NCD095458527_20071130_FCX Inc. (Statesville)_FRBCERCLA RA_Capor Anomaly Investigation Work Plan-OCR

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VAPOR ANOMALY INVESTIGATION
WORK PLAN
Prepared for
El Paso Natural Gas Company
Houston, Texas
November 30, 2007
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VAPOR ANOMALY INVESTIGATION WORK PLAN
Prepared for
El Paso Natural Gas Company, Houston, Texas
November 30, 2007
'
133890.002.001
BROWN AND CALDWELL
501 Great Circle Road Suite 150
Nashville, Tennessee 37228
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
CONTENTS ................................... . . . . . . . • • . . . • . • • • • • . . . . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i
LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................................................................ 11
LIST OF ACRONYMS .. . . .......••••••••...•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••..••••••••••••••••••••.•... 11
1. INTRODUCTION ....................................... . . ..................... 1-1
1.1 Site Location .............................................................................................................................................. 1-1
1.2 Work Plan Organization ............................................................................................................................. 1-1
1.3 Objectives......................................................................................... . ................................................. 1-1
2. BACKGROUND ..................................................................................................................................................... 2-1
2.1 Site Conditions........... . ........................................................................................................................ 2-1
2.2 Vapor Intrusion Assessment (VIA)..................... . .................................................................................... 2-2
3. TECHNICAL APPROACH AND METHODOLOGIES .......................... 3-1
3.1 Technical Approach ........................ . . ................................................................................. ~1
3.1.1 First Phase ..................................................................................................................................... 3-1
3.1.2 Second Phase ........................................................................................ . . ............................ 3-2
3.1.3 Access Agreements and Utility Clearance...... .......................................... . .......................... 3-2
3.1.4 Vapor Anomaly Sampling Schedule ................................................................................................ 3-3
3.2 Methodology ............................................................................................................................................... 3-3
3.2.1 Temporary Piezometer Groundwater Sampling .............................................................................. 3-3
3.2.2 Soil Gas Sampling .......................................................................................................................... 3-4
3.2.3 Direct-Push Groundwater "Grab" Sampling ..................................................................................... 3-5
3.3 Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC) ................................................................................................ 3-5
3.4 Investigation-Derived Waste (IDW) and Decontamination ........................................................................... 3-6
3.5 Health and Safety ........................................................................................................................................ 3-6
4. DATA EVALUATION AND REPORTING .............................................................................................................. 4-1
4.1 Data Evaluation.............................................................................................. . .................. 4-1
4.2 Reporting ..................................................................................................................................................... 4-1
5. LIMITATIONS ......................................................................................................................................................... 5-1
REFERENCES ..................................................................................................................................................... RE~1
BROW~ 1,;oCALDWELL
Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document.
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1-1.
Figure 3-1.
Site Location Map
Proposed Vapor Anomaly Sampling Locations
LIST OF ACRONYMS
ANA
AS/SVE
bgs
BC
GMT
COG
CPT
ECD
EPNG
FID
HASP
IDW
JEM
MIP
MNA
NCDENR
O&M
OU3
PCE
PIO
QAPP
QNQC
RA
RI
SOP
µg/L
USEPA
VIA
voe
Accelerated Natural Attenuation
Air sparging/soil vapor extraction
below ground surface
Brown and Caldwell
Continuous Multichannel Tubing
Constituents of Concern
Cone Penetrometer
Electron Capture Detector
El Paso Natural Gas Company
Flame Ionization Detector
Health and Safety Plan
Investigation-derived waste
Johnson and Ettinger Model
Membrane Interface Probe
Monitored Natural Attenuation
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Operation and Maintenance
Operable Unit Three
Tetrachloroethene
Photo Ionization Detector
Quality Assurance Project Plan
Quality Assurance/Quality Control
Remedial Action
Remedial Investigation
Standard Operating Procedure
Micrograms per liter
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Vapor Intrusion Assessment
Volatile Organic Compound
BRO\\~ A\D CALDWELL
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VAPOR ANOMALY INVESTIGATION WORK PLAN
1. INTRODUCTION
This Vapor Anomaly Investigation \Vork Plan for the FCX-Statcsvillc Supcrfund Site Operable Unit Three
(OU3) in Statesville, North Carolina (Site) has been prepared by Brown and Caldwell (BC) on behalf of
El Paso Natural Gas Company (EPNG) for review by the United States E1wironmental Protection Agency
(USEP1\) and North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources (NCDENR). This
document proviJcs the background lca<ling to this \Vork Plan, the technical approach an<l methodologies for
the proposed work, data evaluation and reporting, and media and public inguirics.
1.1 Site Location
The OU3 Site is located in Irc<lell County approximately 1.5 miles \.VCSt of downtown Statesville, North
Carolina (sec Figure 1-1 ). The Site: consists of a source area located beneath a portion of a former textile
plant (plant building is approximately 275,000 S(JWlre feet in size) and a groundwater plume extending to the
north and south of the source an:a. The former textile plant property is a 9.90 acre parcel that is located on
the west side of Phoenix Street. This \\fork Plan will cover work performed on EPNG property as well as
properties to the cast and south of the EPNG property.
1.2 Work Plan Organization
The \Vork Plan is organized as follows:
Section I .0 -Introduction
Section 2.0 -Background
Section 3.0 -Technical Approach and lvlcthodologies
Section 4.0 -Data Evaluation and Reporting
Section 5.0 -Limitations
1.3 Objectives
The objectives of the vapor anomaly in,·cst.igation arc as follows:
■ Define the source or sources of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in soil gas on ,,acant properties
to the cast and south of the former textile plant.
■ Provide darn to better define the Site conceptual model, in particular, with respect to the relationship
between groundwater contamination, soil gas, and potential sources in soil.
■ Evaluate potential effects of air sparge/soil vapor extract.ion (AS/SVE) system on vapor transport.
■ Collect· data to support future multi-media transport model.
■ Evaluate portioning effects between various phases of tetrachloroethcnc or perchloroethenc (PC[).
• Define the eastern edge of the VOC plume in shallow groundwater an<l soil gas.
• Refine the understanding of shallow groundwater flow on the property cast of the former textile plant.
BROW:-i \',D CALDWELL
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VAPOR ANOMALY INVESTIGATION WORK PLAN
2. BACKGROUND
,\ summary of Site conditions is described below.
2.1 Site Conditions
OU3 VOC contamination remediation is ongoing and consists of 1\S/SVE in the source area and monitored
natural attenuation (i\fNA) in conjunction with accelerated natural attenuation (ANA) in the outer plun1c
arc.i. The Site conditions arc monitored on a routine basis in accordance with the Remedial Action 0l1\)
\\/ork Plan and other Site documents including:
• The Operations and
1:-'.xtraction System,
December 2003.
t\faintcnancc (O&.M) i\fanual "O&iv[ iVfanual for the Air Sparging and Soil
FCX-Statesville Superfond Site OU3. Statesville, North Carolina"
Vapor
dated
• The Quality Assurance Project Plan (QJ\PP) "Quality 1\ssurancc Project Plan for Remedial Action
Sampling, FCX-Statesville Superfund Site OU3. Statesville, North Carolina" dated February 2004.
■ The Phase I 1\NJ\ Design "Phase I Dcsit,111 for 1\ccclcratnl Nan1ral Attenuation, FCX-Statcsvillc
Superfund Site OU3. Statesville. North Carolina" dated March 2007.
The most recent summary of Site con<litions has bl:cn reported in the reports entitled "Fall 2006 Semiannual
Groumhvatcr Sampling Report, rCX-Statcsvillc Supcrfund Site OU3, Statesville, North Carolina" <latcxl
Scptcmbt.T 2007 and Phase I 1\N1\ Design. As part of the Phase I ANA Design at the Site, seventeen
monitoring wells were installed in January an<l February of 2007 using rotosonic methods to the north of the
former textile plant for monitoring the progress of ANA dcctron donor injections and to define the VOC
plume. Since the eastern edge of the 100 micrograms per liter (µg/L) PCE isoconcentration contour was not
sufficiently defined by the Membrane Interface Probe (MIP) survey (performed in October 2006), six of the
new wells wne installed in the eastern portion of the plume to give better VOC concentration resolution in
both the upper saprolitc and lower saprolitc to the cast toward Phoenix Street. 'I71e <lepth to bedrock was
greater than projected by the OU3 Remedial Investigation (RI) in the northen1 plume area, especially bc.;tween
monitoring wells \X1-20i and \V-30i.
A baseline groundwater sampling event occurred in i'Vlarch 2007, prior to the AN1\ electron donor injections.
Ninety-nine monitoring wells, including the seventcc.;n new wdls, were sampkd for VOCs. Selected wells
were analyzed for various bioparameters (i.e., hydrogen. chloride, methane/ ethene/ ethane). Results received
in late April 2007 from sampling these new monitoring wells and the l\[IP survey indicated that the shallow
PCE plume (specifically the 10 µ.g/L isoconcentration contour) was closer to the homes on the west side of
Phoenix Street than originally thought. Based on this new information, it was decided that a vapor intrusion
assessment (Vf1\) be performed using <lata from the vicinity of the residences. Section 2.2 describes the VI,\
that has been performed. It should be noted that <lrinking water for residences surrounding the Site is
provided by the City of Statesville and that no direct contact groundwater exposure pathway exists. Also, as
part of the reporting process for ivfN r\, semiannual checks of new wells in the area are performed. These
checks include doing a drive-by windshield sutYey and by reviewing the public water supply wells database to
ensure that no wells arc drilled to access the impacted groundwater.
BROW~ ~\D CALDWELL
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2. Background Vapor Anomaly Investigation Work Plan
2.2 Vapor Intrusion Assessment (VIA)
The VIA was conducted in a systematic manner following USEP/\ vapor intrusion guidance. The
development of the approach, work plan, and changes based on field conditions have been reviewed and
approved by the USEl't\ and NCDENR. The steps of the VI,\ have included:
■
■
Existing groundwater data was evaluated
USEPt\Johnson and Ettinger model QEi\·Q was run
• Soil gas and groundwater samples were collected to evaluate the model predictions and potential impacts
■ Additional sampling was pcrformcd to adequately evaluate thr.: vapor pathways.
The VIA ,vork and subsequent work is being conducted because there is potential for VOCs in soil or
groundwater to volatilize and migrate upwards into outdoor air or indoor air of structures in the areas
adjacent to the Site. The first step of the VIA used the JEJ\,f to estimate possible concentrations of VOCs in
indoor air. The USEP:\ <levcloped this model to utilize site-specific infomiation, such as depth to
groundwater, concentrations of constituents of concern (COCs) in groun<lwater, an<l the soil type between
the groundwater and the enclosed space, to determine the potential risk of migration of soil gas to indoor air.
1\fter the modeling was completed, USEPA asked t-hat soil gas and groundwater :-amples be collected to
verify mo<lcl predictions and potential for exposure. During discussions with USE-:PA, it was decided that
properties within 100 feet of the 10 µg/L PCE plume contour line would be evaluated. 1\ VIJ\ \Vork Plan
entitled "Summary of Field Activities for Phase II Vapor Intrusion Assessment, FCX-Statcsville Superfund
Site OU3, Statesville, North Carolina" was then prepared and submitte<l to USEPA in June 2007.
The initial soil gas and groundwater sampling was performed under that \Vork Plan. The \Vork Plan included
sampling of fourteen properties; however, only eight access agreements were signed prior to or during the
week of field work which occurred on June 18-22, 2007. Since access agreements were not sigm:d for
501 Phoenix Street, 505 Phoenix Street, and 509 Phoenix Street during this first field event, one temporary
piezometer and one vapor point were installed along the back of each of these properties on EPNG property.
An additional temporary piezometer and vapor point were installed along the Reid Street right-of-way
between 509 Phoenix Street and 60 l Phoenix Street. Samples were not taken <luring the week of
June 18, 2007 at l(i27 \Vest Front Street since the access agreement for this property was not signed until late
in the week.
Since additional access agreements (1627 \Vest Front Street, 501 Phoenix Street, and 505 Phoenix Street)
were signe<l after the first field activities, a second event occurred on August 12-14, 2007 to collect soil gas
and groundwater samples on those properties. 1\lso, based on the results of the first sampling e,,ent, it was
determined that one additional property should be sampled (214 Phoenix Street). Three existing soil gas
points on the 1540 Ya<lkin Street property were also re-sampled as well as one new groundwater point and
two locations within the crawl space.
A summary of the activities and results is provided in the report entitled "Vapor lntrnsion Assessment
Report, FCX-Statesville Superfund Site OU3, Statesville, North Carolina" <lated November 2007. A total of
seven "grab" direct-push groundwater samples were collecte<l at the locations specified on Figure 3-1 for
both events. Twenty-two I-inch temporary PVC piezometers were installed at the locations identified on
Figure 3-1. Based on the depth of t,rroundwater determined from the direct-push groundwater sampling, soil
gas sampling points were established. Soil gas sampling points were completed in the vadose zone at least 3
feet above the top of groundwater and at a minimum of 5 feet below ground surface (bgs) to avoid
atmospheric interference. In some instances, groundwater was too shallow to place the vapor point screen a
minimum of 5 feet bgs. Thirty-four soil gas sampling points were installed at the locations identified on
Figure 3-1.
BRO\\~ \'-D CALDWELL
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2. Background Vapor Anomaly Investigation Work Plan
The results of these sampling events indicated that PCE was detected in soil gas at the residences adjacent to
the Site: 1627 \\fest Front Street, 214 Phoenix Street, 1540 Yadkin Street, 501 Phoenix Street, 505 Phoenix
Street, and on EPNG property directly west of the 501. 505, and 509 Phoenix Street properties. In
conclusion, the VIA indicated that VOC concentrations in groundwater could not be corrclatcc.l with
concentrations of soil gas with a high level of confidence. Because of this apparent lack of correlation
between VOC concentrations in groundwater and in soil gas, investigation of this vapor anomaly has been
recommended. The anomaly i1wcstigation is the subject of this \Vork Plan.
BROW:-i ,\~o CALDWELL
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VAPOR ANOMALY INVESTIGATION WORK PLAN
3. TECHNICAL APPROACH AND METHODOLOGIES
The following section summarizes the technical approach and methodologies of the field activities tn be
performed under the Vapor Anomaly Investigation \\1ork Plan at the former tc:xtilc plant.
3.1 Technical Approach
The vapor anomaly investigation will be performed in t\.vO phases where the second phase of \vork will be
performed an<l structured around the findings of the first phase. The intent of the first phase of work is to
determine to the extent possible the potential sourcc(s), potential transport mechanisms, and potential risk to
human health associated with the current observed vapor anomaly. Additional objectives of this investigation
arc to refine our understanding of groundwater flow directions on the properties to the cast of the former
textile plant and to better define the eastern edge of the shallow groundwater plume. Each of these
evaluation clements relJUires varying data quality objectives, with a human health risk evaluation retiuiring the
highest quality of dara. Therefore, to meet the overarching needs of all three components of this soil gas
evaluation and to manage potential exposure risk, soil gas samples will be collected in accordance with
USEP 1\ soil gas monitoring protocols for evaluating potential exposure risks to indoor air. Specific details
rdating to the.: phasc.:d approach arc presented in the following sections.
3.1.1 First Phase
The first phase and mobilization to the Site will consist of Jirc.:ct-push temporary pic.:zomcter installation,
shallow groundwater sampling, and soil gas sampling. The proposed locations of the soil t:,ras and
groundwater sampling points arc presented in Figure 3-l. The initial phase of this evaluation will consist of
the installation of nine.: shallow ac1uifer direct-push temporary piczometers. The piezometcr locations have
been selected on the adjacent eastern property to supplement data from the existing temporary piczometers
and monitoring wells with the primary objectives of refining our understanding of shallow groundwater flow
direction and groundwater quality associated with the eastern properties. Following the piezometer
inst:11lation, groundwater depth will be measured and groundwater samples ,vill be collected for VOC analysis.
1\dditionally, measured depths to grounthvater within the new piezometers, existing piezometers, and wells
will be used to target the depth of the Jeep soil gas samples.
Soil gas sample locations have been subdivided into three general classes which will be used to meet the
objectives of the investigation. Soil gas samples located adjacent to the city streets and within the city right-
of-'\vays arc intended to evaluate the potential transport mechanism and the potential for risk associated with
the adjacent properties. Soil gas sample locations within the perimeter of the eastern properties arc intended
to support the evaluation of potential sources and transport mechanisms. Additionally, shallow soil gas
samples will be collccte<l to evaluate the.: potential for utility backfill to act as a potential transport mechanism.
J\s shown on Figure 3-1, fifty-t,vo soil gas sampling locations arc proposed to evaluate the extent of the
potential source(s), potential transport mechanisms, and potential risk to human health associated with the
current obscrvc<l vapor anomaly. 1\t forty-six of the proposed sampling locations, two soil gas samples will
be collected: one at a depth of 5 feet bgs and a second at approximately 5 feet above the water table
(approximately 30 feet). Additionally, approximately six shallow soil gas sample points arc planned for
installation via the han<l auger method to evaluate utility backfill as a transport mechanism.
BROW~ ,:-;o CALDWELL
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3. Technical Approach and Methodologies Vapor Anomaly Investigation Work Plan
Soil t,ras samples will be.: collcctc<l consistent \Vith the USEPA guidance for the evaluation of risk exposure.
The total number of soil bras and groun<lwatcr samples an<l location may change based on Site conditions
during field activities. Lithologics will be obtained at select locations as part of this initial phase.
The proposcd soil gas and groundwater sampling locations may change based on access to right-of-ways.
properties, results of thc c.lircct-push phase, and field conditions such as utility locations. The final locations
and elevations of sample points collected during the first phase will be surveyed by a surveyor licensed in the
State of North Carolina.
3.1.2 Second Phase
The second phase of the technical approach involves a second mobilization to the Site using cone
pcnetrometer (CP'l) technology and possibly a i\kmbranc Interface Probe (i'vl[P). i'vlethods used will be
determined by the results of Phase I. The primary objective of the second phase is to collect shallow and
deep groundwater samples within the saprolite and to collect CPT and/or fvfIP log information. The shallow
groundwater sampling will be used to understand the relationships between the observed soil gas VOC
concentrations and the concentrations in the underlying dissolved phase plume. Additionally, the
information collected via the CPT and/ or !\TIP probes will be used to aid in our understanding of potential
soil gas transport mechanisms.
The CPT and/or the MIP assembly consists of small diameter, instrnmented probe with electronic cables and
computerized data acc.1uisition and display systc.:ms. Th1.: probes will be advanced through the soil at a
constant rate. The CPT probe measures th<.: soil's resistance to penetration as it is driven into the ground.
Real-time measurements of tip anJ sleeve friction, conductivity, resistivity, and pore pressure can be obtained
d1.:pending on the configuration of the CPT. The MIP probe will use a vapor sample stream thai-"vill be
passed from the i\flP probe to a mobile lab equipped with three detectors [i.e., Photo Ionization Detector
(PID), Flame Ionization Detector (FID), and Electron Capture Detector (ECD)J.
A continuous log will be gem:rated to help characterize the stratigraphy/geology of the Site. The probe will
be advanced using a direct-push procedure. During the advancement of the probe, paramet<.:rs will be
measure<l creating a continuous log of physical subsurface characteristics. These logs will be correlated to
existing Site data inclu<ling geology, hydrology, and geomorphology which will be used 10 identify potential
transport patlnvays an<l to assess their lateral continuity. Probe measurements will be collected to the total
depth of the boring, which is anticipated to be 50 to 65 feet bgs.
Additional multi~level monitoring points maybe installed, if in Phase I there is an indication of a flow path to
the east from the Burlington Plant. Continuous ivlultichannel Tubing (C~fl) may be appropriate for
cc>llccting multi-level sampks.
The proposed probe locations an<l methodology will be determined after the findings of the first phase have
been interpreted anJ may also change based on access to right-of-ways, properties, results of the dir1.:ct-push
phase, and field conditions such as utility locations. Th1.: final locations and elevations of sample points
collecte<l during the second phase will be surveyed by a surveyor licensed in the State of North Carolina.
3.1.3 Access Agreements and Utility Clearance
Prior to any subsurface investigation, the driller will notify the North Carolina One-Call center and a private
utility locator will mark underground utilities at the proposed drilling locations. Access agreements with the
City of Statesville (right-of-ways) an<l property owners will be prepared and signed prior to the fic\J work.
BROW:,.;' ASD CALDWELL
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3. Technical Approach and Methodologies Vapor Anomaly Investigation Work Plan
3.1.4 Vapor Anomaly Sampling Schedule
The first phase direct-push sampling is scheduled to occur in December 2007. Based on the results from the
first phase of sampling, the CPT locations will be selected. The second phase CJYr groundwater and soil gas
sampling is anticipated to occur during the first quarter 2008, after the results from the first phase have been
interpreted.
3.2 Methodology
Once a location (<lircct-push or CPT) has been cleared by the utility locator an<l the property owner (if
applicable), points for "grab" groundwater samples or temporary piczometcrs will be advanced first if
co-located with a soil gas sample point. Understanding where the water table is located will help determine at
what depth the soil gas samples will be collected. If there arc no co-located groundwater samples, the depth
to water will be measure<l at existing piezometers or monitoring wells closest to the proposed location.
General sampling procedures can be found in the FCX OU3 QJ\PP. The following should be documented
in the field book:
• Project number and sampler's initials
• Date
• Time when work starts and stops (purging and sample collection)
• Personnel present
• Interactions with residents
• 1\mbient temperature and \Veather con<litions (humidity and barometric pressure) at each sample point
• If it rained the night before work began
• Any changes in weather conditions occurring during the \Vork <lay
• Groun<lwater parameters, if applicable (pH, conductivity, and temperature)
• Equipmc.:nt utilized
• Depth of samplc/piezometcr/vapor point
• Purge time, flow rate, and volume
• 1\pproximate amount of annulus material used (i.e., filter sand, bcntonite)
The following sections describe the groundwater and soil gas sampling for both phases of the investigation.
3.2.1 Temporary Piezometer Groundwater Sampling
One-inch temporary PVC piezometers with 5 feet of 10-slot PVC screen will be installed at the locations
idcntified on Figure 3-l. These piczometers will be installed \Vith filter sand pack to approximately 6 inches
to 1 foot above the top of the screen with granular bentonitc filling the rest of the borehole space around the
PVC riser. These piczometers should be installed as close to their co-located soil gas sampling point as
possible, if applicable, and within 3 to 5 feet of the top portion of the water table. The piezometcrs will be
allowed to set for approximately '.;4 hours or more before sampling. 1\ peristaltic pump, check-valve system.
or bailer will be used to purge the casing, if necessary. A disposable bailer will be used to collect groundwater
samples for VOC analysis. Ficl<l parameters such as pH, specific conductivity, and temperature should be
collected if there is sufficient groundwater volume in the piezomctcr.
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3. Technical Approach and Methodologies Vapor Anomaly Investigation Work Plan
3.2.2 Soil Gas Sampling
Based on the depth of groundwater, soil gas sampling depths will be cstablishcd. For the first phase of work.
soil gas sampling points will be set in the vadosc zone at least 3 to 5 feet above the top of groundwater and at
5 feet bgs to reduce the possibility of atmospheric interference.
The soil gas "grab" sampling points will be instalk<l at the locations identified in Figur1,; 3-1 using direct-push
tcchnolobry. One shallow (5 feet bgs) and one deep (3 to 5 feet above the top of the water table) soil gas
sample \vill be collected at each of the locat.ions.
3.2.2.1 Soil Gas Purge Rates and Volumes
After a soil gas probe ("grab" or semi-permanent) is installed or advanced, the air inside the probe must be
purged to bring a soil gas sample to the surface for analysis. Optimum flow rate and purge volumes arc
achieved when vacuum pressure is at atmospheric an<l the contaminant concentration is stable. Enough soil
gas will be removed to obtain a sample representative of the soil gas within the formation at the depth of thr.:
screen. A minimum of three volumes of probe and tubing will be purged prior to collecting a sample. Thr.:
volume of the probe or tubing can be cakulatr.:d using the following equation:
\Vhere:
PV = 0.0492 x itD2L
PV = purge volume (liters)
D = inside diameter of probe or tubing (inches)
L = length of probe or tubing (feet).
3.2.2.2 Semi-Permanent Soil Gas Sampling Points
Semi-pt;rmanent gas sampling points will be used for this investigation unless field conditions warrant
otherwise. If needed, soil gas samples \Viii be collected as grab samples as described in Section 3.2.2.3. These
soil gas sampling points will be installed with filter sand pack to approximately 6 inches to 1 foot above the
top of the vapor implant and ·with granular bcntonitc filling the rest of the borehole space around the PVC
riser. The bcntonite should then be fully hydrated. 1\fter completion of the probe emplacement, there needs
to be an equilibrium timr.: for the subsurface conditions to return to their natural state and for the granular
bentonite to fully hydrate. The amount of time needed for e(_1uilibrat:ion depends on the subsurface
conditions and the method used for installation of the probe. It is recommended that probes installed by the
direct-push method which arc left in place should be given 24 hours or more to equilibrate.
Once the soil gas point has been installed according to the aforementioned protocol, sampks will be drawn
over a 30-to SO-minute sampling interval (approximately 200 milliliters per minute (mL/min)) into 6-litcr
Summa canisters per the Summa procedures. The Summa canisters will be labeled appropriately and shipped
undl.T stan<lard chain-of-custody protocol within 48 hours of collection for 3 day turn-around time. The
Summa canisters will not be placed on ice. The end of the tubing will be secured with a petcock (!low
regulator) and placed in a ziptop baggie in the manhole to prevent insects and debris from entering the
tubing. The manhole cover will be secured. The summa canisters will be properly labeled and stored in a
cooler at ambient temperature for transport to the laboratory. The semi-permanent soil gas sampling points
will be removed and the bore holes will be abandoned using granular bentonitc after the results have been
evaluated, likely during the second phase of im·estigation '\Vith the CPT.
BROWN ""D CALDWELL
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3. Technical Approach and Methodologies Vapor Anomaly Investigation Work Plan
3.2.2.3 "Grab" Soil Gas Sampling Points
For direct-push "grab" soil gas samples. steel rods arc driven to the sample depth with either a percussion
hammer or hydraulic ram. The drive ro<l is then partially or \vholly withdrawn to expose a screen. Once the
scn::cn has been dropped and tubing placed inside the rods, the sample \vill be purged as mentioned above
and then samples will be drawn over a 30-to SO-minute sampling intcnral (approximately 200 mL/min) into
6-litcr Summa canisters per the Summa procedures. The Summa canisters will be labeled appropriately and
shipped un<lcr standard chain-of-custody protocol within 48 hours of collection for 3 day turn-around time.:.
The Summa canisters will not be placed on ice. The boreholes will be abandoned using granular bentonite
and the top surface replaced with the original material (i.e., grass, concrete, or asphalt).
3.2.2.4 Leak Testing
Leak testing is currently being considered for this investigation. Checking for leaks determines if ambient air
is being introduced into the sample, causing dilution of the soil gas sample and underestimating the results. If
a leak is detected an<l cannot be resolved, the soil gas sample point would be abandoned.
3.2.3 Direct-Push Groundwater "Grab" Sampling
Direct-push groundwater "grab" samples arc not planned for the first phase direct-push sampling; however,
this type of sampling may occur <luring the second phase CPT sampling. For direct-push grounc.lwater
sarnpling, steel rods will be driven to the sample depth with either a percussion hammer or hydraulic ram.
The drive roe.I is then partially or wholly withdrawn to expose a screen. The groundwater "grab" sample will
be collected using tubing and a pump, a pressure-controlled chamber sampler, or a bailer. These samples will
be placed to within 3 to 5 feet of the top of the water table. These samples will only be analyzed for VOCs
and field parameters (i.e., pH, specific conductivity, and temperature). The direct-push holes will be
abandoned using granular bentonite and the top surface replaced with the orit:,rinal material (i.e., soil and grass,
concrete, or asphalt).
3.3 Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC)
The sampling and analysis (methods, procedures, and analytes) of groundwater will be performed in
accordance with the most current Qr\PP. Quality assurance/l1uality control (QA/QC) of sampling and
analyses \vill be maintained and monitored by collection and analyses of field and laboratory QA/QC
samples. 'l11e QA/QC samples include trip blanks, method blanks, equipment blanks, matrix spikes/matrix
spike duplicates, and c.luplicatcs. Collection of QA/QC samples will be in accordance with the Qr\PP.
Groundwater samples will be shipped on ice to J\ccutest Laboratories Southeast in Orlando, Florida, under
standard chain-of-custody protocol for 3 day turn-around time. J\ccutcst Laboratory Southeast previously
performed the laboratory analyses for the groundwater samples in 2007. Groundwater samples will be
analvzcd for VOCs using SW-846 method 826013.
Soil gas samples in laboratory-cleaned summa canisters will be shippe<l, not on ice, under stanc.lar<l chain-of-
custody protocol to Lancaster Laboratory in Lancaster, Pennsylvania. Approximately 20 soil gas samples will
have a 3 day turn-around time while the remaining soil gas samples will have a standard turn around time.
Soil gas samples will be analyzed using method TO-IS. \'\1hen transferring samples to an off-site laboratory,
proper chain-of-custody procedures will be maintained as discussed in the sample handling and management
standard operating procedure (SOP).
It is recommended that soil gas sampling should not be performed <luring or immediately following a
significant rainfall event of 1/2 inch or more.
BROW~ ,,o CALDWELL
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3. Technical Approach and Methodologies Vapor Anomaly Investigation Work Plan
3.4 Investigation-Derived Waste (IDW) and Decontamination
Purgc water, <lccontamination water, soil cuttings, and personal protcctiYc equipment developed during the
sampling cvcnts will be disposed of appropriately in accordance with Appendix I of the Phase I 1\Nt\ Design.
Decontamination of equipment associated with direct-push an<l CPT activities will be conducted consistent
with the procedures outlined in the Q1\PP and the l-lcalrh and Safety Plan (1-11\SP).
3.5 Health and Safety
The Vapor Anomaly Investigation ficl<l work by BC will be conducted under the I-I1\SP entitled "Sitc.:-Spccific
Health and Safety Plan for FCX-Statcsvilk Supcrfund Site OU3, Statesville, North Carolina" <lated
January 2007.
BROWS ,\q CALDWF.LL
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VAPOR ANOMALY INVESTIGATION WORK PLAN
4. DATA EVALUATION AND REPORTING
The following summari1.cs the <lata c,·aluation anJ reporting steps for the vapor anomaly investigation.
4.1 Data Evaluation
Data obtained from this invcsrigation will be entered into iablcs and will be checked for accuracy and
completeness. The vapor and groun<lwatcr PCE <lata \Vil! be placed on Site maps that include previous
groundwater and vapor results from the most recent 2007 sampling events. The shallo\v groundwater
potentiomctric surface map will be updated. The results of the first phase will bt: evaluated for trends,
preferential flow pathways, and VOC source location(s). Locations for the second phase (]Yi' sampling will
be proposed and discussed with EPNG prior to proceeding with the second phase.
4.2 Reporting
The results of this in\'cstigation will be summarized in a report and submitted to USEP1\ an<l NCDENR.
The report will include, but is not limited tu, the following:
• i\fap showing the direct-push and CPT sampling locations
• Tables summarizing the groundwater, soil gas, and geophysical data
• Discussion of the ficl<l actiYities an<l interpretation of results
• Comparison of data to historical VIA data
• Conclusions and Recommendations.
BROW~ \>iD CALDWELL
4-1
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VAPOR ANOMALY INVESTIGATION WORK PLAN
5. LIMITATIONS
This document was prepared solely for El Paso Natural Gas Company (EPNG) in accordance with
professional stan<lar<ls at the time the services were performed and in accor<lancc with the contract between
El Paso Energy Services Company and BC dated September I, 2006. This document is govcrn<.;d by the
specific scope of work authorizc<l by EPNG; it is not intended to be relied upon by any other party except
for regulatory authorities contcmplatc:<l by the scope of work.
BROW~ ,\~D CALDWELL
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REFERENCES
ASTM, 1994. Guide for Soil Gas Moniloring in the Vadose Zone, ASTM Standard D 53t 4-D3, in ASTM Standards on Groundwater and
Vadose Zone Investigations, Second Edition.
The Interstate Technology & Regulatory Council (ITRC) Vapor Intrusion Team, January 2007. Vapor lntnusion Pathway: A Practical Guide.
USEPA, 2002. OSWER Draft Guidance for Evaluating the Vapor lntnusion lo Indoor Air Pathway from Groundwater and Soils.
November 29, 2002.
BRO\\S \so CALDWELL
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FIGURES
BROW~ A\D CALDWtLL
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P:\Clients\EI Paso\EPNG FCX\133890 -FCX Vapor Anomaly lnvestigation\002-001\Worio: Plan\Vapor Anomaly WP t 12907.doc
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SOURCE: IJ S.G.S. TOPOGRAPHIC MAP. STATESVILLE WEST OUADRMIGLE. ~IC
FIGURE 1-1
SITE LOCATION MAP
FCX-STATESVILLE SUPERFUND SITE OU3
STATESVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA
133890.001.003
BROvYN ""'o
11/07
CA LD v,rE J_.L ;-,;a,;hvill,:. T,•nn••ss,:e
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VAPOR ANOMALY INVESTIGATION
PROPOSED SAMPLING LOCATIONS
133890.001.003 11/07
BROvVN ""D
-~ u D o.:L_ _________________________ ----1...-_____ ___. SCALE FEET CA LDVVE L.L Xa:>h\·ille, T,~nue:-;:-;ee