NCD003200383_19900301_Koppers Co. Inc._FBRCERCLA FS_Health and Safety Plan for Remedial Investigation and Feasibility Study-OCR

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HEALTH AND SAFE'IY PLAN
FOR
REMEDIAL INVESTIGATION AND
FEASIBILI'IY STUDY
AT
BEAZER MATERIALS AND SERVICES, INC.
MORRISVILLE, N.C SITE
Prepared for:
BEAZER MATERIALS AND SERVICES, INC.
PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA
Prepared by:
KEYSTONE ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES, INC.
3000 TECH CENTER DRIVE
MONROEVILLE, PENNSYLVANIA 15146
PROJECT NO. 179225-02
MARCH 1990
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The Remedial Investigation and Feasibility Study (RI/FS) Health and Safety Plan
has been prepared for Beazer Materials & Services, Inc. (BM&S), Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania for the former Koppers Company, Inc. wood treating and laminating
facility located in Morrisville, North Carolina. The Work Plan has been prepared by
Keystone Environmental Resources, Inc., Monroeville, Pennsylvania (Keystone).
The Morrisville site was proposed for listing on the National Priority List (NPL) in
June 1988. Beazer Materials & Services, Inc. entered into discussions concerning a
Consent Order with EPA Region IV in December, 1988 and signed the Consent
Order on March 14, 1989.
The Morrisville site was operated by Koppers Company from 1962 to 1986 at which
time the business was sold to Unit Structures, Inc., who currently operate the facility.
On June 16, 1988, BNS, Inc., (BNS), a Delaware Corporation, acquired 90% of the
stock of Koppers Company, Inc. BNS is a wholly owned, indirect subsidiary of
Beazer PLC. On January 26, 1989, the name of Koppers Company, Inc. was changed
to Beazer Materials & Services, Inc. (BM&S). BM&S has retained ownership of a
portion of the site.
The environmental conditions of the site are the result of the operation of a Cellon
Treating Process in which pentachlorophenol was used to treat lumber. Wastewater
from the Cellon Process was treated in effluent lagoons before discharge to a surface
water pond, and ultimately off-site. The Cellon Process was operated from 1968 to
1975 at which time it was dismantled. Remediation of the effluent lagoons was
conducted shortly thereafter.
Environmental investigations concerning the impact of the Cellon Process revealed
that residual contamination remained in the lagoon area. Removal of soils was
undertaken during 1980 and 1986. Environmental investigations continued during
this time period.
The RI/FS Health and Safety Plan presented herewith has been prepared in
accordance with U.S. Department of Labor Occupational Safety and Health
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Administration regulations set forth in Title 29, Code of Federal Regulations, Part
1910.120, Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................ .iv
1.0 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................. 1-1
1.1 Site location ................................................................................................. 1-1
1.2 Site Plan ....................................................................................................... 1-2
1.3 Site History .................................................................................................. 1-2
1.4 Interim Corrective Measures ................................................................... 1-4
2.0 RESPONSIBILI1Y ................................................................................................ 2-1
2.1 Assignment of Responsibilities ................................................................ 2-1
2.1.1 General ............................................................................................ 2-1
2.1.2 Project Manager ............................................................................ 2-1
2.1.3 Site Health and Safety Officer ..................................................... 2-1
2.1.4 On-Site Supervisor ........................................................................ 2-1
2.1.5 Field Sampling Personnel ............................................................. 2-2
3-0 HAZARD ANA YL YSIS ...................................................................................... 3-1
3.1 Chemical Hazards ...................................................................................... 3-1
3.2 Physical Hazards ........................................................................................ 3-5
3.2.1 Drilling Activities ........................................................................... 3-5
3.2.2 Heat Stress ...................................................................................... 3-6
3.3 ~ ro~:r11tio··· ................................................................................... 3-9
3.3.2 Organic Compounds ................................................................... 3-10
4.0 TRAINING .............................................................................................................. 4-1
5.0 MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE PROGRAM ....................................................... 5-1
5.1 Purpose ........................................................................................................ 5-1
5.2 Protocol ....................................................................................................... 5-1
6.0 DECONTAMINATION ......................................................................................... 6-1
6.1 Purpose ........................................................................................................ 6-1
6.2 Equipment ................................................................................................... 6-1
6.3 Personnel and Protective Equipment ..................................................... 6-1
7.0 HEAL fl AND SAFE'IY PROCEDURES ......................................................... 7-1
7.1 General ........................................................................................................ 7-1
7.2 Personnel Protective Equipment.. ........................................................... 7-2
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
7.3 Page
Health and Safety Plan -General Population ........................................ 7-3
7.3.1 Limiting Interactions ..................................................................... 7-4
7.3.2 Perimeter Action Levels ............................................................... 7-4
8.0 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES .......................................................................... 8-1
8.1 Responsibility .............................................................................................. 8-1
8.2 General Injury ............................................................................................. 8-1
8.3 First Aid ....................................................................................................... 8-1
8.3.1 General.. .......................................................................................... 8-1
8.3.2 Specific Treatments ....................................................................... 8-2
8.4 Occupational Injuries and Illnesses ......................................................... 8-2
8.5 Fire ............................................................................................................... 8-2
8.6 Emergency Site Evacuation Procedures ................................................. 8-3
8.6.1 Evacuation Plan ............................................................................. 8-3
8. 7 Communications ......................................................................................... 8-3
APPENDICES
APPENDIX A
APPENDIX B
APPENDIX C
APPENDIX D
APPENDIX E
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS/HEAL TH DATA
DECONTAMINATION PROCEDURES
OPERATION AND FIELD MANUAL FOR THE HNU PID
LEVELS OF PROTECTION
HEALTH AND SAFETY FORMS
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3-1
3-2
7-1
7-2
7-3
7-4
8-1
1-1
UST OF TABLES
Page
Threshold Limit Values ....................................................................................... 3-4a
Air Quality Monitoring Program Summary ...................................................... 3-Sa
Personnel Protective Equipment for
~~~~~\~:~m~~~~~~~.~~.:.~~~.~~~.~.~~.~ ..................................... 7-2a
Personal Protective Equipment for Off-Site Monitoring
Well Installation & Other Locations ................................................................. 7-2b
Personnel Protective Equipment for Soil Sampling,
Groundwater Sampling, and Permeability Testing On-Site ........................... 7-2c
Personnel Protective Equipment for Surface Water
and Sediment Sampling ....................................................................................... 7-2d
Emergency Information ....................................................................................... 8-la
UST OF FIGURES
Location Map ........................................................................................................ 1-la
1-2 General Site Map ................................................................................................. 1-lb
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1.0 INTRODUCTION
This Health and Safety Plan is intended to provide guidance for personnel working on site
during the Remedial Investigation and Feasibility Study (RI/FS) at the Beazer Materials and
Services, Inc., Morrisville, North Carolina Site and other personnel or public in close
proximity to the site investigation activities. This plan has been developed to minimize, to
the extent possible, the risk of injury or illness as a consequence of activities undertaken at
this site.
A Remedial Investigation (RI) Investigation is being conducted to characterize the nature
and extent of contamination of soils, groundwater, and surface water and its threat to
human health and the environment, and to determine the need for remedial measures. The
RI activities may include:
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Monitoring Well Installation
Permeability Testing
Groundwater Sampling (shallow and deep)
Surficial Soil Sampling
Subsurface Soil Sampling
Surface Water Sampling/Sediment Sampling
The information gathered in the RI will be used in a feasibility study to identify evaluate,
and select the most cost effective remedial alternative, to formulate and implement
remedial measures.
1.1 Site Location
The site location shows evidence of urban sprawl due to its proximity to research Triangle
Park. Residential areas, light industry and small businesses have developed around the site.
1.2 Site PJan
Figure 1-1 is a site location map of the area, reproduced from a portion of the USGS 7.5
minute topographic quadrangle map for Gary, North Carolina. The site coordinates are
latitude 35° 50' 49'' and longitude 78° 50' 19''. Figure 1-2 is a general site map depicting the
layout of plant facilities and property boundaries.
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Reference: aphic Map
U.S.G.S. 7.5 Mi~~te T~~~jrPhoto Revised Cary,North Caro ina,
1987
Scale l" ~ 2000'
1-la
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FIGURE 1-1
LOCATION MAP
BEAZER MATERIALS AND
SERVICES, INC.
MORRISVll.1£, NORTH CAROLINA
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0" CH 51Af.El ~ PROPERTY OIINEO BY 8N •\
PROPcRn ACQUIRED BY KOPPERS IN J!i7I ,A/IJlJ Oll'Nt:11 BY llVIT STRUCTl#iES
!!!!!I !B!!I
100
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0 100 200 ,00
I-lb
FI._ t-2
Gt;'NtH.41 SJ Tl." HAP
HAL£ }Glf/HOHR/SV ll l t:
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The site encompasses approximately 52 acres. Approximately 50 acres of the site were
purchased from Unit structures, Inc. in 1962, by Koppers Company, Inc. Two more acres in
the northeast section of the property were subsequently purchased by Koppers from Artie
R. Gray in July, 1971. In September of 1986, Unit Structures, purchased the property and
the business from Koppers, with the exception of approximately 10.5 acres located in the
southwest section. As a result of this purchase, Unit structures now owns the two acres in
the northeast section of the property. After purchase in June of 1988, Koppers company,
Inc. changed its name to Beazer Materials & Services, Inc.
1.3 Site History
Prior to 1961, the site was occupied by Cary Lumber Company who originally occupied the
site in 1896. On April 8, 1961, the directors and sharesholders of Cary Lumber Company
consented to sell real estate and assets of Cary Lumber Company to Unit Structures, Inc. In
1962, Unit Structures, Inc. sold the real estate and assets to Koppers Company, Inc. In 1986
Koppers Company, Inc. sold the property and assets to Unit Structures, Inc., a company
unconnected with the previous Unit Structures, Inc. Two acres of the property located in
the northeast portion of the Morrisville plant property were purchased by Koppers
Company, Inc. in 1971.
Since 1962, the plant has produced glued-laminated wood products. In 1968, a Cellon wood
treating process was constructed at the site to produce treated wood for use as raw material
in the laminating process. The Cellon treatment plant was located in southeastern portion
of the site, near the existing fire pond.
Treatment consisted of pressure injecting pentachlorophenol (PCP), in a liquefied butane
carrier, into the wood. Because pentachlorophenol is not completely soluble in liquified
butane, a cosolvent, isopropyl ether, was used in the process. A glycol-based cosolvent
reportedly was also used for a short period of time.
Typical of other wood treating processes, Cellon treatment was conducted in cylindrical
retorts. One retort cylinder was used at the site. After the wood was impregnated, the
butane carrier was evaporated under reduced pressure, leaving a residual of
pentachlorophenol as a dry, crystalline salt. The carrier was recycled to the work tanks,
where it was cooled before use. After the carrier was removed from the cylinder, a vacuum
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was pulled on the cylinder and IPE and dissolved PCP were sent to the blowdown pit. The
blowdown pit was vented to atmosphere, allowing evaporation to occur. The
pentachlorophenol residual on the treated wood was removed by steaming. Steam
condensate was settled and filtered to recover pentachlorophenol before it was discharged
to the fire pond. Two treatment lagoons were installed approximately six months after start-
up, to provide further removal of pentachlorophenol from the steam condensate prior to
discharge to the fire pond. The location of these lagoons and the other features in the
former treating area descnbed above are shown on Figure 1-6c.
There was a teepee burner located in the northern area of the site. The teepee burner was
a large metal structure used to bum wood shavings and other wood products associated with
the wood treating process.
The Cellon treatment process was discontinued and dismantled in 1975, after which treated
wood was received from other sources. In 1976, following shutdown of the Cellon process,
two samples were taken from the fire pond to determine water quality. One sample was
collected near the south ditch and the other near the Cellon treatment lagoons; the
pentachlorophenol concentrations were 0.0042 mg/I and 0.018 mg/I, respectively.
During 1976, Koppers Company, Environmental Services Section, Research Department,
recommended that the two lagoons be reclaimed by land treatment which was considered
best technology at that time. Reclamation took place between April and September of
1977. Two locations were chosen for land treatment of the water from the lagoons. Both
areas were near the steel shop at the north end of the property. The areas were plowed and
diked and received two applications of water, followed by the addition of fertilizer and
plowing. Additionally, dikes were constructed to prevent run-off water from entering the
fire pond. The lagoon bottom sludges were removed and spread to dry over the lagoons and
adjacent areas before reclamation of the area by fertilizing and seeding was conducted.
Subsequent investigations began in 1980 by Koppers to study the environmental quality of
both the groundwater and the soils in the plant vicinity included the installation of nine
backhoe test pits, water sampling from five of the pits, sampling of fifteen on-site wells (W-1
through W-15), and the sampling of three surface water sources. In addition, soil samples
were taken for analyses from different areas of the plant on different occasions. Based on
the results of these efforts, approximately 220 cubic yards of soil were removed during April-
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May 1980 from the former lagoon areas. The soils were disposed in a permitted,
commercial chemical waste disposal facility.
In July, 1980, after removal of contaminated soils, a more extensive soil sampling and
analysis program was initiated that encompassed the former treatment lagoon area, the
former Cellon treatment area, and the former warehouse area which had been used to store
dry pentachlorophenol in bags. As part of this program, seven monitoring wells (W-9
through W-15) were installed to provide a ring of monitoring wells around the plant. The
depths of the wells were selected such that the wells terminated at or above an upper
confining layer which was identified through geophysical logging. Groundwater samples
were drawn from these wells in August, September, and October of 1980. In addition, on
July 24, 1980 two off-site wells (Medlin residence and Wilkerson Construction) and one on-
site well (W-6) were each sampled by Koppers and North Carolina Department of Health
Services as well as two off-site sediment samples, one from the east drainage ditch and one
from the Medlin Pond. Koppers results indicated no PCP in off-site wells (Medlin or
Wilkerson samples) at a detection level of 0.0004 mg/L The sediment sample from the east
discharge point contained 0.674 mg/kg PCP and the sediment sample at the Medlin Pond
contained 0.114 mg/kg PCP, based on Koppers analyses. PCP was detected by both labs in
on-site well W-6.
On September 11, 1980, water and soil samples were collected from the fire pond and
selected test pits. Based on the results of this investigation, an additional 240 cubic yards of
soil were removed from the former lagoon area and disposed in a permitted, commercial
chemical waste disposal facility in November 1980.
On September 24, 1980, the U.S. EPA conducted a ha7.ardous waste site investigation
(HWSI) which included the collection and analysis of water, both on-site and off-site
sediment, and fish for purgeable and extractable organic compounds. Surface water
samples were collected from the fire pond, Medlin Pond, and the east drainage ditch.
Groundwater samples were collected from three wells on the plant property and three off-
site domestic wells. Sediment samples were also collected from the fire pond, Medlin pond,
and the ditch which drained the land treatment area. Fish were collected for analysis from
the Medlin pond and the fire pond. Trace levels of several PAHs (values were reported
below the detection limits and were indicated by 'T'), common laboratory solvents (i.e.
methylene chloride, bis-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, and petroleum product constituents (i.e.
hexadecanoic acid, as tentatively identified compounds) were detected in the Medlin Pond
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and Fire Pond sediments. Fish samples in both ponds also had petroleum product
constituents below the detection limits, but there were several compounds (i.e. octadecanoic
acid) reported as estimated values, designated by "J". Lastly, one sediment sample collected
from the fire pond had PCP present above the detection limit at a level of 6.4 mg/kg. No
contaminants were detected in the three off-site wells.
A series of eight supply wells (W-1 through W-8) had been installed at the site to support
plant operations. Available records indicate the majority of the plant supply wells were
installed in 1971 or 1972 and the depths of wells range from 200 to 400 feet. Results of the
geophysical logging indicated well depths ranging from 73 to 210 feeL Three of these wells
were used to supply non-potable water to the plant. Connection to a municipal water supply
has been completed.
In June, 1981, a detailed follow-up investigation was completed by Koppers in the area of
the former treatment lagoons which indicated that pentachlorophenol was present at some
locations. Additional rounds of groundwater and soil sampling were conducted in July and
December of 1984, confirming the results from 1981. Approximately 1100 cubic yards of
soil were removed from the former lagoon area in 1986. Additionally, 50 cubic yards of
material were removed from the filter bed area and 100 cubic yards from the blowdown pit
area, totalling 1250 cubic yards. Removed soils were disposed in a permitted, commercial
chemical waste disposal facility. Figure 1-7 depicts approximate area of soil removal.
A hydrogeologic investigation was conducted in 1986 by Keystone to supply additional data
concerning the presence and movement of hazardous constituents in groundwater and soil.
The investigation included a geophysical survey to identify the presence of diabase dikes,
installation of additional monitoring wells, groundwater sampling, and soil sampling.
A series of twelve monitoring wells (M-1 through M-12) were installed and logged by
Keystone in July and August, 1986 and a total of 15 soil borings (B-1 through B-15) were
completed concurrently with the monitoring well installation work. Soil borings were
installed throughout the site, targeting potential pentachlorophenol source areas. These
areas included the former lagoons, the Cellon area, the land treatment areas, the
pentachlorophenol warehouse area, and the sawdust storage area. Locations of these wells
and borings are shown on Figure 1-3, and 1-4, respectively. A magnetometer survey was
conducted in the former lagoon and land farm areas to confirm or deny the presence of a
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diabase dike beneath the site. This investigation concluded that a diabase dike is not
present within 150 feet of the surface in these areas.
Groundwater samples were collected by Keystone during September 1986 from the twelve
newly installed monitoring wells (M-1 to M-12) and also 13 of the 15 existing wells (W-1 to
W-8, W-10, W-12 to W-15).
In addition to on-site monitoring, BM&S initiated a domestic well sampling program of
potentially affected wells. The locations of domestic wells in the vicinity of the site as
determined by the 1988 well survey are shown on Figure 1-8. Off-site wells were sampled by
Keystone in September 1986 (Table 1-3A), November 1986 and January 1987. In
December 1986, the NC Division of Health Services, Superfund Branch, began sampling
off-site wells around this site. In March 1987, BM&S released the results of its 3 rounds of
sampling. BM&S results were questionable due to high blanks and problems with lab
contamination. They were also inconsistent with results obtained by the State lab.
Representatives of BM&S, Keystone, the Wake County Health Dept. and the State met and
decided to resample immediately. At that time, BM&S began off-site well sampling in
conjunction with the State and the Wake County Health Dept.
Samples were collected by Keystone in March 1987, November 1987, September 1988, and
October 1988. BM&S committed to ongoing quarterly monitoring of selected domestic
wells in February 1989. Off-site domestic well results indicate that both pentachlorophenol
and isopropyl ether have been detected approximately 4000-5000 feet from the suspected
source areas (PCP, around 5,000' at 11H, or 121; IPE, around 4,000' at lOH as shown on
Figure 1-8). Affected wells were located generally to the north and northwest although the
highest concentrations of pentachlorophenol and isopropyl ether were found less than 1000
feet northeast of the former lagoon and Cellon treatment areas. In addition to off-site well
sampling, an extensive domestic well survey within a mile radius was conducted during
October-December 1988.
1.4 Interim Corrective Measures
Pursuant to the 1980 study, approximately 220 cubic yards of soil was removed from the
former lagoon area. After the original soil removal, a second soil sampling and groundwater
sampling took place and resulted in the removal of an additional 240 cubic yards of soil from
the former lagoon area. Additional wells (W-9 through W-15) were installed in 1980 to
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define groundwater conditions at the site. Soil sampling from 1981 and 1984 led to the
removal in 1986 of an additional 1100 cubic yards of soil from the former lagoon area and
Cellon treatment area, 50 cubic yards of material from the filter bed area, and 100 cubic
yards of material from the blowdown pit area, totalling 1250 cubic yards. Soil borings and
shallow monitoring wells were installed in 1986 to further identify groundwater conditions
and areas where pentachlorophenol was present in the soil. In August 1987, Keystone, at
the request of BM&S, prepared a report entitled, "Summary of Existing Data for Previously
Operated Property, Koppers Company Inc., Raleigh, North Carolina Site." This report,
including recommendations for future work, was submitted to NC DHR.
As descnbed previously, a quarterly monitoring program of domestic wells has been
initiated. BM&S currently provides bottled water at off-site well locations where
pentachlorophenol and/or IPE has been detected. In cases where results indicate invalid
data for any reason (e.g., blank contamination), until resampling and valid data is obtained,
bottled water has been and will be supplied to the affected residents as a precautionary
measure.
In November 1988, a fence was installed by BM&S around Medlin Pond to discourage
unwarranted use, after concerns were expressed by the property owners. Permission was
received from the owner prior to erection of the fence and a BM&S representative was on-
site to accommodate the property owner wishes during installation.
In February 1989, BM&S, in cooperation with the town of Morrisville, agreed to the
installation of municipal water lines to the affected areas and service to affected residences.
BM&S and EPA Region IV entered into negotiations concerning a Consent Order for the
construction of the water line. An agreement was reached and the Order was effective May
15, 1989.
Over 3.9 miles of water mains have been installed. Thirty-eight residences/locations have
been connected to the city water system as of December 1, 1989. An additional six
residences were offered municipal water, but have refused. Additional connections are
planned. Unit Structures was connected to the municipal water system in the fall of 1989.
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2.0 RESPONSIBILIJY
2.1 Assignment or Responsibilities
2.1.1 General
All site activities where an exposure to contaminated materials is possible will be subject to
this safety and health plan.
2.1.2 Project Manager
The Project Manager will be ultimately responsible for the implementation, maintenance,
and compliance with the site HASP. This responsibility will be delegated to the SHSO.
2.1.3 Sjte Health and Saretv Officer
A SHSO, who will be designated, will be responsible for all health and safety activities,
including subcontractor activities, for air monitoring activities for overseeing the
decontamination of equipment and materials leaving the contaminated area, and for
providing and enforcing the use of personal protective equipment and clothing. The SHSO
will have experience in field operations with air monitoring equipment, personal protective
equipment and clothing, decontamination procedures and emergency response procedures.
A Health and Safety professional will be responsible for the training of on-site personnel as
described in Section 3.0. The SHSO will also work with health and safety personnel of
subcontractors in the implementation of this site health and safety plan.
2.1.4 Qn-sjte Supervisor
The On-site Supervisor is responsible for field implementation of the health and safety
program when the SHSO is not present. This responsibility includes advising site workers of
the specific health and safety requirements and consulting with the SHSO or a Health and
Safety professional regarding appropriate changes to the health and safety plan.
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2.1.s Site Personnel
All site personnel will be responsible for working in a safe and healthful manner. They will
be required to comply with all applicable local, state and federal health and safety rules,
regulations, and standards. Field sampling personnel will be responsible for knowing of and
complying with all aspects of the HASP.
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3.o HAZARD ANALYSIS
A preliminary hazard analysis has been conducted to ensure that site activities, personal
protection and emergency response are consistent with the specific contaminants expected
to be encountered. The analysis forms the foundation for this Health and Safety Plan;
however, the assessment of site hazards is an ongoing process and will be continued through
the course of this project.
Action levels have been established for organic vapors and appropriate personal protective
equipment have been designated in section 7.2 Personal Protective Equipment.
3.1 Chemical Hazards
The contaminants of concern that may be present at the site include, isopropyl ether,
pentachlorophenol polychlorinated dibenzodioxin, and polychlorinated dibenzofuran.
IsopropyI Ether
Routes or Exposure
lsopropyl ether can effect the body if it is inhaled or if it comes in contact with the eyes or
skin. It can also effect the body if swallowed.
Effects or Overexposure
Acute Exposure: Strong concentrations of isopropyl ether vapors may cause
irritation of the eyes and nose. High concentrations may cause drowsiness, dizziness
and unconsciousness.
Long-Term: Repeated or prolonged exposure to liquid isopropyl ether may cause
dryness and irritation of the skin.
Acute Toxicity
Exposures of humans to PCP at sufficiently high doses (70-250 mg/kg) may result in acute
toxic effects (U.S. EPA, 1980). Reported effects from acute exposure include: local
irritation, systemic effects, and allergic reactions (Dow Chemical Co., 1969). Other reported
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symptoms are: profuse sweating, fever, weight loss, and gastrointestinal reactions
(Chapman and Robson, 1965). Liver and kidney malfunctions have been reported where
doses were high enough to cause fatality (Roboson et al, 1969).
Potential dermal toxicity of PCP: Deichman et al. (1942) have reported on the effects of
pentachlorophenol administered dermally in animals. In this study, application of 10 ml of 1
percent pentachlorophenol in mineral oil (10,000 ppm) for four hours was without local
dermal effect in 21 days of dosing. Solutions of 5-10 percent gave positive or negative
dermal results, depending on the volume of material applied and the vehicle in which the
pentachlorophenol was dissolved.
Subchronjc Toxicity
Subchronic occupational exposures to PCP have reportedly resulted in the following effects
to humans: serum enzyme induction (Klemmer, 1972), increased incidence of low-grade
infection or inflammations (Klemmer et al, 1980), and depressed kidney function (Begley et
al, 1977). These effects, however, have been reported to be partially reversible.
Chronic Toxicity
Data regarding the carcinogenicity to humans of ingested or inhaled PCP was not available
ili1 the literature.
P,olychlorinated Djbenzo-p-Djoxins<PCDDs}
P,otychiorinated Dibenzofurans<PCDFs}
Acute Toxicity
Acute exposure of humans to 2,3,7,8-TCDD may result in several effects depending upon
dose, including: chloracne, altered liver function, hematological lesions, porphyria cutanea
tarda, hyperpigmentation, hirsutism, and neural degeneration in the extremities (U.S. EPA
1985b).
DCC#H457 3-2
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Subchronic Toxicity
No data regarding subchronic oral or inhalation exposures to TCDD by humans could be
located in the reviewed literature.
Chronic Toxicity
V.arious effects have been reported in humans occupationally exposed to 2,3,7,8-TCDD.
TI1ese include: chloracne, immunotoxicity, hyperpigmentation, hyperkeratosis, hirsutism of
the skin, hypertriglycerid and hypercholesterolemia, aching muscles, loss of appetite, weight
lo:.s, headaches, neuropathy, insomnia and loss of libido (Neal and Basu, 1987).
Potential dermal toxicity: Dermal contact is suspected to be the primary route of exposure
to 2,3, 7,8-TCDD, with oral and inhalation exposure potentially occurring to a lesser extent
(Neal and Basu, 1987). Neal and Basu (1987) report chloracne, however, as the only lesion
definitively resulting from human exposure to 2,3,7,8-TCDD. Levels of exposure causing
this effect have not been determined.
Devetopmental and Reproductive Effects
Several epidemiologic studies have been conducted to determine the potential
de·,elopmental and reproductive effects of 2,4,5-T and 2,3,7,8-TCDD. Results of these
studies are as follows: A positive association between 2,4,5-T exposures and increases in
birth defects or abortions in humans was reported in Oregon (U.S. EPA, 1979), New
Zealand (Hanify et al, 1981) and Australia (Field and Kerr, 1979). No correlation, however,
wa1 reported in humans in Arkansas (Nelson et al, 1979), New Zealand (McQueen et al,
1977) and Australia (Aldred, 1978). None of the reportedly positive or negative associations
unequivocally identify 2,4,5-T or 2,3,7,8-TCDD as the causative agent or rule out these
compounds. Nelson et al (1979) noted a general increase in the reported incidence of facial
cleft in high and low exposure groups in Arkansas. No consistent exposure/effect
correlations, however, were noted. Hanify et al (1981) studied potential effects in New
Zealand when 2,4,5-T spraying was conducted. A statistically significant association
between talipes and exposure was observed (fractional removal rates of 0.25). No
association rate was observed when a fractional removal rate of 1.0 was used. Exposure to
2,3, 7,8-TCDD after a high level acute exposure accident in Sevso, Italy failed to
demonstrate any change in spontaneous abortion rate (Bonaccorsi et al, 1978). Townsend
DCC#H4!;7 3-3
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et al (1982) reported no statistically significant increase in spontaneous abortions, stillbirths,
infant deaths or congenital malformations in wives of employees potentially exposed to
2,3, 7,8-TCDD during chlorophenol production.
Carcjnogenicity
Various epidemiological studies have reported a potential association between human
exposure and the development of soft tissue sarcomas at different sites and an increase in
nonhodgkins lymphomas (Axelson et al 1980; Erikson, 1979; Putoni et al, 1986, Lynge,
1985). Several epidemiological studies of similar population exposures, however, show no
incidence of cancer (Ott et al, 1980; Cook 1981; Fingerhut et al, 1984; Smith and Pearce,
1985). A causal association, therefore, between 2,3,7,8-TCDD and carcinogenicity has not
been established.
Exposure Limits
Threshold Limit Value • Time Weighted Average (TLV-TWA) represents the time-
weighted average concentration for an eight hour workday and a forty hour workweek, to
which nearly all workers may be repeatedly exposed, day after day, without adverse effect.
lbe TLV-Short Tenn Exposure Limit (STEL) is defined as a fifteen minute time-weighted
average exposure which should not be exceeded at any time during a work day even if the
ejight-hour time-weighted average is within the TLV{fWA The OSHA Permissible
Exposure Limits (PELs) are those TLV-TWAs which have been adopted by OSHA under
29 CFR 1910.1000 (see Table 3-1).
Tbe applicable OSHA PELs from 29 CFR 1910.1000, TLV-TWAs and TLV-STELs from
the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienist(ACGIH) are listed below,
where available. Additional data on occupational health effects of these compounds is
induded as Appendix A
TI1e primary exposure pathways of concern for these compounds are inhalation and skin
absorption. Isopropyl ether and pentachlorophenol are the most volatile of these
co1111pounds and exposure to isopropyl ether and pentachlorophenol could possibly occur in
tht: vapor state as well as with contaminant particulates. The other two compounds are
relatively non-volatile and the major concern with airborne exposure is with dust
contaminated with these compounds.
DCC#H4:57 3-4
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Pentachlorophenol-skin3
Isopropyl ether
Polychlo1inated Dibenzofuran
Polychlminated Dibenzodioxin
TABLEJ.1
THRESHOLD LIMIT VALUES
TLV-JWA1
0.5 mg!m3
250ppm
1LV-STEL1
NONE ESTABLISHED
310ppm
NONE ESTABLISHED
NONE ESTABLISHED
0.5 mgtm3
500ppm
1 Source: Threshold Limit Values and Biological Exposure Indices for 1988-1989, American
Conference of Governmental Industrial l{ygienists (ACGIH)
2 Source:
3 Skin:
DCC#H457
29 CFR 1910.1000
The ACGIH Skin Notation refers to the potential contribution to overall exposure via skin
(including mucous membranes) adsorption.
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3.2 Physical U@mr:ds
Physical hazards of concern include those associated with installation of monitoring wells
and with working in hot environments. Other physical hazards may be identified during the
course of the project; these will be addressed by the SHSO in consultation with a health and
!:afety professional.
3.2.1 Drilling Activities
All drilling activities, including soil borings and well installation, will be performed by
trained, competent personnel. Equipment checks will be performed to insure that good
operating conditions are maintained. All personnel not directly involved with operation of
the rig will maintain safe distances during drilling. Hard hats will be worn by all personnel in
the vicinity of drilling operations. Smoking, eating, and drinking are prohibited in the
v:icinity of the rig.
3.2.2 Heat Stress
Heat stress is probably one of the most common ( and potentially serious) illnesses at
hazardous waste sites. A number of physical reactions to heat may occur ranging from mild
(i.e. fatigue, irritability, anxiety and decreased concentration, dexterity or movement) to
fatal. Heat stress is caused by a number of interacting factors, including environmental
conditions, clothing, workload, and the individual characteristics of the worker. Wearing
protective clothing increases the potential for heat stress.
Four common types of heat stress of increasing severity may occur:
DCC#H4:57
Heat Rash -Heat rash is caused by continuous exposure to heat and humid air and is
aggravated by chafing clothes. It decreases the ability to tolerate heat as well as
being a nuisance, but does not result in any long term adverse effects. The worker
should be removed from the hot environment; the affected area should be washed
with cool water and a medicated lotion applied.
Heat Cramps -Heat cramps are caused by heavy sweating with a failure to replace
loss of water and electrolytes. Signs and symptoms include muscle spasms (legs and
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abdomen affected first) and/or pain in the hands, feet, and abdomen. The worker
should be removed from the hot environment and given fluids (plain water or an
electrolyte replacement drink). The cramped muscles may be gently massaged.
Heat Exhaustion -Heat exhaustion is due to excessive fluid loss producing increased
stress on various organs of the body to meet the increased demand to keep the body
cool. This disorder gives adequate warning by increasing fatigue, weakness, anxiety,
and drenching sweats. Signs and symptoms include:
o pale, cool moist skin (clammy);
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heavy sweating;
dizziness (possibly confusion);
nausea (possibly vomiting);
fainting; and/or
headache.
The employee must be immediately removed from the hot environment and given
rt:placement fluids ( note: never give fluids to an unconscious person). The victim should lie
down and raise his feet from 8 to 12 inches. Loosen clothing and apply cool wet cloths and
fan the victim or remove him/her to an air conditioned area. If he/she vomits, do not
administer additional fluids. Take the victim to a hospital as soon as possible.
DCC#H4!i7
Heat Stroke -Heat stroke is the most serious of the types of heat stress and
constitutes a medical emergency. This Is a life-threatening condition. The onset of
heat stroke may be abrupt and may or may not be proceeded by any of the less
serious forms of heat stress. It is sometimes preceded by headache, dizziness, and
fatigue. Heat stroke occurs when the body's heat regulating mechanisms fail. The
body must be cooled Immediately to prevent convulsions, brain damage, or death.
Signs and symptoms include:
o red, hot, usually dry skin;
o lack of perspiration;
o nausea;
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strong, rapid pulse; and/or
o unconsciousness.
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If heat stroke occurs, call an ambulance immediately and begin emergency first aid
procedures. First aid should be directed toward immediate measures to cool the body
quickly. Undress the victim as much as necessary, repeatedly sponge or wipe bare skin with
cool water or apply cold packs. Use fans or air conditioners when available. If the
ambulance does not arrive within ten minutes, the victim's temperature must be measured
and rechecked every ten minutes thereafter. The body temperature must not be allowed to
fall below 101°F.
Prevention of Heat Stress
;Proper training and preventative measures will help avoid serious illnesses and loss of
productivity of workers. Preventing heat stress is important also because once a person has
suffered from heat exhaustion or heat stroke they are predisposed to them. The following
actions will be taken to minimize the likelihood of the occurrence of heat stress illnesses.
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All employees on site will be trained to recognize the signs and symptoms of
heat stress, the emergency first aid measures for each type of heat stress, and
the measures to prevent heat stress. This training will be documented using
form HS-1, Appendix E.
Worker's body fluids will be maintained at normal levels by implementation of
the following:
workers will drink 16 ounces of fluids before beginning work;
and
water and/or electrolyte replacement fluids ( e.g. Gatorade or
other similar product) will be taken during each break (note:
thirst is not an adequate indicator of fluid replacement need);
Work/rest schedules will be implemented to minimize the risk of heat stress.
Work in hot environments will be performed using the buddy system.
In all cases the worker himself/herself will usually be the first to be aware of a potential heat
stress problem, and must seek relief before a minor heat stress problem becomes a medical
emergency. The worker buddy should also take frequent note of his/her co-worker's
appearance and behavior for signs of heat stress.
DCC#H457 3-7
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·.
3.3 Air Monitoring
Air quality monitoring is a very important part of the Health and Safety Plan. Data
collected are used to form decisions as to worker protective clothing and equipment
upgrades and, where appropriate, to revise site work procedures and emergency
procedures. The air quality monitoring plan for this site is outlined in Table 3-2 and consists
of the following elements:
0 Direct reading measurement of total organic vapor concentrations, and
0 an initial ambient air monitoring program.
Portable direct-reading instruments are used to provide real-time (on-site), semi-
quantitative data on total organic vapor concentrations in and around the breathing zone of
workers and downwind of site activities.
During all drilling, testing, and sampling activities on site, these colorimetric tubes and
photoionization devices or their equivalent will be used for monitoring organic vapor
ctJncentrations in the breathing zone. These devices will be calibrated daily according to the
manufacturer's recommended procedures (see Appendix C), and organic vapor
concentration will be monitored during site activities. Action levels for employee protection
and emergency actions will be instituted based on one-tenth of the OSHA PEL for isopropyl
e1her.
3.3.1 llm
If the need arises air monitoring for dust exposure will be conducted to determine workers
exposure. The need for dust monitoring will be determined by the SHSO through visual
observation. If the SHSO determines unusual amounts of dust are regularly and
continuously being produced, he/she will advised those workers in the area to wear
approved dust respirators and begin periodic dust monitoring.
3.3.2 Organic Compounds
Re:spirators with organic vapor/acid gas/hepa filter cartridges will be worn in the event that
ha:zardous levels of organic vapors are encountered during on-site activities. The HNU
DCC#H457 3-8
TYPE OF
MONITORING
Work Area
Boring and
well
installation
DCC#H457
FREQUENCY
During all
soil sampling
operations at
15-30 minute
intervals
At 15-30 minute
intervals for first
50 feet. Below 50
feet, readings may be
taken at less frequent
intervals.
TABLE3-2
AIR QUALI'IY MONITORING PROGRAM SUMMARY
LOCATION AND NUMBER
Active work areas
( e.g., each sampling
location)
(1) ground surface
and (2) breathing
level
3-Sa
EQUIPMENT USED
PIO Instrument
and/or color-
metric tubes
PIO Instrument
and/or colori-
metric tubes
PURPOSE
Real-time, semi-quantita-
tive data on total organic
vapors for operational and
health and safety decision
making
Documentation of organic
vapor levels and determina-
tion of need to change
protection action levels
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and/or colonnetric tubes will be used to determine when respiratory protection is needed.
Air monitoring will be conducted during site activities. HNU and/or colorimetric tube
readings above the action levels established ( see Section 3.4) indicate that potential
airborne organic vapor hazards may exist. Respirators will be worn or work activities will be
discontinued as stated in Section 6.4. The Site Health and Safety Officer or his/her designee
will document the air quality measurements daily, including corresponding meteorological
clata.
The operation and field manual for the HNU Systems PllOl PID is included in Appendix C.
11tis manual descnbes the operation, maintenance, calibration and troubleshooting
procedures for these instruments, as well as the theory of operation, response characteristics
and sensitivity. Instructions for the use of colorimetric tubes are also contained in Appendix
C.
The Site Health and Safety Officer or his/her designee will document all air quality
measurements daily, including corresponding daily meteorological data.
DCC#H4:57 3-9
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4.o TRAINING
Th,! Health and Safety Officer will conduct a training session designed to ensure that
field personnel are aware of the hazards at the site as a result of scheduled activities
and will perform their work in a manner to minimize, as much as possible, risk to
their health and safety. The health and safety training will include, but not be limited
to 1:he following:
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DCC#H457
A general overview of the project and site;
An explanation of exposure routes and potential effects of constituents
of concern identified at the site, with the focus on pentachlorophenol
and other potential constituents of concern;
Requirements for personnel protective equipment and clothing,
respirator training, skin protection, etc;
The "Buddy System";
Decontamination and/or disposal procedures;
Personal hygiene requirements;
Action Levels and responses to high levels of air-borne constituents;
Emergency response procedures (personal injury, accidents and other
emergency procedures required);
General site safety rules and standard operating procedures;
Responsibility of on-site supervision and management related to
health and safety issues;
Names of personnel responsible for site safety and health;
Use of personal protective equipment;
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0 Work practices to reduce to a minimum on-site health and safety risk;
0 Medical surveillance requirements;
0 Use of site engineering controls;
0 Contingency plans; and
0 Heat Stress;
The site specific training program will involve at least one hour of instruction per
,~mployee. Also, job specific health and safety instructions will be reviewed before
beginning each new phase of work.
Records of site personnel having completed the above training will be maintained by
a Health and Safety professional with copies maintained by the Site Health and
Safety Officer.
W'eekly, or more often if conditions require, the SHSO will conduct follow-up
training related to the change in operations or any other training deemed necessary
by the SHSO.
Jul site workers have completed health and safety training, in compliance with
RESPONSE STANDARD, 29 CFR 1910.120. This training includes initial 40 hours
training and a minimum of three days of actual field experience under the direct
supervision of a trained experienced supervisor. An additional eight hours of
specialized training have been completed by site supervisory personnel.
DCC#H457 4-2
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5.0 MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE PROGRAM
5.1 Purpose
The purpose of the worker medical surveillance program is to insure, to the extent
possible, that all persons participating in field activities at the BM&S Morrisville,
North Carolina site are in good health and capable of performing the field activities
and verify that such work has not resulted in any health problems.
5.2 Protocol
All personnel, including subcontractors, subject to occupational exposure at the site
may be required to have had a medical examination within the past year prior to the
begi.nning of field operations at the Morrisville site. Protocols will be approved by a
Health and Safety professional in consultation with an occupational physician. The
medical examination as a minimum will consist of the following:
Review and documentation of medical records
General Physical
Pulmonary Function Test (FVC and FEV 1)
SMA 24 Blood Chemistry
Complete Blood Count (CBC)
Chest X-Ray (if medically indicated)
Heavy Metals Screen ( urine analysis) only if medically indicated
Mc:dical surveillance report will include a judgment by the examining physician of the
ability of the employee to use a negative or positive pressure respirator and a positive
pri:ssure breathing apparatus. Those individuals determined to have a medical
condition which could directly or indirectly be aggravated by exposure to chemical
DCC#H457 5-1
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substances within the site environment or the use of respiratory equipment will not
be employed on this project.
The SHSO in consultation with a Health and Safety professional and an occupational
physician will decide whether an employee is to undergo re-examination should an
individual develop an illness or injury during the course of site activities. The
physician examining the individual must certify that the individual is fit to return to
work without restrictions before he/she can participate in site activities. In addition
the: Health and Safety professional and/or the attending physician can· request
additional medical testing if abnormal exposure occurs.
An exit examination of individuals exposed to hazardous site conditions throughout
the length of the project may be scheduled upon completion of this project.
DCC#H4.57 S-2
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6.0 DECONTAMINATION
6.1 Purpose
Decontamination procedures will be implemented for equipment and personnel to
ensure that suspected contaminants are adequately controlled and to avoid the
tramfer of contaminants off of the work site and to other personnel.
6.2 Equipment
Whenever possible, equipment will be decontaminated before it leaves the site.
Decontamination may consist of scraping, water or solvent rinsing or steam cleaning.
Wash waters generated by equipment decontamination will be handled in a manner
consistent with the disposition of the purge water and wash water from the ground
water wells as outlined in the work plan. Verification that equipment leaving the site
has been adequately decontaminated is the responsibility of the SHSO. Equipment
that cannot be adequately decontaminated at the site will be effectively covered to
prevent off-site contamination and transported to another area for eventual
decontamination or disposal in accordance with all applicable regulations.
6.3 Personnel and Protective Equipment
On-site personnel will be required to remove contaminated clothing and thoroughly
wash hands and face prior to smoking, handling of any food or drink, using of the
restroom facilities or leaving the site. On a daily basis, personnel shall scrub boots,
hard hats and gloves (if they come in contact with contaminated material) in a
det,!rgent and water type solution, rinse with clean water and allow to dry overnight.
The inside surface of each must be inspected for contamination. Any contamination
must be removed, the item cleaned or washed (as above) or discarded. Respirators
will be cleaned daily with commercially available respirator cleaner-sanitizer if they
are worn.
Any personnel protective equipment to be thrown away will be placed in an
appropriate container and disposed of in accordance with all applicable local, state
and federal regulations.
DCC#H457 6-1
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Vvhen exiting the work area for breaks, use of the restroom, or going to lunch,
personnel will remove contaminated protective clothing in the appropriate area and
wash his/her face, hands, neck, and arms before moving into the break area or
k:aving the site.
Vlhen a minor first-aid emergency requires worker to leave the work site, site
personnel will follow these amendments:
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The worker will remove gross contamination, remove outer garments
in the area, if possible, and receive first-aid at that time.
If the accident/injury is not serious, the worker, after being treated, will
redress and return to the work area.
If the accident/injury is serious, the worker will be immediately
transported to the hospital. During the wait for an emergency vehicle
the injured will be decontaminated as much as possible.
If more elaborate personnel protective equipment clothing is required,
decontamination procedures will be modified to be consistent with the increased
level of protection.
DCC#H457 6-2
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HEALTH AND SAFE'.D'. PROCEDURES
TI1e following sections address specific health and safety procedures to be followed during
th,! conduct of the RI/FS at the Morrisville site.
7.1 General
The following general policies/procedures will be in effect at the B M & S Morrisville RI/FS
site:
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DCC#H457
the Site Health and Safety Officer will be notified before anyone enters the
work area covered by this health and safety plan;
personnel must wash hands, arms, neck and face before smoking, eating,
drinking, using restroom facilities, or leaving the site;
all personal protective equipment will be decontaminated or properly
disposed of before leaving the site;
all changing of clothes and personal protective equipment will take place in a
designated change area;
contact lenses will not be worn in areas covered by this health and safety plan;
personnel violating safety procedures will be removed from the job;
all activities will comply with all applicable local, state and federal laws;
work zones will be honored;
each sample must be treated as though it were toxic and hazardous;
persons with beards or other facial hair that interferes with respirator fit are
not permitted within the site boundaries when conditions require respiratory
protection;
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all personnel should avoid all unnecessary contact with contaminated soil and
water;
all personnel should avoid any contact between their hands and mouths until
they are thoroughly decontaminated;
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use of, or under the visible influence of alcohol, narcotics, or controlled
substances while working will not be permitted; and
firearms, ammunition, fireworks and explosives are prohibited.
7.2 Personal Protective Equipment
All personnel in the work area shall wear the required health and safety equipment as
oudined in the Health and Safety Plan. The site health and safety officer or his/her designee
wil I determine the parameters of the work area.
Personnel protective equipment specific to each task areas are outlined in Table 7-2 through
7-4.
It ::hall be at the SHSO's discretion to upgrade the level of protection based on his/her
obi:ervation's of conditions and/or results of air monitoring.
Within the work area, organic vapor measurements at the breathing zone will be used as an
indication of airborne contaminant levels. Action levels have been established for organic
vapor readings. Responses to these action levels have been devised and general actions are
defined once observed sustained organic vapor concentrations above background are
realized. "Sustained" indicates elevated concentrations of organic vapors in the breathing
wne for longer than 15 minutes. The basic responses to air concentrations observed during
area monitoring are as follows:
DCC#H41i7
Level 1 -Organic vapor measurements of less than 50 ppm above
background: Respirators not required.
7-2
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TABLE7-1
PERSONNEL PROTECilVE EQUIPMENT FOR MONITORING WELL
INSTALLATION AND TEST BORINGS IN THE
LAGOON AND TREATMENT AREA
REQUIRED
MODI~F~'IE~o-LEVEL C
Work Coveralls (Polycoated Tyvek Coveralls)
Safety Glasses or Goggles
PVC Undergloves
Neoprene gloves
Steel Toe and Shank Footwear
Hard Hat
CONTINGENCY
DCC#H4:;7
Sun Screen
At least one respirator (MSHA/NIOSH approved) for each person at the drill
site, with OV/AG/Hepa cartridge filter.
First Aid Kit
Portable eyewash station
Fire extinguisher and blanket
Disposable overboots
Ear protection (if needed)
Glove (J?rotective clothing) material selection is based on best judgment,
considenng all potential solvent contacts, but, no one glove ( protective
clothing) material is resistant to permeation and degradation by all solvents.
Thus, care must be taken to examine the ~oves (protective clothing) while
being worn and when removed for J?hys1cal condition (tears, holes, split
seams, etc.) and signs of liquid permeatmn/degradation.
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RJEQUIRED
TABLE7-2
PERSONNEL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT FOR OFF-SITE
MONITORING WELL INSTALLATION AND
ALL OTHER LOCATIONS
LEVELD
Work Coveralls
Safety Glasses or Goggles
PVC Undergloves
Neoprene gloves
Steel Toe and Shank Footwear
Hard Hat
CONTINGENCY
*Note:
DCC#H457
Sun Screen
At least one respirator (MSHA/NIOSH approved) for each person at the drill
site, with OV/AG/Hepa cartridge filter.
First Aid Kit
Portable eyewash station
Fire extinguisher and blanket
Disposable overboots
Ear protection (if needed)
Glove (protective clothing) material selection is based on best judgment,
considering all potential solvent contacts, but, no one glove (f rotective
clothing) material is resistant to permeation and degradation by al solvents.
Thus, care must be taken to examine the ~oves (protective clothing) while
being worn and when removed for physical condition (tears, holes, split
seams, etc.) and signs of liquid permeation/degradation.
7-2b
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TABLE7-3
PERSONNEL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT FOR SOIL SAMPLING,
GROUNDWATER
SAMPLING, AND PERMEABILI1Y TESTING ON-SITE
REQUIRED
MOD~o-·m~n~ LEVEL C
Work coverall (Polycoated Tyvek Coveralls)
Safety glasses or goggles
PVC Undergloves
Neoprene gloves
Steel toe safety footwear
Hard hat
CONTINGENCY
*Note:
DCC#H457
Sun screen
At least one respirator (MSHA/NIOSH approved) for each person at the site
with OV/AG/Hepa cartridges .
First aid kit
Portable eyewash station
Fire extinguisher and blanket
Disposable overboots
Glove (J?rotective clothing) material selection is based on best judgment,
considenng all potential solvent contacts, but, no one glove (frotective
clothing) material is resistant to permeation and degradation by al solvents.
Thus, care must be taken to examine the gloves (protective clothing) while
being worn and when removed for physical condition (tears, holes, split
seams, etc.) and signs of liquid permeat10n/ degradation.
7-2c
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TABLE7-4
PERSONNEL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT FOR SURFACE WATER AND
SEDIMENT SAMPLING
REQUIRED
LEVELD
Work coveralls
Safety glasses or goggles
Rubber boots
PVC undergloves
Neoprene gloves (mid arm)
CONTINGENCY
*Note:
DCC#H4t:7
Sun screen
At least one respirator (MSHNNIOSH approved) for each person at the site
with OV/AG/Hepa cartridges
Portable eye wash station
First aid kit
Glove (J?rotective clothing) material selection is based on best judgment,
considenng all potential solvent contacts, but, no one glove (f rotective
clothing) material is resistant to permeation and degradation by al solvents.
Thus, care must be taken to examine the ~oves (protective clothing) while
being worn and when removed for physical condition (tears, holes, split
seams, etc.) and signs of liquid permeatmn/degradation.
7-2d
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Level 2 -Organic vapor measurements of 50-100 ppm above background:
Require MSHNNIOSH approved respirators with organic vapor/acid
gas/hepafilter cartridges. Also, they will be worn when a visible, airborne dust
has been generated and workers must continue to work within the visible
airborne dust.
Level 3 -Organic vapor measurements exceeds 100 ppm above background:
Personnel will be temporarily suspended from the area until concentrations
decrease. H organic vapor measurements remain greater than 100 ppm other
action will be considered including upgrading the level of protection from
Modified Level C to Level C or higher (see Appendix D).
The 50 ppm response level for the use of respirators is based on the threshold limit value for
i:;opropyl ether. The 100 ppm response level for suspension of operations is within the
tounds of the effective range of the MSHNNIOSH approved respirators. Employees will
be informed of the need for a change in the level of protection required via word of mouth.
If a particular job function appears to result consistently in high employee exposure,
additional employee training for improved work habits and other administrative action will
be taken to reduce chronic exposure potential.
7.3 Health and Safety Plan -General Population
For the purpose of this investigation, the "general population" will be defined as those
individuals not associated with the field activities of this investigation but in proximity to
these activities .
The Health and Safety Plan for these groups consist of:
1.
2.
DCC#H457
Limiting the potential interaction with these groups and
Instituting a system of ''Perimeter Action Levels" based on air monitoring of
the specific field activity, whereby organic vapor concentrations at the
perimeter of work area are closely monitored to dictate health and safety
actions.
7.3
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7.3.1 Limiting Interactions
Visitors to the site will be required to report to the field headquarters and sign a visitors log
book prior to entering the site. Depending on the purpose of the visit and the areas of the
:,ite to be visited, the Health and Safety Officer or his/her designee will determine what
:oersonal protective equipment is required to be worn by the visitor.
7.3.2 Perimeter Action I&vels
'When field personnel observe a sustained organic vapor reading in excess of 25 ppm ( above
background) as measured in the workers breathing zone, field personnel will take another
measurement downwind at the field activity perimeter. The following responses will be
initiated dependent upon the perimeter sustained organic vapor reading:
25 ppm above. background: Notify Project Manager and keep him/her
apprised of status. Continue to work.
50 ppm above background: Alert field personnel in the vicinity. Require
MSHNNIOSH approved respirators with OV/AG/Hepa cartridge filters on
all field personnel downwind of the work area. nMonitor with the PID or the
OVA at the perimeter on a continuous basis.
100 ppm or greater above background: Suspend all field activities, notify
Project Manager. If concentrations greater than 100 ppm above background
persist after operations are suspended, the SHSO will notify the Project
Manager and the source of the organic vapor will be investigated.
Appropriate actions will be determined and acted upon on a case by case
occurrence by Beazer Materials and Services, Inc. and its contractor.
In all probability, the work area action levels descnbed in Section 6.4 will trigger responses
to elevate organic vapor concentrations before the perimeter action levels, as described
above.
DCC#H457 7-4
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8.o EMERGENCV PROCEDURES
Work on a hazardous waste site make emergencies a possibility. Emergencies can
occur unexpectedly and suddenly and require quick and in some instances rapid
responses. This section outlines emergency procedures to follow in some cases of
emergencies and those individuals who are responsible implementing emergency
procedures.
8.1 ResponsjbiHty
The following personnel are responsible for on-site coordination of emergency
procedures :
Project Manager
Site Health and
Safety Officer
(J.C. Mitsak)
(to be assigned prior to the site investigation)
These people will be responsible for initiating emergency response procedures and
allocating resources to conduct spill containment or other emergency operations.
8.2 General Injury
In the event of a medical emergency, the closest hospital will be promptly notified for
asi:istance.
8.3
1
2
3
DCC#H457
Fiat Aid
8.3.1 General
Give first-aid as is appropriate and necessary
Contact medical help, if necessary ( see Table 8-1)
Notify Project Manager, Health and Safety Professional, and
Morrisville, N.C. site.
8-1
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TABLE8-1
EMERGENCY INFORMATION
In the event of a fire, uncontrollable chemical spill, explosion, or any occurrence that might
be harmful to personnel or adjacent property, the SHSO will immediately notify the proper
emergency services which will be required. The proper emergency service is determined by
the nature of the emergency.
EMERGENCY NOTIFICATION NUMBERS
Mmrisville Fire Department
Mmrisville Police Department
North Carolina Highway Patrol (Raleigh)
Rex Hospital
442 Lake Boone Trail
Ral,~igh, N.C.
.............. 911 or 919-469-1426
.............. 911 or 919-469-1426
........................ 919 -733-3861
. ....................... 919 -783-3100
Dil~CTIONS TO HOSPITAL: Turn left out of the plant go to Highway54; turn right onto
Route 54 to Airport Boulevard; Turn left onto Airport Boulevard to I-40; Turn right onto I-
40 to Blue Ridge Road; Turn left onto Blue Ridger Road and go to lake Boone Trail. The
hospital is located at 442 Lake Boone Trail.
PROCEDURES FOR REPORTING INCIDENTS
Immediately Call : Keystone's Contacts
DCC#H457
John C. Mitsak
James M. Thomas, II
Linda K. Scholl
[phone]
( 412) 733-94 73
( 412) 733-9714
Beazer Materials and Services, Inc. Contact
Shannon K. Craig
Unit Structures Contact
Mark Schwartz
EPA Contact
Barbara Benoy
8-la
( 412) 227-2684
[phone]
( 404)347-7791
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8.3.2 Specific Treatments
Eye Exposure
Immediately flush exposed eye with copious amounts of water, using
emergency eye wash station.
Skin Exposure
Wash contaminated area with mild soap and water immediately.
Inhalation
Remove person to clean air. Perform artificial respiration and/or CPR,
if appropriate.
Swallowing
Contact nearest hospital or poison control center for instructions.
Burns
Immediately treat acid, caustic and thermal burns by rinsing in cold
water then report promptly to SHSO or his/her designee.
o Heat Stress (See section 3.2.2.)
Movement of an injured person/s should be avoided unless the injured person/s is in
immediate danger.
8.4 Occupational Injuries and Illnesses
All recordable occupational injuries and illnesses as required by the regulations
issu,ed under the Occupational Safety and Health Act will be recorded on the
appropriate form. Occupational injuries and illnesses will be recorded within 48
hours of the recordable case as required by law.
8.5 f1B
In case of a fire emergency, personnel shall implement the following actions:
DCC#H4!i7 8-2
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o Notify appropriate plant personnel.
o Localized ( controlled) -use fire extinguisher and/or fire blanket to
extinguish.
o Uncontrolled -follow established plant fire procedures.
8.6 Emergency Sjte Evacuation Procedures
8.6.1 Evacuation PJan
In ;,he event that an emergency arises, including but not limited to fire, explosion or
significant toxic gas release into the ambient atmosphere, an air horn will be
activated. The horn will sound continuously for approximately 15 seconds. All
personnel will evacuate the site and assemble at the Wilkerson Construction office
on Highway Route 54, East of the Site. Necessary instructions concerning the
evf,cuation will be given at that time. After the emergency has been resolved, the
Sitt! Health and Safety Officer will indicate that work can be resumed.
Under no circumstances will incoming visitors be allowed to proceed to the fire area
once an alarm has been sounded. Visitors or other persons present in the area of the
emergency shall be instructed to evacuate the area.
All project personnel will be instructed on proper emergency responses and how to
contact facility personnel in case of an emergency.
Front-end loaders, drill rigs and/or other combustion apparatus shall be shut down
once an alarm has been sounded. Operators and other support personnel will then
proceed to the site assembly location immediately for further instructions.
8. 7 Communications
If ,:ommunication at the work site is necessary, it may be done via 2-way radio
communications. Verbal communication at the site can be impacted by the on-site
background noise and the use of personal protective equipment. For effective
DCC#H457 8-3
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I communications, commands can be prearranged and additional audio or visual cues
will help convey the messages.
I At the site, personnel could use one of the following means of communication:
I DEVICE 1YPE OF COMMUNICATIONS SIGNAL
I 2-Way Radio To each other Assigned radio No.
I To field HQ/ Assigned radio No.
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nonemergency
To field HQ/emergency Code Red/assigned No.
I Compressed To Field/nonemergency One long.one short
I Air Hom blast.
I To Field/emergency 3 long blasts
Evacuation Continuous blast.
I (15 seconds)
I Visual To each other Arms waved in circle
distress/need help overhead
I Break,lunch,end of day Two hands together
I break apart
I Contaminated air/ Hands clutching strong odor
throat
I To field/evacuate area Arms waved
overhead
in criss-cross
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I DCC#H457 8-4
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1•
APPENDIX A
MATERIAL SAFE'IY DATA SHEEl'S/HEALTH DATA
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Occupatlonal Health Guldellne for
lsopropylether
INTl~ODUCTION
This ,Juideline is intended as a source of information for
employees, employers, physicians, industrial hygienists,
and either occupational health professionals who may
have • need for such information. It does not attempt to
prese,11 all data; rather, it presents pertinent information
and data in summary form.
SUBSTANCE IDENTIFICATION
• Fo,mula: ((CH,).CH).O
• Syr.,onyms: Diisopropyl ether; 2-isopropoxypropane
• Appearance and odor: Colorless liquid with a sharp,
sweet. ether-like odor.
PERIIIIISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMIT (PEL)
The cu.rrent OSHA standard for isopropylether is 500
paru ,Jf isopropylether per million parts of air (ppm)
avera11ed over an eight-hour worlr. shift. Thia may also
be ex11ressed as 2100 milligrams of isopropylether per
cubic meter of air (mg/m'). The American Conference
of Go•1emmental Industrial Hygienists has recommend-
ed for isopropylcthcr a Threshold Limit Value of 250
ppm.
HEAi.TH HAZARD INFORMATION
• Roa1ta of espc1111n
hopro pylether can affect the body if it is inhaled or if it
comes in contaet with the eyes or sir.in. It can also affect
the body if it is swallowed.
• Effe,:ta of oYerespolllN
1. Sho,-r-11rm E.rpo.11,r Strong concentrations of iso-
propyl,:ther vapon may cauae irritation of the eyes and
noee. Animal experiments suggest that exposure to high
concentrations of this chemical may cauae drowsiness,
dizzinesa. and uncomciousnesa.
2. Lonir•llrm Ezpo111,r Repeated or prolonged expo-
sure to liquid isopropylether may cauae drynesa and
irritatic n of the sir.in.
J. Reporting Signs and Symptoms: A physician should be
contaeted if anyone develops any signs or symptoms
and suspects that they are caused by exposure to
isopropylether.
• Recommended medical 111nei.U.uce
The following medical procedures should be made
available to each employee who is exposed to isopropy-
lether at potentially hazardous levels:
1. lnitilll Mlfllkal x,wning: Employees should be
screened for history of certain medical conditions
(listed below) which might place the employee at
increased rislr. from isopropylether exposuse.
-Chronic respiratory disease: In persons with im-
paired pulmonary function, especially those with ob-
structive airway disease,, the breathing of isopropy-
lether might cauae exacerbation of symptoms due to its
irritant properties.
-Sir.in disease: Isopropylether is a defatting agent
and can cauae dermatitis on prolonged exposure. Per-
sons with pre-existing sir.in disorden may be more
susceptible to the effects ofthis agent.
1. Ptriodk Mlfllkal Ezominotion: Any employee devel-
oping the above-listed conditions should be referred for
further medical examination.
• Summary of to:dcolol)'
lsopropylether vapor is a mild irritant of the eyes and
mucous membranes; high levels cauae narcosis in ani-
mals. Animals exposed to 30,000 ppm for I hour showed
signs of narcosis. Exposure of human subjects to 800
ppm for 5 minutes caused irritation of the eyes and nose
and some reported respiratory discomfort; exposure 10
500 ppm for 15 minutes was not irritating, but at 300
ppm one third of the subjects objected to the unpleasant
odor. The liquid dropped in the eye of a rabbit caused
minor injury. In rabbita. repeated sir.in exposure to the
liquid for 10 days caused dermatitis, possibly due to
defatting action.
These recommendations reflect good industrial hygiene and medical surveillance practices and their implementation will
ass,st ,n ach,ev,ng an eNect,ve occupational healtll program. However. they may not be suNic1ent to achieve compliance
with all requirements of OSHA regulations.
U.I. D1!11AATMINT o, HIAL TH AND HUMAN IIRYICII
?ut,l,c Health SeMct Ctntar1 tor Oi_ .. ContrOI
National lnsntut• for Occup1b0n11 Stfety and Meant\
U.S. DIPARTMl!NT 01' LABOR
Occ:upanonat Safety and Htaltll Adm1n11tr11ion
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CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
• 1'11:,dcal data
I. Molecular weight: 102.2
2. Boiling point (760 mm Hg}: 68. 9 C ( 156 F)
3. Sp.,cific gravity (water = I): 0. 7
4. Va:oor density (a.it = I al boiling point of isopro-
pylether): 3.5
5. Melting point: -85 C ( -12 I F)
6. Vapor pressure at 20 C (68 F): I 19 mm Hg
7. Solubility in water, g/100 g water at 20 C (68 F):
0.2
8. Evaporation rate (butyl acetate = I): 8
• RactMty
I. Conditions contributing 10 instability: Contact
with air ::auses formation of explosive peroxides that
may detonate when heated or subjected to shock.
2. Ine-0mpatibilities: Contact with strong oxidizers
may caus,, fires and exploaiona.
3. Hawrdous decomposition products: Toxic gases
and vapors (such u carbon monoxide) may be released
in a fire in-volving isopropylether.
4. Special precautiona: lsopropylether will attack
some forms of plastia, rubber, and coatings.
• Flammability
I. Flash point: -27.8 C (-18 F) (closed cup)
2. Au101ignition temperature: 443 C (830 F)
3. Flam,nable limits in air, % by volume: Lower: 1.4;
Upper: 7.9
4. Extin;p,ishant: Alcohol foam, dry chemical.
carbon dio,ude
• WU'IUJl8 propertlea
I. Odor Threshold: Patty states that 35% of human
subjects exposed experimentally to iaopropylether "ob-
jected to the unpleaant odor of this 110lvent at a vapor
concentrati,Jn of 300 ppm."
2. Irritation Level: Patty states that "Silverman et al.
reponed 1h11t humana exposed to a vapor concentration
of 500 ppm :'sopropyl ether for 15 minutes while watch•
ing a movie noted no irritating properties .... At 800
ppm for 5 ntinutcs moat subjecU reponed irritation of
the eyes and nose, and the moat sensitive reponed
respiratory clisc:omfon."
3. Evaluadon of Warning Properties: Through its
odor and irritant effects. iaopropylether can be detected
at or slightly above the permiuible exposure limit.
For the purposes of this guideline. therefore. isopropy-
lether is treated as a material with good warning
propenies.
•
MONITORING AND MEASUREMENT
PROCEDURES
• General
Measurements to determine employee exposure are best
taken so that the average eight-hour exposure is based
on a single eight-hour sample or on two four-hour
samples. Several shon-time interval samples (up 10 30
minutes) may also be used to determine the average
exposure level. Air samples should be taken in the
employee's breathing zone (air that would most nearly
represent that inhaled by the employee).
• Method
Sampling and analyses may be performed by collection
of vapors using an adsorption lube with subsequent
desorption with carbon disulfide and gas chromatogra-
phic analysis. Also, detector tubes ceniticd by NIOSH
under 42 CFR Part 84 or other direct-reading devices
calibrated to measure isopropylether may be used. An
analytical method for isopropylether is in the N/OSH Manual of Analytical Methods. 2nd Ed., Vol. 3, 1977,
available from the Government Printing Office, Wash-
ington. O.C. 20402 (GPO No. 017-033-00261-4).
RESPIRATORS
• Good industrial hygiene practices recommend that
engineering controls be used to reduce environmental
concentrationa to the permissible exposure level. How-
ever, there are some exceptions where respirators may
be used 10 control exposure. Respirators may be used
when engineering and work practice controls are not
technically feasible, when such controls are in the
process of being installed. or when they fail and need to
be supplemented. Respirators may also be used for
operations which require entry into tanks or cloaed
vessels, and in emergency situations. If the use of
respirators is necessary, the only respirators permined
are those that have been approved by the Mine Safety
and Health Administration (former! y Mining Enforce-
ment and Safeiy Administration) or by the National
Institute for Occupational Safety and Health.
• In addition 10 respirator selection, a complete respira-
tory protection program should be instituted which
includes regular training, maintenance, inspection,
cleaning, and evaluation.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
• Employees should be provided with and required to use impervious clothing, gloves, face shields (eight-inch
minimum), and other appropriate protective clothing necessary to prevent repeated or prolonged skin e-0ntact
with liquid isopropylether.
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4.
5.
6.
7.
_Cartr1ge/Canister or
Mask Change
Boots.Gloves and Outer Garment
Removal
Respirator Removal
Field wash
•
If worker leaves work zone to change cartridge/canister or mask, this is last step in the decon procedure. Worker's cartridges/canister is ex-change, outer gloves and boots are donned, joints taped and worker returns to work zone.
8oots,chem1cal splash suit(if worn),tyvek suits.inner gloves removed and deposited in separate containers lined in plastic.
Respirator is removed. Avoid touching face with fingers. Respirators sh<>Yld be placed plastio bags and cleaned
Hands,aras and face
thOroughly washed.
soon as possible.
Page 2
are to be
Shower as
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• ANNEX 3
LEVEL C DECONTAMINATION
'
A, EQUIPMENT WORN
The full decontam1nat1on procedure outlined 1s for workers wear1ng
Level C protect1on (w1th taped jo1nts between gloves, boots, and
su1t) cons1st1ng of:
-One-p1ece, hooded, chemical-res1stant splash suit,
. Can1ster equ1pped, full-face mask,
-Hard hat, -
-Chem1cal-res1stant, steel toe and shank boots •.
-Boot covers.
-Inner and outer gloves,
B. PROCEDURE FOR FULL DECONTAMINATION
Station 1: Segregated Equipment Drop
Deposit equipment used on-site (tools, sampling devices ariG containers,
monitoring instruments, radios, clipboards, etc,) on plastic drop
cloths or in different containers with plastic liners. Each will be
contaminated to a different degree. Segregation ~t the drop reduces
the probability of cross-contamination.
Equipment: various size containers
.plastic liners
plastic drop cloths
Station 2: Boot Cover and Glove Wash
Scrub outer boot covers and gloves with decon solution or detergent/
water.
Equipment: container (20-30 gallons)
decon solution
or
detergent water
2-3 long-handle, soft-bristle scrub brushes
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Station 3: Boot Cover and Glove Rlnse •
Rinse off decon solution from Station 2 using copious amounts of 11ater. Repeat as many times as necessary. ·
Equipment: container (30-50 gallons)
or
high-pressure spray unit
water
2-3 long-handle, soft bristle scrub brushes
Station 4: Tape Removal
qemove tape around boots and gloves and deposit in container with ~lastic liner.
Equipment: container (20-30 gallons)
plastic liners
Station 5: Boot Cover Removal
Remove boot covers and deposit in container with plastic liner.
Equipment: container (30-50 gallons)
plastic liners
bench or stool
Station 6: Outer Glove Removal
Remove outer gloves and deposit in container with plastic liner.
Equipment: container (20-30 gallons)
plastic liners
Station 7: Suit/Safety Boot Wash
Thoroughly wash splash suit and safety boots. Scrub with long-handle, soft-bristle scrub brush and copious amounts of decon solution or detergent/water. Repeat as many times as necessary,
Equipment: container (30-50 gallons)
decon solution
or
detergent/water
2-3 long-handle, soft-bristle scrub brushes
Station 8: Suit/Safety Boot Rinse
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Rinse off
of water.
• decon solution or detergent/water using Repeat as many times as necessary.
Equipment: container (30-50·gallons)
or
high-pressure spray unit water
copious amounts
2-3 long-handle, soft-bristle scrub brushes
Station 9: Canister or Mask Change
If worker leaves Exclusion Zone to change canister (or mask), this is the last step in the decontamination procedure. Worker's canister is exchanged, new outer gloves and boots covers donned, and joints taped. Worker returns to duty.
Equipment: canister (or mask)
tape
boot covers
gloves
Station JO: Safety Boot Removal
Remove safety boots and deposit in container with plastic liner.
Equipment: container (30-50 gallons) plastic liners
bench or stool
boot jack
Station 11: Splash Suit Removal
With assistance of helper, rem9ve splash suit, Deposit in container with plastic 1 iner.
Equipment: container (30-50 gallons)
bench or stool
liner
Station 12: Inner Glove Wash
Wash inner gloves with decon solution or detergent/water that will not harm skin. Repeat as many times as necessary.
Equipment: decon solution
or
detergent/water
basin or bucket
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~.tation 13: Inner Glove Rinse
~inse inner gloves with wdter. Repedt dS many times as necessary.
Equipment: wdter
basin or bucket
small table
Station 14: Facepiece Removal
llemove facepiece. Avoid touching face with gloves. Deposit facepiece in container with plastic liner.
Equipment: container (30-50 gallons) plastic liners
Station 15:· Inner Glove Removal
Remove inner gloves and deposit in container with plastic liner.
Equipment: container (20-30 gallons) plastic 1 iners
Station 16: Inner Clothing Removal
Remove clothing soaked with perspiration. plastic liner. Do not wear inner clothing a possibility small amounts of contaminants transferred in removing splash suite.
Equipment: container (30-50 gallons)
plastic liners
Station 17: Field Wash
Place in container with
off-site since there is might have been
Shower if highly toxic, skin-corrosive are known or suspected to be present. is not available.
or skin-absorbable materials Wash hands and face if shower
Equipment: water
soap
tables
wash basins/buckets
field showers
Station 18: Redress
Put on clean clothes. A dressing trailer is needed in inclement weather.
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2
3
4
Equipment: tdbles
chairs
lockers
clothes
•
C. FULL DECONTAMINATION (SIT. 1) AND THREE MODIFICATIONS
STATION NUMBER
I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
X X X X X X X X X
X X X X X X
X X X X
15 16 17 18
X X X X
X X X
Situation l: The individual entering the Contamination Reduction Corridor
1s observed to be grossly contaminated or extremely skin corrosive substances
are known or suspected to be present.
Situation 2: Same as Situation l except individual needs new canister or
mask and will return to Exclusion Zone.
Situation 3: Individual entering the CRC is expected to be minimally
contaminated. Extremely skin-corrosive materials are not present. No
outer gloves or boot covers are worn. Inner gloves are not contaminated.
Situation 4: Same as Situation 3 except individual needs new canister or
mask and will return to Exclusion Zone.
AJ-5
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EXCLUSION
ZONE
0UT1R OLOVI TA,t IOOT COVIii • QLOVI WIJN RIWOVAI. RIWOVAI.
IIORIQAT'IO
IOUIPWUff
OAO,
-·--•-•--·-·
e.lHIITtR OA
lot.UK O<AHOI
CONTAMINATION
REDUCTION
ZONE
1'111.0
WIJN
IOOT COVIii
ROIOVAI.
•-•-•-•-•-•-•-•-•·HOT\JHI••-
IUIT 11.lJflTY IOOT WUH
IUITIUIITY IOOT
RINI■
LUITY IOOT
R!MOYAI.
SPUIH IUIT
R!MOYAI.
IHHIII OLOVI
WIJN
INNlll OLOVI
RINII
JfACI JfllCI
RIWOVAI.
IHNIII OLOVI
UMOV.U.
INNIII CLO~INQ
RIMOVAI.
01C0NTAMINATION UYOl/1'
I.IVIL C JfAOTICTION
JflOUAI ~I
CONT.lMINATION'--•-•-•--e-•-•-•-•-COHTROf. UHi
p-----,11 Rl0Alll
AJ-6
SUPPORT
ZONE
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• ANNEX 2
LEVEL B DECONT~MINATION
A. El)JIPMENT I/ORN
The full decontamination procedure outlined is for workers wearing Level B protection (with taped joints between gloves, boot, and suit) consisting of:
-One-piece, hooded, chemical-resistant splash suit.
Self-contained breathing apparatus.
-Hard hat.
-Chemical-resistant, steel toe and shank boots.
-Boot covers
Inner and outer gloves.
B. PROCEDURE FOR FULL DECONTAMINATION
Station 1: Segregated Equipment Drop
Deposit equipment used on-site (tools, sampling devices and containers, monitoring instruments, radios, clipboards, etc.) on plastic drop cloths or in different containers with plastic liners. Each will be contaminated to a different degree. Segregation at the drop reduces the probability of cross-contamination, ·
Equipment: vari9us size containers
plastic liners
plastic drop cloths
Station 2: Boot Cover and Glove Wash
Scrub outer boot covers and gloves with decon solution or detergent/ water.
Equipment: container (20-30 gallons)
decon solution
or
detergent water
2-3· long-handle, soft-bristle scrub brushes
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Station 3: Soot Cover and Glove Rinse •
Rinse off decon solution from Station 2 using copious amounts of water. Repeat as many times as necessary. ·.
Equipment: container (30-50 gallons)
or
high-pressure spray unit
water
2-3 long-handle, soft-bristle scrub brushes
Stition 4: Tape Removal
Remove tape around boots and gloves and deposit in container with pldstic liner.
Equipment: container (20-30 gallons)
plastic liners
Station 5: Boot Cover Removal
Remove boot covers and deposit in container with plastic liner.
Equipment: container (30-50 gallons)
plastic liners
bench or stool
Sta1:ion 6: Outer Glove Removal
Remove outer gloves and deposit in container with plastic liner.
Equipment: container (20-30 gallons
plastic liners
Station 7: Suit/Safety Boot Wash
Thoroughly wash chemical-resistant splash suit, SCBA, gloves, and safety boots. Scrub with long-handle, soft-bristle scrub brush and copious amounts of decon solution or detergent/water. Wrap SCBA regulator (if belt-mounted type) with plastic to keep out wate1·. Wash backpack assembly with sponges or cloths.
Equipment: container (30-50 gallons)
decon solution
or
detergent/water
2-3 long-handle, soft-bristle scrub brushes small buckets
sponges or cloths
A2-2
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• Station 8: Suit/SCBA/Boot/Glove Rinse
Rinse off decon solution or det~rgent/water using copious amounts of water. Repeat as many times as necessary.
Equipment: container (30-50 gallons)
Station 9:
or
nigh-pressure spray unit
water
small buckets
2-3 long-handle, soft-bristle sponges or cloths
Tank Change
scrub brushes
If worker leaves Exclusion Zone to change air tank, this is the last step in the decontamination procedure. Worker'.s air tank is exchanged, new outer gloves and boots covers donned, and joints taped. Worker returns to duty.
Equipment: air tanks
tape
boot covers
gloves
Station 10: Safety Boot Removal
Remove safety boots and deposit in container with plastic liner. _
Equipment: container (30-50 gallons)
plastic liners
bench or stool
boot jack
Station 11: SCBA Backpack Removal
While still wearing facepiece, remove backpack and place on table. Disconnect hose from regulator valve and proceed to next station.
Equipment: table
Station 12: Splash Suit Removal
With assistance of helper, remove splash suit. Deposit in container with plastic liner.
Equipment: container {30-50 gallons)
plastic liners
bench or stool
A2-3
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Station 13: Inner Glove Wash
Wash inner gloves with decon solution or detergent/water that will not harm skin. Repeat as many times as necessary.
Equipment: decon solution
or
detergent/water
basin or bucket
small table
Station 14: Inner Glove Rinse
Rinse inner gloves with water. Repeat as many times as necessary.
Equipment: water
basin or bucket
small table
Station 15: Facepiece Removal
Remove facepiece. Avoid touching face with gloves. Deposit in container with plastic liner.
[quipment: container (3D-50 gallons)
plastic liners
Station 16: Inner Glove Removal
Remove inner gloves and deposit in container with plastic liner.
E,iuipment: container (20-30 gallons)
plastic liners
Station 17: Inner Clothing Removal
Remove clothing soaked with perspiration. Place in container with plastic liner. Do not wear inner clothing off-site since there is a possibility small amounts of contaminants might have been transferred in removing fully encapsulating suit.
Eq11ipment: container (30-50 gallons)
plastic liners
Station 18: Field Wash
Shower if highly toxic, skin-corrosive, or skin-absorbable materials are known or suspected to be present. Wash hands and face if shower is not available.
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4
Equipment: water
soap
small tables
basins or buckets
field showers
Station 19: Redress
•
Put on clean clothes. A dressing trailer is needed in inclement weather.
Equipment: tables
cha i rs
lockers
clothes
C. FULL DECONTAMINATION {SIT. l) AND THREE MODIFICATIONS
l
X
X
X
X
STATION NUMBER
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
X X X X X X X X
X X X X X X X X
X X X
Situation 1: The individual entering the Contamination Reduction Corridor 1s observed to be grossly contaminated or extremely toxic substances are known or suspected to be present.
X
X
Situation 2: Same as Situation 1 except individual needs new air tank and will return to Exclusion Zone.
A2-5
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X
X
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S1tu.stion 3: Individual entering the CRC is expected to be m1nimal ly contsminated. Extremely toxic or skin-corrosive materials are not present No outer gloves or boot covers are wor:11. Inner gloves are not :ontaminated.
S1tu~tion 4: Same as Situation 3 except 1nd1vidual needs new air tank ano,;\ \ \ return to Exclusion Zone.
EXCLUSION
ZONE
SIOOIQATIO
IOUIPMlNT
CROP
-•--·--·--·-I~·-.-·-·-·-·-I -·-•·HOTllNI• ·-
TlNI( CHANQI t ..... ---,
CONTAMINATION
REDUCTION
ZONE
-·--·-•-·-·-·
,iru,
WAtlt
SUIT/SAFlT'Y 100T
W.UH
SUIT iSCIA/900TIOL0VI ., ....
SMITY IOOT
AlMOVAL
SCIA UCICPACX
AIMOVAL
sPU.SH SUIT
AIMOVAL
INNl!I OLOVI
WAIH
,ACI PIICI
AIMOVAL
INNIA OLOVI
AIMOVAL
INNU CLOTHING
AIMOVAI.
OICONTAMINATION LAYOUT LIVIL I PAOnCTION ,iau•• .u-1
·-•-·-•--·-·-eoNTAMIN4T10N_._
CONTROL UNI
i---.r11 AIOAIU
A2-6
SUPPORT
ZONE
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•
ANNEX l
LEVEL A DECDNfAMINAtION
A. E 00 I PM ENT ~ORN
The ful I decontamination procedure outlined is for workers wearing Level A protection (with taped joints between gloves, boots, and suit) consisting of:
. Fully encapsulating suit.
Self-contained breathing apparatus.
. Hard hat (optional).
. Chemical-resistant, steel toe and shank boots.
Boot cove rs.
Inner and outer gloves.
B. PROCEDURE FOR FULL DECONTAMINATION
Station 1: Segregated Equipment Drop
Deposit equipment used on-site (tools, sampling devices and containers, monitoring instruments, radios, clipboards, etc.) on plastic drop cloths or in different containers with plastic liners. Each will be contaminated to a different degree. Segregation at the drop reduces the probability of cross-contamination.
Equipment: various size containers
plastic liners
plastic drop cloths
Station 2: Boot Cover and Glove Wash
Scrub outer boot covers and gloves with decon solution or detergent/ water.
Equipment: container (20-30 gallons)
decon solution
or
detergent water
2-3 long-handle, soft-bristle scrub brushes
Al-1
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• s·:ation 3: Soot Cover and Glove Rinse
Rinse off decon.solution from Station 2 usin9 copious amounts of
w,1ter. Repeat as many times as necessary. '
Equipment: container (30-50 gallons)
or
high-pressure spray unit
water
2-3 long-handle, soft-bristle scrub brushes
Station 4: Tape Removal
Remove tape around boots and gloves and deposit in container with
plastic liner.
Equipment: container (20-30 gallons)
plastic liners
Station 5: Soot Cover Removal
Remove boot covers and deposit in container with plastic liner.
Equipment: container (30-50 gallons)
plastic liners
bench or stool
Station 6: Outer Glove Removal
Remove outer gloves and deposit In container with plastic liner.
Equipment: container (20-30 gallons)
plastic liners
St~tlon 7: Suit/Safety Boot Wash
Tl,Jroughly wash fully encapsulating suit and boots. Scrub suit
an,j boots with long-handle, soft-bristle scrub brush and copious
am,iunts of decon solution or detergent/water. Repeat as many
times as necessary,
Equipment: container (30-50 gallons)
decon solution
or
detergent/water
2-3 long-handle, soft-bristle scrub brushes
Al-2
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Station 8: Suit/Safety Boot Rinse
Rinse off decon solution or d'etergent/water using copious amounts of water. Repeat as many times as necessary.
Equipment: container (30-50 gallons)
or
high-pressure spray unit
water
2-3 long handle, soft-bristle scrub brushes
Station 9: Tank Change
If worker leaves Exclusion Zone to change air tank, this is the last step in the decontamination procedure. Worker's air tank is exchanged, new outer gloves and boots covers donned, and joints taped. Worker then returns to duty.
Equipment: air tanks
tape
boot covers
gloves
Station 10: Safety Boot Removal
Remove safety boots and deposit in container with plastic liner.
Equipment: container (30-50 gallons)
plastic liners
bench or stool
boot jack
Station 11: Fully Encapsulating Suit and Hard Hat Removal
With assistance of helper, remove fully encapsulating suit (and hard hat). Hang suits on rack or lay out on drop cloths.
Equipment: rack
drop cloths
bench or stool
Station 12: SCBA Backpack Removal
While still wearing facepiece, remove backpack and place on table. Disconnect hose from regulator valve and proceed to next station.
Equipment: table
Al-3
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Stition 13: Inner Glove Wash
Wash with decon solution or detergent/water t'hat w-ill not hum skin. Repeat as many times as necessary .
Equipment: basin or bucket
decon solution
or
detergent/water
small table
Sti,tion 14: Inner Glove Rinse
Rinse with water. Repeat as many times as necessary.
Equipment: water basin
basin or bucket
smal 1 table
Station 15: Facepiece Removal
Remove facepiece. Deposit in container with plastic liner. Avoid touching face with fingers.
Equipment: container (30-50 gallons)
plastic liners
Sta~ion 16: Inner Glove Removal
Remove inner gloves and deposit in container with plastic liner.
Equipment: container (20-30 gallons)
plastic liners
Station 17: Inner Clothing Removal
Remove clothing soaked with perspiration. Place in container with plastic liner. Inner clothing should be removed as soon as possible since there is a possibility that small amounts of contaminants might have been transferred in removing fully encapsulating suit.
Equipment: container (30-50 gallons)
plastic liners
Station 18: Field Wash
Show,ir if highly toxic, skin-corrosive or skin-absorbable materials a re !mown or suspected to be present. Wash hands and face if shower is nllt available.
Al-4
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2
3
4
Equipment: water
soap
sma 11 table
basin or bucket
field shOwers
towels
Station 19: Redress
•
Put on clean clothes. A dressing trailer is needed in inclement weather,
Equipment: tables
chairs
lockers
clothes
C, FULL DECONTAMINATION (SIT. 1) ANO THREE MODIFICATIONS
l
X
X
X
X
STATION NUMBER
2 3 4 5 6 7 B 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
X X X X X X X X
X X X X X X X X
X X X
Situation 1: The individual entering the Contamination Reduction Corridor is observed to be grossly contaminated or extremely toxic substances are known or suspected to be present,
X
X
Situation 2: Same as Situation l except individual needs new air tank and w111 return to Exclusion Zone.
Al-5
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Situation 3: Individual entering contaminated. Extremely toxic or present. No outer gl aves or boot not contaminated.
• the CRC is expected to be minimally skin-corrosive materials are not covers are worn. Inner gloves are
Situation 4: Same as Situation 3 except individual needs new air tank and will return to Exclusion Zone.
EXCLUSION
ZONE
01/T"ER GLOV1! TAP!
BOOT COVEi • GLOVE WASH REMOVA,l. REMOVAL
-·•--•--·--·-·
TANK CH:\NGE t ~----,
CONTAMINATION
REDUCTION
ZONE
-••-·-•--·-·--·-·
Fln.D
WASH
SEGREGATED
EOUIPMEHT
ORO~
•-•-•-•-•-•-•-•-HOnJNI -•
SUIT/SAFETY BOOT
WASH
SUIT/SAFETY BOOT
RINSI
SAFETY 900T
REMOVAL
FVUY ENCAPSUI.ATINO SUIT ANO HA.RD HAT REMOVAi.
SCBA BACXPACX
REMOVAL
INNER: GLOYI
WASH
INNl!R GLOVI
RINSI
INN[R QlOVI
REMOVAL
INNtll CLOTHING
REMOVAL
OECONTA.MINAT10N UYOUT
I.E{U A PROTECTION
FIQUAI AM
CONTAMINATION •-•---•--•-•-•-CONTROL UNI
1----J,t REDRESS
Al-6
SUPPORT
ZONE
-•·
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I APPENDIXB
DECONTAMINATION PROCEDURES
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DECONTAMINATION PROCEDURES
MODIFIED LEVEL C
l.
2.
::s.
4.
5.
EquiPfflent Drop
Outer Garment.Boots,
and Gloves Wash and Rinse
outer Boots and Glove Removal
Outer Garment Removal
Field Wash
Level c Decont-ination
l.
2.
::s •
outer ea.rNnt,Boots,
and Gloves lilasl\ and Rinse
Outer Boots,Glove
Re111oval
Deposit equipment used on-site (tools.monitoring instruments) on plastic drop cloths.Segreg-ation at the drop reduces the probability of cross contam-ination.
Scrub outer boots.outer gloves and splash suit(if worn) with decon solution or detergent wash water. Rinse off usin<J large amounts of water.
Remove outer boots and gloves. Deposit desposables in a con-tainer wi tn plastio liner. ..
Tyvek Coverall,inner gloves are removed and deposited in a plastio lined container.
Hands,arms and face are to be thoroughly washed. Shower as soon as possible.
Equip-nt used on-site place on plaatio dr09 cloths. Separation at tl'le drop redUces tl\e-proba.bility of cross con-tamination.
Scrub outer bOOts,outer gloves and splash suit(if worn)with decon solution or detergent water. Rinse off with large amounts of water.
Rea,ove outer bOots and 9loves. Deposit de9P()S&bln in con-tainer with plastic liner
Page 1
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APPENDIXC
OPERATION AND FIELD MANUAL FOR THE HNU PID
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1.0
Page l of 6
Date 1st Otr. l 9~6 Revision: 2
Date: 10;8/~7
STA;"o'DARD OPERAIJ:"/G PROCEDl'RES
Title: Operation/Calibration HNU Photoionization Analyzer
GE;','ERAL APPLICABILITY
This SOP describes the operation and t~chniques used for the :.1odel: Pl 10 l
Photoionization Analyzer, manufactured by HNU Systems, Inc. This instrument has
been adjusted to measure organic vapor levels. There are three direct reading ranges:
0-2 ppm, 0-20 ppm. 0-200 ppm at a minimum gain. The detection limit is 0.1 ppm. The
response is less than 5 seconds to 90% of full scale. The Pl 101 is capable of operating
either from a rechargeable battery for more than 10 hours or continuously from the AC
battery charger .
2.0 RESPONSIBILIIIES
2.1 The Health and Safety Officer or his/her designee will be responsible for
the calibration. operation and maintenance of the instrument.
2.2 The Health and Safety Officer or his/her designee will be responsible for
the documentation which applies to the various procedures performed
with the instrument.
3.0 SUPPORTING MATERIALS
3.1 Traceable span gas cylinder
3.1.1 n-Hexane
3.1.2 1.3 Butadiene
3.2 Tedlar Bags
3.3 Tubing used for gas transferred from cylinder 10 oag.
3.4 AC Battery Charger
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4.0
Page 2 of 6
Date 1st Otr. 1986 Revision: 2
Date: 10/8/87
STANDARD OPERATl;\'G PRQCEQCRES
Title; Operation/Calibration HNU Photoionization Analyzer
METHODS QR PROTOCOL FOR USE
Standard Procedure
4. 1. 1 Operation and calibration of the instrument should be done in
a controlled environment; Le~ in the office, interior of a vehicle,
etc. This is done in order to control working temperature and
to protect from vehicle exhaust, etc.
4.1.2
4.1.3
4.1.4
The probe nozzle, electrode case handle and cable are stored
within the instrument cover. To assemble, the handle muse be
screwed to the opposite end of the electrode casing. The 12 pin
coMector at the end of the cable must then be attached to the
rest of the unit by twisting it downwards until a distinct snap
and lock is felt. The unit is now ready to be used.
Prior to calibration or use of the instrument, the unit shou!J be
allowed to warm up. In this time, check to see.if the LV li~ht
source is working. DO NOT LOOK DIRECTLY . .i. T THE
LIGHT SOURCE. Also, check to see if the intake is "orking
properly. It is within the electrode casing and will give off :i
distinct hum when the unit is turned on.
Check 10 make sure the level of charge is high enough c,i ensure
accurate readings. When the instrument is switched to che
Battery Check position, the needle should deflect up,c:.ile tu
well within the green area (battery level) on the fa.:e of the
meter. If not, the unit should be charged using the AC ,·har5er.
A 3-hour charge will bring the unit up to 90% full charge. With
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Page 3 or 6
Date 1st Qtr. 1986 Revision: 2
Date: 10/8/87
STA,"DARD OPE&\TISG PROCEDl'RES
Title: Operation/Calibration HNU Photoionization Analyzer
continuous use, (e.g., unit left on a full dav). the unit ;hould be
recharged overnight for 10-14 hours.
caHbration and Maintenance
4.2.1
4.2.2
4.2.J
Calibration should be done at the beginning of each day the
instrument is used, to ensure accurate readings over the full
range of scale that is to be needed (One cylinder containing n•
Hexane or l,J-Butadiene of a known concentration of
calibration gas).
The instrument should be zero'd before and after each
calibration. To zero the instrument, turn the function switch to
the standby position and rotate the zero adjustment knob until
the meter reads zero (wait for a stable response and then adjust
the zero adjustment knob until a zero reading is obtained).
Actual calibration is done by fint filling an evacuated Tedlar
Bag with n-Hexane or t.3-Butadiene calibration gas. This is
done by coMecting to the outlet side of the regulator on the
calibration gas cylinder a flexible hose and the other ;ide
connected to the inlet valve of the Tedlar bag. Fill bag. Be
absolutely sure the Tedlar bag has been evacuated before filling
it with gas. Otherwise the calibration gas will be diluted and its
concentration will not be know.
The appropriate analyzer scale (0-20) shall be used on the
known concentration of n-Hexane or l.J-Butadiene calibra11on
gas. Attach the probe nozzle to the Tedlar bag and allow it to
sample the gas until a stable, unchanging reading is reported bv
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Page 4 of 6
Date !st Qtr. l 986 Revision: 2 Date: 10/8/87
STA,'IJDARP OPERATING PROCEPliRES
Title: Operation/Calibration HNL' Photoionization Analyzer
4.J
4.2.5
the analyzer. Adjust the span control knobs so that th~
instrument reading agrees exactly with the concentration of the
calibration gas. Whenever the span setting is changed, th~
zeroing procedure (section 4.2.2) should be repeated.
All calibration checks must be documented on appropriate
forms.
Standard Qgcratlon
4.3.1
4.3.2
4.3.3
After the instrument is fully calibrated it is ready to be used.
To obtain the most accurate reading. use the O • 20 scale. To
analyze a sample, the probe nozzle should be placed at the ( 1)
breathing zone and (2) the ground zone (about knee high)
taking care not to contaminate the probe with any materials.
All reading should be documented on the appropriate forms.
Meter calibration should be checked by methods in 4.2 at the
end of the day and any appropriate changes made and
documented. This check should be done periodically.
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Page S of 6
Date I st Otr. I 986 Revision: 2
Date: 10/8/87
STANDARD OPERATING PROCEQL'.B,ES
Title: Operation/Calibration HNU Photoionization Analyzer
s.o DOCUMENTATION
5.1 Field/Lab Equipment Status Forms
5.2 HNU Pl 101 Recalibration Form Rev. 1
5 .3 All documentation shall be retained in project files.
6.0 REFERENCES
Instruction Manual for Pl 101 Photoionization Analyzer, printed by H1',1J Systems, Inc. 1975.
Standard Operating Procedure, Title: Operation/Calibration HNU Photoionization Analyzer, Date: 1st Qtr. 1984, Number: 7315, Revision I.
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Page 6 of 6
Date 1st Qtr. 1986 Revision: 2
Date: 10/8/87
STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDL'.B,ES
Title: Operation/Calibration HNU Photoionization Analyzer
HNU Pl 101 RECALIBRATION FORM SN: -----
Project Name/No. _____ _ Recalibration Date _I _I_
Tune ____________ _
By Who...._ _________ _
Calibration Gases: Cylinder ID Number · Concentration l.. ___________________ ppm
2. ppm Where Recalibrated:. ______________________ _
(Office, Field Lab)
Battc:ry Check: (Y,N) __
Zero Adjust: (Y .N) __
First Calibration:
Span Setting: Initial ---Final __ _
Recharge TI.Dle:. ________ hrs
Designated Readin _______ ppm
Observed Readin ppm
Post Span Observed Readin&,..... __________ ppm .. :-
Post Calibration Zero Adjust: (Y,N) __ _
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L: .'✓ $£':" .. !=Y ,,,o,c1orc,:r .. ,c~~ ,,eo,
AlAl'I"' SE'T SWITCM
ANO A0JUSTMENT iO?TIONAll POWE,:r CFF
'
,o
,, .... 01• 0 · lerA
0 · IC
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..._..-/---.:..... <•JNC"
ljtnu
isystems Inc.
photo• ionizer
model 1'1 101
12 "'"' '"'~!l'l,.C! co""'!c•oo IS!TWUN
Af400·JT u"IT ANO
CO"NECTOl'I t<EY sa .. ~011
sw,~
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INSTRUCT!O~ MANUAL
TRACE GAS ANALYZE?.
H'<U ~ODEL PI 101
H~U Systems, Inc.
160 Charlemont St.
Newton, MA 02161
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2
3
4
5
TABL~ or cn~rr~rs
? AG c ------------------------------------------------------------
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Equip~ent Description
OPERATION
2.1 Introduction/Unpackin~
2.2 Controls anrl Indicators
2.; Operating Procedures
2." Battery Charge
CALIB?.ATIO''.
3 • l
3 • 2
3. 3
; . ~
3. 3
Introduction
Analyzed Gas Cylinder
Probe
Procedure
Calibration Checkin~
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
4.1 Principl1 of Op1rati~n I,.: !J,iization Pot1ntials
~.3 Ionization S1n1itivity
4,4 Calibrat1d Prob11 and Selectivity
A,, 10,2 eV Probe
4,'l c,5 eV Probe
4,7 11,7 eV Probe
4,8 Equipment Description
MAINTENANCE
5,1 Introduction
5.2 UV Lamp and Ion Chamber Cleaning
5.3 Lamp Replacement
5,4 Lamp Size Chana•
5,5 Probe Di1a111mbly/As11mbly
5.~ Readout Disa111mbly/Assembly
1 -l
! -1
1 -1
2-1
3-1
3-1
3-3 ::-3
3-4
4-1
4-J
4-1
4-1
4-3
4-3
4-9
4-9
4-9
5-1
5-1
5-1
5-3
5-4
5-4 5-e
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D .1. .-·,; ' •• -.J •• ----------------------------------------------------------------
(.
i
~.l !~troduction
PARTS LISTS
i,l Introduction
APPEIIDIX
f.l Static Calibration
~.2 Calibration Checking with Isobutylene
0 .3 Cali~ration with Alternate Gas
8.4 Uncalibrated Operation
~.S Ioniiation Tables .,.7 l·.'arranty
~.: Publications List
7-1
.~ -~
E-5
~-7
3-0
f-i-12
E-2'•
6-27
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TITLE
-------------------------------------------------------------
I -3
2 -1
3-1
4-4
4-5
5-1
5-2
r,-1
i-1
7-2
e-2
8-10
Tr~cc Gas An~lyzer, O~erati,~ Coc~ition
,eseonsQ :or t~e Various Cl:raviolet La~"s
?robe Stora~e. Instru~ent Cover
Trace Gas Analyzer, Stored Conrlition
Controls and Indicators
Cali~ration Test Set-up
Tr~icnl C~li~ration Curves
Detection Process
Block Dia~ram Co~ponent Locatio~
!lock Diagram, Electrical Connections
Schematic, PI-101 Audible Alar~
Schematic Diagram, Model PI 101
Pro~e A~sembly
La~~ Housing Assembly
Readout A11e111bly
?over Supply PCB
P1rt1 Location, Probe Assembly
Part• Location, Readout Assembly
Parts Location, Other Items
Calibration Checking Set-up
Typical Output Curves, Analyzer vith 10.2 eV La~p,
Calibrated for Benzene
Recorder MountinB
1-5
• -!..
3-5
5-C,
5-7
7-o
7-7
8-li
9-lC
8-11
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------------------------------------------------------------
1-l
l -2
:-1
6-1
6-4
7-1
7-3
7-4
8-1
thru
.S-13
3-14
8-15
S~ec::ication Data
Equi?ment Size and Weight
Controls
Indicators and Displays
Relative Photoionization Sensitivities for Gases
Typical A?plications of Interchan~eable ?robes
Probe Application Examples
Troubleshootina Datft
Pad Data, Power Supply PCB
Pin Data, Amplifier PC3 P2/J2
Pin Data, Probe Cable, P3/J3
Pin Data, Alarm Cable, P6/Jn
Replace~ent Parts List
Replacement Parts List
Replacement Part• List
Part• List Accas1orie1
Parts List, Accessories
Ionization Potentials
Relative Photoioniz1tion
Gases to a 10.2 av Lamp
Relative Photoionization
Gases to a 11.7 eV Lacp
Relative Photoioniz1tion
Gases to a 9. 5 eV Lamp
Sensitivities of Various
Sensitivitias of Various
Sensitivities of Various
J -i
1-?
2-S
7-3
i-5
7-5
s-1::
[-21
S-24
s-:~
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T~e PI l~! is a no~-destructive
a"alyzcr; work in a hood if toxic or
~3zardous ~ases are used. tn the
interest of greater in~~rn~tional
a cc e p : a n c e t h e H:; t: : '. o c ~ l P I 1 r. l -! ,1:,
Photoionizer has been certified ty Sira
Safety SPrvices Lt:. to conform to
Article ·sr•!-3 of the Kational
Slectrical Code to be non-incendi~r~
for Class l Division •, Groups A, E, C
and D locations ~ffective July 25,
19~4.
SirA Approval fAPL/33/~L
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!~e followin~ warnin;s a~pear in this ~anual and are re~eatc~ ~ere for e~phasis.
Do not look at the light source from closer than 0 inches with unprotected eyes. Observe only briefly. Continued exposure to ultraviolet energy generated by the light source can be harmful to eyesight,
The in5trunent □easures gases in the vicinit~ of the operator and a hi~h readir.g when measurinR toxic or explosive ~ases should be cause for i~nediate action fnr safety.
Extre □e care □ust be taken in the handlin~ of gas cylinders. Contents are under hi~h pressure. In some cases, the contents may be hazardous. ~any gas suppliers will provide d3t8 sheets for the □ixture~ upon request.
~over opon the valve on a gas container without a re~ulator attached.
Turn the function switch on the control panel to the OFF position before disa11e~bly. Otherwise, hiJh voltase• of 1200 V DC, will be present,
~,e areat cara vhen operating the analyzer vith th• readout aaaembly outside its case du• to the preaence of 12CO V DC.
Be very careful to not• the toxic levels and the Lower Explosive Limits for personal safety, The PI 101 is a nondestructive analyzer and must be used in a hood vhen calibratir.s vith toxic or hazardous materials,
The PI 101 11 suitable for uses in Class I Division II ABCD areas exca~t when usinR charger or when using recorder,
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. i r · ,?C,:'LC7IO:-:
7~is ~an~~l describes ~~e o~c~~::a~, ~~i~tennncc a~~ p:rts
list for t~e Trn~e Gas : ... nulyz~r. ··c:el =r 1:,:, ~·:·· ~ys~~~s Inc.
ThP. Trace Gas Analyzer (see Fi;ure 1-1), is a porta~le
instru~ent used to rtetect, ~aasure, and rrovirte a dir~ct readin~
of the concentration of a vnricty of trace ~ases in ~any
indu5trial or plant at~osr~eres. The analy~er e~rlo•s the
princi,le of phntoionizatio~. T~is process invol•es tha
absor~tinn of ultra-,iolet li;ht (a photo~) bra ras ~olaculc
leadinr, to ionization:
pu + hv -->RH++ e-
in which
R !I a T r a c e ~ 11 s
hv a Photon with an energy level equal to or ~reater
than the ionization potential of p•t.
The sensor consists of a seale~ ultraviolet (CV) linht
source that c~its photons with an ener~y level high enour,h to
ionize ~any trace species, particularlv or~~nics, but not hich
enouch to ionize the ~ajor components ~fair, 02, ~:. CO, coi or
fJ 20.
A chamber exposed to the licht source contains a pair of
electrodes, one a bias electrode ann the soconn a collector
electrode. When a positive potential is applied to the bias
electode a field ii created in the chamber. Ions formed by the
ab1orption of photons are driven to the collector electrode.
The currant produced 11 then measured and the correspondinR
concentration d11pl1yed on a meter directly in parts per million
( p pr.i) •
To m1n1aize absorption or deco~position of sample sases, a
rapid flow of 1ampl1 9a1 ii maintained thru the ion chamber,
which is small, made of inert material and located at the
sampling point.
The analyzer con1i1t1 of a probe, a readout assembly, and a
battery charger. The probe contains the sensing and amplifying
circuitry: the readout assembly contains the mater, controls,
power sup~ly and rechar;eable battery. The analyzer will
operate fron the battery for more than 1~ hours or continuously
when connected to the battery char~er.
PAC-F. 1-1
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FIE.A0OUT
ASSEMBLY--✓
I \ \ \ ' \_ ---' _,
PFIOBE
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-..-----.. --...... ,. :..:-__ "":1_•.i..-1 L·.J., con:,
The PI 1:1 is desirced for use ~ith inter~hangeable pro~es ,,ich lJ:?S of different ecer2ies. 7he analyzer is rea~y for use si:ply by connecting the pro~e to the readout asse~bly, setti•= c ~-e pro per S? A'.'. po t v a 1 'J e , a"~ th~" zero in,; c ~ e u" 1 c . S ;, e c i f i ~ data is ~iven i• cha celi~racion =emo acco=~a~~i"~ each probe.
The sca•dard ?ro~o uses a 1~.1 er lamp. T~o O?tio~al probes use ~.5 a•d ll,7 er lamps. La~ps of different eV rati•gs, ion cham~er and amplifiers are not interchangeable bet..,een probes.
1!any applications make use of the principle that so=e compounds respond to the more energetic lamps and not to others, Figure 1-2 sho..,s the responses for the analyzer with each of the three lamps, Literature explainin~ several such applications is available from ll~U Systems Inc.
An optional audible alRrm is available givin~ an ES decibel signal ..,hen a set concentratinn is exceeded. The alarm settinc is variable and c~n be set from Oto 10n~ of full scale of the meter readinr. Po..,er .for the alarm is provided by the battery and rloes not si~nificantly affect the rated use time of the analyzer, The alarm is non-latching and is set by a screv adju~tment, preventing inadvertent chan~es.
~hen in the stored condition, the probe is contained in the instrument cover (see Figure 1-3) ..,hich attaches to the readout asse~bly to form a sin~le unit (see Fi~ure 1-4),
An optional recorder is available that can be directly attacherl to the readout assembly, It uses impact paper ~ith a 2'' wide chart and a speed of 2"/hour. The recorder is powered by the instrument batter) and provides hard copy of th~ data, The analyzer will operate for approxi=ately 4 hours vith the recorder attached, Mounting information and illustration is given in Section 8,
Specification deta on the analyzer is given in Table 1-1, Physical char1eteriatie1 of the equip~ent are given in Table 1-2.
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i c!
12
•
~11pon1t lor u,e V1riou1 Ultr1v101e1 Lampe
co
co,
11. 7 ti/
No reaoonn
A/kl"" ,C,
. 0,
crri1oro11111nn 1CCI •. CHCl,1
F orm1c Acid
For maid.,,.,.,.
11
Vi"Y' C~IOncte
><,S
A.1M1
10
FIGURE 1·2
Mt:rcapt1n1
•
n
H
0
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INSTRUMENT COVER
(FOR STORAGE OF
F'ROBE I
F'ROBE EXTENSION
F'ROBE
..
•
...
F'ROBI!
CABLE
0"-lE 'J'. .. :A•=rre:i
ru~N FA.sre ..... e:is
"'-0•1rec1 ll!Jt19e ol probe in r11;, '"'"""
11 not recommended du• to c•O'• •••'
lnttrument C0"9f may 1110 oe useo tor sro,,.,.,9
oarrery cna,r,er.
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STRAP
~
~.
•
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INSTRUMENT
COVER
i'IEAOOUT
ASSEMBLY
D
R
R
6
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TA3LE 1-1
S?ECIF!CATION DATA
'..a.~;, ratinr,
Audible alarr.,
low or hi;h licit
(optional)
b. Cl!ARACTE~ISTICS (see NOTE)
Detection Ran~e •
Minir.uc Detection Levtl ~
Maximum Sensitivity"
Repeatability"
Linear Range"
Response Time
Ambient Humidity
Operatina Temperature,
Ambient
Operatina Time on
Battery, continuous u•••
without HNU racordtr
with HNU recorder
(optional)
0 to 20, 2J("), 20,,:: ppm
(other ranges available on request)
lC.2 eV standard,
9.5 or 11.7 eV optional
:: S db at 3'
0.1 to 200C' ppm
(parts per million by volume)
j. l ppm
0 to 20 ppm FSO at SPA~■ r,r
(full scale deflection)
0 to 2 ppm FSD at SPAK ■ 0.0
+/-1% of FSD
O.l to 400 ppm
O. l to 2000 ppm
Less than 3 seconds to ~0~ of FSD
up to 00% RH (relative hu~idity)
-10 to 40 de,rea1 C.
Approximately 10 hours; at lower ttoparatures time is reduced due to effect of cold temperature on battery,
Approximately one half of normal
time
PAGE 1-7
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?echar~e ti~c fro~
f~ll discharr:e
:(ec!i~r;c current
3attery C~~rger ?o~er
\·.'hen equi~rec
and meas~ring
compounds and
Full rec~ar~e -1: to 1: hours
120 V AC, sin~le o!,ase, 50-E0 cycle,
1.5 Amps
with 1n.: eV Probe with SPA~ set at n.s
benzene. Values will vary for ocher • conditions.
PAGE 1-~
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l
C:·Janti:v
• •
Overall di~ensions
---------------------------------------------------------------
-
cc: (i~ches) Wei~rc,
k; (l~s.) \'oluc:e, cr:i2
(cu, fc,) Trace Gas 21\-.' X I 3 D X 2!.H 3 ~ (, 5 5 2 ' -Analyzer
( ~ I I~ X 5 3 /1 'J ( ~' : ) (••,:;)
( stored condition)
X '! 1/2)
Probe Asseei':::ly ( '3 Diaei X 2':,:L r, -

-
s ~-( ... .., ~ ( 2 1/2 X I I I /q { I • 2) (';,r,2) ~ ,., .\ s s er.: b 1 r : ! p X !2~ X 1 ,) • 5 : : ~ . : I ~ f"'. _-'.
:.e~ .. O\lt
.. . .. ( s I / I: X 5 3 /IS (7.:·) cr,.1~) X 6 I I : ) flattery Ch.ir~er I 0\-! X 12.7D X ~ L (.• • !, I 1 1. 3
with cord (4 X 5 X 3 1/2) (O.Cl) (C.('4)
PAGE 1-9
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: • 1
•
Unrac'.: =~~ instru~ent carefully. :he carton :;ill cc~:Ji~ t~e ho~si~;, s:raps, batt~ry c~ar:er. a~ditionnl pro~~s. rec~lator ac~ :v!inder if ordered, spare parts, surnli@~ Re: a ~anua!. 3e sure all ite~s are re~oved before discar:ir.g t,e carton.
Attac,ed to the instru~ent is a ~arranty card w,ic~ s,o~!~ be filled out co~pletely and returned to H~U Systens.
The controls and indicators are located on the front panel nf the readout a$Senblr (see ?i~ure ;-!) and are listed and descri~ed in Tables 2-1 and 2-1,
OPEIATI::G PROCEDURES
The followin~ procedures are to be userl in operating the analyzer:
a. Unclanp the cover from the nain readout assenbly.
h, Renove the inner lid fron the cover by pulling out the two fasteners.
c, Remove thr probe, handle and cable fron the cover. Attach the handle to the front part of the probe.
d. Connect the probe cahle plug to the I~ pin keyed soc!:et on the readout assembly panel. Carefully match the al1anment slot in the plug to the key in the connector. Screw down the probe connector until a distinct snap and lock ta felt.
e, Screw the probe extension into the probe end cap. The probe may be used without the extension if desired.
f. Set the SPA~ control for the probe being used (10.2, 9.5, or 11.7 eV) •• specified by the initial factory calibration or by subsequent calibrations.
Pt.GE 2-!
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ALAFIM SE'T SWITCH
ANO A0JUSTMENT 1OPTIONALI
10
5
=.l ·-~::-, :-:-: <
=·:-s.--=-~~
,,..NOISY O ,: .. :~
J · 200
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.:.:-
\ I •1.A•tri1
SIT
0 1----1,.;~c-,_:'-lc-:·.
h:nu
systems inc.
photo· ionizer
model Pl 101
made 1n U.S.A.
(i 6
1 2 ~IN INTEFIFACE
CONNECTOR BETWEEN
FIEA00'JT UNIT ANO
CONNECTOFI ~ev SENSOR
Sw\.i"'.":-
zc:.-
~0.!1.;~-... ~
--..--... --' ... -
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?osition
----------------------------------------------------------------
ZEl:O
OFF
!lATT
(battery check)
STAKDBY
11-2000
0-20
---
NOTF.: See Figure 1-1 fnr locations,
Controls the operation of
the analyzer
All operations or~
Checks the condition of
the battery, If the ~eter
needle is in the
rreen arc, th~ b~ttery is
c~ar;~c. If not th~
batt~ry shoulc br.
rechar~ed. Churgin; can be
done in any position, best
in OFF; see directions on
charger,
All electronics o::,
ultraviolet (l'I'} li~ht
source OFF. This position
conserves power and extends
battery life, This
position is used to set the
analyzer zero position.
(i.e. no 1'\' light, no
sir,r.al)
Sets ran~• of ~eter at
0-200" ppm.
Sets ran~e of !!leter at
0-2•'" .... , ppm.
Sets ran~• of ~eter at o-:o pp!!I,
With the function switch in
STANPBY position, this
potentiometer is used to
adjust the reading to zero.
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TA5L! 2-1 con:.
HI-VOLTAG!
ALAR!i SET
(optional)
Open
Closerl
SOT£: See Figure 2-1 for locations.
PAGE 2-L
•
This vernier potentiometer
is used to set the 6 ain of
t~e a~plifier to give direct readings of the
trJce gas concentrations
in ppn. The whole number
of the setting appears in the window of the contro:,
decimcl appears on the
dial, A lock secures it at a specific setting.
This is a nor~ally open microswitch,
Switch is open when cable
not connected, disconnecting
hi~h voltaRe for the UV laap fron the 12 pin connector
as a safety precaution.
Switch is eutomstically
closed when the cable is attached.
This switch may also be
closed manually during
maintenance checks
of the readout assembly
without the probe cable
attached.
Potentiometer with screw-driver adjustment.
Turns the audible alarm ON or OFF and.sets the pp~
level at which the alarm
sounds. If alaro is low
licit, it sounds when
oeasured ppm falls below
this value. If alarm is
high lioit it sounds when
neasured pp~ exceeds this
value.
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ISOICA!ORS A'') ~IS?lAYS
Function
---------------------------------------------------------------
Low !attery Indicator Light
(red light)
(see NOT'.::)
1-:etcr ( see ~OTE)
Recorder (optional)
(see Figures 2-1 And R-3)
Illu~inates ~hen battery is
di~charged, indicztes need fer
recharge,
Do not use unit when this
l i ~ h t i s O ~! .
Readin~s ~ay be ta~en while
battery is beins rechar;e~.
Indicates concentration of
measured i:as,
Provides a record of readings
while analyzer operates
unattended.
Recorder inputs C to -5 V DC.
NOT~: See Figure 2-1 for location,.
PACE 1-5
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g, Turn tr.e fur1'tion switch to t'.e BATT (battery c~~cl:) ~osition. The needle on the ~eter ~ill ~o to the ~reen zone if che battery is f~lly charped. If the neeJle is below the green arc or 1f the Lo~ 3accery Iadic~tor co~~• on, the battery m~st be recharce1 be!ore the 3~~lyz~r is used. -
h, Set S?A~ pot to the desired value based on the gas to be used.
i. Turn the function switch to the STA~D2Y position, Turn the zero adjustment until the meter needle is at zero.
j. Calibrate the instrument daily as described in Section Cillibration on the selected o~eratin; ran;e is desiraole.
k. If equipped with optional alarm, set or check the alarm settin~ at the level desired. Turn the function switch to the desired ranRe, turn the zero adjustment control so the meter needle moves upscale thru the desired value. This simulates real conditions. Ob~erve the reading when the alarm sounds, Ad just the ALAr.:: SET, if required, withe screw driver, Turn the function switc~ to the STA~DBY position and reset the zero position (para. h. above), If the ran~e is to be chan~ed, the alarm must be re~et on that range.
1. To operate with optional recorder, cdd the recorder bracket (see Figure 8-3). Remove the plug in the analyzer case and insert power cord into the recorder, Then connect the siQnal leads to the appropriate jacks in the control module. The recorder is nov operational.
~OTE: r.anges must be marked on the chart as the recorder prints the meter displAJ as~ of Full Scnle.
m. Turn the function switch to the appropriate operating position. Start with the 0-2000 position and then switch to the more sensitive ranges. The UV light source should b• on, confirmed by briefly looking into the probe to observe e purple :lo~ from the lamp,
WARSI!!G
Do not look at the light source closer than ~ inches with unprotected eyes. Observe only if necessary, then only briefly, Continumd exposure to ultraviolet ener;y senerated by t~e liiht source can be har~ful to eyesisht.
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n. 7ha ~nalyzer is no~ o~~rational.
o. rold the ?robe so that c~e cxcecsion is at che ~oicc
,:here the ~easure~ent is to be ~a~e. T~e in!trune~:
=easures che concentrJtion by dr3~in~ the ;as in at the
cn1 ot t~e extension, through the ionization chamber,
and ouc the handle end of the probe.
\.I AP.NI :,G
Tl,e instru~ent me3sures gases in the
vicinity of the operator and a high re3dinR
when measuring toxic or explosive ~oses
should be cause for action for operator
safety.
p. Take the reading or reedin~s as desired tal:in~ into
account that air currents or drafts in the vicinity of
the probe tip ma; cause fluctu3tions in readings.
Change the ranges as required.
q. Check battery condition as rPquired. If the Low Battery
Indicator co~es on, turn analyzer off 3nd recharr,c.
-------CAllTIO!-! -------
Use only in an energency with a low batterr
when on battery charge.
P\GF. 2-7
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r. A!cer co~plecion of use, c~ec~ battery condition as ccscr1bed in para. c,
s. iur~ fw~::ion s~itch to OFF position.
c. :;~en not operatin~, leave analyzer in assembled condition, and connected to battery charger.
u, ~·hen transportin~, disassemble probe and extension from readout assembly and return equipment to its stored condition.
v, In case of emergency, turn function switch to arr position.
Check the battery charAe as described in parar,raph 2-3 R during each period of operation, ac lease once daily. If tho battery is lo~ as indicated by the meter readins or the warning indicator, it is necessary to recharge the battery.
To charge the battery, first insert the mini phone plug of the charser into the jack, Jf, on the side of the bezel adjacent to the noter. Then insert the charger plu~ into a 12° or 230 V AC single phase, 58-60 cycle outlet, To ensure that the char;or is functioning, turn the function switch, SI, to the battery check (BATT) position. The meter should deflect full scale if the charger is workina and connections properly made. For normal battery charRina, leave the function switch in the OFF position.
The analyzer can be operated, however, while recharging by turning the function 1vitch co the desired position. Such usage will extend the ti~• required co completely recharge the battery. The battery charaer i• not Div, II approved,
NOTE: On all Sira approved PI lOls it i, necessary co connect the probe assembly before turninc on tl1e instrument and re-charaing. Without following this procedure the instru~ent will not shov battery check,
PACE 2-3
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T~e ~I l~! .\~al)·zr: i~ ~es~:~e~ fer t:~:e ~~s ant!ys:s J~ !~~ie~t air a~j is c~li~rJtet ~c ~ -~-'-~t~ certifiej s:a~d~~~s a! ~enzene, vin~·l c~lorite a~d iso~~:~·le~c. Gt~~r ~~tional c~l ihra~~~-s are av•1·: ,~~e (•" a---~:-e•~·-1 ~~0 0•1·~~ ~~S ---.i.-.. c.; --·--•:-•• ···--• ...... <;; ••••• ·'-• -~' e:c.). Cali~:a:1~n data is ;i~e~ :n t~c :~:a s~eet. :~ a s;ecial c~lijr~:ion has been done, the d~ta is given in t~e Aoplicaticn :a:a Sheet, which not~s the sa~?le source, t,pe of calibration (see Section S, Appcncix), and ot'.er pertin~nt infori::aticn.
Good instru~entation practice calls for calibration on the species to be measured in the concentration ran~c to be used. This procedure assures the operator that the analyzer is operJting properly and will ~enerate reliable data. So-c ~encr~l points to con~ider ,·her. ca!i 1Jratin~ the PI !',\ are ti1~t the analvzer is desirned for operation a~~~Ent conditions and therefore the ~~s standards used for calibration should be delivered to the analyzer at a~bient te~peratures and pressure and at the proper flow rates.
--------The PI !~I is a non-destructive analyzer; cali~rations using toxic o~ haza~dous gases must ,e done in a ~ooc.
Tt,e frequency of calibration should be (!ct~ced by the u!~;c of the analyzer and th• toxicity uf cr.r specie! ceasured. If the analyzer has been ~erviced or rep~iret, calibr3tion shauld ,e dcne to verlfy operation and ~e:!c~~ance. It is reco~cended that calibration be checke~ freq·:crtlr at first (daily or every other d£y) and then re~ularl• bas~d on the confidence level developed.
The nori::al ~eter scaleplate is~ ca 2(. If the scaleplate is different, refer to the Application Data Sheet. If there are questions, con~ult the H~C representative te!orc proceedinr ~ith calibratic~ er.eek.
An accurate and reliable ~•thod of cnlitration check is to use an analyzed 1•• cJlinder in a test setup as sho~n in Fisure 3-1 and d11cribed below. Additional aa:erial on calibration is given in Section S, Appentix.
3.~ A~ALYZED GAS CYLIXDER
a. Concentration -Th• calibration sas cylinder is to contain the species of interest made up in 1n air matrix at or near the concentration to be analyzed. If the cooponent 11 unstable in air, another ~atrix is to be used. The final calibration ~ixt~re s~ould be similar to the sa~pl1 the PI !Cl ~ill analyze. If the expected concentration is not know~ then a co~centratio~ should be chosen that will cause a scalt ci!olacecent of 30 to EC~ on the XlJ ran~•· Calitrati•~ ~~ ~10 ranne ~111 provide accurate values on t~! · r?~=~ as ,:ell.
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• ,. >. --.. --
•
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~ o r u s c o n t ':-. e 1: -: '· ;-. • • r .J :, :: c , a t \-: r. -~ t a :, C ~ r -: c~li~r~tion is ~ref~rre~: one at 7: to:~~ 0 ~ t~c linc~r r~nc~ an~ t~e o:~rr at ~5 co ~S~ of tlic li~etr r n \ .. ht"''"',, ... ,..,,.,,. .... r.-11 ; .. • l ,·-.J ~c •. it, .. ~ .......... ~. •'-·--o ... tli-~rOXl:""'.C:.c y _-. pp.".". for~~~: co~pou~ds thcte ~oi~ts ~oul~ lie be:1.·ec~ ,2~ c: 3!;, ~;~ ~nd 15: to :lJ p~~. respectively.
b. Sta~~l1ty -The calibration ~as nust be stable wi:~in t~e cylinder during the period of use, If the calibration is required in tr.e field, ther. use of a s~all cylinder is reco~=er.ded, In addition, the choice of c)'lin,der naterial in contact •·1th the r.a~ r,-•~~t be · consic~red (steel, alur,inurr. or teflon), If there ore rny questions, the operator should re~uest stcbility and usage information fro~ the gas supplier.
l.',\?.t:r::G
E~tre=e care nust be taken in the handlin; ~f ~as cylinders, Contents 3re unrler high pressure, In so"'e case~, the contents nay be hazardous. fieny 3as suppliers will provide data sheets for the r,-ixtures up~n request.
c. Delivery -The cylinder contzining the calibration ~ixture rr.ust be connected to a proper regulator,
-------
-------Xever o~en the valve on a ~as cylinder container ~ithout a regulator attached,
Leak test all tanl:/reguletor connections as well as the main c;lind•r valve to prevent toxic or h3z3rdous oaterials from leaking into the ~erk area. Care oust be taken that the materials of construction of the regulator vill not interact with the calibration gas.
On• method of sampling the calibration gaa is illustrated in Figure 3-1. Connect the cylinder to one leg of the tie, a flov meter to the opposite leg, and the probe to the third lee, The flow meter does not require a valve. If there is a valve, it must b1 left wide open, the flow~eter is only to indicate excess flow, Adjust the flo~ fro~ the regulator s~ch that only a little excess flo~ is re~istered at the flo~~eter,
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----........ . . " . -'"' . '
: • 3 i':.02:'.
Cy:_::
!~i~ insur€s tha~ :~~ ?!
at.".':liSr.'heric :,rcs~u:e ~:1(!
•
1---1 sees t~~ cali~ration
:~hie~t te~~eratt:re.
d, ~s~~e -Generally, a gas cylinder s~~uld not te used
e •
a •
l: el o ,· :: :. '.· -:: ·) u psi as pr~~ sure e i : e c t s co u !d cause
c:~:entration variatio~s. Th2 cylirder s~ould not be
used ~as: t~e reco~mended ase of the contents as
indicatec ty the manufacturer. In case of difficulty,
verify the contents and concentration of the sas
cylinder.
Alternate means of calibration are possible. For
more information, contact the H::u Service Department,
Identify the probe by the lamp label. If a question
exists, disassemble the probe and inspect the la~p. The
energy of the lamp is etci1e~ into the ~lass envelope.
b. Connect the pr6be to tho readout assembly, m3~ing sure
the red interlock switch is depressed by the rin; on the
connector.
c • S et t h e S P ,\ i:
calibrated.
tr.o probe.
pot to the proper value !or the probe being
refer to the calibration memo accompanying
i .
d, Check the Ionization·Potential (I~) of the calibration
gas to be used. The IP of the calibration gas must be
at or below tho IP of the la~p.
e. Proceed with the calibratior. as described in Section
3.4. Check the calibration meno for specific data.
If any (!uestions develop, ci:11 t~e l!t:t' representative.
f. NOTE: The ll.7eV lamp ha1 a special cleanin; compound.
Do not u1e veter or any other cleanin~ compound with the
11.7 eV laop. Do not interchange ion chambers,
amplifier boards or lamps between probes. (See Section
5.2).
3. 4 PROCEDUl?E
a. Battery check -Turn the function
The needle should be in the green
rechar1e the battery.
PACE . . '-. --
switch to BATT.
region. If not,
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., ' . . -. --~.-:--··-:-. --. . . ._
•
,.. ,.. ..... .... ... "~ .
b. Zero set -T!..!rr. the fu:-:,:i:ic:, 5\-.·i:~h to :'.i .. 1,:·~:y. In this position t~e la~e is or, and no si:nal is ;enerated, Sec the zero point ~ith the ZEi•o set contrcl. T~e zero c~n also ~c set 1~ich th: f~rction s1,itct-. on the Xi ?osition and using a "rlydroc~rhon-fre~" air, !n this case "ne?,ative" re;cii~;s are possible if the nnalyzer menseres a cleaner sa~plc when in s~rvice.
c. 0-2, or 0-:0 □ range -For cali~rating on the 0-lC or 0-:00 range only one gas standard is required, Turn t~e function switch to the ran~e position and note t~e meter read i n ~ , Adjust t he SP~-'.: control sett in G as re, e ired ta read the ppc concentration of the standard. ?.echccl, the zero settin~ (step b,). I! readjust~ent is needed, repeat step c. This Gives a two-point cnli~ration: zero and the gas standard p~int. Additional calibration points con be ~enerated by dilutio~ of the stzndar( with zero air if desired (sec ~ection f),
d. 0-2000 ran;e -For calibr:itinr, on the c-:•··,,(' rar.~e, use of two standards is recoccended ts cited in ~cction 3,2a. First calibrate with the higher standarc usins the SPA:: control for setting. Then calibrate with tho lower standard usin3 the ZE~O adjustcent. ~e~eet these several times to ensure thtt a @ood calibration is obtained. The analyzer uill be appoxicately linear to better than 500 ppc, (see Fi;ure 3-:). If the analyzer is subsequently to be used on the 0-:0 or 0-:~o ranae, it must be recalibrated as described in ste~s b. ana c, abovP.,
e. Lacp cleaning -If the span settin; resultinp free calihration is 0,0 or if calibration cannot ba achievec, then the lamp must ba cleaned (see Section 5.2),
f. Lanp replacamont -I! the lamp output is too low or if the la~p has !ailed, it must ba replaced (sea Section 5 • ; ) •
3.5 CALIBRATIOC CHEC~ING
Rapid calibration chackina in the field can be acco~plished by use of a small diapo1able cylinder containing isobutylene, I~mediately after a calibration has been cocpletad, a reading is .taken on a apacial i1obutylane standard. This provides a reference concantration measurement for later checkina in the field, This can be dona at any time with a portable cylinder containina this same 1pacial standard, usina this reference reading as a check, and makina adjustments to the analyzer if necessary, In effect, thi1 11 an indirect method of calibration, one maintaining the calibration to give direct re ■dinas for the original gas cixture, but usin~ the porta~le isobutylene cylinder. Details are given in Section :.2 of the Appendix,
?AGE 3-4
•
·-
l=ml --I!!!!! -l!!!!!!!!!!!I - - -----------
I •
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I 800
2 il. il.
I ·--.~ 600 z 2 rJ) ISOBUTYLENE I w C: IN AIR a: •400
w ... w I 2
200
I 0
I 0 200 400 600 800 1000
ACTUAL PPM
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I 2 800
t
I )Jj
I 600
I ~ a: 400 BENZENE i IN AJR I 200
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ACTUAL PPM
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LAMP Hl•VOLTAGE ...
ION CHAMBER ►
:;;1
BIAS ELECTROOI
GAS
INLIT
UV LAMP
•
PHOTONS
GAS OUTLET
METEl'I y •\' ... .,---1· .
COLLECTOR
IONS
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• -___ ,, __ ,
.: - . -• .:. . !
711 e s ~ e1c :. es \::. t i t ~ e r. i; ~er v a l 'Jc s a re .-: : c s c :-: 5 i t :. \' I? t ,:i
t ~-~ l ·~ . : e \' fl h. o t :i :-: s t ~-a :'I arc t ~,: s c 1.· 1 : h ~ :i \ ·: r v ~ l 'Jc 5 • ? : r
~~a~~lc, refcrri:-:~ to ~ata i:-: Ta~lc ~-1', a:-: a:-::~~·:cr c:li~rl::~
: o r ) c :-. : c :-: e • 1:;.-?-:; :".":~as 'Jr i r. ~ ;1 s a :7"? l ~ c :, :-: : ? i -. .:. :-. ; 1 fl ~ ~ 0 :
': : :-: z c :-: c , \:: l l :-ea .:j l ,-:, . ·} a:-:: ·.: :--: c :-: ~ea s 1J r ~ :-: ; 3 s a.-: : ~ c c :-: : a i :-: i. :-: -
i _-; ~, :-c ~ v i :i y l ch 1 c r i Ce \,,' i 11 re Jo: : . :· • T :--. :. s s ~ .. : ·.: s t ~. e 1 0 ,_. e r ~
sc:-:s::iv:.:~-of t~c vinyl chloride. Si~:!~r :::-:~1::.:ins ~re the
case for c~e ~-~ a~d l!.7 eV la~;s.
T!:e standard probe provided with the analyzer contains a
l'.",.2 el' la:r.~. 0p:_onal probes containins lamps of C'.~ 11nd 11.7
eV per~it selective deter~ination or exclusion of species.
The probe with the 0.~ eV lamp per~its ~easurement of
specie• ~~vinr IP v3lues lover than ".5 eV in the cresenc~ of
inter!crin: rpecies with IF values above ".5 eV. ·
The probe with the 11.7 eV lamp per~its measurenent of
species with IP values above 10.2 up to aproxinotely !1.7 eV.
The probes with different lanps are interchan:eatle in use
within individual readout asse~blies for different applications.
The anplifier and ion chamber in t~e probe are selecte( for the
specific eV la~p. Lamps of ~ifferent eV ratinss c~nnot be
interchan~ed between probes. Exanples of selective epplic~tion
of these ~robes is given in Table f-2. Additional applications
of the use of the probes are descri~ed in the sections t~3t
follo1: and illustrated in Figure '-2. Further e:a~nles are
Given (without discusstcn) in Table f-3. ~e-zeroin~ is
perfor~ed after each probe intcrchan~e.
4,5 !~.2 eV P~03E
The 10.2 eV probo is the 1tanderd probe used 1:ith the Trace
Gas Analyzer. The approxi~cte 1pen settinrs for a!~.: eV rrobe
that woulc cive direct readings of the amounts o! trece ;,cs of a
particulcr species in e sample is given in Table r-ll. for
example, when the 1pen control ii 11t at 4,3 the analyzer will
ieed 10 ppe ~h•n ■1aaurina • ••~plo containing 1~ ppm of vinyl
chloride. Th••• span 11ttin1s ~ill very with the condition of
the lamp. Application of the 10.2 eV probe is illustrated in
exa~ples "•"• "b", end "c" in Fi1ur1 4-2. In each case the
trace gas (or 1ea11) is contained in a standard atmosphere.
Exaopl1 "a" 1hov1 the u11 of the 10.2 eV probe to measure
Vinyl Chloride (IP•9.995) by itself,
Example "b" 1hovs the use of the 10.2 eV probe to oeasure
Vinyl Chloride (IP•9.995) in the pr111nce of e second aes,
Acetylene (IP•ll.4). The acetylene is not ionized and the probe
~ives a direct reeding of the Vinyl Chlcride above.
Example "c" shows the u11 of the 10.2 eV ~robe to measure
Isoprene (IP•~.C!) by itself. A ~.S eV probe ~ay also be used
b~t is less sensitive. th• 10.2 eV probe is recoomended.
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2:::...-.:-,i" ?',oToro::rz.•.Tro:: s:':srrrvr:-r:::s Fo~ GA5:::s
Che:,,ic.i l
Sroupin;
~clativc Se,sitivity
( see :,OTE) --------------------------------------------------------------------------
Aror.:atic
Hiph;:tic A::-. inc
Chlorin.:ted
Unsaturated
Carbonyl
Unsaturated
Sulfide
Paraffin (C5-Ci)
Aml!lonia
P.ar3ffin (Cl-Ct.)
! J
10
5-~
7-9
3-:
;-3
1-3
0 ~ . ~
0
Benzene, Toluene, Styrene
Diethylar.iine
Vinyl Chloride, Vinylidene Chloride, Trichloroethylene
PIEK, HiBC, Acetone,
Cyclohe::anone
Aroloin, Propyleno,
Cyclohexanone,Allyl Alcohol
l!ydrogon Sl!lfide,
liathyl 1;erc1ptan
Pentane, Dexane, Heptane
1ietr.ane, Ethane
~OTE: Relative s1nsitivity • meter reeding when measuring 10 ppm of the liated 3as with instrument with lC,2 eV probe calibrated for 1~ ppm of benzene, span pot 1ettin1 •~-~for direct readin~ of benzene.
PAGE 4-1
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TASLE 4-2
TYPICAL APPLICATIO~S OF I~TE2C9A~GEABL: PeOSES
Compound
Ionization
pot~ntials
(eV) 2clative Scnsit1vity
~.5/l 1l,: eV ll.7/1:.: cV ----------------------------------------------------------------
p-Xylene 8,44 0. l 0 o.1:i1, p-Chlorotoluene · 8,70 0. IJ ') '1,112 Toluene 8,82 C,09 ~·.112 o-Chlorotoluene 8.83 0,1)75 0. 112 Ethyl Acetate 9, 19 0,075 0, 11 2
Benzene 9.24 Q • 1 I} 0. 10 Methyl Mercaptan 9.24 0. l 0 0.072 Pyridine 9,32 0,075 0.122 Allyl Alcohol 9.67 ".·,10 0.112 Crotonaldehyde 9,88 0,075 0, 104
Amyl Alcohol 9.80 0,09 O.llli Cyclohexane 9.88 0.075 0 .104 Vinyl Chloride 9.95 0.095 0. 112 Butanol 10.94 0. ;Jg 0. l 76 Ammonia 10 .1 S 0.06 O.lS•J
Acetic Acid 10.37 0,04 C.560 Ethylene 10.52 o.o Cr.320 Ethylene Oxide 10.56 o.o o. 2'J,~
Responae vith 9.5 or 11.7 eV probe
Relative ••n1itivitJ • ------------------------------------Response vith 10.2 eV probe
i r i \ l ' I I • • Vinyl Chloride (9.995) i , , r,o 9 , 0.2 •V Probe energy (1V) •-. :.:1.: eV ~robe m~~swre~ ~1i~~l Chloride <I~·• 9.993> Ac:etylene (, , .,, Vinyl Chloride (9.995) i ~ , , l ,o 9 1 0.2 eV Probe ene,vy (eY) b. 11).= E\/ Frobe 1T1tte=..ut e:-11 ·..,·1,1yl r:t,l,~t 1Ji: CIF· c 9·.c;·7~) bc,t r,01: A•=etyliwr,~· (!F-• l!.41 ,: . ' ,, l ,o 10.2 eVProbe 110or1ne (9.08) i ' 9 ... 10.: eV Probe me•sur•• I10prene <IP• 9.081 efll'V)' (IV)
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Vinyl Chloride (9.995)
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lsoprene (9.08)
9.5 eV Probe
,.::. r(_•,•t. .. 1I1•,;.\:"·:1..trr;-:, I:.~;.;tf"•I°,& l!f°·::: .• ,.•;.•:
e.
t•·-t r"',c:,t '-,' l r·, .. : l c:·11 or l do: \ Ir :-:. ,;, • s-;·5)
Acetylene (11.4)
t
11 .7 ev Probe
I
1 1 I
10
I
9
Acetylene ( 11.4) Vinyl Chloride (9.995)
t 11 + 1~ 9
11.7 ev Probe 10.2 eV Probe
energy \tll\
•ntfVY (eV)
f. 11.7 eV Probe me•sure~ both ~~•t,l•ne <IP~ 11.41
•nd Vinyl Chloride <IP a ~.9~~>
10.: eV Probe nie•sur•• Vinyl C~,loride
but not Acetylene
Difference between the two r••dinQ• is the
me••ure of Acetylene
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----------------------------------------------------------------
Styrcae (!? ■ 0 .1~) Alone
~exan(! (IP• lC.48) Alor.e
For~cldehyde (IP• 10.f7) Alone
Strren!/'."exane
7o;ctr.cr
For~aldehyde/Strrene
Tosether
1 (\.:
1 l. 7
10,' and 9.~
l!sc l '..: to :ie.:sur~ tot~!, ~-~ to oeasure Styrene, difference will be the concentration of ~c~ane.
1;.~ and 11.7
Use 1!.7 to ~•asurc total, !0,2 to ~eesura St~re~e, difference will be.the
contentretion of For:i~l~ehy~c
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T ~ e ~· . :"1 C \' ~ r O ~ !! i S US e C t O r':i e ~ '.j 1.J r C ~ c'.l 5 C 5 i. :, ~ ! ~ ( r • : \.' ~ c:;
l: is ~eces~ary to exclu~, ;ases t~~t ~ay be pr:!c~: :,nvi~~
! ? > '-: • S c \' a :, d < ! '~• . 2 e \' . T ~ is ::. $ i l 1 us t r: t c d t,. y e ,: ;,, ~ ~· 1 e "d ii in
Figure~-:. '.!ere a 9.5 eV probe is use~ to ~~asure Isoprene
(I?-~.0') 1, the presence of Vinyl Chlori~e (IP--.~~s).
Gain settin~s for a 0 .5 eV pro~~ to eivc direct rcadin;s for
various species are given in .Table E-15.
The 11.7 eV Probe is used to ~easure trace ~ases ~ith
IP>!O.~ eV but less than 11.7 eV. The use of this probe by
itself is illustrated in exn~ple ''e'', Herc the l!.7 eV probe i~
use~ to r:-,cJsurc Acetylene ( T:'•l l ,! eV). The us~ o: :~is pro'.,c
in conjunction ~ith ~ l~.7 eV pro~e is illu~trated in exa:ple
''f''. In this case, t1:o gases are present, Acetylene (IP•!!,h)
and Vinyl Chloride (IP•~.~rs). The objective is to obtain a
~ensurcncnt of the Acetylene alone.
The !1.7 eV probe measures the total presence of both
Acetylene and Vinyl Chloride to~cther. The lC.: eV probe
measures just the Vinyl Chloride, excludin~ the Acetylene. The
difference between the two readings is the c.aasure of the
Ac:tylene.
Gain settinss for the 11.7 eV probe to ~ive direct readin;s
for various species are given in Table :-15.
4.~ EQ~IPHC~T DESClIPTIO:;
The co~ponent1 of the analyzer are located in the probe and
the readout asseobly (1ee Fi@ures 4-3 and 4-4). The ion
cha~bcr, UV light 1ourc1, amplifier board, and fan are located
in the probe as1eeblr. The battery, the power supply board, enc
th• ceter are located in the readout asse~bly. Th: p~obe and
che readout a111cbly are connected hy an 2~~ co r~:'') c3ble.
The fu dran aaa in chrouah the probe and ion chamber.
The flow rct• 11 approxicatel; l 'J'· cubic centioeters per
oinuce. Small var1at1on1 in the flow rate do not affect the
m1a1urem1nt. A major obstruction to the !low, however, ~111
~revent proper oper1tion end lenr,then response tice. The fan
cannot draw a saople from any distance or acro11 a pressure
drop.
The output froo th• ion chacber is amplified and read out
en the macer.
Voltage.for the li&ht 1ourc1, ion cha~b,r, 1oplifier and
fan is provided from a DC converter on the power supply board.
The battery provides the source of power for the converter. The
positive side of the battery is grounded.
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T~e inr~= si;"al fron the ion ch~=~er c":crs at con~ector P!/J! (see sc~e=atic Figure !-5), £Oes to transistor Cl and a~~lificr Al. The zero adjusc:ent ~etc~•~ on the control panel enters chru pins 3 and Con ?~/J", thence to the transistor QI. ?ow~r for the anplificr enters on nins D and F resrectively. Span ccncrol a~jusccent fro: the control panel enters at pin 9, sisnol output at pin E, and ~round connector at pin J. -The ouc~uc si;nal fron the anplifier ,oes thru pin E in the cable connector P:/J3 to pad 11 on the power supply ~card, to the resi!tor ncts•or!: P.3° thru ?I•\·, including the adjustable pot ?.4c, Fron there it goes to the neter through the function switch on the control panel. Connections froc the resistor net~ork throu:h the function switch serve to set the operltir.s ranse of the ~eter. Input to the scan control potentio~ater co:cs free this $ane net,:ork thro~~·: t~e function ,~itch. The output of the s~an control pot· pro,·ider feadbacl: control to tne arn,lifier through pin H on the cable, pin u on the amplifier bocrd, and fcedbAck resistor RS to the amplifier input.
Power (or the UV la~p, Dl, is provided by rectifier networl:s containing CR4-9 operatin~ froc the red and white terminals of transforoer Tl. Volta&• for the lacp (pad 22 on the power supply board or JJ pin D, Figura L-:) will be as follo~r for the several different conditions that ~ar. exist.
Condition \'olta~e, V DC ------------------------------------------------
Pro~e connected, l3cp -350 to -630 operatin~ properly
Probe .:-,n:iected, 111:i: not -11:,0 to .. 11,:-~, operatin~ properly
Prote not connected, high ft to -3~~ voltage s~itch not depre11ed
Probe not connected, hi9h -1100 to -1200 volt11• switch depraasei c1nu1lly
Power for the ion chacbar 11 provided by rectifier network CR2 and 3 oper1tin1 from terminals 5 and 7 of Tl and voltage regulator Zl. Power for the amplifier ii provide~ by rectifier network• CP.13-16 oper1tin1 from terminals 4,5 and e of Tl. Power for the fan aotor is provided by rectifier netvork CR18-21 operating froa terain1l1 l, 2 and~ of tr1n1former Tl, Conversion ~f th• DC from the battery for input power to Tl 11 acco~~lish1d by Z2. Power for I recorder is available at connector J7,
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• Clothing wet with isopropylether should be placed in
closed containers for storage until it can be discarded or
until provision is made for the removal of isopropy-
lether from the clothing. If the clothing is 10 be laun-
dered or otherwise cleaned to remove the isopropy-
lether, the penon performing the operation should be
informed of isopropylether's hazardous propenies.
• Any clothing which becomes wet with liquid isopro-
pylether should be removed immediately and not
rewom until the isopropylether is removed from the
clothing.
• Employees should be provided with and required 10
use splash-proof safety goggles where liquid isopropy-
lether may contact the eyes.
SANITATION
• Skin that becomes wet with liquid isopropylether
should be promptly washed or showered with soap or
mild detergent and water to remove any isopropylether.
COMMON OPERATIONS AND CONTROLS
The following list includes some common operations in
which exposure to isopropylether may occur and con-
trol methods which may be effective in each case:
Operation
Use as a solvent in
extraction processes,
rubber adhesives,
lacquers, resins, oils,
cellulose,
pharmaceutical
manufacture,
smokeless gunpowder,
and textile spot
cleaning
Use in organic
synthesis as an
alkytation agent
emulsion breaker in
petroleum industry; and
as blending agent for
gasoline
Controls
Local exhaust
ventilation: general
dilution ventilation:
personal protective
equipment
Local exhaust
ventilation: general
dilution ventilation:
personal protective
equipment
EMERGENCY FIRST AID PROCEDURES
In the event of an emergency, institute first aid proce-
dures and send for first aid or medical assistance.
• Eye Exposure
If liquid isopropylether gets into the eyes, wash eyes
immediately with large amounts of water, lifting the
lower and upper lids occasionally. If irritation is present
after washing, get medical attention. Contact lenses
should not be worn when working with this chemical.
• Skin Exposure
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•
If liquid isopropylether gets on the skin. promptly wash
the contaminated skin using soap or mild detergent and
water. If liquid isopropylether soaks through the cloth•
ing, remove the clothing immediately and wash the skin
using soap or mild detergent and water. If irritation
persists after washing, get medical attention.
• Breathina
If a penon breathes in large amounts of isopropylether.
move the exposed penon to fresh air at once. If
breathing has stopped, perform anificial respiration.
Keep the affected person warm and at rest. Get medical
attention as soon as possible.
• S,ra1Jowin11
When isopropylether has been swallowed and the
penon is conscious, give the penon large quantities of
water immediately. After the water has been swal-
lowed, try to get the penon 10 vomit by having him
touch the back of his throat with his finger. Do not
make an unconscious penon vomit. Get medical atten-
tion immediately.
• Re,cue
Move the affected penon from the hazardous exposure.
If the exposed penon has been overcome. notify some-
one else and put into effect the established emergency
rescue procedures. Do not become a casualty. Under-
stand the facility's emergency rescue procedures and
Ir.now the locations of rescue equipment before the need
arises.
SPILL, LEAK, AND DISPOSAL
PROCEDURES
• Penons not wearing protective equipment and cloth-
ing should be restricted from areas of spills or leaks until
cleanup has been completed.
• If isopropylether is spilled or leaked. the following
steps should be ta.Ir.en:
1. Remove all ignition sources.
2. Ventilate area of spill or leak.
3. For small quantities, absorb on paper towels. Evapo-
rate in a safe place (such as a fume hood). Allow
sufficient time for evaporating vapors to completely
clear the hood ductwork. Bum the paper in a suitable
location away from combustible materials. Large quan-
tities can be reclaimed or collected an·d atomized in a
suitable combustion chamber. lsopropylether should
not be allowed to enter a confined space, such as a
sewer, because of the possibility of an explosion. Sewers
designed to preclude the formation of explosive concen-
trations of isopropylether vapors r.re permllted.
• Waste disposal method:
lsopropylether may be disposed of by atomizing in a
suitable combustion chamber.
REFERENCES
• American Conference of Governmental Industrial
Hygienists: "lsopropylether," Documentation of rhe
Thrtshold Limit Va/u,s for Sub,tanc,s rn Workroom Air
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(3rd ed .. 2nd printing), Cincinnati. 1974.
• International Labour Office: Encyclo[Ndia of Occupa-
tional H,alth and Sa/try, McGraw-Hill, New York.
1971.
• Patty, F. A. (ed.): Toxicology, Vol. II of Industrial
Hygiene and Toxicology (2nd ed. rev.), lntencience,
New York. 196).
• Union Carbide Corporation. Industrial Medicine and
Toxicology Department: Toxicology Studies -lsopropy,
lerher. '<ew York. 1968.
RESPIRATORY PROTECTION FOR ISOPROPYLETHER
Condition
Vapor Concentration
1 000 ppm or less
5000 ppm or less
1 O, 000 ppm or less
Greater than 10,000 ppm or
entry and escape from
unknown concentrations
Fire Fighting
Escape
Minimum Reaplratory Protection•
Required Above 500 ppm
A chemical cartridge respirator with a full facepiece and an organic vapor cartridge(s).
A gas mask with a chin-style organic vapor canister.
A gas mask with a~ont-or back-mounted organic vapor canister.
Arry supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece, helmet, or hood.
Arry self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece.
Self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode.
A combination respirator which includes a Type C supplied-air respirator with a full fac:epiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure or continu-ous-flow mode and an auxiliary self-contained breathing apparatus operated in presaure-dernanc! or other positive pressure mode.
Self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode.
Arry gas mask providing protection against organic vapors.
Arry escape self-contained breathing apparatus.
'Only NIOSH-approved or MSHA-approved equipment should be used.
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• Uulton MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET CHEMICALS 24 Hour Emergency Phone (316) 524•5 751
1-IOENTIFICATION
c1-1EM1C,'L ....... Me
Pentachl.o~
iRAOt NAME
G~ !'8rea, Rlodt Pett.a
sv~QNY--4S
OO'T roeNT,FICATION N(J ~. PC', Tecmical C?8de PC' M 9188
II -PRODUCT ANO COMPONENT OATA
(;C)M~NEP'rrif':'\Sl l:ri(\41C<1oi.. ,._,a.ME CAS F4EG1$fQY I'«) Pent achl.orophenol 97-.s 2, 3, 4, 6-Tecrach.lorq,heool ~2 HydTCX'fPOlychl.ormi bonzo Et hers
For additional 1nfot'l!l<lti011 refer co rote in Sect 1011 VI , Oirau.c Too c.1 ty.
~! n-e haurds of thll prixluct
-;;-thll or &imilar praluccs.
are based a'I st:udie,
111-PHYSICAL DATA
.&PPE.lA.ANCE ANO 000f◄ $PC:tFIC GRAVITY Li.¢,t brc.an or tan f11ke or oo.1.id FlaQ !wk deraity •
BQ1L.:~ PQl'/i YAPOR Ol!NSITY iN AIR 310"C (11e.lt~ Point: l 90"C) NIA
YAPOA '-''-'ESSI.JAE , ", VO\ATILE. BHOLUME NIA 0
EVAPifJA.ATION R.ATE SOl,1.J8l..1TY IN WATE" NIA 14 ppm' Jl°C
IV-REACTIVITY DATA
STABilrTY
St.ab.le COt<l)ITIONS TO AVOID ~tibl.e llllterial.9 liltlld blllc,w
INCOMPATl8U.JT'1 (Meret1att 10 l'IOICI: Stl:a1! ac:ld1zers rd &llcAlis,
"'""1.1,AOOUS Cle COMPOSITION ••ooucrs !:!)'drCf!l!ll chloride, chlorine, c:hloriMtal '1),drocarlli:XII
NAZAROO(JS POL Ya..EAIZA T!O~
Ui'11 ----
tAlt • 1 l
•• IA~011/
2 s
,0 lbs/t::3
ACGIW TL\/·™'' 0,.5 l!WOI
~
tble
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V -FIRE ANO EXPLOSION HAZARD OATA
'\ ,.,.$1-1 PCIN 1 1 Mt1"'QO ,.S'.Cll i i-•. -\MMABL~ :..Mlf'j ·r,i ~IA
None Ible EA':"ING1.J1Sr-o1hG AGENTS
None
V~L.·j1;A1 F1RF A.NC P JCl!l+..QSICN 1,,o~Z,4.ACS
Taxic gase11 an foo,ad ~ !:her.mt.I deca'l;)081t1oo. F'ire!ighcers .srcold wear >elf crntained pos1-cive pt"es,un bnathit11; •Ppa.r•OJ.&, and dll'Oid gkfn CDntact.
A(l;IH: 0.5 ~mJ 8 hrur 1\/A
OS!A1 0.5 ag1ml 8 hrur 1\/A
(eldn abeorpcioo posaibla)
VI -TOXICITY ANO FIRST AIO
•Pr~l!d AO:II! !l;!olOjJical Exp:,eure !niices
2 :ig/L urtne
~ :ig/L pLu,,a
*Refer to: Thrl!Srold Lir.lic Value., Arn Biological Exposur~ Wices for [987-88.
E"'«u r::IH.C.r10ed ,,, :t11, "9C!l(Jl'I Jr" t,e,+~ ... co l'Vl! !Q l"r.'O.r ,! !IOOS.11&1 ,,. l"'l.-i1n191l"ec al o, CW:,,,0• ,·.ugrogn,1t9 n \/!1 3.-:,ww 011"':• -..oe vU,&IIC)f"I ,,, •r<:1• .... Cll.a~ ~,cia,e1,c,1,r-,. ';'_ ✓I ~ • ., l'\01 ~ 1001\t'.Ar.M 10 \II oe,,ors ~~ 'l"<l&e "'1tr'I ~,,C..tl ,;0Md1ll(lnl l:s!ed oeiow MEO~ CONOITIONS AGGRAVATEO ev E:X:PCSURE
Acute or d1raiic kidney or 11 ve r disease, .a tlnl , broochl tis, c:hmnic acne -n:! ocher akin a:nti. tiOFYi ,
•CV1'E iOX!C/TY
Inhaution: C::n:e~rac.1oos of O.J ~:ii) can cause rose 1rr1c11c1on. Ca1centrat10Fli a!xNe 1 ~.,.J CM1 c:IUS4 im tat1on at ·~per rci;plratory cracc "1ch sromzi"G ard ~. Pe.n<:r6 accJ!rered co pw,t.:hlorq,henel can tolerate L,vels ab:M! 2 ~.,), ~ta:B of °""na,q,osure !nclude rapid re.,n-beac ond resp:iratioo, elevated teq>erat:un <rd b.1001 ?re:isun,, IIIJllO.Wlr -.d!coesa, o:xoassivv sweatill;, dlz Z11leSs ani nl!IJ.S4U. :ugh (O(IQ!rd: ra t1oos can cause ~C7JSl"eSs, C!XlY\Lls iore and de.sch ~e:-e rall v . ~ . f rm cardiac arres c •
Skin: Pentachlorq,hcrol is reaiily al:sorted tc.raigh L1t3Ct '"'1n, Pentachlorq,ht!rnl. 1n solution C3ll t:e re.silly abslorbed thro.JP,h Wacc skin 1n tax1c an.mt3, c.:wsi~ syscecic: po1soni.~ an:! •)<'t>ccr.z; d<l.<;etibad in tl'e I:ihalat1m soccion, ?erLIIChl.orq,hsnol <J1 tt'E Skin can =me irricac1on,
~: Pentadtlorq,turol causes 1rl'1tatl.al of ct'8 E!)"eS at l cgi.,3, U expn,;ure 1s pro~, slight crareiant comee.l dallllge cm cxa.ir,
r11.escion: ~ cbe tc,;1c1cy 1s high, S~cCJIIS of ~stion dn! chcae dsscnbed in the Inl,,:,Jatioo sectlan,
~a: !'v<11:adllorcprercl ""'fOF'IM! by any r<1Jce c:trt rc,sulc In the I.ate deve.lnJntnt ,'Ji a sl<..1n <Jen11t1oo "1l<M1 dll c:hlo~. ( Sae Onwc Taxi cl cy Sect ioo) •
l=1PST 410 rrnu .. cion: :tiYe "1c:t1m to f,,,,.h .ur, If breac~ has stappad, ...tnin1sc.,r an:ifici.al ra,;piracion. Cail a physician,
Skin: Ra!l:MI coota,,J.nated dothil'1f! .w si'r:,ea, '4llh Skin thnrQJ8hly with "°"I' n weer for ac 1,,,..c 15 minltas, Wmsh amc.ni.natod doctur« tefore rewe. ~: Plush e»'l!S .um2,dfotely w1 ch water tor at 1-c l 5 r.iirutes, Coot:,,cc a (fy,iic:iiln, Ingescioo: call a ~cl..., ,r PoiS011 Control C..r:ar W!l!diacely. U pcsRible, YC11tittrJ: slntld re !.~ ur<ier rll!dic:.d Staf'l!tv1S1on. Dr1rit une nr rwo ~asses of ""t"r ,Td i.rduoe ll'Clllic~ by tQJ~ tt'E bad< of chrosc "'1Ch Hr1Jar, flo not ~ vam.tillJ or give .vayt~ bv ca,th ca ..., ,ncorsciw:. persa,,
11Jn: 11) P!!rStCIAN: 1h1s pratt>CC is ~ ITlltabolic: Rl1:ul.1111:, 'l'roaDll!nt 1.,, ,a,ppc,M:1110, •Orce<! d1ureiis
""----L
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;i-,AQ~IC :•:J •.:·• •
1h? firrli:"£ ot c..1-:r:inic CCDd.c ~f(?CtS lr, !...1~rc1cor-_1 ~j:iA,_1" .:"1_\' ; ...,.., :.ac: .... ,......, ... ~ .... ,. · .;;, ,.. ~..... ..,.,,...,.. __ ! .0 :l.l"'rlr.s. O'vct"CX'P05ure sl'nild !:e avo1C:CC, fJ1~,.ir~ ~o do so C:lL~d ~~ult ~ !...,~ur::, :1:r.C'ISs or ~Jt>n de:it:':,
Chratic e,ve~u:-c ~n ted'JU<:.L ;r;.;e re;it,1c.~lo~:11!r.n!. has ~1.1:scld ll~r dnd i<.ictney taxic tdfocts in expe ri:renc al anl.. ""1. • ,
C..rd:i<'<lerlicitv: T,x-/inical Gt"3dc ;>ent~t!or~ht>ncl ha.s ·x:•.n t!'Jal•.J.1t,1<1 :or =si.ble cancer cau.sifl: effects 1l'l J;ioor,,cor:y 4111.mls. Rats ""f'OSed l:s· !..~~ti.oo to cona,ncratwns up to 30 rrg/l<i:/a..y for 2 years ard c,.,, straJ.r.s of .'lice ~ I,., ~scion to oooc,,ntratior\S u~ to 46 ,4 "l:lkg/day did me srcw an L"lCn.,se !r.ddei= :~ W!Xlrs. '!'.., scrai..._, rif mice .ere ,-,.,[so testa: ~ l'ilvtt-.; Tecmtcal l:rade Penc.rluorq,henol <uix'utilnel:Wly !n,ectod. n.ise mice did nnc six,., an. increased inddenc:e czi tU'll)n;.
~achlor.x,l'M!nol, 2,J,1.,6-totr,,chlorq,he.--.:il ard ~ydrcxypolychlora:11'<'.nzo ethers an, not l1sted C'1 t"-3 I«, ~11' or OSHA c.arctr'q!lln lists,
Reorcxluct1ve Tooctcv: The U.S. El'A has deternuned that peneachlor~l'M!rol can prod~ defl!Cts L~ tt-c offspri1l! o! lAlx>racor:y l!!UlllRls. Exposuna co pentachlnrq,henol c:Lri~ pr~ slntld Ix! ,11101ded, Reproducc1ve tooctcy tests 1-..ve t,,e, aniucced co evaluate the potl!Tltia..l .r:tverse effects cechn1ca.J. grade and purified pentachlorcv,ercl ""Y haw er. reproduction .n! cffaprtrw: of l.abor:itcry a.tlLml.s, Bech taclnical and purified p<!nuchlo~l'lll MYe b!,m fo.rn to be a:ibey,, and fatotax1c cc mes, but ~oc co t'Bl15ters. Se.l.tror cechn1w grade oor purified i,enc~orq,hercl C2lll!oed tamtoi;:enic dfoccs ( birth defects), b.Jt did aruse dl!l.tys in rcrmal fatal develOflll!nt.
Cluoracne: In h.r.'iflrs, tl'l! arsorpcion cf pcr:achlo~r..rcl ~ ~ rcuce m,ry rer;u.lc ill tho, ci:lvelO!Jll!nt of the skirt an!.1tion, chloraa1e. This USU4lly appears as bl.ldchaads, .tutehe.lds .nl yellow cysts ever ell! t8111lles .ni .-ran:! the ears. In eeve~ cas,.., i:ivolve,ent cny be extell!l1\IO!, !-tild c.sses 11\ay be s im1lar 1n appearan:e to ex l'l!r fom,o of acne w to s!Qn d\anr!es cmn,nly seen "'1th agirg,
Seti!: This tmxluct cmuirs traCI!! quanc Hle:s czi re,ca al:! her,tach.lorooi ::enzQ--l>'-d!:mns .n:t he."'1 am heptachlorodibenzafurars. If furtl'l!r Wotn>lt.ion is desired, c:cncacc Vulcan OB!ic.als Techn1c:al Servi oe Det:iart:ient
VII -PERSONAL PROTECTION AND CONTROLS
CIC')P11-1A'l'QRY PRUTE:7tCN
I.hare an::l!nt rations of p!!lltachlorq,henol =-.AOds or are Wcaly to exceed .s cg/1113, an apprcwd ~c vapor-dust filter type nispirator is acceptabla. ,\pl)r'CM!d self-eontained ~ "l'fl,3ratus or .ur line n,spirator, wlth full !am pieal, is requi.rm for ~raticn1 abc,,.,e 150,0 iigi.,3, or c:Lr~ 11111rgancy an:! 1pills, Fol.l.CII, applicable res¢nicor ll9e stmmrds .rd n!gUJ.at.1ais.
VENTll,ATl()N
Do !J0C use 1n elaaaj or ainfinal space. ~ doors trd/or windows, Use ventilit.ion to ma1ntain ~ lavtl~ balaw O .5 ""'1,.J.
SK1N oQOrtcTION wear rv1.., neoprenl!, nitrile .La.tex or equivalent gloves an! t4lhtly ~ cloch11¥: 1:x:.tw11: 1~ alee\'e shirt whe'1 hmilirw flake ar a,lid r>enta. lhen eiixi!"I peni:a solutiC111, ;ear protecti'II! clot~, Jµ,°""8 a-d boou er al1lee, -.hich an suitab.le for the solvent being used, r:,f »~UT£(.;T1Qfrll
llear wety gl.1sses. Ccnuct leraes sluud noc 2 wom. lll8l1 ~ penta eoluciorll, 1oear d-mical gqiglu lll'd/ or !11CB altield.
~'f'Q~NE
AW1d o:intact wi ch skin ..i breachirg cblt, Do not ¥t, dnri<, or :r.ck.e in worlc area. Wash hands prier to eat~, dr1ridllt or ua~ r.&troCJII. Ch&1!e into unc:cntsninated clothing I-dare l.eav1rg wor:ic pt"ll'llisea. (~u to Seecia, VIII),
OT•E~ CONTAOI. MEASUAl!S
To decemine tl'e 8llf0jure 1-1(1), llDl1itorir4J slnlld be perfcnned regularly. Safety 9/'oo!r and e)'e -h statia, 9h:ul.d bl llllllilAb.le, lbc:e: Procl!Ctilll! equir:,ment Sid clothitc stu..ld t:a selected.
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-------------------------------------,
VIII -STORAGE ANO HANDLING PRECAUTIONS
Fallaw protect.1\18 ClllltrulAI set !orth 1n Sect!'"' vu IA-..n hardlill! thu Pt"nduct. Stol'I! 1n ptq,erly lat.led o:ru:aireni 1n dry, sell -.entilated seo.u-e .u-ea. ThorCl.1$ly wuh potentWly ccr1tmnated clot~ befor-e ~-Do = l..uider wor1c cloct-es with otrer rat-c.Cflt&nated cloches .rd/or ro.uiehold JauMry. c:oncam1na.ted clothirg, lxiou or c,qui::,ll!nc •lulld rot tJ! takan 1-cn!. Do rot rem,ve er daf aai l.sl2.l.
Do rot t'l!!llM dnzs or t:axes tor ;rry p.irpose.
Coocainl!r Di•posal: ~lecely ~ty dr.z:i or liner into 11ppllc.:,tiC1"1 equiµll!nt, Triple rinse cc clean ~cy druus, l..1.nen a-d blod< wrapp1.~ 1n accordata With 40 era 261 .7(b)(J) prtor to ctferill! for reccn:Ut1~, re,:~ or ocrmr dis!X)!Ml, ,or ~da:a, cmtact the rearest EPA rt\ltional affioe or Staca Age~ auttw:lriz.ed to a:in1:\1it1r t:he Reswroe Coniervac:ion am !!ecovury Act (~,
IX -SPILL L!AK ANO DISPOSAL PRACTICES sr,~s TC BE TMEN IN CASE MA TEAIAL IS RE LEA.SEO OR SP"-.LEO
Ventilate Sl)ill .an.a ard avoid ~ea~ du.st or vapors. Clean up ,;pilled auterial (...,ar procecci..., equii:-r,t -See Section VII) ard plaoe 1n clOSEd a:>ntainer for :-llfflN use 1f possi!lle or prwer dispo,;al. Pe,u i9 tad.c to fish a-d wildlife; do '1ClC allaw to cont<lllinate !!Ta.ind or 11Jrfaoe waten. Reportable ~icy (~) is 10 11:a. l;oti!y National R.esponse Center (!l00/4Z~) of uncontrollad spills 1n -s of ~.
WASTE UISPOS.._ METHOO
P.stic.ld.e DuJX)S&l: Pl!sUcide wastes are acutely h<lzardous. tnt,rCf)er dhpasal of exc:es• pastictde, •Pt"ay mixture oc rinsatA! ts a vialaUon of fede raJ. law. rt thi&a wasces c:amot be d1spcsod of by use accorn.1.ng to label l.natruction1, contact :,,rue State Pest1cido or ~rcn:ental Control Agency, or tho nazardcu.s • .. asce rep~ac1ve at the nearest EPA ~anal office for ~c!.=,
X -TRANSPORTATION
DOT ~AZA~O cu.ss1,1CA fl()N
CA-t-E, llazartbl8 Subl unca, n.o.s., ~
~·_.i.,.;.;..1:,.. ;.:_,.,;u;;:;c.:i
ICllle
L.A,8EL ~!OUIAEO
(Ht-£, z..beJ. as requlrad ~EPA~ by 09iA fmArd C.amu11cat1on St:Aniard, an! "1T'f appllc.tbla 6tate an1 loalJ. 11!gUhticn,.
Medical EmergencfH
Calf collect 24 hours a day for emergency toxlcofogfcal
Information 4151821 ·5338
Other Emergency Information
Call 316,524-5751 (24 hours)
0A T( 01' PREPARATION: Oc:tolllr I, !987
For any other information contact:
Vulcan Chemicals
· Technical Servica Department
P.O. Box 7889
Blnnlngham, AL 35253-0689
2051877•3459
8 AM to 5 PM Central Time
Monaay through Friday
HOTtCI; Vu&c.,i Cl'!.....ca11 O.IMWfl ,,,.,, rt,e .,.to,matiM CClf'lldl,,._, O" 1t-,a ..,,. • ..,..,.,. ~•ot11Y 0•1• ~ltOt-, .~1,or11,. T"" '•'Y'JV»l90 o,:,r~i..11.~ .uvU.&M<JU'I ,.,,1,.,.,_.,_. ,_. h .;' .. ,,. -:,1• ()f l)ubl,c;..,11on T"'ev •• i,oi n~1ts.G.>11hJ1 ,111.,r-c11.a1m,e "M'V ••.lh• ·•'-""· .. , .. ,.., •-•· .... A.-···---·
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•
METER REAOOUT
PAOII
i>OWER SUPPLY
iOC CONVERTER)
I ,.t.N
I AMPLt,ilA
ION CHAMBER
l u.v.
LIGHT
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GAS
17
Rl!AOOUT ASSIM9L Y
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a: "' z ell gJ ::
<.l
U I/ LIGHT
SOURCE
..
~~°_ ____ -_•_so ________ _
PROSE
zz ,a
OC·OC
CONVIRTIII
------------
20
SPAN
CONTROL
27--COMMON
111--,ANVOI.TAGI
Z.I TO ,.av
NOTI; ALL VOL TAQIS SMOWN ARI NOMINAL VALUIS.
-----
METER
READOUT
---

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-
-l!!!!!I == -iiiil -
:n,, zn.
Cit~
It'd.
\L
t lfN
---@------<,5~ I~\ 't_ •a
,11. Ho
It\!,
lo.'lL
L..-+-t---------l----------4--J.:-__!IOQ:IIL B
Rl
82DJl!
,----....1
Rt.
WIL ,---...-----4c:----~---------~~~~~~.i)---<tt~<--II~· (I
~l{_·.
'-) .u. ~-uia~ 111N: '-' ... c..c aa. <--""· a !.'I.. 'Z.) l1't. SllNll~IU\~°lt1. ~E. HMI.) o,wi.. OfWlOS1IA.
~ na. 'P. (.. tN.StUL ~ tea l:Nlt.•8'1ltEP!
~ ~ ~ •~PD'\I ~~ \U.lt»lb."-BIDOSB'J.. 5_) .. 1'S,~ ~ °" ~-l" \JIMU._.
l
FIGURE 4-5
SCHEMATIC OIAGRAM, AL.ARM ROARD
.,.. l'lo
• •
I ----·,~1. -~ ., ., ~, , , ,'----'------'-,· ,----7 ---,-;✓ ~-
I ' ~ ---;;, Sri I 7'
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~ ---i------,-,"' ~-. t/ F"----, I -~---.II
•
... ....
-0 .. ...
•
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~
..
'" ,.,111
.... I . -:1· ... I,~ .. .. ... "·-· --· ' ••
,,.
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-0~ -.. • ,. .... .. . • ,, ... • • • -... • -.. •
':I I I I ... I -I
I I -I .... .. • I
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I I -··~,.-I •~::,ooe& I II---------~-----------
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5. T'l•uS SC)oo(lr.lAT'lC ;5 l'Ooll USI '"-1'!'1-t 90All0S ST.Ulflfrr,jQ WITI-I 5!,IIIAL "10 ~471.
ao••os ••10111"01471 us1 s010010.. •1\1 J.
'
FIQUAI ,.e
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM, Pl 101
0,i,,.,_._. IC
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Is ! '3 • 1 ~ ·" " -. ; • ;
L--".,u .. -. .. ~
•• !II • • ' • ::.:~~ '-I I • P•I , _u". ~ -: I :i -
-·
';' • " ..
lfJ ,,~ -, . • • il
~ ~
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ii'f
'\ ! ~ S L_A_ -~(•)-.. --
-__ : ·---,r---.(.~4-1--I--_-,:!
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•
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,---+--""'vv-~.
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l!!!!!!!!I 1!!111 -== ;;;a liilil -- - - - - - - - - - - -
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SECTIO/; 5
:-:a:n:e~a~c:<? of the analyzer consists of ela3nin; t!ie lamp
and ion eha~b~r, re~laeement of the 13mp or other eooponant
parts or sub3sse~blies.
CAUTIO:::
Turn the function switch on the control panel to
the OFF position before any disarsembly.
Otherwise, hish voltage of 1200 V DC will be
present,
Use great C3re when operetin~ the analyzer uith
the readout asse:bly outside its ease due to the
presenea of 1200 V DC.
Do not look at the lisht source fro~
than r: inehea with unprotected eyes.
only briefly, Continued exposure to
energy generated by the light sourea
harcful to eyesight,
any closer
Observe
ultraviolet
ean be
Do not interehan~e lamps of different eV ratings
in a probe, A~plifier and components are
selected for a speeifie eV lao~. A rrobe ~1th
the vrong lamp will not operate pro~erly.
5. 2 UV LA!!? A'.·'.D ro1: CHAl!BI::R CLEAKI!!G
Durin~ periods of operation of the analyzer, dust or other
forei:n matter eould be drawn into the probe forming deposits on
the surface of the UV laop or in the ion chamber. Thia
condition 11 indicated by ■eter readings that are low, erratic,
unstable, non-repeatable, or drifting, or show apparent moisture
sensitivity, Th••• deposits interfere with the ionization
process and cause erroneous reading,. Check for this condition
monthly or as required. Cleaning ean be 1ccompli1hed 11
follows:
a, Disassemble the probe and remove the lamp and ion
ehaober (see Section 5.5), Exerei1a great eare in
doin; so to prevent inadvertent damage to th•••
eooponents.
b. First eheek the lamp vindov for fouling by lookins at
the surface at an incident angle, Any deposits, files
or discoloration oay interfere with the ionization
process. Clean the win~ow as. follows:
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a) First clean ~Y rub~i~3 cently 11it~ lees
t1ss~~ ~ip~~t in 3 detcrccnt solu:ion.
h) !: t~is do~~,,not rec,ove deoo~it, apply a s~.~11 acount of.!.• cl~ac1n; co:::~ound (=AIS!S:~)
directly onto t~e lens of t~e 13:::~ an~ spre~d eve~ly over surface with a non-ahrasive tisrue
(e,£, ::i:::-i"ipe) or a lens tissue.
c) Pi~e off coc?ound with a new ti~sue.
d) Rinse with ware water (about ~0 de~rees F) 0 ~ damp tissu~ to remove 311 traces of ~r:t or oils and any static charge t~at mar ~ave ' built up on the lens, Dry with new tissue.
e) ?.einstall lair.p in detector and chec!: analyzer operation.
f) If performance is
replace the lacp,
Section :, .
:) 11.7 eV lamp
a) Clean by putting a
organic solvent on
gently.
still not satisfactory
See Section 5,: and
freon or chlorir.ated
a tissue and rubbing
b) DO NOT CLEAN THIS LA~P ~!Te ~,Ts~ O?. A''Y lAT:~ i:ISCI£,LE SOLVE~!TS (methanol or acetone). It will damage the lamp.
c) DO NOT U5E THE CLEANING CO::POU''D used for the 9.5 and l".2 eV lamps under any circucsta~:es on the 11,7 eV lamp.
c. Then inspect the ion chamber for dust or particulate deposits, If 1uch matter is pre1ent, the chamber can b~ cleaned hy removina tha outer Teflon rin~, end the four screws holdina tha ratainins rins. Carefully move the ret1inin1 rin1 aaida (NOTE: this is soldered) and remove tha screen. A tissue or cotton swab, dry or wetted with methanol, can be used to clean off any 1tubborn deposits. The a11eobly can also ba gently swirled in methanol and dried 1ently at 50-E0 degrees C for approxi~atelr a half hour, Ho liquid ~ust be present at reassembly as this would affect tha parforoance. Do not clean the ion chamber with the HHU cleaning coopound cited above in para, b,l)b).
d, Reassemble the probe and check analyzer operation.
e. If perfor~ance is still not satisfactory replace the la~~-See Section 5,:.
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To rc:,lJce t':c lar,n, disasscc:ble the proba, rec,ove the olc la~p. install a nev one of t~e sane cV ratinG and rcc~scr,~lc.
-------
,ere the function switch on the control p~nel to t~c OF: position before disassec:bly. Otherwise, high voltase of 12 >(1 V DC will be present.
Set the SPA:: pot to~.: for the l~.: eV la:p. ne~ove the readout assec:bly c&se (see Section 5,f). Locate the ~:in control potentio~eter, R6!, en the power supplr board as sho~n on Figure 6-1, Recalibrate t~e analyzer adjustins this potantio~eter, ~&C, with a scall scrawdriver to obtain the specified''"' readins, leavin; the SPA~ pot set at 9.~.
For the S,5 end 11.7 eV laops seo the Application Octa S1:eet or c:11brations meco for the prcper span pot settinas and rer.cin:;s.
-------
-------
Uae creat care when operatinR the an4lyzer with the readout a11eobly out11de its ca1e due to the pre1ence of 1100 V DC.
~·hen calibration ii accocplished, turn the analyzer OFF and replace the reedout a11eohly in its ca•••
Adjustment of
la~p is installed.
acco~plished usin~
R,3 potentioaetar 11 uaed only vhen a nev At all other times adju1tment 11 the SPA~ control potentiooeter.
If cali~ration cannot be achieved, see Section~ Troubleshooting.
"........ ~ ...
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·.eter-erratic,
u:i5:~1Jlc or
~on-rc~cat~ble
~-Drifting ~eter or
ap~arent eoisture
sensitivit7
a. Loose ca:-lc
connection
h, rirty or loose
~eter connections
c. Conta~ination in
ion cha~~cr
d, Power supply bocrd
faulty
e. !Instable or nois~
lt:,p
f. Function switch in
hi:;h r,:in, most
sensitive position
b' Fsn not o~oretinR
properly
h, Gas tlow slow or
sto:,ped
1, litter contacts
dirty or loose
a, Jon chamber
conta~inated
,o ' '' '
~t co~t:ol ~~~=l. ~
re:cr. 7ir~tc~ cab
rcr,~iref.
S r.••· r -. ' -
l ) C ',cc I: ,, ~ t c r con~ e c ~ i ~ ~ s •
Cle~n ~r~ ti~h:en as
rcquircc'.
:) Clean ion cha~ber,
(sec Section 5."}.
1) See 7-d-l above,
1) Observe la~p. (Ioportant-
see VARNI~G in Section
'.', l). If operation not
steacy, replace la~p.
1) Unsts~le ceter operation
is co~=on vith function
sv1tch in ~ost sensitive
position, Turn svitch to
less sensitive ?Osition
if dcuirsble.
l) r.eplace fan.
1) See f-a-1 above.
l) Clean snd ti~hten
con tac ti:.
l) Clean ion chamber,
(see Section 5,2).
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Pad Si:;nal
~: J~=
Vol ta"e
( '/ '.'('. j ------------------------------------------------------------l
4
5 ,
7
9
10
11
12
13
1 i:
1;
Li
17
I !'
19
22
33
2attery ?0Sitive (+)
Ground
2attery charger{+)
Low Battery Indicator
Low ~att•ry Indicator
~i-Volt Relay Disconnect
Battery Char~er (-)
Battery negative(-)
Battery Negative(-)
Hi-volt P.elay Disconnect
AJ"\[llifier Signal
Si~n3l divider for· span control
tt II It It It
II
II
II
II
" "
It
II
"
II
II
"
II
II
" Ion Cha~ber acceleratiac volto;e
Zero adjust volt•~• power
Fan !,otor
A::iplifier Power
Fan Motor
UV Lar.:p
Output Signal to lleter
3attery Chee!: Voltage
f!ot Used
Sign~l Feedbacl:
Ground
Grounc!
!!o t Used
Ground
Ground
Alarl!I set power
Alar ■ set povar
-12
-11 to -15
-11 to -15
-11 to -15
0 or -12 ,"'\ to -5
" "
" " II
+ 1.: ~
+15 to +11
-10.e V nol'linal
(see NOTE:) -~.5 co -1:,.s
-1!· .• S no~inal
(see Section 4,")
up to -1200
(see Section t,a)
0 to -3
-ll to -15
O to -5
C ---(j
0
+10
+7
NOTES: l. For Pad location, see Fisure 5-1.
2. Differential potential for fan motor between
pads 19 and 21 vill be betvaan 2.6 and 3.6 V DC.
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PAO 8
BATTERY VOLTAGE
-11 TO -15 V
•
PAO 22
UV LAMP VOLU.GE
-300 v WITH PROBE
CONNECTED
.1 200 V WITH PROBE
01SCONNECTEO
- --,,-~ •
'
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GAIN CONTROL POT Ro&a
PAOS a, TO 19 ,a, LOWSIOE)
FAH MOTOR a.e TO 3.11 V
l'IQUAI e-~ SUPPLY PCI PAD LOCATION. POWI
•
PAO 17
10N CHAMBER
ACCELERATING
VOLTAGE
+180 TO +181 V
Pac
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Si~~ctl \ar.:e l'oltace (V DC)
-----------------------------------------------------------------
A Gr-ound 0
E Span Control Settin:; var-ying
C Zer-o Adjust varyin:;
D Ar.iplifier Power -~:. : to -lC.S
E Acplifier Siunal 0 to -5, 0
F Zero Adjust Voltasa +1: to +21
3 Zero Adjutt Volta1:1a varyini;
PAGE s-e
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VoltasC (V DC) -----------------------------------------------------------------
A
B
C
D
E
F
H
J
[
T -
I:
" ..
:'an ::otor -14, 5 nor.iinal
( see };OTE)
Zero Ac!just varying
Fon tiotor -lC.6 nominal
( see t:OTE)
UV Lil~P up to -1:!':•:,
(see Section I. ' ) •, . ·-
Anplifier Si;nal 0 to -s.o
Ground 0
Span Control Settins varying
Ground 0
Zero ac!just V.oltage +12 to +21
Zero /.(!just varying
Ion Chi:cibar accelerating +FO
volta;e
Acplifier Po,•cr -~-. 3 to -10.S
NOTE: Differential potential for fan cotor between pcds 1~
and 21 vill ba batveen 2.6 and 3.6 V DC.
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:: i ..
Pin -Voltaqe ('.' DC) ------------------------------------------------------------
Al.:rr.. s~t r,c t, high enc +: . l
A l~ri7'1 set power +7
Alarm power 0 or -1 ~ to -15
Alar~ set +C.C-2 to +5.l
Alar~ board po11er + 1 (,
Ai.:t'!i!i<!r po 1:er -9.: to -1i:-·.s
i Alar::: s I! t pot, low end +.'' I', ... , ..... --
Ground 'J
Si l.1~pli::ier signal 0 to -~. r,
PACI:: 6-10
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P,\~TS LISTS
T~is scc~1on lists 3~d she~~ the location o! all J3rtc of the Photoic~iz£ticn Analyzer subject to repair and repizcernent. \'he~ orderin; ~3rts, specify r.'.Odel and serial numbers as well as part nu . .,bcr. ~<?turn ell defective w3rrant, parts to 1:•;J Syste:'ls Inc. Obtain a Rett:i;n r:aterials Authorization ::ucbcr (R,iA!') from Service Der3rtrncnt.
PACE 7-1
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?:irt o.
48-DAloc,40
54-0BlOCJ9
s:-DA100033
79-AA l (,('11 l
70-PA 10010
, i !-.' ~: ·-:: 1: 1: , .. 17
-----------------
3
s
'i
10
11
Assc~.~ ly
Probe randle
Probe Shell Asse~bly
Exhaust Sere,:
Fan/Li;ht Socrce Asse~bly
1 : . 2 e '! Selected
(Specity Appl. l
fan exhaust esse~blr
a~plifier board
ion c~acber assenbly, s~. aoerture (J.C r.~)
ion cr.e~:er asscc~ly, sc. aperture sole!
ion chanber assecbly, 1~. aperture(~.( n~)
ion chamber asse~bly, lg. aperture gold
End cap for probe
End cap screw
Probe extension
12, l!, 14, 15 "O" rine kit
l ,,
17
!Z pin cor.ncction
Probe cable v/conncctor (S3/ft. over 3')
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? art :-: o.
2.S-6E0-4C2
45-DA101316
''.IJ~,:L P!-1-1
(Soe Fig. 7-:C)
l _ 3 ,, 5 :, 7 : S· ! ~ \ l
Asser.,bly --------------------------------------
l
t,
r:
7
n
l 1
Front iieter Gloss
Pot (SJ)lln)
:>ot (.:ero)
?ower Sup~ly Eoard
fuses, bo:-: of 12
Battery
Grayhill switch
PAGE: 7-3
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-' -. --
., 0. --------
/,('. __ · :: 1 :-.\!
V:,::
'. : (' ~\ :~ r. :, I :.
(sec :i;. ,-.J
l ~ .:,,
-----------------
5
--------------
c~~r~~r, ~~ttery: ,~ -~.
l:~ V AC, l ,~ i~,ut
Case, reacout asse~bly
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TA!:LE 7-1
? a r t ~! o •
101-300
lCl-3:l
181-350
lJl-351
101-5j(I
!'AP.TS LIST
ACCESSO?.I£S
(~o fi~ur(! is ?rovide~ for t~is list.)
!:escription
-----------
Portable Recorder
Has a 2'' chart width with l"/hour chart
speed. Operates on 12 v DC pow~r froc
analyzer. Complete with c~lticonductor,
inter!ace cable for battery po11er and signal
and ~ountinc bracl:st for attochini; recorder
to side of analyzer.
Ct.r.rt !'cper
ror portcble rocoraer, rolls.
Multiconductor Interface Cable
For recorder, contain, leads for connecting
recorder to analyzer, )In~ludad in port
lrl-300 above)
Calibration Gas Cylinder
Contain, 2Z liters of span gas 1~ air
(3:0 psi) sufficient for 40-50 calibrations.
(4" diameter by 12" hich).
P.ei;ulator
For use 1-'ith calibration cylinder, ,·!od(!l
101-!~C, cocplete ~1th sauges for reading
both cylinder pressure and flow,
Cleanin; Compound
For removin; dopoaits !roe "'indov of 9,5 or
10,2 eV lamp (not tho 11,7 eV laop.)
PAGE: 7-5
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~ ---' . l. ,,//' _,,... I I'
'" \ 13 15iONREARl
I 2 (INTERNA~I / , , 'Y 7/
/ .
//
/
7
"
'1
3 (IEHINO PANEL)
FIG
2 (BEHIND PANEL)
4 (BEHIND PANEL)
lilliil 11i111i1 lilllll -liilm lilllil 11111 lliliil laiiil llililil lliill _, llliiiil lllil lillii'I _. liiill iaiil 111i1i11
II
5
i -• " .. :.
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Tr.is
~e:rtincnt
s:=:crro:: ~
section contain: t~c follo,:in~ ~t~itional i~!or~ation
to t~c ?I 1:1 Analyzer,
Section
3. 1
S.4
Subject
Static Calibration
Calibration Checl:ing with Isobutyle~e
Calibration with Alternate Gas
Uncelibratad Operation
Ionizction Tables
l'arranty
Publications List
PAG::: C-1
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... -,.. -.... '. .: -,_ . .;. ~. CO C.: •
A tech n i ~ ·a e kn o 1: n n s s t" tic cal i oration i s v er 7 us cf u l ,: :-. e ~
i : i s d cs ired to c ~ li t rat e ·.: i : h a ? art i cu la r s pc c i al r:: ix tu re
rE:~er than an availa~le sta~dard. The proce~urr is:
a. Select an inert container of known volu~e, e.~ •• a 6
lite~ Teflon bas, and clean by fillin2 with
:-.·.:~~~c3rjon-free 3ir and exhaustin• t;rce or four t' ~ lC\e S. The container and fittings should have rinir::al
interaction with the ;as to be used.
b. Fill the container with hydrocarbon-free air bec1:ecn
sanples and test with the analyzer. ~epeat several
times to determine the backsround level in the
container. Correct instruoent response by subtracting
this back;round for accurate results.
c. Fill a small, inert gas-tiiht 3yrinse (slass/Teflon)
(e.~ •• I cc) with the desired sas and inject into the
container. See the sample celculitions. If the desired
r::aterial is a liquid at room temperature, a sncller
syrinse (e.g., I ul or 10 ul) is used. Inject a known
volu::ie of the liquid into the container. Touch the
syrin~e tip to the inside of the container to remove any
residue droplets. A needle on the syringe is not
necessary, but if one is used, it should be used
throu;hout or delivery errors nre possible.
d. Fill the container with a known volume of clean air and
stopper the contai~er. A lar;e srrin;e, such as the
II · l " ., 1 S 1 V\t'\ ( 1 ' l i ) i d ., .aoi ton :.01.:e ---· -•.. ters s rccor:::ien e ••
Calibrated flowceters nay also be used. The accurac; of
this calibration method is directly dependent on the
accuracy used to measure the species involved.
e, Wait several minutes until the gas is well mixed or the
liquid is evaporated and mixed. Check for liquid in the
container before proceedin;. If the liquid does not
completely evaporate, the correct concentrations will
not be aeea in the gas phase. Warming the bag may be
necesaary to ensure complete evaporation.
f. Connect the probe inlet to the container makins sure
there are no leaks. ·
CAUTIO~: Work in a hood if hazardous gases are used,
WARNING --------Bo very careful to note the toxic levels and the Lower
Explosive Licits for personal safety, The PI lQl is c
nondestructive analyzer and must be used in a hood when
e~librating with toxic or hazardous aaterials.
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SECTIO~ C.l, STATIC CALIERA7Io~ cont.
S· Allow the analyzer to S£~~lc froo the container.
Co~pression of t~e cont~iner by han( ~~y be necessary
since the analy:er will not sanple QCros~ ~ prcs5ure
dro~. The analyzer flo~ is about 100 -:~s cc/~in an~
s~all c~angcs will not effect the readin;, Ho,·ever, the
flo~ should be constant.
11. Ob~erve the readin3s during c~lihr~tion to ensure that
the ga~ i~ well mixed and there arc no concentration
3radients within th• container, This will be evident by
uniforn neter readin~s.
i. r.ecord the readin~ after about 10 seconds. The readin1
should be stable for up to 2 ~inutes since the flow rate
is lGG to 200 cc/min. Large fluctuations in flow could
effect the readin~s.
j, Adjust the SPA~ control to set the analyier to be direct
readins at a concentration level near the ran~e to be
used.
k. Prepare 5 or r, different concentrations of the
calibration gas and plot the instrument readings versus
concentration in p~m (v/v) to obtain a calibration
curve, Clean the container between. each point. For
spot chec~in3 the calibration, two levels close to the
neasured concentration t·hich agree to within 1~~ are
acceptable. Concentrations lower than !DO ppo of a gas
can be prepared by diluting a lGO or 200 p,a level with
clean air. l!ovevor, do not dilute a eixture by more
than a factor of lC. A bias in the calibration curve
could indicate preparation/container effects, such as
"han3-up" on the walls of the container at high levels
resultin3 in lover readin;c. At low leTels, the
co:pound may diffuse out or evaporate off the walls
resulting in bigher readin~•• Gentle heating should
alleTiate this condition.
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·· ppr:: to l ?ercent (sec ~OTE \)
Sar::plc Calcu:ations:
Gaseous 5ar::plc: _Assume 0,15 ml of a pure gas, e.;., vinyl
chlorije, is injected into the cont3iner with 1,5 li,crs of
hyd:oc~rbon-free air by the syrin;e. The concentration
:,en is:
volu~e injected (r::l) O.lSr.:l ,..
--------------------X vessel voluce (ml)
L1~u1d s~~~le: Assu~e 1.~ □i:roliters of a volatile liGuid such
as toluene is injected into the container and 1.3 liter
syrin3e filled with hydrocnrbon-free air is added.
The conce~tretion then is:
vol~!'le injected (ml) x density (g/cl)
x molar voluce (liters/mole) C,
----------------------•--------------------------------•-• X 10 nolecular weight (g/mole) x volume of air (liters)
-·-1 l . ,-/ l 'I ') 1· / l '· .. · r:: i: c. • a , 1 1:1 x • , • . 1 t C! rs mo e
--------------------------------------pp!'l ( see 'iOTE 2)
~: s/r::ole x l.S liters
NOTES: 1. Lar~er gas and liquid syrinses aro needed for
the upper portion of this range.
-------~!ARNING -------
Noto the toxic levels and the Lower
Explo11ve Licit• for personal safety, The
Pl 101 11 a nondestructive analyzer and must
be uaed in a hood when calibratinR with
toxic or hazardous caterials.
2. The colar volume of toluene at 20 oC and one!
atmosphere is 24,0. This value must be corrected
for the actual conditions, otherwise errors as
hish es 201. mi~ht be encountered. Corrections
are r::~dc usin~ the st~ndard ~as lavs.
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The c3litr3tion of t~c cnalyzer can ~c rapidly chec'.:ed ~•
:;-;~ use o~ an :~::Lr s~~ll disfos~~lc c·;linc!~r c~:it~ini~"'; ·
is ob u t y le~ e ( :':: 'J r n l · : -, ; , ) ,: :. c ·1 a :-~: ~ l 2: J :-(::: 'j r n , ·: ~ -: :; l .
At t~c f~ctory, t~c ane~;:cr is first cali~rated 0 ~ the
~esired gas standard at the specified concentration, !hen a
=ecscre=enc is =ade with isobutylene.
Ti1~ p~~ readinn clonG with t~e s,~~ settin: usi~~
isobutylene is recorded in the cali~r~tion report. -
In service, the anal:•:er cali~ration can be cr:~:':cd a~1
readjusted if ~ecezsnry ~y usin; this cylin~er an~ re~ul~tor ~s follo1;s:
a. Connect the analyzer to the re~ulator and cylinder with
a short piece (butt connection) of tubins as shown in
Firur~ ~-1. The calibration ~as in the c;lin~cr
consists of a ~i~ture of iso~~tylcne and zero air.
Isobutylene is nontoxic and safe to u~e in confined
arccs. There are no listed e~~osurc levels at any
concentration.
The resulator sets and controls the flow rate of gas at
a value preset at tho factory. This will be about 10G
to :C1'J cc/min.
It is important that the tubin; be clean since
contaminated tubins will effect the calibration readin~.
Do not use the cylinder below about 3~ psi3 as readings
below thot level can deviate up to 1r~ from the rated
value.
Safely discard the disposable cylinder ,:hen e=pty,
Do not refill this cylinder.
It is against the law to tra~sport refilled cylinders.
b, \·!ith the SP1.:: settina and the function s,-:itch at the
same positions as listed in the Application Data Sheet
or Calibration Report, open the valve on the cylinder
until a steady reading is obtained,
c. If the readin; is the same as the recorded d~to, the
analyzer calibration for the original species of
interest 11 still correct.
d. If the readina hes chan~ed, adjust the SPA~ setting
until the readina is the saoe.
e. Shut off the cylinder as soon as the rcadins is
established,
f, Record end maintain this ne. SPAN setting. Then
recalibrate the analyzer on the species of interest es
soon as possible,
g. Whenever tho analyzer is recalibrated, it is to be
immediately checl:ed with the small cylinder an~ the
readin~ recorded. This csn then be csed for later
checking in the field.
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?ROBE EXTENSION
~UTT CONNECTION
AIGULATOfl
\/Al.VI!
CYUNDIII
ll'IGURI! 1·1
CAUIIIIATION CHl!CKINO SIT•UP
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con i:..
If a calibration star::ar~ \:it~1 t:':e s.:i:".".C tr:ic-~ ;3 J ~s t:"'.at
to be ~~asure~ is not n~ailable or i~ ~~=ar~ous, it is ~ossibla
to use an al:crnate cali~ration gas. In this case, c~c e~?c:ce~
reading for calibration ~ust be co~?en~ated for the di::ere~ce
bet~een t~e t~o gases. In operation, the □ctcr will then give a
direct reading of the gas being measured.
T~is calibration is illustrated in the follo~in~ exa □ples:
(PS• ?hotoionization Sensitivity. See Table ~-1~)
a, Given a case in which:
I) T~e trace gas to be □e3sured is Vinyl Chloride
(PS • :.•~)
2) The calibration 3as to be used is Isobut;lene
(PS• 7,0) at a 10S pp~ level
~hat is tho pp □ readinc to be ~hen calibratin~ to
~ive a direct reading when ceasurins Vinyl
Chloride?
The required readin3 for calibration ~ill be:
PS(Isob)
• Isobut;lene P?□ --------------P:,(Vin Chlor)
i,O
• lOC x s.o
In this exaople, using a calibration gas with 100 ppc of
Isobutylene, adjuet the SPAN control ao the meter reads 140 ppm.
In operation, the instrument will then give a direct reading of
the ppm of Vinyl Chloride,
b, Given a case in which:
1) The trace aas to be measured in Benzene (PS• 10.0)
2) The calibration gas to be uaed 11 I1obut7lene
(PS• 7.0) at a level of 100 ppm
3) ~hat 11 the ppE reading to be when celibrating to
give a direct readin; when ceasurin& Benzene.
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- • . I S .\ 5 CO:-'.: •
:~c required rco~in~ for cali~ratio~ ~ill~~·
?S(Iso'l)
• Iso~uty2e~e P?~ v -----------
i'S(cc~zene)
In chis exanple, usin; a cali~racion S3S wich lJ: ppn of
Iso~ucylene, adjusc Che SPA~ concrol so che necer reo~s 70 ppn.
In operacion, Che inscrunent will then give a direct readinn of the P?n of Scr.zcne,
c, Given a case in which:
2) 1ne level of !i2S for which it is to be calibrattd
is C:0 r,p:-:i,
3) The calibration sas available is Isohutylene
(PS• i,Q)
L) 1'hat ppm level of Isobutylene is required co pernit
~irect reading of E:S, calibrating at its "0 ppc
level.
The required Isobutylene level for C3libration will be:
PS('.!:S)
• H:S pp~ x ---------
• 60 X
2.e
7. ')
• :?4,'.) ppa:
PS(Isob)
In this example, using a calibration gas with 2£,n ppm of
Isobutylene, adjust the SPAK control so the meter reads 60 ppm.
In operation, the instrument will then give 3 direct reading of
the ppm of H2S,
Cara is to be taken when working with flammable gas samples
to stay below the Lower E~plosive Licit (LEL) and with hazardous
or toxic gases to star belov the Threshold Licit Value (TLV)
safe working level.
If difficulties ar~ encountered in calibr3tion, the user
should con~ult the loctl :~;:u reprcsontati\·e.
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~est o~cration of the a,alvzer i~ a:co~?lis~ed by its cali~ratio~ for the gas tote ceasured. In cases ,:here it beco~es necessarr to operece 1:ith a scs for which it hns not been cali~rated and recalibration is not possible, correction can be :adc to the meter readin;.
One ~ethod is by use of a chart. Figure 2-2 is such a chert. It shows pcrforoance curves for various cases tein• ceasured by an instruoent with a !C.2 eV laop and calibrat;d for benzene. This illustrates the effect of the different se~sitivities of gases. These curves can be used directly ~or correcting a meter reading if the instrument is calibrated for benzene and is =easurin~ one of the pases sho11n. For e~ac~le, if tl1e ~3s bein; oessured is Propylene and the reeding is : ppc, then the actual concentration is about 21) ppm. A s~cond r.ethod is to oultiply the oeter rca~ing by a correction f~ctor as follo~s:
PS (Cal gas)
Actual ppc • ppo reading x ----------------PS (Trace gas)
in ,:hich
PS is the photoionization sensitivity of each of t~e t1.·o :ases. Table ,:-14 ~ives a list of the relative photoiontzetio, sensitivities of a nunber of 3pccific seset vith which the analy:er night be used. Use of this octhod is illustr3te~ by the follo~inc examples:
a. Instrument calibrated for £enzene (PS• IC.:) and oecsuring Acetone (PS• 6.3)
10. •J
Actual pp~• ppm readins x ----
• ppm readins x 1.5
b, Inatruoent calibrated for Vinyl Chloride (PS ■ 5,0) and Qeasuring Carbon Disulfide (PS• 7,1)
s.o
Actual pp=• ppm reading x
7. 1
■ ppo reading x 0,7
These values are valid only for an analyzer vith a 10.2 eV laop. Different sensitivities occur with~-~ an~ ll,7 eV la~~s.
I ...
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I 50 Benzene
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40
I e CS2
8: Acetone -
.~ 30 MIBK I ,:,
" Vinyl Chloride Ill a:
I c 20 Propylene ! ::, H2S ~ ~ I 10 Heptane
I 0
I 0 10 20 30 40 50
Concentration (ppm)
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I FIGUAI 8•2
TYPICAL OUTPUT CUAV1!S-
I ANALYZER WITH 10.2 1V LAMP
CALIBRATED FOR BINZENI! Pa903-•0
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8-32 X 3/8
FLAT HEAD
2 PLACES
ST.l,N0BY 0•2000
B•T~·200
o .. '9; 0->0
ZERO
0
-sv
j§)
RECORDER
RED TIP JACK
STRAP SUPPORT
RECORDER
' ' I I
~8-32X""6 !
FLAT HEAD
2 PLACES
RECORDER
BRACKET
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s:-:c:ro:: cont.
Io~iz~tio~ 7ablcs
!onizaticn ,otential~ for varinl!S ~to~s, ~,le:ules, a~~
co-;oun~s ~re :iven in 7ables .·-1 t!~ru :-12. !oniz~tion
sa~sitjvi:i?~ ar~ ~~~roxi~~te s,~n scttin;s for 1 1 .: eV, 11.7
eV, ar~ 0 .~ eY la~?S are ;iven in !ables [-ll, :-15, and :-1~
respectively.
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TABLE B.1
SOME ATOMS ANO SIMPLE MOLECULES
IP(o'-1 IP (el/I
... 1 3 535 '2 9 28
C 11 264 HF 15.77
N 14 54 MCI 12.74
0 1 3 614 HBr 11 .e2
s, e. 1 •9 HI 10.38
s 10.357 S02 12.34
F 1 7 42 CO2 13.79
Cl 13.01 cos 1 , . 1 8
e, 11 e, CS2 1008
10.48 N20 12.90
H2 1 s.,2e N~ 9.78
N2 15 580 03 12.80
02 12.075 -+20 12.59
co 14.01 H2S 10.41
CN 15.13 H2S. 9.H
NO 9.25 H2Te 9.14
CH , , . , HCN 13.91
OH 13.18 C2N2 13.8
F2 15.7 NH3 10.15
c12 11 .,a CH3 9.840
Br2 10.55 CH• 12.N
TABLE 8.2
PARAFFINS ANO CYCLOPARAFFINS
Mo1ec1i11e IP(e\11
met Mane 12 98
etnane 11 es
crocar,e 11 .07
n-outane 10 e3
,.bulane 10 57
n-oentane 10.35
,.oentane 10 32
2. 2•dime,nytc,rooane 10.35
n-ne1ane 10.11
2•me1ny1c,en1ane 10.12
3·metnytc,entane 10.08
2. 2·dime,nytt1u1ane 10.oe
2. 3-dimethylbu,_,,. 10.02
n-neotane 10.08
2.2.4•tnmetnylc,entane 9.M
cyc'-"Dane 10.oa
cyclQoelllane 10.53
cyclOII ...... 9.88
metllyley,:toneune 9.85
0
I TABLE 8.J
TABLE 8.J (continued) I ALKYL I-IALIOES
I Molecule IP (IV)
Moleculo IP (OV)
HCI 12.74
1-oromocrocane ,u.,e I c·2 "48
2·bromocrociane ,o 075 CH4 12 98
1. J•dibromoorocane ,o 07 I me!P'lyl er,1oride 11 28
1-oromobutane 10.13 c,,cl'llorometnan• 11 .J5
2•bromobutane 9 98 I 1r1ct"110romet1,ane 11.42 1-bromo-2•mot~ylorooa,,o 10.09 tetr1cri1orometf'lane 1 t.47 2-bromo-2-met~ylp,ooane 989 I e1ny1 cnlondo 10.98
t •Dromooontano 10.10 1.2-dier,ioroetf'lane 11. t 2
HI 10.38 , -en1oro0r001ne 10.82 iz 9.28 I 2-cn10,-ooan1 10,78
molhyt iOOOe 9.5' t.2•dicnl0r-epano 10.87
di~ 9.:M I 1.3-diCIIIOtootaoano 10.85
lthyt,_. 9.33 1-.:n1oroou11n1 10.87
1·4dCCI ODane 9.29 I 2·CMlo,OOUtano 10.85 2· ;c dcorooene 9.17 t -cn10,o-2•motny1prooane ,o.ea
t•>OdOCul-9.21 I 2-cn10,o-2•motny10,ooane ,0.e1 2•iod00ulane 9.09 HS, t t.82 1 ·•Odo-2·motl'lytp, ooan. 9.18
Br2 10.55 2•iodc>2•-..,IO, OOIN 9.02 I m11ny1br-10.53
1 ·ioclaPell'-9. 19 dibr--10.49
'2 15.7 I tnbomcltn«/l,■ne 10.51 H, 15.77
CHzBrCI 10,77 c,o,i,,_1,, 11.n I CHBrzCI 10.se Cl'2Clzl'-12l 12.31
lthytbroffiide 10.29 Cl'3CII,,_ 131 12.11 I 1 . 1 •dibro_,.,,,. 10.11 cHc1,2 ,,,_ 221 12.45 1 -~2-<:lllatooffiane 10.13 C,&-3 10.87
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TABLE 8.3 (continued)
Molecule IP l•Vl
c=2a•2 11 07
C1-t3CF2CI 1Genetron 1011 11.98
CFCl2CF2CI 11 99
CF3CC13 iF•eon 11 JI 11.78
CFH8rCH2Br 10 75
CF28rCH2Br 10.83
CF3CH21 10.00
n-C3F7I 10.38
n•C3F7CH2CI 11 8•
n-C3F7CH2I 9.98
TABLE 8.4
ALIPHATIC ALCOHOL, ETHER. THIOL.
ANO SULFIDES
Motecyle IP l•Vl
1-120 1 2 59
m11r,y1 aiccr,o, 10.85
otnyt 11cono1 10 •e
n-oroc,yl IIC01i06 10.20
>l)(OC)yl alconOI 10.16
n-butyl aleollol 10.04
dime1ny1 11ner 10.00
diell'lyl 111,er 9.53
n-orc,py1 otner 9.27
•orooyl ottlef 9.20
H2S 10.48
metPlaneln,01 9.4'0
~"iol 9.285
1·-•111,ol 9. 195
, •t1utaM1nio1 9.14
dimell'lyl suttide 8665
ttllyi metllyl suttide 8.55
doelllyt IUlficle 8.430
di-fto-0. OD►i sulfide 8.30
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TABLE 8.5
ALIPHATIC AL0EHY0ES ANO KETONES
Molecule '" (01/)
co, 1 3.79
tor."!"a•:e~yce 1087
ace111denyc:ie 10.21
oro010na1d1P"tyde 9 98
n-outyratde"yde 9.86
1sooutyra1deliyde 9.74
n•v11era1deftyde 9.82
1sova1eratder,yde 9. 1,
acrotein 10. ,0
cr01on11deliyde 9.73
t>enzaldellyde 9.53
acetone 959
metr,yt etr,yt ketone 9.53
metr,yt i,.grogyi ketone 9.39
metny, •P<OQVI ketone 932
dietllyl ••tone 9.32
metny, i,.t,uty1 ••tone 934
met,,,,., ,t,utyt ••tone 930
3. 3-dtmetnyf t:iutanone 9.17
2•n.ota,-e 9.33
cYC'-tanone 9.25
c:yc1oneaano,,e 9. 14
2. l·tlutaneCliolle 9.23
2.4·~ 1.11
TABLE 8.6
ALIPHATIC ACI0S ANO ESTERS
Molecule IP(ol/)
co, 1 3.79
tormie ICIO 11 05
acetic 1e1d 10.37
0r0010nie acid 10.2,
n-butync ICtd 10.16
•SObYtyr1c IClO 10.02
n-va1enc acid 10.12
metr,yt formare 10.815
etr,yt fonnate t0.51
i,.progy1 formate t0.54
i,.t,utyt formate 10.50
ilobutyt formate 10.45
metllyl acetare 10.27
etllyl acetate 10 1 t
n-c,,ooyl acetare 10.04
,_Ogyi ICOIIIO 9.99
n-t,utyl ICOlltO 100,
iaobuty1 acetate 9.97
ll«•llMtyl ICetllO 9.91
metr,yt -•t• 10.15
etnyf oroooonat• 10.00
metr,yt "'IIMty,atO t0.07
metr,yt ilOllutvrat• 9.M
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TABLE 8. 7
ALIPHATIC AMINES ANO AMIDES
Mo1•cu1e IP(o\l)
NH3 ,a.,~
'T'leP"P.rl am,ne 8 97
et:"1y1 am,~e 8 86
n•crooyt am,ne 878
~orooyt amine 872
M•Ot..ifYI amine 8 71
~butyl am,ne 870
s·butyl amine 8.70
!·butyl amine 86'
dime1r,y1 amine 8.2•
d1ttl'lyt amine 801
di-~o,ooyt amine 7.M
d~i-o,oovt amine 7.73
d~~cutyt amine 799
trimett,yt lffl1"9 792
tr11t~ am,ne 7.SO
t~~o,ooyt amine 7.23
torm1mode 10.25
acetam,de 9.77
N-fM111y1 _,am.de a.10
N.-111y1 to,mam_,. 1.12
N.N--,11y1 IC811fflt00 a.a,
N.N-dle111y1 tormanucio a.at
N,N-cliell1yl -...... 1.IO
TABLE 8 8
OTHER ALIPHATIC MOLECULES WITH N ATOM
Molecule IP (oll)
:·111rome1r,ane 11 08
nItroe1r,ane 10 88
1 ,nItroor00ane 10 81
2-n1tro0ro0ari1 , 0 1,
HCN 1 J 91
ac11on1trile 1 2 22
or001on1tri1e , , 84
n-t:,u~r0l"'lltr111 11.67
1cryton1tr11e 10.91
l·but1n•n1tr1t1 10.39
etr,y1 n,tra11 11.22
n-o,ooyi nitrate
me111y1 1~,ocy1n111 10065
ett'lyl tf'l1ocyane11 989
met"Yl 1sotr,1ocy1nate 9 2~
ltf'lyt 11Qtr,1ocy1n111 9,.
' -·
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TABLE 8.9 • OLEFINS. CYCLO-OLEFINS.
I ACETYLENES
TABLE 8.10
SOME DERIVATIVES OF OLEFINS
Mol•eule IP (t\l) Molecule IP (t\l)
D e1r--y1e"'-e 1,J 5 1 5 v1ny1 C:"'.lorioe B95
orocy1er,e 3 73 c is• d1cr, Ioroe1ri y1 en e 965
I 1 ·butene 9 58
2·rrietl'ly10rooene 9 23
trans•d1cl"I 10roe1 nyIe 1"11 9 66
tncn10roe1ny1ene 9 45
I 1rans•2·bu1ene 9 13
cis•2•burene 913
tetr1cl'IIOroe1hytene 9 32
vinyl bromu~e 9 80
1 ·oentene 950 g 2-metr,yi,.1 ·butene 9. 12
, .2·dit>romoetl'lylene 9 45
tnbromoetl'tyiene 9.27
J•me1nyt-1-t:,u1ene 9.51
I J-me1ny1-2-t,u1ene a.er
3-ctuo,ooroo,ne 10.°'
2.l•dicnlor-oc,ene 9.82
1•1"1exene 9.49 , •twomoo,ooe,,e 9.30
I 1 .3•tluladttN 9.07
1aooran• a.a.s
3-ti,omoc,roc,ene 9.7
CF3CCl•CCICF3 10.31
I eyclootnttnt 9.01
cyc1cnexene a.~5
n-C5F11Cl'•CF2 10.48
acr01eu, 10.10
••me1riy1cyc1of\exet1e 8.91 I 4-c1nyteyto,,111ne 893
cr010na10tllyde 9.73
m ... tyt 01:1de 9.08
CVCIO-octaltlratnt 799
I -l'flln• , , ', v,nyt mtlnyt tll'ltr 8.93
lllytalCOllol 9.87
Ot00Y"9 10.39 vinyl-lllt 9.19
I HIUl'f"t 10. ,.
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#
m TABLE 8.11 TABLE 8.12
E HETEROCYCLIC MOLECULES AROMATIC COMPOUNDS
I M01oci.1e IP(ell) Molecule IP 11"1
I 1•..Jrari 889 oenzene 9 245
2•me:r-·,-1 f1Jrain 8.39 101uen1 8 82
2-luraldeP'lyde 9.21 e1r,y1 0.l"IZll"II 176 D 1e1rar,ydroluran 9.54 n-0r00yt oenzene 8 12:
d1r"lydrooyr1n 8.34 ~crogyt t>enztnt : 53
D 1e1r1r,ydr0oyran 928 ~outyt oenzene 8 69
tniopl"lene 8.860 S·butyl t>enzent 858
D 2•cn1orot1i10pl"lene 8.68 t-t,u1y1 oenzene 858
2·t:>romotP"l100f'lene 8.83 0-1yl9f'II 858
n gy,ro11 8.20 m-1y1er,e 858
0V''°'"' 932 0-1y1en1 8445
2-l)ICOline 9.02 mes1ty11n1 8 '° I 3· PICOl•n• 9.0' dur~t 8.025
•·ocohne 9.0' Sty,'er,e 9 ,1
I 2.3·1ut,01ne 8.85 t't'"fflttP,yl SIY,tnt 8 35
2.4·1ut1d1ne 885 •t~yny1oen1ene 8 !115
I 2.&-lut,Oine 8.95 n1gtr,11en1 8 12
t -meir,y,naoinaier,e 7 89
I 2•mel~yt'1al)tllaler,e '. 955
~ 827
pllenot 850
I -822
i:,llenetOle 813
I De!IU!OlftyOe 953
ac:etOO"ef'IOf'lt 927
I _,_~'°' 833
ot,enyt ,socyanate 877
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I TABLE 8. 1 2 (continued) TABLE 8. 13
I MISCELLANEOUS MOLECULES
I Mo1ecu1e IP (el/) Mol1cut1 IP (el/)
cnenyi 1S0thIocya~a:e 3 52-J etriyIene 0.11d1 10.565
I 0enzon1triI1 9.705 procytene oxide 10 22
n1trooenzene 9.92 ~dioxane 9.1 J
aniline 7.70 d1metP'I0xymetrian1 10.00 I l!uoro-benzene 9.195 d11trioaymerl"lan1 9.70
cMloro-t,enzene 9.07 , , 1 •dimetl'lo1y1u,an1 9.65
I bromo-benzene 898 0roc,.0Iacton1 9 70
10dc>tiien11n1 8.73 metl'lyt dia..ttide a.a
I o-d1d't10tooenzen1 907 etnyt d11Uttioe 8.27
~dierilorooenzene 9.12 dietnyt 1utti10 9.91
I P-dicnlor-zene 8.9' tn1Q4Ket,c 10C1 10.00
1-<:nlorP-2•flucr-zene 9 155 ac.tyl CIiio,.,. 11.02
1 -cnlorP-J·Hucr-zene 9.21 ac.tyt llrcmide 10.55 I '1 •btOmCM•fluorobenzer'II 8.99 c:ycie>CtH t 1 CF3 10,a
o-ff1.1orototuen1 8 915 i""C3F7MCHJJC-O 10.58
I m-fluor0101uene 8.915 1ncn1orov1nytaatan1 10.79
p,,tlucrctoluene 8.785 iC2F513N 11. 7
I P-cnlorolotuene 8.83 ~.,,. 908
m-ClllorCIIOI-8.83 l)IIOIOOM 11.77
I Cl-Clliorolotu-8.70
P-ClrCfflOIOiuene 8.79
I m-~Olu-a.a,
P-Clromolo/uefte 8.87
Cl--lOIII-8.82
I m-icdololuene a.a,
l>~olu-8.50
I 1>en101m1uonoe 9.58
P-fl-oonenol 8.88
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..
~ _I :"' T :--1 ' ···------
?. : '...-\.TI V: P:: r; T 0 I •Y: I:.\ T ! ) : : S:: :· S IT I\'! T ! '.:: S J :-
\'Ai: IC:: S G.:..s:.s TO ,\ i :-. ~ e\'" LA::r
Gas
P!10to ionization
Sensitivity (see ~ote
s~an Control Settin~ . . for ~ircct re~cina
l) (a;pr~xi~ate)0
-----------------------------------------------------------
benze!'le
toluene
di,?thyl sulfide
diethyl a~ine
strrenc-
trichloroethylene
carbon disulfide
i~obutylene
ac:etone
tetrahydrofuran
methyl ethyl ketone
methyl 1sobutyl ketone
c:yclohexanone
naptha (8Si aromatic:1)
vinyl chloride
methyl isoc:yanate
iodine
netr.yl ~crcaptnn
11.4
l l.:
1:.c (reference ~tendard)
1 ,.. ·, . . .
1,-, • '-~
("J. 7
7. 1
7,1)
5,7
5, 1
5,0
s.o
,. ' . -
r. :-....
= • 2
3,5
4,3
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r • ' --l ., cont.
:icectr.yl sulfide
,,r::·:le:--:~ ' ' '
r.ineral snirits
cycloe):ene
c rcnona l1ehyde
acrolcin
~~thrl methac:rylate
pyridine
hydro;en sulfide
ethylene cibro~ide
n-oc:tane
ac:ct3ldehyde oxi~e
hexane
phosphine
heptane
allyl c:hlorice
(3-c:hloropropene)
ethylene
isopropanol
ethylene oxide
acetic: anhydride
alpha pinene
dibro~oc:hloro?ropane
I r -.
I: • ('
: • 7
2, 2
'J I'\ -.
1.7
1.3
1.0
1.0
1.0
(I, 7
f). 1
l • ';
Q • l
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ceic:ilorooydrin
:--;ii:ric oxide
beta pinene
citral
a~r.:onia
acetic acid
nitro;;cn dioxide
□ethane
acetylene
..... ::; " . -
C.3
0. I
f'I r, ~·. -
i:OTi: I: PF:1 reading when measuring 1,~.o pp:! of
particular B4S 1:ith ~o~itor calibrated for
benzc~e.
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:-:::!...\TIV: P'.!OTOitJ::rz .. \T!-J:: s:.::3r:·r 1.r~:r:~s 0:-
1' .\~IO CS GAS:: TO .\ ! ! . 7 e V !.t,:.;,
Direct
G~s
(A~?rox.)
Photoionization Sensitivity
( S e e ,·: o t e l )
S!)an Control
Set,:i::s :or
Dir~ct
~c~Cin~
(Appro~.) ------------------------------------------------------------Carbon Disulfide
!ieptane
" .. e:c1ne
:'cntane
1,: Dichloroeth3ne
3cnzene
Isobut)·lane
Toluene
!:ethyl Chloride
i:ethylene Chloride
lll Trichloroethane
Carbon Tetrachloride
Sthylene Dichloride
3utane
T!iF
Acrylonitrile
i·iF!:
Chloroforn
1,1,2,~ Tatrachloroethane
Acetone
Propane
Isopro!)onol
Acrolein
Eth11ne
Ethanol
:·!ethanol
1,1,2 Trifluoroethane
Acetonitrile
33.:
2 2 • l
13.9
1 .': .• l
1 : • ~
1 2 • :
l O. ·i
1~.0 (F.eference Std,)
l C • c,
9J
(", j. , ..
~ • ('I
~•~I
8.7
7. " 7. l
I':,.('
~.':
5.7
• • :, ..
,, • 5
3.'J
1 • (,
{). J
0.1
NOTE 1: PPH readin~ when mea1ur1n, 10.0 ppm of
s.n
! • (\
particular gas vith monitor calibrated for benzene,
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5: ·::? -~ I r:, CO r ~ 0 r: t e -i ' \,'~:-:-a !"Its ~ 11 : t C! r"! ~ t O ~ ~ : r C ~
~~o~ defe::: ~n ~atc:-1al a:id ~or~~~Jns~i? ~~!1~~ uset un~~r norrc!
onerati1~ co:i~iuo1s, !:::-.:' s liability 1-.ereundi-r shall ~e
1l~iced ~o t~c rc~air or replacencnt of tho articles ascertaine~
co be defective ~ithin one (1) year after date of shipnent
(excc~t that t::e lishc source varranty is lioited to three (:)
nonchs a~~ does not i~clude breeka;o, and battery warranty is
li~i:cd co three(:) =cnchs), provi~ed, ho1:ever chat the !uyer
shall give notice co r~u within thirty(:") days atter discoverv
of such defective ~:cerial and provided further t~at all ·
defective n.:t~rial ~e ship!)ed prepaid to the :::!t: r>lant >-'it!-:in a
reason~~le ti=e free the date of discovery of the ~efcct and
durin; such ,,.arr3ncr period, Af:er the re,air or replaceoant,
,,,:;: 1:ill sr.i? t::a said ite= to :-uyer, transportation cr.ar~es
prepaid, to any ?Oint .in the United States thac 2uyer =•Y
dcsi,:nata.
T:::: FC'•:':c:,r::c IS T':: s0:..::: EXT!:::r OF !!'.'.!'.' S ''.A".:::.::·j"y t-.:':'l '.:n 0'i'!E'.'
S'i:\:E:::::;:73 C·:: •·_:.?.'."..1.::,I:S, :::-:!''.".:.SSEJ 'Jf. I:'.!'!..IE;), :::AL!. :l:'.
!:O::o~.::D. I.:'.'.')[ :rn CI!".CU'.:STA::c::s SHALL E:T !l'.': St'.EJECT TO A:,Y
LIA:ILI"."Y ::-::: ::CI.\L, r::cr::,::::r.•.L C"! co::~:::,."::::·i"ItL !l.\'.:Ac::s.
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D
S ysCC:"".S,
.. :-... Ind~i:tri:il ':::0.~e~e ::~~itorin, 1:ic:-i A 1·aria~le
Selccti•ity ?hotoionizc:ion ~n;ily:er.
J,!:. C·riscoll and J.1i. Secl:er,
i'.l'.'.erican 1.abora ccri•, :'o•~~ber l '.'7<e.
l~!-12 !~ttru~c~t~tion for ''~n Site'' Survey an~ I~cntificac~~~
of E3zar~o:.:s •·asce.
J • : : , t' r i s co 11 c r. d G , ? • He 1,· i t t ,
Ind:.:stricl !!ys;ier.e :·,e11s, :,ay 1c< 2
-----------------------
!Cl-17 !n~trul'.'.ent Ccli~rc:io~ ~ith ToKic and Hazardous
:-; a t e r i 3 l s •
J.:L ::ecf:er, J.:'. Driscoll, D. :'.cn3ud, P. Tiffan;·.
C. Sylv:.a,
Indu3tricl :!y~iene ~ews, July 19:~.
-----------------------
PAGT'. ~-:7
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s:crrs:: -cone.
l .\: : !' S I 2 :. C :-; A:, G :
If <lif!crent 2p,licncions for c~c a~2lyzcr would rc~uire
different size la~?S, separ~te probes, each with its o~n eV
lar?, ~est be used, ~ single reado~t asserjly ~ill serve for
any of t~e Jrc~es. A chansc in proje will require rescccin; of
t~c ~ere control 2nd the sp3n pot, Calibration should be
checked to verify proper operation.
Turn the function s~iteh on the control
~nnel to the off position before
~isn~se~bly, Otherwise hi~~ voltaRe of!~~~
V DC vill be present.
PAC: 5-t.
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Disco~~cct the rr~bc c~~l~ con~cc:or ~t the rc~~out c1ssc:-::ly. !jis:sscr.:~:1 c the ~rot~ 1;t fir-st rcrovinc tl·.e e~~et!St 5Cr~~ at t~e b~~e of t~c pr~~c adjacent to the ~=~~~c (see l" i ~ u r ~ ~ -! ) . Gr :is ;i tr. r c i c'. r . .:i p i n one ~ ~ r. ~ a r! r1 th~ pro t· e she 11 in the ot!,~r, :c~tly pull to se?arate t~e end cap and t!1e l&~~ hot.:!i:1; :re~ t~-~ shell.
11 ol:: t~c lanp housinc ,·ith the black end ca, uor1c.1t. Looser. t!,e scrc~s on the top of th~ en~ cep, sep~rn~c ~he end ca~ an~ io, c~a,~er froc the lac? and lacp hnusin~.
-i. l .. e
C.\l':!CW
r~r~ ~~~t te ta':cr. so that the ion cha~~cr does r.ot fall out of the end cap or the lirht source does not fnll out of the lanr l:ousin~.
Turn t!1e cn1 c~~ over in the hand, Ta? lightly on the to?. ion ch~nber should fall out of the end cap into the hand,
?lace one hen~ overt~! top of tr.e lanr housine anc tilt sli~l,tly, The liGht source will slide out of the housing.
The a,:lifier t~:rd can be renoved fron the lamp source housinc assenblr (see Fi;ure 3-:) by unsnappinR the coaxial connector, Jl, and then re~ovin~ the retainin; screv. The an~lificr board 1:ill then slide out of the housir.s assecbly.
P.es::scr:'.ble the probe by first 1lidin11 the l11:1p bac!: into the lamp ~ou~in~. Place the ion chaober on top of the lsop housins, cal:in: sure thnt the cent~ct1 are properly aligned. The ion chacter fits only one ~ay.
If the ion chamber is to be replaced alwaya uaa one identical to the one bcin1 recoved, Check the apertura (small: 3,0 cc; larsa: 6,C c~) at the top of the ion chnmber and caterial1 of construction (~old-plated or Teflon) to ensure proper replacecent. See Parts List, Section 7,
Place the and esp on top of the ion chanber an~ re~lace the two screws. Tightan the scre~s only enou;h to seal the 0-ring.
PAGC 5-S
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0-RING
IINTERNALJ
ENO CAP
MOUNTING SCA
WITH STAR EWS
WASHER
CONNICTOIII
KEYWAY
..
12 PIN
CONNICTOfll
(>FUNG
CASI.I!
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COAXIAL
CONNECTOR,
GAS
PASSAGE
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src;ro::
S.6
Do not over-tighten these ~crc,:s.
Lir.e u? t~e rins (pogo contact!) on the base of t~c laMp
housin3 with t~e pins inside the probe shell. Gently slide t~e
housin3 assenbly into the probe shell.
The end cap should neet the probe shell evenly ofter final"
osse~hly. If not, the ion chcnber may be installed ~ronn.
DO :'.OT FO:'.CE the asseeiblr into the shall.
It fits only one way.
If it does not raasse~blc readily, ranove and chcc!: pin
alisnmant. Check to ensure pogo cont3ets ore not bent.
Refasten the exhaust screw at the base of the probe.
Ali~n the 1: pin probe eonnee:or to the readout assenbly
ond reconnect with a twistin3 action until a eliel: oeeure.
Chae!: to ensure the high voltai.:e c:ieros,dteh is :,rof)erl:r
depressed. The lan, should li3ht if the function switch is
t~rned to any position except SiA~DBY.
r.EADOUT DlSASSE?l!lLY / ASSEMDLY
-------
-------
Turn the function switch on the control
panel to the OFF position before
di11111mbly, Otherwise, hi;h voltar.e of
1200 V DC will be present.
Disconnect the probe cable connection, Recov1 recorder
jacks and cablo or the plaatic plug cap. Loosen the screw on
the botton of the case and, holdin~ the instrument by the bezel,
renove the ces1 (aee Fi;ure 5-3),
a. ihe control ossecbly consistinr. of the Printed Circuit
Board (?CS) and control panel can be sef)arated fron the
readout assenbly by the follo~inr ste,s:
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I II
II
II
11
II
II
•' •' ' BATTERY I I' CHARGl!R JACK
'-......
II
•' II
,1
11
11
I:
BATTERY
BRACKET ..
METl!R
MOUNTING SCREWS l'l
FOR POWER SUPPi. Y BOAR0
"' IIZIIL ATTACHMENT
NUTS(2l ,oR
CONTAOL ASSEMBI. Y
ACCl!SSOIIY
POWl!R JACK
(NOT ACCHSIII.E
MOUNTING IMCKIT
,011 ,owl,_ SUPPLY
CONTROi.
.t.SSEMSI.Y
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S :: Ci' IO:'. 5 • ,5 , ~ E ,\:.l O '.:-:-, I S AS S S : :'. L Y Ii. S S C: :; LY c o n t .
l ). Se~ a rate t 11 e :·: o le:: co r. ~ e ct ors i n the ca bl es to the co~trol asse:bl7,
2) re:ove c~e two ac:achccnc nuts at the base of t~e ass e :·. ~ l y .
3) ~e=o•e t~e two screws at the top of the power supply '::oard r.olc!ing it to the assecbl:' brac!:ets.
,.) Coc;,ress "the ~r1"c,:ets a~~ sl~je t~e asser::~ly thru the bezel. iecove a third screw at the lower corner o( tho boJrc!, if necessary,
~. i'he optional alarc asso~bly c~~ bo seper~tec! as follows
l) Visconnect the ca~le (?~/J( of Fi~ure 4-5)
:) ~ecovo the two ~cre,,s holdin: the elgrm assecbly to tho batterr bracket
r.ea~sor::bly is acco!':~lisl1ec! lly reversin; t'.1e above procedure.
KOT!: Be sure the function s~itch on the control panel is in the O?f position before insertinr tho control codule into the case. If not, the fuse can be blown or da!':a~e can result.
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,he initial 5tep of a~y trau~lcshootin; is a t~o,oc~h
viscal is~~~ction to look for po!sible loo~e or open
con~ecticns, sh,rts, cust or other o:viocs conditions,
:etaile~ troutlcshootin~ for fault loca~ion end correction
is accon,lished by steps outlined in the follo~in~:
Troubleshootins D3ta
?ad Dot~. Power Su,ply PCB
?ad Location, Power Supply Per
Pin Data, Acplifier PCB, P:/J:
?in Daca, Pro~c Catle, F?/J~
Pin Data, Alarn Cable, P~/J:
Ta'.Jle '-1
Table :-:
Fi=ure C·-1
Tabl'l :-3 ·,able ,,_,.
Tcble r._5
Oisas3cn~ly and reasse~bly as~~, be re~uircd for cl1ecting
the ~cui~~cnt or replaci~& parts ore descritcd in Chnptar ~.
Turn the function switch on the control
panel to the OFF position before
disasse~bly. Other~ise hi;h volta~e of 12~1
V re will be present,
Do not observe the licht source closer than
~ inches uith unprotected eyes. fhen
necessary, ob1orvo only briefly. Continued
e~po1ure to ultraviolet ener~y aenerated by
the light aource can be harcful to eye1ight.
-------\!Alt:ING -------
Use areat care vhen operctin: the analyzer
with tho readout 111embly outside it1 case
due to the presence of 1200 V DC.
If, after follovins the 1tep1 cited in this section, the
analyzer 11 not functioning properly, contact the R~U Service
Dept. for assistance. (Phone: (617) ~54-~~~-n),
PAGE :'-1
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-------------------------------------------------------------------c~rr~ctive 1ctio~
------l. eccr incic3C~s
l o 11 b zi: t t. ~ r r
:. Low battery
3. I!\.' lar.ip r.ot 0''
a • !: ~ o ,..., n f t: s e
( :•·use · , :.; , s-:)
~. Bad connections
c. Erol:en r.ieter
r.iovcr.,ent
<!, Battery dead
e, Battery char~e lov
a. i'ower su?pl y
defective
a. Hirh Voltage
interlock (Hicro-
1vitch S2) at probe cable connector on readout 111aobly
not opcratins
b, Hi;h voltase
1upply out or
faulty
l) C!.~c': h,e.
for el'ir.cr.ce
1: i r i n ~ , t :~ a :i
r f ~ ~ 0 \·,' '."', I ,:_ ._ ~ :
of s!"lor: s 1.-:
replace :·~se.
1) Check wiring conn~c-
tio~s. ~esolder poor or bad connections.
, l) Tip instru~ont ra?idly froc side to side. ::eter needle should cove frcel,, anf return to zero. If· fault~, roplnco •·1th ne,: l:!e t er.
!) Disconnect ~!tt.,ry r.nd chock with volt-ohcr.,oter. i!.eplace if dead,
1) recharge battery, choc~ coter uith function switch in 3AT~ ~oiition to en~ure the chzrrer is operatin; ?roperly (see Table 2-l, : ,\ i'T)
1) Chee~ power supply
volta:es (see Table '-~ and Figure ~-1). If in error, replace po~er suppli• assecbly.
1) Chee~~, a~plrin~ rrossure to switch pluncer with cabl1 in place, Adjust the scr1v on side of cable connector, if required,
tQ increase throv of switch plun;er.
!) Check high voltace out,uc on power supply board (pad 22), IC voltage not
correct, (see Table 6-Z) replace pover supply board,
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°:A.~:_: -: COt'lt,
4, Fan not running
5, ~et,r doe• not
re1pond
c. Lar.;i not ~'11:in:
cropcr connection
with ~i~~ volc~:c
contacts.
d. La1'p fculty
e. Short in hi;h
voltage linei:
a. Fan stud:
b, Fan connections
faulty
c. Lo 1: or dead
battery
d, Fan voltare not
correct
a, Dirty or o~en
probe connection
b, Broken aeter
,._
c, Dirty or open
connections to ceter
l) !e~cvc la~p. clean c~~
ti~hccn co~tacts,
reinstall lanp.
l) Chee!: 1:iring fron po1.er
su~,17 board to ~roGo
ca~le connector (J: pin c)
to ~V lamp contocts (~!).
eenove nnr shorts.
l) I:'itai:sen:le probc0 and
clean passe~es and fan~,
blowin~ out dust, To
rcnovc lcr~er particles
use cotton suab, C-tin or
cqttcl. ~~c care to n~t
cc~cr,! in~ellor rotor or
blades, ~or di:a~senbly
sac Section ~.'.i,
1) Checi: fer wirinc
conncction3 at fan cotor
and at ~robe cable
connector (J: pir.s A and
C), re~Jir as required,
1) Check battery output
(power su~nl~ ~oard,
Dad~). ~echar~e or
reolace bnttery·a3
rec;uired,
l) Chect fan volta~c (r01:er
su~ply boerd pads !9 and
~l, pro~• cable pins A an
C), If not correct,
replace power supply
board,
Z) If fan volta:es correct
replace fan,
l) Clean and tiChten or
resolder connections in
probe,
l) See l•c•l above,
l) Clean and ti~~ten
connections at ~eter,
d, Low or dead battery l) See 4-c-! e~ove.
e, Blown fuse !) See l-e-1 ~~ove.
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" .. r~, iirue11ct of (or ,otff!Ctel for) 111111u11ees t11 11, •111CII -IIOC ti 1C1t t ... ...,... OIi till 11111'-"t utecl,
• TIie pottf'ltlll for 111,111, COl'IUfltl'l&IOftt 111 tllt •1111t liaclsPillrt 01' 111 tile 111' e-.,eceftt U 1,-Ctttc 11tt opern 1 OIi 1,
d, TIit C011tlnuou1 Ult of 11r.pur1f71119 re101r1tor1 (LtYtl Cl lllllt Ill bUN Oft tlll 1 dtllt 1'1 CU 1 WI Of till IUIIIUIICfl COfttr1bl,t1119 to tl'lt totel •• ,.,. 01' ... COl'IClfttl'lt10fl lllf tftt 1Doltcetl011 of D11lllt1illd crtterte for till routine use of 1tr-our1fy1119 dtY1CH, UAldeftt1'1td .. , ... , COIICIII• tr1tto111 of or9111tc YIOOl'I 01' , •••• '" .,,. '""OIClllllt OI' UCffd1119 I f .. PIIII IIIOYI NCllll'OIIIIC ,..quirt, H I ■1111. 111111, Ltwt1 I pl'OCect 10ft,
b•••l 0 ProttctlOl'I
1,
2,
lltl'IOl'lfttl Prottct1Yt equt ... ftt
• COYll'llla
• 110,11•
• INU/IIIOt9, ltttlltr o, c11ta1u1.m111M1, eut1 ,. 1M •"-"•
• SlfltJ tllllff Of' cJMlltca1 •• , •• 11 .... , ...
• KIN !\It ( flea 111111•)•
Crftef'11 fo, 1tlectt11
Nffllllf •111 of ,,.... crttttta .,, ... UH ., Lftt1 D ""tc\tOII:
• No COIIU8111111tl IN fNltllt.
• _,.. fU11Ctt111 ,,., •• ,,,, .. o, 1_,.., .. , Of' ,clltM1t1 for UIIUIIICt .. 111111111111 ., lftl cftatcah.
LMI O IH'tltc\1M 11 ,rt111rt11 I _.. wttfn. It CIII Ill IIOl'II o,117 tll ll'Mt....,. tllrt ti Ill flll,-t11t, tf atlfl .. ,, ._,,..,, ••
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-' ... -
J, :. -

-
••
ei:!!r f.c:: not
return t, ze:o
' . '.·:ctcr r eec! 1 r.; s,
hi~h or 101:
a. '.:-rc 1:~i. r~ter
~cvc.··e:-:t
..
..
I ) See ! -c -'. a ~ o ·: c •
1_., lirtr or o~cn l) Sea :-c-~ ~::ovc. co~:-:~ctions to ~o:cr
c. ~irtr or open !) Se:~-=-! :bove, connectio~s i~ probe
d, z~ro adjust faulty I) Potatc zero adjust pot (•c -· '') (~-r -. ... C t'l[9', --! t).', .-1~. l,C), Chee!: pot ou,~uc-at ~eter pro~e conr.ecto: (!~ pir.s ~-anc L). If vol':.:.;e does not vary, rcplcca zero ecjust pot.
e. A~plifier faulty 1) ~otat~ zero adjust pot, Chee~ a~plificr output
ct ,robe connector (J3 rir. H) or obterve oetor. If volt•~• level on ~cter does not respond, replace e~plifier boarC:
f, Ion cha~ber s~orted 1) Clean ion cheober,
a. Ir.correct
calibration
t. LL!::p dirtJ
C • Contal:!ination in ion chaober.
d • Power supply board
faulty
e. DirtJ or 10011
connection•
PAGE
(see Section 3.1). ~cc~ec~ !or return to zero in STA!'t'B Y.
l) r.ec2li~ratc (see !~ctio~ ; ) .
1) Clean locp (see Section . -, -. "
1) Clecn ion chacber.
(111 Section 5.~)
1) Check po,:er supply board outputs ( r,eds l i, 2•:• an: 12 (Table f-~). If volta;e~ not correct, replace
power supplJ board,
1) Clean or ti;hten
connections at amplifier board, ~robe cable, nnd meter.
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' ' -Ql'TO"-"'T' n-scorO-!J" ~cctio:i -·. ·.:, ,. ,.; ....... -........ :. ..•. .1. • ., cont.
Dl provides incicJtlon if the battery voltare falls bolo,:
the prescribed level of 11.:3 V DC. J5 provides for connectio:-,
of the b~ttery charger, 7he six bank s•:itch, Sl, is th<!
( ".l :'IC t i On 51: i t C ~ • : : i Cr Os,: it Ch s 2 di! a!)~ es the high VO l ta 2 e p O ,: er
to the ca~le connector when disconnected.
The alar~ board (optional) is connected to the power supply
board by the cable containins connector P6/J6. The am~lifier
out-ut ~ignal, pin 9 on P~/Ju (see schec3tic Fisure L-G), goes
to one input of amplifier Ul (see schematic Fi~ure 4-5).
The output from the alarm set control on the front panel,
pin ( on P5/J5, socs to the Sl!cond input of Ul. The output froc
Ul operates the audible alarm throuph Q3 or~:. Only one of
the~e is connoctc~ at the factory to ~ivc lo,: alnr~ or hiRh
alar~, rcs~ectivelr, as requested by the u~er. The ~lcr: ~ill
o~cr~te when the !iGn~l falls or rises above t~is threshold.
Reference po~er for the alarc sattinc enters the ~card at pin 2
an~ power for the amplifier and tr3nsistors 01 thru Q3 enters at
pjn 3. The battery charscr provide ■ l~.0 V DC !or rechar;in~.
PAGE: 4-11
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• T1'e '°'11\ttel for 111,11e, COftCIMl'HIOftl 1ft tlle •t111t etao11111tre or 111 tllt etr 14.Jectflt to s,ectttc ,1t1 opern t Ol'I 1.
d, TIit c011tt11uou1 w11 o, 1tr.our1,y111, r11otr1tor1 (Lt•tl Cl lllllt N btlff OIi tllt 1cltllt1f1cet10ft of tllt 11,,,u11c11 contrtbl,Clllt U Cllt toial •• .., 01' ... COllctftCt'ltlOII 1114 tftt IDOltceCIOl'I of '"''ltslled C1'1Ctr'1e for' Clle 1'11UC111t Wit of 1tr-11ur1'yt111 cltY1ctl, Ulltdtllttfte.11 •ttftC COIICIII• trac10111 of or9111tc ••oor, or 91111 1ft 11,. aooro,clllftt or UCNclt119 t fft 111111 IIMIYt NCktl'OllftCI rtq111rte H I a1ft1• 11111. ~1,11 I proltct10ft.
~l••I g Pf'OttCC10II
1,
2,
,,,,o,11111 orotecttvt 1e1ut1111111t
• Covtr1ll1
• 110 .. ,•
• 8oo&l/lllotl, 1Ntllotl' o, c•tca1.,..11U11. dell t• 11111 BIWIII
• SlfllJ t1ttlff o, clla1ca1 .,, ........ , ...
• MIN llotl (flCI 1llttlC)•
Cr11tl'11 fot N1tctt0ft
Netltlll 11\J of tllfft Cl'11tf'11 111 ... UN If l.ffl1 D PN&IC\ttft: • IIO Clftllll11111r11 IN ,,., ,11t.
• IIOn fullctt1111 ,,.,. lflltllot. 1-rst•• o, ,eltflt1tl for UIIUflCI-'""'"'"' tf Pl Clla1Clh. I.Ml D fNlld1• fl "1•t11J I _.. 111ttf.... 11 CIII Ill ...,. •II 111 lrtll .,.. PIN fl 111 ... 11'111'1 If CIIIIICI .rill •111111111••
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... . :, --.. CO"'::,
. • :.: e i: ! r t". c : : :1 o t
return t? zero
.; C" 7 ,-. .. '."'I'."' •• .. :, , • , • , . I
, . '.-'.ct c r reedir.;s,
hi'.:h or l o1:
a. '.:re!:(!, rcter
:':'. C V (? .•: €? :": !:
~. 1irtr or o~cn I) Sec !-c-! ~~occ, co~~~ctions t, ~::er
c. ~irtr or open !) Se: ~-c-! :boue, connectio~s in probe
d. Z~ro adjust faulty 1) Rot~to zero adjust ?ot (•co F'i· ' ') (~5" -. .. r---.1. t .. ', :1~. 1,,C). Chee!: pot ou.:~c:t-ac
~eter pro~e conr.ector (!; pir.s ~ ant L). If •olc:;e does not vary, rcplcca zero a~jnst pot,
e. A~plifier f~u!tr 1) ~otate zero ~djust pot.
Chee~ aoplifier output
at ,ro~e connector (J3 pir. ~) or obterve oetor. IF volta~e level on ~cter
does not respond, replace a~plifier boarC:
f. Ion chn~ber s~orted !) Clean ion chaober.
a• Ir.correct
calibration
t. Leep dirt:,
C • Contll:!ination in
ion chaob1r,
d, Power supply board faulty
e. t'irt:, or 10011
con111ctio111
PAGE
(see Section 3.2). ~cc~eck !or return to zero in STA!'t'l! Y.
1) P.eplace ion cho~bor.
1) r.eceli:rato (seo :~ctio~
:;) '
l) Clean laop (see Section . -) -. ,.
l) Cleon ion chaober.
(111 Section 5.~)
l) Check po~er supply bo~rd outputs (pads 17, 20 an~
12 (Table f-~). If volta;e~ not correct, replace
power suppl:, board,
l) Clean or tighten
connections at amplifier
board, probe cable, nnd l!U!tlr,
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APPENDIXD I LEVELS OF PROTECTION
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LEVELS OF PROTECTION
Personnel must wear protective equipment ~nen response activities involve known or suspected atmospneric contamination, when vapors, gases, or particulates may be generated by site activities, or when direct contact with skin-affecting substances may occur. Full face-piece respirators protect lungs, gastrointestinal tract, and eyes against airborne toxicants. Chemical-resistant clothing protects the skin from contact with skin-destructive and aosorbable chemicals. Good personal hygiene 1 imits or prevents ingest ion of material.
Equipment to protect the body against contact with known or antici-pated toxic chemicals has been dfvfded into four categories according to the degree of protection afforded:
Level A: Should be worn when the highest level of respiratory, skin, and eye protection is needed,
• Level B: Should be worn when the highest level of respiratory protection is needed, but a lesser level of skfn protection.
• Level C: Should be worn when the criteria for using air-purifying respirators are met.
--Level 0: Should be worn only as a ~ark uniform and not on any site with respiratory or skin hazards, It provides no protection against chemical hazards.
The Level of Protection selected should be based on:
Type and measured concentration of the chemical substance in the ambient atmosphere and its toxicity,
-Potential for exposure to substances in air, splashes of liquids, or other direct contact with material due to work being done. In situations where the type of chemical, concentration, and possfbllitfes of contact are not known, the appropriate Level of Protection must be selected based on professional experience and judgllltnt untfl the hazards can be better identified.
While personnel protective equipment reduces the potential for contact wftll toxfc substances, ensuring the health and safety of responders requtrt1, tn addition, safe work practices, decontamination, site entry protocols, and other safety procedures. Together, these provide an integrated approach for reducing harm to workers.
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I I, LEVELS OF PROTECTION
A, Level A Protect1on
1. Personnel protect1ve equ1pment
• Suppl 1ed-a1r resp1rator approved by the M1ne Safety and Health Adm1n1strat1on (MSHA) and Nat1onal Inst1tute for Occupat1onal Safety and Health (NIOSH), Resp1rators may be:
pressure-demand, self-conta1ned breath1ng apparatus (SCBA)
or
pressure-demand, a1r11ne resp1rator (w1th escape bottle for !llffled1ately Dangerous to L1fe and He1lth (IDLH) or potential for IDLH atmosphere)
• Fully encapsulat1ng chem1cal-res1stant suft
-Coveralls*
• Long cotton underwear•
• Gloves {Inner), chemfcal-resfstant
Boots, chemfcal-resfstant, steel toe and shank, (Depending on su1t construction, worn over or under suft boot)
• Hard hat• (under suft)
• Disposable gloves and boot covers• {Worn over fully encap-sulating suit)
• Cooling unft*
• Z-W1y radfo c011111unfc1tfons• (inherently s1f1)
2, Crfter11 for s1l1ctfon
•opt Iona 1
M11tfng any of th1s1 crfterfa warrants us, of Level A Protect 1 on:
• TIit ch1111fc1l substance hu been ldentiffed and requires the hfghut ltvtl of protection for skfn, eyes, and the r,spfr1tory system based on:
•• measured (or potential for) hfgh concentration of
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from e,tremely h1gh air concentrat1ons, splashes, or imers1on of boots or gloves in concentrated l 1qu1ds or sludges. These 11m1tations should be recogn1zed when specifying the type of fully encapsulat1ng suit, Whenever possible, the suit material should be matched with the substance 1t is used to protect against.
8. Level B Protection
I. Personnel protect1ve equipment
2,
•opt 1 one 1
-Supplied-air respirator (MSHA/NIOSH approved). Respirators may be:
•• pressure-demand, self-contained breathing apparatus
or
•• pressure-demand, airline respirator (with escape bottle for IOLH or potential for IDLH atmosphere)
• Chemical-resistant clothing (overalls and long-sleeved Jacket; hooded, one or two-p1ece chemfcal-splash suit; disposable chem1cal-resfstant, one-pfece su1ts)
• Long·cotton underwear•
Cover1l ls•
-Gloves (outer), chemfcal-resfstant
-Gloves (Inner), chemfcal-res1stant
-Boots (outer), chemical-resfstant, steel toe and shank
-Boot covers (outer), chem1ca1-resfstant (dfsposable)•
• Hard hit (face shfeld)•
-2-Way r1d1o conrnun1c1tfons• (1ntr1ns1c1lly safe)
Cr1ter1a fbr selection
Me1t1n9 any one of these crft1rf1 warrants use of Level 8 protection:
• The type and 1tmosph1rfc conc1ntr1t1on of toxfc substances h11 been 1dentff1ed 1nd requ1r11 1 high level of respira-tory protection, but 1111 skin protection than !.Ivel A, Thtll would bt 1tmo1ph1r1s:
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witn concentrations !lffllediately Dangerous to Life and Healtn, but substance or concentration in tne air does not represent a severe skin nazard
or
that do not meet the select ion criteria permitting the use of air-purifying resp1rators.
• The atmosphere contains less than 19.51 oxygen.
lt is highly unlikely that the work being done wi 11 generate high concentrations of vapors, gases or particulates, or splashes of material that will affect the skin of personnel wearing Level B protection.
• Atmospheric concentrations of unident1fied vapors or gases are fndfcated by direct readings on instruments such as the FID or p·ro or similar instruments, but vapors and gases are not suspected of containing high levels of chemicals toxic to skin. (See Appendixes I and II.)
3. Guidance on selection
a. Level B does not afford the maxlmui1 skin· (and eye) pro-tection as does a fully encapsulating suit since the chemical-resistant clothing 1s not considered gas, vapor, or particulate tight. However, a good qual lty, hooded, chemical-resistant, one-piece gannent, with taped wrist, ankles, and hood does provides a reasonable degree of protection against splashes and to lower concentrations In air. At most abandoned hazardous waste sites, ambient atmospheric gas·or vapor levels have not approached concen-trations sufficiently high to warrant Level A protection. In all but a few circumstances (where highly toxic mater-ials are suspected) Level B should provide the protection needed for Initial entry. Subsequent operations at a site require a reevaluation of Level 8 protection based on the probability of being splashed by chemicals, their effect on the skin, the presence of hard-to-detect air contalm-lnants, or the generation of highly toxic gases, vapors, or particulates, due to the work being done.
b. The cha1cal-res1stant clothing required In Level B Is ava11ablt In a wide variety of styles, materials, construc-tion detatl, and permeabl ltty, One or two-piece garments are avaflable with or without hoods. Ofspoul suits with a variety of fabrics and design characteristics are also avaflable. Taping joints between the gloves, boots and suit, and between hood and respirator reduces the pos-slbl lty for splash and vapor or gas penetration. These
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atmosphertc vapors, gases, or part1cu1ates
or
s1te operations and work functions fnvolves nign potent1al for splash, 1lffllers1on, or exposure to un-expected vapors, gases, or particulates of materfals highly toxic to the skin,
• Substances wfth a high degree of hazard to the skin are known or suspected to be present, and skin cont Ht ts poss i b 1 e,
• Operattons must be conducted 1n confined, poorly ventt-lated ar11s until the absence of substances requiring Levtl A prottctlon ls dttennlned,
• Oirtct read1ngs on field Fl•m• lon1zat1on Oectors (F!O) or Photo1on1ut1on Oet1ctors (PIO) 1nd s1m1hr instruments ind1c1t1 hlgll levels of untd1nt1f11d vapors ind gues tn the atr, (See App1nd1x11 I and!!,)
3, Gutdanct on st1ect1on
•• Fully enc1psuhtln9 suits art pr1mar11y dtsfgntd to prov1dt a gu or v1por tight barrftr bttwttn tht wurer and 1tmosph1r1c cont11111nant1, Thtrtfort ltvtl A 11 gtn-erally worn whtn h1gll conctntr1tlon1 of 11rbornt ~b-sunces art known or thought to bt present 1nd tn·u• substances could stvertly tfftct tllt skin, Sfnct Ltvtl A requfrts tht ust of a stlf-contalntd br11th1ng appar1tus, tllt eyes and r11plr1tory systtt11 art also more protected,
Untfl air survt111ance data art 1v1111bl1 to assist 1n the selection of tht 1ppropr11t1 Level of Protection, the use of Level A may have to bt bued on fnd1rect evidence of tht pottntta1 for 1tmosphtr1c contamination or other means of skin contut wttll severe skin 1ffect1ng substances,
Conditions that may require Ltvtl A protectfon Include: • Confined spaces: Enclosed, conffntd, or poorlt v1nt111ted 1r111 art conducive to build up of toxic vapors, gases, or p1rttc11lat11. (£1plo11Yt or 01y91n-dtf1c1tnt atmospneru also art more probable 1n conf1ntd spaces,) Confined space entry does not aut01111t1cally warrant wearing level A pro-t1ct1on, but should sorvt u I cut to c1r1fully consldtr 1nd to Justify I lower level of Protection,
• Suspect1d/kn0'tft h1gll1y toxic subst1nc11: vutous sub• stances that art highly toxic 1sptc11lly through skin
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dbsorot ion for ex4mple, fuming corrosives, cyanide com-pounds, concentrated pesticides, Department of rran, sportation Poison "A" materials, suspected carcinogens dnd infectious substances may be known or suspected to b~ involved. Field instruments may not be available to detect or quantify air concentrations of these materials. Unti 1 these substdnces ue identified dnd concentrations measured, m4ximum protection may be necessary.
Visible emissions: Visible air emissions from leaking containers or railroad/vehicular tank cars, as well as smoke from chemical fires dnd others, indicate high potent i a I for concentrations of substances that could be extreme respiratory or skin hazards.
. Job functi,.,·;: Initial site entries are generally walk-throughs in wl'lict, instruments and visual observations are used to make a preliminary evaluation of the halards, In initial site entries, Level A should be worn when:
there ,, a probability for uposure to high con-centrar . · .• of vapors, gases, or particulates.
substances are known or suspected of being extremely toxic directly to the skin or by being absorbed.
Subsequent entries are to conduct the many activities needed to reduce the environmental impact of the incident. Levels of Protection for later operations are based not only on data obtained from the initial and subsequent environmental moni-toring, but also on the probability of contamination and ease of decontamination.
Examples of situations where Level A has been worn are:
-Excavating of soil to sample buried drums suspected of containing high concentrations of dioxin.
• Entering a cloud of chlorine to repair a value broken in a railroad accident.
-Handling and moving drums known to contain 0111111.
• Responding to accidents involving cyanide, arsenic, and un-diluted pesticides.
The fully encapsula.t1ng suit provides the highest degree of protection t_o skin, eyes, and respiratory system 1f the suit material resists chemicals during the time the suit is worn. While Level A provides maximum protection, all suit material may be rapidly permeated and degraded by certain chemicals
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• Boots (outer), chem1cal-res1stant, steel toe and shank
• Boot covers (outer), chemical-resistant (disposable)•
• Hard hat (face shield•)
• Escape mask•
• 2-Way radio comunications• (inherently safe)
2. Criteria for selection
Meeting all of these criteria permits use of Level C protec-tion:
• Oxygen concentrations are not less than 19.51 by volume,
• Measured air concentrations of identified substances w111 be reduced by the respirator below the substance's thres-hold I fm1t value (TLV) and the concentration fs w1thfn the service lfmit of the canister,
• Atmospheric contaminant concentrations do not exceed IDLH !eve Is,
Atmospheric contaminants, lfqufd spl1shes, or other. direct contact will not adversely 1ffect 1ny body area left unprotected by cht111lc1l-reslstant clothing,
• Job functions do not require self-contained breathing apparatus,
• Of rect rNdi ngs are a few ppms above background on in-struments such u the FID or PIO, (See Appendices I and I I , )
3. Guidance on ttlection
•opt 1 ona I
1, Level C protection 1s dfstingufshed fr011 Level 8 by, the equipment used to protect tht r1splr1tory system, 1ss1111ing the same type of ch1111ical-resist1nt clothing fs used, The ma111 11l1ct1on criterion for Level C 1s that conditions penn1t wearing a1r-pur1fy1ng respirators,
_The 11r-pur1fy1ng device must be I full-face rupir1tor (MSHA/NIOSH 1pproV1d) equipped w1th a canister suspended fr0111 the chin or on a harness, C1n1sters must be 1bl1 to •
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factors and other select1on criteri,z all affect the ,egree of protection afforded. Therefore, a specialist should select the most effect1ve chemical-resistant clothing based on the known or anticipated hazards ind job function.
Level 8 equipment does provides a high level of pritect ion to tt,e respirdtory tract. Generally, if a self-contained breathing apparatus is required for respiratory protection, selectfn~ chemical-resistant clothing (Level 8) rather than a fully encapsulating suit (Level A) is based on needing less protection against known or anticipated substances affecting the skin. Level B skin protection is selected by:
• Comparing the concentrations of known or identified substances in air with skin toxicity data.
. Detennining the presence of substances that are destruc-tive to or readily absorbed through the skin by liquid splashes, unexpected high levels of gases, vapor, or particulates, or other means of direct contact.
-Assessing the effect of the substance (at its measured air concentrations or potential for splashing) on the small areas left unprotected by chemical-resistant clothing. A hooded garment taped to the mask, and boots and gloves taped to the suit further reduces arta of exposure.
c. For initial site entry and reconnaissance at an open site, approaching whenever possible from upwind, Level B protec-t ion (with good quality, hooded, chemical-resistant cloth-ing) should protect response personnel, providing the conditions described in selecting Level A are known or judged to be absent.
C. Level C Protection
1. Personnel protective equipment
• Air-purifying respirator, full-face, canister-equ,pped (MSHA/NIOSH approved)
• Chemical-resistant clothing (coveralls; hooded, one-piece or two-piece chemical splash suit; chemical-resistant hood and apron; disposable chemical-resistant coveralls)
-Coveralls•
-Long cotton unden,e•r•
• Gloves (outer), chemical-resistant
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remove the substances encountered. Quuter-or hal f-mas,s or cheekeartridge, full-face masks should be used only with the approval of a qual tf1ed individual.
Jn addition, a full-face, air-purifying mask can be used only if:
• Substance has adequate warning properties.
-Individual passes a qualitative fit-test for the maSk.
Appropriate cartridge/canister is used, and its service limit concentration is not exceeded,
b, An air surveilldnce program 1s part of all response opera-tions when atmospheric contamination is known or suspected. It is particularly important that the air be thoroughly monitored when personnel are wearing air-purifying respira-tors. Periodic surveillance us1ng d1rect-read1ng instru-ments and air sampling is needed to detect any changes in a'ir quality necessitating a higher level of respiratory protection.
c, Level C protection with a full-face, air-pur1fying resp1. rator should be worn routinely in an atmosphere only after the type of air contaminant Is identified, concentrations measured and the criteria for wearing air-purifying respi-rator met. To permit flexibility In precriblng a LeveLof Protection at certain environmental incidents, a specialist could consider using air-purifying respirators in uniden-tified vapor/gas concentrations of a few parts per million above background as indicated by a needle deflection on the FID or PIO, However a needle deflection of a few parts per mi 11 ion above background should not be the sole criterion for selecting Level C. Since the Individual components may never be completely Identified, a decision on continuous wearing of Level C must be made after assessing all safety considerations, including:
• The presence of (or potenti1l for) organic or inorganic vapors/gases against which a canister Is Ineffective or has a short service life. •
• The known (or suspected) presence in air of substances with low TLVs or IDLH levels.
• The presence of particulates in 1lr •
• The errors associated with both the Instruments and monitoring_ procedures used.
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The presence of (or potential for) substances fn air which do not elicit a response on the instrument used,
The potential for higher concentrations in the ambient atmosphere or in the air adjacent to specific site operations.
d, The continuous use of air-purifying respirators (Level C) must be based on the i dent 1fi cation of the substances contributing to the total vapor or gas concentration and t~e application of published criteria for the routine use of air-pur1fying devicu. Un1dent1fitd ambfent concen. trations of organic vapors or gases in air approaching or uceedi ng a few ppm above background require, as I mini. mum, Level B protection,
o. Level O Protection
1. Personnel protective equipment
• Coveralls
• Boots/shoes, leather or chemic1l-r1111t1nt, steel toe and shank
• Safety 9111111 or ch11111c1l splash 9099111•
• Hard hit (f1c1 sh1tld)*
2, Criteria for selection
Meeting any of these criteria 1llow1 use of Level O protection:
• No contaminants are present,
• work functions prec 1 udt sp h shu, 111111er1 ion, or potent 111 for un11pect1d 1nh1l1t1on of any cheftl1c1l1,
L1v1l D protect1on 11 pr1mar11y I work un1for111, It un be worn only 1n 1r111 where there 11 no po111b111ty of contact with cont1minatton.
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I APPENDIXE
HEALTH AND SAFEIY FORMS
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Facility: ___________ _ Location: ________ _
Project Name: _________ _ Project No.: _______ _
Date: ___________ _ Time:Start. ____ Finish, __ _
HEALTH AND SAFETY TRAINING SESSION DOCUMENTATION RECORD
Health and Safety Topics Covered:
ATTENDEES
NAME PRINTED SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBER SIGNATURE
Meeting conducted by:
Name Printed Signature
Supervisor:
Name Printed Signature
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KEYSTONE ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES, INC.
MEDICAL APPROVAL FORM
PARTICIPANTNAME. ________ DATE OF EXAM:. ___ _
The individual named above has:
1. Undergone a physical examination and found medically.
2.
( ) qualified for hazardous waste site work
( ) not qualified for hazardous site work
and,
Undergone a physical examination as per OSHA (29 CFR 1910.134
(b) (10) and found medically.
( ) qualified to usc a respirator
( ) not qualified to usc a respirator
Signature
Name of Physician
Physician Address
Physician Phone
NOTE: Copies of test results arc maintained and available at:
Kcvstone Environmental Resources, Inc. 3000 Tech Center Drive
Monroeville, Pennsylvania 15146
OSHA 1910.134 (b)(l0) Persons should not be assigned to taaks requiring use of
respirators unless it has been determined that they are physically able to perform the
work and usc the equipment. The local physician shall dctennine what health and
physical conditions arc pcnincnt. The respirator user's medical status should be
reviewed periodically ( for instance, annually).
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• huL . l i--u.,~---'4-H-++-Hr+-+-+--H-l-~.W..--U --j I hs ! ; \; 1 _ I 1 ;iif',1 ! I \ .r{ · I lf---!.IJU/-l:--.--,--a4--H-++-H-:-~--+-l--l-~..j_J__.LJ_j_J' i I ill I :·I ,l. ' ~ i : ~'r''~hL--;;a_;~~'+++-+-H-.Jlµ--i-+-+,~-:~-L+--+-l-W-1 ~ ! j I -=== rt-·-+-,-+-++-+-' -+I-+-+-+-:++~ -H'-:--1--' -l-1 --+-+~! i '1 , --== 1 , 1 : ~ H 1· -:::::-·-.rr, -+-+-+++-1-1-+-, ....... , +, +-+---1-1--1-+-+--H__, ' -I ,, --•· !!+---1-+-+-++-+---!-l......J-.+I +-+---1-1--1-+-+--H-' '"1 3 'I I --I~ l ' ! 11 __ -.:; f'f-' -+-+-+++-1-1-+-+-' ..:...1 _..I ---1--<-l.....' -1-+--...J.-.j.-+--i 0 I I Ii -:--= I I I
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1178
job
safety and .
Records, Reports and Notices
Citation: 11 Ul)Dr'I llf'IIOIClOI ()91A bet~ an ~io,.,," has ~'90 lf'le Af:t a CUIO'l llllil')lflg SUC'1 vt01,111.l'l'S .. ,, be-rssu,o IOlht~ Eacn CllallCW\ Will 'W)eel~ ii llfflll PlftOd WIJ'lin -,IIINCn inrat.iegeo VIQl,ltion "'41 bf conecwcs
health
"protection
E':mployers.
ll tplC tlon;
Complaint:
,i 3205
r,. OcCuD,11,on,JI 5alf!'ly ano Mt>A,ln A,:.1 ul I 9 .-c p,c,.,on ,ol.) satet, an(J ~llh LJ!Ofl"(1,IJll to• ~ ff'W0u9'l lf'II!' c,,omor,c,n QI \.,lie ¥'<J nealllhtul 11111or1un9 C0'11lllO"IS ff'I~ Into NalO'I Aeou11emenrs 01 me~, ,n..::,~ .... """"II ______ ., ... ........ --------ca--.•-...,IDUWNCIHll'I ----------; ....... -----..... .., .. Ac&. -___ .. ...., ........... . ...... _______ .....
_Ad _ _.,_,__ ....... -----n. OccuOIIIClf\ll S,,fe,fy ano Ht-1:m A('ri,n,~ fTllhan IQSHAI 0, lhfC)epamienf O' L,aOOI '¼'> • o,.ma,y .soonsi0111~ tor .am,n,sre,,-1"9 r~ Ara OSHA rl$M occupatoon,1 wteto, .anc, ~ staNlalOS ana its Cano1,.ance Satetv and HHIOI Officers Canduc.l j0t)1,•te tnS&'.le(.l,on'.'o I:>__,,. care,,~ .,rn rr. Au
ThltAc:1 reQueres tnal I ~lh~ Of mtco ~ .ana a re,:,,ew,w,w auft'IOf'•ffCJ o-, ,..,ici,u,~es oe Qr¥en,. OPCIO"tV"•~ 10 .ac ~ ._ OSHA ,nwecro, to, mt cu,~ of-,.nglhtt6'"!Sl)e(IO"'I
...,. thefe: " no a.,1hor,n,a eml'.>k>¥N' ~ .,.rve ene OSHA Cono••at'Ce Oft,cttr mu\l ecnsun w11tt • •e•'Sa'\M)• """°" ot f'l'T'IOIOYtt:• cancem'"O Ml~ .-,0 helltn cc,na,l,oM 11'1 lht woni.otace
Etf'll)tOyeeS n, "-" reore-sen111,~ nave •l'le rigN 10 Ir~ a CCl"Pll.nt .,,,, I~ ~,,es, QSH.a ofhCe ~lor'IQ ,>n ,,,.-,4)f!CIJ(ll"t ,I fne-, ~I~ unute o, ~•n"tul cono11,c,ns I!'••~ ,n the'" ~ace ~ w,11 ••ff'lnOIO on~, na,ne,s ot ei"T'O~ cano1ain,nq
fhlt "Cl o,ov,oes rn.a1 emo~ mav nor r.ie d,scr.a'Qe'CJ o, a,sc,.,,,,11111!'Q ~1ns1 "' .,,,,., w,h to, Mong satetv 6'° rieatm co-n01a,n1\ 01 ~•w e•c,c,'>ir"'-1 me" ,,qnrs ,,t\(Je• l',e "ct
An en"DIOVff.,,.., oe•~ nip ".t" r~ a,scrim,rt.11ea ~.,..s, may 1,ie,. l.<¥"11;1d•"' .,,,n, ,,_ ~••l!'\l OSHA on,ce ..,,,,,,,. 30 iov·• , ,, ,,..., a1ieqeo n,sp,m.na1,n,,
p,.,ect
P9nalty:
VoluntarY Activity:
More
r,.OSHACrtatlffl~ be oran•,.,'"Y d11-v•..,._, II OI ~•' lhe Dlate ot ,IIIIIQl(l violal-v 117 ~ .,..,. or "''"' ,t ,s c:orfWCtllld. ~,,. ,,.,,... IO__,.dliP-.WWSOIOlngll'S_tr'lalffl,iiv
ea,sllheft> ··
r,,. Acl oeow,on lof 11•ct1k>y i)8nllltlft ~ lllff'IOoV9'1 Of l.c:110 Sl 00, lcr each S4!1'10US W,Clal0'1 ana b OOIJOl'\ill oenanies c,t uu 10 s 1 COl lor each nonserious wio,ao, Pwnltties 01 \C> to S 1 (DJ pe, Clay "'8'f De o,o OCJI.S9:J to, ta11ute 10 conec:r v,01a11ons WllfWI rtit-P'tCJOS80 1-. oe,IQd Arso. ill'ty ~ wf\o..· wrlllully or ~'Y woatn lhe A.a may toe ;:.,;,eueo oenan,es a, uo 10110000 tor c.a, \uC.'1 v_,...ion
C,ima'\I, oenanies.,. •ISO Dl'OWl(Jed lor '" ir... · Act Any w,utu• V~,on resuning in dta!P'I oi J, ~ UOQl"I COf'lltCIICl"I ,s ~ t,,,, ,: l1111tOlnoltr'ICU 11\11'1 StO.CO')or bW' l'l'IOl"IS01· mtnl IOr noi more tnal s1a ~ o, ~ bo01 C.0,,.,ICIICl"IOI l"efflD!Otef aftef ,1 lll'SI CO"VICl,1;!· uout>Nn 1MSe rn.ai:inun oana•ies
'#titre p,oi,idinq oentllots lor woM0'\11 lf'le Arr IIIO tf'W:Q.lfll)n eftons bW° lam, Mid~ . meN oeto,,e an OSHA insoectton 10 '9duce .n,u,ies ana 1llnn$e1. iltisng OUIOl.,-~1'1! ·:
. r.._ ()epar,ment OI uco, encourages anoic,,,-P• ~ lnO -"'Cl Gp81S. IO~ -0-~ hllll'OS VOlt,na,1ly __, 10°"'9't00 rd ~Uflltv ,ana hUnn o,ogtlffll in all~ ,no _ ...
Such cooc,eqrn,,e «:fO"I IIIIUJIO .,IILIJly tocus ,_.., .,. ..,..,hcatOI ana etlffl..,,.l(ln d hazatOS ff'lalCOIAClauMdeaffi '"IUl'W' orll.-.SSIO 9'ftl)ICJlt'N$ .-d t.well ••IO'I r...,_.,_tnany CUDIOC: #Id a,r., ... organ,lallCnS lr\lf CMI 0,0 w,oe inforn"lat,on and ilSSl'IIM'Ce ., lfl,s tftor't ··-
Information: ., ... ,_.... ... ... ..... Of .. Ac1. ------· -----·-... -.. --........ ..._,......,. ....... -----~---.. _, --·---·--·--·--Qly.-,._Ymll ..... YOII RT da.•wuc1••• -~ ........... ,
,~~torrn.stOft<es "'<I ildQ,110,-.., Area on.-;e ioc.r.::,n,. .,. 1,steo rt'\ "-~ 01r«~ l..nliPf 1'11' Untaea Sti11es ~,,...,, QI LJOOr "' mt un,tea Sli11es ~llo'§l•"Q
W"""••nqrno, 0 l
'411;
! ISMA, ·~,OJ
[The original of this
poster is 10" x 16"--
CCH.]
!;>1914. Commerce Clearing House, Inc. .. ......,