
5.0 DECONTAMINATION ......................................................................................... 5-1
5.1 Purpose ........................................................................................................ 5-1
5.2 Equipment ................................................................................................... 5-1
5.3 Personnel and Protective Equipment ..................................................... 5-1
6.0 HEALTH AND SAFE'IY PROCEDURES ......................................................... 6-1
DCC#H457
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
General ........................................................................................................ 6-1
Hazard Analyses ......................................................................................... 6-2
Air Monitoring ............................................................................................ 6-3
6.3.1 Dust .............................................................................................. 6-4
6.3.2 Organic Compounds ..................................................................... 6-4
Personnel Protective Equipment ................ _. ............................................ 6-4
Health and Safety Plan -General Population ........................................ 6-6
ii
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
Page
6.5.1 Limiting Interactions ..................................................................... 6-6
6.5.2 Perimeter Action Levels ............................................................... 6-6
7.0 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES .......................................................................... 7-1
7.1 Responsibility .............................................................................................. 7-1
7.2 General Injury ............................................................................................. 7-1
7.3 First Aid ....................................................................................................... 7-1
7.3.1 General.. .......................................................................................... 7-1
7.3.2 Specific Treatments ........................................................................ 7-2
7.4 Occupational Injuries and Illnesses ......................................................... 7-2
7.5 Fire .......................................................................................................... 7-2
7.6 Emergency Site Evacuation Procedures ................................................. 7-3
7.6.1 Evacuation Plan ............................................................................. 7-3
7.7 . Communications ......................................................................................... 7-3
APPENDICES
I MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS/HEALTH DATA
II DECONTAMINATION PROCEDURES
III OPERATION AND FIELD MANUAL FOR THE HNU PIO
IV LEVELS OF PROTECTION
DCC#H457 iii
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
LIST OF TABLES
Page
6-0 Threshold Limit Values ....................................................................................... 6-2a
6-1 Air Quality Monitoring Program Summary ...................................................... 6-3a
6-2 Personnel Protective Equipment for
Monitoring Well Installation and Test Borings in the
Lagoon & Treatment Area .................................................................................. 6-Sa
6-3 Personal Protective Equipment for Off-Site Monitoring
Well Installation & Other Locations ................................................................. 6-Sb
6-4 Personnel Protective Equipment for Soil Sampling,
Groundwater Sampling, and Permeability Testing On-Site ........................... 6-5c
6-5 Personnel Protective Equipment for Surface Water
and Sediment Sampling ....................................................................................... 6-Sd
7-1 Emergency Information ....................................................................................... 7-la
DCC#H457 iv
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Background
This Health and Safety Plan is intended to provide guidance for personnel working
on site during the Remedial Investigation and Feasibility Study (RI/FS) at the Beazer
Materials and Services, Inc., Morrisville, North Carolina Site and other personnel or
public in close proximity to the site investigation activities. This plan has been
developed to minimize, to the extent possible, the risk of injury or illness as a
consequence of activities undertaken at this site.
A Remedial Investigation (RI) Investigation is being conducted to characterize the
nature and extent of contamination of soils, groundwate:r, and surface water and its
threat to human health and the environment, and to determine the need for remedial
measures. The RI activities may include:
o Monitoring Well Installation
0
0
0
0
Permeability Testing
Groundwater Sampling (shallow and deep)
Surficial Soil Sampling
Subsurface Soil Sampling
o Surface Water Sampling/Sediment Sampling
The information gathered in the RI will be used in a feasibility study to identify
evaluate, and select the most cost effective remedial alternative, to formulate and
implement remedial measures.
1.2 Site Location and History
1.2.1 Site Location
The site is located approximately one mile northwest of the Town of Morrisville,
North Carolina in Cedar Fork Township, Wake County.. It is located on Koppers
Road, southwest of North Carolina Route 54. The site is bounded by Church Street
on the southwest and the Southern Railway on the east. A portion of the site along
Koppers Road and Church Street is wooded and not developed.
DCC#H457 1-1
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
1• • 2000' Figure 2-l
Location Map
Raleigh/Morrisville
' \
hie Map Cary H,C. • Topo<Jrap '
1973, Photo revised 1987
" ... ,:
0 z
- -- -------
•
11CA1..E IFEETl
,00 0 200
- ---
JOO
--
0
FI8l.RE 2-Z
GENE/IA! SITE HAI-'
H,Ut:.IGH/1'10/VUSl'/l 1 c;
-1!!11!!1 !!!!!le
D
0
B
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
The site location shows evidence of urban sprawl due to its proximity to Research
Triangle Park. Residential areas, light industry and small businesses have developed
around the site.
l.2.2 Site Plan
Figure 2-1 is a site location map of the area, reproduced from a portion of the USGS
7.5 minute topographic quadrangle map for Cary, NC. The site coordinates are
latitude 35° 50' 49" and longitude 78° 50' 19". Figure 2-2 is a general site map
depicting the layout of plant facilities and property boundaries.
The site encompasses approximately 52 acres. Approximately 50 acres of the site
were purchased from Unit Structures, Inc. in 1962, by Koppers Company, Inc. Two
more acres were subsequently purchased from Artie R. Gray in July, 1971. In
September of 1986, Unit Structures, Inc. purchased the property and the business
back from Koppers, with the exception of approximately 10.5 acres located in the
southeast section. After purchase in June of 1988, Koppers Company, Inc. changed
its name to Beazer Materials & Services, Inc.
The topography of the area is characterized by nearly flat bottomlands to gently
sloping uplands, typical of the Piedmont physiographic province. Surface drainage
appears to be south to southeasterly toward Crabtree Creek, which in turn flows into
the Neuse River. Soils consist of silty clays, and clayey silts derived from claystone,
shale, and siltstone. Colors of the soils range from browns to tan-reds to purple.
Geologically, the site is located in the Piedmont plateau of North Carolina, with rock
types classified as Triassic age sedimentary rocks.
1.2.3 History of Site
Prior to 1961, the site was occupied by Cary Lumber Company who originally
occupied the site in 1896. On April 8, 1961, the directors and shareholders of Cary
Lumber Company consented to sell real estate and assets of Cary Lumber Company
to Unit Structures, Inc. In 1962, Unit Structures, Inc. sold the real estate and assets
to Koppers Company, Inc. In 1986 Koppers Company, Inc. sold the property and
assets to Unit Structures, Inc., a company unconnected with the previous Unit
DCC#H457 1-2
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Structures, Inc. Two acres of property located in the northeast portion of the
Morrisville plant property were purchased by Koppers Company, Inc. in 1971.
Since 1962, the plant has produced glued-laminated wood products. In 1968, a
Cellon wood treating process was constructed at the site to produce treated wood for
use as a raw material in the laminating process. The Cellon treatment plant was
located in the southeastern portion of the site, near the existing fire pond.
Treatment consisted of pressure injecting pentachlorophenol (PCP), in a liquefied
butane carrier, into the wood. Because pentachlorophenol is not completely soluble
in liquified butane, a cosolvent, isopropyl ether, was used in the process. A glycol-
based cosolvent reportedly was also used for a short period of time.
Typical of other wood treating processes, Cellon treatment was conducted in
cylindrical retorts. One retort cylinder was used at the site. After the wood was
impregnated, the butane carrier was evaporated under reduced pressure, leaving a
residual of pentachlorophenol as a dry, crystalline salt. The carrier was recycled to
the work tanks, where it was cooled before use. After the carrier was removed from
the cylinder, a vacuum was pulled on the cylinder and IPE and dissolved PCP were
sent to blowdown pit. The blowdown pit was vented to atmosphere, allowing
evaporation to occur. The pentachlorophenol residual on the treated wood was
removed by steaming. Steam condensate was settled and filtered to recover
pentachlorophenol before it was discharged to the fire pond. Two treatment lagoons
were installed approximately six months after start-up, to provide further removal of
pentachlorophenol from the steam condensate prior to discharge to the fire pond.
The location of these lagoons is shown on Figure 2-2.
There was a teepee burner located in the northern area of the site. The teepee
burner was a large metal structure used to burn wood shavings and other wood
products associated with the wood treating process.
The Cellon treatment process was discontinued and dismantled in 1975, after which
treated wood was received from other sources. In 1976, following shutdown of the
Cellon process, two samples were taken from the fire pond to determine water
quality. One sample was collected near the south ditch and the other near the Cellon
DCC#H457 1-3
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
treatment lagoons; the pentachlorophenol concentrations were 0.0042 mg/I and 0.018
mg/I, respectively.
During 1976, Koppers Company, Environmental Services Section, Research
Department, recommended that the two lagoons be reclaimed by land treatment
which was considered best technology at that time. Reclamation took place between
April and September of 1977. Two locations were chosen for land treatment of the
water from the lagoons. Both areas were near the steel shop at the north end of the
property. The areas were plowed and diked and receiv,ed two applications of water,
followed by the addition of fertilizer and plowing. Additionally, dikes were
constructed to prevent run-off water from entering the fire pond. The lagoon bottom
sludges were removed and spread to dry over the lagoons and adjacent areas before
reclamation of the area by fertilizing and seeding was conducted.
Subsequent investigations began in 1980 by Koppers to study the environmental
quality of both the groundwater and the soils in the. plant vicinity included the
installation of nine backhoe test pits, water sampling from five of the pits, sampling
of fifteen on-site wells, and the sampling of three surface water sources. Soil,
sediment, groundwater and surface water data generated from 1980 to date. In
addition, soil samples were taken for analyses from different areas of the plant on
different occasions. Based on the results of these efforts, approximately 220 cubic
yards of soil were removed during April-May 1980 from the former lagoon areas.
The soils were disposed in a permitted, commercial chemical waste disposal facility.
In July, 1980, after removal of contaminated soils, a more extensive soil sampling and
analysis program was initiated that encompassed the former treatment lagoon area,
the former Cellon treatment area, and the former war,ehouse area which had been
used to store dry pentachlorophenol in bags. As part of this program, seven
monitoring wells were installed to provide a ring of monitoring wells around the
plant. The depths of the wells were selected such that the wells terminated at or
above an upper confining layer which was identified through geophysical logging.
Groundwater samples were drawn from these wells in August, September, and
October of 1980. In addition, on July 24, 1980 two off-site wells (Medlin residence
and Wilkerson Construction) and one on-site well were each sampled by Koppers
and North Carolina Department of Health Services as well as two off-site sediment
samples, one from the east drainage ditch and one from the Medlin Pond. Koppers
DCC#H457 1-4
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
results indicated no PCP in off-site wells (Medlin or Wilkerson samples) at a
detection level of 0.0004 mg/L. The sediment sample from the east discharge point
contained 0.674 mg/kg PCP and the sediment sample at the Medlin Pond contained
0.114 mg/kg PCP, based on Koppers analyses. PCP was detected by both labs in on-
site well W-6.
On September 11, 1980, water and soil samples were collected from the fire pond
and selected test pits. Based on the results of this investigation, an additional 240
cubic yards of soil were removed from the former lagoon area and disposed in a
permitted, commercial chemical waste disposal facility in November 1980.
On September 24, 1980, the U.S. EPA conducted a hazardous waste site
investigation (HWSI) which included the collection and analysis of water, sediment,
and fish for purgeable and extractable organic compounds. Surface water samples
were collected from the fire pond, Medlin Pond, and the east drainage ditch.
Groundwater samples were collected from three wells on the plant property.
Sediment samples were also collected from the fire pond, Medlin pond, and the ditch
which drained the land treatment area. Fish were collected for analysis from the
Medlin pond and the fire pond. Trace levels of several P AHs (values were reported
below the detection limits and were indicated by "T''), common laboratory solvents
(i.e. methylene chloride, bis-2-ethylhexylphthalate)., and petroleum product
constituents (i.e. hexadecanoic acid, as tentatively identified compounds) were
detected in the Medlin Pond and Fire Pond sediments. Fish samples in both ponds
also had petroleum product constituents below the detection limits, but there were
several compounds (i.e. octadecanoic acid) reported as estimated values, designated
by "J". Lastly, one sediment sample collected from the fire pond had PCP present.
above the detection limit at a level of 6400 ug/kg.
A series of eight supply wells had been installed at the site to support plant
operations. Available records indicate the majority of the plant supply wells were
installed in 1971 or 1972 and the depths of wells range from 200 to 400 feet. Results
of the geophysical logging indicated well depths ranging from 73 to 210 feet. Three
of these wells are still used to supply non-potable water, although connection to a
municipal water supply is planned. Well W-1 supplies water to the sales office only.
Well W-2 supplies water to the manufacturing plant. 1,Vell W-3 supplies water to a
building on the west side of the property currently owned by a truck leasing company.
DCC#H457 1-5
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
In June, 1981, a detailed follow-up investigation was completed by Koppers in the
area of the former treatment lagoons which indicated that pentachlorophenol was
present at some locations. Additional rounds of groundwater and soil sampling were
conducted in July and December of 1984, confirming the results from 1981.
Approximately 1100 cubic yards of soil were removed from the former lagoon area in
1986. Additionally, 50 cubic yards of material were removed from the filter bed area
and 100 cubic yards from the blowdown pit area, totalling 1250 cubic yards.
Removed soils were disposed in a permitted, commercial chemical waste disposal
facility.
A hydrogeologic investigation was conducted in 1986 by Keystone to supply
additional data concerning the presence and movement of hazardous constituents in
groundwater and soil. The investigation included a geophysical survey to identify the
presence of diabase dikes, installation of additional monitoring wells, groundwater
sampling, and soil sampling.
A series of twelve monitoring wells were installed and logged by Keystone in July and
August, 1986 and a total of 15 soil borings were completed concurrently with the
monitoring well installation work. Soil borings were installed throughout the site,
targeting potential pentachlorophenol source areas. These areas included the
former lagoons, the Cellon area, the land treatment areas, the pentachlorophenol
warehouse area, and the sawdust storage area. A magnetometer survey was
conducted in the former lagoon and land farm areas to confirm or deny the presence
of a diabase dike beneath the site. This investigation concluded that a diabase dike is
not present within 150 feet of the surface in these areas.
Groundwater samples were collected by KER during September 1986 from the
twelve newly installed monitoring wells and also 13 of the 15 existing wells.
In addition to on-site monitoring, BM&S initiated a domestic well sampling program
of potentially affected wells. Off-site wells were sam pied by KER in September
1986, November 1986 and January 1987. In December 1986, the NC Division of
Health Services, Superfund Branch, began sampling off.-site wells around this site. In
March 1987, BM&S released the results of its 3 rounds of sampling. BM&S results
were questionable due to high blanks and problems with lab contamination. They
DCC#H4S7 1-6
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
were also inconsistent with results obtained by the State lab. Representatives of
BM&S, KER, the Wake County Health Dept. and the State met and decided to
resample immediately. At that time, BM&S began off-site well sampling in
conjunction with the State and the Wake County Health Dept.
Samples were collected by KER in March 1987, November 1987, September 1988,
and October 1988. BM&S committed to ongoing quarterly monitoring of selected
domestic wells in February 1989. Off-site domestic w,e!J results indicate that both
pentachlorophenol and isopropyl ether have been detected approximately 4000-5000
feet from the suspected source areas (PCP, around 5,000' at l lH, or 121; IPE,
around 4,000' at lOH). Affected wells were located generally to the north and
northwest although the highest concentrations of pentachlorophenol and isopropyl
ether were found Jess than 1000 feet northeast of the former lagoon and Cellon
treatment areas. In addition to off-site well sampling, an extensive domestic well
survey within a mile radius was conducted during October-December 1988.
1.3 Interim Corrective Measures
Pursuant to the 1980 study, approximately 220 cubic yards of soil was removed from
the former lagoon area. After the original soil removal, a second soil sampling and
groundwater sampling took place and resulted in the removal of an additional 240
cubic yards of soil from the former lagoon area. Additional wells were installed in
1980 to define groundwater conditions at the site. Soil sampling from 1981 and 1984
Jed to the removal in 1986 of an additional 1100 cubic yards of soil from the former
lagoon area and Cellon treatment area, 50 cubic yards of material from the filter bed
area, and 100 cubic yards of material from the blowdown pit area, totalling 1250
cubic yards. Soil borings and shallow monitoring wells were installed in 1986 to
further identify groundwater conditions and areas where pentachlorophenol was
present in the soil. In August 1987, Keystone, at the request of BM&S, prepared a
report entitled, "Summary of Existing Data for Pre:viously Operated Property,
Koppers Company Inc., Raleigh, North Carolina Site."
As described previously, a quarterly monitoring program of domestic wells has been
initiated. BM&S currently provides bottled water at off-site well locations where
pentachlorophenol and/or IPE has been detected. In cases where results indicate
invalid data for any reason ( e.g., blank contamination), until resampling and valid
DCC#H457 1-7
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
data is obtained, bottled water has been and will be supplied to the affected residents
as a precautionary measure.
In November 1988, a fence was installed by BM&S around Medlin Pond to
discourage unwarranted use, after concerns were expressed by the property owners.
Permission was received from the owner prior to erection of the fence and a BM&S
representative was on-site to accommodate the property owner wishes during
installation.
In February 1989, BM&S, in cooperation with the town of Morrisville, agreed to the
installation of municipal water lines to the affected aireas and service to affected
residences. BM&S and EPA Region IV entered into negotiations concerning a
Consent Order for the construction of the water line. An agreement was reached
and the Order was effective May 15, 1989.
DCC#H457 1-8
I
I
I
I
I
2.0 RESPONSIBILI1Y
2.1 Assignment of Responsibilities
2.1.1 General
All site activities where an exposure to contaminated materials is possible will be
subject to this safety and health plan.
2.1.2 Project Manager
The Project Manager will be ultimately responsible for the implementation,
maintenance, and compliance with the site Health and Safety Plan. This
responsibility will be delegated to the Site Health and Safety Officer (SHSO).
2.1.3 Site Health and Safety Officer
A Site Health and Safety Officer (SHSO), who will be designated, will be responsible
for all health and safety activities, including subcontractor activities, for air
monitoring activities,if required, for overseeing the decontamination of equipment
and materials leaving the contaminated area, and for providing and enforcing the use
of personal protective equipment and clothing. The SHSO will have experience in
field operations with air monitoring equipment, personal protective equipment and
clothing, decontamination procedures and emergency response procedures. A
Health and Safety professional will be responsible for the training of on-site
personnel as described in Section 3.0. The SHSO will al:!o work with health and
safety personnel of subcontractors in the implementatiolll of this site health and
safety plan.
2.1.4 On-site Supervisor
The On-site Supervisor is responsible for field implementation of the health and
safety program when the Site Health and Safety Officer is not present. This
responsibility includes advising site workers of the spc:cific health and safety
requirements and consulting with the SHSO or a Health and Safety professional
regarding appropriate changes to the health and safety plan.
DCC#H457 2-1
2.1.5 Site Personnel
All site personnel will be responsible for working in a safe and health manner. They
will be required to comply with all applicable local, stat,! and federal health and
safety rules, regulations, and standards. Field sampling personnel will be responsible
for knowing of and complying with all aspects of the health .and safety plan.
DCC#H457 2-2
I
I
I
I
I
3.0 TRAINING
The Health and Safety Officer will conduct a training session designed to ensure that
field personnel are aware of the hazards at the site as a result of scheduled activities
and will perform their work in a manner to minimize, as much as possible, risk to
their health and safety. The health and safety training will include, but not be limited
to the following:
A general overview of the project and site;
An explanation of exposure routes and potential effects of constituents
of concern identified at the site, with the focus on pentachlorophenol
and other potential constituents of concern;
Requirements for personnel protective equipment and clothing,
respirator training, skin protection, etc;
The "Buddy System";
Decontamination and /or disposal procedures;
Personal hygiene requirements;
Action Levels and responses to high levels of air-borne constituents;
Emergency response procedures (personal injury, accidents and other
emergency procedures required);
General site safety rules and procedures;
Responsibility of on-site supervision and management related to
health and safety issues.
The site specific training program will involve at least one hour of instruction per
employee. Also, job specific health and safety instructions will be reviewed before
beginning each new phase of work.
DCC#H457 3-1
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Records of site personnel having completed the above training will be maintained by
a Health and Safety professional with copies maintained by the Site Health and
Safety Officer.
Weekly, or more often if conditions require, the SHSO will conduct follow-up
training related to the change in operations or any other training deemed necessary
by the SHSO.
All workers will have had 40 hours of off-site health and safety training to comply
with all applicable sections of OSHA's HAZARDOUS WORKER OPERATIONS
AND EMERGENCY TRAINING standard 29 CFR 1910.120.
DCC#H457 3-2
R
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
4.0 MEDICAL SURVEILI.ANCE PROGRAM
4.1 . Purpose
The purpose of the worker medical surveillance program is to insure, to the extent
possible, that all persons participating in field activities at the BM&S Morrisville,
North Carolina site are in good health and capable of performing the field activities
and verify that such work has not resulted in any health problems.
4.2 Protocol
All personnel, including subcontractors, subject to occupational exposure at the site
may be required to have had a medical examination within the past year prior to the
beginning of field operations at the Morrisville site. Protocols will be approved by a
Health and Safety professional in consultation with an occupational physician. The
medical examination as a minimum will consist of the following:
· Review and documentation of medical records
General physical
Pulmonary Function Test (FVC and FEY,)
SMA 24 Blood chemistry
Complete Blood Count (CBC)
Chest X-Ray (if medically indicated)
Heavy Metals Screen (urine analysis) only if medically indicated
Medical surveillance report will include a judgment by the examining physician of the
ability of the employee to use a negative or positive pressure respirator and a positive
pressure breathing apparatus. Those individuals determined to have a medical
condition which could directly or indirectly be aggravated by exposure to chemical
substances within the site environment or the use of respiratory equipment will not
be employed on this project.
DCC#H457 4-1
u
D
D
D
D
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
The SHSO in consultation with a Health and Safety professional and an occupational
physician will decide whether an employee is to undergo re-examination should an
individual develop an illness or injury during the cours.= of site activities. The
physician examining the individual must certify that the individual is fit to return to
work without restrictions before he/she can participate in i,ite activities. In addition
the Health and Safety professional and/or the attending physician can request
additional medical testing if abnormal exposure occurs.
An exit examination of individuals exposed to hazardous site conditions throughout
the length of the project may be scheduled upon completion of this project.
DCC#H457 4-2
I
I
I
•
I
I
0
R
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
5.0 DECONTAMINATION
5.1 Purpose
Decontamination procedures will be implemented for equipment and personnel to
ensure that suspected contaminants are adequately controlled and to avoid the
transfer of contaminants off of the work site and to other p<:rsonnel.
5.2 Equipment
Whenever possible, equipment will be decontaminated before it leaves the site.
Decontamination may consist of scraping, water or solvent l!'insing or steam cleaning.
Wash waters generated by equipment decontamination will be handled of in a
manner consistent with the disposition of the purge water and wash water from the
ground water wells as outlined in the work plan. Verification that equipment leaving
the site has been adequately decontaminated is the responsibility of the SHSO.
Equipment that cannot be adequately decontaminated at the site will be effectively
covered to prevent off-site contamination and transported to another area for
eventual decontamination or disposal in accordance with all .applicable regulations.
5.3 Personnel and Protective Equipment
On-site personnel will be required to remove contaminated clothing and thoroughly
wash hands and face prior to smoking, handling of any food or drink, using of the
restroom facilities or leaving the site. On a daily basis, personnel shall scrub boots,
hard hats (if contaminated), and gloves in a detergent and water type solution, rinse
with clean water and allow to dry overnight. The inside surface of each must be
inspected for contamination. Any contamination must be removed, the item cleaned
or washed ( as above) or discarded. Respirators will be cleaned daily with
commercially available respirator cleaner-sanitizer if they are worn.
Any personnel protective equipment to be thrown away will be placed in an
appropriate container and disposed of in accordance with all applicable local, state
and federal regulations.
DCC#H457 5-1
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
When exiting the work area for breaks, use of the restroom, or going to lunch,
personnel will remove contaminated protective clothing in the appropriate area and
wash his/her face, hands, neck, and arms before moving into the· break area or
leaving the site.
When a minor first-aid emergency requires worker to leave the work site, site
personnel will follow these amendments:
The worker will remove gross contamination, remove outer garments
in the area,if possible, and receive first-aid at that time.
If the accident/injury is not serious, the worker, after being treated, will
redress and return to the work area.
If the accident/injury is serious, the worker will be immediately
transported to the hospital. During the wait for an emergency vehicle
the injured will be decontaminated as much as possible.
If more elaborate personnel protective equipment clothing is required,
decontamination procedures will be modified to be consistent with the increased
level of protection.
DCC#H457 5-2
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
6.0 HEAL TH AND SAFEIY PROCEDURES
6.1 General
The following general policies/procedures will be in effect at the B M & S Morrisville
Rl/FS site:
DCC#H457
the Site Health and Safety Officer will b: notified before anyone
enters the work area covered by this health and safety plan;
personnel must wash hands, arms, neck a.nd face before smoking,
ea ting, drinking using restroom facilities, or l1!aving the site;
all personal protective equipment will be decontaminated or properly
disposed of before leaving the site;
all changing of clothes and personal prote,:tive equipment will take
place in a designated change area;
contact lenses will not be worn in areas covered by this health and
safety plan;
personnel violating safety procedures will be removed from the job;
all activities will comply with all applicable local, state and federal
laws;
work zones will be honored;
each sample must be treated as though it were toxic and hazardous;
persons with beards or other facial hair that interferes with respirator
fit are not permitted within the site boundaries when conditions
require respiratory protection;
6-1
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
6.2
all personnel should avoid all unnecessary contact with contaminated
soil and water;
all personnel should avoid any contact between their hands and
mouths until they are thoroughly decontaminated;
horseplay on the site is prolubited;
use of, or under the visible influence of alcohol, narcotics, or controlled
substances while working will not be permitted; and
firearms, ammunition, fireworks and explosiv,es are prohibited.
Hazard Analysis
A preliminary hazard analysis has been conducted to ensure that site activities,
personal protection and emergency response are consistent with the specific
contaminants expected to be encountered. The analysis forms the foundation for this
Health and Safety Plan.
The contaminants of concern
pentachlorophenol, isopropyl
polychlorinated dibenzofuran.
that may be present
ether, polychlorinted
at the site include
dibenzodioxin, and
TLV-TWA represents the time-weighted average concentration for an eight hour
workday and a forty hour workweek, to which nearly all workers may be repeatedly
exposed, day after day, without adverse effect. The TLV-STEL is defined as a fifteen
minute time-weighted average exposure which should not be exceeded at any time
during a work day even if the eight-hour time-weighted average is within the
Threshold Limit Value(TLV). The OSHA Permissible Exposure Limits (PELs) are
those TL V-TWAs which have been adopted by OSHA undi:r 29 CFR 1910.1000 (see
Table 6-0).
The applicable OSHA PELs from 29 CFR 1910.1000, TLV-TWAs and TLV-STELs
from the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienist(ACGIH) are
DCC#H457 6-2
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Pentachlorophenol-skin
Jsopropyl ether
Oibenzofuran
Dibenzodioxin
TABLE6-0
THRESHOLD LIMIT VALUES
TLV-'IWA1
0.5 mg!m3
250 ppm
TLV-STEL1
NONE ESTABLISHED
310 ppm
NONE ESTABLISHED
NONE ESTABLISHED
0.5 mg!m3
500 ppm
1 Source: Threshold Limit Values and Biological Exposure Indices for 1988-1989, American
Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienist
2 Source: 29 CFR 1910.1000
DCC#H457 6-2a
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
u
I
I
I
I
listed below, where available. Additional data on occupational health effects of these
compounds is included as Appendix I.
The primary exposure pathways of concern for these compounds are inhalation and
skin absorption. Isopropyl ether and pentachloropheno.l are the most volatile of
these compounds and exposure to isopropyl ether and pentachlorophenol could
possibly occur in the vapor state as well as with contaminant particulates. The other
two compounds are relatively non-volatile and the major concern with airborne
exposure is with dust contaminated with these compounds.
6.3 Air Monitoring
Air quality monitoring is a very important part of the Health and Safety Plan. Data
collected are used to form decisions as to worker protective clothing and equipment
upgrades and where appropriate revise site work procedures and emergency
procedures. The air quality monitoring plan for this site is defined in Table 6-1:
Continuous, real-time measurement of total organic vapor
concentrations.
Initial ambient air monitoring program.
Portable instruments are used to provide real-time, semi-quantitative data on total
organic vapor concentrations in and around the breathing zone of workers and
downwind of site activities.
During all drilling, testing, and sampling activities on sitt:, colorimetric tubes and
photoionization devices or equivalent will be used for monitoring organic vapor
concentrations in the breathing zone. These detectors will be calibrated daily and
organic vapor concentration will be monitored during site ac:tivities. Action levels for
employee protection and emergency actions will be institut,ed based on observations
related to airborne concentrations of contaminants measured during site air quality
monitoring of the work area.
DCC#H457 6-3
TYPE OF
MONITORING
Work Area
Boring and
well
installation
FREQUENCY
During all
soil sampling
operations at
15-30 minute
intervals
At 15-30 minute
intervals
TABLE6-1
AIR QUALl1Y MONITORING PROGRAM SUMMARY
LOCATION AND NUMBER
Active work areas
( e.g., each sampling
location)
(I) ground surface
and (2) breathing
level
EQUIPMENT USED
PID Instrument
and/or color-
metric tubes
PID Instrument
and/or colori-
metric tubes
PURPOSE
Real-time, semi-quantita-
tive data on total organic
vapors for operational and
health and safety decision
making
Documentation of organic
vapor levels and determina-
tion of need to change
protection action levels
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
D
u
I
I
I
6.3.1 lliw
If the need arises air monitoring for dust exposure will be conducted to detennine
workers exposure. The need for dust monitoring will be determined by the SHSO
through visual observation. If the SHSO determines unusual amounts of dust are
regularly and continuously being produced, he/she will advised those workers in the
area to wear approved dust respirators and begin periodic dust monitoring.
6.3.2 Organic Compounds
Respirators with organic vapor/acid gas/hepa filter cartnidges will be worn in the
event that hazardous levels of organic vapors are en,;ountered during on-site
activities. The HNU and/or colonnetric tubes will be used to detennine when
respiratory protection is needed. Air monitoring will be conducted during site
activities. HNU and/or colorimetric tube readings above the action levels established
(see Section 6.4) indicate that potential airborne organic vapor hazards may exist.
Respirators will be worn or work activities will be discontinued as stated in Section
6.4. The Site Health and Safety Officer or his/her designee will document the air
quality measurements daily, including corresponding meteorological data.
The operation and field manual for the HNU Systems PllOl PIO is included in
Appendix III. This manual describes the operation, maintenance, calibration and
troubleshooting procedures for these instruments, as well as the theory of operation,
response characteristics and sensitivity. Instructions for the use of colorimetric tubes
are also contained in Appendix III.
The Site Health and Safety Officer or his/her designee will document all air quality
measurements daily, including corresponding daily meteorological data.
6.4 Personnel Protectjve Equipment
All personnel in the work area shall wear the required health and safety equipment
as outlined in the Health and Safety Plan. The site health and safety officer or
his/her designee will detennine the parameters of the work a:rea.
DCC#H457 6-4
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Personnel protective equipment specific to each task areas are outlined in Table 6-2
through 6-5.
It shall be at the SHSO's discretion to upgrade the lev,el of protection based on
his/her observation's of conditions and/or results of air monitoring.
Within the work area, organic vapor measurements at the breathing zone will be
used as an indication of airborne contaminant levels. Action levels have been
established for organic vapor readings. Responses to these action levels have been
devised and general actions are defined once observed sustained organic vapor
concentrations above background are realized. "Sustained" indicates elevated
concentrations of organic vapors in the breathing zone for longer than 15 minutes.
The basic responses to air concentrations observed during area monitoring are as
follows:
Level 1 -Organic vapor measurements of less than 50 ppm above
background: Respirators not required.
Level 2 -Organic vapor measurements of 50-100 ppm above
background: Require MSHNNIOSH approved respirators with
organic vapor/acid gas/hepafilter cartridges. Also, they will be worn
when a "dust cloud" has been generated and workers must continue to
work within the "dust cloud."
Level 3 -Organic vapor measurements exceeds 100 ppm above
background: Personnel will be temporarily suspended from the area
until concentrations decrease. If organic vapor measurements remain
greater than 100 ppm other action will be considered including
upgrading the level of protection from Modifie:d Level C to Level C or
higher (see Appendix IV).
The 50 ppm response level for the use of respirators is based on the threshold limit
value for isopropyl ether. The 100 ppm response level for suspension of operations
is within the bounds of the effective range of the MSHNNIOSH approved
respirators. Employees will be informed of the need for a change in the level of I protection required via word of month.
I DCC#H457 6. S
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
m
I
I
I
I
I
I
I I
I
I
I
I
TABLE6-2
PERSONNEL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT FOR MONITORING WELL
INSTALLATION AND TEST BORINGS IN THE
LAGOON AND TREATMENT AREA
REQUIRED
MODIFIED LEVEL C
Work Coveralls (Polycoated Tyvek Coveralls)
Safety Glasses or Goggles
PVC Undergloves
Neoprene gloves
Steel Toe and Shank Footwear
Hard Hat
CONTINGENCY
*Note:
DCC#H457
Sun Screen
At least one respirator (MSHA/NIOSH approved) for each person at the drill
site, with OV/AG/Hepa cartridge filter.
First Aid Kit
Portable eyewash station
Fire extinguisher and blanket
Disposable overboots
Ear protection (if needed)
Glove (protective clothing) material selection is based on best judgment,
considering all potential solvent contacts, but, no one glove ( protective
clothing) material is resistant to permeation and degradation by all solvents.
Thus, care must be taken to examine the gloves (protective clothing) while
being worn and when removed for flhysical condition (tears, holes, split
seams, etc.) and signs of liquid permeation/degradation.
6-Sa
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
REQUIRED
TABLE6-3
PERSONNEL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT FOR OFF-SITE
MONITORING WELL INSTALLATION AND
ALL OTHER LOCATIONS
LEVELD
Work Coveralls
Safety Glasses or Goggles
PVC Undergloves
Neoprene gloves
Steel Toe and Shank Footwear
Hard Hat
CONTINGENCY
*Note:
DCC#H457
Sun Screen
At least one respirator (MSHA/NIOSH approved) for each person at the drill
site, with OV/AG/Hepa cartridge filter.
First Aid Kit
Portable eyewash station
Fire extinguisher and blanket
Disposable overboots
Ear protection (if needed)
Glove (protective clothing) material selection is based on best judgment,
considering all potential solvent contacts, but, no one glove (protective
clothing) material is resistant to permeation and degradation by all solvents.
Thus, care must be taken to examine the gloves (protective clothing) while
being worn and when removed for ~hysical condition (tears, holes, split
seams, etc.) and signs of liquid permeat10n/degradation.
6-Sb
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
0
D
I
I
I
I
I
TABLE6-4
PERSONNEL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT F'OR SOIL SAMPLING,
GROUNDWATER
SAMPLING, AND PERMEABILI'IY TESTING ON-SITE
REQUIRED
MODIFIED LEVEL C
Work coverall (Polycoated Tyvek Coveralls)
Safety glasses or goggles
PVC Undergloves
Neoprene gloves
Steel toe safety footwear
Hard hat
CONTINGENCY
*Note:
DCC#H457
Sun screen
At least one respirator (MSHA/NIOSH approved) for each person at the site
with OV/AG/Hepa cartridges
First aid kit
Portable eyewash station
Fire extinguisher and blanket
Disposable overboots
Glove (protective clothing) material selection is based on best judgment,
considering all potential solvent contacts, but, no one glove ( protective
clothing) material is resistant to permeation and degradation by all solvents.
Thus, care must be taken to examine the gloves (protective clothing) while
being worn and when removed for physical condition (tears, holes, split
seams, etc.) and signs of liquid permeation/ degradation.
6-Sc
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
D
0
D
D
u
TABLE6-S
PERSONNEL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT FOR SURFACE WATER AND
SEDIMENT SAMPLING
REQUIRED
LEVELD
Work coveralls
Safety glasses or goggles
Rubber boots
PVC undergloves
Neoprene gloves (mid arm)
CONTINGENCY
*Note:
DCC#H457
Sun screen
At least one respirator (MSHNNIOSH approved) for each person at the site
with OV/AG/Hepa cartridges
Portable eye wash station
First aid kit
Glove (protective clothing) material selection is based on best judgment,
considering all potential solvent contacts, but, no one glove ( protective
clothing) material is resistant to permeation and degradation by all solvents.
Thus, care must be taken to examine the gloves (protective clothing) while
being worn and when removed for physical condition (tears, holes, split
seams, etc.) and signs of liquid permeation/degradation.
6-Sd
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
g
n
I
If a particular job function appears to result consistently in high employee exposure,
additional employee training for improved work habits and other administrative
action will be taken to reduce chronic exposure potential.
6.5 Health and Safety Pian -General Population
For the purpose of this investigation, the "general population" will be defined as
those individuals not associated with the field activities of this investigation but in
proximity to these activities.
The Health and Safety Plan for these groups consist of:
2.
Limiting the potential interaction with these groups and
Instituting a system of ''Perimeter Action Levels" based on air
monitoring of the specific field activity, whereby organic vapor
concentrations at the perimeter of work area are closely monitored to
dictate health and safety actions.
6.5.1 Limiting Interactions
Visitors to the site will be required to report to the field headquarters and sign a
visitors log book prior to entering the site. Depending on the purpose of the visit and
the areas of the site to be visited, the Health and Safety Officer or his/her designee
will determine what personal protective equipment is required to be worn by the
visitor.
6.5.2 Perimeter Action Levels
When field personnel observe a sustained organic vapor reading in excess of 25 ppm
( above background) as measured in the workers breathing zone, field personnel will
take another measurement downwind at the field activity perimeter. The following
responses will be initiated dependent upon the perimeter sustained organic vapor
reading:
DCC#H457 6-6
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
. 25 ppm above background: Notify Project Manager and keep him/her
apprised of status. Continue to work.
50 ppm above background: Alert field personnel in the vicm1ty.
Require MSHAJNIOSH approved respirators with OV/AG/Hepa
cartridge filters on all field personnel downwind of the work area.
Monitor with the PIO or the OVA at the perimeter on a continuous
basis.
100 ppm or greater above background: Suspend all field activities,
notify Project Manager. If concentrations greater than 100 ppm
above background persist after operations are suspended, the SHSO
will notify the Project Manager and the source of the organic vapor will
be investigated. Appropriate actions will be determined and acted
upon on a case by case occurrence by Beazer Materials and Services,
Inc. and its contractor.
In all probability, the work area action levels described in Section 6.4 will trigger
responses to elevate organic vapor concentrations before the perimeter action levels,
as described above.
DCC#H457 6-7
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
7.0 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES
7.1 Responsibility
The following personnel are responsible for on-site: coordination of emergency
procedures :
Project Manager
Site Health and
Safety Officer
(J.C. Mitsak)
(to be assigned prior to the site investigation)
These people will be responsible for initiating emergency response procedures and
allocating resources to conduct spill containment or other emergency operations.
7.2 General Injury
In the event of a medical emergency, the closest hospital will be promptly notified for
assistance.
7.3
1
2
3
DCC#H457
First Aid
7.3.1 General
Give first-aid as is appropriate and necessary
Contact medical help, if necessary (see Table 7-1)
Notify Project Manager, Health and Safety Professional, and
Morrisville, N.C. site.
7-1
n
D
g
I
I
I
m
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
TABLE7-1
EMERGENCY INFORMATION -
In the event of a fire, uncontrollable chemical spill, explosion, or any occurrence that might
be harmful to personnel or adjacent property, the SHSO \\111 immediately notify the proper
emergency services which will be required. The proper emergency service is determined by
the nature of the emergency.
EMERGENCY NOTIFICATION NUMBERS
Morrisville Fire Department 911 or 919-469-1426
Morrisville Police Department 911 or 919-469-1426
North Carolina Highway Patrol (Raleigh) 919 -733-3861
Rex Hospital 919 -783-3100
442 Lake Boone Trail
DIRECTIONS TO HOSPITAL: Tum left out of the plant to and go Highway 54; tum right
onto Highway 5 to Airport Boulevard; Tum left onto Airport Boulevard to I-40; tum right
onto I-40 to Blue Ridge Road; tum left onto Blue Ridge Road and go to Lake Boone Trail.
The Hospital is located at 442 Lake Boone Trail.
Immediately Call :
DCC#H457
PROCEDURES FOR REPORTING ][NCIDENTS
Keystone's Contacts
John C. Mitsak
James M. Thomas, II
[phone]
( 412) 733-94 73
Beazer Materials and Services., Inc. Contact
Shannon K. Craig [phone]
EPA Contact
Barbara Benoy ( 404)347-7791
7-la
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
7.3.2 Specific Treatments
o Eye Exposure
Immediately flush exposed eye with copious amounts of water, using
emergency eye wash station.
o Skin Exposure
Wash contaminated area with mild soap and water immediately.
o Inhalation
Remove person to clean air. Perform artificial respiration and/or CPR,
if appropriate.
o Swallowing
Contact nearest hospital or poison control center for instructions.
o Burns
Immediately treat acid, caustic and the:rmal burns by rinsing in cold
water then report promptly to SHSO or his/her designee.
Movement of an injured person/s should be avoided unless the injured person/s is in
immediate danger.
7 .4 Occupational Injuries and Illnesses
All recordable occupational injuries and illnesses ru, required by the regulations
issued under the Occupational Safety and Health Act will be recorded on the
appropriate form. Occupational injuries and illness1!s will be recorded within 48
hours of the recordable case as required by law.
7.5
0
0
DCC#H457
Fire
Notify appropriate plant personnel.
Localized ( controlled) use fire extinguisher and/or fire blanket to
extinguish.
7-2
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
0 Uncontrolled follow established plant fire procedures.
7.6 Emergency Site Evacuation Procedure!t
7.6.1 Evacuation Plan
In the event that an emergency arises, including but not limited to fire, explosion or
significant toxic gas release into the ambient atmosphere, an air horn will be
activated. The horn will sound continuously for approximately 15 seconds. All
personnel will evacuate the site and assemble at a location to be named later.
Necessary instructions concerning the evacuation will be given at that time. After the
emergency has been resolved, the Site Health and Safety Officer will indicate that
work can be resumed.
Under no circumstances will incoming visitors be allowed to proceed to the fire area
once an alarm has been sounded. Visitors or other persons present in the area of the
emergency shall be instructed to evacuate the area.
All project personnel will be instructed on proper emergency responses and how to
contact facility personnel in case of an emergency.
Front-end loaders, drill rigs and/or other combustion apparatus shall be shut down
once an alarm has been sounded. Operators and other support personnel will then
proceed to the site assembly location immediately for further instructions.
7.7 Communications
If communication at the work site is necessary, it may be done via 2-way radio
communications. Verbal communication at the site can be impacted by the on-site
background noise and the use of personal protective equipment. For effective
communications, commands can be prearranged and additional audio or visual cues
will help convey the messages.
At the site, personnel could use one of the following means of communication:
DCC#H457 7-3
I
I
I DEVICE 1YPE OF COMMUNICATIONS SIGNAL
I 2-Way Radio To each other Assigned radio No.
To field HQ/ Assigned radio No.
I nonemergency
I To field HQ/emergency Code Red/assigned No.
I Compressed To Field/nonemergency One long,one short blast.
Air Horn
I To Field/emergency 3 long blasts
I Evacuation Continuous blast.
(15 seconds)
I Visual To each other Arms waved in circle
I distress/need help over head
I Break,lunch,end of day Two hands together
break apart
I Contaminated air/ Hands clutching throat
strong odor
I To field/evacuate area Arms waved in criss-cross
I over head
I
I
I
I
DCC#H457 7.4
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
APPENDIX I
MATERIAL SAFElY DATA SHEETS/HEALTH DATA
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Occupational Health Guideline for
lsopropylether
INTRODUCTION
This guideline is intended as a source of information for
employees, employers, physicians, industrial hygienists,
and other occupational health professionals who may
have a need for such information. It docs not attempt to
present all data; rather, it presents pertinent information
and data in summary form.
SUBSTANCE IDENTIFICATION
• Formula: ((CH,).CH).()
• Synonyms: Diisopropyl ether; 2-isopropoxypropane
• Appearance and odor: Colorless liquid with a sharp,
sweet, ether-like odor.
PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMIT (PEL)
The current OSHA standard for isopropylether is 500
parts of isopropylether per million parts of air (ppm)
averaged over an eight-hour work shift. This may also
be expressed as 2100 milligrams of isopropylether per
cubic meter of air (mg/m'). The American Conference
of Governmental Industrial Hygienists has recommend-
ed for isopropylether a Threshold Limit Value of 250
ppm.
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
• Routea of exposure
lsopropylether can affect the body if it is inhaled or if it
comes in contact with the eyes or skin. It can also affect
the body if it is swallowed.
• EtfectB of o .. rexposure
l. Shon-term E.rposun.· Strong concentrations of iso-
propylether vapors may cause irritation of the eyes and
nose. Animal experiments suggest that exposure to high
concentrations of this chemical may cause drowsiness,
dizziness, and unconsciousness.
], Long-term E.rposurr: Repeated or prolonged expo-
sure to liquid isopropylether may cause dryness and
irritation of the skin.
J, Rtponing Signs and Symptoms: A physician should be
contacted if anyone develops any signs or symptoms
and suspects that they are caused by exposure to
isopropylether.
• Recommended medical suneillance
The following medical procedures should be made
available to each employee who is exposed to isopropy-
lether at potentially hazardous levels:
1. Initial M,.Jical Scrttning: Employees should be
screened for history of certain medical conditions
(listed below) which might place the employee at
increased risk. from isopropylether exposure.
-Chronic respiratory disease: In persons with im-
paired pulmonary function, especially those with ob-
structive ainNay diseases, the breathing of isopropy-
lether might cause exacerbation of symptoms due to its
irritant properties.
-Skin disease: Isopropylether is a defatting agent
and can cause dermatitis on prolonged exposure. Per-
sons with pre-existing skin disorders may be more
susceptible to the effects of this agent.
2. Periodic Medical Examination: Any employee devel-
oping the above-listed conditions should be referred for
further medkal examination.
• Summary of toxicology
lsopropylether vapor is a mild irritant of the eyes and
mucous membranes; high levels cause narcosis in ani-
mals. Animals exposed to 30,000 ppm for I hour showed
signs of narcosis. Exposure of human subjects to 800
ppm for S minutes caused irritation of the eyes and nose
and some reported respiratory discomfort; exposure to
500 ppm for IS minutes was not irritating, but at 300
ppm one third of the subjects objected to the unpleasant
odor. The liquid dropped in the eye of a rabbit caused
minor injury. In rabbits, repeated skin exposure to the
liquid for 10 days caused dermatitis, possibly due to
defatting action.
These recommendations reflect good industrial hygiene and medical surveillance practices and their implementation will
assist in achieving an effective occupational health program. However, they may not be sufficient to achieve compliance
with all requirements of OSHA regulations.
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEAL TH AND HUMAN SERVICES
Public Health Service Centers tor Disease Control
National lnst1tu1e lor Occupational Safety and Health
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
1
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
• Physical data
I. Molecular weight: 102.2
2. Boiling point (760 mm Hg): 68.9 C (156 F)
3. Specific gravity (water= I): 0.7
4. Vapor density (air = I at boiling point of isopro-
pylether): 3.5
5. Melting point: -85 C ( -I 21 F)
6. Vaporpressureat20C(68 F): 119mmHg
7. Solubility in water, g/100 g water at 20 C (68 F):
0.2
8. Evaporation rate (butyl acetate = I): 8
• ReactiTity
I. Conditions contributing to instability: Contact
with air causes formation of explosive peroxides that
may detonate when heated or subjected to shock.
2. Incompatibilities: Contact with strong oxidizers
may cause fires and explosions.
3. Hazardous decomposition products: Toxic gases
and vapors (such as carbon monoxide) may be released
in a fire involving isopropylether.
4. Special precautions: Isopropylether will attack
some forms of plastics, rubber, and coatings.
• F1emmab1Uty
I. Flash point: -27.8 C (-18 F) (closed cup)
2. Autoignition temperature: 443 C (830 F)
3. Flammable limits in air, % by volume: Lower: 1.4;
Upper: 7.9
4. Extinguishant: Alcohol foam, dry chemical,
carbon dioxide
• Warning properties
I. Odor Threshold: Patty states that 35% of human
subjects exposed experimentally to isopropylether "ob-
jected to the unpleasant odor of this solvent at a vapor
concentration of 300 ppm."
2. Irritation Level: Patty states that "Silverman et al.
reported that humans exposed to a vapor concentration
of 500 ppm isopropyl ether for 15 minutes while watch-
ing a movie noted no irritating properties .... At 800
ppm for 5 minutes most subjects reported irritation of
the eyes and nose, and the most sensitive reported
respiratory discomfort."
3. Evaluation of Warning Properties: Through its
odor and irritant effects, isopropylether can be detected
at or slightly above the permissible exposure limit.
For the purposes of this guideline, therefore, isopropy-
lether is treated as a material with good warning
properties.
2 leopropylether
MONITORING AND MEASUREMENT
PROCEDURES
• General
Measurements to determine employee exposure are best
taken so that th,: average eight-hour exposure is based
on a single eight-hour sample or on two four-hour
samples. Several short-time interval samples (up to 30
minutes) may a.lso be used to determine the average
exposure level. Air samples should be taken in the
employee's breathing zone (air that would most nearly
represent that inhaled by the employee).
• Method
Sampling and analyses may be performed by collection
of vapors using an adsorption tube with subsequent
desorption with carbon disulfide and gas chromatogra-
phic analysis. Also, detector tubes certified by NIOSH
under 42 CFR Part 84 or other direct-reading devices
calibrated to measure isopropylether may be used. An
analytical method for isopropylether is in the NIOSH
Manual of Analytical Methods. 2nd Ed., Vol. 3, 1977,
available from the Government Printing Office, Wash-
ington, D.C. 20402 (GPO No. 017-033-00261-4).
RESPIRATORS
• Good industrial hygiene practices recommend that
engineering controls be used to reduce environmental
concentrations to the permissible exposure level. How-
ever, there are some exceptions where respirators may
be used to control exposure. Respirators may be used
when engineering and work practice controls are not
technically feasible, when such controls are in the
process of being installed, or when they fail and need to
be supplemented. Respirators may also be used for
operations whic:h require entry into tanks or closed
vessels, and in emergency situations. If the use of
respirators is necessary, the only respirators permitted
are those that have been approved by the Mine Safety
and Health Admirtistration (formerly Mining Enforce-
ment and Safeiy Administration) or by the National
Institute for Occ.upatiooal Safety and Health.
• In addition to respirator selection, a complete respira-
tory protection program should be instituted which
includes regulaLI" training, maintenance, inspection,
cleaning, and evaluation.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
• Employees should be provided with and required to
use impervious ,:lathing, gloves, face shields (eight-inch
minimum), and other appropriate protective clothing
necessary to prevent repeated or prolonged skin contact
with liquid isopropylether.
Septomber 1978
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
• Clothing wet with isopropylether should be placed in
closed containers for storage until it can be discarded or
until provision is made for the removal of isopropy-
lether from the clothing. If the clothing is to be laun-
dered or otherwise cleaned to remove the isopropy-
lether, the person performing the operation should be
informed of isopropylether's hazardous properties.
• Any clothing which becomes wet with liquid isopro-
pylether should be removed immediately and not
rewom until the isopropylether is removed from the
clothing.
• Employees should be provided with and required to
use splash-proof safety goggles where liquid isopropy-
lether may contact the eyes.
SANITATION
• Skin that becomes wet with liquid isopropylether
should be promptly washed or showered with soap or
mild detergent and water to remove any isopropylether.
COMMON OPERATIONS ANO CONTROLS
The following list includes some common operations in
which exposure to isopropylether may occur and con-
trol methods which may be effective in each case:
Operation
Use as a solvent in
extraction processes,
rubber adhesives,
lacquers, resins, oils,
cellulose,
pharmaceutical
manufacture,
smokeless gunpowder,
and textile spot
cleaning
Use in organic
synthesis as an
alkylation agent;
emulsion breaker in
petroleum industry; and
as blending agent for
gasoline
Controls
Local exhaust
ventilation; general
dilution ventilation;
personal protective
equipment
Local exhaust
ventilation; general
dilution ventilation;
personal protective
equipment
EMERGENCY FIRST AID PROCEDURES
In the event of an emergency, institute first aid proce-
dures and send for first aid or medical assistance.
• Eye Exposure
If liquid isopropylether gets into the eyes, wash eyes
immediately with large amounts of water, lifting the
lower and upper lids occasionally. If irritation is present
after washing, get medical attention. Contact lenses
should not be worn when working with this chemical.
• Skin Exposure
September 1978
If liquid isopropylether gets on the skin, promptly wash
the contaminated skin using soap or mild detergent and
water. If liquid isopropylether soaks through the cloth-
ing, remove the clothing immediately and wash the skin
using soap or mild detergent and water. If irritation
persists after washing, get medical attention.
• Breathing
If a person breathes in large amounts of isopropylether.
move the el<posed person to fresh air at once. If
breathing has stopped, perform artificial respiration.
Keep the affected person warm and at rest. Get medical
attention as soon as possible.
• Swallowing
When isopropylether has been swallowed and the
person is conscious, give the person large quantities of
water immediately. After the water has been swal-
lowed, try to get the person to vomit by having him
touch the back of his throat with his finger. Do not
make an unconscious person vomit. Get medical atten-
tion immediately.
• Rescue
Move the affected person from the hazardous exposure.
If the exposed person has been overcome, notify some-
one else and put into effect the established emergency
rescue procedures. Do not become a casualty. Under-
stand the facility's emergency rescue procedures and
know the locations of rescue equipment before the need
arises.
SPILL, LEAK, AND DISPOSAL
PROCEDURES
• Persons not wearing protective equipment and cloth-
ing should bi, restricted from areas of spills or leaks until
cleanup has been completed.
• If isopropylether is spilled or leaked. the followrng
steps should be taken:
1. Remove all ignition sources.
2. Ventilate area of spill or leak.
J. For small quantities, absorb on paper towels. Evapo-
rate in a safe place (such as a fume hood). Allow
sufficient time for evaporating vapors to completely
clear the hood ductwork. Burn the paper in a suitable
location away from combustible materials. Large quan-
tities can be reclaimed or collected an·d atomized in a
suitable combustion chamber. Isopropylether should
not be allowed to enter a confined space, such as a
sewer. because of the possibility of an explosion. Sewers
designed to preclude the formation of explosive concen-
trations of isopropylether vapors ue permitted.
• Waste disposal method:
Isopropylether may be disposed of by atomizing in a
suitable combustion chamber.
REFERENCES
• American Conference of Governmental Industrial
Hygienists: "Isopropylether," Documentation of the
Threshold Limit Values for Substances in Workroom Air
lsopropylether 3
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
(3rd ed., 2nd printing), Cincinnati, 1974.
• International Labour Office: Encyclopedia of Occupa-
tional Health and Safety, McGraw-Hill, New York,
1971.
• Patty, F. A. (ed.): Toxicology, Vol. II of Industrial
Hygiene and Toxicology (2nd ed. rev.), lnterscience,
New York, 1963.
• Union Carbide Corporation, Industrial Medicine and
Toxicology Department: Toxicology Studies -fsopropy-
lether, New York. 1968.
RESPIRATORY PROTECTION FOR ISOPROPYLETHER
Condition Minimum Respirator~ Protection•
Required Above 500 ppm
Vapor Concentration
1 000 ppm or less A chemical cartridge respirator with a f1JII facepiece and an organic vapor
cartridge( s).
5000 ppm or less
10,000 ppm or less
Greater than 10,000 ppm or
entry and escape from
unknown concentrations
Fire Fighting
Escape
A gas mask with a chin-style organic vapor canister.
A gas mask with a iront-or back-mounted c,rganic vapor canister.
Any supplied-air respirator with a full facepi,ice, helmet, or hood.
Any self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece.
Self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated in pressure-
demand or other positive pressure mode.
A combination respirator which includes a Type C supplied-air respirator with a
full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure or continu-
ous-flow mode and an auxiliary self-contained breathing apparatus operated in
pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode.
Self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated in pressure-
demand or other positive pressure mode.
Any gas mask providing protection against organic vapors.
Any escape self-contained breathing apparatus.
'Only NIOSH-approved or MSHA-approved equipment should be used.
4 laopropylelher September 1971
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
·-=-: -

-
Vulcan MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET
CHEMICALS 24 Hour Emergency Phone [phone]
P O 901 7689 • 8irm1ng11.1m. AL J525J·061:,9
I -IDENTIFICATION
C1-1CM1C>L N,\ME
Pentachlorophero.l CHEMICAL FORMULA MOLEC..UL.4.A WEIGHT 'tCl.,C1i 266,32
TA.4.0f NA1r.4E
cl./\2Jfl Penta. &lode. ~
SYNQNVM.S
Penta, PC', Technical Grade Pa' 00T IDENTIFICATION NO
NP. 9188
i
II -PRODUCT ANO COMPONENIT DATA
(:0MPONEN~1 . .S1 C~~l;MICAL r-.AME C.AS f1F.G1$,.AY NO •• 1A9001) Pentachloropheml 87--86-5
2, 3, 4, 6-Tetn,chloropheool ~2 2 Hydra,cypolychlomilbenzo Ethers 5
For additional information refer to rote in Section VI,
CJuuuc Tooc.1ty.
~= The hazartls of thl.s product are ooaed Cl'1 •tudies
ci,°thl.s or similar products,
111-PHYSICAL DATA
APPE.4.AANCE ,-,NQ ODOf~ SPCCIFIC GRAVITY
70 Hl6/tt3 Light brc..,r, or tan flake or solid Flake b..Llk deniity a
801L.!N(; POI~-VAPOR OENSITY iN AIR (Air -1) 3!0'C (Hele~ Point: 190'C) NIA
VAPO~ µ!=IESSUAE '"'. VOl.ATILE. 81' VOLUME NIA 0
EVAPORATION A.ATE SOl.U81LJTY IN WATER NIA 14 ppn @ .D°C
IV-REACTIVITY DATA
ShBILfTY CONDITIONS TO AVOID Stahle ~tible rmtertal.9 llited telo.1
INCOMPATIBILJT't' :Mare,1a1510 ,fVOIIO: Stttre Cld.d:izers artl alkalies.
HAZARDOUS 0£C0MPOSITION P900UCTS
~cgen dtloride, chlorine, chlorinated iiydrocarbo!ll
M~AOOUS POL Y'-4ERIZA TIQN 1 rot cx:wr
A.CGIH TLV-TW~ 0,.5 rtfl)
Nooe
t-bne
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I V-FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARD DATA
~l,.l$J-, P01NT ;Yemoo ... s~Ol j t=LAMM-'.f3l F. L,Mlf':j 'N AIA
Nale ' ~ ',
EXflNGUISM1NG AGENTS
Nale
U"-V$UAI F!AF ANO P K~\.OSION !➔AZ.a.ACS
Toxic gases ...,. foD!led ~ c:t-eI:118.l ooccr.ipoo1t 100. Firefighters .shruld "'?ar self cmtained poa1-tlve pressure breach1~ apparatu&, ard l!IX)id skin <Dntact.
VI -TOXICITY AND FIRST AID
Affill!: 0 ,5 ag,imJ 8 hcur TWA
01&1 0 ,5 ag,1m3 8 hcur Tl/A
(akin absotl)tion P'.)8s1bl.e)
*Proposed ,\il;Il! Biological Expooure milces
2 ~L urine
5~Lpla.s,,a
~er to: Thresinld Umc Values Aro Biological Expo.sure Ind.1::!:!_ for 1987-88.
E"&e1.s dincribed ,n '.t\1!1 ,e-crion lr~ ne,,e .. Cd IVl! to~, 11 e•00s11Ies are ""11In1a1"'eo al 01 ~ ..... ,~"croor,me n 1/!1 a.-:a_,:s• 01 r,9 w,0. ¥'&1'1IUOI\ ,n 11"1d,v1ou,\j !k.l!\Cf"OIIC1l1ty, r:_·.;, ,.,,y !'IOI~ ilOP11':A~ !O .i1 C)ef!;OllS and \l'IOse #llli m~1(.,ll condi!IOl'11 l:Sle-cl oe,ow MEOicM. CONDITIONS AGGRAVATED av EXPOSURE
Arute or dlrarlc kidney or liver dise.ase, astiTrl, broochic1s, du"tJnic acne ,a,-d other skin cormtions.
A(;UTE TOXICITY ;,nma.ry route\5' oi ••oosur• ~Ingestion
Inhalation: CDocentrat1c:x,s of o.J r.w:n3 CBn cause rose 1n1tatfon. Caic,,>.Iltratiorn above l ~.,,J
CBn c:;nisa in1tat1on cf. '-'PF"' n:,,;piratory tract "1th sroetirg ard crughing. Per,;ons acclimated co pentachlorq,henol can tolerate levels ah:Ne 2 ;rgj,n3. ~ta:s elf CM!re,cposure include rnpid he,irt-
beat .ni respiraticri, elevated teq,erature ard blood preisure, nusa.i.Lar """'3kness, excess.J.Vl! ~acing, d1zZ1.ness ~ nausea. High o:xicentratlons can cause ll1<'.0llclrusness, cmvulsions an:l death ~e,ierallv . , . f l'01I card.1 ac arrest •
Skin: ?entachlorq,hero.l is readily absorbed chrru,c;j1 intact skfa. Pentachlorq,he,nl. 1n solution can be rea:tily absorbed thrrur,h intact skin in ca>dc ,cnmcs, c:.'.lUSing .sysc~c polsooi.,ig anl s)"l)CCJ1l5 dascribed in the Inha..l.atlm section. Pentachlorq,i"v?ml en the skin can =ise irritation,
P.ves: ?entachlorq,t-cnol causes 1rr1tatl.on of tl"E! eyes ilt 1 q;i.,J. lf e,cposure 1s pro~, slight ~
transierit a:,~ dim,age = cx:OJr,
I!l.estion: SJ.rg.L! cbse to,r;icicy is ~-S)'!llltans of ir-4:estion d!'e those described in the Inha.latioo 5'!<:t.ian.
'bee: ?entachlorq,henol ""'fOIOIT"~ C')I any ra.ite ::,ay result in the late develnJr.>,nt of a sk.1n aniltlon
lcna;n dB chloracne. (See Om:nic Toxicity Section).
~IPST AIO
Ici-....lation: :-tiYe v1ct1m to fr=h air, If breat~ has stq,fni, ~n1st~r artificial rnspiration.
Call a physician,
Skin: Pa,,c,ve contanlnated clothing :m:l sines, '-ash >kin thnrrughly with soap ~ w;:iter for .lt le,,st 15 minlces. \,ash aint.'.lllinacoo clot~ re fore reu..e,
~: Flush eyes lmrediately with water for at least 1 S euruces.. Cont,,ct a p'iy,;iciM,
Irsestion: Call a i:t,ysici.-.n .r Poison CMtrol Center illrlladiaceli•. lf possible, vcrn1t1~ slDJ..ld re
iruua,d under nlldical supetv1S1on. Drirk one n,-c..> ~asses of ,,.cer ,"D"d Jnd\,ce vaniting C')I tcuc:hfrg the bsck of cnraat "1th ft~er. fJo not induce vcmit~ or gi"8 1111}'1:hir,g t,,, cn.ith en 11n ,nconsdw,,
pO!!l'!lal,
IOIE 10 PH'l'SICIAN: nu,, praiuct i.s a motabolic ~tii:11l.ll11:. 'l'rearnr:mc i.,, ~pp:,n:iv,:,, forced diuresis r.iay be affoctive co recuce total b.xly burden. 'l'roac rryp,,rtht!rm1,i with rh:1s1cal c-eaSunes. ,'Jo noc amu.nister ,.;p1r1n, prercch1az1r.es, or atrq,ine since they c:l!I)' ertwice ccoactty.
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
:r-<i::IQ"IIC j,Ji,.,;:~,
The fin:1ir:.: of c.~ronic toxic C!fiacts 1r. L1Xlr<1tor:..-a."".i~l~ :n.·t~· ird.!:-.. 1c:: :cixicity ~o ;l.nl115 •
Ovt!~ure s:ULlci l:e avoiCCC, f.1i:1Jl'e ':o do so cui.d ~sult: !;-: !...7.~ur::, :1:n0Ss or ~-'l'n ~ath.
Chratic c,.,•e~u:-c tr; teciT.1ca: ;rA&;e ~:1t,1.C:lo~i1er.nl. t'la;:; C..'ll:St"d 1..i~r clZ1d i<..idney toxic l!ffoccs in expe rimmt al ani::,,l.s •
f.arcinceenicity: Technical Grade "encatt.!.or~f'a?nol \uc; :x:~.n ~1al1J..1t:t~1 for possible cmx:.er CBLl!ii~ effects 1n 1'1:orntory ani:rnls. Raes ex;x,sed ~· ~~~•tion co rona,ntrat:wns up co 30 rrg/k,<:/d.ay for 2 ve,irs ard ™" stra1,,s of ,n; ce ~ by ingestion to ooncent rations u~ to 46 .4 ,i:/"8,'day did mt sro, an 111J::r,,.15e inddern-in tlill)r,,, 1'-<:> strai.•1s rrf mice were also ce.sted by l.llfit-.; Technical
(:rade Pent e1c.hlorq:,herol suixuc aneaisl y 1 nJ ect t!d. Those m1 ce did mt sin, an increased lnc:ldence of tU1Drs,
Pentachloroohenol, 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorq,l-eml and hydrcxypolycltlorcdilr.nzo ethers """ roe l.tsted er, the ~. ll'TP or OSHA c.arct~n l.tsts.
Reoroductive Toocltv: The U.S. F.l'A has deteIT!tinoo that ,:,,nr.~chlor~herol can proo= defects L~ tre offspri~ of lahorotory i!J1J.JAAls, ExposUI'Q to pent.!Chlnrq,hero,l dirir.g pregnancy srntld l:n ilVOided, Reprcrluctive tcridd ty tests r.,ve teen <r-rducted to evaluate the potential a:tverse effects technical grade ard purifioo penrachlor~herol ll11Y t-.3ve er. repm:lucti.on am offsprifl: of l.sbol':ltory animals, Both technical ard punfioo pentl!Chlorq,1-erul have !:e,an farn to !:e er.ibryo and fotocoxic to rncs, tut noc to t-err,,eers. ~trcr technical grade nor purified pent3cltlorq,hero:,l cau:.ed tax,ito,;:enic effects (b1nh defects), bJt did ci,use ool,iys 1n oormal feta.l. develop;oent,
Chloracne: In tw.ins, the arsorption crf pentachlorq,herol by ariy rcute rot!'/ rosult in tilt: wvelo;m,nt of the skin a:n:!itioo, d-Joram,, This usually appears as b.L,1d<l18nds, loniteheads .nl yella, cysts a,er tl'e te,,.:,le,i ard nrc11nd the "'"· In !levere cases, i:ivolva:ent: rny t:e exce~ive. !-ti.ld ca9es may be sirn!.lar 1n appear= to ocher foil!IS of acnt! and to skin dla.1'!~• CUlT:O(Uy 9€en llith agirg,
~•: This pro:iuct axtt:ains trace quant it les crf re:xa a-.: hepc ochloroo i ::enzo-i:,---d.iCJX:iru: aid hexa and heptachlorcrlH:e~.znfura.-,;, If further information is desired, caitilCt Vulcan Oenic.a.ls Technic.tl Se moe Deoart:ient
VII -PERSONAL PROTECTION AND CONTROLS
A[')PtRAT{)RY PRCJTE~-TIQN
I.here concentrations of per.tachlorq,herul =.P.OOs or are Wcely to exct!ed .s "&"1113, an sppr"""d Ol')sanic vapor-dust filter type respirator is acceptabla, Apl)t'CM!d self-contained ir,,athir.g .<pparatus or air line respirator, with full faa, pieca, is required for concentratiaio abcMI !50.0 ~,.J, or cilrirll: '""'rgen:y and •pills • FollDw appllcab~ respirator use scmrlar'ds ~ regulat.icns.
VENTILATION
Do l):)t use 1n clOSEl:i or confined s.aoe. ~ cbors inl/or windows,
maJ.ntain e,q,oaure leYels l:>el.c., 0 .5 ~nil . Use ventilition to
SKIN PAOr~CTION wear rv~, nooprtne, nitrile latex or s:iuivalent gl,ives .:rd t4:htly loOYeI1 clothing ixlcrli~ l~ sleeve shin when mndlirg flake or solid penca. ~ MiJci 'll penca soluticn;, .ear protective clot~, gloves and roots or sines, wtich ;ire suitable for th!! solvent ce.i"!! used,
r:Yt '-'~UTEC:T1QN
\./ear safety glasses • ContllCt le recs slni.ld noc be worn. \.l,en ~ penta soluciors, 1earCM':lical goggles and/or faca shield.
HYQIENE
Avoid catt:act "1th skin ard bre.athu@ d.Jst, Do oot eat , dri!V<, or ,r.rike 1n wrlc 4I'l!a. Wa,;h h.ll'ds prior to eat~, driiidrg or using restroou. ~ into U!lCO<'il:IEtiMtad clothing IEfore leav1rg worlc preaises, (Refer to Seetia1 VIII).
OTSER CONTROi. MEASURE$
To detei::mine tl'e e,q,osure 1-l(s), mnitorir@ •1-wld be pi!!formed ~ly, Saf ecy stn.!!r ard eye WMh station stwld be available, lbte: Protective equip,,ent n clot~ str.uld be selected, used, ard lfllintained accordi~ to applicable stardal'ds ard r,,gulations. For further Wornntia1, ca11:acc the clothi1l, or equiim,rc: 111n1facturer ar the Vulcan OilJ!li.cals le:mical SeNice ll!!partment.
'
i
I
I I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
------------------------------------------,
VIII -STORAGE AND HANDLING PRECAUTIONS
Follcu procectivv coocrals sec forth 1n Section VII 1./hen handlillo: thi.i product. Store in properly lat-eled ainta.iners 1n dry, ~u .entilaced seo.,r~ ;irea. !rorooghly "'-Sh potentially ce11tlhinated clothirl{ before raise, Do rot launder \./Ori< dot~ w1 th other ocn-ccriuuinatB'.l clothes .rd/or ~el-old 1,,.niry, Cont.niM.ted clothir@, roots or equi;menr sro.ild rot t::e taken OO'le, Do roe fflll:IVe or deface label,
Do rot tiaUOO druns or !:oxes for .-iy p.,rpose,
C.OOtainer llisp:lGal: Cmi>letely ~ty drtEI or liner into !!pplicatlon equ4ffl,nt, Tr1p1e rinse a-clean ~ty dN11S 1 linera .-id hlock wrappL-igs in accorrlarce v.lth 40 era 26!.7(b)()) prior to atfertrq,; for record.it1awig, recyclire or ocn.r disf)0941. For ~daoce, co,tac:t too nearest EPA regional office or State Agen<:y autrorized to .rlninister t)-.e ~rurce c.:inservo.tion and RecOVl!ry Act (RC,A).
IX -SPILL LEAK ANO DISPOSAi. PRACTICES
~TP'PS TO SE TA.M.EN 1N CASE MATERIAL IS AELEA$EO OR SPILLED
Ventilate sp1ll area and a,..,id tre..thing du.st or vapors. Gean up spilled onterial (""'ar protecti.., equ1µnent -See Section VII) m1 place in close:1 container for xinM.l llse 1f p:,,;si,le or pr~r dispo;al. Penta is t(l)dc to fish arrl wildlife; do '.10t allo., to oont.nJ.Mte grrund or surface •~tern. Reportable Quantity (I()) is lO lbs. .'«:>tify National ,:e,r,:,nse C..mrnr (8C()/!.24--8002) of uncootralla:l spills in ei<eeGS of ~.
WASTE !JISPOSAL MET HOO
Pesticide D15p:,,;al: Pesticide t.laStes a,,i ao..itely hazardous, LJlllroper disp=al of excess pesc1c1de, spray mixture ot" riooatl! ts a violat.1on of federal. law, If these wastes cannot oo disp:isoo of by use accordL,g to lal:el instructions, c:ootact :,-cur State Pesticide or Envircrr.cntal Cuatrol .¾lency, or the Haz.drdrus ;,'aste repn.sertacive at the nearest EPA r-<'l'(ional office for ~d.-iro?.
X -TRANSPORTATION
OOT H~Z>.AO CL.A$$,FICA Tl()N
~. Haurdo.u; Sutlli'.mn, n.o.s., RQ
~-_ .. L;.,1:,. ;.;:,..;u:,=,~:,
Ible
L>.8EL ~EOUIAED
<»t-E. Label a9 required ~ EPA ani ~ ~ llazard O::rnunicaticn St;ll>Jan:f, ard Jirt apPllc.:ible state am local regulaticns •
Medical Emergenclea
Call collect 24 hours a day
for emergency toxicological
Information 4151821-5338
Other Emergency information
Call 316;524-5751 (24 hours)
For any othe•r information contact:
Vulcan Chemicals
Technical S11rvice Department
P.O. Box 76-89
Birmingham, AL 35253-0689
2051877•345!1
8 AM to S PM Central Time
Monday through Friday I i._o,._r_e_OF_PRE_P_•_R_•TION __ , ___ 0cc __ oi._r_1_,_1_9_8_7 __________________________ ~ _ __,
~OTICI: Yule.,,, Cti9"'1ca!s t>f!tlllhe1i rn;,it n,e 1ntormaN,,.. C(,t1l,1m.a o,, 11··,a M&lltf1,,1 ~;;1f1ty O•t• $r,~ •'l i11.l:l.ri11e. n·,. -.,_•~1:w::.1,c p,:-,r.~1.,\~.,,; ,,ru lJ,u,eo 1,1.., ,.-1-,~,,,:.,1, ,_. .,., .)' "11; I ~"1~ 01 OoOIQho,, Tlsey .,, 1'101 niit,t.i,,:..i1.iy a1l,,l"Clu~1ve -,n, .".,Hv ,ICJvoi..:.ttl' ,,, evf!ry circ1.m1:ancf't. ,, . .-,,c) :",; :;v~esr,.v•~ ~:1w·c r-c,t :i,e ,:,~r,1,,~~-~ .,,:·1 -or 'oii.1w""1 ,., .,,. ,,,l,v" JI iu,t,cf.Ole 1•w!I, reQ\Jll\hO,.,, ,uln Of 1n'1ur,-nco ,eou1r•m1n1, NO WARRANTY. EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, OF MERCHANTA91CITY, ATNESS OR OTHERWISE IS MAoe Form 3239-7 Jt)
I
I
I
I
I
I
APPENDIX II
I DECONTAMINATION PROCEDURES
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
DECONTAMINATION PROCEDURES
MODIFIED LEVEL C
l.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Equipment Drop
Outer Garment.Boots,
and Gloves Wash and Rinse
Outer Boots and Glove Removal
Outer Garment Removal
Field Wash
Level C DecontAJ11ination
1. Equipment Drop
2.
3.
outer Gar!Mnt,Boots,
and Gloves liulsh and Rinse
Outer Boots.Glove
Rentoval
Depo\Si t equipment used on-site (tools.monitoring instruments) on plastic drop cloths.Segreg-ation at the drop reduces the probability of cross contam-inat1on.
Scrub outer boots.outer gloves and ~;plash suit( if worn) with decon solution or detergent wash water. Rinse off using large• amounts of water.
Remove outer boots and gloves. Deposit desposables in a con-tainer with plastio liner. •
Tyvek Coverall,inner gloves are removed and deposited in a plastic lined container.
Hands,ar~s and face thoroughly washed. soon as possible.
are to be
Shower as
Equip11ent used on-site place on pl.l,stio drop cloths. Separation at the drop reduc" the-probability of cross con-tamination.
Scrub outer boots,outer gloves and splash suit(if worn)with decon solution or detergent water. Rin-off with large amounts of wator.
Remove outer boots and gloves. Deposit desposa:>l-in con-tainer with plastic liner
Pagel
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
0
4.
5.
6.
7.
Cartrige/Canister or
Mask Change
Boots,Gloves and
Outer Garment
Removal
Respirator Removal
Field Wash
If worker leaves work zone to change cartridge/canister or mask, this is last step in the decon procedure. Worker's cartridges/canister is ex-chan9e, outer gloves and boots are donned, joints taped and worker returns to work zone.
Boots,chemical splash suit(if worn),tyvek suits,inner gloves removed and deposited in separate containers lined in plast.ic.
Respirator is removed. Avoid touching face with fingers. Respirators should be placed plastic bags and cleaned
Hands,arms and face
thoroughly washed.
soon as possible.
Page 2
are to be
Shol,jer as
I
I
I
I
I.
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
ANNEX 3
LEVEL C DECONTAMINATION . '
A. EQUIPMENT WORN
The full decontam1nat1on procedure out11ned is for workers wearing
Level C protect1on {w1th taped jo1nts between gloves, boots, and
su1t) cons1st1ng of:
. One-p1ece, hooded, chem1cal-res1stant splash suit,
. Canister equ1pped, full-face mask.
-Hard hat. -
-Chemical-res1stant, steel toe and shank boots,.
-Boot covers.
-Inner and outer gloves,
8. PROCEDURE FOR FULL DECONTAMINATION
Station 1: Segregated Equ1pment Drop
Deposit equ1pment used on-site (tools, sampling devices and containers,
monitor1ng 1nstruments, radios, clipboards, etc.) on plastic drop
cloths or 1n d1fferent containers with plastic liners. Each will be
contaminated to a d1fferent degree, Segregation it the drop reduces
the probability of cross-contamination,
Equ1pment: various size containers
plastic liners
plastic drop cloths
Station 2: Boot Cover and Glove Wash
Scrub outer boot covers and gloves with decon solution or detergent/
water.
Equipment: conta1ner (20-30 gallons)
decon solut1on
or
detergent water
2-3 long-handle, soft-bristle scrub brushes
A3-1
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
D
D
Station 3: Boot Cover and Glove Rinse
Rinse off decon solution from Station 2 using copious amounts of water. Repeat as many times as necessary. :·
Equipment: container (30-50 gallons)
or
high-pressure spray unit
water
2-3 long-handle, soft bristle scrub brushes
Station 4: Tape Removal
Remove tape around boots and gloves and deposit in container with pl as t i c 1 i ne r •
Equipment: container (20-30 gallons)
plastic liners
Station 5: Boot Cover Removal
Remove boot covers and deposit in container with plastic liner.
Equipment: container (30-50 gallons)
plastic liners
bench or stool
Station 6: Outer Glove Removal
Remove outer gloves and deposit in container with plastic liner.
Equipment: container (20-30 gallons)
plastic 1 iners
Station 7: Suit/Safety Boot Wash
Thoroughly wash splash suit and safety boots. Scrub with long-handle, soft-bristle scrub brush and copious amounts of decon solution or detergent/water. Repeat as many times as necessary.
Equipment: container (30-50 gallons)
decon solution
or
detergent/water
2-3 long-handle, soft-bristle scrub brushes
Station 8: Suit/Safety Boot Rinse
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
a
R
I
I
I
Rinse off decon solution or detergent/water using copious amounts of water. Repeat as many times as necessary.
Equipment: container (30-50·gallons)
Station 9:
or
high-pressure spray unit water
2-3 long-handle, soft-bristle scrub brushes
Canister or Mask Change
If worker leaves Exclusion Zone to change canister (or mask), this is the last step in the decontamination procedure. Worker's canister is exchanged, new outer gloves and boots covers donned, and joints taped. Worker returns to duty.
Equipment: canister (or mask)
tape
boot covers
gloves
Station 10: Safety Boot Removal
Remove safety boots and deposit in container with plastic liner.
Equipment: container (30-50 gallons)
plastic liners
bench or stool
boot jack
Station 11: Splash Suit Removal
With assistance of helper, remove splash suit. Deposit in container with plastic liner.
Equipment: container (30-50 gallons)
bench or stool
liner
Station 12: Inner Glove Wash
Wash inner gloves with decon solution or detergent/water that will not harm skin. Repeat as many times as necessary.
Equipment: decon solution
or
detergent/water
basin or bucket
A3-3
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
D
I
D
I
Stat1on 13: Inner Glove R1nse
R1nse 1nner gloves w1th water. Repeat as many t1mes as necessary,
Equ1pment: water
bas1n or bucket
small table
Stat1on 14: Facepiece Removal
Remove facepiece. Avoid touching face with gloves. Deposit facepiece in container with plastic liner.
Equipment: container (30-50 gallons)
plastic liners
Station 15: Inner Glove Removal
Remove inner gloves and deposit in container w1th plast1c 11ner,
Equipment: container (20-30 gallons)
plastic liners
Station 16: Inner Clothing Removal
Remove clothing soaked with perspiration. plastic liner. Do not wear inner clothing a possibility small amounts of contaminants transferred in removing splash suite,
Equipment: container (30-50 gallons)
plastic liners
Station 17: Field Wash
Place in container with
off-site since there is
might t1ave been
Shower if highly toxic, skin-corrosive are known or suspected to be present. is not available.
or skin-absorbable materials
Wash hands and face if shower
Equipment: water
soap
tables
wash basins/buckets
field showers
Station 18: Redress
Put on clean clothes. A dressing trailer is needed in inclement weather,
A3-4
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
H
I
I
I
s
I
T
1
2
3
4
Equipment: tables
chairs
lockers
clothes
C. FULL DECONTAMINATION (SIT. I) AND THREE MODIFICATIONS
STATION NUMBER
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
X X X X X X X X X
X X X X X X
X X X X
15 16 17 18
X X X X
X X X
Situation 1: The individual entering the Contamination Reduction Corridor
is observed to be grossly contaminated or extremely skin corrosive substances
are known or suspected to be present.
Situation 2: Same as Situation 1 except individual needs new canister or
mask and will return to Exclusion Zone,
Situation 3: Individual entering the CRC is expected to be minimally
contaminated. Extremely skin-corrosive materials are not present. No
outer gloves or boot covers are worn. Inner gloves are not contaminated.
Situation 4: Same as Situation 3 except individual needs new canister or
mask and will return to Exclusion Zone.
A3-5
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
H
I
I
I
I
I
EXCLUSION
ZONE
OUTIA <llOVI TAl't AIMOVAJ. AIMOVAJ.
IOOT COVIA
AIMOVAJ.
IIOAIQATl0
10U1'Mllff DAO,
-•--•-·--·-· •-•-•-•-•-••-•-•-•~HOTUNI••-
CONTAMINATION
REDUCTION
ZONE
'11lD
WAIH
IUIT1'A11TI IOOT
WAIH
SUIT1'A11TI BOOT
AINU
LUITI BOOT
A[MOVAJ.
SPUIH SUIT
AIMOVAJ.
INNVI <llOVI
WAIH
INNIA OlOVI
AINII
INNIA OlOVI
RtMOVAl.
INNIA CLOTHING
RlMOVAl.
[
)ICONTAMINATION UYOVT
UYIL C P~OTICTION
'1QUAI 1.).1
CONTA.MINATION. __ •-•----•--•-•·-•-COHTR~ UHi •
~--<s11 RlDR!SI
A3-6
SUPPORT
ZONE
-
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
a
D
I
I
I
ANNEX 2
LEVEL B DECDNT~MINATION
A. EQJIPMENT WORN
The full decontamination procedure outlined is for workers wearing Level B protection (with taped joints between gloves, boot, and suit) consisting of:
-One-piece, hooded, chemical-resistant splash suit.
-Self-contained breathing apparatus.
-Hard hat.
-Chemical-resistant, steel toe and shank boots.
-Boot covers
Inner and outer gloves.
B. PROCEDURE FOR FULL DECONTAMINATION
Station 1: Segregated Equipment Drop
Deposit equipment used on-site (tools, sampling devices and containers, monitoring instruments, radios, clipboards, etc.) on plastic drop cloths or in different containers with plastic liners. Each will be contaminated to a different degree. Segregation at the drop reduces the probability of cross-contamination.
Equipment: various size containers
plastic liners
plastic drop cloths
Station 2: Boot Cover and Glove Wash
Scrub outer boot covers and gloves with decon solution or detergent/ water.
Equipment: container (20-30 gallons)
decon solution
or
detergent water
2-3· long-handle, soft-bristle scrub brushes
A2-l
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
H
I
I
I
I
I
Station 3: Boot Cover and Glove Rinse
Rinse off decon solution from Station 2 using copious amounts of
water, Repeat as many times as necessary. ·,
Equipment: container (30-50 gallons)
or
high-pressure spray unit
water
2-3 long-handle, soft-bristle scrub brushes
Station 4: Tape Removal
Remove tape around boots and gloves and deposit in container with
plastic liner.
Equipment: container (20-30 gallons)
plastic liners
Station 5: Boot Cover Removal
Remove boot covers and deposit in container with plastic liner.
Equipment: container (30-50 gallons)
plastic liners
bench or stool
Station 6: Outer Glove Removal
Remove outer gloves and deposit in container with plastic liner.
Equipment: container (20-30 gallons
plastic liners
Station 7: Suit/Safety Boot Wash
Thoroughly wash chemical-resistant splash suit, SCBA, gloves, and
safety boots. Scrub with long-handle, soft-bristle scrub brush
and copious amounts of decon solution or detergent/water. Wrap
SCBA regulator (if belt-mounted type) with plastic to keep out
water. Wash backpack assembly with sponges or cloths.
Equipment: container (30-50 gallons)
decon solution
or
detergent/water
2-3 long-handle, soft-bristle scrub brushes
small buckets
sponges or cloths
A2-2
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
g
I
I
I
I
Station 8: Suit/SC8A/8oot/Glove Rinse
Rinse off decon solution or det~rgent/water using copious amounts of water. Repeat as many times· as netessary.
Equipment: container (30-50 gallons)
Station 9:
or
nigh-pressure spray unit water
small buckets
Z-3 long-handle, soft-bristle scrub brushes sponges or cloths
Tank Change
If worker leaves Exclusion Zone to change air tank, this is the last step in the decontamination procedure. Worker'5 air tank is exchanged, new outer gloves and boots covers donned, and joints taped. Worker returns to duty.
Equipment: air tanks
tape
boot covers
gloves
Station 10: Safety Boot Removal
Remove safety boots and deposit in container with plastic liner. _
Equipment: container (30-50 gallons)
plastic liners
bench or stool
boot jack
Station 11: SCBA Backpack Remova 1
While still wearing facepiece, remove backpack and place on table. Disconnect hose from regulator valve and proceed to next station.
Equipment: table
Station 12: Splash Suit Removal
With assistance of helper, remove splash suit. Deposit in container with plastic liner.
Equipment: container (3D-50 gallons)
plastic liners
bench or stool
A2-3
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
D
I
I
I
Station 13: Inner Glove Wash
Wash inner gloves with decon solution or detergent/water that will
not harm skin. Repeat as many times as necessary.
Equipment: decon solution
or
detergent/water
basin or bucket
small table
Station 14: Inner Glove Rinse
Rinse inner gloves with water. Repeat as many times as necessary.
Equipment: water
basin or bucket
small table
Station 15: Facepiece Removal
Remove facepiece. Avoid touching face with gloves. Deposit in
container with plastic liner.
Equipment: container {30-50 gallons)
plastic liners
Station 16: Inner Glove Removal
Remove inner gloves and deposit in container with plastic liner.
Equipment: container {20-30 gallons)
plastic 1 iners
Station 17: Inner Clothing Removal
Remove clothing soaked with perspiration. Place in container with
plastic liner. Do not wear inner clothing off-site since there is
a possibility small amounts of contaminants might have been
transferred in removing fully encapsulating suit.
Equipment: container (30-50 gallons)
p 1 as tic l i ne rs
Station 18: Field Wash
Shower if highly toxic, skin-corrosive, or skin-absorbable materials
are known or suspected to be present. Wash hands and face if shower
is not available.
A2-4
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
s
I
T
1
2
3
4
Equipment: water
soap
small tables
basins or buckets
field showers
Station 19: Redress
Put on clean clothes. A dressing trailer is needed in inclement
weather.
Equipment: tables
chairs
lockers
clothes
C. FULL DECONTAMINATION (SIT. 1) AND THREE MODIFICATIONS
1
X
X
X
X
STATION NUMBER
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
X X X X X X X X
X X X X X X X X
X X X
Situation 1: The individual entering the Contamination Reduction
Corridor 1s observed to be grossly contaminated or extremely toxic
substances are known or suspected to be present.
X
X
Situation 2: Same as Situation 1 except individual needs new air tank
and will return to Exclusion Zone.
A2-5
-
X
X
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
S1tuat1on 3: Jnd1v1dual enter1ng the CRC 1s expected to be min1mal ly contaminated. Extremely tox1c or skin-corrosive materials are not present No outer gloves or boot covers are wor.~. I~ner gloves are
not contaminated.
S1tuation 4: Same as Situat1on 3 except 1ndiv1dual needs new a1r tank and will return to Exclusion Zone.
EXCLUSION
ZONE
OUTIR OLOVI TAPI R!MOVAI. R!MOVAL
HCR!OAT!D
IOUIPMENT
ORO'
-·-•--·--·-·
TANK CHANOI I ___ ...,.
CONTAMINATION
REDUCTION
ZONE
-------•-·-•
,m.o
WASH
•-•-•-•-•-•-•-•-•·HOTllNl••-
SUIT/SAFETY 800T
WA.IH
SUITISCU/800T/OLOVI
RINSI
SM£T'Y BOOT
REMOVAL
SCIA BACKPACK
R!MOVAL
SPU.SH SUIT
R!MOVAI.
INNUI OLOVI
WAIH
INNER OLOVI
RINU
,Acl PIICI
REMOVAi.
INNER OLOVI
R!MOVAI,
INNER CLOTHING
REMOVAi,
D!CONTAMINATION LAYOUT
LIV IL 8 PROTICTION
,iouR1 .u-1
•-•-•-•-•-•-•·-CONT.I.MINATlON __ CONTROL LINI •
1----•11 REDRlUI
A2-6
SUPPORT
ZONE
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
A.
ANNEX l
LEVEL A DECDNf~MINAJION
E (}JI PM ENT lo/ORN
The full decontamination procedure outlined is for workers wearing Level A protection (with taped joints between gloves, boots, and suit) consisting of:
Fully encapsulating suit.
Self-contained breathing apparatus.
Hard hat (optional).
Chemical-resistant, steel toe and shank boots.
Boot cove rs.
Inner and outer gloves.
8. PROCEDURE FOR FULL DECONTAMINATION
Station 1: Segregated Equipment Drop
Deposit equipment used on-site (tools, sampling devices and containers, monitoring instruments, radios, clipboards, etc.) on plastic drop cloths or in different containers with plastic liners. Each will be contaminated to a different degree. Segregation at the drop reduces the probability of cross-contamination.
Equipment: various size containers
plastic liners
plastic drop cloths
Station 2: Boot Cover and Glove Wash
Scrub outer boot covers and gloves with decon solution or detergent/ water.
Equipment: container {20-30 gallons) decon solution
or
detergent water
2-3 long-handle, soft-bristle scrub brushes
Al-1
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Station 3: Boot Cover and Glove Rinse
Rinse off decon solution from Station 2 using copious amounts of
water. Repeat as many times as necessary. '
Equipment: container (30-50 gallons)
or
high-pressure spray unit
water
2-3 long-handle, soft-bristle scrub brushes
Station 4: Tape Removal
Remove tape around boots and gloves and deposit in container with
plastic liner.
Equipment: container (20-30 gallons)
plastic liners
Station 5: Boot Cover Removal
Remove boot covers and deposit in container with plastic liner.
Equipment: container (30-50 gallons)
plastic liners
bench or stool
Station 6: Outer Glove Removal
Remove outer gloves and deposit in container with plastic liner.
Equipment: container (20-30 gallons)
plastic liners
Station 7: Suit/Safety Boot Wash
Tt,oroughly wash fully encapsulating suit and boots. Scrub suit
and boots with long-handle, soft-bristle scrub brush and copious
amounts of decon solution or detergent/water. Repeat as many
times as necessary.
Equipment: container (30-50 gallons)
decon solution
or
detergent/water
2-3 long-handle, soft-bristle scrub brushes
Al-2
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Station 8: Suit/Safety Boot Rinse
Rinse off
of water.
decon solution or d~tergent/water using Repeat as many times as necessary.
Equipment: container (30-50 gallons)
or
high-pressure spray unit
water
copious amounts
2-3 long handle, soft-bristle scrub brushes
Station 9: Tank Change
If worker leaves Exclusion Zone to change air tank, this is the last step in the decontamination procedure. Worker's air tank is exchanged, new outer gloves and boots covers donned, and joints taped. Worker then returns to duty,
Equipment: air tanks
tape
boot covers
gloves
Station 10: Safety Boot Removal
Remove safety boots and deposit in container with plastic liner.
Equipment: container (30-50 gdllons)
plastic liners
bench or stool
boot jack
Station 11: Fully Encapsulating Suit and Hard Hat Removal
With assistance of helper, remove fully encapsulating suit (and hard hat). Hang suits on rack or lay out on drop cloths.
Equipment: rack
drop cloths
bench or stool
Station 12: SCBA Backpack Removal
While still wearing facepiece, remove backpack and place on table. Disconnect hose from regulator valve and proceed to next station.
[quipment: tallle
Al-3
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Station 13: Inner Glove Wash
Wash with decon solution or detergent/water t'hat will not harm
skin. Repeat as many times as necessary.
Equipment: basin or bucket
decon solution
or
detergent/water
smal 1 table
Station 14: Inner Glove Rinse
Rinse with water. Repeat as many times as necessary.
Equipment: water basin
basin or bucket
small table
Station 15: Facepiece Removal
Remove facepiece. Deposit in container with plastic liner. Avoid
touching face with fingers.
Equipment: container (30-50 gallons)
plastic liners
Station 16: Inner Glove Removal
Remove inner gloves and deposit in container with plastic liner.
Equipment: container (20-30 gallons)
plastic liners
Station 17: Inner Clothing Removal
Remove clothing soaked with perspiration. Place in container with
plastic liner. Inner clothing should be removed as soon as possible
since there is a possibility that small amounts of contaminants might
have been transferred in removing fully encapsulating suit.
Equipment: container (30-50 gallons)
plastic 1 iners
Station 18: Field Wash
Shower if highly toxic, skin-corrosive or skin-absorbable materials
are known or suspected to be present. Wash hands and face if shower
is not available.
Al-4
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
s
I
T
l
2
3
4
Equipment: water
soap
smal 1 table
basin or bucket
field showers
towels
Station 19: Redress
Put on clean clothes. A dressing trailer is needed in inclement weather,
Equipment: tables
cha i rs
lockers
clothes
C. FULL DECONTAMINATION (SIT. 1) AND THREE MODIFICATIONS
l
X
X
X
X
STA TI ON NUMBER
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
X X X X X X X X
X X X X X X X X
X X X
S1tuat1on 1: The 1ndividual entering the Contamination Reduction Corridor is observed to be grossly contaminated or extremely toxic substances are known or suspected to be present.
X
X
19
-
X
Situation 2: Same as Situation l except 1nd1vidual needs new air tank and wi 11 .return to Exclusion Zone.
Al-5
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Situation 3: Individual entering the CRC is expected to be minimally contaminated. Extremely toxic or skin-corrosive materials are not present. No outer gloves or boot covers are worn. Inner gloves are not contaminated.
Situation 4: Same as Situation 3 except individual needs new air tank and will return to Exclusion Zone.
EXCLUSION
ZONE
OUTER C:LOVl! TAP1!
BOOT C()VER • GLOVE WA.SH RE MOY AL REMOVAL
-•--·--·--·-·
TANK CH:\NG[ t k------<
CONTAMINATION
REDUCTION
ZONE
-•--•--•-•-•-•
FlEU)
WASH
SEGREGAT£0
EQUIPMENT
DROP
•-•-•-•-•-•-·•-•-HOTLINE -•
SUIT/SAFETY BOOT
WAS>!
SUIT/SAFETY SOOT
RIN.St
SAFETY SOOT
REMOVAL
FULLY ENCAPSULATING surr
ANO HARO HAT REMOVAL
SC8A BACKPACK
REMOVAL
INNER GLOV!
WAS>!
INNER GLOVE
RINSE
FACE PIEC!
REMOVAL
INNER CLOV!
REMOVAL
INNER Ct.OTHINQ
REMOVAL
OECOPiTA.MINATION LAYOUT
LEVEL A PROTECTION
FIGURE A1·1
•-•---•--•-•-•=--CONTAMINATION CONTROL LINE
1----.,.19 REDRESS
Al-6
SUPPORT
Z:ONE
-•·
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
•
I
g
D
D
m
m
I
APPENDIX Ill
OPERATION AND FIELD MANUAL FOR THE HNU PID
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
INSTRUCTION MANUAL
TRACE GAS ANALYZER
H~U ~ODEL PI 101
H~U Syste~s. Inc.
160 Charlemont St.
Newton, MA 02161
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
TABLE OF cn~TENTS
SECTIO>:
-----------------------------------------·-----------------------
2
1,1 Introduction
1.2 Equip~ent Description
2.1 Introduction/UnpackinR
2.2 Controls and Indicators 2.: Operating Procedures
2.4 Battery Charge
3 CAL I B?. AT Io•:
4
5
3, 1
3, 2
3, 3
3 • ~
3, 5
Introduction
Analyzed Gas Cylinder
Probe
Procedure
Calibration Checkin~
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
4,1 Principle of Operation
1,.2 I,.,ization Potentials
~.3 Ionization Sensitivity
4,4 Calibrated Probes and Selectivity A., 10,2 eV Probe
4,S c,s eV Probe
4,7 11.7 eV Probe
4,8 Equipment Description
MAINTENANCE
5.1 Introduction
5.2 UV Lamp and Ion Chamber Cleaning
5,3 Lamp Replacement
5,4 Lamp Size Change
5.5 Probe Disassembly/Assembly
5,M Readout Disassembly/Assembly
1-1
1-1
1 -1
2-1
2-1
2-1
2-.l
2-il
3-1
3-1
3-3
3-3
3-4
4-1
4-1
L. -1
4-1
4-3
4-3
4-9
4-9
4-9
5-l
5-1
5-1
5-3
5-4
5-4
5-8
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
TAR LE Of CO' ,c':TS cont.
s:::c-:-10:------------------------------------------·-----------------------
(;
7
5
T'W'JE L::S HOOT I ~G
6,1 Introduction
PARTS LISTS
7.1 Introduction
APPENDIX
f.l Static Calibration
S.2 Calibration Checking with Isobutylene
~.3 Cali~ration with Alternate Gas
3,4 Uncalibrated Operation
~.S Ionization Tables .,.7 \·!arranty
~.f Public~tions List
7-1
8-1
,': -::!
E-5
8-7
3_0
f--12
E-2r.
6-27
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
LIST 0~ ILL~ST?ATIO~S
FIGL'P.E •:o. TITLE P .l.GE -----------------------------------------------------------
! -I
l -2
1-3
2 -1
3-1
-.
L -2
4-4
5-1
5-2
r,-1
i-l
7-2
7-3
e-2
8-10
Trace Gas Analyzer, Oreratin~ Condition
Respons~ for the Various Ultraviolet La~ps
Probe Storage, Instrument Cover
Trace Gas Analyzer, Stored Conrlition
Controls and Indicators
Calihration Test Set-up
Tr~icnl C~li~ration Curves
Detection Process
Pr0be Application Sxarnelcs
Block Dia~ram Component Locatio~
Block Diegram, Electrical Connections
Schematic, PI-101 Audible Alarm
Schematic Diagram, Hodel PI 101
Probe A~sembly
Lamp Housing Assembly
Readout Assembly
Po,..er Supply PCB
Parts Location, Probe Assembly
Parts Location, Readout Assembly
Parts Location, Other Items
Calibration Checking Set-up
Typical Output Curves, Analyzer vith 10.2 eV Lamp,
Calibrated for Benzene
Recorder Mounting
I -2
1-5
1-li
:-2
3-5
I, -1 3
I, -I 5
5-C,
5-7
G-7
7-6
7-7
8-f:
8-lC'
6-11
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
LET OF TAc-LES
TITLE
-----------------------------------------··----------------------
1 -

l

1 -

2

2-1
2-2
6-1
(,-3
6-4
r. -5
7-1
7-2
7-3
7-4
8-1
thru
8-13
8-14
8-15
Equipment Size and Weight
Controls
Indicators and Displuys
Relative Photoionization Sensitivities for Gases
Typical Applications of Interchangeable ?robes
Probe Application Examples
Troubleshooting DatR
Pad Data, Power Supply PCB
Pin Data, Amplifier PCS P2/J2
Pin Data, Probe Cable, P3/J3
Pin Data, Alarm Cable, P6/Jn
Replacement Parts List
Replacement Parts List
Replacement Parts List
Parts List Accessories
Parts List, Accessories
Ionization Potentials
Relative Photoionization
Gases to a 10, 2 eV Lamp
Relative Photoionization
Gases to a 11. 7 eV Lacp
Relative Photoioniz:ation
Gases to a 9. 5 eV Lamp
Sensitiv:lties
Sensitiv:Lties
Sensitiv:lties
of Various
of Various
of Various
l -;
1-9
2-5
2-S
7-'.!.
7-3
7-4
i-5
7-5
G-21
8-24
S-15
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
T~e PI l~! is a non-destructive
analyzer; work in a hood if toxic or
~azardous pases are used, ln t~e
interest of greater in~ernDtional
acceptance the H::u '.loc:l PI 1C-l-·1L1'1
Photoionizer has been certified by Sira
Safety SPrviccs Ltc, to conform to
Article 501-3 of the Kational
Electrical Code to be non-incendiary
for Class 1 Division °, Groups A, E, C
and D locations ~ffective July ?5,
19~4.
SirA Approval "APL/33/HL
I
I
I
I
I
I·
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
The followin~ warnings appear in this ~anual and are repeaccct ~ere for enphasis.
Do not look at the light source from closer than 0 inches with unprotected eyes, Observe only briefly. Continued exposure to ultraviolet energy generated by the light source can be harmful to eyesight,
The instrunent measures gases in the vicinit• of the operator and a high readir.g when measuring toxic or explosive ~ases should be cause for i~~ediate action for safety.
Extreme care must be taken in the handlin~ of gas cylinders. Contents are under high pressure. In some cases, the contents may be hazardous. ~any gas suppliers will provide data sheets for the mixtures upon request.
~ever open the valve on a gas container without a re~ulator attached.
Turn the function switch on the control panel to the OFF position before disassembly. Otherwise, hi~h voltages of 1200 V DC, will be present.
Use great care when operatin@ the analyzer with the readout assembly outside its case due to the presence of 1200 V DC.
Be very careful to note the toxic lev~l, and the Lower Explosive Limits for personal safety. The PI 101 is a nondestructive analyzer and must be used in a hood when calibratir.g with toxic or hazardous materials.
The PI 101 is suitable for uses in Class I Division II ABCD areas except when using charger or when using recorder,
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
] . i
S?.Ci IiJ:
I: 7,C,N'CTIO:-:
This ~2nuil describes t~e opcr~tion, ~~irten~ncc a~~ p:rts
list for t~e Trncc Gas .11.nnlyzcr, ·oc:el :;T i,·,1, ~-::.· ~ystcr:s Inc.
The Trace Gas Analyzer (see Fi~ure 1-1 ), is a porta~le
instrument used to detect, measure, and provide a direct readin~
of the concentration of a variety of trace ~ases in many
industrial or plant atmospheres, The analyzer employs the
princi~le of phntoionizatic~. T~is process involve! the
absorption of ultra-violet li;ht (a photo~) bv a ras molecule
leadinr, to ionization:
in which
PH+ hv -->RH++ e-
R !I • T r a c e g a s
hv • Photon with an energy level equal to or ~reater
than the ionization potential of R1!,
The sensor consists of a se2le~ ultraviolet (CV) linht
source that emits photons with an enerqy level high enounh to
ionize ~any trace species, particul2rly or~anics, but not hi~h
enou~h to ionize the major components of air, 02, ~:. C □, coi or
P. 20,
A chamber exposed to the li~ht source contains a pair of
electrodes, one a bias electrode and the second a collector
electrode. When a positive potenti2l is applied to the bias
electode a field is created in the chamber, Ions formed by the
absorption of photons are driven to the collector electrode.
The current produced is then measured and the correspondin~
concentration displayed on a meter directly in parts per million
(ppm).
To minimize absorption or decomposition of sample gases, a
rapid flow of sample gas is maintained thru the ion chamber,
which is small, made of inert material and located at the
sampling point,
The analyzer consists of a probe, a readout assembly, and a
battery charger. The probe contains the sensing and amplifying
circuitry; the readout assembly contains the meter, controls,
power supply and rechargeable battery, The analyzer will
operate fron the battery for mor~ than 10 hours or continuously
when connected to the battery charger.
PAC:F. 1-1
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
'I
I
READOUT
ASSEMBLY ---.,.,r
I ', ,.
PROBE
FIGURE 1 ·1
TRACE GAS ANALYZER ...... I I
PROBE
EXTENSION
o,.,..,a · .,
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
The PI 101 is desif"ed for use ~ith inter~~angeable probes
,,jth la~?S of different eoer~ies. The analvzer is ready for use
si~ply by connecting the pro~e to the readout assenhly, settin;
t~e proper S?A'.: pot value, a,~ then zeroing the unit. S~ccific
data is given in the calibration cerno acco~pan~i~Q ~ach orobe. . .. .
The standard probe uses a l~.2 eV lanp. Two optional
probes use 9.5 and 11,7 eV lamps. Lanps of different eV
ratings, ion chamher and amplifiers are not interchangeable bet.,,.een probes,
llany applications make use of the principle that some
compounds respond to the more energetic lamps and not to others.
Figure 1-2 sho.,,.s the responses for the analyzer with each of the
three lamps. Literature explaining several such applications is
available from 11!:U Systems Inc,
An optional audible alarm is available givin~ an ES decibel
signal .,,.hen a set concentratinn is exceeded, The alarm settin~
is variable and c~n be set from Oto 100~ of full scale of the
meter readinm, Power for the alarm is provided by the battery
and does not significantly affect the rated use time of the
analyzer. The alarm is non-latching and is set by a scre.,,.
adjustment, preventing inadvertent chan~e!,
~hen in the stored condition, the probe is contained in the
instrument cover (see Figure 1-3) which attaches to the readout
assembly to form a sin~le unit (see FiGure 1-4),
An optional recorder is available that can be directly
attached to the readout assenbly, It uses impact paper with a
2" .,,.ide chart and a speed of 2"/hour, The recorder is powered
by the instrument batter) and provides hard copy of th~ data,
The analyzer ... 111 operate for approximately 4 hours with the
recorder attached. Haunting information and illustration is
given in Section 8.
Specification data on the analyzer is given in Table 1-1.
Physical characteristics of the equip~ent are given in Table
1-2.
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
12
Rt1pon11 for th■ Various Ultravlol•t L1mpt
n .7 eV 10.2 tV 9.5 tV
Aromatics
Ht
CH,CN
co
CO,
No resc,onse
Alk1n11 >C1
0,
Cl"ltoroalkann (CCI •. CHCI,)
Formic Acid
Formaldehyde
Vinyl Chloride
Alk1n11 >C.
NH,
--~./. H,S
AsH1
Mercaptan1
Acryton,trrl■ _ _..._ Alktntl (IICtPI C,H,)
,, 10
Energy (tV)
FIGURE 1 ·2
RESPONSE TO VARIOUS COMPOUNDS
FOR EACH ULTRAVIOLET LAMP Pac;e · ...
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
INNER
PANEL
INSTRUMENT COVER
(FOR STORAGE OF
PROBE l
PROBE EXTENSION
PROBE
r' ---...__
FIGURE 1•3
PROBE STORAGE
PROBE
CABLE
ONE OUARTE=I
TURN F'A.SiE:-,..ie:::.s
Reoe1t1d ,torag• ot orot>e in this manner
is not r1comm1nd1d du• to caOJe wear.
Instrument co~,, may 1/so t>e useo tor s1or,n9
oatrary c~argar.
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
! I
I
I
m
n
D
m
• FIGURE 1·4
TRACE GAS ANALYZER
RED CONDITION
INSTRUMENT
COVER
READOUT
ASSEMBLY
Page 1 .,s
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
g
D
D
TA3LE 1-1
S?~CIFICATION DATA
a. D~SIGS FEATUCES
:..a;:,p ratinr,
Audible alar □,
low or hi;h limit
(optional)
b. CflARACTE?ISTICS (see NOTE)
Q to 20, 200, znn~ ppm
(other range, available on request)
!G.2 eV standard,
9. 5 or 11. 7 eV optional
·.:5 db at 3'
Detection Ran~e * 0.1 to 2ono ppm
(parts per million by volu □e)
~ini □u □ Detection Level• J.l ppm
Maximum Sensitivity• 0 to 20 ppm FSD at SPAN• r.r
(full scale deflection)
0 to 2 ppm FSD at SPAK • 0,0
Repeatability~ +/-1% of FSD
Linear Range~
Response Time
Ambient Humidity
Operatins Temperature,
Ambient
Operating Time on
Battery, continuous use,
without HNU recorder
with HNU recorder
(optional)
0.1 to 400 ppm
0.1 to 2000 ppm
Less than 3 seconds to 0 07. of FSD
up to 00t nH (relative hu □idity)
-10 to 40 de~rees C.
Approximntely 10 hours; at lower
temperatures time is reduced due to effect of cold temperature on
battery.
Approximately one half of normal
time
PAGE 1-7
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
g
D
E
I
I
I
Rechar;e ti~c fro~
fc:11 discharr,e
:-'1ec:"l;Jr;;c current
Sattery c:,~rger Po~er
\•:hen equiprec
and measijring
compounds and
Full rec~arge -12 to It hours
120 V AC, sin;le pl,ase, 50-t0 cycle,
l.:' Amps
~ith l".2 eV Probe with SPAS set at a,s
benzene. Values will vary for other • conditions,
PAGE 1-~
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
u
u
T..\cL: 1-2
Quantity Overall cti::,ensions
cn (inches) Weigrc, -----------------------------------------------------------------k3 (1:is.)
Volu~e, er.,'.:.
( C U • f t • )
Trnce Gas :: 1 \·! X l 3 D X 2 LH 3.3 (, 5 5 2 An~lyzer ( 5 1/4 X 5 3 /1 "., ( e • : ) (,'.2:) (stored condition)
X <) l / 2)
Probe Assenbly (. 3 Dian X 2" . :: L (' --3 ~' /: " • 1 :1 ( 2 l /2 X 1 1 1/ 4) ( 1 • 2 ) ( '; .r, 2 ) -~ Asser.:bly : l P X l .; I'l X 1 l) o :: ,'. ~ . = { ~ (',,',
:: e ~ ,. 0 ll t
( s 1 / ( X 5 3 /15 ( 7 • :, ) (("•. 1 ~) X 6 1 /::)
1 flattery Charr,er 101.f X 12. 7D X 'L ('~ • /1 1 l 1, 3 with cord ( 4 X 5 X 3 1 / 2) ( 0. q) (C.C·4)
PAGE 1-9
I
I
I
I
I
•·
2 • I
Unpac'.: c~e instrument carefully. !he carton ,,ill con:ain c~e housi~e, s:rars, battery c~ar:er, a~ditional probes, re~ulator acd cvlinder if ordered, spare parts, suppli~, nid a manual. 3e sure all items are removed before discarc:ng the carton.
Attached to the instrument is a ~arranty card which should be filled out cocpletely and returned to H~U Systems.
I 2. 2 co,:r~oLs A:,C' r::nrcAror.s
I
I
I
I
D
D
I
The controls and indicators are located on the front panel of the readout assembly (see ficure ~-!) and are listed and described in Tables 2-1 and 2-2,
OPERATING PROCEDURES
The followin~ procedures are to be used in operating the analyzer:
a, Unclamp the cover from the main readout assembly,
b, Remove the inner lid from the cover by pulling out the two fasteners,
c. Remove thr probe, handle and cable from the cover. Attach the handle to the front part of the probe.
d, Connect the probe cable plug to the l ~ pin keyed soc!:et on the readout assembly panel. Carefully match the alignment slot in the plug to the key in the connector, Screw down the probe connector until a distinct snap and lock is felt.
e, Screw the probe extension into the probe end cao. The probe may be used without the extension if desired.
f. Set the SPAN control for the probe being used (10.2, 9.5, or 11,7 eV) as specified by the initial factory calibration or by subsequent calibrations,
PJ.GE 2-!
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
D
D
D
ALARM SET SWITCH
ANO ADJUSTMENT iOPTIONALI
10
5
\ I
e.:..:-7 ::::.·, C..,E,:-..-
::c..S:'7',0N
LC'."/ 8ATT: C:'f
INOICATOA LIG~·r 1LED,
POWER OFF
15
I
1U.Noev o. z:-~v ©e --.. ,.,oo
OH O · ZG
A.l,ARM
SET
0
~
@
ZECIO
0
·IV
J
\
zc:=t""I
-tt-t-AOJ~:7 ·:;:·.
Mu 0 .---H+-=IE•:·:=::~
systems inc.
photo· ionizer
model Pl 101
made 1n U.S.A.
1 < PIN INTERFACE
CONNEC1'0R BETWEEN
l<EAOO•.JT UNIT ANO
CONNECTOR KEY se:NSOR
FIGURE 2·1
CONTROLS ANO INDICATORS
RE~OROER c· -= -
0
Gl'tO
GROUND
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
0
I
I
I
I
I
C0:<7c0LS
?osition ---------------------------------------------·~------------------
?unction 5,,.:itch
ZERO
OFF
BATT
(battery check)
STAKDEY
0-2000
0-20
NOTF.: See Figure 2-1 for locations.
Controls the operation of
the analyzer
All operations orF
Checks the condition of
the battery. If the ~eter
needle is in the
rreen arc, the battery is
c~ar~ec. If not th~
battery should be
recharged. Charging cmn be
done in any position, best
in OFF: see directions on
charger,
All electronics o:;,
ultraviolet (l'I') li~ht
source OFF. This position
conserves power and e~tends
battery life. This
position is used to set the
analyzer zero position.
(i.e. no l1\' light, no
sir,r.al)
Sets ran~e of ~eter at
0-2000 ppm.
Sets range of ~eter at
0-2•",1', ppm.
Sets ran~e of ~eter at
0-~0 pp!!l.
With the function switch in
STANDBY position, this
potentiometer is used to
adjust the reading to zero.
PAGE 2-3
I
I
I
I
I
••
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
TA~L~ 2-i cont.
SPA~
HI-VOLTAGS
ALARfi SET
(optional)
Open
Closeo
NOTE: See Figure 2-1 for locations.
PAGE 2-l
This vernier potentiometer
is usej to set the 6ain of
the a~,lifier to give
direct readings of the
tr3ce gas concentrations
in ppn. The whole number
of the setting appears in
t~e window of the control,
decimEl appears on the
dial. A lock secures it
at a specific setting •
This is a normally open
microswitch.
S~itch is open when cable
not connected, disconnecting
hiqh voltaRe for the UV lamp
fro~ the 12 pin connector
as a safety precaution.
Switch is autom3tically
closed when the cable is
attached.
This switch may also be
closed manually during
maintenance checks
of the readout assembly
without the probe cable
attached.
Potentiometer with screw-
driver adjustment.
Turns the audible alarm ON
or OFF and sets the ppm
level at which the alarm
sounds. If alarm is low
li~it, it sounds when
measured ppm falls below
this value. If alarm is
high licit it sounds when
neasured ppm exceeds this
value.
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
0
u
I
I
I
ISDICATOCS A~D □IS?LAYS
runction ----------------------------------------------·-----------------
Low !attery Indicator Light
(red light)
(see NOTE)
Heter (see NOTE)
Recorder (optional)
(see Figures 2-1 And R-3)
Illu~inates ~hen battery is
di5charged, indicEtes need fer
recharge.
Do not use unit when this
liAht is 01!.
Readings may be taken while
battery is beins rcchar~c~.
Indicates concentration of
measured gas.
Provides a record of readings
while analyzer operates
unattended.
Recorder inputs C to -5 V DC.
NOT~: See Fi~ure 2-1 for locations.
PAGE ~-5
I
I
I
I
I
I·
I
I
I
I
I
n
D
I
I
I
g, Turn the function switch to t!"le BATT ( battery chccl:)
position, The needle on the meter vill ~o to the 2reen
zone if the battery is fully charped. If the neeJle is
below the green arc or if the Lo~ 5actery Indicncor
co~~s on, the battery must be rechar;e1 be!ore the
3n~l~·zcr is used.
h. Set SPA~ pot to the desired value based on the gas
to be used.
i, Turn the function switch to the STA~D~Y position.
Turn the zero adjustment until the meter needle is
at zero,
j. Calibrate the instrument daily as described in Section
Calibration on the selected o,cratin~ ranGe is
desira~le.
k. If equippe~ with optional alarm, set or check the alarm
settin~ at the level desired, Turn the function switch
to the desired range, turn the zero adjustment control
so the meter needle moves upscale thru the desired
value. This simulates real conditions. Observe the
reading when the alarm sounds. Ad just the ALAr.:: SET, if
required, with a screw driver, Turn the function switch
to the STA~DBY position and reset the zero position
(para. h. above). If the ran~e is co be chanAed, the
alarm must be re~et on that range.
1, To operate with optional recorder, edd the recorder
bracket (see Figure 8-3), Remove the plug in the
analyzer case and insert power cord into the recorder,
Then connect the si~nal leads to the appropriate jacks
in the control module. The recorder is no~ operational,
KOTE: ~anges must be marked on the chart as the
recorder prints the meter display as 7, of Full Scnle.
m. Turn the function switch to the appropriate operating
position. Start with the 0-2000 position.and then
switch to the oore sensitive ranges, The UV li~ht
source should be on, confirmed by briefly looking into
the probe to observe a purple ~101: from the lamp.
WAR~ING
Do not look at the light source closer than
G inches with unprotected eyes. Observe only
if necessary, then only briefly. Continued
exposure to ultraviolet energy senerated by
the light source can be har~ful to eyesight.
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
n
n
D
u
SECTIO'; O?!,rATI::c; P,OC":N'?ES cont.
n, The ~nalyzer is now operational.
o. Pold the ?robe so chat the cxce~sion is at the point
,:here the measurenent is to be ~ade. The instrune~t
~easures the concentration by draKinz the £as in at the
end o~ the extension, through the ionization chamber,
and out the handle end of the probe.
WARN I :,G
The instrument measures gases in the
vicinity of the operator and a high reading
when measuring toxic or explosive ~ases
should be cause for action for operator
safety.
p. Take the reading or readin9s as desired tal:ins into
account that air currents or drafts in the vicinity of
the probe tip may cause fluctuations in readings.
Change the ranges as required.
q, Check battery condition as required. If the Low Battery
Indicator comes on, turn analyzer off and recharcc.
CAUTIO~!
Use only in an energency with a low battery
when on battery charge.
PAGE 2-7
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
SECTIO\ ·, ")
-

•

-

I

r. A!ter co~plecion of use, check battery condition as ccscr1bed in para. g.
s. Turn function switch to OFF position,
t, \ihen not operating, leave analyzer in assembled condition, and connected to battery charger,
u. ~hen transportinR, disassemble probe and extension fro □ readout assembly and return equipment to its stored condition,
v. In case of emergency, turn function switch to OFF position.
I 7,l BATTERY CHA~G:
I
m
I
I
0
I
I
I
I
I
I
Check the battery charAe as described in parar,raph 2-3 g during each period of operation, at least once daily, If the battery is low as indicated by the meter reading or the warning indicator, it is necessary to recharge the battery.
To charge the battery, first insert the mini phone plug of the charger into the jack, J(, on the side of the bezel adjacent to the meter. Then insert the charger plu: into a 120 or 230 V AC single phase, 50-60 cycle outlet. To ensure that the charier is functioning, turn the function switch, SI, to the battery check (BATT) position, The meter should deflect full scale if the charger is working and connections properly made. For normal battery charAing, leave the function switch in the OFF position.
The analyzer can be operated, however, while recharging by turning the function switch to the desired position. Such usage will extend the time required to completely recharge the battery, The battery charger is not Div. II approved.
NOTE: On all Sira approved PI 101s it i~ necessary to connect the probe assembly before turninc on the instrument and re-charging. Without following this procedure the instrument will not show battery check.
PAC-E 2-3
I
I C I ...
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I 3.2
I
I
I
I
----·~·· : :..1_;, -.,'
The PI !0! j~2lvzcr is ~esi:ned fer t~n:e c~s an~l~sis jn
2nt:ie:it air o~d is c~lit-r:?ter. 2t ~.:·: 1:it:'i cerc::.fiej s:c::i;dc::r,:!s of
benzene, vin~·l c~lori~e and iso~u~ylerc. Gt~~r 09tional
cu 1 i brat i o :--. s are av 2 i l .J:: e ( e. ~. , a-.-.:: .r.::..:. e: ~-:;le n '= o :--: i,: c-, :, 2 S,
etc.). Cali~ration data is ;i~e~ 1n t~c ~~:? sheet. L: 2
s~ecial czlijrztion has been done, the dcta is given in the
Aoplication Data Sheet, which notes the sa~?le source, type of
calibration (see Section S, Aprencix), and other pertinent
inforer.ation.
Good instru~entation practice calls for calibration on the
species to be measured in the concentration ranRc to be used.
This procedure assures the operator that the analyzer is
operJting properly and will generate reliable data.
So~c ~encr11l points to con~icler ,·her. calibratinr, the PI l',l
are that the analvzer is desirned for operation a~hient
conditions and therefore the ~as standards used for czlibration
should be delivered to the analyzer at a~bient te~peratures and
prcss11re and at the proper flow rates.
The PI l~l is a non-destructive analyzer; calibrations using
toxic o~ hazardous gases must )e done in a hooc.
Tt,e frequency of calibration should be (!:tited by the
usEgc of the analyzer and the toxicit• uf t~E specieE ceasured.
If the analyzer has been serviced or rep~iret, calibration
should bc done to verify operation and Fe:!c:~ance. It is
recor.:'.:ended that calibration -be checkec fre~':c~tly at first
(daily or ever• other d~y) and then reQularl• based on the
confidence level developed.
The norcal meter scaleplate is~ to 2(. If the scaleplate
is different, refer to the Application Data Sheet. If there are
questions, consult the H~r representative te!ore procee~inr ~ith
calibraticr. check.
An accurate and reliable r.ethod of calibration check is to
use an analyzed gas cylinder in a test setup ns sho~n in Figure
3-1 and described below. Additional ca~erial on calibration is
given in Section S, Appen,ix.
A~ALYZED GAS CYLI~DEF-
a. Concentration -The calibration &as cylinder is to
contain the species of interest made up in an air matrix
at or near the concentration to be analyzed. If the
co □ponent is unst~ble in air, another matrix is to be
used. The final calibration r.ixt~re s~ould be similar
to the sample the PI !Cl will analyze. If the expected
concentration is not known then a cor.centratio~ should
be chosen that will cause a scale di,olacec.ent of 50 to
Er~ or. the XJJ ran~e. Calitratic~ c~ ~JG ranee will
prov!dc accurate values on t~! rP~:! as ~ell.
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
D
I
I
I
-------·· ~ --j -,_
For use on t~e 0-:i·G~~ ra~~e, a t~□-~tan~ar~ c~l!brction is rref~rre~: one at 7C to:~~ o! the lincer r~nc~ and the ot~rr at ~5 co ~S~ of tl1c line~r r~n~c. \·:ich th~ linear r~~ce of np~rnxi~~tcly 0~:-pp~ for ~ost co~pounds the£e roints ~oul~ lie bet1~ec~ ,20 to ~!;,~?=and 15: to :10 pp=, respeccivelr.
b. Sta~ilicy -The calibration ~as nusc be stable within the cylinder during the period of use. If the calibration is required in the field, then use of a s~all cylinder is recon=ended, In addition, the choice of cyli~der nateriol in contact with the ~a~ ~~st be · consic!ered (steel, alur,inurr. or tef'lon). If there ore ~ny questions, the operator should re~uest stability and usage information fro□ the gas sur,plier.
E~tre=e care nust be taken in the handlin; ~f ~as cylinders, Contents are under high pressure. In sone case~, the contents nay te hazardous, Many 3as suppliers will provide data sheets for the nixtures up~n request.
c. Delivery -The cylinder containing the calibration nixture rr.ust be connected to a proper regulator,
\./AR~'.I!!G
\ever o~en the valve on a ~as cylinder container without a regulator attached,
Leak test all tanl:/regulator connections as well as the main cylinder valve to prevent toxic or h3z3rdous aaterials from leaking into the wor!: area. Care nust be taken that the materials of construction of the regulator will not interact with the calibration gas.
One method of sampling the calibration gas is illustrated in Figure 3-1, Connect the cylinder to one leg of the tee, a flow meter to the opposite leg, and the probe to the third len, The flow meter does not require a valve. If there is a valve, it must be left wide open, the flowneter is only to indicate excess flow, Adjust the flow fro~ the regulator such that only a little excess flo~ is registered at the flo~~eter.
PAGE 3-2
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
: • 3 T'f.Oi:E
•••• ' ~· .., ... "''. I'"' • ('"
,-. • • I• ;_ ' ,:_ .• : • ,' .-. _; C ·Or, t .
Thi~ insur~s tha~ t~a ?I 1~1 sees t~: cali~ration ;~sac
at~osrheric ?rcssure £~(; ~~hie~t teGreratL'.re.
d, Usasc -Generally, a gas cylinder sh0uld not te used
below 20~-~01J psi as preEsure effects could cause
concentration variations, The cylinder should not be
used past the recommended age of the contents as
indicated by the manufacturer, In case of difficulty,
verify the contents and concentration of the gas
cylinder,
e, Alternate means of calibration are possible. For
more information, contact the H::u Service Department,
a. Identify the probe by the lamp label. If a question
exists, disassemble the probe and inspect the lamp. The
energy of the lamp is etci,e~ into the ~lass envelope.
b. Connect the probe to the readout assembly, mal:in; sure
the red interlock s~itch is depressed by the ring on the
connector.
c • S et t h e S P ,\ i:
calibrated.
the probe.
pot to the proper value for the probe being
refer t~ the calibration memo accompanying
I
d, Check the Ionization Potential (I?) of the calibration
gas to be used. The IP of the calibration gas must be
at or below the IP of the lamp.
e, Proceed with the calibration as described in Section
3,4. Check the calibration memo for specific data.
If any questions develop, c.:11 t~e l!l:l' representative.
f. NOTE: The ll.7eV lamp has a special cleanin; compound.
Do not use water or any other cleanin~ compound with the
11,7 eV lamp, Do not interchange ion chambers,
amplifier boards or lamps between probes. (See Section
5. 2) •
I 3.4 PROCEDURE
I
I
I
a. Battery check -Turn the function switch to BATT,
The needle should be in the green region. If not,
recharge the battery.
PAGE 3-3
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
1 , -· .... '
b. Zero set -Turn the fur:ct!on si.·itch to S7 .. \:·vsY. In this position the la~p is Off ~nd no si~nal is generated, Set the zero point with the ZEIO set contrcl. The zero cnn also ~c set ~ith the fu~ction S\•itcr. on the Xi position and using a ''Hydrocurhon-free 11 air. !n this case "ner,ative" re?di:-;;s are possible if the analyzer measures a cleaner sample when in service.
c. 0-20 or 0-200 range -For calibrating on the 0-20 or 0-200 range only one gas ~tandard is required, Turn t~e function switch to the ren~e position and note the meter reading, Adjust the SPAt: control settinG as rer.uired ta read the pp □ concentration of the standard. P.echccl: the· zero settin~ (step b.). If readjustment is needed, repeat step c. This ;ives a two-point calibration; zero and the gas standard p~int. Additional calibration points con be generated by dilution of tl,c st1ndar, ffitl, zero air if desired (sec Section~).
d. 0-2000 range -For calibrntin~ on the C-2''00 ra~Ge, use of two standards is reco □mended es cited in Section 3,2a. First calibrate with the higher standard using the SPA:: control for setting. Thein calibrate with tho lower standard using the ZE~O adjustment, ~e?eet these several times to ensure th1t a goad calibration is obtained. The analyzer uill be app~xi □ately linear to better than 500 ppm, (sec Fi~ure 3-2). If the analyzer is subsequently to be used on the 0-20 or 0-~00 ranqe, it must be recalibrated as described in steps b. and c. abov~.
e. La □p cleaning -If the span setting resultin~ fro □ calihration is 0,0 or if calibration cannot be achieved, then the lamp must be cleaned (see Section 5.2).
f. La □p replacement -If the lamp output is too low or if the la~p has failed, it mu~t be replaced (sec Section 5 • ; ) •
3.5 CALIBRATIOC CHECKING
Rapid calibration checking in the field can be acco~plished by use of a small disposable cylinder containing isobutylcne. !~mediately after a calibration has been completed, a reading is .taken on a special isobutylene standard. This provides a reference concentration measurement for later checking in the field. This can be done at any time vith a portable cylinder containing this same special standard, using this reference reading as a check, and making adjustments to the analyzer if necessary, In effect, this is an indirect method of calibration, one maintaining the calibration to give direct readinis for the original gas cixture, but usin~ the porta~le isobutylene cylinder, Details are given in Section C,2 of the Appendix.
?AGE 3-4
I
I
,I
I
Ii
'
1/
•I ,r
I.
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
---
FIGURE 3·1
CALIBRATION TEST SET UP Page )·S
I
I
1000
I
800
I :::i: Q. ---Q.
\.J co 600 z
I 0 Q.
r./'J ISOBUTYLENE w a: IN AIR a: •400
I w >-w ~
I 200
0 I 0 200 400 600 800 1000
ACTUAL PPM
I
I 1000
I
~ 800
I Q.
Q.
w r./'J z 600
I ~ C/l w a:
a: 400 BENZENE I w tii IN AIR
2
I 200
I 0
0 200 400 600 800 1000
I ACTUAL PPM
I
g FIGURE 3·2
TYPICAL CALIBRATION CURVES (10.2 •V) Pa~e 3·6
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
LAMP Hl·VOL TAGE ►
ION CHAMBER ►
UV LAMP
'
71
BIAS ELECTROOE
GAS
INLET
IONS
. FIGURE 4•1
DETECTION PROCESS
'-.._ COLLECTOR
Paoe •·2
I
I
I
I
I
1·
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
T!1e s~ecies ,:~t~ the ~i;~er values are ~~~c sc~sitive to
the l~.2 eV photons t~an arc t~osc ,~i~h lo,~~r v~lucs. ?er
e~a~rlc, refcrri:1~ to fata i~ Ta~le ~-1~, a:1 a:-:~l,·:~r c~litrJ:~~
for ) c :-. z c !; e , 1: !l ~ :-: ·:-:-::?as 'Jr in; '1 s a;.? l e co:-: t 1 i :--. i :-: :_:: 1 · fl r: ~ a f
b ~ ri z c r: c , ,: i l l re~ d 1 C' • ') a:-:= ·.: :1 c :-: r.-. ea'.! u r i :-: : 3 s a~: : ~ c o :1 ~ a in in:
1: ~~r c! vinyl chloride ~ill rea~ S.~. f~i5 s~~\~S t~e 10,:er-
sc:-:si:ivi:~· of t~c vinyl chloride. Si~il:r co:-:~i:ions ~re the
case for c~e 0 .~ aod 11.7 eV la~?S,
L.~ CALI9?ATED ?C03ES A~D SEL[CTIVITY
Tl,e standard probe provided wich the analyzer contains a
10.2 eV laffin. Qpc_onal probes containing lamps of 0 .s and 11 .7
eV pernit selective deccr~ination or exclusion of species.
The probe with the ~.5 eV lamp per~its ffieasurement of
sncciec t~vin~ JP v3lues lo~er than ".5 eV in t~c cresencr 0f
i~tcrfcrinc rpccies with IF values above n,5 eV, ·
The probe with the !1.7 eV lanp pernits measurenent of
species with IP values above 10,2 up to aproxinately !1.7 eV,
The probes with different lamps are intercha~:ea~le in use
within individual readout assemblies for different applications,
The anplifier and ion chamber in the probe are selecte( for the
specific eV lacp. Lacps of different eV ratinss cannot be
interchanged between probes. Examples of selective epplic~tion
of these ?robes is given in Table f-2. Additional applications
of the use of the probes are described in the sections t~at
follo1: and illustrated in Figure 4-2. Further e::acnles are
given (without discusstcn) in Table f-3. ec-zeroin; is
perforned after each probe interchange.
4,5 J~.2 eV P~OJE
The 10.2 eV probe is the standard probe used with the Trace
Gas Analyzer. The approximtte span settinrs for a 10.: eV probe
that woulc cive direct readings of tho amounts of trecc res of a
particul~r species in a sample is given in Table '-ll, for
exa~plc, when the span control is set at 4,3 the a~alyzer will
iead 10 pp~ when measuring a sacple containing 1~ ppc of vinyl
chloride, These span settings will vary with the co~dition of
the lacp. Application of the 10.2 eV probe is illustrated in
exacoles "a", "b", and "c" in Fi2ure 4-2. In each case the
trace gas (or gases) is contained in a standard atmosphere.
Exacple "a" shows the use of the 10,2 eV probe to measure
Vinyl Chloride (IP ■9.995) by itself,
Example "b" shows the use of the 10.2 eV probe to oeasure
Vinyl Chloride (IP ■9,995) in the presence of a second gas,
Acetylene (IP■ll,4), The acetylene is not ionized and the probe
~ives a direct reading of the Vinyl Chloride above.
Example ''c'' shows the use of the 10,2 eV probe to neasure
Isoprenc (!?■0,C!) by itself. A 9.5 er probe ~ay also be used
but is less sensitive. the 10.2 eV probe is reconnended.
I. , ---
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
F.':U.:I\" ?'iOToro::rz.'-iIO,: s:',SITIVI7IC:S FO': G,\SSS
Che:'.'.ical
(;roupin;
relative Sensitivity
(see ti0TE) ----------------------------------------------·----------------------------
Aro~atic
i\liphz:tic Ar.: inc
Chlorincted
Unsaturated
Carbonyl
Unsaturated
Sulfide
Paraffin (CS-Ci)
Ammonia
F'araffin (Cl-C4)
1 ·J
10
5-C:
7-9
0 • J--
;-5
1-~
0 ~ • J
0
Benzene, Toluene, Styrene
Di1,thyla1:1ine
Vinyl Chloride, Vinylidene Chloride, Trichloroethylene
!!Et, HiEI'., Acetone,
Cyclohe::anone
Arolein, Propylene,
Cyclohexanone,Allyl Alcohol
l'ydrogcn Sulfide,
!icthyl fiercaptan
Pentane, llexane, Heptane
~ietl:ane, Ethane
~0TE: Relative sensitivity• meter readins when measuring 10 ppm of the liated BBS with instrument with lC.2 eV probe calibrated for 10 ppm of benzene, span pot setting• 9.~ for direct reeding of benzene.
PAGE 4-1
:1
I
I
I ;
I
-I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
TASLE 4-2
TYPICAL APPLICATIONS OF INTERCHANGEABLE P~OBES
Compound
Ionization
potentials
(eV)
Relative Sensitivity
0.S/10.2 eV 11.7/10.: cV ----------------------------------------------------------------
p-Xylene 8.44 0. 10 O • l j 1,
p-Chlorotoluene · 8.70 0. IJ ') iJ. 112
Toluene 8.82 0, 00 U • 1 1 '.:
o-Chlorotoluene 8,83 0,075 0. 112
Ethyl Acetate 9. 19 0.075 0. 11 '.:
Benzene 9.24 0. l 0 0. 10
Methyl Mercaptan 9.24 0, l 0 0,072
Pyridine 9.32 0,075 0. 122
Allyl Alcohol 9,67 0. l 0 0. 112
Crotonaldehyde 9,88 0,075 0. 104
Amyl Alcohol 9.80 0,09 0,lln
Cyclohexane 9,88 0,075 0. l 04
Vinyl Chloride 9.95 o.oss 0. 112
Butanol 10,94 O.G9 0.176
Ammonia l O. 15 0.06 0. 160
Acetic Acid 10.37 0.04 0.560
Ethylene 10.52 o.o 0.320
Ethylene Oxide 10.56 0.0 0,2')8
Response vith 9,5 or 11.7 eV proJe
Relative sensitivity•------------------------------------
Response vith 10,2 eV probe
PAGE .,-5
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I , ,
Acetylene (11 .4)
, ,
Vinyl Chloride (9.995)
t ,6 9
1 0.2 eV Probe energy (eV)
Vinyt Chloride (9.995)
9
10.2 eV Probe energy (ell)
b. 11).~ eV F'rabe ITIC'C'~Ut €-!~ \'i11yl r~t1l, .. :.it·iJi:: (IF· = 9.S''75) but Got A~etyler1~ (IP~ 11.4j
I
11 f 10
1 0.2 eV Probt,
laoprene (9.08)
t I
9
c. 10.2 &V Probe me~~ur&~ Isoprane <IP• 9.08,
FIGURE 4·2
APPUCATION OF PROBESI
energy (ell)
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
e.
Vinyl Chloride (9.995)
I , , 10
lsoprene (9.08)
9.5 ev F'robe
Acetylene (, 1.4)
t
1 , .7 av Probe
Acetylene ( 11.4)
t
11.7 eV Probe
I 1 ,
11
I
10 9
Vinyl Chloride (9.995)
t 1~ 9
10.2 eV Probe
energy (eV\
energy (eV\
energy (eV)
f. 11.7 eV Prob• me•$urat both A;at,lwne <IP~ ll.41
•nd Vinyl Chloride <IP• ;.9951
10.: •V Prob• ma•sures Vinyl Chloride
but net Acetyl ar,e
Difference betwe•n th• two r&•d1ngs is the
me•sur• of Ac•tyl•n•
FIGURE 4·2
APPLICATION OF PROBES CONTINUED
I
:1
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
------------------------------------------·----------------------
Styrene (IP• ~.17) Alone
Hexana (IP ■ 10,4$)
Alor.e
Forc~ldehyde (IP ■ 10,f7) Alone
Strrene/:'exane
To2cct:cr
Forcaldehy~e/Styrene
Together
I (I.:
11. 7
10.~ and~-~
Use 1:.: to c,c~surc tot~.!, 0.~ to oeasure Styrene,
difference will be the concentration of ~cxane.
F•,2 and 11.7
Use 11.7 to ~easure total, 10,2 to measure Styre~e,
difference will be the contentration of Fo:c,~ldehydc
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
The ½1 • :, c \' ;: robe i s use C to r.i e z s u r c ~ z s cs •.: i : r-'1 I:'< ( . : \: :-; c :'.
it is neces~~ry to exclu~~ gases th~t ~ay be pr:~c~t !invi~r
I ? > ":' . 5 c \' and < 1 !~1 • 2 e V • 1 :, 1 s 1 s i l 1 u £ tr~ t c d b y e ,: ~ r-'. !· 1 e "d" in
Figure ~-:. !!ere a 9.5 eV probe is used to r:easure Isoprene
(I?•".0°) in the presence of Vinyl Chloride (IP•"."<S).
Gain sett~n~s for a 0 .5 eV prob~ to gi•c direct readings for
various species are given in iable ~-15.
~.7 11.7 eV PPO~:
The 11.7 eV Probe is used to oeasure trace gases ~ith
IP>!G.~ eV but less than 11.7 eV. The use of this probe by
itself is illustrated in exnr:ple "e". Eerc the 11. 7 e\' probe iz
use~ to r:c3surc Acetylene (J~•ll .f eV). Ti1c us~ of ~~is prol,c
in conjunction ~ith ~ l~.7 eV pro~e is illuztrate~ in exa~ple
''f''. In this case, t1:o gases are present, Acetylene (IP•l!.h)
and Vinyl Chloride (I?•c.~~5). The objective is to obtain a
measurenent of t~e Acetylene alone.
The !1.7 eV probe measures the total presence of both
Acetylene and Vinyl Chloride to~ether. The 10.~ eV probe
measures just the Vinyl Chloride, excludin~ the Acetylene. The
difference between the two readings is the ~~asure of the
Ac:tylene.
Gain settings for the 11.7 eV pro~e to ;ive direct readin;s
for various species are given in Table :-15.
4.8 EQ~IP~l[~T DESCRIPTIO:;
The co~ponents of the analyzer are located in the probe and
the readout asseobly (see Figures 4-~ and 4-4). The ion
cha~ber, UV light source, amplifier board, and fan are located
in the probe assembly. The battery, t~e power supply board, anc
the meter are located in the readout asse~bly. Th: p:obc and
the re~dout assembly are connected hy an J~', en(~:'') c3ble.
The fan draws IH in throuah the probe and i<ln chamber.
The flow ri:te is appro:i.ir.iately 1 'Y cubic centioeters per
r.iinute. Small variations in the flow rate do not affect the
measurement. A major obstruction to t~c [low, however, vill
~revent proper operation and lenr,then response tir.ie, The fan
cannot drav a sawple from any distance or across a pre~sure
drop.
The output fror.i the ion chaober is amplified and read out
en the meter.
Voltage for the light source, ion cha~ber, amplifier and
fan is provided from a DC converter on the power supply board,
The battery provides the source of power for the converter. The
positive side of the battery is grounded.
PAGE ~-.·
I
I
I
I
I
1·
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
T~e inp~t si;nal iron the ion cha~her e~t~rs at con~ector Pl/Jl (see sc~c~atic Figure !-5), goes to transistor ~l aad a~~lificr Al, The zero adjust~ent ~etticr on the control p2nel enters thru pins 3 ar.d Con P1/J1, thence to the transistor QI, ?o~~r for the anplifier enters on nins D and F resrectively, Span central adjustment froc the control panel enters at pin 3, si,nJl output at pin E, and ground connector at pin J.
The out?ut sisnal fron the anplifier ~oes thru pin E in the cable connector P3/J3 to pad 11 on the power supply board, to the resirtor nctwor!: RJn thru R'0, including the adjustable pot R&:, Fron there it goes to the neter through the function switch on the control panel,
Connections free the resistor net~ork throu:h the function switch serve to set the operatins range of the ceter, Input to the span control potentio:J~ter coccs froc this oane r.et11ork throu~': the function s~itch, The output of the s~an control pot· provider feedbacl: control to the an,lifier through pin H on the cable, pin ll on the amrlifier boerd, and feedback resistor RS to the amplifier input.
Po~er for the UV la:p, DI, is provided by rectifier networl:s containing CR4-9 operatinG from the red and white terminals of transformer Tl, Voltase for the lamp (pad 22 on the power supply board or J3 pin D, Figure t-0) will be as follou~ for the several different conditions that car exist.
Condition I' o J. ta s e, V DC ------------------------------------------------
Probe connect~d, lacp -350 to -450 operatin~ properly
Probe :~nnected, lecp not -1100 to ··12C~ operating properly
Prete not connected, high ~ to -300 voltage s~itch not depressed
Probe not connected, high -1100 to -1200 voltage switch depressed oanually
Power for the ion chamber is provided by rectifier network CR2 and 3 operating from terminals 5 and 7 of Tl and voltage regulator Zl. Pover for the amplifier is provide1 by rectifier networks CRIJ-16 operating from terminals 4,5 and e of Tl. Power for the fan motor is provided by rectifier network CR!S-21 operating from terminals 1, 2 and; of transformer Tl. Conversion of the DC from the battery for input power to Tl is accoMplished by Z2. Power for a recorder is available at connector J7.
PAGE 6-10
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
~cctio~ ,, ( -.... ~0 11 ro .. -·--r D~SC'I"-IJ" r. .. ...... -. . . .. ~ ,. • l ' .\ cont.
D3 provides indicJtion if the battery voltare falls bclo~
the prescribed level of 11.23 V DC. J5 pravides for connectio~
of t Ii e bat t er y c ha r g er • i he six bank s 1: i t ,: h , S l , i ~ t ll e
f '.J ~ C ti On s ,: i t C ~ . : ; i Cr Os 1: it Ch s 2 di! a~ le s the his h VO 1 ta 2 e p O 1: er
to the ca~le connector when disconnected.
The alar~ board (optional) is connected to the power supply
board by the cable containins connector P6/J6. The oo?lifier
output ei£nal, pin~ on PG/JG (see scheo3tic Fi5ure l-G), goes
to one input of amplifier Ul (see schematic FiRure 4-5).
The output from the alarm set control on the front panel,
pin, on P5/J5, goes to the second input of Ul. The output froo
Ul operates the audible alar~ throuph Q3 or 02. Only one of
the~e is conncctc~ at the factory to cive lo,: olnr~ or high
alar~, rcs~ectivelr, as requested by the ujer. The ~lnr= ~ill
o~crcte when t~e si;nal falls er rises cbove t~is threshold.
Reference po~er for the alar~ scttinc enters the board at pin 2
and power for the amplifier and tr3nsistors Ql thru 03 enters at
pin 3. The battery charscr provides 15.0 V DC for rechar;inp.
PACE 4-11
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
••
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
READOUT UNIT
METER READOUT
BATTERY
[
POWER SUPPLY
(DC CONVERTER)
PROBE
[ I FAN
[ AMPLIFIER
FIGURE 4•3
BLOCK DIAGRAM
COMPONENT LOCA"rlON
I
ION CHAMBER
u.v.
LIGHT
SOURCE
SAMPLE
p_:r,,.,,. ,d. '. '
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
l,~,-____.L..----,•.sv '---------~-l In FAN r---EXHAUST
GAS
a:
"' z "' 02 -< :r u
SIGNAL
I
I
I
U.V LIGHT
SOURCE
~~~ ____ -_,s_o_ _ __]
I
I
a:
"' "' "' 2 c., <c :i: ..
U-' zi 2 + > al
+
17
PROBE
"' ~ .. ... > i ~ .. -> 2 I < 0 !il ... .. +
~ I
22 18
OC·OC
CONVERTER
► ' .. ~ .. I
L ___ ,2v __
FIEAOOUT ASSEMBLY
> ~ I
20
SPAN
CONTROL
27 COMMON
2, 1-_
F A~I VOLTAGE
2.8 TO 4.211
NOTE: ALL VOLTAGES SMOWN AFIE NOMINAL VALUES.
FIGURE 4•4
BLOCK DIAGRA,M
METER
READOUT
iilil -liiiil liiiill --liiil liiil liiliiil iiiil liiiiil liiil liiil liiil liiil liiil lliiil liiil liiil
U.\
i..'L'I
ot'l.
w..
ll'l'.L
\.L
ll'&
lo.'l..L
L---+--il---------+----------~---i=.-.!!IO~'l~B
Tu """ .----<7
RA.
2.U....
Rl
62DJt
llq s.u..
\OIL UlNk'N r-----t------...------+---------~==~·,
l.ll)"t\:.:
~) IIU.~'!o."lN\5.~ v,. ... C..l.l)ll.(..\'". t!.'L.
L) ftR ~°'O\.. 5.EE.1-'MU C.'HI.. (.\l'\IOOSBL
~ RM. -P. (.. ~"TUL ~ l-t"'6tMlla.1'8~. ~ Fill'..~\.~'-' ~I.. \UltlNb."9.IOOSB'i.
5) .. 1'5,!o.\. ~ ~ 'HU)~"t -..._.
\ u..
FIGURE 4-5
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM, ALARM ROARD
~ <'('---IL• · (. I
.,... l'C.
-------·····--------------
--11----....;--11-------,
il =---, '::" ....... ;11 ... ,o"",,_ 0 • ,. ... ..... --.... ... . I • • .51 ,, .. , ... .... ...
I ... -... -' .. ... .... ' • ~, ' ' -• -., • .. IOlR ... ... -I .. ... ..
.... ... ....... • ... .. ...
I ... I
I ..,.. ................ -!
.,9 ---------4-~~~~-----
I ..... I
•
J. Tl:!ANSFORMER fTil C,t,SE IS CON,.,.ECTEO TO !:iROUNO
• RJ1 & RC7 VALIJES TO BE SELECTED 4T FINAi, TEST.
5. n-us SCMEMATIC IS 'OR USE WITI-! BOARDS SU.RTINO, WITM SERIAL NO. 1411
BOARDS PRIOR TO 1,11 use SD100,04 REV J.
!IOV'-10
•1<:0&0••
•o ,, -
-• •
.\,I ICOIC,
~ C:DMTt.CL
Fl(:iURE 4·6
SCHEMATIC: DIAGRAM, Pl 101
.....
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I ,
I ,;:
I
I
I ,~
I > ,;·,· J
I ------1
' ' ..
,,_l,; I
u "I
I
I
I I I ,.___1 --'t .,,...:
I I
I I
I I
I I
' I I I I
I I
I bt I
I
I I
I I
I I
I I ,)o~
I I
% ~
' I I I
I' I 1----+-1~, ·>-H-1 ~rt lo' ~
-ti•
'! •
t • ! ..
a ! ,r ::» . ' ¼ j
~ . --l . . • • •
~ !
1 • • H 1 ~ 'g • ~ • l u
• ; • ; ~-.. --··r-tr,
~ ., f:3'!
~-I . ' d : l ~ 1 u --• ; -.... ---. ... • u---i 5 § _i ___ ~
'i ·•L} u "j --;1_ -' ' ) ·i 1;5f?! ~
! : t-·l = ~·· . • s ~
·1~ I , J ' " a ~)-~ . ~ • ' I I C
~
,.
( ':--£ I D • a I • • I
• -
E !
:;,.:; I. , ' l ~ . --
i;k! H•• ~ ~ ~
• !,11,..; ~ i • .r> "• ~. ~ .... ,._ 4}-7'7 •. ►
I ~ ti I •• I ... . . -w, ,_
'i' ~f
• I --,__. •• I ~o
'' 'I
I I ~
I I •
I I ll !
II ~ ~
JI ___ ~ <>-f.a----+------:-
•
-4~
~}! ~, • i • L"l-: a -u -d -~u~ ;_ a, •• • I • ' I ~ e9 )< .. ~ s; . ~: ~"l-I • ,, _r;-.
I ij • ~ § 0 ' , J e -
I ..
I I l sf I I I u
I ' , .. .. ..
I ~ o/ lfl 8f~ 'l' sl ~'i sa I, , • •
~ I, ,
::: SC !....., ~---------------
\jl ,i' . , ii' --v"'
-r·· y~y~
,:
I ,--I ..
' ..
I • < ,,. .
I . I ;: ,,, I ..
'°. r -,.: I
I 7-;;, • .. Q !{ k'
I
~ ~ I ., l
.. T,
RI ; ~ • . ., I
i ~~ I
. . .. tl ~-I I I :I ! I ·('--.)----' .,'\....1 ,-\.....J •"-J
~t .-:i • ,~ • t:::::::J ! i ;;: , '
~1l1l11'11l1 ·_" .t ~~~
11!!!!!!!!!!1 11!!!!!!!!!!1 _. -11!!!!!11 --ta!I llllll ----------- -
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
SECTIOf; 5
':a!nce~ance of the analyzer consists of cleanin; t~e la~p
and ion charbcr, replace~ent of the lamp or other cooponcnt
parts or subasseoblies.
\'ARi:r::G: Turn the function si,itch on the control panel to
the OFF position before any disarsembly.
Otherwise, hish voltage of 1200 V DC will be
present.
1'Al'.!'I:'.G: Use great co.re when operetin.(I the analyzer 11ith
the readout assembly outside its case due to the
presence of 1200 V DC,
CAUTI0:1:
Do not look at the lisht source fro~
than(; inches with unprotected eyes,
only briefly, Continued exposure to
energy generated by the light source
harr.ful to eyesight.
any closer
Observe
ultraviolet
can be
Do not interehan~e lamps of different eV ratings
in a probe. Amplifier and components are
selected for a specific eV la~~. A rrobe with
the wrong lamp will not operate pro~erly.
5,2 UV LAfl? A~D IO~ CHA!1BER CLEANI~G
Durin~ periods of operation of the analyzer, dust or other
foreiGn matter could be drawn into the probe forming deposits on
the surface of the OV lamp or in the ion chamber. This
condition ia indicated by meter readings that ara low, erratic,
unstable, non-repeatable, or drifting, or show apparent moisture
sensitivity, These deposits interfere with the ionization
process and cause erroneous readings. Cheek for this condition
monthly or as required. Cleaning can be accomplished as
follows:
a. Disassemble the probe and remove the lamp and ion
chamber (see Section 5.5). Exercise great care in
doing so to prevent inadvertent damage to these
components.
b, First cheek the lamp window for fouling by lookins at
tho surface at an incident angle. Any deposits, films
or discoloration may interfere with the ionization
process. Clean the window as. follows:
PAGE 5-1
I
'I I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
a) First clean by rubbi,g ~ently 11it~ lees
tiss~c ~ip~e~ in .:i detcrccnt solution.
h) If this does not re::iove dc~oEit, apply a sn.:ill
acount of !l'.:l' clca,ing con~ound (C.\J";!5c4)
directly onto the lens of the lacp anc spread
evenly over surface with a non-ahrasive tis~ue
( e . £ , ''. i ::i -·,: i p e ) or a 1 c n s tis s u c .
c) Pi?e off COC?ound with a new tiEsue.
d) Rinse with warr., water (about ~0 de3rees F) or
damp tissue to re □ove all traces of zr:t or
oils and any static charge that nay have
built up on the lens. Dry with nc~ tissue.
e) Reinstall lamp in detector and chec!: analyzer
operation.
f) If performance is still not satisfactory
replace the lacp. See Section 5,3 and
Sections.
2) 11. 7 eV lamp
a) Clean by putting a freon or chlori~ated
organic solvent on a tissue and rubbing
gently.
b) DO NOT CLEAN THIS LA~iP P!TE P,T!R 0~ A'.'Y PAT:~
1':ISCIELE SOLVE!'.TS (methanol or acetone),
It will damage the lamp.
c) DO NOT USE TH! CLEAMH:C: CO::POU!:O used for the
9.5 and 1n,2 eV lamps under any circucstan:es
on the 11.7 eV lamp.
c. Then inspect the ion chamber for dust or particulate
deposits. If such matter is present, the cha~ber can be
cleaned by removing the outer Teflon ring, and the four
screws holding the retaining ring. Carefully move the
retaining ring aaide (HOTE: this is soldered) and re~ove
the screen. A tissue or cotton swab, dry or wetted with
methanol, can be used to clean off any stubborn
deposits. The asse □bly can also be gently swirled in
methanol and dried gently at SG-E0 degrees C for
approxi~ately a half hour. Ho liquid ~ust be present at
reassembly as this would affect the performance. Do not
clean the ion chamber with the HUU cleaning co □pound
cited above in para, b.l)b),
d. Reass~mble the probe and check analyzer operation.
e. If perfor~ance is still not satisfactory replace the
lac~. See Section 5.3.
PAGE 5-~
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
To rcrlJce t':c lar.r, disasser.ble the probe, ree,ove the ale! lanp, install a ne~ one of the sane eV ratinc and rcc1scr.jlc.
,ern the function switch on the control p~nel to the OFF position before disasse~bly. Otherwise, high voltage of 12·)0 V DC will be present.
CAl'TIQ!;
Set the SPA'.: pot to<:.::: for the l•:.: eV la::p. P.enove tr.e readout asse=bly case (see Section 5,6), . Locate the ~ain control potentioneter, R4~, en the power supply board as sho~n on Figure 6-1. Recalibrate the analyzer adjustins this potentior.eter, R6C, with a scall screwdriver to obtain the specified??~ reading, leaving the SPA~ pot set at 9.~.
For th~ ~.5 and 11,7 eV lanps sec the Application Dzta S11eet or c:librations meno for the proper span pot settinas and ret:Cin~s.
Use creat care when operating the analyzer with th• readout asseobly outside its case due to the presence of 1~00 V DC.
Vhen calibration is accomplished, turn the analyzer OFF and replace the reedout assenhly in its case.
Adjustment of
lamp is installed,
acconplished usin~
Rl.3
At
the
potentioceter is used only when all other tiMes adjustment is SPA~ control potentiooeter.
If calibration cannot be achieved, s•e Section~. Troubleshooting,
PAGE 5-3
a new
I
~
I I
I
'
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
L .. ,. cont.
·.eter erratic,
u~~:o.blc or
c,on-rc~c.itable
~. Drifting ~eter or
apparent coisture
sensitivity
a, Loose ca:-lc
connection
h, rirtr or loose
r.ecer connections
c. Contar.ination in
ion cha::,tcr
d. Power supply bocrd
faulty
e. !Instable or noisr
l~::ip
f. Functio~ switch in
hir;h r,1?in, most
sensitive position
&• Fan not o~creting
properly
h. Gas tlow slow or
sto:,pcd
i. Heter contacts
dirty or loose
a. Ion chamber
conta~inated
16' '' j
l) Chee:: c:1'Jlc car.nection
~t control ?~~=l. ~~ss:;·~
~etcr. 7ir.~t~~ cable 1s
rcql!ireC .•
1) Chee!: ~atcr connecticcs,
Cle~n or: ti£h~en as
rcquircc'.
,) Clean ion char.her.
(sec Section 5."},
1) See 7-d-l above,
1) Ob~erve la~p. (Ioportant-
see ~An~Il!G in Section
c,l). Ir operation not
stea~y. replace la~p.
1) Unsta~le r.eter operation
is co~=on vith function
switch in ~ost sensitive
position. Turn switch to
less sensitive position
if dcsirable.
1) P.eplace fan.
1) Sce f-a-1 above.
1) Clean and tighten
contact!:.
1) Clean ion chamber,
(see Section 5.2).
PAGC 6-:S
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
u
I
I
Pad
PAD DA!A, POWE~ SUPP~Y PCC
Vol t21?e
('/ ')(:)
------------------------------------------------------------l
I.;
5
5
7
9
10
l 1
12
13
li:
l 5
l j
17
1 r-:
19
21
22
22
2(
25
26
?--I
2'.'
33
Battery ~ositive (+)
Ground
Battery char~cr (+)
Low Battery Indicator
Low ~att~ry Indicator
Hi-Volt Relay Disconnect
Battery Charger (-)
Battery ~egative (-)
Eattery Negative(-)
Hi-volt P.elay Disconnect
Ar.plifier Signal
Sienal divider for span control
It II ti ti If
" "
"
" "
"
" " "
" " "
" "
" Ion Char:iber acceleratinc volta;e
Zero adjust volta~e power
Fan !:otor
A::tplifier Power
Fan Motor
UV Lar.p
Output Signal to lleter
9attery Chee!: Voltage
f!ot Used
Signal Feedbacl:
Ground
Ground
t!ot Used
Ground
Ground
Alarl!I set power
Alarm set power
-12
-lJ.
-11
-11
(1 or
'! to
"
" " "
+l ~ ~
to -15
to -15
to -15
-12
-5
+15 to +21
-10,E V no!'linal
(see l'IOTE :)
-0.5 to -1:•.5
-1!,.,S nor:iinal
(see Section 4,0 )
up to -1200
(see Section (,2)
0 to -5
-11 to -15
Oto -5
C
0
0
+10
+7
NOTES: 1. For Pad location, see Figure 5-1.
2. Differential potential for fan motor between
pads 19 and 21 will be between 2.6 and 3.6 V DC.
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
g
I
g
H
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
PADS
BATTERY IIOLTAGE
_,, T0-1511
0
PAO 22
UV LAMP VOLTAGE
-30(, II WITH PROBE
CONNECTED
-1 201) 11 WITH PROBE
Ol:5CONNECTED
pllD IS .... . ~ ---0 . ---v,~.._..;. ....... ,,~
PAO 17 \.. ..,..,1--,t .... -~ti ION CHAM BER
•
. ~
~ ltiUr,0( IJI 1M
Q,CI000to z
ill(Y M ~
ACCELERATING
VOLTAGE
+180 TO +181 V
PAO 18
ZERO ADJUST POWI
---'=.~tt---"'"18 TO +21 V
PAO 20
AMPLIFIER POWER
-9.5 TO -10 5 V
GAIN CONTROL POT R48
PADS 21 TO 19 121 LOWSIDE)
FAN MOTOR
2.8 TO 3.8 V
FIGURE &-1
PAD LOCATION, POWER SUPPLY PCB Page
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
n
?in ' l'oltare (V DC)
-----------------------------------------------------------------
A Ground 0
E Span Control Setting varying
C Zero Adjust varyin:;
D Ar.iplifier Power -\~. ! to -lC,S
E Ar.iplifier Sir,nal 0 to -5. 0
F Zero Adjust Voltase +1: to +21
3 Zero Adjutt Voltage varyin&
PAGE: 5-8
I
I
I
I
Pin Signal Kar:ie Volta~c (V DC) -----------------------------------------------------------------
A
B
C
D
E
F
H
J
;:
!.
I:
" ..
Fan :rotor -14, 5 nor.iinal
( see }IOTE)
Zero Adjust varying
Fan tiotor -lC·,6 nominal
(see i:orE l
UV L.1~p up to -1 '.! r:.::1
(see Section /, ' ) • .. '.
Anplifier Signal 0 to -5.0
Ground 0
Span Control Setting varying
Ground 0
Zero adjust V.oltage +12 to +21
Zero t.cjust var:·ing
Ion Chccibcr accelerating +1:0
volta:;e
Acplifier Po\·cr -~·. 3 to -10.5
NOTE: Differenti~l potential for fan motor between pcds 1~
and 21 vill be between 2,6 and 3.6 V DC.
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
' I
I
I
I-
Pin " Signal ::a1:.e Voltaqe ('.' DC) -----------------------------------------·------------------------
1 Al~rr:: s~t pot, high end +S.l
1 Alorn set power +7
3 Alarm power 0 or -I'. to -15
Ali!!rci set +C·.C·2 to +:',. l
: AlarCl board ~O11er + lC•
Ai.:p! i fier po ,.-er -9.: to -1('·.!j
7 Al2rC1 s P. t p O t, low end +·~\. 1_: :. 2
Ground 0
t.11pli:ier signal 0 to -s. r,
PAG~ 6-10
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
r::r:::-::iucrro::
s::.crro:.: ;
P,\::TS LISTS
This section lists a~d sho~~ tl1c location o~ all ?~rt~ of the Photoic~izaticn Analyzer subject to repair and replacenent. !'hen ordering parts, specify r.:odel and serial numbers as well as part nu::iber. Return ell defective warranty pc1rts to 1:1:·J Systens Inc. Obtain a Rett:~n r:aterials Authorization !1unbcr (RiiAi:') from Service Dep~rtncnt.
PAGE 7-1
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
. r.:.. L .• . -!
?:ire .o. --------
48-DA100040
54-DBlOCJ9
5i:-DA FJC·C-53
7?-At,1(,011
70-PA 1001•'.)
l;-ii-G0J-1'-11P
: /) :1 ::-. L ~ I -l ~ 1
(See Fi:, 7-l)
7 . 1 ,·., L ~ ~ :. l 2 i : l _: l -· 1 7
3
[.
5
10
11
ProbE! 1:andle
Probe Shell Assecbly
Cxhac,st Screi.:
Fan/Li3ht So~rce A5secbly
E. 2 e'! Selected !..~:•r
(Specify Appl. l
fnn exhaust esse~bly
,:ir.~plifier board
ion chacber asscnbly, s~. aperture (3.C c~)
ion chec~cr asscctly, so. apertllre golc!
ion chanber assenbly, la, aperture (~.C nc)
ion chamber asse~bly, lg. aperture gold
End cap for probe
End cap screw
Probe extension
12, 13, 14, 15 "O" rine kit
1 7
? !.r. [
17 pin corncction
Probe cable w/conncctor (SS/ft. over 3')
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
TA:iLE i-:
Part :-:o.
2'3-6S0-4C'2
45-DA1O1316
7c•-AC 1 C :C· '.' 2
::or,:::L Pr-1-1
(See Fig. 7-::'.)
1 3 ~ s 6 7 r 0 i0 11
refer to Fi~. ~o. Asse~bly
1
2
1,
7
g
0
11
----·-----------------
Front fieter Gloss
Pot (span)
!'ot (zero)
Power Supply !oard
fuse,s, boJ: of 12
Battery
Gr.iyhill switch
PAGE 7-3
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
--------
!. C -~-·~< :. 1 : -A !
V" r-
n~: .--.. ~1,-..c::1-, .. ...) .... -"
; : () I"<~ L :1 I !
(sec ,-i~.
1 ·, 3 '
refer to ?i~. c.
5
PAGS i-l·
--------------
C~c.r~C?r, ~.:,tterr: !'::.·.",
l~~ V AC, 1 ,~ in,ut
':a$e, cover
Case, reacout assecbly
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
n
I
I
I
TA!::LE 7-l
Part t! o .
101-300
lCl-3:l
1:)1-351
101-5,J('
PAP.TS LIST
ACCESS0P.I!':S
(Mo fi;ure is ?rovidel for this list.)
tescription
Portable Recorder
Has a 2'' chart width with 2''/hour chart
speed. Operates on 12 v DC power free
analyzer. Complete with cclticonductor,
interface cable for battery po,,er and signal
end mountin~ bracl:et for attaching recorder
to side of analyzer.
Ctr.rt !'aper
For portable recorder, C rolls.
~iulticonductor Interface Cable
For recorder, contains leads for connecting
reco!der to analyzer. )In~luded in part
1r1-~'JO above)
Calibration Gas Cylinder
Contains 22 liters of span gas i~ air
(300 psi) sufficient for 40-50 calibrations.
(4" diameter by 12'' hich).
Rei;ulator
For use with calibration cylinder, ,·lod~l
101-35C, cocplete with gauses for reading
both cylinder pressure and flow.
Cleanins Compound
For removins deposits free window of 9.5 or
10.2 eV lamp (not the 11.7 eV lacp.)
PAGE 7-5
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
u
I
I
I
•
I
v
14
FIGURE 7·1
PARTS LOCATION, PROBE ASSEMBLY Fa. . .
I
I
I
'
~
'
' -•
I
I
3 (BEHIND PANEL)
,o _ _...~ .....
a---'-
FIGURE 7•2
2 (BEHIND PANELi
4 (BEHIND PANEL)
PARTS LOCATION. REl,0OUT ASSEMBLY
I
,1
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
'
5
FIGURE 7·3
PARTS LOCATION, OTHER ITl~MS
I
'
' i I
I
I
I
This section contain~ the follo,:in~ ~~~itional infor~ation
~ertinent to t~c ?I 101 An~lyzer.
Section
G. 1
S. 3
S.4
Subject
Static: Calibration
Calibration Chec:1:ing with Isobutyle~e
Calibration with Alternate Gas
Uncalibrated Operation
Ioniz&tion Tables
Parranty
Publications List
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
A techniqoe ~no~n ns static calibracioo is very useful ~~e,
i t i s d cs ired to c ~lib rate ,: i th a part i cu 1 a r s pc c i a 1 r.: ix tu re
r~t~er than an availa~le standard. The proce~urc is:
a. Select an inert container of kno,:n volu~e. e.~ .• a 4
lite! Teflon bag, and clean by filling with
~firoc3rjon-free 3ir and exhaustiog t~ree or four times.
The container and fittings should have r.:inir.:al
interaction with the gas to be used.
b. Fill the container with hydrocarbon-free air bet~ecn
sanples and test with the analyzer. ~epeat several
times to determine the background level in the
container, Correct instru □cnt response by subtracting
this background for accurate results.
c. Fill a snall, inert gas-ti~ht Gyringe (slass/Teflon)
(e.g., 1 cc) with the desired gas and inject into the
container. See the sample calculstions, If the desired
caterial is a liquid at room tenperaturc, a snaller
syringe (e.g., 1 ul or 10 ul) is used. Inject a known
volu::ie of the liquid into the container. Touch the
syringe tip to the inside of the container to remcve any
residue droplets. A needle on the syringe is not
necessary, but if one is used, ic should be used
throu;hout or delivery errors nre possible.
d, Fill the container with a known volume of clean air and
stopper the container. A lar;e syringe, such as the
I,, 'lt "r.! l 51c;l"\r, (1 '1· .) i d 0 .~r.n on "o e --·· -... 1ters s rccom::ien ec.
Calibreted flowmeters may also be used, The accuracy of
this calibretion method is direccly dependent on the
accuracy used to measure the species involved.
e. Wait several minutes until the gBs is well mixed or the
liquid is evaporated and mixed. Chee!: for liquid in the
container before proceeding, If the liquid does not
completely evaporate, the correct concentrations will
not be seen in the gas phase. Warming the bag may be
necessary to ensure complete evaporation.
f. Connect the probe inlet to the container oakin& sure
there are no leaks,
CAUTION: Work in a hood if hazardous gases are used.
WARNING
Be very careful to note the toxic levels and the Lower
Explosive Limits for personal safety, The PI 181 is n
nondestructive analyzer and must be used in a hood when
calibrating ~1th toxic or hazardJus ~aterials.
PAGE:-~
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
SECTIO~ e.l, STATIC CALIERATIO~ cont.
g. Allow the analyzer to s£~ple fro □ the container.
Conpression of t~e container by han~ ~cy be necessary
since the analy~er will not sample across c pressure
dro?, The analyzer flo1: is about 100 -20S cc/~in an~
s~all changes will not effect the reading. Eo1·ever, the
flo~ should be constant.
11, Ob~erve the readin3s during calihration to ensure that
the gas i~ well mixed and there are no concentration
3radients within the container, This will be evident by
uniform □eter readings,
i. P.ecord the reading after about 10 seconds. The reading
should be stable for up to 2 ~inutes since the flow rate
is !CG to 200 cc/min, Large fluctuations in flow could
effect the readings.
j. Adjust the SPA~ control to set the analyzer to be direct
readin& at a concentration level near the range to be
used,
k. ?repare 5 or r, different concentrations of the
calibration gas and plot the instrument reading~ versus
concentration in ppm (v/v) to obtain a calibration
curve, Clean the container between each point, For
spot checkina the calibration, two levels close to the
measured concentration •·hich agree to within 10~ are
acceptable. Concentrations lower than !OG pp□ of a gas
can be prepared by diluting a lGO or 200 p~m level with
clean air. l!owevcr, do not dilute a ~ixture by more
than a factor of lC. A bias in the calibration curve
could indicate preparation/container effects, such as
''hang-up'' on the walls of the container at high levels
resultin~ in lower readings. At low levels, the
co:pound may diffuse out or evaporate off the walls
resulting in higher readin~s. Gentle heating should
alleviate this condition.
PAGE 1-3
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
u
I
I
I
? r c c i = i c ~ : + / -l .-· ......
•~ pp~ to I percent (sec ~OTE \)
Sanplc Calculations:
Gaseous Sanplc: ,Assume 0,15 ml of a pure gas, e.;., vinyl
chloride, is injected into the container with 1.5 liters oC
hy~rocerbon-free air by the syrin;e. The concentration
t.'len is:
voluce injected (nl) E 0.15 nl
--------------------x !O ■ -------x 10 • 1~r ppn vessel volume (ml) 1500 ml
Li~u1d sn □~le: Assuce l.C nicroliters of a volatile li~uid such
as toluene is injected into the container and 1.5 liter
syrin3e filled with hydrocarbon-free air is added.
The conce~tretion then is:
volu □e injected (ml) x density (g/cl)
x molar voluce (liters/mole) 0
----------------------------------------------------------X 10 nolecular weight (g/mole) x volume of air (liters)
r.
• 1 3 l pp □ (see ,OTE 2)
NOTES: 1. Lar;er gas and liquid syrinses are needed for
the upper portion of this range,
~-'ARNING
Note the toxic levels and the Lower
Explosive Limits for personal safety. The
PI 101 is a nondestructive analyzer and must
be used in a hood when calibrating with
toxic or hazardous materials.
2. The molar voluoe of toluene at 20 oC and one
atmosphere is 24.C, This value must be corrected
for the actual conditions, otherwise errors as
high as 201 mi;ht be cncou~tered. Corrections
are cE~C usin~ the standard gas laws.
I s?.:TIO'•: .: co~t.
I
I
n
H
I
CAL!J':ATIO:: cc::::c:r::G \.'IT'i ISO:'.l'TYLE:::;:
The c3litration of t~e cnalyzer can be rapidlv chec'.:ed bv
tl-:~ use of an :~::u s::1~11 dis?osr.ble crlinder contzi~i:i~ ·
is abut y 1 e ~ e ( :-: : : t} p :1 l · '• ~ -~ 5 ~ ) t: i. t :, a :-'= ~ 1..: 1 :i. t v :-(:::: U p n ] ·: 1 -: :. 1 ) •
At t~c f3ctory, t~c ane~yzer is first cali~rated 0:1 t!1e
~esired gas standard at the specified concentration. Then a
cecsurecent is ~ade with isobutylene.
Tl1e pp~ readin[ clonG with the S?~n settin; usi:i:
isobutylene is recorded in the calibration report.
In service, the anal:•zer cali~ration can be ct:cc 1:cd a~d
readjusted i(~ece~sary by usin; this cylin~er and reJul~tor as
follo11s:
a. Connect the analyzer to the re~ulator and cylinder with
a short piece (butt connection) of tubing as shown in
Fisura r-1. The calibration ~as in the crlindcr
consists of a cixture of iso~~tylene and zero air.
Isobutylene is nontoxic and safe to use in confined
arccs. There are no listed e~?osure levels at any
concentration.
The regulator sets and controls che flow rate of gas at
a value preset at the factory. This will be about lQG
to :c1,J cc/oin.
It is important that the tubin; be clean since
contaminated tubinG will effect Che calibration reorlin~.
Do not use the cylinder belov about 3~ psig as readings
below that level can deviate up to 1r~ from the rated
value.
Safely discard the disposable cylinder 1:hen ecpty.
Do not refill this cylinder.
It is against the law to tra~sport refilled cylinders.
b. With the SPA:: setting and the function s~itch at the
same positions as listed in the Application Data Sheet
or Calibration Report, open the valve on the cylinder
until a steady reading is obtained.
c. If the reading is the snme as the recorded d~ta, the
analyzer calibration for the original species of
interest is still correct.
d. If the reeding hes chan~ed, adjust the SPA~ setting
until the reading is the same.
e. Shut off the cylinder as soon as the reading is
established.
f. Record and maintain this new SPAN setting. Then
recalibrate the analyzer on the species of interest as
soon as possible.
g. ~henever the analyzer is recalibrated, it is to be
i~mediately chec~ed with the small cylinder and the
readinci recorded. This can then be csed for later
checking in the field.
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
H
I
.1
I
I
I
?ROBE EXTENSION
~UTT CONNECTION
REGUI.ATOA
VALVE
CYLINDER
FIGURE 8·1
CALIBRATION CHECKING SET·iLIP
Page 8·5
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
a
I
I
g
I
I
SE:CTIO:: _ cone.
If a c2libration stan~ard \:ith the· s.:i:::c tr:,ce ~3J ,;s t;":e.t
to be ceasured is not a•eilable or is ~c=ar~ous, it is Jossible
to use an al:crnatc calibration gas. ln this case, t~c· e~occted
reading for calibration cust be co □pen1ated for the di!fer~nce
between t~e t~o gases. In operation, the □ctcr will then give a
direct reading_of the gas being measured.
T~is calibration is illustrated in the followinc exa □ples:
(PS• ?hotoiOnization Sensitivity, Sec Table ~-14)
a. Given a case in which:
1) The trace sas to be measured is Vinyl Chloride
(PS • :.•))
1) The calibration sas to be used is Isobutrlene
(PS• 7.(1 ) at a 10Q pp~ level
~hat i~ the pp □ readinc to be when calibrating to
give a direct reading when □easurins Vinyl
Chloride?
The required readin3 for calibration will be:
PS(Isob)
• Isobutylene pp~ --------------
i.O
• 100 X ---
5,Q
• 11, C' ppm
P:,(Vin Chlor)
In this exa □ple, using a calibration gas with 100 ppo of
Isobutylene, adjust the SPAN control so the meter reads 140 pp □•
In operation, the instrument will then give a direct reading of
the ppm of Vinyl Chloride.
b, Given a case in which:
1) The trace gas to be measu1:ed in Benzene (PS• 10. J)
2) The calibration gas to be used is Isobutylene
(PS • 7.0) at a level of 100 ppm
3) l·!ha t is the ppii: reading t1) be when calibrating to
give a direct reading when r.easurins Benzene.
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
H
n
-.. '
r~e re~uired rco~in: for calibration will be:
PS(Isob)
= Isotuty~.e~e pp □ v -----------
?S(Gc,~zene)
7 • ·:
1 Q. C,
= 7C.G pp~
In this example, usin; a calibration gas 11ith 10: ppm of Isobutylene, adjust the SPAN control so the meter rea~s 70 ppm. In operation, the instrument will then give a direct reading of t~e P?□ of Ser.zone.
c, Given a case in which:
!) T~e trace ras tc be ~easured is H:5 (?S • :.~)
2) The level of !i2S for which it is to be calibrated is ':0 pp~.
3) The calibration gas available is Isohutylene (PS • 7 .'J)
t) µhat ppm level of Isobutylene is required to permit ~irect reading of E:S, calibrating at its ~0 ppm level.
The required Isobutylene level for calibration will be:
PS(:!: S)
• H~S ppm x ---------PS(Isob)
2 • e:
• 60 X
7. ') ,,,..
• 2!;. ~ pp!!!
In this example, using a calibration gas with 2~.a ppm of Isobutylene, adjust the SPA~ control so the meter reads GO ppm. In operation, the instrument will then give a direct reading of the ppm of H2S.
Care is to be ta~en when working with flammable gas samples to stay below the Lower E~plosive Limit (LEL) and with hazardous or toxic gases to stay below the Threshold Liait Value (TLV) safe working level.
If difficulties ar! encountered in calibration, the user should con~ult the loci:l :~;:u representative.
PAGf.
I
-I
I
I
D i
I
D
I
S~C~ic:: ,. cont.
~est o~eration of the aoalyzer iE acconplis~ed by its
calibration for the gas tote measured, In cases ,:here it
beco~es necessary to operate ~ith a sas for which it has not
been calibrated and recalibration is not possible, correction
can be ~ode to the meter readin,.
One method is by use of a chart. Figure S-2 is such a
chert. It shovs performance curves for various cases tein•
neasured by an instrument with a 10.2 eV lamp an~ calibrat~d for
benzene. This illustrates the effect of the different
sensitivities of gases. These curves can be used directly !or
correcting a meter reading if the instrument is calibrated for
benzene and is ~easurin; one of the ~ases sho11n, For e:an~le,
if the ~as being measured is Propylene and the reading is : ppm,
then the actual concentration is about 2rJ ppm.
A second method is to multiply the neter reading by a
correction fnctor as follovs:
PS (Cal gas)
Actual ppm• ppm reading x ----------------
PS (Trac:e gas)
in ,·hich
PS is the photoionization sensitivity of each of t~e t1·0
;ases. Table ,:-14 ~ives a list of the relative photoiontzation
sensitivities of a number of specific gases uith vhich the
an~ly:er ni;ht be used. Use of this method is illustrate~ hy
the follovinc examples:
a. Instrument calibrated for Eenzene (PS• 10,J)
and measuring Acetone (PS• 6.3)
Actual ppm• ppm readin~ x
6. 3
• ppm reading x 1.5
b. Instruoent calibrated for Vinyl Chloride
(PS• 5,0) and oeasuring Carbon Disulfide (PS• 7.1)
s.o
Actual ppo • ppm reading x
7. 1
• ppm reading x 0,7
These values are valid only for an analyzer vith a 10.2 eV
la~p. Different sensitivities occur with £.San~ 11.7 eV lam~s.
I
I
I
I
I
I 50
I 40
I e a. ~
g> 30
'6 I ~ QI a: -C: QI 20
I E ~ ~ .;
C:
I 10
I 0
0 10
I
u
I
I
I
I
i I
I
/
~ ------
20 30 40 50
Concentration (ppm)
FIGURE 8·2
TYPICAL OUTPUT CURVES-
ANALYZER WITH 10.2 eV LAMP
CALIBRATED FOR BENZENE
Benzene
CS2
Acetone
MIBK
Vinyl Chloride
Propylene
H2S
Heptane
I
I
I
I
I
'
I I ~
I
I
I
I
~
I
d
' I
I
8-32 X 3/8
FLAT HEAD
2 PLACES
ST..i.NDBY 0-2000
e..i.r~-200
°" \Q.;'-"
ZERO
0
-5V p
RECORDER
RED TIP JACK
RECORDER
' ' 1 1
STRAP SUPPORT ~-8-32 X 5/16
FLAT HEAD
2 PLACES
FIGURE 8·3
RECORDER MOUNTING
RECORDER
BRACKET
Page 8-11
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
s::c:-10:: cont.
Io~iz~tion 7ablcs
Ionizat1cn ,ocent1al~ for varint!S ato~s, ~ole~ules, an~
co~pounds arc civen in 7ables :-1 t!~ru :-12. Ioniz~tion
sc~sitjviti?~ an~ ar~ro~ic~te s~~n scttin;s for 11.: eV, 11.7
eV, ar~ 0 .5 eY la~?S are given in Tables [-1~, :-15, and :-~C
respectively.
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
m
TABLE 8.1
SOME ATOMS AND SIMPLE MOLECULES
IP (el/) IP (eV)
H 13.595 12 9.28
C 11 254 HF 15.77
N 14 54 HCI 12. 74
0 13.614 H8r 11 .62
s; 8.149 HI 10.38
s 10.357 S02 12.34
F 17.42 CO2 13.79
Cl 13.01 cos 1,., 8
Br 11.84 CS2 10.08
10.48 N20 12.90
H2 15.426 N02 9.78
N2 t5.580 03 12.80
02 12.075 H20 12.59
co 14.01 H2S 10.48
CN 15. 13 H2Se 9.88
NO 9.25 H2Te 9.14
CH ,, . 1 HCN 13.91
OH 13.18 C2N2 13.8
F2 15. 7 NH3 10.15
Cl2 11 .48 CH3 9.840
8r2 10.55 CH4 12.98
PAGE 9-13
TABLE 8.2
PAFV,FFINS ANO CYCLOPARAFFINS
Molecule IP (oV)
metnane 12 98
ernane 11 65
0rooane 1107
n•butane 10.63
i-bulane 10.57
n·pentane 10.35
i-oen11ne 10.32
2. 2-,1;me1hylprooane 10.35
n•l"lexane 10.18
~ •metny1pentane 10.12
J·methylpentane 10.08
2. 2·dimethylbutane 10.06
2. 3·dimethylbutane 10.02
n-heptane 10.08
2.2.4-tnmethylpentane 988
cycloprooane 1006
cyc10oen11ne 10.53
cyclohexane 9.88
met "fleyclohe11ne 9.85
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
TABLE 8.3
ALKYL HALIDES
Molecule IP (oV)
HCI 12.74
c,2 11 48
CH4 12 98
methyl Chloride 11 28
dicriiorometnane 11 .JS
tnchlorometnane 11 42
tetrachloromethane 11.4 7
ethyl chloride 10.98
1 .2·dichloroeu,ane 11.12
1-chlorocrop,ane 10.82
2-cl"lloroorooane 10.78
1.2·diehloroprcpane 10.87
1 ,J•dic:hlorool'OQane 10.85
1 -c:hlorot>utano 10.87
2-cnlorobutane 10.85
1-c:nlorc>2•methylprooane 10.68
2·c:hloro-2•methylorooane 10.61
HBt 11.62
Br2 10.55
methyl bromide t0.53
dibrornornotriano 10.49
tribomomethane 10.51
CH2BrCI 10.77
CHBr2CI 10.59
ethyl oron,_,. 10.29
1. 1 •ditlromootriane 10.11
1 -bromo-2-c:htoroothane 10.83
TABLE 8.3 (continued)
Molecule IP (oV)
1-0romoprocane 1U.18
2•bromoorooane 10075
1 .J·dibrom00r00ane 1007
1-bromobutane 10.13
2-bromobutane 998
1 ·brom~2-methylprooane 10.09
2·bromo-2-methylpropane 989
l •bromopentane 10.10
HI 10.38
12 928
mothyt iOdiCle 9.54
diiOdomotriano 9.34
ett,ytiOdido 9.33
1 •iodootcpano 9.28
2·i0dogrooano 9.17
1 ·iodobutane 9.21
2·iodobutane 9.09
1 •iodo-~·•methylpral)lne 9.16
2·i0do-2•moti,ylprooono 9.02
1 •iOdogontane 9.19
Fz 15.7
HF 15.77
CFCl3 (Freon t 1) 11.77
CF'2Cl2(Froon 12) 12.31
Cl• 3Cl (Freon 13) 12.91
CHCJF2 !Freon 22) 12 45
CFBr3 10.87
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
TABLE 8.3 (continued)
Molecule IP (O\I)
CF 2 a,2 11 07
CH3CF2CI iGenetron 1011 11.98
CFCl2CF2CI 11 99
CF3CC13 1F,eon 1131 11.78
CFHBrCH2Br 10 75
CF2BrCH2Br 10.83
CF3CH21 1000
n-C3F7I 10.36
n•C3F7CH2CI 11 .84
n-C3F7CH2I 9.96
TABLE 8.4
ALIPHATIC ALCOHOL, ETHER, THIOL.
ANO SULFIDES
Molecule IP (ell)
H2O 1 2.59
me1ny1 a1cono1 10.85
ethyl atcono4 10.48
n•propyl 11con01 10.20
i-prooy1 alcohol 10.16
r>-butyl alcohol 10.04
dime1hy1 ether 10.00
diethyl ether 9.53
r>-proPYI ether 9.27
i-prooyt ether 9.20
H2S 10.48
metl'\anethiO, 9.440
elllanethiOI 9.285
1-orooaneth101 9.195
1 •butanethiol 9.14
dimethyl suttide 8.685
ethyl methyl suttide 8.55
diethyl outtide 8.430
di-n-prOQyl suttide 8.30
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
TABLE 8.5
ALIPHATIC ALDEHYDES AND KETONE$
Molecule IP (eV)
co, 13.79
for~a,:::enyoe 10.87
acetaldehyde 10.21
prop1onaldeMyde .9 98
n-butyraldehyde 9.86
isobutyraldehyCle 9.74
n-vaJeratdehyde 9.82
1s0valeratdehyde 9.71
acrolein 10.10
cr0Ionaldehyde 9.7J
benzaldenyde 953
acetone 9.89
mernyt et~ ketone 9.53
metnyt n-proc,yl ketone 939
methyl l"progyl ketone 9.32
diethyl ketone 9.32
metnyt n-butyt ketone 9.34
methyl ;.bYtyl ketone 930
3. 3•d1me1nyf butanone 9. I 7
2•ne011none 9.33
eycIooent1none 9.28
cyclonexanone 9.14
2. J·butanedione 9.23
2. ••pent an 11f one 8.87
TABLE 8.6
ALIPHATIC ACIDS ANO ESTERS
Molecule IP (eV)
CO2 13 79
tormic acid 11.05
acetic acid 10.37
procionic acid 10.24
n•b\Jtyric acid 10.18
ISObutyriC acid 10.02
n-valeric acid 10.12
methy1 fOf'mate 10.815
etnyf tom,ate 10.81
n-propy1 formate 10.54
n-butyl tom,11e 10.50
ISObulyf fo,mate 10.48
methyl acetate 10.27
ethyl ICIIIII 10.11
n-crocyt 1ce1a1e 10.04
isoo,c,pyt acetate 999
n-butyl acetate 10.01
isobutyl acetate 9.97
wc•butyl acetate 9.91
metnyt p,oc:,,onare 10. I 5
ethyl crooionate 10.00
metnyt n-Outyrate 10.07
metnyf isobutyrare 9.98
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
TABLE 8. 7
ALIPHATIC AMINES ANO AMIDES
Molecule IP it'll
NH3 10 1 5
meniyl amine 8.97
eu,y1 amine 8 86
n-orooyt amine 8.78
1"'Crocy1 amine 872
n·butyl amine 8.71
1-butyl amine 8.70
s·butyl amine 8.70
!·butyl am,ne 8.64
dimethyl amine 8.24
d1e11iyI amine 8.01
d~n-prQPyl amine 7.a,
dt-~prooyl amine 7.73
dt-n-butyl am,ne 7.69
trimetny1 amine 7.82
tnethyl amine 7.50
tn-n-prooyl amine 7.23
tormam,de 10.25
acetam,de 9.77
N-metnyt ace1am,de 6.90
N,N-d11ne1nyl tormamlde 9.12
N. N-dimetl'!yl 1cet1m1de 6.81
N,N-d,elnyt lormam,de 8.59
N.N-dietl'!yt acatamlde a.eo
TABLE 8 8
OTHER ALIPHATIC MOLECULES WITH N ATOM
Molecule IP l•Vl
n1trometriane 11 08
nitroet,-,ane 10 88
1-n1trocrocane 10 81
2·n1trocro0ane 10 71
HCN 13 91
aceton11n1e 1 2.22
pro0,on1tr1le 11 84
n•butyronttnle 11.67
acr)iton1trde 1091
J·butene-n1tr,Ie 10.39
etny1 nitrate 11.22
n-o,ooyi n,tra1e
methyl th,oeyanare 10.065
ethyl 1ruocyana1e 969
methyl 1sotti10C"tanate 9 25
etny1 rsotn,ocyanale 9 14
I
I TABLE 8.9 TABLES.10
OLEFINS, CYCLO-OLEFINS.
I ACETYLENES
SOME DERIVATIVES OF OLEFINS
Molecule IP (ell)
I e1ny1e.,e 1051 5
Molecule IP (11/)
vinyl cn1or1de 9.995
prooyiene 9 73
I 1 ·butene 9 58
c1s•d1chloroethy1ene 9 65
trans•d1chloroetny1ene 9.66
2-metnylprooene 9 23 tnchloroernylene 9 45
I trans-2-butene 913
c1s•2·butene 9.13
te1racn1oroetriy1ene 9 32
v,nyl bromide 9.80
I 1-oentene 9.50
2-methyl-1 •butene 9.12
1 ,2•dibromoetnytene 945
tr1bromoethyiene 9.27
3-me1ny1-1-bu1ene 9.51 I 3-me1ny1-2•bulene 8.67
3•chloroorooene 10.04
2.3·dtCnlorocrooene 982
1 ·l"lexene 9.46
I 1 .3·butadiene 9.07
1-bromoorooene 9.30
3·bromooroPOne 9.7
•soorene 8.845 CF3CCl•CCICF3 10.38
I cyetooentene 9.01
cyc1onexene 8.945
n-C5F 11 CF•CF2 10.48
acrole1n 10.10
I 4-mernylcyetohexene 8.91
4-c1nylcy10ne•ene 8.93
crotonaldehyde 9.73
mes1tyt oxide 9.08
cyclo-octatetraene 7 99 I acetylene 11 .41
v1ny1 methyl ether 8.93
allyl alconol 9.87
propyne 1038 vinyl acetate 9.19
I 1·butyne 10. 18
I
I
I
I
I
I f-.,:.,~ E
I
I
I
I
I
1·
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
TABLE 8.11
HETEROCYCLIC MOLECULES
Molecule IP (I'll
•uran 8.89
2•me:ny1 furan 8.39
2·1uraldehyde 9.21
tetrariydrofuran 9.54
d1hydropyran 8.34
1etrahydropyran 9.26
thiopnene 8860
2·chtoro1r11ophene 8.68
2-bromoth1O0riene 8.63
pyrrole 8.20
pyridine 9.32
2·pieoline 9.02
3·PICOline 9.04
4•PK:Ohne 904
2.3·1utH:tine 8.85
2.4•1ut1d1ne 8.85
2.6--luhdine 885
TABLE 8.12
AROMATIC COMPOUNDS
Motecule IP l•Vl
benzene 9 245
totuene 8 82
ethyl benzene 3.76
n-procyt benzene 6.12:
~crooyt benzene 3 59
n-outy! benzene 8.69
S·butyt benzene 868
!·butyl benzene 8 68
o-1ytene 8.56
m-1y1ene 8.56
p,1y1ene 8.4'5
mes1tytene 8 40
durene 8.025
styrene 8 47
trmethyl styrene 8.35
ethynylbenzene s a, 5
n101na1ene 8.12
1-metny1nactri11ene 7 89
2-metnytnaptl'\alene 7 955
o,pnenyt 8.27
pnenol 8.50
an1toe 822
cnenetoAe 813
11enu1<1envo1 953
ICII00"'41none 9 27
ben11neu,,01 8 JJ
pnenyt ,aocy1n11e 8 77
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
•
TABLE 8.12 (continued)
Molecule IP (OIi)
0nenyi 1sotn1ocyana1e 8 520
benzonitnle 9.705
n1trabenzene 9.92
aniline 7.70
ftuoro-benzene 9.195
cnIoro-benzene 9.07
bromo-benzene 898
iodo-benzene 8.73
o-d1cn1orobenzene 9.07
m-dichlorot>enzene 9.12
p-dicnl0<obenzene 8.94
1-cnloro-2-flucrobenzene 9.155
1 -ct11oro-J·flu0<01>enzene 9.21
·1-bromo-4-fluorobenzene 8.99
o-fluorototuene 8.915
m-ltuorotoluene 8.915
p-f\uorotoluene 8.785
C>-cnlorotoluene 8.83
m-enioroto4uene 8.83
p-ct1l0<0tolu-8.70
o-l>r0<nototuene 8.79
m-Oromototu-8.81
p-Or0<notoluene 8.87
o-tOdototuene 8.82
m-iodototuene 8.81
p-tOdototuene 8.50
benzotnfluonde 9.aa
o-ttu0<01)nenot 8.88
TABLE 8.13
MISCELLANEOUS MOLECULES
Molecule IP(oll)
ethylene ~x1de 10.565
oropylene oxide 10 22
p,dioxane 9.13
dimetnoxymethane 10.00
d1ethoxymethane 9.70
·1, l ·dimetnoxyethane 965
proc,iolactone 9.70
methyl disutfide 8.48
ethyl disulfide 8.27
diethyl sulfite 9.68
tniotaeetie acid 10.00
ICOlyl Ct1IO<ide 11.02
1ce1y1 brO<noOe 10.55
cycto-CeH 11 CF3 10.46
ir>-C3F7WCH3)C-O 10.58
tnchlorov,nylsilane 10.79
iC2F5>3N 11.7
iSoQ<eno 9.08
pnosgene 11.77
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
H
I
,I
I
I
I
I
I
-,:--r:--:-1 , 1 :. -... ... - -• :
?.::'..ATil'E' r::r,roro>:I:C.\TIJ:: s::::SITil'ITIC:S 0:-
l'A~IOC:S GAS:'.S TO,\ i".2 e\' LA::P
Span
P~otoionization fnr
Gas Sensitivity (see ~ote !)
Control Settin~
;lircct re~Cing
(a?pr()xic:ate) --------------------------------------·---------------------
p-xylcne
::-.-xylene
benzene
toluene
diethyl sulfide
diethyl ac,ine
strrenC'
trichloroethylenc
carbon disulfide
i!;obutylene
acetone
tetrahydrofuran
methyl ethyl ketone
methyl isobutyl ketone
cyclohexanone
naptha (8si aromatics)
vinyl chloride
methyl isocyanate
iodine
netr.yl c,ercaptan
11. 4
11. 2
1~.C (reference ~tendard)
1,. .-, -. -
1 , ... , n .. . ..
q. 7
7. 1
7.0
l'j • (',
5. 7
'5.1
S. 1
5.0
s.o
3.5
4.3
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
n
I
I
I
I I
I
I
I
:ir.cthyl sulfide
allyl c:lco1ol
r.ineral snirits
c ye loe::ene
cr(')tonal1eh)'de
acrolcin
r.ethrl rnethacrylate
pyridine
hydro;en sulfide
ethylene cibro~ide
n-octane
acctaldehyde oxime
hexi:ne
phosphine
heptane
allyl chlorit!e
(3-chloropropene)
ethylene
isopropanol
ethylene oxide
acetic anhydride
'· . -. -·
, r -..
I: • ('
-., ,.;,, • I J
, --. ,)
: • 5
, , -. -
2. 2
l. 7
1.5
1.0
1 • (',
1.0
1.0
alpha pinene 0,7
dibro~ochloro?ropane 0.7
1. 0
a. 1
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
g
I
n
R
I
I
C?ichlorohydrin
nitric oxide
beta pi.nene
citral
ar.ir.:onia
acetic acid
nitro;;cn dioxide
□ethane
acet)'lene
'). 7
C.3
(\. 1
C. C,
1'.0TI: 1: ?F,I reading when measur·ing 10.O pp!:! of
particular gas with ~o~itor calibrated for
benzc:ie.
PAGE 2-23
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
g
0
D
I
I
c':LITIV:: P'.iOTOICl::r:.\T~o:: S:.::SI"il'.'~-:-I:'S 0:-
\1.\':IOUS GASSS TO A 11. 7 el/ !./,::~
Direct
G~s
(A~?rox.)
Photoionization Sensitivity
( S e e i·: o t e l )
Span Control
Setti'.1£ for
Direct
P.c::icin~
( Appro~.) ------------------------------------------------------------Carbon Disulfide
fieptane
f'e:c1ne
Pcntane
1,: Dichloroet!:ane
Scnzene
!'.I!:i-:
Isobutylcne
Toluene
t:ethyl Chloride
i:ethylene Chloride
111 Trichloroethane
Carbon Tetrachloride
:::thylene Dichloride
3utane
T!i:
Acrylonitrile
i·iFI:
Chloroforn
1,1,2,2 Tetrachloroethane
Acetone
Propane
Isoproponol
Acrolein
Ethene
Ethanol
:·!ethanol
1,1,2 Trifluoroethane
Acetonitrile
3 3. '.:
2 2 • 1
lS.9
1 .": • 1
1 2 . 0
1 2 • ~
1 Cl • .-)
1~.0 (Reference Std.)
lC.C,
9 .r.
0.4 ~. r. , ..
~.n
~ .. ~,
D.7
7. ':
7. 1
(, . ('
6.0
5.7 -. :, ...
l:-. 5
3 • l:.
3.0
l • f,
TJ • 3
0.1
NOTE 1: PP~! readin~ when measurin~ 10.0 ppm of
s.n
1.0
particular sas with monitor calibrated for benzene.
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
n
I
B
g
n
I
I
~:·s:a~E, r~corror~te1, ~~rrants ~11 itens to ~e frc~
~~o~ defec:: in ~atcrial a~d ~or!(~13ns~in :1!1~~ usetl un~cr norrtl
operatin; coac.itio~s. ::::.;• s liabilitI ~.ereunder shall ,c
ll~ited to the rc~air or replace~ent of the articles asccrtainef
to be defective within one (1) year after date of shipnent
(excc?t that the light source warranty is limited to three (3)
nonths anc does not include breaka£C, and battery warranty is
1 i r.1 it c d to three ( :: ) ;:, c nth s ) , prov iced , ho" e "er that the ~ u ye r
shall give notice to H:iu within t~irty (~") days after discovery
of such defective ~:terial and provided furtl1er that all
defective n~t!rial ~c shipped prepaid to the ::~C plant within a
reasonable ti~e fron the date of discovery of the (efcct and
durinc such 11arr3nty period. After the re,air or reolace□e~t,
I:' T ,: i 1 1 s r. i? t;,. e said it e ~ to ::. u l' er , tr an :sport at ion· ch a r ~es
prepaid, to any point in the United States thee 2uyer r:,ay
dcsi;nate.
T:::: rc-:-:s:H::G IS T':'c 50'...:C: EXTS::T OF !!::'.:' S ' .. 'A~.:::.:;·fy /..;'') ::o OT!IE'.'.
SL\:E!::::;•:s C•:: ,·_:.?.::.~:·,r:s. ::::.:r'.'.'.:SSC:J CJf. r::rLI:C::). ~::ALL !3!:: !-!o::o~.ED, r::l)[,' :,o cr~cu::STA::cr:s SHALL ,i:T s:: St:!lJ!::C'!' TO A:,Y
LU.::ILI,Y i:C~ :'.'':CI.~L. r::crn::::Tt.L ('~ co::s:::r.:•:::::Tr:L !JA::AGC:S.
PAGE [-2c,
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
• 1 1 -----.. '•
101-12
froc ·_;,·;r Systc~s,
Ind"~ t r i :i l ': :: c i e ~ e : : o ~it or ins 1: it h A \'aria bl e
Selectivity ?hotoionizction ~naly=er.
J.r. rriscoll a~d J.E. 5ecl:er,
f.r.,erican Laborztor)', :'ove,:iber 107C..
!i1$tru~c~tiltion for "1Jn Site" Survey anC. IC.cntificatie;:1
of :-::izarC:o·Js :.·aste.
J.,:. rriscoll and G.:'. He1·:itt,
I n d ~ s t r i a l P. y s i er. e :·: a 1: s , : : a y l ~-~ 2
ln~trur.,ent C~li~rctio~ ~ich Toxic and Hazardous
:-iaterials.
J.I!, T,ed:er, J.:1 • Dr:lscoll, D, ::cnaud, P, Tiffa~y,
C. Sylvia,
Indu3tricl '.!y~iene Uews, July 19:~.
PAGr: ~-27
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
g
I
I
I
s:CTIS:·: ; cone.
::; /. -..
s.s
L.\::ro s rz: c:.;A:,c:
If different ap?licntions for the 3nalyzer would require
different size la~~s, separate probes, !ech with its 0,1n eV
lar?, ~~st be used. ~ single reado~t asser~ly ~ill serve for
any of c~e orates, A change in pro~e will require resetcin~ of
the ?.ere control and the span pot. Calibration should be
checked to verify proper operation,
PI:OB:: DISASSi:::,DLY / ASS::::SLY
Turn the function s~itch on the control
pnnel to the off position before
~isnsse~bly, Otherwise hig~ volta~e of !2~'
V DC will be present,
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
SF:CTrr.:·:
Disconnect the probe cn~le connector 3t the rca~ouc assc'.".i:ly. 9i:~sscr.:!:1 c the ~rote h? fir!St rcrovin~ t!·.e e:..:~aust scr~~ at the b3~e of the pr~~c adjacent to the ~=n~lc (see l~i9ure 5-!). GrJS? th~ en~ c~11 in one ~~~d anr' the probe shell in th<? ocl,~r. ~cr.tl)' pull to s<?~arate c:1e end cap and the l.;::i? ha L: sin; fr or. t !': c s I! ell.
11 olc the lanp housin'.: 1·ith the blac:k end ca~ upri~'.it, Loosen the scrc~s on the top of th<? en~ cap, separnce the end cap and io~ c~a~~er fro~ the lacp and l~~p housinc.
CAl':IO~'.
C~r~ nust be ta':cn so that the io~ c~3~~cr does not fall out of the end cap or the lirht source does not fnll out of the lanr housins.
Turn t!ic end c3~ over in the hand, Tap lightly on the to~. ion ch~nber should fall out of the end cap into the hand.
?lace one hen~ over th~ top of the lanr housine en~ tilt sli~htly. The li2~t source will slide out of the housing,
The a::i:lifier bo:rd can be renoved fron the laop source housinc assenbly (see Fi~ure 5-2) by unsna?pinR the coa~ial connector, Jl, an~ then re~ovinr the retainin; screw. The an~lifier board 1:ill then slide out of the housing assenbly,
P.ea:;ser.,blc the probe by first slidi11g the laop bee!: into the lanp 'iou~in~. Placa the ion chanber on top of the lanp housinb, r.ial:in::; surc that thc ccnt:?cts are properly aligned, The ion chacter fits only one way.
If the ion chamber is to bc rcplaced always use one identical to the one being reooved. Chcck the aperture (small: 3.0 nc; large: 6.C cc) at the top of the ion chnmber and oaterials of construction (:old-plated or Teflon) to ensure proper replaceoent. See Parts List, Section 7.
Place the end cap on top of the ion chanber and re~lace the two screws. Tighten the screws only enough to seal the 0-ring.
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
MOUNTING SCR
WITH STAR EWS
WASHER
O-RING
ION REAR)
CONNECTOR
KEYWAY
FIGURE 5·1
PROBE ASSEMBLY
12 P1N
CONNECTOR
~RING
CABLE
Page 5
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
COAXIAL
CONNECTOR
'
AMPLIFIER
BOARD-
GAS
PASSAGE
FIGUR! 5-2
LAMP HOUSING ASS!MBLV Page 5-7
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
?~o~: DISASS'.:,'.S'-.:'/ASS:C'.:3LY cont.
Do not over-tighten these !crc,:s.
Lir.e u~ the rins (pogo contact~) on the base of the lanp
housin3 with the pins inside the probe shell. Gently slide the
housin3 assecbly ir.to the probe shell.
The end cap should neet the probe shell evenly ofter final"
ossemhly. If not, the ion ch~mber may be installed ~ronn.
DO !'.OT FO".CE the asse~1bly into the shell.
It fits only one way.
If it does not reassemble readily, remove and chcc!: pin
alignment. Check to ensure pogo contacts arc not bent,
Refasten the exhaust screw at the base of the probe.
Ali3n the 12 pin probe connec:or to the readout assembly
and reconnect with a twistin3 motion until a clicl: occurs.
Chee!: to ensure the high volta£e nicroswitch is ?roperly
depressed. The lamp should li3ht if the function switch is
turned to any position except STA~DEY.
5,6 r.EADOUT DlSASSE!l!lLY/ASSEMnJ.Y
Turn the function switch on the control
panel to the OFF position before
disassembly, Otherwise, high voltare of
1200 V DC will be present.
Disconnect the probe cable connection. Re~ove recorder
jacks and cable or the plastic plug cap. Loosen the screw on
the botton of the case and, holdin~ the instrument by the bezel,
remove the case (see Figure 5-3),
a, The control assembly consistinr, of the Printed Circuit
Board (PCB) and control panel can be separated fron the
readout assenbly by the follovinr steps:
I:
Ii I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
•1
I
I
I
I
I
I
11
I ' I
I
BATTERY
CHARGER JACK
~
BATTERY
BRACKET '
MOUNTING SCREWS I')
FOR POWER SUPPLY BOARD
BATTERY
BEZEL
ACCESSORY
POWER JACK
(NOT ACCESSIBLE)
MOUNTING BRACKET
FOR PC>WER SUPP\. Y
CONTROL
ASSEMBLY
FIGURE 5•31
READOUT ASSEMBLY
2A
I "'
I rr-
l,_ I\ I.I
......... IJ.,., ~
ATTACHMENT
NUTS (2) FOR
CONTROL ASSEMBLY
Page 5-9
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
S EC T IO:: 5 • ,5 , ~ E: ,\ DO l T r I 5 ..\ S S S: : : LY /,'. S S E: : :; LY c o n c •
l ). Seo a race ch e i·: o 1 e :: co r., e cc ors i n ch e cab 1 es co ch e control as~e~bly.
2) Pe=ove t~e two atcac~cent nuts et the base of the a s s e .-, b l y •
3) 2ecove t~e two screws et the cop of the power supply board ~olding it co the assecbly brac!:ecs.
L) Co:::;,ress "the br;:ici:ets a,~ sl::.je the, assec~ly thru the bezel. ;ecove a third screw ot the lower corner of the bo~rd, if necessary.
b, The optional alarc assecbly c~~ be separated as follows
1) Disconnect the ca~le (?f/Jf of Fi~ure 4-5)
:) ~:er:,ove the t,:o !:cre,:s holdin, the al&rrn assel:'.bly to the batterr bracket
r.ea~ser:-.bly is accocplisl1ed by reversin~ t'.1:! above procedure.
KOTE: Be sure the function s~itch on the control panel is in the O?f position before insertinr the control ~odule into the case. If not, the fuse can be blown or d~car,e can result.
I
I
I-' .1 r::rccnt·c,rc::
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
ihe initial ~tep of a~y trouh.lcshootin; is a t~o,oc~h
visual i~:7~ction to look for po~sible loose or open
connections, sh~rts, dust or other o~vious conditions.
Jetailec troutlcshootini for fault location enrt correction
is accon~lished by steps outlined in the follo~in~:
Troubleshooting Dat~
Pad Data, Power Su,ply PCB
?ad Location, Power Supply PCr
Pin Data, Acplifier PCB, P:/J:
?in Data, Probe Catle, F!/J~
Pin Data, Alarn Cable, Prl/J:
Ta:ile '-!
Table : :
Fi~ure C·-1
Tabl-:i :-3
·: '1 b l e Ci -I·
Tct-le r,_:,
Disas~cn~ly and reassenbly as ~ay t-e re~uired for ci1ccl:ing
the ccui~~cnt or re?lacins parts are described in Chnpter 0.
Turn the function switch on the control
panel to the OFF position before
disasse~bly. Other,:ise hi;h volta;e of 1~~,
V re will be present,
Do not observe the lisht source closer than e inches uith unprotected eyes. Vhen
necessary, observe only briefly. Continued
e~posure to ultraviolet ener~y generated by
the liaht source can be harnful to eyesight,
\! AR:HNG
Use great care vhen operctin~ the analyzer
with the readout assembly outside its case
dua to the presence of 1200 V DC.
If, after folloving the steps cit~d in this section, the
analyzer is not functionins properly, contact the HSU Service
Dept. for assistance. (Phone: (617) ~5t-~~~").
PAGE r_ 1
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Carr~ctive iccioc ---------------------------------------------------------------------
1, etcr 1nc1cat~S
low br.tt-?ry
2. Low battery
~. l!V lar:ip not o:•
a • !: !. o \-.' n f L! s e
( ~: u s e i: ' , :: _; ,
5-:)
~. Bad co~nections
c. !:rol:en □eter
□ovcrent
c!. Battery dead
e, Battery char~e low
a. Po1-1er SU?Pl)•
defective
a. Hirh Voltage
interlock (Hiero-
switeh S2) at probe
cable connector on readout asser:ibly
not operating
b, High voltage
supply out or
!culty
PAG'.:
l) Ch:ec 1: fci5e.
f o r e ,. i r. c r. c e
t: iring , t '.i. e :i
! f ~ l O \·.' ;'. , C ·~ ~: :.
of shorts i:-.
replace fuse.
!) Check wirinc connec-
tio~s. ~csolder poor or bad connections.
1) Tip instru~ent ra?idly froc, side to side, ·.:ecer
needle should rove frc~l•, ant return to zero, If· fault~, rcpl~cc vith nc1: r:1eter,
!) Disconnect battery nnd cheek with volt-ohr:1rcter,
i'.eplace if dead.
I) rcel1arse battery, chccl: r:ieter uith function switch in 3ATT position to en~ure the chzrrer is O?Cratin 6 properly (see Table 2-1,
3:\. TT)
l) Check power supply
volta;es (see Table '-~ and Finure ~-1). If in error, replace power
supply asscr:ibly.
I.) Cl:ec!: ~Y :::;:plyin~ rrcssure to switch pluncer with
cable in place. Adjust the screw on side of cable
connector, if required,
to increase throw of switcl: plun:;er,
!) Cheek high volteze out,ut
on power supply board (pad 22), I! voltage not correct, (see Table 6-2)
replace power supply
board.
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
cont.
4, Fan not running
5, Heter does not
respond
c. Lan7) not ~a!~in:;
~rcp~r con~cction
l!ith ~i~h volt~qc
contacts.
d. Lacp fBul ty
e. Short in hi,h
voltage line~
a. Fan stucl:
b. Fan connections
fnulty
c. Loi: or dead
t>attery
d. Fan volte~e not
correct
a. Dirty or Ol)en
probe connection
b. Brol:cn cieter
c. Dirty or open
connections to oeter
1) '!e70ve la~p, clean enc
ti~i,cen contacts,
reinstall larop.
l ) Che c :: 1: iring fro n po,, er
sur,ly board to rroG~
ca~le connector (J: pin r)
to VV lamp contacts (~!).
Renove any shorts,
l) Vi!ai:sero~le probe' and
clean passages and fan by
blowin~ out dust. To
re □ovc lcrner particles
use cotton s~ab, C-tin or
cq,1cl. ~cc c~rc to n~t
C~~=~! i~~cllor rotor or
blnde~. ~or dioaosenbly
seo 5action ~.3.
1) Checi: for wirinc
connections at fan ~otor
and at ~robe cable
connector (J: pir.s A and
C). r.e~air as required.
1) Cl1eck battery output
(pover supnl! ~oard,
pad 0). ~echar~e or
reolace bnttery as
rec;uired,
1) Chect fan voltare (po1:er
supply boerd pads !9 and
~l, probe cable ~ins~ an:
C), If r.ot correct,
replace po,:or supply
board.
2) If fan volta~es correct
replace fon.
1 ) Clean anc! tichten or
resolder connections
probe,
1) See 1-c-l above.
1) Clean and tiG~ten
connections at □eter.
in
d, Lov or dead battery 1) See 4-c-l ebove.
e. Blown fuse !) See 1-a-! c~ove.
PAGE 6-3
r r ---' -0, ---------r~, Qrtstl'lct of (or pottt,ttel fOf') IWIIIUIICH 111 111' wllfCII dO IIOC t11c1, I .... ,.,. .. OIi tlle 1111\l'lalflt UIN, -• TIit potttl'111 fol' llttllel' COftCtfl\l'U 10l'II 111 tlle •1111t , ltllOIPllert 01' 111 tlle 111' tdJICtllt to •~Hie Sitt opern 10111, <I, TIit COllt1nuoua Ult of t1l'•OUl'1fy1119 l'H01rttol'I (Ltvel C) 11u1t lie tiut4 on tllt 1dtnt1'1ce•t10fl of tlle 1u111unc11 cont 1'1 but 1 "' to Utt tote 1 YIPof' 01' ... COIICtlltl'lt 1 OIi lllcl tllt 10011cet1on of PUll11111td crtttr1e for tllt l"Ollttnt ult of 11r.pur1fyi11t <ltY1CH, U11fcte11C1'1N .01tllt COIICtll• tr1t10111 of or91111c YIPOl't Of', •••• 111 111' IPOl'NCllt119 01' ucttctln9 I , .. PPII '"°'' IIICllll'OMINI rtqu1rt, H I ■1111. 111111. L•••1 I proctettOII. Ltvt1~ Prottct10fl 1, P1r1o,1111l procecttvt equtpeent • Cov1r11l I • ;10,11• • lotU/IIIOel, lt1tll1r Of' ,,._1Cl1•1'tt,11Ulll1 9"11 tN 1114 11111111 • S,ttty 9111111 or clla1ct1 1pl11h totlt1tt• • 1· ,. • HIN Mt (ftct 1h1t1d)• ._ 2, Cr1tt1'11 for ttltctlCIII Meeting 1111 of tlltlt cr1ttf'1t .,, ... Ult of L1¥e1 D Pf'tttctlOfl: • No c0ftt•111111\1 ll't Pl'tltllt. • lfOl'k fu11Ct1CIIII preclude 1pl1111t1, 1•tl'11CIII, Of' po&1nt11l for UIIUPKtN tnlll11\10ft of 1111 C'-1Clh, Lt¥t1 D prottct1• 11 p,1.,11, I ..,.ll Uft1fora. It ctn Ill WOl'ft 11111 Ill ll'tll wllll't Ull't 11 IIO potl111111ty of contact w1ta •U.1M'10II.
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
CO'.".':,
, · :-: e t ! r C CC : n O t
return t~ zero . (' -,. .. ~ ..... l:, .. ! .... ',: I
, . ~!ctcr r€eclit:s,
hi:;h or 101:
a. :rc1:e~ ~cter 1) See :-c-: abo·:c. ::::cvc~.'.er:t
b, 1irtr or O?Cn l) Sec ~-c-! a~occ, co~~~ctions to ~~tcr
c. !'irtr or open
connections in probe
d, Z~ro adjust faulty
e. A~plifier f3u!ty
f. Ion cha~ber shorted
a. Ir.correct
calibration
t. Lc?::p dirty
C • Contal:!ination in
ion chor.iber.
d. Power supply board
faulty
e. Dirty or loose
connections
1) ••~ •-·-1 ·bo • .. .J---... -,.. v,..
1) Rot~tc zero adjust pot ( -· " 1) (""~ -. !CC t'lf.• --t.)-., ."lr", L,C), Chee'.: pot ou.::;,c:t.at
~eter prohe conr.ector (J~ pir.s ;-, anc L), If volt~;e docs not vary, rcpl~cc zero adjust pot.
1) ~otate zero adjust pot. Chee!: anplificr output
at ,robe connector (J3 pir. H) or ob~erve r.ietcr. If volta~e level on ~cter does not respond, replace a~plifier boarC:
1) Clean ion chacber.
(see Section 5,2). ~cc~eck !or return to zero in STA!'L'EY.
1) replace ion cha~ber.
1) r.ecali~ratc (sec ~~ctio~ :: ) .
1) Clean lanp (see Section . -) -. ~
l) Clean ion chanber.
(see Section s.i)
1) Check po~er supply board outputs (pads 17, 20 an~ 22 (Table 0-~). If volta;es not correct, replece
power supply board.
1) Clean or tighten
connections at amplifier board, probe cable, and l!leter.
PAGE ·i-i.
I
I
I
I
I
I APPENDIX IV
I LEVELS OF PROTECTION
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
LEVELS OF PROTECTION
Personnel must wear protective equipment when response activities involve known or suspected dtmosphei-ic contamination, when vdpors, gases, or particulates may be generated by site activities, or when dlrect contact with skin-affecting sL,bstances may occur. Full face-plece respirators protect lungs, gastrointestinal tract, and eyes against airborne toxicants. Chemical-resistdnt clothing protects the skin from contact with skin-destructive and absorbable chemicdls. Good personal hygiene limits or prevents ingestion of material,
Equipment to protect the body against contact with known or antici-pated toxic chemicals has been divided into four categories according to the degree of protection afforded:
-Level A: Should be worn when the highest level of respiratory, sk1n, and eye protection is needed,
-Level 8: Should be worn when the highest level of respiratory protect1on is needed, but a lesst!r level of skin protection.
-Level C: Should be worn when the criteria for using air-purifying respirators are met.
-Level D: Should be worn only as a work uniform and not on any site with respiratory or skin hazards. It provides no protection against chemical hazards.
The Level of Protection selected should be based on:
Type and measured concentration of the chemical substdnce in the ambient atmosphere and its toxicity.
Potential for exposure to substances in air, splashes of liquids, or other direct contact with material due to work being done.
In situations where the type of chemical,, concentration, and possibfl ities of contact are not known, the appropriate Level of Protection must be selected based on professional experience dnd judgment until the hazards can be better identified.
While personnel protective equipment reduces the potential for contdct with toxic substances, ensuring the health and safety of responders requtres, in addition, safe work practices, decontamination, site entry protocols, and other safety procedures. Together, these provide an integrated approach for reducing hdrm to workers.
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
II, LEVELS OF PROTECTION
A. Level A Protection
1, Personnel protective equipment
• Supplied-air respirator approved by the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) and National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Respirators may be:
pressure-demand, sel f-contain,!d breathing apparatus (SCBA)
or
pressure-demand, airline respirator (with escape bottle for In,nediately Dangerous to L'lfe and Health ( IDLH) or potential for IDLH atmosphere)
• Fully encapsulating chemical-resistant suit
-Coveralls•
• Long cotton underwear•
-Gloves (inner), chemical-resistant
Boots, chemical-resistant, steel toe and shank. on suit construction, worn over or under
• Hard hat• (under suit)
(Depending
suit boot)
• Disposable gloves and boot covers• (Worn over fully encap-sulating suit)
-Cooling unit*
-2-Way radio comnunications• (1nhereintly safe)
2. Criteria for selection
*Optional
Metting any of these criteria warrants use of Level A Protection:
• The chemical substance has been ieent1fied and requires the highest level of protection for sk1n, eyes, and the r,sp1ratory system based on:
--measured (or potential for) high concentration of
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
, I
I
I
I
from extrem~ly high air concentrations, splashes, or irrrner11on of boots or gloves in concentrated liquids or sludges. These limitations should be recognized when specifying the type of fully encapsulating suit, ~henever possible, the suit material should be matched ~ith the substance it is used to protect against,
B. Level B Protection
1. Personnel protective equipme•nt
-Supplied-air respirator (MSHA/NIOSH approved), Respirators may be:
--pressure-demand, self-contained breathing apparatus
or
--pressure-demand, airline respirator (with escape bottle for IDLH or potential ror IDLH atmosphere)
-Chemical-resistant clothing (overalls and long.sleeved Jacket; hooded, one or two-piece chemical-splash suit; disposable chemical-resistant, one-piece suits)
-Long-cotton underwear•
Coveralls• -
-Gloves (outer), chemlcal-rns1stant
• Gloves (Inner), chemical-resistant
-Boots (outer). chemlcal-resl st ant, steel toe and shank
-Boot covers (outer), chemical-resistant (disposable)•
• Hard hat (face shield)*
-2-Way radio C0ffmunlcations• (lntrinslcal ly safe)
2, Criteria for selection
*Opt I on• 1
Meetln9 any ont of these criteria warrants use of Level 8 protection:
• Tht type 1nd atmospheric concentration of toxic substances has been 1dtntified tnd requires I high ltvtl of respira-tory protection, but ltss skin protection than J.tvtl A, Thtst would bt 1tmosph1r1s:
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
with concentrations !11'111edidtely Dangerous to Life and Health, but substance or concentration in the air does not represent a severe skin hazard
or
that do not meet the selection criteria permitting the use of air-purifying respirators.
The atmosphe~e contains less than 19.51 oxygen.
It is highly unlikely that the work being done will generate high concentrations of vapors, gases or particulates, or splashes of material that will affect the skin of personnel wearing Level 8 protection.
• Atmospheric concentrations of unidentified vapors or gases are indicated by direct readings on instruments such as the F!D or P·ro or similar instruments, but vapors and gases are not suspected of containing high levels of chemicals toxic to skin. (See Appendixes I and II.)
3. Guidance on selection
a. Level B does not afford the maximum ski11· (and eye) pro-tection as does a fully encapsulating suit since the chemical-resistant clothing is not considered gas, vapor,. or particulate tight. However, a good quality, hooded, chemical-resistant, one-piece garment, with taped wrist, ankles, and hood does provides a reasonable degree of protection against splashes and to lower concentrations in air. At most abandoned hazardous waste sites, ambient atmospheric gas·or vapor levels have not approached concen-trations sufficiently high to warrant Level A protection. In all but a few circumstances (where highly toxic mater-ials are suspected) Level B should provide the protection needed for in it fa 1 entry. Subsequent operations at a s tte require a reevaluation of Level B protection based on the probability of being splashed by chemicals, their effect on the skin, the presence of hard-to-det11ct air contaim-inants, or the generation of highly toxic: gases, vapors, or particulates, due to the work being done.
b. The che1111cal-resistant clothing required in Level B is available in a wide variety of styles, materials, construc-tion det1il, and permeability. One or two-piece garments are avatlable with or without hoods. Disposal suits with a variety of fabrics and design characteristics are also available. Taping joints between the gl,)ves, boots and suit, and between hood and respirator rt!duces the pos-sibl ity for splash and vapor or gas pen11tration. These
•
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
atmospheric vapors, gases, or particulates
or
site operat1ons and work functions involves high potential for splash, irrrnersion, or exposure to un-expected vapors, gases, or particulates of materials highly toxic to the skin.
• Substances with a high ,jegree of hazard to the skin are known or suspected to be present, and skin contact is possible,
-Operations must bt conducted in confined, poorly venti-lated areas until tht ~bstnct of substances requiring Level A protection is dtttnnintd,
• Direct readings on field Flamt Ionization Oectors {FID) or Photoionization Detectors (PIO) and similar instruments indicate high ltvtls of (1nidtnt1fitd vapors and gases in tht air, (Set Appendixes I and 11,)
3. Guidance on selection
a. Fu11y encapsu1at1ng su1ts art pr1mar11y dts1gntd to prov1dt • gu or v1por t1gllt barr1tr bttwttn tht wurtr and atmosplltr1c contaminants. Thtrtfort Ltvtl A 1s gen-erally worn when 111911 conctntrat1ons of airborne )Ub• stances art kn°"" or thougllt to bt present and thise substances could stvtrt1y tfftct the sk1n, S1nc, Level A requ1rts the use of a stlf-conta1ntd breathing apparatus, the eyes and respiratory system art also more protected,
Unt11 a1r surve111ance daU art av111ab1t to assist 1n the selection of tht appropr1att Level of Protection, the use of Level A may have to bt based on 1nd1rect evidence of the potent 111 for atmospller·1 c contam1 nat 1 on or other means of sk 1 n contact w1tll sevc1rt sk 1 n a fftct 1 ng substances.
Cond1t1ons that may rtquir·t Ltvtl A protection include:
• Confined spaces: Enclosed, confined, or poorly vent11ated areas art conduc1vt to build up of toxic vapors, gases, or part1culates, (£xplos1vt 01· oxygen-dtf1c1ent atmospheres also art more probable in conf1ntd spaces,) Confined space entry dots not automatically warrant wearing Level A pro-tection, but should serve as a cut to carefully consider and to Justify a lower Ltvtl of Protect1on,
• Suspected/known highly tox1c substances: Ve.rious sub-stances that art highly toxic 1sp1c1ally through sk1n
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
dbsorption for exdmple, fuming corrosives, cyanide com-pounds, concentrdted pesticides, Department of Tran-sportation Poison "A" materials, suspected carcinogens, and infectious substances may be known or suspected to be involved. Field instruments may not oe available to detect or quantify air concentrations of these materials. Until these substdnces are Identified and concentrations measured, maximum protection may be necessary.
Visible emissions: Visible air emissions from leaking containers or rdilroad/vehicular tank cars, as well as smoke from chemical fires and others, indicate high potential for concentrations of substanceis that could be extreme respiratory or skin hazards.
• Job functic11·;: Initial site entries are generally walk-throughs in which instruments and visual observations are used to make a prel iminuy evaluation of the hazards. In initial site entries, Level A should be worn when:
there ', a probabi 1 ity for exposur,~ to high con-centrat .,~ of vapors, gases, or parti,:ulates.
substances are known or suspected of being extremely toxic directly to the skin or by •:>eing absorbed,
Subsequent entries are to conduct the many activities needed to reduce the environmental impact of the incident. Levels of Protection for later operations are based not only on data obtained from the initial and subsequent environmental moni-toring, but also on the probability of contamination and ease of decontamination.
Examples of situations where Level A has t,een worn are:
Excavating of soil to sample buried drums suspected of containing high concentrations of dioxin.
Entering a cloud of chlorine to repair a value broken in a railroad accident.
Hand] ing and moving drums known to contain ole1111.
Responding to accidents involving cyanide, arsenic, and un-diluted pesticides.
b. The fully encapsula.ting suit provides the highest degree of protection t_o skin, eyes, and respiratory system if the suit material resists chemicals during the time the suit is worn. While Level A provides maximum protection, all suit material may be rapidly permeated and degraded by certain chemicals
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
• Gloves (inner), chemical-resistant•
-Boots (outer), chemical-resistant, steel toe and shank
• Boot covers (outer), chemical-resistant (disposable)•
• Hard hat (face shield*)
• Escape mask*
• 2-Wdy radio cornuntcations• (inherently safe)
2. Criteria for selection
Meeting all of these criteria permits use of Level C protec-tion:
• Oxygen concentrations are not less than 19.SS by volume •
• Measured air concentrations of id,ent1fled substances will be reduced by the respirator below the substance's thres-hold 1 lm1t value (TLV) and the concentration is within the seri1ce limit of the canister.
• Atmospheric contaminant concentrations do not exceed IDLH levels,
Atmospheric contaminants, 11quld s1>lashu, or other. d1 rect contact wl 11 not adversely affect any body area left unprotected by chemical-resistant clothing,
• Job functions do not require self-contained breathing apparatus,
• 01 rect rHd1 ngs are a few ppms aliove background on in-struments such as the FID or PIO, (Set Appendices I and II•)
3, Guidance on s-electlon
•Opt i on11
a. Level C protection 1s dfstlngulsh11d from Level B by, the equipment used to protect the respiratory system, ass1111lng the same type of chlffllc11-rtsistant clothin9 is used. Tht m1ln selection criterion for Level C 1s th1t conditions permit wearing alr-purffyln9 respirators.
. _The air-purifying device must be ,1 full-face respirator (MSHA/NIOSH approved) equipped wit~ 1 c1nlst1r suspended from the chin or on I harness, C1r1hters must be 1blt to '
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
factors and other selectfo,, criteri" all affect the ,egree of protection afforded, Therefore, a specialist should select the most effective chemical-resistant clothing based on the known or anticipated hazards 3nd job function.
Level 8 equipment does provides a high level of prJtect ion to the respiratory tract. Generally, if a self-contained breathing apparatus is required for respiratory protection, select1n9 chemical-resistant clothing (Level B) rather than a fully encapsulating suit (Level A) is based on needing less protection against kr,0W11 or anticipated substances affecting the skin, Level B skin protection is selected by:
-Comparing the concentrations of known or identified substances in air with skin toxicity data.
-Determining the presence of substances that are destruc-tive to or readily absorbed through the skin by liquid splashes, unexpected high levels of gases, vapor, or particulates, or other means of direct contact.
-Assessing the effect of the substance (at its measured air concentrations or potential for splashing) on the small areas left unprotected by chemical-resistant clothing. A hooded garrnent taped to the mask, and boots and gloves taped to the suit further reduces ar~a of exposure.
c. For initial site entry and reconnaissance at an open site, approaching whenever possibh from upwind, Level B protec-t ion (with good quality, hooded, chemical-resistant cloth-ing) should protect response personnel, providing the conditions described in selecting Level A are known or judged to be absent.
C. Level C Protection
1. Personnel protective equipment
-Air-purifying respirator, full-face, canister-equipped (MSHA/NIOSH approved)
-Chemical-resistant clothing (coveralls; hooded, one-piece or two-piece chemical splash suit; chemical-resistant hood and apron; disposable chemical .. resistant coveralls)
-Coveralls•
-Long cotton underwear•
-Gloves (outer), chemical-resistant
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
, I
0
I
I
D
*Opt i ona 1
remove the substances encountered. Quarter-or half-masks or cheekcartridge, ful 1-face masks should be used only with the approval of a qual Hied individual,
In add it ion, a ful 1-face, air-purifying mask can be used only if:
Substance has adequate warning properties.
Individual passes a qualitative fit-test for the mask.
-Appropriate cartridge/canister is used, and its service limit concentration is not exceeded,
b. An air surveillance program Is part of all response opera-tions when atmospheric contdminatlon Is known or suspected. It is particularly Important that the air be thoroughly monitored when personnel am wearing a1r-pur1 fying respira-tors. Periodic surveillance using direct-reading instru-ments and air sampling 1s needed to detect any changes In a'lr quality necessitating ,1 higher level of respiratory protection.
c. Level C protection with a l'ull-face, a1r-pur1fylng respi-rator should be worn routinely in an atmosphere only after the type of air contaminant is Identified, concentrations measured and the criteria for wearing a1r-purffying respi-rator met, To permit flexibfllty In precr1blng a Level:of Protection at certain environmental incidents, a special 1st could consider using air-purifying respirators in uniden-tified vapor/gas concentratlc,ns of a few parts per million above background as Indicated by a needle deflection on the FID or PID. However a needle deflection of a few parts per million above background should not be the sole criterion for selecting Level C. Since the Individual components may never be completely identifi,!d, a decision on continuous wearing of Level C must be ma1de after assessing all safety considerations, including:
• The presence of (or potential for) organic or inorganic vapors/gases against which a canister Is Ineffective or has a short service life. •
• The known ( or suspected) presence in a Ir of substances with low TLVs or IDLH levels,
-The presence of partlculate1 In air,
• The errors associated with both the Instruments and monitoring_ procedures used.
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
II
II
I
I
The presence of (or poteni:1al for) substances 1n air which do not el 1c1t a l"esponse on the instrument used,
The potential for higher concentrations 1n the ambient atmosphere or 1n the air adjacent to specific site ope rat 1 ons.
d. The continuous use of air-purifying respirators (Level C) must be based on the 1 dent 11'1 cat 1 on of the substances contributing to the total vapor or gas concentration and the application of published criteria for the routine use of air-purifying devices, Unidentified ambient concen-trations of organic vapors or gases in air approaching or uceedlng a few ppm above background rtqulrt, as a mini-mum, Level B protection,
o. Level D Protection
1. Personnel protective equipment
• Coveralls
• Gloves•
• Boots/shou, luther or chem1cal-ru1stant, stul toe and shank
Safety glasses or chemical splasn goggles•
• Hard hat (face shield)*
2. Criteria for selection
Meeting any of thest criteria allows use of Level D protection:
• No contaminants are present,
• Work functions preclude sphshes 11 lnmersion, or potential for unexpected Inhalation of any chlftlicals,
Level D protection Is primarily • _,ork unlfol'ffl, It can be worn only in areas where there 1s no poss1bl11ty of contact w1th contamination,