NCD003188844_19980724_Carolina Transformer_FRBCERCLA SAP QAPP_Field Sampling and Analysis Plan - Remedial Design Data Collection Effort Project Assistance Rev 0-OCR

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Document Control No. 4400-73-AHRB
Revision 0
RECEl\tr=r
JUL 2 7 1998
SUPEAFUND SECTION
FIELD SA.l\1PLING AND ANALYSIS PLAN
REMEDIAL DESIGN DATA COLLECTION EFFORT
PROJECT ASSISTANCE
CAROLINA TRANSFORMER SUPERFUND SITE
FAYETTEVILLE, CUMBERLAND COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
Work Assignment No. 73-4NC2
JULY 1998
REGION IV
U.S. EPA CONTRACT NO. 68-W9-0057
Roy F. Weston, inc.
Suite 200
5405 Metric Place
Norcross, Georgia 30092
WESTON W.O. No. 04400-073-095-00CS-09
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Document Control No. 4400-73-AHRB
Revision 0
FIELD SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS PLAN
REMEDIAL DESIGN DATA COLLECTION EFFORT
PROJECT ASSISTANCE
CAROLINA TRANSFORMER SUPERFUND SITE
FAYETTEVILLE, CUMBERLAND COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
Work Assignment No. 73-4NC2
JULY 1998
REGION IV
U.S. EPA CONTRACT NO. 68-W9-0057
Roy F. Weston, Inc.
Suite 200
5405 Metric Place
Norcross, Georgia 30092
WESTON W.O. No. 04400-073-095-0005--09
I
Prepared by:
FIELD SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS PLAN
REMEDIAL DESIGN DATA COLLECTION EFFORT
PROJECT ASSISTANCE
REVISION0
CAROLINA TRANSFORMER SUPERFUND SITE
FAYETIEVILLE, CUMBERLAND COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
U.S. EPA Contract No. 68-W9-0057
Work Assignment No. 73-4NC2
Document Control No. 4400-73-AHRB
JULY 1998
u~U ~ David Nelson, P.O.
Date: _7:.+-=--/4--'-+--'t( /'1'--"-%"-
WESTON Work Assignment Manager
Technical Review f 4' ,I/
Performed by: _.,.,,,,.,,c,..?(.~'h""~"""'-.:..,~~'4:-tu><a."""-------
-/'or Brian 1'1,(ee,pi Date: _ _,_7_;-ic:._'i'-----'-9.,,_f __ _
Project Technical Manager
Approved by: --M~=~_::::,~:,.._<Ac/L--
STON Region I
Approved by:----,----------
Luis Flores
U.S. EPA Remedial Project Manager
Approved by: ____________ _
Robert P. Stem
U.S. EPA Regional Project Officer
Date: _ _j7c_·,._2c.J.4_·9.,_,8_,._ __
Date: _______ _
Date: _______ _
WESTON W.O. No. 04400-073-095-0005-09
NORIK:\WP\04400\073\FSAP001.DOC
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This document was prepared by Roy F. Weston, Inc., expressly ror EPA. It shall not be disclosed, in whole or in part, without the
express written permission of EPA.
Section
1
2
3
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title
Field Sampling and Analysis Plan
Carolina Transformer Superfund Site
Section: Table of Contents
Revision: 0
Date: July 1998
INTRODUCTION ..................................................................... 1-1
I. I
1.2
1.3
Site/Facility Description ........................................................................ 1-l
Regional Geology And Hydrogeology ................................................. 1-3
Project Objectives ................................................................................. 1-5
SITE MANAGEMENT PLAN .................... ; ................................. 2-1
2.1 Site Control.. ........................................................................................ 2-l
2.2
2.3
2.1. l
2.1.2
Site Access ...................................................................................... 2-1
Site.Security .................................................................................... 2-l
Project Organization And Personnel Responsibilities ............................ 2-2
Project Schedule ................................................................................... 2-3
FIELD SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS PLAN ................................... 3-1
3.1
3.2
Scope OfWork ..................................................................................... 3-I
Description of Activities ....................................................................... 3-2
3.2.1
3.2.2
Site Clearing ........................... .
Soil Sampling.
.................................. 3-2
·······································3-2
3.2.2.1
3.2.2.2
Sampling Soil Hot Spots at Depth ....................................... 3-4
Sampling Soil Beneath Concrete .......................................... 3-5
3.2.3
3.2.4
3.2.5
3.2.6
3.2.7
3.2.8
3.2.9
Concrete Sampling...... . ..... 3-5
Sediment Sampling........ . .................................... 3-5
Waste and Debris Sampling ........................................................ 3-10
Groundwater Level Measurements ................................................ 3-10
Extraction Well Installation ........................................................... 3-11
Extraction Well Development ..................................................... 3-!4
Extraction Well and Existing Monitor Well Sampling ................... 3-15
NOR/K \WP\04400\073\FSAP001. DOC
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This document was prepared by Roy F. Weston, lnc .. expressly for EPA. It shall not be disclosed, in whole or in part, without the
express written permission of EPA.
Section
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
Field Sampling and Analysis Plan
Carolina Transformer Superfund Site
Section: Table of Contents
Revision: 0
Date: July 1998
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
Title
3.2.9.1
3.2.9.2
Calculating Purge Volumes and Well Purging Procedures .3-15
Temperature, pH, Specific Conductance, and Turbidity
Readings ............................................................................ 3-16
3.2.9.3 Groundwater Sampling ...................................................... 3-17
3.2.10 Aquifer Test .................................................................................. 3-18
3.2.11 Asbestos Survey ............................................................................ 3-19
3.2.12 Tank and Transformer Sampling ................................................... 3-20
3.2. 13 IDW Drum Classification and Sampling ........................................ 3-21
3.2.14 Site Survey .................................................................................... 3-21
Field QC Samples ............................................................................... 3-22
3.3.1
3.3.2
3.3.3
3.3.4
3.3.5
Equipment Rinsates ....................................................................... 3-22
Field Duplicates................... . ...................................... 3-22
Material Blanks ............................................................................. 3-23
Inorganic Blanks ........................................................................... 3-23
Duplicates for Extractable Organic Compound Samples ................ 3-23
Residuals Management ........... . ··············3-24
···········3-24 Sample Packaging ................................... .
3.5.1
3.5.2
3.5.3
Completing Sample Collection Field Records ............................... 3-24
Completing Sample Labels and Tags ............................................ 3-25
Sample Packaging and Shipment.. ................................................ 3-27
Equipment Decontamination Procedures ..... ........................... 3-28
3.6.1 Teflon or Stainless Steel S11mpling Equipment .............................. 3-28
3.6.2 Monitoring Well lnstruments ...................................................... 3-28
3.6.3 Submersible Pumps and Hoses.................... . .......... 3-29
3.6.4 Sampling Equipment and Tools.......... . ......................... 3-29
3.6.5 Drilling Equipment............ . ...... 3-30
Documentation And Chain-Of-Custody Procedures ........... 3-30
NOR/K\WP\04400\073\FSAP001.00C II
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This document was prepared by Roy F. Weston, Inc., expressly for EPA. It shall not be disclosed, in whole or in part, without the
express written permission of EPA.
Section
4
Figure
3-1
3-2
3-3
3-4
3-5
Table
3-1
Field Sampling and Analysis Plan
Carolina Transformer Superfund Site
Section: Table of Contents
Revision: 0
Date: July 1998
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
Page
3.7.1 Field Logbook ...... : ........................................................................ 3-3 I
3.7.2 Chain-of-Custody Procedures ........................................................ 3-32
3.7.3 Custody Transfer and Shipment .................................................... 3-32
QUALITY ASSURANCE OBJECTIVES ......................................... 4-1
4.1
4.2
Data Quality Objectives ....................................................................... .4-I
Intended Use Of The Data .................................................................... .4-I
LIST OF FIGURES
Title
Soil and Concrete Sampling Locations ............ .
Drainage Ditch Sediment/Soil Sampling Locations West of Site ....................... 3-8
Drainage Ditch Sediment Sampling Locations Along Middle Road ................... 3-9
Extraction Well, Transformer, and Tank Locations ......................................... 3-12
Shallow Aquifer Well Construction Diagram ................................................. 3-13
LIST OF TABLES
Title
Laboratory Sample Analysis Requirements ..................... . ......... 3-6
NOR/K:IWP\04400\073\FSAP001 DOC II I
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This document was prepared by Roy F. Weston, Inc., expressly for EPA. It shall not be disclosed, in whole or in part, without the
express written permission of EPA.
SECTION I
lNTRODUCTION
Field Sampling and Analysis Plan
Carolina Transformer Superfund Site
Section: 1
Revision: O
Date: July 1998
Roy F. Weston, Inc., (WESTON.,) has prepared this Field Sampling and Analysis Plan (FSAP) I for the Carolina Transformer Superfund site located in Fayetteville, North Carolina. This work is
being conducted under the ARCS Program, Contract Number 68-W9-0057, Work Assignment I Number 73-4NC2, Revision Number 0.
I The FSAP presents the procedures to be used in completing the Remedial Design (RD) Data
Collection effort for groundwater at the site as part of the Remedial Design/Solicitation Package I under the ARCS assignment, and for soil and other media at the site under the RAC
Performance-based Solicitation Package. Additional information concerning project operations is
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contained in the Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP) and the Health and Safety Plan (HASP)
submitted under separate cover. The objectives of the RD Data Collection effort at the Carolina
Transformer site are to characterize the extent of contamination (primarily from PCBs) across
the site, to estimate the volume of contamination in various site matrices, and to evaluate site
hydrogeologic characteristics.
I.I SITE/FACILITY DESCRIPTION
The Carolina Transformer site (the site) is located in Cumberland County, North Carolina,
approximately one mile northeast of Fayetteville and north of the intersection of U.S. Highway
30 I and Middle and River Roads. The site consists of approximately 4.4 acres of relatively flat
terrain and is bounded on the north-northwest by a wooded, swamp-type area, which is adjacent
to an agricultural field and numerous homes; on the northwest and west by and drainage ditch
NOR/K:IWP\04400\073\FSAP001. OOC 1-1
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This document was prepared by Roy F. Weston, Inc., expressly for EPA. It shall not be disclosed, in whole or in part, without the
express written permission of EPA.
Field Sampling and Analysis Plan
Carolina Transformer Superfund Site
Section: 1
Revision: O
Date: July 1998
and by a dirt road that provides access to two homes; to the south by Middle Road, Larry's
Sausage Company, and Lundy Packing Company; and to the east by an agricultural field.
According to the Remedial Investigation (RI) and Record of Decision (ROD) documents as
produced by EPA, Carolina Transformer Company (CTC) began recycling electrical
transformers and capacitors in 1967 and operated until 1982. In the course of the transformer
rebuilding business, CTC handled and stored at the site large numbers of electrical transformers
which contained oil laden with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). CTC did not, apparently,
operate as a PCB storage and disposal site for owners of PCB transformers or PCB articles.
However, PCB fluids were drained from transformers and were not properly stored and
managed.
According to North Carolina Secretary of State's Corporate Division records, in 1979, Mr.
Kenneth Strothers started a new transformer company called Faytranco, which was located in
Fayetteville, North Carolina. In 1985, Faytranco was shut down and dissolved. According to
EPA records, CTC relocated and changed its name to Faytranco, Inc. in April 1982. According
to a deed dated November 29, 1984, the entire site was sold to Cumberland Electrical Repair,
Inc., by CTC through two individuals known as Mr. Pearson and Mr. Miller. A deed dated April
15, 1985, indicates that Cumberland Electrical Repair, Inc. operated at the site for only about four
and one-half months before being ordered by the courts to return the property to CTC.
The RI and Post Remedial Investigation (PR!) of 1993 have revealed soil, surface water, and
groundwater contamination. The contaminants of concern have been determined to ·include
PCBs, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and metals. Reportedly, all of the contamination
detected has occurred within the shallow aquifer beneath the site and the contamination of I groundwater is contained within site boundaries. Geologic evidence from the RI and PRI
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This document was prepared by Roy F. Weston, Inc., expressly for EPA. lt shall not be disclosed, in whole or in part, without the
express written permission of EPA.
Field Sampling and Analysis Plan
Carolina Transformer Superfund Site
Section: 1
Revision: O
Date: July 1998
indicates that a very thick (approximately 100 feet), low permeability clay layer underlies the
surficial aquifer that possibly prevents downward migration of potential contaminants.
The investigation conducted by EPA has revealed PCB contamination in surface water contained
in the drainage ditch that runs through the site and into a wooded area southwest of the site. In
addition, PCBs were revealed in the surface water of a low-lying marsh located to the northwest
of the site. One metal ( copper) and one VOC [bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate] were also detected in
the surface water samples.
The EPA RI investigation also documented that soils and sediments throughout the western and
southern portions of the site contain moderate to high levels of PCB compounds. Composite
soil/debris samples collected during the 1990 RI from the main building, maintenance building,
and burn building revealed PCBs at levels as high as 2200 milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg).
The highest soil levels were found in on-site soil samples west of the main building and east of
the raised foundation; however, PCBs and other contaminants have been detected off site as well,
especially in drainage ditches that emanate from the site. Other soil contaminants include
pesticides, VOCs, and high levels of copper, mercury, and arsenic.
1.2 REGIONAL GEOLOGY AND HYDROGEOLOGY
The Carolina Transformer Superfund site lies within the Atlantic Coastal Plain of southeastern
North Carolina. The site is underlain by the Cretaceous age Cape Fear Formation, according to
1985 Geologic Map of North Carolina.
The Cape Fear overlies an eroded irregular surface of crystalline rocks through much of the inner
Coastal Plain. The unit is best exposed along each of the major rivers flowing across the inner
Coastal Plain and along the major tributaries to these rivers. In the interstream areas and in the
NOR/K: \WP\04400\073\FSAP001 . DOC 1-3
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This document was prepared by Roy F. Weston, Inc., expressly ror EPA. It shall not be disclosed, in whole or in part, without the
express written permission of EPA.
Field Sampling and Analysis Plan
Carolina Transformer Superfund Site
Section: 1
Revision: O
Date: July 1998
Sandhills area, the Cape Fear Formation's extensive subsurface distribution is documented by
water well data.
The Cape Fear generally consists of alternating beds of sandstone and mudstone. Sandstone beds
are typically 1-5 meters thick, and mudstone beds are generally thinner with a thickness of 1-2
meters. Beds characteristically display good lateral continuity (over hundreds of meters)
although sand/mud ratios will grade laterally within the beds. Depositional units are usually
graded. They consist of pebbly sandstone and conglomerate with clay rip-up clasts at the base
(usually a scour surface) and grade through finer-grained sandstone to silty clay.
Sorting is usually poor within the Cape Fear Formation. Silty matrix is ubiquitous and sand to
fine pebble-size grains are usually scattered through the mudstone beds. Quartz is the dominant
constituent. Feldspar, detrital muscovite mica, and metamorphic rock fragments are minor
constituents (less than 10 percent of total composition) (Heron, 1958). Lignite, amber, and pyrite
or marcasite concretions are rare constituents. Felspar and very coarse-grained mica are
commonly concentrated in the coarser-grained, basal portions of sandstone beds. Clay
composition is mixed montmorillonite and kaolinite, and these occur in about equal proportions
(Heron, 1958).
Much of the Cape Fear Sandstone is crossbedded. This is usually difficult to see on weathered
surfaces, but can be very distinctive on fresh surfaces. In most exposures, the unit is light gray to
yellowish gray with red, reddish-orange, and yellowish-orange mottling along fractures and other
zones of groundwater movement such as bedding planes. Where freshly dug or drilled, however,
the unit is a characteristic bluish-green or bluish-gray.
According to information presented in the RI report, the Carolina Transformer site may be
underlain by as many as three aquifers. The alluvial deposits where sand and gravel are present
NOR/K:\WP\04400\073\FSAPOO 1.DOC 1-4
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This document was prepared by Roy F. Weston, Inc., expressly for EPA. Jt shall not be disclosed, in whole or in part, without the
express written permission of EPA.
Field Sampling and Analysis Plan
Carolina Transformer Superfund Site
Section: 1
Revision: 0
Date: July 1998
could provide large yields to wells. Available information indicates that the alluvial aquifers are
not presently used for water supply in the area. The sands and clays of the Cape Fear and
Middendorf Formations serve as aquifers in the Fayetteville area. Wells completed within these
formations can be screened over a large interval which could cover sands· and intervening clays.
The sands provide much higher yield and are the most productive aquifers in the region. The
bedrock possesses fracture permeability and is utilized for industrial supplies. A deep bedrock
well was used by Larry's Sausage Company, located adjacent to the site. This well is 303 feet
deep and is completed into the bedrock from 212 feet to the total depth.
Mr. J. D. Parker, President of the Carolina Sand and Gravel Company, Inc., indicated during a
conversation on June 22, I 989, that exploration borings near the site, to south and northwest,
showed a thick clay lens starting at approximately 90 feet below land surface (BLS) and
extending down to at least 120 feet BLS. Copies of the exploration boring logs have been
provided to EPA.
The shallow aquifer, located at a depth of five to eight feet below ground surface, is flowing
through a fine to coarse sand layer which varies in thickness from six to 13 feet. The shallow
groundwater appears to flow in a northeasterly direction. The gray to blue-gray clay located
under the upper sand layer is very tough and dry (observed from samples collected during the
RI), indicating that the clay is a very good confining layer separating the shallow aquifer from
the deeper aquifers.
1.3 PROJECT OBJECTIVES
Project objectives are to characterize the extent of uncontrolled hazardous materials and to
evaluate the total volume of contamination in various site matrices at the Carolina Transformer
NOR/K:IWP\04400\073\FSAPOO 1. DOC 1-5
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This document was prepared by Roy F. Weston, Inc., expressly for EPA. It shall not be disclosed, in whole or in part, without the
express written permission of EPA.
Field Sampling and Analysis Plan
Carolina Transformer Superfund Site
Section: 1
Revision: 0
Date: July 1998
Superfund site. Meeting the goals will require fulfilling the objectives and data requirements
which are itemized below:
• Supplement and verify the existing information regarding the environmental setting at the
Carolina Transformer Superfund site;
• Determine the hydraulic characteristics of the surficial water-bearing zone;
• Sample relevant media to determine the extent of contamination as compared to remedial
goals;
• Assess the volume of waste exceeding regulatory criteria in various matrices for purposes
of remediation.
NOR/K:IWP\04400\073\FSAP001.DOC 1-6
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This document was prepared by Roy F. Weston, Inc., expressly for EPA. It shall not be disclosed, in whole or in part, without the
express written permission of EPA.
SECTION 2
SITE MANAGEMENT PLAN
Field Sampling and Analysis Plan
Carolina Transformer Superfund Site
Section; 2
Revision: O
Date: July 1998
This section provides general operating guidelines for access, security, and the field team
organization that will be implemented during investigation activities, as referenced in the RD
Work Plan. The following Site Management Plan (SMP) has been prepared under the assumption
that access to the proposed work locations within the study area will be possible.
2.1 SITE CONTROL
2.1.1 Site Access
EPA will be responsible for obtaining access from property owners for sampling locations that
are off site. Current physical access to most of the study area appears to be adequate.
2.1.2 Site Security
The site is accessible by two gates which will remain locked during site activities. A security
chain at each gate will be set and locked at the completion of a work day. Monitor/extraction
wells will be secured or completed with a locking protective cover prior to the completion of a
work day.
2.2 PROJECT ORGANIZATION AND PERSONNEL RESPONSIBILITIES
The field team for WESTON at the Carolina Transformer Superfund site will work under the
direction of the Program Manager (PM) and the Work Assignment Manager (W AM). Project
personnel responsibilities are listed below.
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This document was prepared by Roy F. Weston, Inc., expressly for EPA. It shall not be disclosed, in whole or in part, without the
express written permission of EPA.
Field Sampling and Analysis Plan
Carolina Transformer Superfund Site
Section: 2
Revision: O
Date: July 1998
Program Manager (PM). Mr. William R. Doyle, will serve as project director. Mr. Doyle
will be responsible for assessing and monitoring corporate resources, approving project
plans, conclusions/recommendations, leading major briefings/meeting negotiations, and
technical oversight.
Work Assignment Manager (W AM). Mr. David D. Nelson, P.G., will serve as the Work
Assignment Manager. Mr. Nelson's duties and responsibilities will include project team
management, project scheduling, budget monitoring, technical task integration, and
communication and coordination of team members and field efforts.
Site Manager. The Site Manager will be responsible for determining sampling locations
in the field and will oversee all field activities, including the collection of soil, sediment,
groundwater, and all other matrices samples.
Field Geologist/Engineer. The Field Geologist/Engineer will be responsible for
implementing all activities related to the geology/hydrogeology including overseeing site
clearing, extraction well installation, aquifer testing, and collection samples from various
site matrices.
Project Quality Assurance Officer. The Project Quality Assurance Officer (PQAO), will
be responsible for the direct oversight and overall implementation of the Quality
Assurance Project Plan (QAPP). The PQAO will monitor and audit implementation of
the approved document, including field activities, using the procedures as defined in the
QAPP
NOR/K:\WP\04400\0731FSAP001.00C 2-2
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This document was prepared by Roy F. Weston, Inc., expressly for EPA. It shall not be disclosed, in whole or in part, without the
express written permission of EPA.
Field Sampling and Analysis Plan
Carolina Transformer Superfund Site
Section: 2
Revision: O
Date: July 1998
Sample Custody Officer (SCO). One of the field team members will be designated as the
Sample Custody Officer, who will be responsible for ensuring proper completion of
sample custody forms as well as proper packaging and shipment of samples.
2.3 PROJECT SCHEDULE
Subsection 3 the Revision I Work Plan presents the estimated project schedule. The schedule
begins with the submittal of the Revision I Work Plan. Several assumptions are built into this
schedule, such as EPA review of deliverables and laboratory analysis turnaround. These
activities will directly impact the schedule accordingly. The proposed schedule of field sampling
activities is summarized below:
• Tuesday, July 28, 1998 -Mobilization to the site;
• Tuesday, July 28, 1998 -Asbestos survey;
• Wednesday, July 29, 1998 -Begin site clearing;
• Thursday, July 30, l 998 -Geoprobe soil investigation;
• Friday, July 31, 1998 -Complete site clearing and Geoprobe soil investigation;
• Saturday, August l, to Wednesday, August 5, 1998 -Tank and transformer sampling and
draining;
• Saturday, August 1, to Wednesday, August 5, 1998 -Groundwater sampling from
monitor wells;
• Saturday, August 1, to Wednesday, August 5, 1998 -Waste and debris sampling;
• Saturday, August l, to Wednesday, August 5, l 998 -IDW drum classification and
sampling;
• Saturday, August 1, to Wednesday, August 5, l 998 -Sediment sampling;
NQR/K:\WP\04400\073\FSAP001.DOC 2-3
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This document was prepared by Roy F. Weston, Inc., expressly for EPA. It shall not be disclosed, in whole or in part, without the
express written permission of EPA.
Field Sampling and Analysis Plan
Carolina Transformer Superfund Site
Section:2
Revision: O
Date: July 1996
• Thursday, August 6, 1998 -Complete site investigation activities.
The site survey will be conducted following the receipt of all sampling data so that WESTON
can first demarcate the approximate extent of contamination.
NOR/K:IWP\04400\073\FSAP001.00C 2-4
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This document was prepared by Roy F. Weston, Inc., expressly for EPA. It shall not be disclosed, in whole or in part, without the
express written permission of EPA.
SECTION 3
Field Sampling and Analysis Plan
Carolina Transformer Superfund Site
Section: 3
Revision: O
Date: July 1998
FIELD SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS PLAN
This section describes the sampling and analysis procedures for conducting the actions
recommended in Section I. The sampling protocols comply with the U.S. EPA Environmental
Investigation Standard Operating Procedures and Quality Assurance Manual, Region IV, revised
May 1996 (EISOPQAM)
If any deviations in sampling procedures from the approved Work Plan occur, these deviations
will be recorded in the field logbooks and reported in the RD Data Collection report as described
in Section 3.7, Documentation and Chain-of-Custody Procedures.
3.1 SCOPE OF WORK
Based on the discussion in Section I of this report, further investigation is recommended in the
following areas to obtain data needed to accomplish the RD Data Collection objectives:
• Site Clearing
• Soil Sampling
• Concrete Sampling
• Sediment Sampling
• Waste and Debris Sampling
• Groundwater Level Measurement
• Extraction Well Installation
• Extraction Well Development
• Extraction Well and Existing Monitor Well Sampling
• Asbestos Survey
• Aquifer Pump Test
• Tank and Transformer Sampling and Draining
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This document was prepared by Roy F. Weston, Inc., expressly for EPA. It shall not be disclosed, in whole or in part, without the
express written permission of EPA.
• IDW Drum Classification and Sampling
• Site Survey
Field Sampling and Analysis Plan
Carolina Transformer Superlund Site
Section: 3
Revision: 0
Date: July 1998
Additional data needs may be identified during the investigation activities and will be addressed
in a technical memorandum if needed. Investigative methods, sampling procedures and locations,
equipment decontamination, and documentation procedures follow.
3.2 DESCRIPTION OF ACTIVITIES
This section presents the activities to be conducted during the RD Data Collection effort,
methods of sample collection, the type and number of samples to be collected, and the sample
analytical methods.
3.2.1 Site Clearing
Prior to initiating investigative activities, the site will be cleared of trees, shrubs, and grasses.
The vegetation will be cut to within one to two inches above ground surface so as not to disturb
surface soils. Trees and shrubs will be shredded or chipped on site, and the shredded or chipped
material will be hauled for off-site disposal or reuse. Grasses, weeds, and vines will be left to
decompose on site.
3.2.2 Soil Sampling
The soil sampling program is described in the following subsections. Sampling locations are as I outlined shown in Figure 3-1.
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NOR/K IWP\04400\073\FSAP001.00C 3-2
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64
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[2J
54
39
65
[2J
DRAINAGE DITCH
----
0
66
0
67
57
68 0
58 O
40 41 42 44 45
WOODED AREA
0
X -x 30
X
X
GRAPHIC SCALE
60'
1" = 60 FEET
120'
69
59
46
usrs
47
32
x24
X
X
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X
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PROJECT TITU::
48
33
0
25
34
0
26
60
X
0 X
50 o 51 \
0
27
CAROLINA TRANSFORMER SITE
FAYETTEVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA
SOIL AND CONCRETE SAMPLING LOCATIONS
FIGURE 3-1
71
19
16
13
72
[2J
62
52
20 "'
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LEGEND
CONCRETE SAMPLES AND SAMPLES OF
SOIL IMMEDIATELY UNDERLYING CONCRETE.
-x -CHAIN-LINK FENCE.
[g]
0
[2J
TRANSFORMER LOCATION.
SOIL SAMPLES AT 18-24 INCHES BGS.
SOIL SAMPLES AT ONE FOOT INTERVALS
STARTING AT 18-24 INCHES BGS.
.--+----UST'S
DRAWN: DATE W.O. NO.:
04400-073-095 M. SNEED 7/23/98
CHECKED: DATE: APPROVED: DATE: CAD FIL£ NA.,.E:
FIG3-1.DWG
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This document was prepared by Roy F. Weston, Inc., expressly for EPA. It shall not be disclosed, in whole or in part, without the
express written permission of EPA.
3.2.2.1 Sampling Soil Bot Spots at Depth
Field Sampling and Analysis Plan
Carolina Transformer Superfund Sile
Section: 3
Revision: 0
Date; July 1998
At the three locations _where the deepest soil samples (8 to IO inches) collected during the RI
contained PCB concentrations of greater than I 00 mg/kg, samples will be collected continuously
at one-foot intervals, starting at 18 to 29 inches below ground surface (bgs) until the PCB
concentration as measured using field test kits is I mg/kg or less. These samples represent RI
grid locations 54, 62, and 65. Ten percent of samples will be shipped for laboratory analysis to
compare PCB results, including both PCB hits and non-detects to evaluate false positive and
false negative results.
At 12 other locations where the deepest soil samples (8 to IO inches) collected during the RI
contained PCB concentrations of25 mg/kg to 100 mg/kg, samples will be collected from a depth
of 18 to 24 inches bgs. These samples represent RI grid locations 25, 26, 27, 32, 37, 49, 50, 56,
58, 64, 66, and 68. The samples will be analyzed using PCB field test kits, with I 0% of samples
sent for laboratory analysis, including both PCB hits and non-detects to evaluate false positive
and false negative results.
Soil samples will be collected using a direct push, Geoprobe-type rig to push a split barrel
sampler with a butyrate liner through the desired sampling interval. The sample will be brought
to the surface and removed in the butyrate liner. The liner will then be sliced open to reveal the
soil sample. The soil samples will be examined for any obvious staining or potential
contamination, and logged by a WESTON geoscientist. A portion of the soil will then be placed
into the appropriate sample jars. ·
All soil samples will be analyzed for PCB content. The samples sent off site for laboratory
analysis will be forwarded to laboratories in the EPA Contract Laboratory Program. WESTON
will adhere to all CLP guidance for sample collection and handling.
NQR/K IWP\04400\073\FSAP001, DOC 3-4
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This document was prepared by Roy F. Weston, Inc., expressly for EPA. It shall not be disclosed, in whole or in part, without the
express written permission of EPA.
3.2.2.2 Sampling Soil Beneath Concrete
Field Sampling and Analysis Plan
Carolina Transformer Superfund Site
Section: 3
Revision: 0
Date: July 1998
Soil beneath concrete pads and foundations was not sampled during the RI. During the June 5,
1998, site visit, cracks were observed in the concrete. As a result, contaminant migration to the
underlying soil may be possible. Therefore, soil samples will be collected from 15 grid locations
not sampled during the RI that are currently covered by concrete. The sample locations are
labeled with grid numbers 72 to 86 on Figure 3-1. These samples will be collected from a depth
of O to I foot using the direct-push sampling technology described above. A concrete coring bit
will be used to access the underlying soil. The samples will be analyzed using PCB field test kits,
with I 0% of samples shipped for laboratory analysis using a CLP laboratory, including both
PCB hits and non-detects to evaluate false positive and false negative results.
3.2.3 Concrete Sampling
During the soil sampling effort, the direct push rig will be used to cut through concrete pads at
grid locations 72 to 86, as shown in Figure 3-1. A specialized drill bit will be used to pulverize
the concrete as the bit cuts downward. The pulverized concrete will be sampled by WESTON
and analyzed for PCB content, as described in Table 3-1. The thickness of each concrete
foundation/pad will also be noted for estimating material volumes.
3,2,4 Sediment Sampling
As determined by RI activities, the most downstream sediment samples in drainage ditches
leading from the site contain PCB concentrations exceeding the cleanup goal of I mg/kg.
Therefore, additional downstream sampling is required to more accurately estimate the extent of
sediment contamination.
NOR/K:\WP\04400\073\FSAP001.DOC 3-5
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This document was prepared by Roy F. Weston, lnc., expressly for EPA. It shall not be disclosed, in whole or in part, without the express written
permission of EPA
Table 3-1
Carolina Transformer Site
Fayetteville, North Carolina
Laboratory Sample Analysis Requirements
Anticipated
Number of Analy1ical
Samples to be Matrix Analysis Required Method(s)
Analyzed
TCLP Metals, TCLP 1311/6010,
SVOCs, TCLP 8270C, 8081
2 wood Pesticides
2 ceramic
2 solids
pulverized TCLP Pesticides, 1311/8081, TCLP SVOCs, and
15 concrete PCBs 8270C
8 soil1 PCBs 8082
2 sediment' PCBs 8082
4 groundwater' Metals and PCBs 6010, 8082
10 IDWwater1 PCBs and SVOCs 8082, 8270C
10 IDWsoil1 PCBs and SVOCs 8082, 8270C
5 fluid PCBs 8082
3 fluid PCBs and SVOCs 8082, 8270C
1 All soil, groundwater, sediment, and IDW water and soil will be
analyzed by CLP laboratories.
Note: This table does not include QA samples (e.g., duplicates).
NOR/K:\WP\04400\073\LAB.XLS 3-6
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This document was prepared by Roy F. Weston, Inc., expressly for EPA. It shall not be disclosed, in whole or in pcirt, without the
express written permission of EPA.
Field Sampling and Analysis Plan
Carolina Transformer Superfund Site
Section: 3
Revision: O
Date: July 1998
Nine sediment samples will be collected along the drainage ditch downstream of the areas
northwest of the site previously found to be contaminated with PCBs, as shown in Figure 3-2.
Several of the samples will be collected from the ditch itself at I 00-foot intervals, while some
will be collected from bank soil, which was also found to be contaminated in previous RI
samples.
Samples will also be collected at approximately I 00-foot intervals from ditches at the
southeastern ("front") portion of the site where the extent of contamination has not been
established. Two samples each will be collected downstream of contaminated samples near
Middle Road, as shown in Figure 3-3.
Samples will be analyzed using PCB field test kits, with 10% of samples shipped for laboratory
analysis using a CLP laboratory, including both PCB hits and non-detects to evaluate false
positive and false negative results.
The surface water in these drainage ditches is shallow or nonexistent, and therefore the ditches
are considered wadeable. The sediment samples from these areas will be collected by using a
stainless steel scoop or spoon. The sediment will be compacted in the sample container as tightly
as possible using the scoop or spoon. The sampling method will be accomplished by wading into
the surface water body, if water is present, and while facing upstream (into the current), scooping
the sample along the bottom of the surface water body in the upstream direction. Excess water
may be removed from the scoop or spoon. However, this may result in the loss of some fine
particle size material associated with the bottom of the surface water body. No loss of fine I particle size material will occur where water is not present in ditches to be sampled. All sediment
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samples will be analyzed for PCB content as described in Table 3-1.
NOR/K:\WP\04400\IJ73\FSAP001.DOC 3-7
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0
GRAPHIC SCALE
60'
1" = 60 FEET
120'
L
4.8
------------------------------------
ND
PROJECT TITLE:
ND
37
280
200 75
ND
CAROLINA TRANSFORMER SITE
FAYETTEVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA
DRAINAGE DITCH SEDIMENT/SOIL
SAMPLING LOCATIONS
WEST OF SITE
FIGURE 3--2
LEGEND
4.8
-x-
ND
0.08
46 DRAINAGE DITCH -----------7 -------
140
-
110 54 20 y / ' "
2100 150 14
58 83 27
DRAWN: DATE
M. SNEED 7/23/98
CHECKED: DATE: APPROVED:
PROPOSED SEDIMENT/SOIL
SAMPLING LOCATIONS.
ESTIMATED DITCH LOCATION.
PCB CONCENTRATION IN mg/kg.
CHAIN-LINK FENCE.
ND
187 --
48
89
37
0.08
-----,
32
27
31
W.O. NO.:
04400--073-095
DATE: CAO FILE NAME:
FIG3--2.DWG
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---X
WOODED AREA
---x ---
0
X
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GRAPHIC SCALE
60'
1" = 60 FEET
120'
X
X
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11
-x ---x
18
15
X ._____
10
5
X ------1
AROLINA
RANSFOR
6
22 23
19
ER
16
13
12
7 8
-x-x -x
PROJECT TITLE,
CAROLINA TRANSFORMER SITE
FAYETTEVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA
DRAINAGE DITCH SEDIMENT
SAMPLING LOCATIONS ALONG
MIDDLE ROAD
FIGURE 3-3
LEGEND
11
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--x-x -x-x -x
DRAWN: DATE
M. SNEED 7/23/98
CHECKED: DATE: APPROVED:
PROPOSED SEDIMENT
SAMPLING LOCATIONS.
PCB CONCENTRATION
IN mg/kg.
CHAIN-LINK FENCE.
~ ~
$ ~ ~ I .,.
I .,.
I .,.
I .,.
I 6 .,.
(
I .,.
.,-_, _,_
W.O. NO.:
0440~73-095
CAD FILE NAME:
FIG3-3.DWG
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This document was prepared by Roy F. Weston, Inc., expressly for EPA. It shall not be disclosed, in whole or in part, without the
express written permission of EPA.
3.2.5 Waste and Debris Sampling
Field Sampling and Analysis Plan
Carolina Transformer Superfund Site
Section: 3
Revision: O
Date: July 1998
Large amounts of waste and debris are present on site as a result of former site activities. The
waste and debris comprises wooden pallets, capacitors, drums, electrical wiring, and electrical
equipment. In order to determine the proper disposal method for the waste and debris, WESTON
will collect a sample from the materials with the greatest volume. Based on a preliminary review
of the site, wooden pallets, capacitors, and electrical wiring are the largest constituents forming
waste and debris at the site. Therefore, WESTON will collect a composite sample from each of
these types of materials. As described in Table 3-1, analysis of this material will include Toxicity
Characteristic Leachate Procedure (TCLP) for PCBs, semi-volatile organics, and metals.
Samples will be collected by chipping, scraping, or cutting of the material and placement into the
appropriate sample analysis containers.
3.2.6 Groundwater Level Measurements
Groundwater level measurements will be collected from existing permanent monitor wells, the
proposed extraction well, and existing piezometers. This will be done to evaluate the hydraulic
gradient at the site. Groundwater level measurement procedures will be performed in accordance
with the EISOPQAM (Section I 5.8).
An electronic water level indicator will be used for the measurement activities. This instrument
consists of a coil of connector wire, a probe, and an indicator assembly. When the probe comes
into contact with the water, the circuit through the connector wire is closed and a light or buzzer
is emitted. Recordings will be made to the nearest 0.0 I foot.
The assembly will be decontaminated in accordance with the decontamination procedures
outlined in the EISOPQAM, and Section 3.6 of this document.
NOR/K:IWP\04400\073\FSAP001. DOC 3-10
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This document was prepared by Roy F. Weston, Inc., expressly for EPA. It shall not be disclosed, in whole or in part, without the
express written permission of EPA.
Field Sampling and Analysis Plan
Carolina Transformer Superlund Site
Section: 3
Revision: O
Dale: July 1998
Water level measurement data will be recorded on field data sheets, which will include at a
minimum the well number, date, time of day, and a description of the reference point on the well
casing from which the measurements were taken. The reference point will be tied into the
National Geodetic Vertical Datum (NGVD).
3.2. 7 Extraction Well Installation
If groundwater sampling indicates the need for groundwater remediation, an extraction well will
be installed in the northern portion of the site (see Figure 3-4). The extraction well will be used
to perform the aquifer test described in Section 3.2. 10.
The extraction well will be installed using the hollow-stem auger drilling method. The drill rig
and all pertinent drilling equipment will be decontaminated prior to beginning drilling activities.
Refer to Subsection 3.6 for decontamination procedures. Figure 3-5 depicts typical well
construction details for the shallow aquifer extraction well.
The materials and methods used in the construction of the monitoring wells will include the
following:
• Well depth will be approximately 10 feet below the top of the water table, which at the
Carolina Transformer Superfund site is expected to occur approximately at 5 to 8 feet
below ground surface (bgs). The well screen will be 4~inch, stainless steel, IO feet long
and will have 0.010-inch slot widths.
• The bottom of the well screen will be fitted with a stainless steel end cap, which will be
threaded onto the screen. This cap will be placed within 0.5 feet of the open portion of
the well screen.
NOR/K:IWP\04400\073\FSAP001.00C 3-11
-------------
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"
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CAROLINA TRANSFORMER SITE
FAYETTEVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA
EXTRACTION WELL, TRANSFORMER
AND TANK LOCATIONS
FIGURE 3-4
EW$
TR TR
®t8:J
CAROLINA
TRANSFORMER
,-_
TA/ /
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TA / /
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,--
TA / / "
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DRAWN: DATE:
M. SNEED 7/23/98
CHECKED: ATE:
- -
LEGEND
$
-X--
[g]
1--1 __ J
APPROVED:
----
PROPOSED EXTRACTION WELL.
CHAIN-LINK FENCE.
TRANSFORMER
TANK
0
GRAPHIC SCALE
60'
1" = 60 FEET
120·
W.O. NO.:
04400--073-095
DATE: CAD FILE NAtr.lE:
FIG3-4.DWG
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CLIENT: U.S. EPA, REGION IV
PROJECT: CAROLINA TRANSFORMER
WELL NO.: EXAMPLE -SHALLOW WELL LONGITUDE ___ _
CITY /TOWN_· ...;.F.:..;A.c:YE::..:TTE-=:Vl=LL=E'----------STATE: NORTH CAROLINA
LATITUDE ___ _
ELEV. TOP OF
CASING:
DRILLING DATES:
DRILLING METHOD~· ---'-'HO:c,Lc:c:LO::..:W'----"-'STE"'M"----'-'A-=-:UG,:.:cE"-R _________ _ STARTED. ___ _
FINISHED.----
DRILLING CONTRACTOR;_• ___________ _
DRILLER NAME-· ____ _
ABOVE GROUND COMPLETION
CONCRETE P
(J'i,: J',t 6j
PROTECTIVE STEEL POST EACH
CORNER OF CONCRETE PAO 4• X 4" STEEL PROTECTIVE
COVER WITH LOCKING C>P
WELL PURPOSE: GROUNDWATER MONITORING
REMARKS: NONE
NOTES:
ALL DEPTHS ARE MEASURED FROM
W.O. #. 04400-073-095
CARTRAN 1 .OWG
FLUSH MOUNT COMPLETION
SITEL PROTECTM: CQl/£R
.,___ ..1Q_ IN. DIAMETER
BOREHOLE
F,,4,'1---__4__1N. DIA.METER STAINLESS STEEL
CASlNG
I----BENTONfTE PEl.l.U SEAL
-----SANO PACK
GROUND SURF ACE UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED _4 _IN. DW.ITTR
NOT TO SCALE
0.010 SLOTTED STAINLESS STEEL
SCREEN
SHALLOW AQUIFER WELL CONSTRUCTION DIAGRAM
CAROLINA TRANSFORMER SITE
FAYETTEVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA
FIGURE 3-5
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This document was prepared by Roy F. Weston, Inc., expressly for EPA. It shall not be disclosed, in whole or in part, without the
express written permission of EPA.
Field Sampling and Analysis Plan
Carolina Transformer Superfund Site
Section: 3
Revision: 0
Date: July 1998
• The screen filter pack will be a silica sand, extending from approximately 0.5 feet below
the well screen to 2 feet above the screen.
• A 2-foot-thick bentonite pellet seal will be placed above the top of the filter pack and
allowed to hydrate for approximately 8 hours.
• The annular space will consist of a grout seal of 20: I cement and bentonite slurry.
Cement will be commercial Portland-type cement. The grout will be placed using
standard tremie techniques.
• The top of the monitor well casing will be completed with a lockable cap. A protective,
lockable, steel outer casing will be installed around the monitor well. A brass key lock
will be placed on the outer casing to maintain well integrity.
• The well will be identified on the outer casing with a permanent marking, indicating the
extraction well designation and total depth.
• Drill cuttings and development liquids from well installation activ1t1es will be
containerized, sampled, and profiled for disposal in accordance with all applicable
regulations.
3.2.8 Extraction Well Development
The newly completed extraction well will be developed within no less than 24 hours but no more
than one week after the surface pad and outer protective casing are installed. This will allow
sufficient time for the well materials to cure before the development procedures are initiated. A
submersible pump will be used to remove the residual materials remaining in the well and to try
to re-establish the natural hydraulic flow conditions of the formation, which may have been
disturbed by well construction. The extraction well will be developed until the column of water
in the well is free of visible sediment, and the pH, temperature, turbidity, and specific
conductivity have stabilized. Well development water will be handled and disposed of as
described in Section 3.2.7.
NOR/K:\WP\04400\073\FSAP001. DOC 3-14
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This document was prepared by Roy F. Weston, lnc., expressly ror EPA. It shall not be disclosed, in whole or in part, without the
express written permission of EPA.
3.2.9 Extraction Well and Existing Monitor Well Sampling
Field Sampling and Analysis Plan
Carolina Transformer Superfund Site
Section: 3
Revision: O
Date: July 1998
The extraction well and existing on-site monitor wells will be sampled to establish aquifer
hydraulic conditions and to evaluate current groundwater quality. Well purging and· sampling
procedures will be performed using low-flow techniques described in the EISOPQAM
(Section 7). Groundwater samples will be analyzed for metals and PCB content.
3.2.9.1 Calculating Purge Volumes and Well Purging Procedures
The extraction well will be purged according to the EISOPQAM (Section 7), specifically using
low-flow techniques. Purge volumes during the well sampling phase will be calculated using the
diameter of the well casing and the standing casing water volume. To calculate the purge
volumes:
I. Multiply the standing casing water volume by a factor of three to establish the minimum
purge volume.
2. Record the measurements and the purge volume calculation in the field logbook or on a
monitoring well sampling sheet..
Following the determination of the well purge volume, the well is to be purged prior to collecting
groundwater samples. Procedures for purging the well are as follows:
By centrifugal pump:
I. Lower tubing from the pump into the well.
2. Start the pump.
NOR/K: IWP1044001073\FSAP001. DOC 3-15
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This document was prepared by Roy F. Weston, lnc., expressly for EPA. It shall not be disclosed, in whole or in part, without the
express written permission of EPA.
Field Sampling and Analysis Plan
Carolina Transformer Superfund Site
Section: 3
Revision: 0
Date: July 1998
3. Adjust the tubing height or the flow rate, as necessary, to reduce turbidity.
4. Record the adjusted pump flow rate, the time of adjustment, and the new flow rate in
the field logbook.
5. Using the start time, initial flow rate and, if applicable, the adjusted flow rate(s), and
time of adjustment(s), calculate the volume removed during pumping and compare
the actual pumping rates to the calculated minimum and maximum purge volumes.
6. Record the actual flow rates and any adjustments into the field logbook.
7. Record observations regarding water clarity, color, and odor; field weather
conditions; and any unusual conditions.
Purge water will be collected and/or containerized for transport to the on-site water storage area.
Pumps or bailers will be decontaminated after use in each well according to the description in
Section 3.6.
3,2,9.2 Temperature, pH, Specific Conductance, and Turbidity Readings
During the well purge, temperature, pH, specific conductance, and turbidity of the effluent will
be periodically checked. Procedures for measuring these parameters are as follows:
1. Collect approximately 3 ounces of purge water in a clean, wide-mouth glass jar.
2. Measure pH, conductivity, turbidity, and temperature of the water using instruments.
3. Collect a minimum of three separate readings of each parameter during the well purge.
NORIK \WP\04400\073\FSAP001.DOC 3-16
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This document was prepared by Roy F. Weston, Inc., expressly for EPA. It shall not be disclosed, in whole or in part, without the
express written permission of EPA.
Field Sampling and Analysis Plan
Carolina Transformer Superfund Site
Section: 3
Revision: 0
Date: July 1998
4. Rinse the collection jar with distilled water between each reading.
5. Record all measurements in the field logbook or on a field water sampling sheet.
6. Purging activities will be considered complete when 3 readings for each parameter agree
to within 0.1 standard pH units, 0.5 degree centigrade, 5 percent micro ohms, and
turbidity is less than ID nephelometric turbidity units, or when 5 volumes have been
purged from the we! I.
3.2.9.3 Groundwater Sampling
WESTON will collect groundwater samples from four existing monitor wells at the site -
MW-06, MW-07, MW-08, and MW-09 -and analyze the samples for metals and PCB contents
(Table 3-1 ). The samples will be forwarded to a CLP laboratory using CLP guidance for sample
handling and management.
Procedures for collecting each groundwater sample are as follows:
I. Put on a clean pair of surgical gloves.
2. With the tubing remaining in the well from the purge process, reduce the flow rate.
3. Fill the appropriate sample bottle.
4. Preserve the sample as soon as possible (unless the bottle is already preserved or is to be
unpreserved).
NORll(:\WP'lr,4400\073\FSAPOO 1. DOC 3-17
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This document was prepared by Roy F. Weston, Inc., expressly for EPA. 1t shall not be disclosed, in whole or in part, without the
express written permission of EPA
Field Sampling and Analysis Plan
Carolina Transformer Superfund Site
Section: 3
Revision: 0
Date: July 1998
5. Decontaminate all sampling equipment as per following equipment decontamination
procedures.
3.2.10 Aquifer Test
A constant rate pump test will be performed in the extraction well to estimate a maximum
pumping rate for the screened zone of the shallow aquifer. Existing monitor wells and
piezometers will be used as observation points during the test. The actual monitor wells and
piezometers to be used will be determined after the RD Data Collection effort has concluded.
A pressure transducer, used to detect pressure changes, will be lowered into the observation and
pumping wells. The transducer will be connected to a data logger which converts the pressure
readings into water levels and matches the water level to a specific time. Water levels will be
recorded at the beginning of the test, and at selected intervals for the duration of the test. Data
will be stored in the data logger memory for later retrieval by computer.
After securing the transducer and loading preliminary transducer data into the data loggers, a 2-
inch diameter pump will be lowered into the extraction well. The pump will be connected
electrically to a generator. Discharge tubing from the top of the pump will be connected to a flow
meter calibrated to read discharge in gallons per minute (gpm)
The extraction well will be purged at a rate at which the aquifer can sustain pumping for
approximately 36 hours. After 36 hours of pumping, the pump will be turned off, the gate valve
closed, and the data logger activated to record recovering water level data. The recovery period
will last no more than 12 hours.
NOR/K. IWP\04400\073\FSAPOO 1. DOC 3-18
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This document was prepared by Roy F. Weston, Inc., expressly for EPA. It shall not be disclosed, in whole or in part, without the
express written permission of EPA.
Field Sampling and Analysis Plan
Carolina Transformer Superfund Site
Section: 3
Revision: 0
Date: July 1998
All water discharged from the aquifer will be containerized pending characterization for proper
disposal.
3.2. ll Asbestos Survey
WESTON will provide a North Carolina-accredited inspector to conduct a visual survey of the
buildings to identify suspect asbestos-containing materials (ACM). Survey activities include a
visual inspection of the building, collecting samples of suspect ACM, locating the materials on
site sketches, and assessing the asbestos material condition.
Based on the site visit, WESTON estimates that up to 20 bulk samples will be collected during
the survey. Additional sampling may be necessary as determined by the field inspector based on
conditions observed during the site survey. Bulk samples of suspect materials not addressed in
the survey reports provided will be collected according to the sampling strategy outlined in the
EPA's Hazard Emergency Response Act (AHERA), and presented below.
Bulk Material Sampling Strategy
Homogeneous Minimum
Material Area/Length Units No. of Samples
Friable Surfacing <I,000 SF 3
>I,000-5,000 SF 5
>5,000 SF 7
Pipe Insulation <I,000 LF 3
Per Size) >1,000 LF 6
Pipe Fittings
rPer Size)
Homogeneous Area EA 3
Miscellaneous Friable and Homogeneous Area EA 1-3
Non-Friable Materials
'Umts abbreviations are: LF = linear feet, SF= square feet, EA= each.
NOR/K:IWP\04400\073\FSAP001,DOC 3-19
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This document was prepared by Roy F. Weston, Inc., expressly for EPA. It shall not be disclosed, in whole or in part, without the
express written permission of EPA.
Field Sampling and Analysis Plan
Carolina Transformer Superfund Site
Section; 3
Revision: 0
Date: July 1998
Because of the recognized dangers associated with asbestos, WESTON conducts surveys in a
manner which reduces the potential for fiber release. OSHA and EPA recommended procedures
are followed closely during the building survey process. Personal protective equipment may be
used depending on the existing conditions within the building.
Bulk samples will be received, logged, and handled in our AIHA and NVLAP-accredited
laboratory in Auburn, Alabama. Analysis of samples will be by Polarized Light Microscopy with
dispersion staining (PLM/DS). This technique characterizes the material's refractive indices,
fiber morphology, birefringence, extinction angle, sign of elongation, and dispersion staining
colors to identify and quantify asbestos.
Each sampling area will be encapsulated immediately after sample collection. These precautions
will recjuce the likelihood of any fiber release that may occur after the sampling process.
Standard chain-of-custody protocol will be initiated at the sample site and will be followed until
receipt at the laboratory.
3.2.12 Tank and Transformer Sampling
The liquid contents of four storage tanks (if they presently contain liquids) and six transformers
will be sampled using a Teflon disposable bailer. The transformers will be accessed by removing
piping at the top of the receptacle while the tanks will be accessed through the tank fill lids. Tank
samples will be analyzed for PCBs and semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs). Transformer
samples will be analyzed for PCBs. The approximate locations of the tanks and transformers are
shown in Figure 3-5. The structure immediately east of the three partially buried storage tanks
was labeled as a transformer in the RI Report; however, its prior use is unclear and it may in fact
be a storage tank of some kind. This structure appears to be connected via pipe to the middle
storage tank. Therefore, its contents will be analyzed for both SVOCs and PCBs.
NOR/K:\WP\04400\073\FSAP001, DOC 3-20
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This document was prepared by Roy F. Weston, Inc., expressly for EPA. It shall not be disclosed, in whole or in part, without the
express written permission of EPA.
Field Sampling and Analysis Plan
Carolina Transformer Superfund Site
Section: 3
Revision: O
Dale: July 1998
Following sampling, clean tubing will be placed into the receptacle (tank or transformer), and
liquids will be pumped using a siphon pump connected to 55-gallon drums. The liquid contents
of the tanks and transformers will be pumped into the drums, labeled as to their contents, and
stored on site prior to disposal during remedial action activities.
All equipment used will be decontaminated as described in Section 3.6 of this report.
3.2.13 IDW Drum Classification and Sampling
The contents of the IDW drums stored in the main site building will be classified as either soil,
soil and water, water, or personal protective equipment (PPE) if not currently classified with any
of these descriptions. Composite samples will be collected from approximately ID percent of the
drums currently classified as "water" and "soil and water." Samples will be collected using
stainless steel spoons/scoops and bowls, and analyzed for PCBs and SVOCs. Sample analytical
results will be used to determine the disposal fate of the contents in the drums. During the drum
classification and sampling effort, the drums may have to be repositioned to allow for better
access to the drums. WESTON will use a forklift to pick up each drum and, according to its
current classification, place each drum in a group of like contents.
All equipment used in the drum sampling effort will be decontaminated according to procedures
documented in Section 3.6.
3.2.14 Site Survev
WESTON will procure and oversee a subcontractor for surveying locations critical to the design
and cost estimating of site remediation. Locations to be surveyed include:
NOR/K. IWP\04400\073\FSAP001.00C 3-21
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This document was prepared by Roy F. Weston, Inc., expressly for EPA. It shall not be disclosed, in whole or in part, without the
express written permission of EPA.
Field Sampling and Analysis Plan
Carolina Transformer Superfund Site
Section: 3
Revision: O
Date: July 1998
• Stakes placed by WESTON at the estimated horizontal extent of soil and sediment
contamination, and where assumed depth of contamination changes.
• New extraction well.
• Corners of structures and concrete pads.
• Property boundaries .
3.3 FIELD OC SAMPLES
The collection of quality control (QC) samples and sampling frequencies are described in this
section.
3.3.l Equipment Rinsates
Equipment rinsate are samples of the final analyte-free water rinse from equipment cleaning.
Samples will be collected at a rate of one per week and analyzed for PCB content. If
contamination is detected in the initial rinsate sample, the remaining rinsate samples, if any, will
be analyzed. The rinsates will be analyzed for the same analytes as the samples which are I collected that day.
I 3.3.2 Field Duplicates
I Field duplicates will be collected at a frequency of 5 percent for all matrices except asbestos and
waste and debris. The duplicates for soils will be collected, homogenized and then subsampled I into the primary and duplicate sample containers, and will be analyzed for the same
contaminants as the primary sample.
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This document was prepared by Roy F. Weston, Inc., expressly for EPA. It shall not be disclosed, in whole or in part, without the
express written permission of EPA.
3.3.3 Material Blanks
Field Sampling and Analysis Plan
Carolina Transformer Superfund Site
Section: 3
Revision: 0
Date: July 1998
Material blanks consist of samples collected from the materials used to construct monitor well
filter packs, seals, and grout. One sample will be collected during the monitor well installation
phase from the sand used to create the filter pack, the bentonite pellets used to create the seal,
and the grout used in the outer annulus of the well. These samples will be analyzed for SVOC,
metals, and PCB content.
3.3.4 Inorganic Blanks
An inorganic sample preservative blank will be preserved in the field at the beginning and end of
field operations. An inorganic sample· container will be filled with analyte-free water and
transported to the field and preserved and submitted for the same analyses as the other inorganic
sample containers.
3.3.5 Duplicates for Extractable Organic Compound Samples
According to the EISOPQAM, duplicate water samples shall be submitted to the laboratory for
pesticides analyses from at least one sampling location per project and laboratory used. These
samples should be collected from a location expected to be relatively free from contamination,
since the samples will be used for laboratory quality control purposes. The duplicate samples
will be clearly identified as "Duplicate Sample for Matrix Spike" on the sample tag, Chain-of-
Custody Record, in the field logbook, and on the Contract Laboratory Program (CLP) Traffic
Report Form. WESTON will adhere as closely as possible to this policy during the field effort.
NOR/KIWP\04400\073\FSAP001. DOC 3-23
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This document was prepared by Roy F. Weston, Inc., expressly for EPA. It shall not be disclosed, in whole or ln part, without the
express written permission of EPA.
3.4 RESIDUALS MANAGEMENT
Field Sampling and Analysis Plan
Carolina Transformer Superfund Site
Section: 3
Revision: O
Dale: July 1998
Drill cuttings, development liquids, and purge water from well installation and sampling
activities will be containerized, sampled, and profiled for disposal in accordance with all
applicable regulations.
3.5 SAMPLE PACKAGING
WESTON will follow EPNSESD Region IV protocols concerning sample container
requirements, preservation, and holding times during project sampling activities. Details
regarding EPA protocols are contained in Appendix A of the EISOPQAM. Sample bottles will
be either purchased by WESTON or provided by the commercial laboratory to be used for a
portion of the sample analysis.
3.5.1 Completing Sample Collection Field Records
Field records, including field logbooks and/or field forms will be completed at the time the
sample is collected. Once the sample has been collected, the sample collector(s) will complete
the field records as follows:
I. Complete the field record with the following information:
• Unique sampling or log number
• Date and time
• Source of sample (including name, location, and sample type)
• Other pertinent field data
2. Sign and initial the field record, including the date and time.
NOR/K.\WP\04400\073\FSAP001.DOC 3-24
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This document was prepared by Roy F. Weston, Inc., expressly for EPA. It shall not be disclosed, in whole or in part, without the
express written permission of EPA.
Field Sampling and Analysis Plan
Carolina Transformer Superfund Site
Section: 3
Revision: 0
Date: July 1998
3. Record the time, date, site location, and a brief description of the subject in the field
logbook.
4. Turn over the samples to the appointed field custodian.
The site manager documents each transaction and the sample remains in his/her custody until it
is shipped to the laboratory.
3.5.2 Completing Sample Labels and Tags
Each sample must be sealed immediately after a sample is collected. A label will be affixed to
the sample with pertinent information recorded using waterproof ink. Label tags may be filled
out prior to collection to limit handling of the sample containers.
The protocol for sample numbering during this field investigation effort will be based on sample
matrix and sample location. Each sample number will be preceeded by the symbol "CT," which
stands for the site name, Carolina Transformer.
For all soil samples, the sample number will include the symbol CT, the designation "SO" for the
soil matrix, the grid number according to the grid pattern established by EPA during the RI, and
a number representing the depth (in feet) from which the sample was collected. An example
number for a soil sample may be CT-SO-73-1. All concrete sample numbers will follow the
same pattern as for soil samples except that the matrix designation will be "CO" for concrete and
there will be no depth of sample collection number recorded.
Sample numbers for sediment samples will include the symbol CT, the designation "SD" for the
sediment matrix, and the number of the sample(s) collected, which will begin with O I with the
first sample collected. An example sample number for a sediment sample may be CT-SD-04.
NOR/K:\WP\04400\073\FSAP001.00C 3-25
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This document was prepared by Roy F. Weston, Inc., expressly for EPA. II shall not be disclosed, in whole or in part, without the
express written permission of EPA.
Field Sampling and Analysis Plan
Carolina Transformer Superfund Site
Section: 3
Revision: 0
Dale: July 1998
If a label is not available, legibly inscribe the above information onto the container with
waterproof ink.
2. Wipe sample container dry.
3. Affix a standardized tag/label on the sample container.
4. Affix a custody seal to each bottle
5. Place the labeled sample container, chain-of-custody record, field records, and analysis
request form in a transportation case.
6. Seal and lock the transportation case.
7. Place custody seals on opposite ends of the transportation case.
8. Note lost, voided, or damaged sample tags in logbook.
When a lockable transportation case is not convenient or available, seal the cap of the individual
sample container in a way that any tampering would be easily detected.
3.5.3 Sample Packaging and Shipment
Samples will be packaged and shipped in accordance with U.S. Department of Transportation I and International Air Transport Association (!AT A) requirements.
I Dangerous goods samples will be shipped according to current DOT and !AT A regulations.
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This document was prepared by Roy F. Weston, Inc., expressly for EPA. It shall not be disclosed, in whole or in part, without the
express written permission of EPA.
3.6 EQUIPMENT DECONTAMINATION PROCEDURES
Field Sampling and Analysis Plan
Carolina Transformer Superiund Site
Section: 3
Revision: O
Date: July 1998
Decontamination procedures to be used in the field investigations at the project site will be
designed with respect to the intended use of the equipment. Decontamination procedures will be
conducted prior to and post sampling activities, and in accordance with EP A/SESD Region IV
EISOPQAM.
3.6.1 Teflon or Stainless Steel Sampling Equipment
I. Wash and scrub equipment in a solution of potable water and phosphate-free laboratory
detergent.
2. Rinse equipment thoroughly with potable water.
3. Rinse equipment with pesticide-grade isopropanol or other approved solvent.
4. Rinse equipment with analyte-free water and allow to air dry as long as possible.
5. Wrap equipment in aluminum foil (if appropriate) to prevent contamination of equipment
during storage or transportation.
3.6.2 Monitoring Well Instruments
I. Rinse equipment with potable water.
2. Wash equipment in solution of phosphate-free laboratory detergent and potable water.
3. Rinse equipment with potable water.
NORIK:1WP\04400\073\FSAP001 . DOC 3-28
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This document was prepared by Roy F. Weston, Inc., expressly for EPA. lt shall not be disclosed, in whole or in part, without the
express written permission of EPA.
4. Rinse equipment with analyte-free water.
5. Place equipment completely inside plastic bag.
3.6.3 Submersible Pumps and Hoses
Field Sampling and Analysis Plan
Carolina Transformer Superfund Site
Section:3
Revision: O
Date: July 1998
I. Wash and scrub the equipment m a solution of potable water and phosphate-free
laboratory detergent.
2. Thoroughly rinse the equipment with potable water.
3. Submerge the equipment in a clean drum filled with potable water and activating the
pump.
4. Rinse the equipment thoroughly with analyte-free water.
5. Place the equipment inside a plastic bag so that no portion of the equipment is exposed.
6. Wrap the bag around the instrument and secure opened end.
3.6.4 Sampling Equipment and Tools
1. Remove excess soil and mud from the equipment at the sampling location.
2. Scrub the equipment thoroughly m a solution of potable water and phosphate-free
laboratory detergent soap.
3. Rinse equipment with pesticide-grade isopropanol or other approved solvent.
NOR/K:IWP\04400\073\FSAP001. DOC 3-29
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This document was prepared by Roy F. Weston, Inc., expressly for EPA. It shall not be disclosed, in ·whole or in part, without the
express written permission of EPA.
4. Rinse the equipment thoroughly with analyte-free water.
5. Allow the equipment to air dry as long as possible.
Field Sampling and Analysis Plan
Carolina Transformer Superfund Site
Section: 3
Revision: 0
Dale: July 1998
6. Wrap the equipment with aluminum foil (if appropriate) to prevent contamination if
equipment is going to be stored or transported.
7. Use clean plastic to wrap augers.
3.6.5 Drilling Equipment
The drill rig will be thoroughly cleaned when it arrives at the site. Prior to beginning work at a
particular location, or at the discretion of the on-site geologist/engineer, the drill rig will be
inspected and the drilling platform area cleaned by steam cleaning.
Drilling equipment, including augers, bits, drilling and sampling rods and other non-sampling
equipment will be cleaned between each boring by steam cleaning, washing with detergent,
rinsing with· potable water, rinsing with analyte-free water, rinsing with pesticide-grade
isopropanol and allowed to air dry. The cleaned tools, materials and equipment will be covered
with plastic sheeting before being moved to the sampling location.
3.7 DOCUMENTATION AND CHAIN-OF-CUSTODY PROCEDURES
All information pertinent to field activities, including sampling, must be recorded in vanous
forms. This section describes each documentation form and the information to be recorded for
each form. Each sampling team must keep detailed records of inspections and investigations, and
review notes before leaving the site.
NOR/K: IWP\04400\0731FSAP001.DOC 3-30
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This document was prepared by Roy F. Weston, Inc., expressly for EPA. It shall not be disclosed, in whole or in part, without the
express written permission of EPA.
3.7.1 Field Logbook
Field Sampling and Analysis Plan
Carolina Transformer Superfund Site
Section: 3
Revision: O
Date: July 1998
All information pertinent to a field activity must be entered in a bound book with consecutively
numbered pages. Entries in the logbook must include, at a minimum, the following:
• Date and time oflogbook entry;
• Weather conditions;
• Field observations;
• Log and summary of daily activities and significant events;
• Description of sample and sampling location;
• Date and time of sample collection;
• Collector's sample identification number(s) and/or name;
• References such as maps or photographs of the sampling site;
• Any field measurements made such as pH, flammability, or explosivity;
• Results of calibrations and field measurements;
• Name and affiliation of personnel or visitors on site;
• Notes of conversations with coordinating officials;
• Reference to other field logbooks or forms that contain specific information pertinent to
field activities;
• Discussion of problems encountered and their resolution;
• Discussion of deviations from the Work Plan, EPA SOP, or other governing documents.
NOR/K:\WP\04400\073\FSAP001.DOC 3-31
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This document was prepared by Roy F. Weston, Inc., expressly for EPA. It shall not be disclosed, in whole or in part, without the express written permission of EPA.
Field Sampling and Analysis Plan
Carolina Transformer Superfund Site
Section: 3
Revision: O
Date: July 1998
Because sampling situations vary widely, notes should be as descriptive and as inclusive as
possible. Someone reading the entries should be able to reconstruct the sampling situation from
the recorded information. If anyone other than the person to whom the logbook was assigned
makes an entry, he/she must date and sign the entry.
3. 7.2 Chain-of-Custody Procedures
Written procedures must be available and followed whenever samples are collected, transferred,
stored, analyzed, or destroyed. The primary objective of these procedures is to create an accurate
written record that can be used to trace the possession and handling of the sample from the
moment of its collection through analysis.
A sample is in someone's "custody" if:
·• It is in one's actual possession;
• It is in one's view, after being in one's physical possession;
• It is in ones' physical possession and then locked up so that no one can tamper with it;
• It is kept in a secured area, restricted to authorized personnel only.
3.7.3 Custody Transfer and Shipment
When transferring samples, the transferee must sign and record the date and time of transfer on
the Chain-of-Custody record. Custody transfers made to a sample custodian in· the field should
account for each sample, although samples may be transferred as a group. Each person who takes
custody must fill in the appropriate section of the Chain-of-Custody record. To limit the number
of custody records, the number of custodians in the Chain-of-Possession should be kept to as few
as feasib.le.
NOR/K:IWP\04400\073\FSAPOOt. DOC 3-32
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This document was prepared by Roy F. Weston, Inc., expressly for EPA. lt shall not be disclosed, in whole or in part, without the
express written permission of EPA.
Field Sampling and Analysis Plan
Carolina Transformer Superfund Site
Section: 3
Revision: 0
Date: July 1998
When shipping or transporting samples to the laboratory, the following procedures will be
followed:
I. Complete Chain-of-Custody information as described in this section.
2. Include Chain-of-Custody and other pertinent forms and records with package to be sent
to the laboratory.
3. Retain a copy of the forms.
4. Mail packages by registered mail with return receipt requested or by common carrier.
When packages are shipped by common carrier, retain the receipts as part of the
permanent Chain-of-Custody documentation.
5. The laboratory will return a copy of the completed Chain-of-Custody with the analytical
results.
Samples to be shipped must be packed so as not to break the package seal or locked so that any
tampering can be readily detected.
NQR/K:\WP,04400\073\FSAP001.DOC 3-33
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This document was prepared by Roy F. Weston, Inc., expressly for EPA. It shall not be disclosed, in whole or in part, without the
express written permission of EPA.
SECTION 4
Field Sampling and Analysis Plan
Carolina Transformer Superfund Site
Section; Appendix C
Revision: O
Date: July 1998
QUALITY ASSURANCE OBJECTIVES
4.1 DATA QUALITY OBJECTIVES
Data Quality Objectives (DQOs) are qualitative and quantitative references as to the quality of
data obtained from field-related sampling activities that allow or support administrative decisions
and/or regulatory action. Data generated will be used in the decision-making process leading to
the need for further investigation. The investigative methods and associated DQOs are detailed in
the project Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP).
4.2 INTENDED USE OF THE DATA
The intended use of the data generated as a result of the RD Data Collection effort is to
characterize the extent of contamination (primarily from PCBs) across the site, to estimate the
volume of contamination in various site matrices, and to evaluate site hydrogeologic
characteristics.
NORll<: \WP\04400\073\FSAP001. DOC 4-1