NCD003202603_20100523_Ward Transformer_FRBCERCLA RMVL_Removal Action 2 of 4-OCR

NCD003202803
Ward Tra.nsfor■ner
Rem.oval Action,
2of4
Mag24,20LO
6.60
Rel', 6/06
•
Definition
Purpose
Conditions Where
Practice Applies
Planning·
Considerations
• Practice Standards mu/ Specifications
A small, temporary ponding basin fonned by an embankment or excavation
to capture sediment.
To detain sediment-laden runoff and tnlp the sedimenl 10 protect receiving
streams, lakes) drainage systems, and protect adjacent proper1y.
Specific criteria for installation of a temporary sediment trap are as follows:
• At the outlets of diversions. channE:ls1 slope drains, or other, runoff
conveyances 1ha1 discharge sedimen1-laden water.
• Below areas that are draining ~ acres or less.
• Where access can be maintained for sediment removal and proper
disposal.
• 1n the approach to a stormwater inlet located below a disturbed arco r1s
pa11 ofan inlet protection systCm.
• Structure life limited to 2 years.
A temporary sediment trap should not be located in an intermittent or
perennial streanl.
Select locations for sedimenl traps duflng site evalua1lon. No1e natural
drainage divides and select trap sites so that runoff from potential sediment~
producing areas can easily be diverted into the traps. Ensure the drainage
areas for each trap does not exceed 5 acres. )nstall temporary sediment traps
before land d,isturbing takes place within the drainage area.
Make traps readily accessible for pe1iodic sediment removal and· other
necessary maintenance. Plan locations for sedimenl disposal as pm1 of trap
site selection. Clearly designate all disposal areas on the plans,
In preparing plans for sediment traps, it is imrortant to consider provisions to
protect the embankment from failure from stoml runoff that exceeds the design
capacity. Locate bypass outlets so that flow ,vi)) nnt damage the embankment.
Direct emergency bypasses to undisturbed naturat stable areas. If a bypass is
not possible and failure would have severe consequences, consider nltemative
sites.
Sediment trapping is achieved primarily by settling within a pool fonned by
an embankment. The sediment pool may also be formed by excavation, or by
a combination of excavation and embankment SedimcnMrapping efficiency
is a function of surface area and inflow rate (Practice 6.61, Sedimem Basin).
Therefore) maximize the surface area in the design. Because porous baffles
improve flow distribution across the basin, high length to width ratios are not
necessary to reduce short-circuiting and,to optimize efficiency.
Because well planned sediment traps are key measures lo preventing off~
site sedimentation, they should be installed in the firsl s1agcs of project
development.
6.60.1
6.60.2
• m
Design Criteria Smnmary;
Primary Spillway:
Maximum Drainage Are.a:
Minimum Voiume:
Minimum Surface Area:
Minimum L/W Ratio:
Minimum Depth:
Maximum Height:
Dewarering Mechanisn1:
1'.-1inimum Dewatering Time:
Baffles Required:
•
Temporary Sedi~ent Too
Stone Spillway
5 acres
3600 cubic feet per acre of disturbed area
435 square feet per cfs ofQ,. peak inflow
2:1
35 feet, 1.5 feet excavated below grade
Weir elevation 3.5 feet above grade
Stone Spillway
NIA
3
Storage capacity-Provide a minimum volume of 3600 ft.3/acre of disturbed
nrea draining into'the basin. Required storage volume may also be detenTiincd
by modeling the soil loss with the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation or
other acceptable methods. Measure volume to the crest elevation of1he stone
spillway outlet.
Trap cleanout-Remove sediment from the trap, and restore the capacity
to origlnal trap dimensions when sediment has accumulate<l to one-half the
design depth.
Trap efficiency-The follow;ng design elements must be provided for
adequate trapping efficiency:
• Provide a surface area of0.01 acres (435 square feet) per cfs based on the
i 0-year stonn;
• Convey runoff into the basin through stable diversions or temporary s!Ope
drains;
" Locate sediment inflow to the basin away from the dam to prevent -shon
circuits from inlets to the outlet;
• Provide porous baffles (Pr,tctice 6.65, Porous Baffles);
• Excavate l.5 feet of the depth of the basin below grade. and provide
minimum storage depth of2 feet above grade.
Embankment-Ensure that embankments for temporary sediment· traps do
not exceed 5 fec1 }n height. Measure from the center line of the original ground
surface to the top of the embankment. Keep the crest of the spillway outle1
a minimum of 1.5 feet below the settled top of the embankment. Freeboard
may be added lo the embankment height to allow flow through a designated
bypass location. Construct embankments witfra minimum top width of 5 feet
and side slopes of 2: l or flatter. Machine compact embankments.
Excavation-Where. sediment pools are formed or enlarged by excavation,
keep side slopes at 2: I or Halter for safety.
Outlet sedion--Construct the sediment trap outtet using a stone section of
the embankment located at the low point in the basin. The stone section serves
two purposes: (I) the top section ser;es as a non-erosive spHlway outle1 for
flood flows; and (2) the bottom section provides a means of dewatering the
basin between runoff events.
Stooe size--Construct the outlet -using well-graded stones with·a d10 size of 9
inches {Class B erosion control stone is. recommended,) and a maximum stone
•
____ T_____ . fi .,
2' to 3,5'
• Practice S1andards mu/ Specijicalio11s
si?..e of l 4 inches. The entire upstream face of the rock structure should be
covered with fine gravel (NCDOT #57 or #5 wash stone) a minimum of I fool
thick to reduce the drainage rate.
Side slopes-Keep the side slopes of the spillway section at 2:1 or flatter.
To protect the embankment, keep the sides of the spillway at least 21 inches
thick.
Depth-The basin should be excavated 1.5 feet below grade,
Stone spillway height-The sediment storage depth should be a minimum of
2 feet and a maximum of3.5 feet above grade.
Protection from piping-Place niter cloth on the foundation below the riprap
10 preven1 piping. An alternative would be to excavate a keyway trench across
the riprap foundation and up the sides to the height of the dam.
Weir length and depth-Keep the spillway weir at least 4 feet long and si,.ed
to pass the peak discharge of the I 0-year storm (Figure 6.60a). A maximum
flow depth of six inches, 'a minimum free board of l foot, and maximum side
slopes of2:I are recommended, Weir length may be selected from Table 6.60a
shown for most site locations in North Carolina.
Pion View
Overfill 6" for I settlement
\_ Emergency by-
pass 6' below
settled top of
dam
____ _L ___________ ~""--.;..____,-./----'-'=
filter
fabric
1----<
Figure 6.60a Plan view and cross-section view of a temporary sediment trap.
6.60.3
6.60,4
Table 6.60a
Design of Spillways
Drainage Area
(acres)
1'
2
3
4
5
•
'Dimensions shown are minimum.
Weir Length!
(It)
4'.0'
6.0
6.0
10.0
12.0
Construction 1. Clear, grub, and strip the area under the embankment of all vegetation and
Specifications. root mat. Remove all surface soil containing high amounts of.organic matter,
and stockpile or dispose of it properly. Haul all objectionable material to the
designated disposal area.
2. Ensure that fill material for the embankment is free of roots, woody
vege1ation, organic matter, and 01her objectionable material. Place the fill in
lifts not to exceed 9 inches, and machine compact it. Over fill the embankment.
6 inches to allow for settlement.
3. Construct the outlet section in the embankment Protect the connection
between the riprap and the soil from piping by using filter fabric or a keyway
cutoff tre11ch between the riprap structure and soil.
• Place the filter fabric between !he riprap and !he soil. Extend the fabric
across the spillway foundation and sides to the top of the dam; or
• Excavate a keyway trench along the center line of the spillway foundation
extending up the sides lo the height of the dam. The trench should be at
least 2 feel deep and 2 feetwide wilh 1:1 side slopes.
4. Clear the pond area below the elevation of the crest of the spillway to
faciJitate sediment cleanout.
S. All cut and fill slopes should be 2: 1 or flalter.
6 .. Ensure that the stone (drainage) section of the embankment has a
minimum bottom width of3 feet and maximum side slopes of l :J that extCnd
to the bottom of the spillway section.
7. Construct the minimum finished stone spi11way bottom width, as shown
on the plans, with 2:1 side slopes extending.to the top of the over filled
embankment. Keep the thickness of the sides of the spiJlwny outiet structure
at a minimum of 21 inches. The weir must be level and constructed to
grade to assure design capacity.
8* Material used in the stone section should be a weH-graded mixture of stone
with a dsa size of-9 inches (class B'erosion control stone is recommended) and
a maximum .stone size of 14 inches. The stone may be machine piaced and the
smaller s1ones worked into the voids of the larger s1ones. The stone should be
hard. angular, and highly weather-resistant.
9~ Discharge inlet water into 1he basin in a manner to prevent erosion. Use
temporary slope drains or diversions with outlet protection to divert sediment~
laden water to the upper end of the pool area to improve bas.in trap efficiency
(References: Runoff Control Measures and Outlet Protection).
Rev. 6/06
R,v.6/0{,
• • Practice Standards and Specifications
l D. Ensure that the stone spillway outlet section extends downstream past the
toe of the embankment until stable conditions are reached and ou11et velocity
is acceptable for the receiving stream. Keep the edges of the stone outlet
section flush with the surrounding ground~ and shape the center to confine tJ1e
outflow stream (References: Outlet Protec/ion).
11. Direct emergency bypasS to natural, ~1ab1e nreas. Locate hypass outlets
so that How will not damage the embankmen1,
12. Stabilize the embankment and all disturbed areas above the sediment pool
and downstream from the trap immediately after construction (Refe"rences:
Surface Stabilization).
13. Show the distance from the lop of the spillway to·the-sediment cleanout
level (1/2 the design depth) on the plans and mark it in the field.
14. Install porous baffles as specified in Practice 6.65, Porous Ba.fl/es.
Maintenance lnspect temporary sediment traps at least weekly and after each significant t ½
inch or grealer) rainfall event und repair immediately. Remove sediment, and
restore the trap to its original dimensions when the sediment has accumulated
to one-half the design depth of the tTap. Place the sediment that is removed in
the designated disposal area. and replace the part of the gravel facing that is
impalfed by sediment.
Check the structure for damage from erosion or piping. Periodically check the
depth oft.he spinway to ensure it is a minimum of 1.5 feet below the low poim
of the embankment. Immediately fill any settlement of the embankment to
slightly above design grade. Any riprnp displaced from the spillway must
be replaced immediately.
After aJJ sediment-producing areas have been pennanently stabilized, remove
the structure and all unstable sediment. Smooth the area to blend with the
adjoining areas. and stabilize properly (References: Swface S1abilizatio11).
References Outlet Protection
6.41, Outlet Stabilization Structure
RunojfCon/ro/ Measures
6.20, Temporary Diversions
6.21, Permanent Diversions
6.22, Diversion Dike {Perimeter Protection)
6.23, Right-of.way Diversion (Water Bars)
Sw:face Stabilization
6.10, Temporary Seeding
6.11, Permanent Seeding
6.15, Riprap
Sediment Traps and Barriets
6.61, Sediment Basins
· 6.64. Skimmer Basins
6.65, Porous Baffles
North Carolina Departmenl of Transportation
Standard Specifications for Roads and Structures
6.60.5
')'· Golder Associates Inc.
3730 Chamblee Tucker ~oad
Atlanta, GA USA 30341
Telephone [phone]
Fax [phone]
August 29, 2006
United States Environmental Agency
61 Forsyth Street S.W.
Atlanta, GA 30303
Attn:
•
RE: WASTE CHARACTERIZATION SAMPLING !'LAN .
Gentlemen:
053-3184
On behalf of the Ward Transformer Site Trust, Golder Associates Inc. (Golder) is planning to
obtain soil and sediment samples at the Ward Transformer Site (Site) for solid and TSCA waste
disposal facility waste characterization, The analyses will include the Toxicity Characteristic
Leaching Procedure (TCLP) test for metals, corrosivity, reactivity, and ignitability analyses, The
samples will also be split for analyses of_total metals concentrations for the TCLP-l(sted metals.
Both analytical methods are included in anticipation of confirming the commonly used 20: I
correlation between TCLP and total metals results so that total metals analyses can be used
instead of TCLP during the Removal Action when TCLP might be required for waste
characterization, Total metals analyses have a faster laboratory tum around time which would
facilitate material characterization for disposal. Analysis for total polychlorinated biphenyls
(PCBs) will also be included. The sampling is expected to take place on September 7 and 8,
2006,
Golder has reviewed the RI data to estimate whether the Site soil might classify as characteristic
hazardous waste under 40 CFR Part 261. The results indicate that volatile and extractable organic
compounds and pesticides were not detected in concentrations that would potentially exceed the
TCLP list concentrations, These results of the RI sample analyses and understanding of the Ward
operations at the Site indicate that the Site soil and sediment is not hazardous waste by virtue of
characteristic volatile and extractable organic compounds and pesticides. Only lead, chromium
and mercury have been estimated to potentially exceed the TCLP limits, and lead is the most
prevalent of the three, Golder's review of potential TCLP exceedance was provided to EPA on
July 11, 2006, and is also attached for your information,
Soil samples will be taken from approximately 20 to 25 locations ( depending on accessibility) at
various depths, as shown on Figure I. These general locations were sampled during the RI and
the Delineation Sampling Program conducted this year by Golder. The samples will be taken
within about three (3) feet, horizontal, of the original location,
The sampling will be conducted in accordance with the Sampling Quality Assurance Project Plan
(Sampling QAPP) for the Site dated November 2005 and the Sampling Health and Safety Plan
dated April 2005, The samples will be taken by DPT drilling and/or by hand, Since sampling is
being conducted for waste characterization, Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC) samples
will not be collected,
OFFICES ACROSS AFRICA, ASIA, AUSTRALIA, EUROPE, NORTH AMERICA AND SOUTH AMERICA
• United States Environmental Protection Agency
Mr. Luis Flores -2 -
• August 29, 2006
053-3 I 84
The laboratory, CompuChem of Cary, North Carolina, will perform routine in-house QC such as
method blanks and QC spikes. Consequently, it is not anticipated that data validation will be
necessary for these data. Golder will evaluate the data to ensure that adherence with holding time
and blank requirements have been achieved. If this data review suggests that a more in-depth
quality review of the data is warranted, laboratory backup data will be available to perform
further data validation.
Golder .plans to implement this sampling program on September 7 and 8, 2006. The results of
this sampling program will be presented in the subsequent monthly progress report for the Site.
GOLDER ASSOCIATES INC.
Gary Collison, P.E.
GHC:
cc: ;Ylr. William G. Weir, Consol Energy Inc. (by email)
;Ylr. Kerry A. MacPherson, Progress Energy Services Company, LLC (by email)
Mr. Daniel M. Darragh, Cohen & Grigsby, PC (by email)
File: Waste Characterization Sampling 2006_0829.doc
Golder Associates
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0
Golder Associates Inc.
3730 Chamblee Tucker Raad
Atlanta, GA USA 30341
Telephone [phone]
Fax [phone]
ADDENDUM NO. I
TO THE
REMOVAL ACTION PLAN
FOR THE
•
~Golder Associates
f5)§@~1Jwrn~
ml AUG 2 3 2006 lid)
SUPERFUND SECTION
WARD TRANSFORMER SUPERFUND SITE
(CERCLA Docket No. CERCLA-04-2005-3778)
DISTRIBUTION:
Prepared for:
Ward Tram/armer Site Trust
c/o Consolidation Coal Company
CONSOL Plaza ·
1800 Washington Road
Pittsburgh. PA 15241-1421
Prepared by:
Golder Associates Inc
3730 Chamblee Tucker Road
Atlanta. Georgia 30341
3 copies -United States Environmental Protection Agency
1 copy-Ward Transformer Site Trust
2 copies -Golder Associates Inc,
August 2006
OFFICES ACROSS AFRICA, ASIA, AUSTRALIA, EU~OPE, NORTH AMERICA AND SOUTH AMERICA
053-3 I 84
Golder Associates Inc.
3730 Chamblee Tucker Raad
Atlanta. GA USA 30341
-Telephone [phone]
Fax [phone]
August 21, 2006
United States Environmental Agency
61 Forsyth Street S.W.
Atlanta, GA 30303
Attn: Mr. Luis Flores
RE: WARD TRANSFORMER SITE REMOVAL ACTION
•
053-3184
ADDENDUM No. I TO THE DRAFT FINAL REMOVAL ACTION PLAN
Gentlemen:
On behalf of the Ward Transfonncr Site Trust (Trust), Golder Associates Inc. (Golder) is
submitting Addendum No. 1 to the Draft Final Removal Action Plan (RAP) for the Ward
Transformer Supcrfund Site. The description of the thermal desorption alternative that was
presented in the Draft Final RAP was general in nature and it was the Respondent's intention that
the details be presented at the public information meeting held on June 21, 2006. RAP
Addendum No I has been prepared in response to comments on the thermal desorption treatment
alternative during that public information meeting and incorporates responses to comments on the
Draft Addendum from the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Toxic
Substances Control Act (TSCA), and North Carolina Department of the Environment and Natural
Resources (NC DENR) on August 15, 2006.
RAP Addendum No. 1 focuses on details of the thermal desorption alternative, including both the
direct fired and indirect fired processes. The Respondent's point out that even if thermal
desorption is selected, the Removal Action is expected to be a combination of both thermal
desorption and soil removal with off-Site disposal, as explained in RAP Addendum No. 1. The
Respondent's have included thermal desorption as an alternate technology in addition to removal
with off-Site disposal to be able to evaluate both alternatives and to be able to select one or a
combination that would allow the Removal Action to be conducted efficiently and in a cost
effective manner.
OFFICES ACROSS AFRICA, ASIA, AUSTRALIA, EUROPE, NORTH AMERICA AND SOUTH AMERICA
0
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Mr. Luis Flores • 2 -
• August 2 I, 2006
053-3184
Should there be any questions regarding these responses, please contact the undersigned or the
Trust's Project Coordinator, Mr. William G. Weir of CONSOL Energy Inc., at [phone].
GOLDER AS SOCIA TES JNC.
Gary H. Collison, P.E.
Principal
GM/GHC:
cc: William G. Weir, CONSOL Energy Inc.
Daniel M. Darragh, Cohen & Grigsby
Golder Associates
• • Ward Transformer Site August 21, 2006
053-3184 Addendum No. I to Draft Final RAP - I -
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Table of Contents ............................................................................................... .i
SECTION PAGE
1.0 REMOVAL ACTION ALTERNATIVES ....................................................................... I
2.0 THERMAL DESORPTION PROCESSES ............................... ,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,. 3
2.1 Regulations for Thermal Desorption ................................................................................. 4
2.2 Direct Fired Thennal Dcsorbcr Operating, Testing and Monitoring Requirements .......... 8
2.3 Indirect Fired Thermal Desorbcr Operating, Testing and Monitoring Requirements . I 0
3.0 SCHEDULE DIFFERENCES FOR THE ALTERNATIVES ..................................... 12
4.0 BIDDING PROCESS,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,. .. ,.,..,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.. 14
Table I
Table 2
Table 3
Table 4
Figure A-I
Figure A-2
Attachment A-1
Attachment A-2
TABLES
In Order
Following
Page 14
Typical Testing and Operation Monitoring Requirements Direct Fired Thermal
Dcsorber
Typical A WFCO and Emergency Stop Conditions Direct Fired Thermal
Desorbcr
Typical Testing and Operation Monitoring Requirements Indirect Fired Thermal
Desorbcr
Typical A WFCO and Emergency Stop Conditions Indirect Fired Thermal
Desorbcr
FIGURES
Direct Fired Thermal Dcsorber Schematic
Indirect Fired Thermal Dcsorber Schematic
ATTACHMENTS
Low Temperature Thermal Desorption
A Citizen's Guide to Thermal Desorption
Golder Associates
• Ward Transformer Site
Addendum No. 1 to Draft Final RAP - 1 -
1.0 REMOVAL ACTION ALTERNATIVES
• August 21, 2006
053-3184
There arc two alternatives being considered for the Ward Transformer Removal Action:
Alternative 1 -Off-Site Disposal: This alternative includes off-Site disposal of PCB-
containing soil at permitted solid waste or Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA)
landfills. The type of landfill selected will depend on the concentration of PCBs in the
soil as described in Section 7.4 of the RAP. Backfill from an off-Site sourcc(s) would be
used for re-grading the Site. Details of this alternative are described in the RAP.
Alternative 2 -On-Site Thermal Desorption: This alternative includes on-Site treatment
by thermal desorption and off-Site disposal of soil with PCBs. Thcnnal desorption can
be achieved by direct fired and indirect fired processes and both arc being considered. It
is expected that soil with PCB concentrations at or greater than 50 mg/kg_ would be
thern1ally desorbed and that soil with less than 50 mg/kg PCBs would be disposed off-
Sitc. It is also expected that some of the soil with PCB concentrations at or greater than
50 mg/kg would be disposed off-Site instead of being thermally desorbed because of
temporary stockpile space limitations at the Site. Debris that is too large to be thermally
dcsorbcd would also be disposed off-Site. This off-Site disposal of soil and debris would
follow the same approach as for Alternative 1. With Alternative 2 the treated soil would
be used as backfill on the Ward Transformer property. The treated soil backfill would be
covered with six inches of off-Site borrow soil that would be used to form a cover above
the treated soil to support long-term grass vegetation.
For both alternatives, the excavation, loading, stockpiling, sampling for waste characterization,
and sampling for verification that the PCB levels of soil remaining on Site (i.e., the soil that is not
excavated) are at or below the I mg/kg cleanup criterion would be similar, if not the same, and
arc described in the RAP.
For both alternatives the Removal Action Contractor (RAC) would be required to address soil
containing PCBs above 1 mg/kg that are outside of Ward's storm water management / spill
control system (the 'outside' areas) within the first few months of construction. This may include
excavating and disposing the soil off-Site and/or excavating and stockpiling the soil on the Ward
facility property within the storm water management/ control system awaiting thermal desorption
or later off-Site disposal. Stockpiling would be accomplished as described in Section 7.3 of the
RAP. The excavated areas that are not on Ward's property would be backfilled to approximately
Golder Associates
0
Ward Transformer Site
Addendum No. I to Draft Final RAP
•
- 2 -
August 21, 2006
053-3184
their original grades with soil from an off-Site borrow source(s). Backfill used on the Ward
property would also be from off-Site sources, but the final grades may be different than the
original grades.
There may be some areas where excavation cannot be completed because the excavation could
create instability of existing fill that was used to construct the rear portion of the Ward
Transformer facility and the dam forming the lagoon. Examples are excavation areas A09, AJ0,
N07, and N08, the locations of which arc shown in the RAP, and there may be others that arc not
apparent at this time. At these locations engineering controls would be applied so that PCB-
containing soil is not exposed at the surface to erode and be carried off-Site. The engineering
controls would consist of excavating approximately the upper two feet of soil where soil can be
excavated and filling the excavated area with two feet of off-Site borrow soil. If the upper two
feet of soil cannot be excavated, then the area would be covered with two feet of soil from an off-
Site borrow area. Temporary vegetation cover to prevent erosion would be established m
accordance with the Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan submitted with the RAP.
Once the 'outside' areas are completed, the soil with PCBs above I mg/kg that remains would be
within the storm water management / control system or covered with engineering controls, both
of which would provide protection from erosion of PCB-containing soil and its off-Site
migration. Soil within the storm water management / control system and the soil that has been
covered with engineering controls would be addressed after the 'outside' areas have been
completed.-
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2D.0516 • Sulfur Dioxide Emissions from Fuel Burning Installations, which
limits sulfur dioxide emissions from any source of combustion
2D.0521 • Control of Visible Emissions, which limits visible emissions from fuel
burning operations
2D.0533 • Stack Height, which sets a minimum stack height and allows the
height to be determined by dispersion modeling
2D.0535 -Excess Emissions Reporting and Malfunctions, which defines excess
emissions in violation of the appropriate rules during normal operation ( e.g.,
except during start-up and shut-down)
2D.0400 · Ambient Air Quality Standards (sulfur oxides, total suspended
particulates, carbon monoxide, ozone, hydrocarbons, nitrogen dioxide, lead,
PM,o particulate matter, and PM2.s particulate matter)
2D.l 104 -Toxic Air Pollutant Guidelines, which list acceptable ambient
pollutant levels
2D. 1106 -Determination of Ambient Air Concentration, which requires
modeling to determine process operational and air pollution control parameters
and emissions rates
2D. I 806 -Control and Prohibition of Odorous Emissions, which requires
operation to prevent odorous emissions beyond the facility boundary
2Q,0709 · Demonstrations, which requires dispersion modeling to demonstrate
that toxic emissions in 2D. l l 04 will not be exceeded at the facility boundary
2Q.07 l l -Emission Rates Requiring a Permit, which requires demonstration that
the listed toxic air emission rates are not being exceeded if such demonstration
has been made in permit-equivalent documents
Indirect fired thermal dcsorber (without a thermal oxidizer):
2D.0503 -Paniculates from Fuel Burning Indirect Heat Exchangers, which sets
particulate matter emission limits
2D.0516 -Sulfur Dioxide Emissions from Fuel Burning Installations, which
limits sulfur dioxide emissions from any source of combustion
2D.052 l -Control of Visible Emissions, which limits visible emissions from fuel
burning operations
2D.0533 -Stack Height, which sets a minimum stack height and allows the
height to be determined by dispersion modeling
2D,0535 -Excess Emissions Reporting and Malfunctions, which defines excess
emissions in violation of the appropriate rules during normal operation (e.g.,
except during start-up and shut-down)
2Q.071 l -Emission Rates Requiring a Permit, which requires demonstration that
the listed toxie air emission rates are not being exceeded if such demonstration
has been made in permit-equivalent documents
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2.0 THERMAL DESORPTION PROCESSES
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With thermal desorption heat is used to convert the PCBs, which are a liquid adsorbed on the soil,
to a vapor that separates from the soil, which is termed the off-gas. Both the direct fired and
indirect fired processes use low temperature desorption. For PCBs, it is estimated that the
operating temperature in the dcsorber would range between 600 degrees Fahrenheit (°F) and
850°F. This temperature range is.well below that required for incineration of the soil or thermal
oxidation of the PCBs. The treated soil would be cooled with water and used as backfill on the
Site after being tested to assure that the PCB levels are below I mg/kg.
The primary differences between the most common direct fired and indirect fired processes are
the manner in which the heat is applied to the soil and, for some units, the manner in which the
PCB-containing off-gasses are treated. With the direct fired process, heated gas from combustion
of a fuel is applied directly to the soil in a rotating drum. With the indirect process, heat is
applied to the exterior of a rotating drum where the soil is placed. With the direct fired process,
the oft~gas is treated in a thermal oxidizer where the PCBs are destroyed. With the indirect fired
process the off-gas is cooled and the condensed liquid PCBs arc sent off-Site for disposal.
Although the pnmary differences between the two types of thermal desorption units m the
preceding paragraph apply to most units, not all desorbcrs have been built this way. For example,
some indirect fired units have used a thermal oxidizer as part of the off-gas treatment system,
while a direct fired unit used activated carbon for off-gas treatment. Even though the more
common types are described in this RAP Addendum No. I, the descriptions are not intended to
exclude variation in the process elements, as long as a contractor can supply a system that would
meet the Removal Action requirements.
The thermal oxidizer destroys the PCBs by converting them to carbon dioxide and water vapor
and a small amount of chlorine. The thermal oxidizer operates at temperatures that typically
range from about l ,600°F to l ,800°F (about 870 °C to 1,000 °C). After the PCBs are destroyed
in the thermal oxidizer, the off-gas is cooled and then passed through a filter system, called a
baghouse, to trap fine soil particles that might be in the gas. Wet scrubbers can also be used to
control chlorine emissions if required, or dry reagents can be added to the gas upstream of the
baghouse for the same purpose. When wet scrubbers are used there would be a visible steam
plume, similar to that coming from air conditioning cooling towers. A schematic diagram for a
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direct fired thermal desorbcr is shown on Figure A-1. Operation of the thermal oxidizer would be
required to meet the North Carolina air regulations and would be required to meet the applicable
RCRA and TSCA regulatory requirements applicable to a PCB incinerator, including achieving
99.9999 percent destruction and removal efficiency (DRE) of PCBs and continuous emission
monitoring of surrogate parameters to assure that the unit is constantly operated in a compliant
manner. An EPA description of direct fired thermal desorption, using a leaking underground
storage tank remediation as the example, is included as Attachment A-1.
With the indirect fired process, the off-gas is sent through one or more condensers that cool the
gas and produces a liquid condensate. Water, which is the main component of the liquid, is then
separated from the liquid PCBs. The condensed liquid PCBs arc stored in tanks and sent for off-
Site disposal. The water is usually treated on Site, commonly using carbon filtration, to remove
residual contaminants, such as PCBs. The treated water is used to cool and amend the treated soil
for use as on-Site backfill. Excess water, if any, would be discharged as described in Section 2.3.
There is also an off-gas from the condensers. This off-gas is treated to remove any residual
contaminants, with activated carbon being the m_ost common treatment process, and a high
efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter or coalescing mist eliminator to capture droplets and
particulates. However, some indirect desorbcrs use a thermal oxidizer downstream of the
condensers as the final off-gas treatment, rather than activated carbon. When the thermal oxidizer
is used, the process must meet thermal oxidizer requirements similar to those required for a direct
fired unit. A schematic diagram for an indirect fired thermal desorber is shown on Figure A-2.
Also, an EPA description of indirect fired thermal desorption, which was provided at the public
meeting on June 21, 2006, is included as Attachment A-2.
2.1 Regulations for Thermal Desorption
EPA has not promulgated specific regulations applicable to thermal desorbers. EPA I issues
operation authorizations that apply appropriate requirements to thermal desorbers as if they were
incinerators if:
it directly uses controlled flame combustion. Examples are: (I) use of a direct fired
thermal desorption chamber; (2) injection of off-gas from direct flame combustion into
the desorption chamber; and (3) use of an afterburner to destroy organic contaminants in
off-gas from the desorption chamber.... Other desorbers are regulated as miscellaneous
treatment units .... For desorbers that are classified as a miscellaneous treatment unit, it
1 US Environmental Protection Agency. 2001. Electronic mail to Betty C. Willis at ATSDR from Andrew
Opalka, subject: revised thermal desorber definition. Washington, DC: EPA.
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is agency policy to require compliance with those incinerator standards that are
appropriate for the technology.
On October 8, 2003, the EPA promulgated national emissions standards for hazardous air
pollutants (NESHAP) from site remediations in 40 CFR Part 63, Subpart GGGGG. This
regulation implemented section 112(d) of the Clean Air Act (CAA) to control hazardous air
pollutants (HAP) emissions at major sources where remediation is undertaken that could
contribute to air pollution. Site remediations that are subject to the rule arc required to control
emissions by meeting standards reflecting application of maximum achievable control technology
(MACT). The rule applies to certain types of remediation activities that are conducted at
facilities where non-remediation sources arc a major source of HAP emissions. Remedial actions
and non time-critical removal actions under CERCLA are exempt from this rule because the
Record of Decision (ROD) process would take into consideration emissions restrictions that
should be imposed.
A time-critical removal action under CERCLA is exempt from site remediation NESHAP, and
hence MACT, unless the site meets all three of the following conditio_ns listed under 40 CFR Part
63.788l(a).
(a) This subpart .... and this site remediation ... meets all three of the following
conditions:
(1) Your site remediation cleans up a remediation material, as defined in §63. 7957.
(2) Your site remediation is co-located at your facility with one or more other
stationary sources that emit HAP and meet an affected source category that is
regulated by another subpart under 40 CFR part 63.
(3) Your facility is a major source of HAP as defined in §63.2. A major source
emits or has the potential to emit any single HAP at the rate of JO tons (9.07
megagrams) or more per year of any HAP or any combination of HAP at a rate of25
tons (22.68 megagrams) or more per year. All emissions of HAP from every source
at your facility (i.e., both the site remediation activity and all other facility activities)
must be considered in making this calculation.
The Ward Transformer Site is not a facility that meets the conditions in (2) because there are no
other stationary sources except those included in the remediation. Therefore, the CAA
regulations for remedial actions are not Applicable or Relevant and Appropriate Regulations
(ARAR) for the Ward Transformer Site.
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Although not regulated under the CAA, the preamble to the NESHAP for site remediation
(Federal Register, Vol. 68, No. 195 / Wednesday, October 8, 2003, p. 58176) notes that the
Superfund program under CERCLA is considered as a functional equivalent of the establishmen_t
of MACT standards under CAA Section 112 because the ROD process requires consideration of
the same HAP emissions used in establishing the MACT standards. The Ward Transformer Site
is a CERCLA time-critical removal action and does not include the ROD process. However, for
the Ward Transformer Site it is expected that EPA will take into consideration the same
cm1sstons restrictions that would be applied to a remedial action or non time-critical removal
action.
Emission restrictions are provided under both RCRA and TSCA. The_ RCRA regulations apply to
operators of hazardous waste incinerators. The soil to be thcnnally desorbed at the Ward
Transformer Site does not contain organic constituents that classify as listed or characteristic
hazardous waste (PCBs are regulated under TSCA). However, since there arc no specific
regulations for thermal desorbcrs, EPA applies the RCRA incinerator and miscellaneous unit
regulations, and for PCB containing material applies the TSCA incinerator regulations. The
RCRA incinerator regulations are in 40 CFR Part 264, Subpart O (§264.340 through 351) and the
miscellaneous treatment unit regulations arc in 40 CFR Part 264, Subpart X (§264.600 through
603). The TSCA incinerator regulations, which dictate requirements for processing PCBs, are in
40 CFR Part 761 (§761. 70).
In addition to meeting the requirements m applicable or relevant and appropriate federal
regulations, the thermal dcsorbcrs would meet the applicable or relevant and appropriate
requirements of the North Carolina Air Quality Rules 15A NCAC 20 (Air Pollution Control
Requirements) and ISA NCAC 2Q (Air Quality Permit Procedures), i.e., permit equivalency,
although a North Carolina air permit would not be required under CERCLA section 12l(e). The
thermal dcsorber would be classified as a Class X-1 source per 2D.0200(b)(l6). The appropriate
North Carolina control requirement regulations are:
Direct fired thermal dcsorber:
20.1208 -Other Incinerators, which sets emission standards, provides operating
standards, specifies test methods and procedures, and specifies monitoring
recordkeeping, and reporting requirements
20.0515 -Particulate from Miscellaneous Industrial Processes, which sets limits
for particulate matter from any stack vent
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An indirect fired thermal dcsorber having a thermal oxidizer would also be subject to the
same North Carolina requirements as a direct fired thermal dcsorber.
As note above, dispersion modeling is expected to be performed in meeting the North Carolina air
regulations. The dispersion modeling would be accomplished on the thermal desorption unit
proposed by the successful bidder. The dispersion modeling would be completed prior to
mobilizing the thermal desorber to the Site and prior to the Proof of Performance (POP) test.
Some of the federal regulations and the North Carolina regulations address the same emissions
and/or operating parameters. Where there is a conflict, the more stringent of the two would be
applicable.
2.2 Direct Fired Thermal Desorber Operating, Testing and Monitoring Requirements
Specific operating requirements are established after submission of permit equivalent documents,
and then finalized after a POP test. In broad terms, the operating requirements relate to either: (a)
emission limits for specific parameters that must be achieved during the POP testing; or (b)
parameters that will be continuously or regularly monitored during operation.
Specific performance standards for direct fired thermal desorbers from the RCRA regulations in
40 CFR §264.340 include the following:
I. The Destruction and Removal Efficiency (DRE) of the principal orgamc hazardous
constituent (POHC) is calculated as follows:
DRE= ((W;" -W0"')/W;"J x!O0 (as a percentage)
Where W;" is weight in per hour of the POHC and W ""' is the weight out of the POHC in
the stack gas.
For organic hazardous waste compounds the DRE is 99.99 percent.
2. If the stack emission is more than 1.8 kilograms per hour (4 pounds per hour) of
hydrogen chloride (HCI) the emission must be controlled such that the rate of emission is
no greater than the larger of either 1.8 kilograms per hour or one percent of the HCI in the
stack gas prior to entering any pollution control equipment.
3. Particulate matter (PM) in the stack gas is to be less than 0.08 grains per dry standard
cubic foot (gr/dscf) corrected to 7 percent oxygen.
Specific performance standards for direct fired thermal desorbers from the TSCA regulations in
40 CFR §761. 70 include the following:
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I. Combustion efficiency shall be at least 99.9 percent computed as follows:
Combustion efficiency= [Cco2/(Cco2 + Ceo)] x 100 (as a percentage)
Where Cco2 is the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the stack gas, and Ceo is the
concentration of carbon monoxide (CO) in the stack gas.
2. The mass air emissions shall be no greater than 0.001 grams of PCB per kilogram (g/kg)
of the PCB introduced (equivalent to a DRE of99.9999 percent).
The POP test is a stack emissions test of the direct fired thermal desorption equipment that is
performed at the Site using the soil from the Site. The stack tests arc run in triplicate, with three
runs at a single set of process parameters over a set time period typically ranging from 30 minutes
per run to three hours per run depending on the specific stack test protocol developed in
consultation with EPA. Sample probes arc inserted into the stack, and a small slipstream of gas is
pulled through analytical equipment. EPA test methods arc used to measure the particulate
levels, organic compound levels ( which for the Ward Transfonner Site would be PCBs or their
surrogates, and dioxins and furans), and concentrations of other constituents in the gases. In
accordance with 40 CFR §76 I .70(a)(iii)(a) these constituents would include, at a minimum:
Oxygen (02);
Carbon Monoxide (CO);
Carbon Dioxide (CO2);
Oxides of Nitrogen (NO,);
Hydrochloric Acid (HCI);
Total Chlorinated Organic Content (RCI);
PCBs; and
Total Particulate Matter.
Table l provides typical operation monitoring requirements for a direct fired thermal desorber.
With a direct fired thermal desorbcr, the flow of PCBs would be automatically stopped or
completely shut down under specific conditions. Table 2 provides typical automatic waste feed
cut off (AWFCO) and emergency stops (ES). The TSCA regulations in 40 CFR §761.?0(a)(S)
require the flow of PCBs to be automatically stopped whenever the combustion temperature
and/or oxygen drops below levels specified in 40 CFR §761.?0(a)(l). However, these
temperature and oxygen citations apply to incineration of liquid PCBs rather than treatment of
soil, such as at the Ward Transformer Site. The specified temperatures arc not necessary to
achieve the desired DRE and they would increase emissions of nitrogen oxides (NO,), would
require higher fuel consumption, and would reduce system capacity. EPA has indicated that it
will set a low temperature limit based on the POP test.
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During the performance test period, ten samples would be collected and split for PCB analysis by
field immunoassay (Method 4020) and by laboratory methods for Aroclors (Method 8082) and
homo logs (Method 8082 or 680) for comparison of results to determine the methods to be used
for analysis during routine production treatment. If one laboratory method consistently indicates
higher PCB concentration results, that method would be selected as the routine laboratory
analysis method. If the results indicate similar PCB concentrations, the most cost/schedulc-
effectivc method would be selected as the routine laboratory analyses. The immunoassay method
results will be compared to the selected laboratory method results for false negatives (i.e., the
_immunoassay method indicating less than 1.0 mg/kg but the laboratory data indicating greater
than 1.0 mg/kg). If the immunoassay method is selected for routine analyses, IO percent of the
routine samples would be split for analysis by the selected laboratory method.
During the treatment production period, grab samples of treated soil would be taken from the
dcsorber each day and composited for analysis. At least one composite sample would be taken
for each 1,000 tons of treated soil, or one each day of full 24-hour operation, whichever yields the
.more frequent sampling. Any product soil from the dcsorber that is above I mg/kg PCB
concentration would be re-treated.
If the soil has not been analyzed prior to thermal desorption, the treated soil would be analyzed
for metals to determine if the soil would be characteristic hazardous waste as per 40 CFR
§261.24. Analysis would be by the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) or
evaluation of metals concentrations by total metals analysis for comparison to the TCLP limits.
As indicated in the RAP, if metals in the soil exceed those listed in 40 CFR §261.24, the soil
would be disposed off-Site at a RCRA-pcrmitted hazardous waste landfill. Areas on the Site
where Remedial Investigation analyses suggest that the soil may exceed the metals limits may be
excavated and directly disposed off-Site rather than subject to thermal desorption.
2.3 Indirect Fired Thermal Desorber Operating, Testing and Monitoring Requirements
The federal regulatory operating requirements for direct fired thermal desorbcrs are applied, with
alteration, to indirect thermal dcsorbcrs. The primary differences in applying the regulations to
indirect thermal dcsorbcrs are:
I. For indirect systems using activated carbon for condenser off-gas treatment, there is no
oxidizer and no requirement to maintain oxidizer temperature.
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2. The organic vapor concentration is periodically measured between dual (in series)
activated carbon drums, and the upstream drum is changed out when organic vapor
breakthrough occurs between the drums (i.e., the carbon in the drum is spent).
Breakthrough of the upstream drum is determined by measuring the organic
concentration of the gas exiting the upstream drum, by measuring the organic content of a
carbon sample from the upstream drum, or by monitoring the temperature at the inlet and
outlet of the upstream drum.
3. The vent stack is small in diameter (a few inches) and has a low flowratc. Because of
this, the carbon monoxide concentration in the vented gas is not limited to I 00 ppm.
Instead, the carbon monoxide concentration is either set by state regulation or established
based on the results of dispersion modeling, if required.
The liquid condensate includes both non-aqueous organic constituents (PCBs for the Ward Site)
and water, and these two fractions arc separated. The non-aqueous phase, which contains PCBs,
is analyzed and destroyed off-Site at a permitted disposal facility depending on the organic
compound constituents and their concentrations. For the Ward Site, the non-aqueous fraction is
expected to contain PCBs at sufficiently high concentrations, as set by 40 CFR §761.60, that it
would have to be treated at a permitted TSCA incinerator.
The water phase of the condensate would be treated on-Site, likely by activated carbon, and used
to cool the hot soil from the thermal desorbcr. Any excess water would be disposed through the
existing Ward water treatment system, disposed through the public sewer system as permitted by
the local treatment plant, or sent off-Site for disposal. The specific disposal approach is expected
to vary as the Removal Action progresses because the Ward treatment system will be taken out of
service as part of the Removal Action.
Treated soil from the indirect thermal desorber will be tested to assure that the post-treatment
PCB levels arc below the I mg/kg cleanup criterion and that the soil is not characteristic
hazardous waste for metals using the same approach as described in Section 2.2 for the direct
fired thermal dcsorber. Because the indirect fired thermal desorbcr is expected to operate at about
half or less the rate of the direct fired thermal dcsorber the frequency of sampling would be one
composite sample for every 1,000 tons of treated soil or on a sample composited from grab
samples taken during each three days of full 24-hour operation, whichever yields the more
frequent sampling.
Table 3 presents typical operating monitoring requirements for indirect fired thermal dcsorbcrs
and Table 4 presents associated A WFCO and E-Stop information.
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3.0 SCHEDULE DIFFERENCES FOR THE ALTERNATIVES
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The RAP provides a schedule of six months for the remedial construction based on Alternative 1,
Off-Site Disposal. Section 7.9 of the RAP, which discusses Alternative 2, Thermal Desorption,
indicated that thermal desorption could take as long as 20 months once started (assuming 12-hour
per day operatio,n) along with a four to eight month permitting, testing and start-up period. In
preparing for the bidding process, it was learned that six months might be difficult to achieve
with the Alternative I, Off-Site Disposal. Also, bidders indicated that the thermal desorption
process would likely be operated 24 hours per day, not 12 hours per day. Consequently, bidders
are being asked to provide proposed schedules for both alternatives.
The thermal desorption schedule would be different for the two processes because they operate at
different rates. Many direct fired systems arc capable of 30-40 tons per hour (tph) throughput,
and a few have run in the 60+ tph range. Indirect fired thermal dcsorbers commonly operate in
the 7 to IO tph range, but two have run at 20 tph. Using the current estimate of 67,000 tons for
the amount of soil with PCB concentrations equal to or greater than 50 mg/kg, operation at 24
hours per day, and the IO and 40 tph rates, yields an operating period of 9.3 months for the
indirect fired process (half that, if a 20 tph unit were used) and 2.3 months for the direct fired
process. Allowing about IO percent down-time for maintenance, these process times become
10.3 and 2.6 months, respectively.
Both systems would require EPA authorizations and on-Site start-up testing to establish operating
parameters that would be used to evaluate adherence to emission requirements. The authorization
and testing/start-up periods are currently estimated to be in the one to four month range rather
than the four to eight month range indicated in the RAP. Thus, the total schedule for the thermal
desorption operation portion of the Removal Action is estimated to be in the seven to 14 month
range. With thermal desorption, the authorization and testing phase would also be used for
general mobilization and for addressing the areas 'outside' of the surface water management/
control system. For both thermal desorption processes, additional remediation construction time
would be required after the units arc removed to complete the soil removal, site backfilling and
grading, and planting vegetation. Allowing an additional two months for this work yields an
estimated schedule in the nine to 16 month range.
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With Alternate I, Off-Site Disposal, the schedule is also expected to be longer than the six
months estimated in the RAP. This is based on comments received from prospective contractors
prior to the start of the bidding process. Again, an accurate estimate is not known because it will
depend on the approach that the bidders take for the work. Using an estimate of 500 tons of soil
per day for removal, the current estimate of approximately 96,000 tons for the amount of soil with
PCB concentrations greater than I mg/kg, and using 22 working days per month (five days per
week), yields an 8.7 month removal duration. Using a truck load of 34 tons (about 20 cubic
yards), the 96,000 tons of soil would equal about 2,825 truck trips each way, which is about 5,650
entries and exits from the Site, to remove the soil. This would average about 650 entries and exits
per month, or about 30 per day. Using one month for general mobilization and one month for
backfill, grading and revcgetation yields a total estimated remediation construction time of about
11 months.
In summary, the time estimates range from about nine to I 6 months with thermal desorption
being both the shortest and longest, depending on the process. It is because of the complexities of
the Ward Site and the remedial approaches contemplated, that the bidders have been asked to
provide a schedule for both alternatives.
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Bids for removal action activities were solicited on May 16, 2006, with June 12, 2006, the
original date for bid submittal. The bidding process was put on hold to provide an opportunity for
EPA to obtain public comment on the proposed alternatives prior to deciding whether or not to
approve the RAP. The bidding period will be re-started when EPA approves the RAP.
When re-started, the bidders will be given about a month to submit bids. Bidders must submit a
bid for Alternate 1 -Off-Site Disposal and may elect to submit a bid for Alternate 2 -On-Site
Thermal Desorption.
After bids arc received, it is envisioned that three contractors will be short-listed for interviews
and discussion of the bids. Bids will be evaluated on the basis of technical approach (which is
required to be described in the bid), experience, proposed schedule, cost, subcontractors, and
other business factors as determined by the Respondents. The Respondents may, or may not,
select the bid with the lowest price or the shortest proposed schedule. The bid evaluation process
is expected to take two to three weeks once bids are received. EPA will be kept informed
regarding the bidding process, the proposed remedial altcrativc(s), and the proposed contractor.
Once a RAC has been selected and approved by EPA, it is estimated that Site work would begin
within two to three weeks.
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Parameter/Monitorinl?
Oxidizer temperature -
continuouslv monitored
Stack oxygen (02) level -
continuouslv monitored
Primary chamber
temperature -
continuously monitored
Baghouse inlet
temperature -
continuously monitored
Stack CO -continuously
monitored
Particulate matter (PM)
in stack during POP test
DRE for PCBs during
POP test
Dioxins and furans
during POP test
Table 1
Typical Testing and Operation Monitoring Requirements
Direct Fired Thermal Desorber
Value Comment
Minimum temperature set by Minimum temperature usually set at average of that of three test runs.
POP test
More than 3% This ensures that sufficient oxygen exists to oxidize organic constituents.
EPA will set lower limit Hot gas and product soil temperature out of the desorber are left up to the operator
based on POP test. and are based on their experience with the soil. lf the product soil temperature is too
low, then the residual PCB concentration in the soil may be too high and the soil may
have to be re-treated. Gas and solids temperature customarily are close to those in
the POP test. However, they may be altered as feed moisture or other properties
chan~e.
<450°F Inlet temperatures are kept below this level to reduce the potential of forming dioxins
and furans for cocurrent direct fired desorbers. For counter current direct fired
thermal desorbers, the baghouse temperature is not an issue for dioxin/furan
formation because gases pass through the oxidizer after the baghouse and
dioxins/furans that might have formed would be destroyed.
:5100 ppm, l hour rolling avg, Requires continuous emission monitor (CEM) in the stack for CO and for 0 2•
corrected to 7% oxvgen Monitored bv EPA Method JO continuous monitor.
PM limits per RCRA Monitored only during the POP test. Broken bag detectors are sometimes used as
standards, 0.08 gr/dscf, or surrogates after the POP test to prove baghouse integrity. Baghouse pressure drop is
state standards, or H WC monitored, and it may have a minimum value set to verify the bags are intact. PM is
MACT0.013 =/dscf tested bv EPA Methods 1-5.
>99.9999% DRE PCB DRE is normally tested by using a surrogate, such as trichlorobenzene (TCB)
spiked into the soil. After the POP test, CO and oxidizer temperature are used as
surrogates to show that the system is working properly. Stack sampling is by EPA
Method 0010 (modified Method 5 for semi-volatile organic compounds, SVOCs) and
Method 23 (for PCBs) using XAD resin adsorbent. Laboratory analyses are by EPA
method 8270C for SVOCs and EPA method 1668A for PCBs.
<0.2 TEQ ng/dscm, or <0.4 Stack test is by EPA Method OOIO (modified method 5 for SVOCs) and Method 23
TEQ ng/dscm for wet (for dioxins/furans). Units are nanograms per dry standard cubic meter (ng/dscm) of
scrubber or temperature less stack gas.
than 400°F in the baghouse
. Golder Associates
•
•
Ward Transformer Site
Addendum No. I to Draft Final RAP
August 21, 2006
053-3184
Parameter/Monitorin2
HCI/CJ,
pH -continuously
monitored
Measure of velocity -
continuously monitored
Soil feed rate -
continuously monitored
and totalized
Desorber draft -
continuously monitored
Wet scrubber pressure
drop and water flow -
continuously monitored
NOx during POP test
Table I
Typical Testing and Operation Monitoring Requirements
Direct Fired Thermal Desorber
(Continued)
Value Comment
Limited to 21 parts per Test by EPA Method 26A.
million (ppm) for new
systems or 32 ppm for old
systems, or less than 4 pounds
per hour (lb/hr) or more than
99%removal
>7.5 standard pH units normal For wet scrubbers, pH shows that a neutralizing agent, usually sodium hydroxide
setnoint (NaOH), is being injected. nH is used as a surrogate for HCI/CI, removal.
Limit set by POP test The velocity limit is frequently set equal to the average gas velocity during the three
POP test runs. Velocity acts as a surrogate for PM emissions. Measured by fan
amps or flow monitor.
Limit set by POP test Maximum limit frequently set equal to the average soil feed rate during POP test.
This acts as a surrogate for PM emissions. Soil feed rate usually measured with a
conveyor belt scale.
Unit to operate under draft Draft monitored continuously by an instrument. Draft is measured at the burner end
of the desorber.
Set by POP test For venturi scrubbers that remove particulates, a minimum pressure drop across the
scrubber throat may be set, as well as a minimum water flowrate,
North Carolina regulations Method 7E, CEM, normally used during POP test. Sometimes monitored after POP
test.
Golder Associates
•
8 • Ward Transformer Site
Addendum No. I to Draft Final RAP
Table 2
Typical A WFCO and Emergency Stop Conditions
Direct Fired Thermal Dcsorber
August 21, 2006
053-3184
Condition Control Action (l)
High stack temperature, baghouse temp, or scrubber water ES
temperature (if so equipped)
Loss of draft fan ES
Loss of water flow to scrubber (if so equipped} ES
Power failure ES
High dcsorber chamber gas outlet temperature ES
High oxidizer chamber gas outlet temperature ES
Loss of draft in primary chamber for> 15 seconds AWFCO
Low scrubber pH, <6 standard units, more than 5 minutes AWFCO
(if so equipped}
Low primary chamber temperature AWFCO
Low oxygen in the stack AWFCO
Low oxidizer chamber temperature AWFCO
High CO in stack (for oxidizer equipped systems) AWFCO
High gas flow velocity in stack AWFCO
Hi 0 h waste feed rate, 60 minute rolling averaoe AWFCO
I -ES emergency shutdown, A WFCO -automatic waste feed cutoff
Golder Associates
Ward Transfonner Site
Addendum No. I to Draft Final RAP
August 2 I, 2006
053-3184
Parameter/Monitoring
Condenser outlet
temperature •
continuouslv monitored
Primary chamber wall and
gas temperarure .
continuously monitored
Purge gas flowrate •
continuouslv monitored
Particulate matter (PM) in
stack· during POP test
DRE for PCBs • during
POP test
Dioxins and furans .
durin" POP test
HCVC!i
pH · continuously
monitored
Table 3
Typical Testing and Operation Monitoring Requirements
Indirect Fired Thermal Desorber
Value Comment
Ma"imum temperature set Maximum temperature usually set at average of that of three test runs.
by POP test
EPA will set lower limit Hot gas and product soil temperature out of the desorber are left up to the operator
based on POP test. based on their experience with the soil. If the product soil temperarure is too low, then
the residual PCB concentration in the soil may be too high and the soil may have to be
re-treated. Gas and solids temperature customarily are close to those in the POP test.
However, thev mav be altered as feed moisrure or other properties change.
Minimum flowrate set by Usually set at lowest flow during three POP test runs.
POP test
PM limits per RCRA Monitored only during POP test. PM is tested by EPA Methods 1-5.
standards, 0.08 gr/dscf, or
state standards, or HWC
MACT 0.013 e;r/dscf
>99.9999% DRE PCB DRE is nonnally tested by using a surrogate, such as trichloroben.zenc (TCB)
spiked into the soil. After the POP test, CO and oxidizer temperature are used as
surrogates to show that the system is working properly. Stack sampling is by EPA
Method 0010 (modified Method 5 for semi-volatile organic compounds, SVOCs) and
Method 23 (for PCBs) using XAD resin adsorbent Laboratory analyses are by EPA
method 8270C for SVOCs and EPA method 1668A for PCBs.
<0.2 TEQ ng/dscm Stack test is by Method 0010 (modified method 5 for SVOCs) and Method 23 (for
dioxins/furans).
Limited to 21 parts per Test by EPA Method 26A.
million (ppm) for new
systems or 32 ppm for old
systems, or less than 4
pounds per hour (lb/hr) or
more than 99% removal
>7.5 standard pH units Applies if caustic is used in the condenser loop.
normal semoint
Golder Associates
•
Ward Transformer Site
Addendum No. 1 to Draft Final RAP
August 21, 2006
053-3184
Parameter/MonitorinP:
Measure of velocity -
continuously monitored
Soil feed rate -
continuously monitored
and totalized
Desorber draft -
continuouslv monitored
Wet scrubber pressure
drop and water flow -
continuously monitored
PCB condensate for
disoosal
Water condensate for
disposal
Table 3
Typical Testing and Operation Monitoring Requirements
Indirect Fired Thermal Desorber
(Continued)
Value Comment
Limit set by POP test The velocity limit is frequently set equal to the average gas velocity during the three
POP test runs. Velocity used as a surrogate for PM emissions. Measured by fan
ampst or flow monitor.
Limit set by POP test Maximum limit frequently set equal to the average soil feed rate during POP test.
This acts as a surrogate for PM emissions.
Unit to operate under draft Draft is monitored continuously by an instrument. Draft is usually measured at the
feed end of the desorber.
Set by POP test A minimum pressure drop across the scrubber throat may be set for venturi scrubbers
that remove particulates, as well as a minimum water flowrate.
Limit set by 40 CFR EPA Method 8082 for PCBs.
6761.60
Limit set by Ward NPDES EPA Method 8082 for PCBs.
Permit or off-Site treatment
facilitv
Note: The thermal oxidizer related requirements for a direct fired thermal desorber listed in Tables I and 2 would apply to an indirect fired
thermal desorber using a thermal oxidizer for treatment of the condensate off-gas.
Golder Associates
•
• Ward Transfonner Site
Addendum No. I to Draft Final RAP
Table 4
Typical A WFCO and Emergency Stop Conditions
Indirect Fired Thermal Dcsorbcr
August 21, 2006
053-3184
Condition Control Action (l)
High stack temperature, condenser temp, and scrubber ES
(if so cquippe?) water temperature
Loss of draft fun ES
Loss of water flow to scrubber (if so equipped) ES
Loss of purge gas pressure ES
Power failure ES
High dcsorber chamber gas outlet temperature or shell temp ES
Loss of draft in primary chamber for > 15 seconds AWFCO
Low scrubber pH, <6 std units, more than 5 minutes AWFCO
(if so equipped)
Low primary chamber temperature AWFCO
Low oxidizer chamber temperature (if so equipped) AWFCO
High carbon bed outlet temperature AWFCO
High gas flow velocity in stack AWFCO
Hiah waste feed rate, 60 minute rolling average AWFCO
I , = -ES emergency stop, A WFCO -automallc waste feed cutoff
Golder Associates
0 • Ward Transformer Site
Addendum No. 1 to Draft Final RAP
August 21, 2006
053-3184
Figure A-1
Direct Fired Thermal Desorber Schematic
Gas Temp
~950°f
Feed +
Rotary
Desorber
Oxidizer
Treated Soil
~850°F for
Heavy Organics
Dry
Bottom
Quench
Bag-Stack
house
Treated
Soil
Note: Tars & Oils Destroyed
by Oxidizer
Golder Associates
• • Ward Transformer Site
Addendum No. 1 to Draft Final RAP
Figure A-2
Indirect Fired Thermal Desorber Schematic
Feed Soil
,
~ ~
Desorptior -First Stage Chamber Condenser -
\ ' j
I I I Processed Heavy Oil
Soil External Heat
/ / / /
Second Stage Activated
Condenser -Carbon or
/ Oxidizer I/
Light Oil/Water
Golder Associates
August 21, 2006
053-3184
Sta ck
•
ATTACHMENT A-1
LOW-TEMPERATURE THERMAL DESORPTION
UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Golder Associates
Low-Temperature Thermal Des.on • Page I of6
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EP.t,_Home > Underground_Storage Tanks > Cleaning Up_U_S:( System.Releases> Low-Temperature Thermal
Desorption
Low-Temperature Thermal Desorption
The following description of Low-Temperature Thermal Desorption is an excerpt from
Chapter VI of OUST's publication: How to Evaluate Alternative Cleanup Technologies
for Underground Storage Tank Sites: A Guide for Corrective Action Plan Reviewers.
(EPA 510-8-95-007). This publication also describes 9 additional alternative technologies
for remediation of petroleum releases. You can download PDF files of every chapter of the
document at: h(tpjlwww.epa.gov/swerust1lgubsltums.htm.
Low-Temperature Thermal Desorption (L TTD), also known as low-temperature thermal
volatilization, thermal stripping, and soil roasting, is an ex-situ remedial technology that
uses heat to physically separate petroleum hydrocarbons from excavated soils. Thermal
desorbers are designed to heat soils to temperatures sufficient to cause constituents to
volatilize and des orb (physically separate) from the soil. Although they are not designed to
decompose organic constituents, thermal desorbers can, depending upon the specific
organics present and the temperature of the desorber system, cause some of the
constituents to completely or partially decompose. The vaporized hydrocarbons are
generally treated in a secondary treatment unit (e.g., an afterburner, catalytic oxidation
chamber, condenser, or carbon adsorption unit) prior to discharge to the atmosphere.
Afterburners and oxidizers destroy the organic constituents. Condensers and carbon
adsorption units trap organic compounds for subsequent treatment or disposal.
Some pre-and postprocessing of soil is necessary when using L TTD. Excavated soils are
first screened to remove large (greater than 2 inches in diameter) objects. These may be
sized (e.g., crushed or shredded) and then introduced back into the feed material. After
leaving the desorber, soils are cooled, re-moistened to control dust, and stabilized (if
necessary) to prepare them for disposal/reuse. Treated soil may be redeposited onsite,
used as cover in landfills, or incorporated into asphalt.
Application
L TTD has proven very effective. in reducing concentrations of petroleum products including
gasoline, jet fuels, kerosene, diesel fuel, heating oils, and lubricating oils. L TTD is
applicable to constituents that are volatile at temperatures as great as 1,200 degrees F.
Most desorbers operate at temperatures between 300 degrees F to 1,000 degrees F.
Desorbers constructed of special alloys can operate at temperatures up to 1,200 degrees
F. More volatile products (e.g., gasoline) can be desorbed at the lower operating range,
while semivolatile products (e.g., kerosene, diesel fuel) generally require temperatures in
excess of 700 degrees F, and relatively nonvolatile products (e.g., heating oil, lubricating
oils) require even higher temperatures. Essentially all soil types are amenable for treatment
by L TTD systems. However, different soils may require varying degrees and types of
pretreatment. For example, coarse-grained soils (e.g., gravel and cobbles) may require
crushing; fine-grained soils that are excessively cohesive (e.g., clay) may require
shredding.
The requirement for pilot testing of petroleum-contaminated soils, in which a quantity of soil
from the site is processed through the L TTD system (a "test burn"), is specified by state
and local regulations. The results of preliminary testing of soil samples should identify the
relevant constituent properties, and examination of the machine's performance records
should indicate how effective the system will be in treating the soil. However, it should be
noted that the proven effectiveness of a particular system for a specific site or waste does
not ensu're that it will be effective at all sites or that the treatment efficiencies achieved will
http://www. epa. gov/ swcrust I/ cat/I ttd.htm 7/5/2006
Low-Temperature Thermal Des.on • Page 2 of6
be acceptable at other sites. If a test burn is conducted, it is important to ensure that the
soil tested is representative of average conditions and that enough samples are analyzed
before and after treatment to confidently determine whether L TTD will be effective.
Operation of L TTD units requires various permits and demonstration of compliance with
permit requirements. Monitoring requirements for L TTD systems are by their nature
different from monitoring required at an UST site. Monitoring of L TTD system waste
streams (e.g., concentrations of particulates, volatiles, and carbon monoxide in stack gas)
are required by the agency(ies) issuing the permits for operation of the facility. Compliance
with limits specified by the permits is the responsibility of the L TTD facility owner/operator.
Other L TTD system operating parameters (e.g., desorber temperature, soil feed rate,
afterburner temperature) are also the responsibility of the L TTD facility owner/operator.
The decision as to whether or not L TTD is a practical remedial alternative depends upon
site-specific characteristics (e.g., the location and volume of contaminated soils, site
layout), practicality is also determined by regulatory, logistical, and economic
considerations. The economics of L TTD as a remedial option are highly site-specific.
Economic factors include site usage (because excavation and on site soil treatment at a
retail site (e.g., gasoline station, convenience store) will most likely prevent the business
from operating for an extended period of time), the cost of L TTD per unit volume of soil
relative to other remedial options, and the location of the nearest applicable L TTD system
(because transportation costs are a function of distance).
Operation Principles
Thermal desorption systems fall into two general classes --stationary facilities and mobile
units. Contaminated soils are excavated and transported to stationary facilities; mobile
units can be operated directly onsite. Desorption units are available in a variety of process
configurations including rotary desorbers, asphalt plant aggregate dryers, thermal screws,
and conveyor furnaces.
The plasticity of the soil is a measure of its ability to deform without shearing and is to
some extent a function of water content. Plastic soils tend to stick to screens and other
equipment, and agglomerate into large clumps. In addition to slowing down the feed rate,
plastic soils are difficult to treat. Heating plastic soils requires higher temperatures because
of the low surface area to volume ratio and increased moisture content. Also, because
plastic soils tend to be very fine-grained, organic compounds tend to be tightly sorbed.
Thermal treatment of highly plastic soils requires pretreatment, such as shredding or
blending with more friable soils or other amendments (e.g., gypsum).
Material larger than 2 inches in diameter will need to be crushed or removed. Crushed
material is recycled back into the feed to be processed. Coarser-grained soils tend to be
free-flowing and do not agglomerate into clumps. They typically do not retain excessive
moisture, therefore, contaminants are easily desorbed. Finer-grained soils tend to retain
soil moisture and agglomerate into clumps. When dry, they may yield large amounts of
particulates that may require recycling after being intercepted in the baghouse.
The solids processing capacity of a thermal desorption system is inversely proportional to
the moisture content of the feed material. The presence of moisture in the excavated soils
to be treated in the L TTD unit will determine the residence time required and heating
requirements for effective removal of contaminants. In order for desorption of petroleum
constituents to occur, most of the soil moisture must be evaporated in the desorber. This
process can require significant additional thermal input to the desorber and excessive
residence time for the soil in the desorber. Moisture content also influences plasticity which
affects handling of the soil. Soils with excessive moisture content (> 20 percent) must be
dewatered. Typical dewatering methods include air drying (if storage space is available to
spread the soils), mixing with drier soils, or mechanical dewatering.
The presence of metals in soil can have two implications: (1) limitations on disposal of the
solid wastes generated by_desorption, and (2) attention to air pollution control regulations
that limit the amount of metals that may be released in stack emissions. Al normal L TTD
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Low-Temperature Thennal Des.on • Page 3 of6
operating temperatures, heavy metals are not likely to be significantly separated from soils.
High concentrations of petroleum products in soil can result in high soil heating values.
Heat released from soils can result in overheating and damage to the desorber. Soits with
heating values greater than 2,000 Btu/lb require blending with cleaner soils to dilute the
high concentration of hydrocarbons. High hydrocarbon concentrations in the off gas may
exceed the thermal capacity of the afterburner and potentially result in the release of
untreated vapors into the atmosphere. Excessive constituent levels in soil could also
potentially result in the generation of vapors in the desorber at concentrations exceeding
the lower explosive limit (LEL). If the LEL is exceeded there is a potential for explosion.
System Design
The term "thermal desorber" describes the primary treatment operation that heats
petroleum-contaminated materials and desorbs organic materials into a purge gas.
Mechanical design features and process operating conditions vary considerably among the
various types of L TTD systems. Desorption units are available in four configurations:
1 . rotary.J:!J:Y.er
2. aspJ)a[t plant aggregat;ulryer
3. thermal screw
4. conveyor furnace
Although all L TTD systems use heat to separate (desorb) organic contaminants from the
soil matrix, each system has a different configuration with its own set of advantages and
disadvantages. The decision to use one system over another depends on the nature of the
contaminants as well as machine availability, system performance, and economic
considerations. System performance may be evaluated on the basis of pilot tests (e.g., test
burns) or examination of historical machine performance records. Pilot tests to develop
treatment conditions are generally not necessa;Y for petroleum-contaminated soils.
Rotary Dryers. Rotary dryer systems use a cylindrical metal reactor (drum) that is inclined
slightly from the horizontal. A burner located at one end provides heat to raise the
temperature of the soil sufficiently to desorb organic contaminants. The flow of soil may be
either cocurrent with or countercurrent to the direction of the purge gas flow. As the drum
rotates, soil is conveyed through the drum. Lifters raise the soil, carrying it to near the top
of the drum before allowing it to fall through the heated purge gas. Mixing in a rotary dryer
enhances heat transfer by convection and allow soils to be rapidly heated. Rotary desorber
units are manufactured for a wide range of treatment capacities; these units may be either
stationary or mobile.
The maximum soil temperature that can be obtained in a rotary dryer depends on the
composition of the dryer shell. The soil discharge temperature of carbon steel drums is
typically 300 to 600 degrees F. Alloy drums are available that can increase the soil
discharge temperature to 1,200 degrees F. Most rotary dryers that are used to treat
petroleum contaminated soil are made of carbon steel. After the treated soil exits the rotary
dryer, it enters a cooling conveyor where water is sprayed on the soil for cooling and dust
control. Water addition may be conducted in either a screw conveyor or a pug mill.
Besides the direction of purge gas flow relative to soil feed direction, there is one major
difference in configuration between countercurrent and cocurrent rotary dryers. The purge
gas from a countercurrent rotary dryer is typically only 350 to 500 degrees F and does not
require cooling before entering the baghouse where fine particles are trapped. A
disadvantage is that these particles may not have been decontaminated and are typically
recycled to the dryer. Countercurrent dryers have several advantages over cocurrent
systems. They are more efficient in transferring heat from purge gas to contaminated soil,
and the volume and temperature of exit gas are lower, allowing the gas to go directly to a
baghouse without needing to be cooled. The cooler exit gas temperature and smaller
volume eliminates the need for a cooling unit, which allows downstream processing
equipment to be smaller. Countercurrent systems are effective on petroleum products with
molecular weights lower than No.2 fuel oil.
http://www.epa.gov/swcrustl/cat/lttd.htm 7/5/2006
Low-Temperature Thermal De.ion 0 Page 4 of6
In cocurrent systems, the purge gas is 50 to 100 degrees F hotter than the soil discharge
temperature. The result is that the purge gas exit temperature may range from 400 to 1,000
degrees F and cannot go directly to the baghouse. Purge gas first enters an afterburner to
decontaminate the fine particles, then goes into a cooling unit prior to introduction into the
baghouse. Because of the higher temperature and volume of the purge gas, the baghouse
and all other downstream processing equipment must be larger than in a countercurrent
system. Cocurrent systems do have several advantages over countercurrent systems. The
afterburner is located upstream of the baghouse ensuring that fine particles are
decontaminated. In addition, because the heated purge gas is introduced at the same end
of the drum as the feed soil, the soil is heated faster, resulting in a longer residence time.
Higher temperatures and longer residence time mean that cocurrent systems can be used
to treat soils contaminated with heavier petroleum products. Cocurrent systems are
effective for light and heavy petroleum products including No. 6 fuel oil, crude oil, motor oil,
and lubricating oil.
Asphalt Plant Aggregate Dryers. Hot-mix asphalt plants use aggregate that has been
processed in a dryer before it is mixed with liquid asphalt. The use of petroleum
contaminated soils for aggregate material is widespread. Aggregate dryers may either be
stationary or mobile. Soil treatment capacities range from 25-150 tons per hour. The soil
may be incorporated into the asphalt as a recycling process or the treated soil may be used
for other purposes.
Asphalt rotary dryers are normally constructed of carbon steel and have a soil discharge
temperature of 300 to 600 degrees F. Typically, asphalt plant aggregate dryers are
identical to countercurrent rotary desorbers described above and are effective on the same
types of contaminants. The primary difference is that an afterburner is not required for
incorporation of clean aggregate into the asphalt mix. In some areas, asphalt plants that
use petroleum contaminated soil for aggregate may be required to be equipped with an
afterburner.
Thermal Screws. A thermal screw desorber typically consists of a series of 1-4 augers.
The auger system conveys, mixes, and heats contaminated soils to volatilize moisture and
organic contaminants into a purge gas stream. Augers can be arranged in series to
increase the soil residence time, or they can be configured in parallel to increase
throughput capacity. Most thermal screw systems circulate a hot heat-transfer oil through
the hollow flights of the auger and return the hot oil through the shaft to the heat transfer
fluid heating system. The heated oil is also circulated through the jacketed trough in which
each auger rotates. Thermal screws can also be steam-heated. Systems heated with oil
can achieve soil temperatures of up to 500 degrees F, and steam-heated systems can heat
soil to approximately 350 degrees F.
Most of the gas generated during heating of the heat-transfer oil does not come into
contact the waste material and can be discharged directly to the atmosphere without
emission controls. The remainder of the flue gas maintains the thermal screw purge gas
exit temperature above 300 degrees F. This ensures that volatilized organics and moisture
do not condense. In addition, the recycled flue gas has a low oxygen content (less than 2
percent by volume) which minimizes oxidation of the organics and reduces the explosion
hazard. If pretreatment analytical data indicates a high organic content (greater than 4
percent), use of a thermal screw is recommended. After the treated soil exits the thermal
screw, water is sprayed on the soil for cooling and dust control. Thermal screws are
available with soil treatment capacities ranging from 3-15 tons per hour.
Since thermal screws are indirectly heated, the volume of purge gas from the primary
thermal treatment unit is less than one half of the volume from a directly-heated system
with an equivalent soil processing capacity. Therefore, offgas treatment systems consist of
relatively small unit operations that are well suited to mobile applications. Indirect heating
also allows thermal screws to process materials with high organic contents since the
recycled flue gas is inert, thereby reducing the explosion hazard.
Conveyor Furnace. A conveyor furnace uses a flexible metal belt to convey soil through
the primary heating chamber. A one-inch-deep layer of soil is spread evenly over the belt.
As the belt moves through the system, soil agitators lift the belt and turn the soil to enhance
http://www.epa.gov/swerustl/cat/lttd.htm 7/5/2006
Low-Temperature Thermal De.ion Page 5 of6
heat transfer and volatilization of organics. The conveyor furnace can heat soils to
temperatures from 300 to 800 degrees F. At the higher temperature range, the conveyor
furnace is more effective in treating some heavier petroleum hydrocarbons than are oil or
steam-heated thermal screws, asphalt plant aggregate dryers, and carbon steel rotary
dryers. After the treated soil exits the conveyor furnace, it is sprayed with water for cooling
and dust control. As of February, 1993, only one conveyor furnace system was currently in
use for the remediation of petroleum contaminated soil. This system is mobile and can treat
5-10 tons of soil per hour.
Offgas treatment systems for L TTD systems are designed to address three types of air
pollutants: particulates, organic vapors, and carbon monoxide. Particulates are controlled
with both wet (e.g., venturi scrubbers) and dry (e.g., cyclones, baghouses) unit operations.
Rotary dryers and asphalt aggregate dryers most commonly use dry gas cleaning unit
operations. Cyclones are used to capture large particulates and reduce the particulate load
to the baghouse. Baghouses are used as the final particulate control device. Thermal
screw systems typically use a venturi scrubber as the primary particulate control.
The control of organic vapors is achieved by either destruction or collection. Afterburners
are used downstream of rotary dryers and conveyor furnaces to destroy organic
contaminants and oxidize carbon monoxide. Conventional afterburners are designed so
that exit gas temperatures reach 1,400 to 1,600 degrees F. Organic destruction efficiency
typically ranges from 95 to greater than 99 percent.
Condensers and activated carbon may also be used to treat the offgas from thermal screw
systems. Condensers may be either water-cooled or electrically-cooled systems to
decrease off gas temperatures to 100 to 140 degrees F. The efficiency of condensers for
removing organic compounds ranges from 50 to greater than 95 percent. Noncondensible
gases exiting the condenser are normally treated by a vapor-phase activated carbon
treatment system. The efficiency of activated carbon adsorption systems for removing
organic contaminants ranges from 50-99 percent. Condensate from the condenser is
processed through a phase separator where the non-aqueous phase organic component is
separated and disposed of or recycled. The remaining water is then processed through
activated carbon and used to rehumidify treated soil.
Treatment temperature is a key parameter affecting the degree of treatment of organic
components. The required treatment temperature depends upon the specific types of
petroleum contamination in the soil. The actual temperature achieved by an L TTD system
is a function of the moisture content and heat capacity of the soil, soil particle size, and the
heat transfer and mixing characteristics of the thermal desorber.
Residence time is a key parameter affecting the degree to which decontamination is
achievable. Residence time depends upon the design and operation of the system,
characteristics of the contaminants and the soil, and the degree of treatment required.
Advantages and Disadvantages
I Advantages II Disadvantages
Readily available equipment for onsite or Requires excavation of soils; generally
offsite treatment. limited to 25 feet below land surface.
Very rapid treatment time; most commercial Onsite treatment will require significant
systems capable of over 25 tons per hour land area to locate L TTD unit and store
throughput. process soils.
Cost competitive for large volumes (greater Offsite treatment will require costly than 1,000 yd3) of soils: $30-70/ton of
contaminated soil, exclusive of ex_cavation and transportation of soils and possibly
transportation costs. manifesting.
Can be used to mitigate "hot spot" source Soils excavated from below the areas with very high concentrations of groundwater table require dewatering petroleum hydrocarbons. prior to treatment because of high
I
http://www.epa.gov/swerust l /cat/lttd.htm 7/5/2006
Low-Temperature Thermal De.ion • Page 6 of6
!moisture content.
Easily combinable with other technologies,
such as air sparging or groundwater extraction.
Treated soil can be redeposited onsite or used
for landfill cover (if permitted by a regulatory
agency).
Can consistently reduce TPH to below 10 ppm
and BTEX below 100 ppb (and sometimes
lower).
References
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 1992. Low-temperature Thermal Treatment
Technology: Applications Analysis Report. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. EPA, Office of Research
and Development. EPA/540/AR-92/019.
I
Troxler, W.L., J.J. Cudahy, R.P. Zink, and S.I. Rosenthal. 1994. Thermal Desorption
Applications Manual for Treating Nonhazardous Petroleum Contaminated Soils. Cincinnati,
OH: U.S. EPA, Office of Research and Development.
Anderson, W.C., ed. 1993. Innovative Site Remediation Technology: Thermal Desorption,
Volume 6. Washington, D.C.: U.S. EPA, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
EPA 542-6-93-011.
Additional Information
• Glossary
http:/ /www.cpa.gov/swerust I /eat/lttd.htm
Ef:'A.fjome I ~rivacy_an_d_Securjty_Notice I Contact.Us
Last updated on Thursday, March 9th, 2006
URL: http://www.epa.gov/swerust1 /caVlttd.htm
7/5/2006
• •
A TT A CHM ENT A-2
A CITIZEN'S GUIDE TO THERMAL DESORPTION
UNITED ST A TES ENVIRONMENT AL PROTECTION AGENCY
Golder Associates
~EPA
0
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
• Office of Solid Waste and
Emergency Response
(5102G)
A Citizen's Guide
to Thermal Desorption
EPA 542-F-01-003
April 2001
www.epa.gov/superfund/sites
www.cluin.org
~ The Citizen's Guide Series I
I
EPA uses many methods to clean up pollution at Superfund and other sites. If you live, work, or go to school
near a Superf und site, you may want to know more about cleanup methods. Perhaps they are being used cir are
proposed for use at your site. How do they work? Are they safe? This Citizen's Guide is one in a series to help
'· . / answer your questions . ....
/
What is therff!al desorption?
Thermal desorption removes hannful chemicals from soil and other materials (like sludge and
sediment) by using heat to change the chemicals into gases. These gases are collected with
special equipment. The dust and harmful chemicals are separated from the gases and dis-
posed of safely. The clean soil is returned to the site. Thermal desorption is not the same as
incineration, which uses heat to destroy the chemicals.
How does it work?
Thermal desorption uses equipment called a desorberto clean polluted soil. Soil is exca-
vated and placed in the desorber. The desorber works like a large oven. When the soil gets
hot enough, the harmful chemicals evaporate. To get the soil ready for the desorber, workers
may need to crush it, dry it, blend it with sand, or remove debris. This allows the desorber to
clean the soil more evenly and easily.
~
polluted soil
gases r
desorber
gas
collection
equipment
clean air
released
"
cleaned soil
tested for
pollution
harmful
chemicals
disposed
~••-----c_le_an_so_il _ _, polluted soil disposed of safely '--=='-'-''---+ or cleaned using
another method
returned to site
For more
information
write the Technology
Innovation Office at:
U.S. EPA (5102G)
1200 Pennsylvania Ave.,
NW
Washington, DC 20460
or call them at
(703) 603-99 IO.
Further infonnation also
can be obtained at
www.cluin.org or
www.epa.gov/
superfund/sitcs.
2
•
During each step of the process, workers use special equipment to control dust from the soil
and collect harmful gases that are released to the air. The polluted gases are separated from the
clean air using gas collection equipment. The gases are then changed back into liquids and/or
solid materials. These polluted liquids or solids are disposed of safely.
Before returning the cleaned soil to the site, workers may spray it with water to cool it and
control dust. If the soil still contains hannful chemicals, workers clean it further by placing it
back in the desorber. Or they may try other cleanup methods instead. If the soil is clean, it is
returned to the site. If the soil is not clean, it is sent to a landfill.
Is thermal desorption safe?
Thermal desorption has been used at many sites over the years. EPA makes sure that materials
are handled safely at each stage of the process. EPA tests the air to make sure that dust and
gases are not released to the air in harmful amounts. EPA also tests the soil to be sure it is clean
before it is returned to the site. All equipment must meet federal, state, and local standards.
How long will it take ?
Thennal desorption systems can clean over 20 tons of polluted soil
per hour. The time it takes to clean up a site using thermal desorption
depends on:
• the amount of polluted soil
~<l
• the condition of the soil (Is it wet or dry? Does it contain a lot of debris?)
• type and amounts of harmful chemicals present 6 )
Cleanup can take only a few weeks at small sites with small amounts of chemicals. If the site
is large and the chemical levels are high, cleanup can take years. \...,/ / (
Why use thermal desorption?
Thennal desorption works well at sites with dry soil and certain types of pollution, such as fuel oil,
coal tar, chemicals that preserve wood, and solvents. Sometimes thermal desorption works where
some other cleanup methods cannot-such as al sites that have a lot of pollution in the soil.
0
Thermal desorption can be a faster cleanup method than most. This is important if a polluted site
needs to be cleaned up quickly so it can be used for other purposes. The equipment for thennal
desorption often costs less to build and operate than equipment for other cleanup methods using
heat. EPA has selected thermal desorption to clean up 59 Superfund sites.
NOTE: This fact sheet is intended :m/ely as general guidance arui infonnation to the public. It iJ not inteniled, nor can it be relied
upo11, to create any rights enforceable J:,y cmy parry i11 litigcJtion with the Ur1ited States, or lO endorse the use of products or services
provided by specific vendors. The Agency also reserves the right to d1ange 1his Jae/ sheet at any time without public notice.
• Golder Associates Inc.
3730 Chamblee Tucker Raad
Mania, GA USA 30341
Telephone (77[]) 496-1893
fax (770) 93<-9476 ·
April 28, 2006
'D
~ ., -~
~Go1
~ · ¥ !111.ler
'.Associates
053-3184
United States Environmental Agency
61 Forsyth Street S.W.
4f,4fr II 2 . .
Atlanta, GA 30303 .
Attn: Mr. Luis Flores
RE: WARD TRANSFOR.t\IBR SITE REMOVAL ACTION
RESPONSE TO NCDENR COMMENTS ON THE
MARCH 2006 REMOVAL ACTION PLAN
Gentlemen:
On behalf of the Ward Transformer Site Trust (Trust), Golder Associates Inc (Golder) is
submitting responses to the North Carolina Department of the Environment and Natural
Resources (NCDENR) comments of April 7, 2006, on the March 17, 2006 Removal Action Plan
(RAP), the Storrnwater Pollution Prevention Plan (SPPP) and the Health and Safety Plan (HASP)
for the _Ward Transformer Superfund Site. NCDENR's comments were submitted to the Trust
and Golder by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) on April 10, 2006.
Several of the NCDENR comments encompassed similar general issues. In these responses,
individual comment responses are listed first followed by those for the combined comments.
RAP Comments
2. NC Division of Water Quality (DWQ) requests that the drainage feature that receives
effluent from the treatment system, which EPA designated as Reach A of the unnamed tributary·
to Little Briar Creek, be sampled. EPA has sampled Reach A and has provided the data to
NCDENR. .
4. NC DWQ requests that the PCB-impacted sediments throughout Reach A be removed.
Reach A will be included in the Removal Action as indicated in the RAP,
7. NC DWQ notes that Ward should request a rescission of its NPDES permit at the
completion of the Removal Action, This comment has been passed on to Mr. Ward for his action,
Comment# 7 also notes that drums of sludge referenced in the NPDES permit be removed from
the site. Treatment plant sludge removal will be noted in the RAP, The remainder of comment#
7 is addressed in the general comments below.
10. Monitoring of the Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan (SPPP) will be specifically listed.
in the Construction Quality Assurance Pl.an (CQAP) components.
IL Monitoring compliance with the SPPP will be specifically added to the list of CQA tasks
that were included on pages 29 and 30 of the March 17, 2006, RAP. ··
OFFICES ACROSS AFRICA, ASIA, AUSTRALIA, EUROPE, NOATI-1 AMERICA AND SOUTH AMERICA
• United States Environmental Protection Agency
Mr. Luis Flores • 2 • • April 28, 2006
053-3184
12. SPPP records will be emphasized by including them as part of the Dally Summary Report
list that was included on page 31 of the March 17, 2006, RAP.
I 13. · A summary of the SPPP,:,c6mpliance records will be included in the Construction ·,\r\1,, Completion Report. ...,.,... ·' , • \ \.I \
.......-:-~\ ' i \ t .,,.. "\ ' . ' '(' . .
Spppc ...--<., ,._ ','•._;-\. \\. onunents ;.,.. , , ...
.. ~ , ,:;, _,,. 1•1 \
I. \\St~id, ~d local permits are. ,not. 'required for Superfui1d actions. A copy of the '~ ' . • • _,.. ' • \ f , l-. NCG0IOOOO', General Penni!• is1,pro,videil,•in the SPPP for the Removal Action Contractor's
(RAC's): inf6rhiation inc"ariying ·.~ut ~its activities in general compliance with the permit
requirements. \.. r \ <& 1/'' ,1\\\~~"•,:,. .. ·
2. Sectiok9.0 of the RAP and Section 4.1.1 Spill Prevention and Res11onse Plan of the SPPP
will indicate that, despite best efforts, in the event that there is an escape or potential escape of
sediment from the removal activities the sediment will be removed from the impacted area. If the
escaped material is from areas that are undergoing excavation for removal, and thupm;iy haye
been PCB'impacted, the collected sediment will be sampled and analyzed and properly disposed
of based on the analysis results. The surface material at the impacted area will also be sampled
for PCB analysis and if impacted will be removed or cleaned to a PCB concentration of 1 mg/kg
or less. Escaped sediment from areas where soil Removal Action has been com11leted will be
removed and replaced at the Site, but these materials and the original surface materials at these
locations wiil not be sampled for analysis.
3. See response to SPPP comment# 2.
5. Section 4.5.2 of the SPPP (page 19 of the March 17. 2006, draft) will be revised to note
that if the inspection indicates that the SPPP should be revised, that the revision will be
com11letcd within three working days of the inspection and that improvements wilt be
implemented within two working days thereafter.
6. See response to SPPP comment # 1.
HASP Comment
Life vests will be included on the list of PPE in Table 8-1 of the HASP.
Response to other NCDENR comments on the RAP and SPPP
The NCDENR comments other than those addressed above encompassed the same general issue,
which is that NCDENR requests that an Erosion and Sediment Control Plan (E&SC Plan) be
prepared and reviewed by them (i.e., that NCDENR be "included in the review loop"), and that
the "party responsible for clean up proceed through the.normal permitting process." NCDENR
also noted that, although the City of Raleigh runs a delegated program for erosion and sediment
control, the E&SC Plan review for the Ward Site would be conducted by the NC Division of
Land Resources (DLR). NCDENR SPPP Comment # 4 requests that the E&SC Plan be
submitted 30 days prior to construction.for DLR and DWQ review and approval.
The SPPP was prepared as guidance for the RAC in preparation of its E&SC Plan so that the plan
would meet the substantive requiremen·ts of the NC General Permit However, as noted in the ·
response to NCDENR SPPP Comment # I, it was not intended that the RAC would submit a
permit application for review and approval, nor does the Removal Action schedule contemplate a
30-day review period prior to construction. CERCLA does not require that state and local
Golder Associoles
..
United States Environm-1 Protection Agency
Mr. Luis Flores -3 -• April 28, 2006
.053-3184
permits be obtained for on-Site elements of remediation. The Removal Action is "time critical"
and the RAP schedule does not contemplate submittal of ES&C plans to NCDENR, nor does it
contemplate a protracted review and approval period for such plans.
Given the above and to demonstrate that the work will be conducted to meet the CERCLA and
NCP required permit equivalency regarding sediment and erosion control. the Ward Trust
proposes to address the NCDENR's comments regarding sediment and erosion control, the Ward
Trust proposes that Golder prepare an Example E&SC Plan for submittal to the EPA based on
removal area divisions that it estimates to be reasonable based on present data. EPA must realize
that the RAC may elect, or Site conditions lllllY dictate, that the work progress in a different
manner than what will be included in the Example E&SC Plan. However, the RAC will be
required to use the concepts illustrated in the Example E&SC Plan in developing its E&SC Plan.
The RAC' s E&SC Plan will also be submitted to EPA as it is developed.
As indicated in Section 8.0 of the RAP, the properties not owned or controlled by Ward would be
backfiHed and graded in a like manner as ex:ists prior to the Removal Action. Therefore, drainage
patterns at and from these areas will be the same as existed prior to the Removal Action. The
final grading plan for the Ward Transformer facility, including the lagoon area, is to be developed
based on the amou~t of excavation required for the Removal Action. As indicated in Section 8.0
of the RAP. a preliminary grading plan is to be developed prior to final excavation. However, to
address the NCDENR comments, a preliminary grading plan will be included in the Example
E&SC Plan to illustrate final drainage patterns and to illustrate conceptual stormwater control for
the final grading. If temporary sediment control structures, such as sediment ponds, are required
for the preliminary final grading plan they will be designed for the 25-year, 24-hour storm event
as noted in the NCDENR SPPP Comment # I. The Ward Trust notes, however, that existing
drainage features that are not part of the Ward Facility final grading plan arc to be replaced in-
kind, and therefore will not be checked or designed for a particular storm event.
Should there be any questions regarding these responses, please contact the undersigned or the
Trust's Project Coordinator, Mr. William G. Weir of CONSOL Energy Inc., at [phone].
GOLDER ASSOCIATES C.
"~'eo/'.0-h~
GHC:
cc: William G. Weir, CONSOL Energy Inc.
Daniel M. Darragh, Cohen & Grigsby
File: Wnrd Trust 04-28-06 Response to NCDENR RAP Comments of April 7, 2006.doc
Golder Associates
Contract No.
TDD No.
Date Prepared
DCN
Work Order No.
•
SITE-SPECIFIC SAMPLING PLAN
DOWNSTREAM SAMPLING 2006
WARD TRANSFORMER SITE
RALEIGH, WAKE COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
EPA ID No. NCD003202603
Revision 3
Prepared for
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Region 4
Atlanta, Georgia 30303
EPA Work Assignment Manager
Telephone No.
68-W -00-123
4W-05-09-A-00IC
February 23, 2006
WSI-WT2-00l3
12587.001 .001.0336
Luis Flores
404-562-8807
Prepared by
START Project Manager
Telephone No.
Approved:
t7{58#dL..
Alexis K. Ande
START-2 Site Assessment Coordinator/Quality
Assurance Reviewer
Weston Solutions, Inc. -START-2
Paul H. Schrot
919-424-2245
K:\EPA START 12587\0336 Ward Transfom1er NPL Site\Repons\Ward Transfom1er SSSP _ Downstrcam_Rcv J_Final.wpd
CONTENTS
Section
•
Site-Specific Sampling Plan -Downstream Sampling 2006
Ward Transfonncr Site
Revision 3
Date: February 23, 2006
DCN: WSI-WJ'2-00\3
Page
1.0 INTRODUCTION ............................................................. 1
2.0 SITE BACKGROUND ......................................................... 2
2.1 SITE DESCRIPTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
3.0 SAMPLING PLAN ............................................................ 3
3.1 SOIL SAMPLING ...................................................... 4
3 .1.1 13rier Creek Reservoir Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3 .1.2 Lake Crabtree Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.1.3 Soil Sampling Protocol ............................................ 6
3.2 SEDIMENT SAMPLING ................................................ 7
3.2.1 Little 13rier Creek -Reach D ........................................ 7
3.2.2 13rier Creek Reservoir Area ......................................... 8
3.2.3 Lake Crabtree Area ............................................... 8
3.2.4 Crabtree Creek -Upstream of Lake Crabtree ........................... 9
3.2.5 Crabtree Creek -Downstream of Lake Crabtree ......................... 9
3.2.5.1 Fall 2005 Fish Sample Locations ............................ 10
3.2.5.2 Lassiter Mill Dam ........................................ 10
3.2.5.3 Wetland Area at Raleigh 13oulevard/Buckeye Trail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
3.2.5.4 Crabtree Creek Tributaries ................................. 11
3.2.5.5 Mouth/Confluence with Neuse River ......................... 11
3.2.6 Neuse River Area ............ · .................................... 12
3.2. 7 Sediment Sampling Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
3.3 SURFACE WATER SAMPLING ......................................... 13
3.3.1 Lake Crabtree Area .............................................. 13
3.3.2 Surface Water Sampling Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
3.4 AQUATIC 131OTA SAMPLING .......................................... 14
3.4.1 Fish Sampling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
3.4.2 Fish Sampling Protocol ........................................... 16
3.5 QUALITY ASSURANCE/QUALITY CONTROL SAMPLING ................. 16
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Sitc-Spccilic Sampling Plan -Downstream Sampling 2006
Ward Transformer Site
Revision 3
Date: February 23, 2006
DCN: WSI-Wf2-0013
CONTENTS (Concluded)
Section
4.0 FIELD WORK SUMMARY .................................................... 17
5.0 DISPOSAL OF INVESTIGATION-DERIVED WASTE ............................. 17
REFERENCES .................................................................... 19
APPENDICES
Appendix A -FIGURES
Figures
I SITE MAP
2 SAMPLING LOCATIONS -BRIER CREEK RESERVOIR AREA
3 SAMPLING LOCATIONS -LAKE CRABTREE AREA
4 SAMPLING LOCATIONS -CRABTREE CREEK TO NEUSE RIVER
5 SAMPLING LOCATIONS -REACH D OF LITTLE BRIER CREEK
Appendix B -TABLES
SOIL SAMPLING LOCATIONS AND RATIONALE
2 SEDIMENT SAMPLING LOCATIONS AND RATIONALE
3 SURFACE WATER SAMPLING LOCATIONS AND RATIONALE
4 AQUATIC BIOTA SAMPLING LOCATIONS AND RATIONALE
5 QUALITY ASSURANCE AND QUALITY CONTROL SAMPLING PLAN
6 ANALYSES, REQUIRED SAMPLE CONTAINERS, AND PRESERVATIVES
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•
Site-Specific Sampling Plan -Downstream Sampling 2006
Ward Transformer Site
Revision 3
Date: February 23, 2006
DCN: WSI-Wl'2-0013
1.0 INTRODUCTION
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has tasked Weston Solutions, Inc. (Weston) Superfund
Technical Assessment and Response Team-2 (ST ART-2) to conduct additional sampling activities related
to the Ward Transformer National Priorities List (NPL) Site, under Contract Number (No.) 68-W-00-123,
Technical Direction Document No. 4W-05-09-A-001. The general purpose of the sampling is to support the
ongoing Remedial Investigation (RI) and associated Risk Assessments, including the Baseline Human Health
Risk Assessment (BHHRA) and the Baseline Ecological Risk Assessment (BERA), being completed for the
Ward Transformer NPL Site. The RI and associated Risk Assessments are being completed by Weston, on
behalf of EPA, via Remedial Action Contract (RAC) No. 68-W?-00-26 (Ref. 1 ).
Based on the results from the Rl and input from the local community/stakeholders, additional environmental
samples will be collected in the vicinity of Little Brier Creek, Brier Creek Reservoir, Lake Crabtree, Crabtree
Creek, and the Neuse River, to further characterize potential human health and ecological risk associated with
site-related contaminants. The results of this additional sampling, along with the Rl/BHHRNBERA for the
Ward Transformer NPL Site, will be used to develop remedial alternatives in the Feasibility Study (FS) to
address contamination that poses unacceptable risks to human health and the environment.
All activities and procedures discussed and described in this site-specific sampling plan (SSSP) will be
presented and conducted in accordance with the EPA Region 4-approved Weston START-2 Quality
Management Plan (QMP), the EPA Region 4 Science and Ecosystems Support Division (SESD)
Environmental Investigations Standard Operating Procedures Quality Assurance Manual (EISOPQAM), and
the EPA Region 4 Emergency Response and Removal Branch (ERRB) Quality Assurance Project Plan
(QAPP) (Refs. 2; 3; 4).
Objectives of the SSSP include the following:
Brieny discuss the site background information. Section 2.0 describes the site;
Identify the numbers and types of samples, describe the sampling rationale, and discuss the sampling
methodology. Section 3.0 describes the sampling locations and methodology;
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I.
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Site-Specific Samplin!!; Plan -Downstream Sampling 2006
Ward Transformer Site
Revision 3
Date: February 23, 2006
DCN: WSJ-Wf2-0013
Ensure that all Data Quality Objectives (DQO) will be developed in accordance with prescribed
guidance documents, including the EPA Region 4 EISOPQAM, and the EPA Region 4 ERRB QAPP
(Refs. 3; 4). These DQOs specifically apply to sampling locations, sample types, sampling
procedures, use of data, and quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) samples (Ref. 3).
2.0 SITE BACKGROUND
This section briefly describes the site and surrounding properties. In an effort to streamline this SSSP, please
refer to the September 2004 Ward Transformer Site Revised Remedial Investigation and Risk Assessment
Report (RI Report) for detailed information related to the site, such as current and past operations, including
waste disposal practices and regulatory history; geology and hydrogeology; previous environmental
investigations; on-site source areas; and the ecological setting (Ref. I).
2.1 SITE DESCRIPTION
The Ward Transformer facility is located along Mount Herman Road, north of Aviation Parkway, in a
predominantly industrial area of Raleigh, Wake County, North Carolina. The facility is located 600 feet (ft)
south of the Northern Wake Expressway/Interstate (1)-540 (outer loop), 1,000 ft southwest of U.S. Highway
70, and is adjacent to and east of property owned by the Raleigh-Durham International Airport. The northern
portion of the property is occupied by a building, now vacant, that was leased circa 1976 to 2002 to Horizon
Forest Products, a lumber supply business. Estes Transport Co., a trucking company, leases the pr_operty to
the south (see Figure l, Site Layout Map, located in Appendix A of this SSSP). The Triangle Coatings
facility, a plastic and metal parts painting company, and Visara International, Inc. occupy properties located
across Mount Herman Road and east of the site (Ref. I).
The facility was built on approximately 11 acres of previously undeveloped land in 1964 and electrical
transformers have been reconditioned at the site since that time. The property contains a reconditioning
facility, offices, transformer storage yard, and stormwater management lagoon. From 1964 through 1978,
some of the transformers received at the facility contained PCB-containing insulating oil. Numerous
environmental investigations conducted over the past 25 years have documented the release of PCBs at the
Ward Transformer Site and the migration of PCBs downstream of the property (Ref. 1 ).
K:\EPA START 12587\0336 Ward Transformer NPL Site\Rcpons\Wanl Transformer SSSP _ Downs1rcam_Rcv 3_Final.wpd
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Site-Spccilic Sampling Plan -Downstream Sampling 2006
Ward Transformer Site
Revision J
Date: February 23, 2006
DCN, WSI-WrZ-0013
The Ward Transformer Site (CERCLIS No. NCD003202603) is active and is owned by Ward Transformer
Sales & Service. Prior to circa 1996, the site was owned by another Ward family corporation (e.g., Ward
Transformer Company). The Ward Transformer Site was proposed to be included on the NPL on September
5, 2002. Final listing occurred on April 30, 2003 (Ref. I).
3.0 SAMPLING PLAN
The purpose of this SSSP is to describe and document the planned environmental sampling that is being
conducted along the Ward Transformer property's downstream surface water migration pathway to further
characterize potential human health and ecological risk associated with site-related contaminants. This SSSP
was developed in response to concerns expressed by the local community/stakeholders (Refs. 15-18). A
separate SSSP for Reach A Sampling, Revision 2, dated 08 December 2005, describes sampling activities
conducted along the unnamed tributary to Little Brier Creek (Reach A), located immediately downstream of
the Ward Transformer facility.
This SSSP describes the collec_tion of soil, sediment, surface water, and fish samples from locations in and
adjacent to the downstream surface water migration pathway for the Ward Transformer property. Sample
locations in this SSSP are illustrated on Figures 2, 3, 4, and 5, located in Appendix A of this SSSP. In
addition, these figures a !so illustrate various previous RI sediment and fish sample locations and their
associated Aroclor 1260 concentration. Tables I through 5 in Appendix 13 of this SSSP identify the number
of samples, iypes of samples to be collected, and the rationale for each sampling location. Table 6 in
Appendix B of this SSSP presents laboratory analyses for each sample matrix, as well as the appropriate
sample containers and preservatives.
Soil, sediment, surface water, and fish samples will be submitted to EPA Contract Laboratory Program (CLP)
laboratories and analyzed for low-level total PCI3s (Aroclors) in accordance with EPA's CLP Statement of
Work (SOW) for Multi-Media, Multi-Concentration, Organic Analytical Services for Superfund (SOMO!. I).
In addition, a subset of samples will also be analyzed for low-level PCB Congeners in accordance with EPA's
CLP SOW for Multi-Media, Multi-Concentration Chlorinated 13iphenyl Congeners (CBC) Analytical Service
for Superfund (Refs. 5; 10). Based on field conditions, within each area of interest, soil and/or sediment
samples collected from the Oto I-foot depth interval and analyzed for PCB Congeners may also be analyzed
K:\EPA START 12587\0336 Ward Transfonner NPL Sitc\Rcports\Ward Transfom1er SSSP _ Downstrean1_Rcv 3_Final.wpd
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Site-Specific Sampling Plan -Downstream Sampling 2006
Ward Transfonncr Site
Revision 3
Date: February 23, 2006
DCN: WSI-WT2-00IJ
for total organic carbon (TOC) and grain size (GSA). All fish samples will also be analyzed for percent lipids
if adequate sample volume is available. One at-depth sediment sample collected from Brier Creek Reservoir
and one at-depth sediment sample collected from Lake Crabtree will be submitted to EPA CLP laboratories
and analyzed for EPA Target Compound List (TCL) volatile organic compounds (VOC), semivolatile organic
compounds (SVOC), and pesticides; and complete Target Analyte List (TAL) metals and cyanide.
Laboratory QA/QC procedures will be conducted in accordance with the EPA EISOPQAM, and the National
Functional Guidelines and Data Validation Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for CLP Routine
Analytical Services, Version 2.1 (Refs. 3; 7-8).
Sections 3.1 through 3.4 provide details on soil, sediment, surface water, and aquatic biota samples,
respectively, to be collected during the investigation. Section 3.5 discusses additional QA/QC samples which
will be collected as required by the EPA EISOPQAM (Ref. 3).
3.1 SOIL SAMPLING
This SSSP describes the collection of 20 soil samples, including two duplicates, from the lloodplain of
surface water bodies downstream of the Ward Transformer property. The soil samples are being collected
to determine if lloodplain soils have been impacted by site-related contaminants and if they contain PCB
concentrations that may pose an unacceptable risk to human health and/or ecological receptors. Sample
locations will target relatively high-use recreational areas (e.g., fishing, hiking, biking, athletic fields, etc.)
of the Brier Creek Reservoir and Lake Crabtree floodplain, focusing on potential depositional areas where
contaminants would tend to accumulate.
Figures 2 and 3 in Appendix A of this SSSP illustrate the locations for the soil samples to be collected. Table
I in Appendix B lists the locations and rationale for the soil sample collection. Several background soil
samples have been collected as part of previous sampling events associated with the RI. Consequently, this
SSSP does not include the collection of additional background soil samples. The soil samples to be collected
are discussed in detail in the subsections below. These locations may vary based on field conditions and
characteristics at the time of sampling.
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3.1.1 Brier Creek Reservoir Area
•
Site-Specific Sampling Plan -Downstream Sampling 2006
Ward Transfonner Site
Revision 3
Date: February 23, 2006
DCN: WSI-WI'2-0013
Four soil samples will be collected from the Little Brier Creek and Brier Creek Reservoir floodplain to assess
depositional areas potentially accessed and used for shoreline recreational fishing. One composite soil sample
will be collected from three discrete subsampling locations in the Little Brier Creek floodplain, immediately
upstream of Globe Road. The three remaining soil samples will be collected from the Brier Creek Reservoir
floodplain and will consist of three composite samples collected from three discrete subsampling locations
each.
3.1.2 Lake Crabtree Arca
A total of I 4 composite and grab soil samples, including two duplicates, will be collected from the Lake
Crabtree and Crabtree Creek floodplain. Two grab soil samples will be collected from floodplain soils in
Lake Crabtree Sector A, west-northwest of Aviation Parkway. This area is reported to be used by ecological
receptors, and sample locations will be selected in the field, targeting depositional areas where contamination
is likely to be highest.
Six composite soil samples will be collected from high-use recreational areas in the floodplain at Lake
Crabtree County Park, including the following:
Three composite soil samples, each from nine discrete subsampling locations collected from the Open
Play area, located adjacent to the Water Wise Garden, volleyball courts, and parking area;
One composite soil sample from three discrete subsampling locations collected from the vicinity of
the boat-rental/beach area;
One composite soil sample from three discrete sampling locations collected from the public boat
ramp area;
One composite soil sample from three discrete sampling locations collected from the car-top boat
launching area.
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Site-Specific Sampling Plan -Downstream Sampling 2006
Ward Transfonner Site
Revision 3
Date: February 23, 2006
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Four grab soil samples will be collected from the Lake Crabtree floodplain in areas used for biking,
recreational shoreline fishing, and walking/hiking. These samples will be located in the vicinity of Lake
Crabtree County Park's Lake Trail, the Lake Crabtree Dam's spillway, and the 13lack Creek Greenway.
One composite soil sample from nine discrete subsampling locations will be collected from the Lake Crabtree
floodplain, along its southern shoreline. The specific sample location will target an undeveloped parcel that
has a probability of being re-zoned for future residential development, in order to assess potential
contamination in a floodplain area potentially accessed by residential populations.
One composite soil sample will be collected from nine discrete subsampling locations in the Crabtree Creek
floodplain, located upstream of Lake Crabtree at an athletic field at the Cedar Fork District Park.
3.1.3 Soil Sampling Protocol
All soil samples will be collected from a depth of0-to I-ft below grade using a stainless-steel hand auger and
a stainless-steel trowel. All the samples will be collected from the floodplain of surface water bodies
downstream of the Ward Transformer property. Jfnative soil deposits are not observed within the Oto I-foot
depth interval (i.e., greater than I-foot of non-native floodplain sediments), then samples may be collected
at a depth of greater than I-foot.
Soil samples will be homogenized by mixing in a stainless-steel bowl before being transferred to the
appropriate sample containers. For composite samples, discrete, equal samples will be collected on an areal
basis and homogenized into a single sample. Aliquots will be spaced at 25-foot intervals and be collected
in an identical manner. The number of aliquots comprising a composite sample will be based on the areal
extent of the sampling location and, as a result, may be adjusted at that time of sampling.
Decontaminated sample collection equipment will be used ate ach sample I ocation to minimize cross-
contamination. All samples will be collected and placed on ice in accordance with the EPA EISOPQAM and
shipped by courier or hand-delivered to predesignated EPA CLP laboratories (Ref. 3). All soil samples will
be analyzed for total PCl3s (Aroclors). In addition, one soil sample will be analyzed for PCB Congeners,
TOC, and GSA.
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Site-Specific Sampling Plan -Downstream Sampling 2006
Ward Transfonncr Site
Revision 3
Date: February 23, 2006
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Soil sample characteristics will be noted in the field logbook for each soil sample collected. After sampling
locations have been identified, field staff will record the locations using a Global Positioning System (GPS)
unit. In addition, all sample location will be photodocumented and recorded in the field logbook.
3.2 SEDIMENT SAMPLING
This SSSP describes the collection of 45 sediment samples, including four duplicates, at locations
downstream from the Ward Transformer property, in order to further refine the estimated extent and
magnitude of site-related contaminants. Sediment samples will be collected from Little Brier Creek, Brier
Creek Reservoir, Lake Crabtree, Crabtree Creek, two tributary streams to Crabtree Creek, and the Neuse
River, and will be focused on potential sediment depositional areas (current and historical) where site-related
contaminants would tend to accumulate.
Figures 2, 3, 4, and 5 in Appendix A illustrate the locations for the sediment samples to be collected, as well
as various previous RI sediment samples and their associated Aroclor 1260 analytical result. Table 2 in
Appendix B lists the locations and rationale for the sediment sample collection. Several background sediment
samples have been collected as part of previous sampling events associated with the RI. Consequently, this
SSSP does not propose the collection of additional background sediment samples. The sediment sample
locations are discussed in detail in the subsections below. These locations may vary based on field conditions
and characteristics at the time of sampling.
3.2.1 Little Brier Creek -Reach D
· Three sediment samples from three locations will be collected from Reach D, the portion of Little Brier Creek
located generally between 1-540 and Globe Road. The samples will be collected from the approximate center
of the stream channel at a depth of 1.0-to3.0-ft, in order to determine if contaminant concentrations in this
Reach increase with increasing sample depth. Sediment sample locations SD-32, SD-34, and SD-37,
originally sampled in November 2003, will be targeted for the three additional at-depth samples.
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3.2.2 Brier Creek Reservoir Area
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Sitc-Specilic Sampling Plan -Downsrream Sampling 2006
Ward Transformer Site
Revision)'
Date: February 23, 2006
DCN: WSI-Wf2-0013
Six sediment samples from three locations will be collected from Brier Creek Reservoir. Two sediment
samples will be collected from each location. One sample will be collected from a depth interval ofO-to 1-ft,
after which sediment cores will be advanced to the depth at which the original lake bottom material/deposits
can be estimated. Upon retrieval, sediment cores will be visually classified, including types and percentages
of grain sizes, grain angularity and composition, structures, moisture content, and color. Other pertinent
information, such as odor or staining, will be noted. Based on these observations, field team personnel will
use professional judgement in estimating the depth of the relic stream channels and/or floodplain.
The depositional materials from the depth interval of 1-ft to the original lake bottom will then be collected
and constitute the second sample at each of the three sample locations. The historical Little Brier Creek and
Brier Creek channels now submerged in Brier Creek Reservoir will be targeted for sediment sampling, since
sedimentation would have occurred along the channel over a longer period of time.
Sampling locations have been selected, and their associated geographic coordinates identified, using
geographic information system (GIS) data and computer software. Field staff will use GPS units to navigate
to the vicinity of the sampling locations. Samples will be attempted to be collected from the historical
channels to the extent that these relict channels can be located. If field t earn personnel a re unable to
successfully estimate the location of the relic stream channels and/or floodplain, as described in the above
paragraphs, the at-depth sediment samples will be collected from a depth interval of 1-to 3-ft.
3.2.3 Lake Crabtree Area
This SSSP describes the collection of 19 grab sediment samples from the area of Lake Crabtree. Two grab
sediment samples (one from the 0-to I-ft depth interval, and one from the 1-to 2-ft depth interval) will be
collected from a discrete location in Brier Creek, upstream and north of Lake Crabtree and Brier Creek's
confluence with Stirrup Iron Creek.
Four grab sediment samples from two locations will be collected from the wetland area located upstream of
Aviation Parkway. At each sediment location, one sample will be collected from a depth interval ofO-to I-ft,
after which sediment cores will be advanced to the depth at which the original lake bottom material/deposits
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Revision 3
Date: February 23, 2006
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can be estimated. The depositional materials from the depth interval of I-ft to the original lake bottom will
then be collected and constitute the second sample at each of the two sample locations. One of the sediment
coring locations in the wetland area will be advanced in the historical Brier Creek channel now submerged
in Lake Crabtree. Additionally, one surface water sample will be co-located with one of the sediment sample
locations. If field team personnel are unable to successfully estimate the location of the relic stream channels
and/or floodplain, as described in Section 3.2.2, the at-depth sample will be collected from a depth interval
of 1-to 3-ft.
Six grab sediment samples from three locations will be collected along or near the historical Little Brier Creek
and Crabtree Creek channels now submerged in Lake Crabtree. Sample locations and depths will be identical
to those described in the previous paragraph and in Section 3.2.2.
Four grab sediment samples from four locations will be collected from a depth interval of0-to I-ft in the
vicinity of the boat-rental/beach, public boat ramp, and car-top boat launching areas at Lake Crabtree County
Park. In addition, two surface water samples will be co-located with two of the sediment sample locations.
Three grab sediment samples from three locations will be collected from a depth interval of0-to I-ft near
areas used for recreational shoreline fishing, including in the vicinity of Black Creek's mouth and the Black
Creek Greenway, and Crabtree Creek's mouth and the Lake Crabtree County Park's Lake Trail.
3.2.4 Crabtree Creek -Upstream of Lake Crabtree
One grab sediment sample from one location in Crabtree Creek will be collected from a depth interval ofO-
to I-ft, upstream of Lake Crabtree between Evan's Road and Route 54, in order to assess potential PCB
loading to Lake Crabtree from other up gradient sources.
3.2.5 Crabtree Creek -Downstream of Lake Crabtree
Based in part on the analytical results of fish samples collected from Crabtree Creek downstream of Lake
Crabtree, additional sediment samples are needed in the area of Crabtree Creek in order to further refine the
estimated extent and magnitude of site-related contaminants. These locations and the rationale for collecting
the samples are discussed in greater detail in the sections below.
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3.2.5.1 Fall 2005 Fish Sample Locations
Site-Specific Sampling Plan• Downstream Sampling 2006
Ward Transfonncr Site
Revision 3
D:ite: February 23, 2006
DCN, WSI-WT2-00IJ
In August and September 2005, the North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources
(NCDENR) collected fish tissue samples at four locations along a length ofreach of Crabtree Creek between
William B. Umstead State Park and Wake Forest Road. Analytical results of the tissue samples revealed
appreciable concentrations (0.06 to 0.34 milligrams per kilogram [mg/kg] [equivalent to parts per million
{ppm}) of PCBs (Refs. 11; 12). As a result, in order to determine if sediment in these areas may be sources
of contamination, one sediment sample will be collected in the vicinity of each of the fish sample locations.
The samples will be collected from a depth interval of0-to I-ft. Previous sediment samples collected from
Crabtree Creek in fall 2004 as part of the RI (i.e., SD-46, SD-47, SD-48, and SD-49) did not reveal detectable
concentrations of PCB Aroclors (Ref. I).
3.2.5.2 Lassiter Mill Dam
Two grab sediment samples from one location will be collected from Crabtree Creek, located just upstream
of Lassiter Mill Dam, in an area used for recreational shoreline fishing. One sample will be collected from
a depth interval of0-to I-ft, and one sample will be collected from a depth interval of 1-to 4-ft, if possible.
The Lassiter Mill Dam is located approximately 18.5 miles downstream from the Ward Transformer facility
(approximately I 1.0 miles downstream from Lake Crabtree). In addition, construction of the Lassiter Mill
Dam pre-dates releases at the Ward Transformer property by over 50 years. However, given that the recent
(fall 2005) fish data do not show a consistent downward trend with increasing distance downstream from the
site, and that fish samples collected downstream of the dam reveal detectable concentrations of PCBs,
sediment samples will be collected from Crabtree Creek at locations downstream of the Lassiter Mill Dam,
in order to better delineate the downstream extent of contamination. Moreover, additional fish samples will
be collected and co-located with some of the additional sediment samples. The additional sediments samples
are discussed in greater detail below; and the additional fish sampling is discussed in Section 3.4 of this SSSP.
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3.2.5.3 Wetland Arca at Raleigh Boulevard/Buckeye Trail
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Site-Specific Sampling Plan -Downstream Sampling 2006
Ward Transformer Site
Revision 3
Date: February 23, 2006
DCN: WSI-Wf2-0013
One grab sediment sample from one location will be collected from a wetland area adjacent to Crabtree
Creek, located in the vicinity of Raleigh Boulevard and Milbumie Road, near the Buckeye Trail portion of
the Capital Area Greenway. Reportedly, human fishing activities occur in this area, and the wetland area is
an aquatic habitat for other receptors. In addition, this wetland is reported to trap a large amount of sediment
and nutrients (Ref. 13). As a result, if site-related contaminants have migrated to this downstream area of the
Crabtree Creek watershed, there is greater potential for detecting contaminants in the wetland sediments. The
sediment sample will be collected from a depth interval of0-to I-ft.
3.2.5.4 Crabtree Creek Tributaries
Two sediment sampling locations will be selected in two tributary streams to Crabtree Creek that are large
enough to support recreational fishing. The Crabtree Creek tributaries will be located generally between
William 13. Umstead State Park and Crabtree Creek's confluence with the Neuse River (i.e., Crabtree Creek's
mouth). The exact tributary streams to be sampled will be identified based on observations made during field
reconnaissance conducted by North Carolina Department of Water Quality (NC DWQ) personnel. Two of
the larger, more accessible creeks that contain obvious sediment depositional areas will be chosen. These
depositional areas could have higher contaminant levels in the sediment. In each of these two streams, one
sediment sample will be collected within 0.25 to 0.5 miles upstream of its confluence with Crabtree Creek.
The sediment sample will be collected from a depth interval ofO-to I-ft.
3.2.5.5 Mouth/Confluence with Neuse River
One grab sediment sample from one location will be collected from Crabtree Creek's mouth, within I mile
upstream of its confluence with the Neuse River, in the vicinity of Anderson Point Park, in order to further
refine the estimated extent and magnitude of site-related contaminants. The sample will be collected from
a depth interval of0-to I-ft.
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3.2.6 Neuse River Arca
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Site-SpeCific Sampling Plan -Downstream Sampling 2006
Ward Transformer Site
Revision 3
Date: February 23, 2006
DCN, WSI-Wr2-0013
Two grab sediment samples from two locations will be collected from the Neuse River, in the vicinity of its
confluence with Crabtree Creek. One sample will be collected from the Neuse River, approximately 2.5 miles
upstream of Crabtree Creek's mouth and upstream of the Milbumie Dam located on the Neuse River, in order
to establish reference concentrations for PCBs in rivers outside the Crabtree Creek watershed; and one sample
will be collected from the Neuse River in the vicinity of Poole Road, approximately 1.0 mile downstream of
the Neuse River's confluence with Crabtree Creek. The samples will be collected from a depth interval of
0-to 1-ft.
3.2.7 Sediment Sampling Protocol
Sediment samples will be collected from downstream to upstream locations to prevent disturbing subsequent
sampling locations. Those that are co-located with surface water locations will be collected after the surface
water has been sampled to minimize the entrainment of sediments in the surface water samples. Where
possible, sediment samples will be collected by wading into the waterbody. To avoid cross-contamination
and/or impacts from disturbance of the sediments, the sampler will remain downstream with respect to the
sample /ocation while collecting the sample. The sediment samples will be collected using a coring tube with
a polycarbonate sleeve, or stainless-steel hand auger. The coring method is preferable due to ease of use and
to prevent loss of fines. A coring tube will be used to collect sediments from deep water and where sediment
samples will be collected at multiple depths per each location. The corers will be pushed into the substrate
'' while rotating the handle. Areas with hard substrates will not be sampled for sediment quality should refusal
occur. The corer is then extracted from the sediment and the material from the sleeve is emptied into a
stainless-steel bowl and inspected. If needed, a sediment coring device will be used from a boat to sample
sediments from deep water sample locations in Brier Creek Reservoir, Lake Crabtree, Crabtree Creek, and
the Neuse River.
Sediment samples will be homogenized by mixing in a stainless-steel bowl before being transferred to the
appropriate sample containers. To maximize the percent solids in each sample, excess water will be slowly
decanted from the sample bowl to minimize loss of fine sediments. Decontaminated sample collection
equipment will be used at each sample location to minimize cross-contamination. All samples will be
collected and placed on ice in accordance with the EPA EISOPQAM (Ref. 3). The samples will be sent by
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Sitc-Spccilic Sampling Plan -Downstream Sampling 2006
Ward Transformer Site
Revision 3
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DCN: WSI-Wf2-0013
courier or hand-delivered to a predesignated EPA CLP laboratory. All sediment samples will be analyzed
for total PCBs (Aroclors), with a subset of samples collected from the 0-to I-ft depth interval also analyzed
for PCB Congeners, TOC, and GSA.
Sediment sample characteristics will be noted in the field logbook for each sediment sample collected. After
sampling locations have been identified, START-2 will record the locations using a GPS unit. In addition,
all sample location will be photodocumented and recorded in the field logbook.
3.3 SURFACE WATER SAMPLING
This SSSP describes the collection of four surface water samples, including a duplicate, from locations in
Lake Crabtree as an extension of surface water sampling collection upstream of Lake Crabtree.
Figure 3 in Appendix A of this SSSP illustrates the locations for the surface water samples to be collected.
Table 3 in Appendix B I ists the I ocations and rationale fort he surface waters amplest ob e collected.
Background surface water samples have been collected as part of previous sampling events associated with
the RI. Consequently, this SSSP does not propose the collection of additional background surface water
samples. The surface water sample locations are discussed in detail in the subsection below. These locations
may vary based on field conditions and characteristics at the time of sampling.
3.3.1 Lake Crabtree Area
One surface water sample will be collected from the wetland area located upstream of Aviation Parkway
(Sector A of Lake Crabtree). This surface water sample will be co-located with one of the sediment sample
to be collected from this area.
Three surface water samples. including a duplicate, will be collected from the vicinity of the boat-rental/beach
and public boat ramp areas at Lake Crabtree County Park (Sector A of Lake Crabtree). These surface water
samples will be co-located with sediment samples to be collected from these areas.
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3.3.2 Surface Water Sampling Protocol
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Site-Specific Sampling Plan -Downstream Sampling 2006
Ward Transfonncr Site
Revision 3
Date: February 23, 2006
DCN, WSI-Wr2-0013
Surface water samples will be collected from downstream to upstream to prevent disturbing subsequent
sampling locations. Field personnel will attempt to minimize the collection of suspended sediments during
sampling. Surface water samples will be collected directly into sample bottles whenever possible.
The sampler will wade into the water, face up-stream and collect the sample without disturbing the sediment.
If the water is too shallow to immerse the sample bottles, surface water will be collected in a stainless-steel
trowel and transferred into the sample bottle. All samples will be collected and placed on ice in accordance
with the EPA EISOPQAM (Ref. 3). The samples will be sent by courieror hand-delivered to a predesignated
EPA CLP laboratory. All surface water samples will be analyzed for total PCBs (Aroclors). In addition, a
subset of surface water samples will be analyzed for PCB Congeners.
Surface water sample characteristics will be noted in the field I ogbook for each surface water sample
collected. After sampling locations have been identified, START-2 will record the locations using a GPS
unit. In addition, all sample location will be photodocumented and recorded in the field logbook.
3.4 AQUATIC BIOTA SAMPLING
In order to further characterize potential human health and ecological risk associated with uptake of PCBs.
this SSSP describes the collection of additional fish from surface water bodies downstream of the Ward
Transformer property. Prior to field collections, a Scientific Collection Permit (SCP) will be obtained from
the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission (NCWRC).
Figures 2, 4, and 5 in Appendix A of this SSSP illustrate the general areas in which the fish samples will be
collected. Table 4 in Appendix B lists the locations and rationale for the fish samples to be collected. The
sample locations are discussed in detail in the subsections below. These locations may vary based on field
conditions and eharacteristies at the time of sampling.
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3.4.1 Fish Sampling
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Sitc-Specilic Sampling Plan -Downstream Sampling 2006
Ward Transfonncr Site
Revision 3
Date: February 23, 2006
DCN: WSI-Wf2-00\3
Whole body fish sampling from Brier Creek Reservoir will be performed in order to reduce uncertainties in
the ecological risk assessment for the Ward Transformer site. The subsequent data will be primarily used to
better evaluate the risks to bald eagles and other carnivorous raptors that use Brier Creek Reservoir for
foraging. Whole body composite samples consisting of3-to 5-fish each will be collected from largemouth
bass (Micropterus salmoides) and bullheads (Ameirus spp.) and analyzed for PCB Congeners and percent
lipids (if sufficient sample volume permits). This fish sampling will be conducted by Weston personnel.
Additional sampling and analysis of fish will be performed to characterize potential human risk associated
with consumption of fish by recreational angling in the watershed and to allow the State of North Carolina
to evaluate the extent of any fish consumption advisories deemed appropriate. In addition to sediment
sampling in various reaches and tributaries of Crabtree Creek above and below Lake Crabtree, and the Neuse
River, as discussed above, NC DWQ personnel will collect fish fillet tissue samples from the following areas:
A reach on Crabtree Creek upstream of Lake Crabtree, between Evan's Road and Route 54;
The wetland area reach on Crabtree Creek, located in the vicinity of Raleigh Boulevard;
The reach at Crabtree Creek's mouth, adjacent to Anderson Point Park;
Two tributary streams to Crabtree Creek that are large enough to support recreational fishing. In each
of these two streams, fish samples will be collected between 0.25 and 0.5 miles upstream of its
confluence with Crabtree Creek;
At reaches of the Neuse River approximately 2.5 miles above and 1.0 mile below the Crabtree Creek
confluence.
Composite fish samples from each reach will be prepared from six largemouth bass and six channel catfish
and analyzed for total PCBs (Aroclors) and percent lipids. In addition, for the sampling reach on Crabtree
Creek upstream of Lake Crabtree, between Evan's Road and Route 54, one composite fish sample will be
prepared from six sunfish and analyzed for total PCBs (Aroclors) and percent lipids. If field conditions
prevent the collection of the targeted species and/or number of samples, other large (i.e.,> 12 inches) fish
samples (e.g., bullhead) will be collected.
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3.4.3 Fish Sampling Protocol
•
Site-Specific Sampling Plan -Downstream Sampling 2006
Ward Transfonner Site
Revision 3
Date: February 23, 2006
DCN: WSI-Wr2-0013
In an effort to streamline this SSSP, please refer to the March 2003 Ward Transformer Site Sampling and
Analysis Plan and Site Management Plan, Revision I, for detailed information related to fish collection
methods, whole body processing, and sample preservation (Ref. 14).
3.5 QUALITY ASSURANCE/QUALITY CONTROL SAMPLING
All field activities, including collection ofQNQC samples, will be conducted in accordance with procedures
documented in the EPA EISOPQAM and National Functional Guidelines and Data Validation SOP for CLP
Routine Analytical Services, Version 2.1 (Refs. 3; 7; 8). Samples will be analyzed in accordance with EPA 's
CLP SOW for Organics Analysis (SOMO 1.1) and or SOW for Analysis of Chlorinated Bi phenyl Congeners
(CBC0l.l) (Refs. 5; IO). One rinsate blank sample will be collected from soil and sediment sampling
equipment for each week of sampling (or per 20 samples) as a QNQC measure of decontamination
procedures. Extra volume for one matrix spike/matrix spike duplicate (MS/MSD) will be included for each
· media sampled (or per 20 samples) as a QNQC measure of the laboratory analytical procedures. One
duplicate/replicate sample will be collected for each matrix sampled ( or per 10 samples) and each sample
collection technique employed, as a QNQC measure of laboratory analytical precision and field sampling
procedures. One trip blank sample for each shipment containing VOC samples will prepared, stored, shipped,
and analyzed for VOCs only as a QNQC measure for shipping and handling procedures.
QNQC samples will be analyzed for TCL VOCs, SVOCs, total PCBs (Aroclors), PCB congeners, and
pesticides; and complete TAL metals and cyanide. The trip blanks accompanying VOC samples will be
analyzed for VOCs only. Table 5 summarizes the QNQC samples that will be collected. Table 6 identifies
sample bottles, vials, and jars by analysis and by container type/size for each sample. Dedicated or
decontaminated sample collection equipment will be used at each sample location to minimize cross-
contamination.
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Site-Specific Sampling Plan• Do\llTlstream Sampling 2006
Ward Transfonner Site
Revision 3
Date: February 23, 2006
DCN, WSI-Wf2-00IJ
4.0 FIELD WORK SUMMARY
Sampling activities are tentatively scheduled to be conducted during February 2006, pending approval of the
SSSP. EPA has already obtained access agreements with the owners of the Ward Transformer Site, as well
with the owners of the areas along the downstream surface water migration pathway.
The field team leader may change the sampling locations and the number of samples in response to site
conditions at the time of the sampling visit. The START-2 health and safety protocol to be followed during
the assessment is described in the site health and safety plan (HASP). All specific training requirements for
personnel will be addressed in the HASP. Tentatively scheduled field learn members and their responsibilities
are as follows:
Name
Paul Schrot
Charlie Young
Robert Wagner
Ed Mackey
Lori Skidmore
Tara Rowland
Barry Peterson
Greg Ford
Role
Field Team Leader/Sample Coordinator/Site Health and Safety Coordinator (SHSC)
Sampler No. I
Sampler No. 2
Sampler No. 3
Sampler No. 4
Sampler No. 5
Sampler No. 6
Sampler No. 7
Sampler No. 8
Note: Field team members may vary based on workload priorities and schedules.
5.0 DISPOSAL OF INVESTIGATION-DERIVED WASTE
Investigation-derived wastes (IDW) will generally consist of disposable nitrile gloves, latex boot covers, and
paper towels. These items are used mainly to prevent cross-contamination, provide personal protection, and
provide sanitary conditions during sampling activities. In the unlikely event that contact with concentrated
wastes occurs, disposable gear will be placed into an appropriately labeled 55-gallon drum and securely
stored al the Ward Transformer facility, until sample analytical results are received. If analytical data reveal
contamination levels that require special handling, these wastes will be profiled and disposed ofby a licensed
transportation and disposal facility. Up to three months may be required to profile drum contents, contract
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Site-Specific Sampling Plan -Downstream Sampling 2006
Ward Transformer Site
Revision 3
Date; February 23, 2006
DCN: WSI-WT2-0013
a disposal firm, and remove the drums from the site. If, in the best professional judgment of the field team
leader, IDW can be rendered nonhazardous, the wastes will be double-bagged and deposited in an industrial
waste container, as directed in the EPA IDW Management Guidance Manual (Ref. 9).
IDW may also consist of decontamination fluids. Decontamination of non-dedicated sampling equipment
will be conducted in accordance with the site-specific HASP, which will accompany the field team to the
sampling locations, and applicable Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs). Decontaminated sample
collection equipment will be used at each sample location to minimize cross-contamination. Decontamination
will consist of a soap (a non-phosphate laboratory detergent) and tap water wash, a tap water rinse, followed
by a isopropanol rinse, a final deionized water rinse, followed by air drying. Decontamination fluids will be
containerized in an appropriately labeled 55-gallon drum, secured at the Ward Transformer facility, and
disposed of in accordance with applicable SOPs.
K:\EPA START 12587\0336 Ward Transfom1er NPL Site\Reports\Wilfd Tr.msformer SSSP _ Downstream_Rev 3_tina1.wpd
18
•
REFERENCES
•
Site-Specific Sampling Plan -Downstream Sampling 2006
Ward Transformer Site
Revision 3
Date: February 23, 2006
DCN: WSJ-WT2-0013
I. Weston Solutions, Inc. Revised Remedial Investigation and Risk Assessment Report for the Ward
Tra11sformer Site. Revision 2. Work Assignment No. 214-RICO-A4S4. September 2004.
2. Weston Solutions Inc., formerly Roy F. Weston, Inc. START-2 Quality Management Plan. May
2000.
3. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Science and Ecosystem Support Division Region 4.
Environmental Investigation Standard Operating Procedures and Quality Assurance Manual.
November 2001.
4. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Region 4. E mergency Response and Removal 13 ranch
Quality Assurance Project Plan. January 2002.
5. EPA. Contract Laboratory Program Statement of Work for Multi-Media, Multi-Concentration,
Organic Analytical Services for Superfund. SOMO 1.1. May 2005.
6. Reference reserved.
7. EPA. Contract Laboratory Program National Functional Guidelines for Organic Data Review.
OSWER 9240.1-0SA-P. Pl399-963506. EPA-540/R-99/008. October 1999.
8. EPA. Contract Laboratory Program National Functional Guidelines for Routine Analytical Services,
Revision 2.1, July 1999.
9. EPA. Guide to Management of Investigation-Derived Wastes. Publication: 9345.303FS. January
1992.
I 0. EPA. C ontract Laboratory Program Statement of Work for Analysis of Chlorinated 13 iphenyl
Congeners (CBC) Multi-Media, Multi-Concentration. Cl3C0I.0. May 2005.
11. Magee, 13. (Weston Solutions, Inc.). 2006. Electronic Mail (E-mail), and Attachment, to Mr. Paul
Schrot, Weston Solutions, Inc., RE: Advance of PCl3 results already in R4LIMS. 3 January.
12. Magee, 13. (Weston Solutions, Inc.). 2006. Electronic Mail (E-mail), and Attachment, to Mr. Paul
Schrot, Weston Solutions, Inc., RE: Crabtree Creek fish results. 6 January.
13. Magee, 13. (Weston Solutions, Inc.). 2006. Electronic Mail (E-mail) to Mr. Paul Schrot, Weston
Solutions, Inc., RE: Large Downstream Wetland. 6 January.
14. Weston Solutions, Inc. Ward Transformer Site Sampling and Analysis Plan and Site Management
Pla11. Revision I. Work Assignment No. 214-RICO-A4S4. March 2003.
K:\EPA START \2S87\0336 Ward Transfonner NPL Site\Rcports\Ward Transfom1er SSSP _ Downstrnm_Rev J_Final.wpd
19
•
Site-Specific Sampling Plan• Downstream Sampling 2006
Ward Transformer Site
Revision 3
Date: February 23, 2006
DCN: WSI-WT2-00IJ
REFERENCES (Concluded)
15. Ward, S. (U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service). 2005. Electronic Mail (E-mail), and Attachment, to Mr.
Paul Schrot, Weston Solutions, Inc., RE: Comments on SSSP Downstream Sampling (Revision I).
22 December.
16. Bailey, M.E. (Wake County Environmental Services Department -Water Quality Division). 2005.
Electronic Mail (E-mail) to Mr. Paul Schrot, Weston Solutions, Inc., RE: Review of USEPA
Sampling and Analysis Plan for the Ward Transformer Site. 30 December.
17. Mac Lawhorn, D. (Associate City Attorney-City of Raleigh). 2006. Electronic Mail (E-mail) to Mr.
Paul Schrot, Weston Solutions, Inc., RE: Comments on Sampling Plan. 03 January.
18. Schuster, K. (Division of Water Quality-Source Water Protection Section). 2006. Memorandum
to Mr. Luis Flores, U.S. EPA, RE: Draft Site-Specific Sampling Plan for Ward Transformer Site.
09 January.
K:\EPA ST ART 1258710336 Ward Transfom,er NPL Site\Reports\Wan.l Transfonner SSSP _ Downstrearn_Rev J_Final.wpd
20
•
APPENDIX A
FIGURES
•
Sitc-Spccilic Sampling Plan• Oownstrcam Sampling 2006
Ward Transformer Sile
Revision]
Date: Febn.mry 23. 2006
DCN: WSI-Wf2..00l3
K:\EPA START 125&7\0336 Ward Transfomwr KPL Site\Repcm\Wvd T111m,fom1cr SSSP _ Downsucam_Rev 3 .. FlnaLwpd
APPENDIX 8
TABLES
•
Site-Specific Sampling Plan -[)own:s:lrcam Sampling 2006
War<l Transformer Site
Revision 3
Date: February 23, 2006
DCN: WSI-Wf2-0013
K:\EPA START 125&7\0JJt> Ward Transfonner NPL Site\Repons\Ward Tnmsfonm::r SSSP _ Oowustr~m_Rt:v J_Fim1.l.wpd
Sample Sample
Number Deoth lfeetl
TABLE!
•
Site-Specific Sampling Plan• Downstream Sampling 2006
Ward Transfonncr Site
Revision J
Date: February 23, 2006
DCN: WSI-Wr2-0013
SOIL SAMPLING PLAN
WARD TRANSFORMER SITE
Descriotion/Locatlon Rationale
BRIER CREEK RESERVOIR AREA
SS-I 19A Oto I Composite soil sample collected from the Little In order to assess potential
Brier Creek floodplain, located northeast and contamination in floodplain area.
upstream of Little Brier Creek's mouth, in the
vicinity of Globe Road.
SS-120A 0 to I Composite soil sample collected from the Brier In order to assess potential
Creek Rcscrv oi r floodplain, located contamination in floodplain area
downstream and southwest of Globe Road. potentially used for recreational
shoreline fishing.
SS-121A Oto I Composite soil sample collected from the Brier In order to assess potential
Creek Reservoir lloodplain, located upstream contamination in lloodplain area
and northeast of Nelson Road. potentially used for recreational
shoreline fishing.
SS-122A 0 to I Composite soil sample collected from the Brier In order to assess potential
Creek Reservoir floodplain, located contamination in floodplain area
downstream and west of Nelson Road, in the potentially used for recreational
vicinity of residential properties. shoreline fishing.
LAKE CRABTREE AREA
SS-I 23A 0 to I Composite soil sample collected from the In order to assess potential
lloodplain in Sector A of Lake Crabtree, located contamination in floodplain area
in the Open Play area adjacent to the Water heavily used for recreational
Wisc Garden and parking area at Lake Crabtree activities.
County Park.
SS-124A 0 to I Composite soil sample collected from the In order to assess potential
floodplain in Sector A of Lake Crabtree, located contamination in floodplain area
in the Open Play area adjacent to the Water heavily used for recreational
Wise Garden and parking area at Lake Crabtree activities.
County Park.
SS-125A 0 to I Composite soil sample collected from the In order to assess potential
floodplain in Sector A of Lake Crabtree, located contamination in floodplain area
int he Open Play area a djaccnt to the Water heavily used for recreational
Wisc Garden and parking area at Lake Crabtree activities.
County Park.
SS-l 26A 0 to I Composite soil sample collected from the In order to assess potential
floodplain in Sector A of Lake Crabtree, located contamination in floodplain area
in the vicinity of the boat-rental/beach area in heavily used for recreational
Lake Crabtree County Park. activities.
K:IEPA ST ART 12587\0336 Ward Transfom1er NPL SitelRepons\Ward Transfomier SSSP _ Downstream_Rev 3_Final.wpd
. Sample
Number
•
TABLE I
•
Sitc•Specific Sampling Plan• Downstream Sampling 2006
Ward Transfonncr Site
Revision 3
Date: February 23, 2006
DCN, WSI-Wf2-0013
SOIL SAMPLING PLAN
WARD TRANSFORMER SITE (Continued)
.
Sample ' . Dept~ (feet) Description/Location Rationale
LAKE CRABTREE AREA (Continued)
SS-127 A 0 to I Composite soil sample collected from the In order to assess potential
floodplain in SectorC of Lake Crabtree, located contamination in floodplain area
in the vicinity of the public boat ramp in Lake heavily used for recreational
Crabtree County Park. activities.
SS-128A 0 to I Composite soil sample collected from the In order to assess potential
floodplain in Sector C of Lake Crabtree, located contamination in floodplain area
in the vicinity of the car-top boat launching area heavily used for recreational
in Lake Crabtree County Park. activities.
SS-129A 0 to I Grab soil sample collected from the floodplain In order to assess potential
in Sector C of Lake Crabtree, located along the contamination in floodplain area
mountain bike-use areas of Lake Crabtree heavily used for recreational
County Park's Lake Trail, in the vicinity of Old activities.
Reedy Creek Road and 1-40.
SS-l30A 0 to I· Grab soil sample collected from the Crabtree In order to assess potential
Creek noodplain, downstream of Lake contamination in floodplain area
Crabtree, in the vicinity of Old Reedy Creek potentially used for recreational
Road and immediately downstream of the Lake shoreline fishing.
Crabtree Dam's spillway.
SS-131A 0 to I Grab soil sample collected from the floodplain In order to assess potential
in Sector C of Lake Crabtree, I ocated in the contamination in floodplain area
vicinity of Lake Crabtree County Park's Lake potentially used for recreational
Trail and the Black Creek Greenway. shoreline fishing.
SS-l32A 0 to I Grab soil sample collected from the floodplain In order to assess potential
in Sector C of Lake Crabtree, located near contamination in floodplain area
Black Creek's mouth, in the vicinity of the Lake heavily used for recreational
Crabtree County Park's Lake Trail and the activities.
Black Creek Greenway.
SS-l33A 0 to I Composite soil sample collected from the In order to assess potential
floodplain in Sector C of Lake Crabtree. contamination in floodplain urea
Specific sample location will target an potentially accessed by future
undeveloped parcel that has a high probability residential populations.
of being re-zoned for future residential
development.
SS-I 34A 0 to I Grab soil sample collected from the floodplain In order to assess potential
in Sector A of Lake Crabtree, west-northwest of contamination in floodplain area
Aviation Parkway. Speci fie sample location used by ecological receptors.
will target a depositional area along the west-
southwest shoreline where contamination is
likely to be highest.
K:\EPA START 12587\0336 Ward Transfom1er NPL Site\Reports\Ward Transfom1er SSSP _ L>ownstream_Rev J_Final.wpd
•
TABLE I
Site-Specific Sampling Plan -Downstrc.im Sampling 2006
Ward Transfonncr Site
Revision 3
Date: February 23, 2006
DCN: WSJ-Wf2-00l3
SOIL SAMPLING PLAN
WARD TRANSFORMER SITE (Concluded)
LAKE CRABTREE AREA (Concluded)
SS-l 35A
SS-136A
(MS/MSD)
Notes: SS
0 to I
0 to I
Surface soil
Grab soil sample collected from the floodplain
in Sector A of Lake Crabtree, west-northwest of
Aviation Parkway. Specific sample location
will target a depositional area along the cast-
northeast shoreline where contamination is
likely to be highest.
Composite soil sample collected from the
Crabtree Creek floodplain, located upstream of
Lake Crabtree at one of the athletic fields at the
Cedar Fork District Park in Morrisville.
In order to assess potential
contamination in floodplain area
used by ecological receptors.
In order to assess potential
contamination in floodplain area
heavily used for recreational
activities. Sample will also serve
as the matrix spike/matrix spike
du licatc.
So as not to duplicate sample location numbers/identifiers, the soil samples for this round of sampling were
chosen to begin with SS-119. The soil samples collected as part of Reach A sampling activities ended with SS-
118.
K:\EPA ST ART 1258710336 Ward Transfom1er NPL Site\Repons\Ward Transfom1er SSSP _ Oownstrcam_Rev 3_Final.wpd
•
Site-Specific Sampling Plan -Downstream Sampling 2006
Ward Transfonner Site
Revision 3
Date: February 23, 2006
OCN, WSI-WT2--00l3
TABLE 2
SEDIMENT SAMPLING PLAN
WARD TRANSFORMER SITE
LITTLE BRIER CREEK -REACH D
SD-32 I to3
SD-34
SD-37 I to3
Grab sample collected from the midstream portion
of Reach D, in the vicinity of previously collected
sediment sample SD-32.
Grab sample collected from the midstream portion
of Reach D, in the vicinity of previously collected
sedi_ment sample SD-34.
Grab sample collected from the midstream portion
of Reach D, in the vicinity of previously collected
sediment sample SD-37.
I BRIER CREEK RESERVOIR AREA
SD-63A
SD-6313
SD-64A
SD-648
SD-65A
SD-65B
Oto I
I to OLl3
0 to I
I to OLB
0 to I
I toOLB
Grab sediment samples collected from the Brier
Creek Reservoir, located downstream and
southwest of Globe Road, near the mouth of Little
Brier Creek and in the area of the original creek
channel.
Grab sediment samples collected from the Brier
Creek Reservoir, betweer, Globe Road and
Aviation Parkway, in the area of the original creek
channel.
Grab sediment samples collected from the Brier
Creek Reservoir, west of Aviation Parkway, in the
area of the original creek channel at the upstream
toe of the Briar Creek Reservoir Darn.
LAKE CRABTREE AREA
SD-66A
SD-668
SD-67A
SD-6713
0 to I
I to 2
0 to I
I to OLB
Grab sediment samples collected from Brier
Creek, located upstream and north of Lake
Crabtree and Brier Creek's confluenCe with
Stirrup Iron Creek.
Grab sediment samples collected from Sector A of
Lake Crabtree, located in the wetland area
upstream and northwest of Aviation Parkway, in
the area of the original creek channel. Co-located
with surface water samples SW-15/17.
In order to further refine the
extent and magnitude of
contamination in Reach D.
In order to further refine the
extent and magnitude of
contamination in Reach D
In order to further refine the
extent and magnitude of
contamination in Reach D
In order to further refine the
estimated extent and magnitude
of site-related contaminants.
In order to further refine the
estimated extent and magnitude
of site-related contaminants.
In order to further refine the
estimated extent and magnitude
of site-related contaminants.
In order to further refine the
estimated extent and magnitude
of site-related contaminants.
In order to further refine the
estimated extent and magnitude
of site-related contaminants.
K:\EPA START 12S87\0336 Ward Transformer NPL Site\Repom\Ward Transfom1er SSSP _ Downstream_Rev 3_Final.wpd
Sample Sample
Number Depth (ft)
•
TABLE 2
Sitc-Spccilic Sampling Plan• Downstream Sampling 2006
Ward Transformer Site
Revision 3
Date: February 23, 2006
DCN: WSJ-Wf2-0013
SEDIMENT SAMPLING PLAN
WARD TRANSFORMER SITE (Continued)
,.
Descrlptlon/_Locatlon Rationale
I LAKE CRABTREE AREA (Continued) I
SD-68A 0 to I Grab sediment samples collected from Sector A of In order to further refine the
SD-68B I to OLB Lake Crabtree, located in the western ponion of estimated extent and magnitude
the wetland area upstream and northwest of of site-related contaminants.
Aviation Parkway.
SD-69A 0 to I Grab sediment samples collected from Sector A of In order to further refine the
SD-698 I to OLB Lake Crabtree, located in the area of the original estimated extent and magnitude
creek channel and a sediment depositional area of site-related contaminants.
downstream (southeast) of the Aviation Parkway
culven.
SD-70A 0 to I Grab sediment samples collected from Sector B of In order to funher refine the
SD-708 I to OLB Lake Crabtree, located in the area of the original estimated extent and magnitude
(MS/MSD) creek channel. of site-related contaminants. At-
depth sample will also serve as
the matrix spike/matrix spike
duplicate.
SD-71A 0 to I Grab sediment samples collected from Sector C of In order to further refine the
SD-718 I to OLB Lake Crabtree, located in the area of the original estimated extent and magnitude
creek channe.J at the upstre3m toe of the Lake of site-related contaminants.
Crabtree Dam.
SD-72A 0 to I Grab sediment sample collected from Sector A of In order to assess potential
Lake Crabtree, located in the vicinity of the boat-contamination In sediments
rental/beach area in Lake Crabtree County Park. located in an area heavily used for
Co-located with surface water sample SW-15. recreational activities.
SD-73A 0 to I Grab sediment sample collected from Sector A of In order to assess potential
Lake Crabtree, located in the vicinity of the boat-contamination in sediments
rental/beach area in Lake Crabtree County Park. located in an area heavily used for
recreational activities.
SD-74A 0 to I Grab sediment sample collected from Sector C of In order to assess potential
Lake Crabtree, located in the vicinity of the public contamination In sediments
boat ramp in Lake Crabtree County Park. Co-located in an area heavily used for
located with surface water sample SW-16. recreational activities.
SD-75A 0 to I Grab sediment sample collected from Sector C of In order to assess potential
Lake Crabtree, located in the vicinity of the car-contamination In sediments
top boat launching area in Lake Crabtree County located in an area heavily used for
Park. recreational activities.
K:\EPA ST ART 12S87\0JJ6 Ward Tra11sroni1er NPL Site\Repons\Ward Transfom1er SSSP _ Downstream_Rev J_Fi11al.wpd
Sample Sample
Number Depth (ft)
•
TABLE 2
•
Site-Specific Sampling Plan -Downstream Sampling 2006
Ward Transfonncr Site
Revision 3
Date: February 23, 2006
DCN: WSI-WT2-00l3
SEDIMENT SAMPLING PLAN
WARD TRANSFORMER SITE (Continued)
. Description/Location Ratio II ale
I LAKE CRABTREE AREA (Concluded) I
SD-76A 0 to I Grab sediment sample collected from Sector C of In order to assess potential
Lake Crabtree, located in the vicinity of Lake contamination ,n sediments
Crabtree County Park's Lake Trail and the Black located in an area used for
Creek Greenway. recreational shoreline fishing.
SD-77A 0 to I Grab sediment sample collected from Sector B of In order to assess potential
Lake Crabtree, located in the vicinity of Lake contamination in sediments
Crabtree County Park's Lake Trail. located '" an area used for
recreational shoreline fishing.
SD-78A 0 to I Grab sediment sample collected from Sector B of In order to further refine the
(MS/MSD) Lake Crabtree, located in the vicinity of Lake estimated extent and magnitude
Crabtree County Park's Lake Trail and Crabtree of site-related contaminants.
Creek's mouth. Sample will also serve as the
matrix spike/matrix spike
duplicate.
CRABTREE CREEK-UPSTREAM OF LAKE CRABTREE
SD-79A 0 to I Grab sediment sample collected from Crabtree In order to assess potential PCB
Creek, upstream of Lake Crabtree between Evan's loading from other sources.
Road and Route 54. Sample collected in the
vicinity of fish tissue samples FT-36, FT-3 7, and
FT-38. I CRABTREE CREEK-DOWNSTREAM OF LAKE CRABTREE I
Fall 2005 Fish Sample Locations
SD-BOA 0 to I Grab sediment sample collected from Crabtree In order to assess potential
Creek, located in William 8. Umstead State Park, sediment contamination in an area
in the vicinity of the Company Mill Trail crossing. where recently collected fish
samples contained PCBs.
SD-SIA 0 to I Grab sediment sample collected from Crabtree In order to assess potential
Creek, located in the vicinity of Duraleigh Road. sediment contamination in an area
where recently collected fish
samples contained PCBs.
SD-82A 0 to I Grab sediment sample collected from Crabtree In order to assess potential
Creek, located in the vicinity of the Crabtree sediment contamination in an area
Valley Mall. where recently collected fish
samples contained PCBs.
SD-83A 0 to I Grab sediment sample collected from Crabtree In order to assess potential
Creek, located in the vicinity of Wake Forest sediment contamination in an area
Road. where recently collected fish
samples contained PCBs.
K:\EPA START 12587\0336 Ward Transfom1Cr NPL Sitc\Rcports\Ward Transfonucr SSSP _ Downstrcam_Rcv 3_final.wpd
Site-Specilic Sampling Plan• Downstream Sampling 2006
Ward Transformer Site
Revision 3
Date: February 23, 2006
DCN: WSI-Wf2-0013
TABLE2
SEDIMENT SAMPLING PLAN
WARD TRANSFORMER SITE (Continued)
Sample Sample
Number Depth (ft) Description/Location Rationale I CRABTREE CREEK -DOWNSTREAM OF LAKE CRABTREE (Concluded)
Lassiter Mill Dam
SD-84A 0 to I Grab sediment samples collected from Crabtree In order to further refine the
SD-8413 I to 4 Creek, located just upstream of Lassiter Mill Dam. estimated extent and magnitude
of site-related contaminants.
Wetland Area At Raleigh Boulevard/Buckeye Trail
SD-85A 0 to I Grab sediment sample collected from a wetland In order to further refine the
area adjacent to Crabtree Creek, I ocated int he estimated extent and magnitude
vicinity of Raleigh Boulevard and Milburnie of si tc-rclatcd contaminants and
Road, near the Buckeye Trail portion of the assess potential sediment
Capital Arca Greenway. Sample collected in the contamination in an area used for
vicinity of fish tissue samples FT-39 and FT-40. human· and non-human fishing.
Mouth/Connuence With Neuse River
SD-86A 0 to I Grab sediment sample collected from Crabtree In order to further refine the
Creek's mouth, just u µstream of its c ontluence estimated extent and magnitude
with the Neuse River, in the vicinity of Anderson of site-related contaminants.
Point Park. Sample collected in the vicinity of
fish tissue samples FT-41 and FT-42.
CRABTREE CREEK TRIBUTARIES
Between Lake Crabtree and Connuence with Neuse River
SD-87A 0 to I Grab sediment sample collected from first of two In order to establish reference
tributary streams to Crabtree Creek that is large concentrations for PCBs in other
enough to support recreational fishing. Sample urban waterways within the
collected within 0.25 to 0.5 miles upstream of its Crabtree Creek watershed.
confluence with Crabtree Creek and in the vicinity
offish samples FT-43 and FT-44.
SD-88A 0 to I Grab sediment sample collected from second of In order to establish reference
two tributary s trcams to C rabtrcc Creek that is concentrations for PCBs in other
large enough to support recreational fishing. urban waterways within the
Sample collected within 0.25 to 0.5 miles Crabtree Creek watershed.
upstream of its confluence with Crabtree Creek
and in the vicinity of fish samples FT-45 and FT-
46.
K:IEPA START 1258710336 Ward Transformer NPL Sitc\Rcporu\Ward Transformer SSSP _ Downstrcam_Rcv 3_tinal.wpd
I
Sample Sample
Number Depth (ft)
NEUSE RIVER AREA
TABLE 2
•
Site-Specific Sampling Plan -Downstream Sampling 2006
Ward Transformer Site
Revision 3
Date: February 23, 2006
DCN: WSI-Wr2-0013
SEDIMENT SAMPLING PLAN
WARD TRANSFORMER SITE (Concluded)
Description/Location Rationale
Upstream of Crabtree Creek's Mouth
SD-89A 0 to I Grab sediment sample collected from the Neuse In order to establish reference
River, located approximately 2.5 miles upstream concentrations for PCBs in
of Crabtree Creek's mouth and upstream of the sediment outside the Crabtree
Milbumic Dam located on the Neuse River. Creek watershed.
Sample collected in the vicinity of fish samples
FT-47 and FT-48.
Downstream of Crabtree Creek's Mouth
SD-90A 0 to I Grab sediment sample collected from the Neuse In order to funhcr refine the
River, located in the vicinity of Poole Road and estimated extent and magnitude
approximately 1.0 mile downstream of the Neuse of site-related contaminants.
River's connuence with Crabtree Creek. Sample
collected in the vicinity of fish samples FT-49 and
. FT-50 .
Notes: n Feet
Sediment
Fish tissue
SD
FT
OLB Original lake bottom
So as not to duplicate sample location numbers/identifiers, the sediment sample identifiers for those locations
downstream of Reach D (i.e., Little Brier Creek) were chosen to begin with SD-63. The sediment samples
collected as part of Reach A sampling activities ended with SD-62. Sediment sample locations SD-32, SD-34,
and SD-37 located along Reach D were identified in previous a sampling event. The additional samples from
these locations will be collected at depths not previously sampled.
K:\EPA START 12587\0336 Wud Transfom1er NPL Site\Repons\Ward Tr11J1sfom1er SSSP _ Downstre11J11_Rev 3_Final.wpd
LAKE CRABTREE AREA
SW-14
SW-15
SW-16
(MS/MSD)
Notes: SW
SD
NA
NA
NA
NA
Surface water
Sediment
Not applicable
•
Site•Spccific Sampling Plan• Downstream Sampling 2006
Ward Transformer Site
Revision 3
Date: February 23, 2006
DCN: WSI-Wf2-0013
TABLE3
SURFACE WATER SAMPLING PLAN
WARD TRANSFORMER SITE
Grab surface water sample collected from
Sector A of Lake Crabtree, located in the
wetland area upstream and northwest of
Aviation Parkway. Co-located with sediment
sample SD-67.
Grab surface water sample collected from
Sector A of Lake Crabtree, located in the
vicinity of the boat-rental/beach area in Lake
Crabtree County Park. Co-located with
sediment sample SD-72.
Grab surface water sample collected from
Sector C of Lake Crabtree, located in the
vicinity of the public boat ramp in Lake
Crabtree County Park. Co-located with
sediment sample SD-74.
In order to further refine the
estimated extent and magnitude
of site-related contaminants.
In order to assess potential
contamination in surface water
located in an area heavily used for
recreational activities.
In order to assess potential
contamination in surface water
located in an area heavily used for
recreational activities. Sample
will also serve as the matrix
So as not to duplicate sample location numbers/identi lie rs, the surface water samples for this round of sampling
were chosen to begin with SW-I 4. The surface water samples collected as part of Reach A sampling activities
ended with SW-13.
K:\EPA START 12587\0336 Ward Transfom1cr NPL Site\Repons\Ward Transfonncr SSSP _ Downstreain_Rev 3_Final.wpd
' '
•
Sampl~
, NU:mb~~
·.· Sample
. Depih {ft)
TABLE4
•
Sitc-Spccilic Sampling Plan -Downstream Sampling 2006
Ward Transfonner Site
Revision 3
Date: Febru:iry 23, 2006
DCN: WSI-WI'2-00IJ
AQUATIC BIOTA SAMPLING PLAN
WARD TRANSFORMER SITE
Description/Location Rationale
BRIER CREEK RESERVOIR AREA
FIJ-34 NA Composite whole body largemouth bass sample In order to better evaluate potential
collected from Brier Creek Reservoir. ecological risk associated with
uptake of PCBs by fish.
FB-35 NA Composite whole body bullhead sample In order to better evaluate potential
collected from Brier Creek Reservoir. ecological risk associated with
uptake of PCBs by fish.
I CRABTREE CREEK. UPSTREAM OF LAKE CRABTREE I
FT-36 NA Composite fillet largemouth bass sample In order to allow the State of North
collected from Crabtree Creek, upstream of Lake Carolina to evaluate the extent of
Crabtree b ctwccn Evan's Road and Route 5 4, any fish consumption advisories
and in the vicinity of sediment sample SD-79A. deemed appropriate.
FT-37 NA Composite fillet channel catfish sample collected In order to allow the State of North
from Crabtree Creek, upstream of Lake Crabtree Carolina to evaluate the extent of
between Evan's Road and Route 54, and in the any fish consumption advisories
vicinity of sediment sample SD-79A. deemed appropriate.
FT-38 NA Composite fillet sunfish sample collected from In order to allow the State of North
Crabtree Creek, upstream of Lake Crabtree Carolina to evaluate the extent of
between Evan's Road and Route 54, and in the any fish consumption advisories
vicinity of sediment sample SD-79A. deemed appropriate.
I CRABTREE CREEK. DOWNSTREAM OF LAKE CRABTREE I
Wetland Arca At Raleigh Boulevard/Buckeye Trail
FT-39 NA Composite fillet largemouth bass sample In order to characterize potential
collected from Crabtree Creek, located near a human h ea Ith risk a ssociatcd with
wetland area in the vicinity of Raleigh Boulevard consumption of fish by recreational
and the Buckeye Trail portion of the Capital anglers.
Arca Greenway. Sample collected in the vicinity
of sediment sample SD-85A.
FT-40 NA Composite fillet channel catfish sample collected In order to characterize potential
from Crabtree Creek, located near a wetland area human health risk associated with
in the vicinity of Raleigh Boulevard and the consumption offish by recreational
Buckeye Trail portion of the Capital Area anglers.
Greenway. Sample collected in the vicinity of
sediment sample SD-85A.
K:\EPA START 12S87\0336 Ward Transfonner NPL Site\Rcports\Ward Transfonncr SSSP _ Downstream_Rev 3_Fina1.wpd
.. •
. Sample · Sample
,· Number Deptli (ft)
•
TABLE4
•
Site-Spccilic Sampling Plan -Downstream Sampling 2006
Ward Transformer Site
Revision 3
Date: February 23, 2006
DCN, WSJ-Wf2-00IJ
AQUATIC BIOTA SAMPLING PLAN
WARD TRANSFORMER SITE (Continued)
.. "
Description/Location Rationale I CRABTREE CREEK -DOWNSTREAM OF LAKE CRABTREE (Concluded) I
Mouth/Connucnce With Neuse River
FT-41 NA Composite fillet largemouth bass sample collected In order to characterize potential
from Crabtree Creek's rnouth,just upstream of its human health risk associated with
confluence with the Neuse River, in the vicinity of consumption offish by recreational
Anderson Point Park. Sample collected in the anglers.
vicinity of sediment sample SD-86A.
FT-42 NA Composite fillet channel catfi~h sample collected In order to characteriie potential
from Crabtree Creek's mouth, just upstream of its human health risk associated with
confluence with the Neuse River, in the vicinity of consumption offish by recreational
Anderson Point Park. Sample collected in the anglers.
vicinity of sediment sample SD.86A. I CRABTREE CREEK TRIBUTARIES I
Between Lake Crabtree and Connuence with Neuse River
FT-43 NA Composite fillet largemouth bass sample collected In order to allow the State of North
from first of two tributary streams to Crabtree Carolina to evaluate the extent of
Creek that is large enough to support recreational any fish consumption advisories
fishing. Sample collected within 0.25 to 0.5 miles deemed appropriate.
upstream of its confluence with Crabtree Creek
and in the vicinity of sediment sample SD.S7 A.
FT-44 NA Composite fillet channel catfish sample collected In order to allow the State of North
from first of two tributary streams to Crabtree Carolina to evaluate the extent of
Creek that is large enough to support recreational any fish consumption advisories
fishing. Sample collected within 0.25 to 0.5 miles deemed appropriatC.
upstream of its confluence with Crabtree Creek
and in the vicinity of sediment sample SD•87A.
FT-45 NA Composite fillet largemouth bass sample collected In order to allow the State of North
from second of two tributary streams to Crabtree Carolina to evaluate the extent of
Creek that is large enough to support recreational any fish consumption advisories
fishing. Sample collected within 0.25 to 0.5 miles deemed appropriate.
upstream of its confluence with Crabtree Creek
and in the vicinity of sediment sample SD·S8A.
FT-46 NA Composite fillet channel catfish sample collected In order to allow the State of North
from second of two tributary streams to Crabtree Carolina to evaluate the extent of
Creek that is large enough to support recreational any fish consumption advisories
fishing. Sample collected 0.25 to 0.5 miles deemed appropriate.
upstream of its confluence with Crabtree Creek
and in the vicinity of sediment sample so.SSA.
K:\EPA START 12587\0336 Ward Transfom1cr NPL Sitc\Rcports\Ward Transfonner SSSP _ Downs1rcam_Rc11 J_Pinal.wpd
. Sample, Sample
Number Depth (ft)
• •
..
TABLE 4
Site-Specific Sampling Plan -Downstream Sampling 2006
Ward Transformer Site
Revision 3
Date: February 23. 2006
DCN: WSI-Wf2-0013
AQUATIC BIOTA SAMPLING PLAN
WARD TRANSFORMER SITE (Concluded)
. . .
Desc rl ptl on/ Loe a tlo n Rationale
I NEUSE RIVER AREA I
Upstream of Crabtree Creek's Mouth
Fr-47 NA Composite fillet largemouth bass fish sample In order to establish reference
collected from the Neuse River, located concentrations for PClls in fish
approximately 2.5 miles upstream of Crabtree outside the Crabtree Creek
Creek's mouth and upstream of the Milburnic watershed.
Dam located on the Neuse River. Sample
collected in the vicinity of sediment sample SD-
89A.
Fr-48 NA Composite fillet channel catfish fish sample In order to establish reference
collected from the Neuse River, located concentrations for PCBs in fish
approximately 2.5 miles upstream of Crabtree outside the Crabtree Creek
Creek's mouth and upstream of the Milbumie watershed.
Dam located on the Neuse River. Sample
collected in the vicinity of sediment sample SD-
89A.
Downstream of Crabtree Creek's Mouth
Fr-49 NA Composite fillet largemouth bass fish sample In order to allow the State of North
collected from the Neuse River, located in the Carolina to evaluate the extent of
vicinity of Poole Road and approximately 1.0 mile any fish consumption adYisories
downstream of the Neuse River's confluence with deemed appropriate.
Crabtree Creek. Sample collected in the Yicinity
of sediment sample SD-90A.
Fr-50 NA Composite fillet channel catfish fish sample In order to allow the State of North
collected from the Neuse RiYer, located in the Carolina to eYaluate the extent of
vicinity of Poole Road and approximately 1.0 mile any fish consumption advisories
downstream of the Neuse River's confluence with deemed appropriate.
Crabtree Creek. Sample collected in the vicinity
of sediment sample SD-90A.
Notes: n Feet
NA Not Applicable
Fil Whole Body Fish
FT Fillet Fish
SD Sediment
So as not to duplicate sample location numbers/identifiers, the fish samples for this round of sampling were
chosen to begin with the number 34. The last round fish samples collected as part of the Ward Transformer
Remedial Investigation ended with the number 33.
K:\EPA START 12587\0336 Ward Transfonner NPL Site\Repons\Ward Transfom1er SSSP _ Downstream_Re\l 3_Final.wpd
TABLE 5
•
Site-Specific Sampling Plan -Downstream Sampling 2006
Ward Transformer Site
Revision 3
Date: February 23, 2006
DCN, WSJ-WT2-00IJ
QUALITY ASSURANCE/QUALITY CONTROL SAMPLING PLAN
WARD TRANSFORMER SITE
!'4;/fls~;:iii>••,19uinhe,;ti: .il,llffli' •· · '.YI Sample;Type
Matrix: Soil
SS-137A Duplicate sample of SS-J 24A,
SS-138A Duplicate sample of SS-J 34A.
I Matrix: Sediment
SD-918 Duplicate sample ofSD-6513.
SD-92A Duplicate sample of SD-72A.
SD-93A Duplicate sample of SD-80A.
SD-94A Duplicate sample of SD-90A.
I Matrix: Surface Water
SW-17 Duplicate sample ofSW-15.
I Matrix: QA/QC Blanks
Rinsate Blanks
RB-OJ
RB-02
RB-03
Trip Blanks
Tl3-S-0\
Notes: SS
SD
SW
RB
TB-S
QA/QC
voe
Soil/sediment sampling equipment rinsatc
blank sample,
Soil/Sediment sampling equipment rinsate
blank sample.
Soil/Sediment sampling equipment rinsate
blank sample.
Solid trip blank sample collected for
quality control, to accompany VOC ponion
of sediment samples (VOC analysis orily).
Surface soil
Sediment
Surface waler
Rinsate blank
Trip blank-Soil
Quality assurance/quality control
Volatile organic compound
-· ~</: ,. Rat10ll'Jlif1f.:~1;:ci:,:.-_, }::;:,3~~-.-.:.
Evaluation of field sampling procedures.
Evaluation of field sampling procedures.
Evaluation of field sampling procedures.
Evaluation of field sampling procedures.
Evaluation of field sampling procedures.
Evaluation of field sampling procedures.
Evaluation of field sampling procedures.
Todetcnnine if decontamination procedures
adequately clean equipment.
To detennine if decontamination procedures
adequately clean equipment.
To determine if decontamination procedures
adequately clean equipment.
To determine if cross-contamination occurs
during handling, storage, and/or
transportation (shipping) to the laboratory.
K:\EPA START 12587\0JJ6 Ward Transfon11er NPL Site\Reporu\Ward Transfom1er SSSP _ Do11rnstream_Rev J_Final.wpd
I
I
I
TABLE 6
•
Sitc•Spccific Sampling Plan -Downstream Sampling 2006
Ward Transformer Site
Revision 3
Date: February 23, 2006
DCN: WSI-Wf2-0013
ANALYSES, REQUIRED SAMPLE CONTAINERS, AND PRESERVATIVES
WARD TRANSFORMER SITE
1 ·~-·••·· ·!,;' . -,.,; '. . .
c!D,~pth Comp./ No. of ..
Samok~~;· · lfeetl 1Grab? Allouots Analvsis Samole Container · Preservation
IMATRIX: SOIL
Brier Creek Reservoir Area
SS-119A Oto I Como. 3 Total PCBs ( Aroclors) I x 8-oz amber class iar Ice; cool to 4 °C
SS-120A ' 0 to I Comp. 3 Total PCBs (Aroclors) I x 8-oz amber 2:lass iar ' Ice; cool to 4 °C
SS-121 A 0 to I Como. 3 Total PCBs (Aroclors) I x 8-oz amber glass iar Ice; cool to 4 °C
SS-122A 0 to I Como. 3 Total PCBs (Aroclors) I x 8-oz amber class iar ! Ice; cool to 4 °C
Lake Crabtree Area
SS-123A 0 to I Comp. 9 Total PCBs (Aroclors) I x 8-oz amber glass iar Ice; cool to 4 °C
SS-124A 0 to I Como. I 9 Total PCBs (Aroclors) I x 8-oz amber i:zlass iar Ice; cool to 4 °C
SS-I 25A 0 to I Comp. 9 Total PCBs (Aroclors) I x 8-oz amber glass iar Ice; cool to 4 °C
SS-126A 0 to I Como. 3 ! Total PCBs (Aroclors) I x 8-oz amber glass jar Ice; cool to 4 °C
SS-127A 0 to I Como. 3 Total PCBs (Aroclors) 1 x 8-oz amber !!lass iar ' Ice; cool to 4 °C
SS-128A 0 to I Comp. 3 Total PCBs (Aroclors) 1 x 8-oz amber glass jar i Ice; cool to 4 °C
SS-l 29A 0 to I Grab NA Total PCBs (Aroclors) I x 8-oz amber glass iar Ice; cool to 4 °C
SS-130A 0 to I Grab NA l Total PCBs (Aroclors) I x 8-oz amber 2.lass iar Ice; cool to 4 °C
SS-131A 0 to I Grab NA Total PCBs (Aroclors) 1 x 8-oz amber glass jar lee; cool to 4 °C
SS-!32A 0 to I Grab NA Total PCBs (Aroclors) I x 8-oz amber glass iar l Ice; cool to 4 °C
SS-133A Oto I Comp. 9 Total PCBs (Aroclors) I x 8-oz amber Rlass iar Ice; cool to 4 °C
SS-134A 0 to I Grab NA Total PCBs (Aroclors) I x 8-oz amber glass jar Ice; cool to 4 °C
PCB Conecners I x 8-oz amber glass iar Ice; cool to 4 °C
SS-135A 0 to I Grab NA Total PCBs (Aroclors) I x 8-oz amber glass iar ' Ice; cool to 4 °C
SS-136A 0 to I Comp. I 9 Total PCBs (Aroclors) 3 x 8-oz amber glass jar Ice; cool to 4 °C
(MS/MSD)
SS-137A 0 to I Comp. 9 Total PCBs (Aroclors) I x 8-oz amber glass jar Ice; cool to 4 °C
(Dup. of SS-
124A)
SS-138A 0 to I Grab NA Total PCBs (Aroclors) 1 x 8-oz amber glass jar Ice; cool to 4 °C
(Dup. of SS-PCB Congeners I x 8-oz amber glass jar Ice; cool to 4 °C
134A)
K:\EPA START 12587\0336 Ward Transformer NPL Site\Repons\War-d Transformer SSSP _ Downstream_Rev 3_Final.wpd
I
Samole No.
TABLE 6
Site-Specific Sampling Plan • Downstream Sampling 2006
Ward Transformer Site
Revision 3
Date: February 23, 2006
OCN: WSI-Wf2-0013
ANALYSES, REQUIRED SAMPLE CONTAINERS, AND PRESERVATIVES
WARD TRANSFORMER SITE (Continued)
Depth Comp./ No. of
(feet) Grab? Allauots Analvsis Sample Container Preservation
!MATRIX: SEDIMENT I
Little Brier Creek -Reach D
' ' sO.32 I to 3 Grab NA Total Pei3s (Aroclors) I x 8-oz amber glass jar Ice; cool to 4 °C
SD-34 i I to 3 Grab NA i Total Pei3s (Aroclors) I x 8-oz amber glass iar Ice; cool to 4 °C
SD-37 I to 3 Grab NA Total Pei3s (Aroclors) I x 8-oz amber glass iar Ice; cool to 4 °C
Brier Creek Reservoir Area
SD-63A ! 0 to I . Grab ! NA . Total PeBs (Aroclors) . I x 8-oz amber glass jar j Ice; cool to 4 'e ........................ t ...................... i ................... i ..................... l __ PCB.Congeners ............. + .. 1 .. x. 8-oz amber glass jar ....... +. Ice;. cool to 4 °C ..
SD-638 ! I to OLB ! Grab ! NA Total PeBs (Aroclors) ! I x 8-oz amber glass jar ! Ice; cool to 4 'e
ll--'S-"Dc...-..c6_4'-'A'-+·····.2.!? .. ! ....... j ..... 9.!.~~ ..... t---'-N-'A-'----l···T..o.t~l.!:'.C::.[l.~ .. (Aroclors) ...... 1 .. ~ .. ?.:.o.~.~.rr.!~.c!..S!.~.~~J.~!. ........ ! ... \~~; cool to 4 ~C:: ..... .
SD-648 I to OLB i Grab NA Total PCBs (Aroclors) I x 8-oz amber !!lass iar Ice; cool to 4 °C
SD-65A
SD-6513
. . . .
...... 0.to .1 ...... ~ ..... Grab ..... ~ ....... NA ....... l. Total. PCBs(Aroc\ors) ... ~ ... 1 .. x_ 8-oz amber glass jar ........... Ice;_ cool.to 4_°C .. ...
I to OLB Grab ! NA i voes i 3 x 5-g Eneorc1 Ice; cool to 4 'e
1 : Percent Solids i I x 4-oz clear glass jar Ice; cool to 4 °C
! ~~~~s;:;~~eBs i 7 : ::~~ :~~~~~:::;;rs :~:: ~~~: :~: :~
SD-918 I toOLB Grab NA voes 3 x 5-g EnCore1 Ice; cool to 4 °C
Ice; cool to 4 °C
Ice; cool to 4 °C
Ice; cool to 4 °C
(Dup. of SD-
658)
Lake Crabtree Area
Percent Solids
SVOes, Pcst/Pei3s
Metals and eN
I x 4-oz clear glass jar
2 x 8-oz amber glass jars
I x 8-oz clear glass iar
' SD-66A Oto I , Grab NA j Total Pei3s (Aroclors) ! I x 8-oz amber glass jar Ice; cool to 4 'e
,,_ ___ .. , .. ,_ ___ --; ........................................ ~ ... PCB.Congcn_cr_s __ __,:,-..1..x. 8-oz ambcr.gJass jar .......... Ice;_ cool.to 4.°C .. ...
SD-6613 I to 2 Grab NA i Total PeBs (Aroclors) I x 8-oz amber glass iar Ice; cool to 4 'e
SD-67A 0 to I Grab NA Total PeBs (Aroclors) I x 8-oz amber glass jar
f-························ ...................... ................... ··----+---PCB.Congeners.............. 1 x 8-oz amber.gfass iar
SD-678 I to OLB Grab NA Total PCBs ( Aroclors) 1 x 8-oz amber e:lass iar
K:IEPA START 12587\0330 Ward Transfom1er NPL Sitc\Reports\Ward Transfonncr SSSP _ Downstream_Rev 3_Final.wpd
Ice; cool to 4 °C
Ice: cool to 4.°C .....
Ice: cool to 4 °C
TABLE 6
•
Site-Specific Sampling Plan -Downstream Sampling 2006
Ward Transformer Site
Revision J
Date: February 23, 2006
OCN: WSI-Wf2-00IJ
ANALYSES, REQUIRED SAMPLE CONTAINERS, AND PRESERVATIVES
WARD TRANSFORMER SITE (Continued)
Depth Comp./ No. of
Samole No. /feet) Grab? Allauots Analvsls Sample Container Preservation
MATRIX: SEDIMENT (Continued)
Lake Crabtree Area (Concluded)
... SD-68A ----·+----· 0_to_ 1 ........... Grab ..... ] ....... NA ....... j .. Total_ PCBs(Aroclors).._j,..i..x .. 8-oz amber_~lass jar ........ ] .. ice; cool to 4_°C .... .
SD-688 i 1 to OLB Grab i NA l Total PCBs (Aroclors) l I x 8-oz amber g\ass iar l Ice; cool to 4 °C
SD-69A 0 to I Grab NA Total PCBs (Aroclors) I x 8-oz amber glass jar Ice; cool to 4 °C
....... ................. .......... .. PCB_Congcners .............. ... ! .. x 8-oz amb~:..st~-~~J.~.': .. Ice;_ cool to 4 "C ..
SD-698 I to OLB Grab NA Total PCBs (Aroclors) 1 x 8-oz amber glass jar Ice; cool to 4 °C
: : : :
SD-70A ..... ,c ...... O_to .1 ...... L ... Grab ..... L ..... NA ....... ,i •• Total_ PCBs (Aroclors) .. J...1 .. x __ 8-oz amber_gJassjar ........ L Ice;, cool_to _4_°C .... .
(~~i~~~) I I
to OLB I Grab I NA I ~c~~~t Solids I ~: !:~,E~;:;~1
lassjar i :::: :~~: :~: :~
I I I i ~~~~s;::~icos I ; : ::~: ~:~~~r~::~1;rs l !~~; ~~~: :~: :~
SD-71A 0 to I Grab NA Total PCBs (Arociors) 1 x 8-oz amber glass jar Ice; cool to 4 °C
..... ....................... ................... ....... PCB.Congeners .............. I x 8-oz ambcr_glassjar __ lcei.E_Dol to 4 °C
SD-71B I to OLB Grab NA Total PCBs (Arociors) I x 8-oz amber 2lass iar Ice; cool to 4 °C
SD-72A 0 to I Grab NA Total PCBs (Aroclors) 1 x 8-oz amber glass jar Ice; cool to 4 °C
SD-73A 0 to I Grab ! NA Total PCBs /Arociors) ' I x 8-oz amber glass iar Ice; cool to 4 °C
SD-74A ' 0 to I Grab NA Total PCBs ( Arociors) I x 8-oz amber u.lass iar Ice; cool to 4 °C
SD-75A 0 to I Grab L NA Total PCBs (Arociors) 1 x 8-oz amber glass jar Ice; cool to 4 °C
SD-76A 0 to I Grab NA Total PCBs (Arociors) I x 8-oz amber glass iar Ice; cool to 4 °C
SD-77A 0 to I Grab NA Total PCBs (Arociors) I x 8-oz amber glass jar Ice; cool to 4 °C
SD-78A 0 to I Grab NA Total PCBs (Arociors) 3 x 8-oz amber gl8ss jar Ice; cool to 4 °C
(MS/MSD)
SD-92A 0 to I Grab NA I Total PCBs (Arociors) 1 x 8-oz amber glass jar Ice; cool to 4 °C
(Dup. of SD-
72A) j
Crabtree Creek -Upstream of Lake Crabtree
SD-79A Oto I Grab NA Total PCBs (Aroclors) 1 x 8-oz amber Qlass iar Ice· cool to 4 °C
K:\EPA START 12587\0336 Ward Transformer NPL Sitc\Rcporu\Ward Transfom1cr SSSP _ Downstream_Rcv 3_Fina\.wpd
•
TABLE6
•
Sile-Specific Sampling Plan -Downstream Sampling 2006
Ward Transformer Site
Revision 3
Date: Februal)' 23, 2006
DCN: WSI-Wf2-0013
ANALYSES, REQUIRED SAMPLE CONTAINERS, AND PRESERVATIVES
WARD TRANSFORMER SITE (Continued)
Depth Comp./ No. of
Sample No. (feet) Grab? Aliquots Analysis Samole Container Preservation
I MATRIX: SEDIMENT (Concluded)
Crabtree Creek -Downstream of Lake Crabtree
Fall 2005 Fish Samole Locations
SD-SOA 0 to I Grab NA Total PCBs (Aroclors) I x 8-oz amber elass iar Ice; cool to 4 °C
SD-SIA Oto I i Grab NA ! Total PCBs (Aroclors) l x 8-oz amber glass jar Ice; cool to 4 °C
' SD-S2A 0 to I Grab NA Total PCBs (Aroclors) I x 8-oz amber glass iar Ice; cool to 4 °C
SD-S3A 0 to I Grab NA l Total PCBs (Aroclors) 1 x 8-oz amber glass _jar Ice; cool to 4 °C
SD-93A 0 to I Grab NA Total PCBs (Aroclors) I x 8-oz amber glass jar Ice; cool to 4 °C
(Dup. of SD-,
SOA)
Lassiter Mill Dam
! 0 to I l Grab NA Total PCBs (Aroclors) I x 8-oz amber glass jar l Ice; cool to 4 °C
lf--.------+ ...................... t-.................. f-.................... ~ ... PCB_Congcners .............. ~ ... 1 .. x. 8-oz amber.s\ass jar ........ l. lcc:. cool.to 4.°C .. ...
SD-S4A
SD-S48 i I to 4 i Grab i NA i Total PCBs (Aroclors) i I x 8-oz amber glass jar i Ice; cool to 4 'C
Wetland Are11 At Raleieh Boulevard/Buckeve Trail
SD-SSA 0 to I Grab NA Total PCBs (Aroclors) I I x 8-oz amber elass iar Ice; cool to 4 °C
Mouth/Confluence with Neuse River
SD-S6A 0 to I Grab NA Total PCBs (Aroclors) 1 x 8-oz amber glass iar l Ice; cool to 4 °C
Crabtree Creek Tributaries
Between Lake Crabtree and Confluence with Neuse River
SD-S7A 0 to I Grab NA Total PCBs (Aroclors) I x 8-oz amber glass iar Ice; cool to 4 °C
;
SD-SSA ! Oto I Grab NA Total PCBs (Aroclors) ; I x 8-oz amber 2lass iar Ice; cool to 4 °C
Neuse River Area
SD-S9A 0 to I Grab NA Total PCBs (Aroclors) I x 8-oz amber glass jar Ice; cool to 4 °C
PCB Conecners 1 x 8-oz amber i:?.lass iar Ice; cool to 4 °C
SD-90A l Oto I I Grab NA Total PCBs (Aroclors) I x 8-oz amber glass jar Ice; cool to 4 °C
SD-94A 0 to I Grab NA Total PCBs (Aroclors) I x 8-oz amber glass jar Ice; cool to 4 °C
(Dup. of SD-
90A)
K:IEPA START 12587\0336 Ward Transfom1er NPL Site\Reports\Ward Transfomier SSSP _ Downstream_Rev 3_Final.wpd
•
TABLE 6
•
Site-Specific Sampling Plan -Downstream Sampling 2006
Ward Transformer Site
Revision 3
Date: February 23, 2006
DCN: WSI-Wf2-00IJ
ANALYSES, REQUIRED SAMPLE CONTAINERS, AND PRESERVATIVES
WARD TRANSFORMER SITE (Continued)
.
Depth Comp./ No. of
Sample No. (feet) Grab? Allnuots Analvsls Samnle Container Preservation ·
I MATRIX: SURFACE WATER
Lake Crabtree Area
SW-14 0 to I I Grab l NA Total PCBs (Aroclorsl I x \-liter amber bottles Ice; cool to 4 °C
SW-15 0 to I Grab NA Total PCBs (Aroclors) 1 x I-liter amber bottles ! lee; cool to 4 °C
PCB Conl!encrs 1 x I-liter amber bottles ! Ice; cool to 4 °C
SW-16 0 to I Grab NA Total PC Os (Aroclors) 3 x I-liter amber bottles Ice; cool to 4 °C
(MS/MSD) ' PCB Com!encrs 1 x I-liter amber bottles Ice; cool to 4 °C
SW-17 0 to I Grab NA Total PCBs (Aroclors) 1 x I-liter amber bottles Ice; cool to 4 °C
Dup. of SW-PCB Congeners 1 x I-liter amber bottles Ice; cool to 4 °C
I 5)
I MATRIX: FISH TISSUE
Brier Creek Reservoir Arca
FB-34 NA Comp. ' 3 to 5 PCB Congeners Aluminum foil; re-scalable ' Freezer or ·dry ice
Percent Lioids plastic bags
FB-35 NA Comp. 3 to 5 i PCB Congeners Aluminum foil; re-sealable Freezer or dry ice i ! Percent Lioids n\astic baos
Crabtree Creek -Uostream of Lake Crabtree
Ff-36 NA Comp. Up to 6 Total PCBs (Aroclors) Aluminum foil; re-scalable Freezer or dry ice
Percent Lioids olastie barrs i
Ff-37 NA Comp. ! Up to 6 Total PCBs (Aroclors) Aluminum foil; re-scalable Freezer or dry ice I Percent Lioids olastic bags
Ff-38 NA l Comp. Up to 6 Total PCBs (Aroclors) Aluminum foil; re-scalable Freezer or dry ice
1 Percent Lioids olastic bat!s
Crabtree Creek -Downstream of Lake Crabtree
Wetland Area At RaleiP:h Boulevard/Buckeve Trail
Ff-39 ! NA ! Comp. ! Up to 6 Total PCBs (Aroclors) Aluminum foil; re-scalable Freezer or dry ice
Percent Lioids olastic ba2.s
Ff-40 l NA j Comp. Up to 6 ! Total PCBs (Aroclors) Aluminum foil; re-scalable Freezer or dry ice I ' l ! Percent Lioids nlastic baos
K:\EPA START 12587\0336 Ward Transforn1er NPL Site\Reports\Ward Transfonner SSSP _ Downstream_Rev J_Final.wpd
I
I
•
TABLE 6
•
Site-Specific Sampling Plan -Downstream Sampling 2006
Ward Transfonner Site
Revision 3
Date: February 23, 2006
DCN, WSI-Wf2-00IJ
ANALYSES, REQUIRED SAMPLE CONTAINERS, AND PRESERVATIVES
WARD TRANSFORMER SITE (Continued)
Depth Comp.I No. of
Samole No. (feet\ Grab? Allouots Analvsls Samole Container. Preservation
I MATRIX: FISH TISSUE (Concluded)
Crabtree Creek -Downstream of Lake Crabtree (Concluded)
Mouth/Confluence with Neuse Rh·er
Ff-41 NA Comp. Up to 6 Total PCBs (Aroclors) i Aluminum foil; re-scalable Freezer or dry ice
Percent Lipids i plastic bags
! ! \ Aluminum foil; re-scalable Ff-42 NA Comp. ! Up to 6 Total PCBs (Aroclors) Freezer or dry ice
i l Percent Lipids i plastic bags
Crabtree Creek Tributaries
Between Lake Crabtree and Confluence with Neuse Rh·er
Ff-43 NA Comp. Up to 6 Total PCBs (Aroclors) i Aluminum foil; rc-sealablc Freezer or dry ice
! Percent Lipids ! plastic bags
Ff-44 NA Comp. Up to 6 Total PCBs (Aroclors) Aluminum foil; re-scalable Freezer or dry ice
Percent Lipids plastic bags
Ff-45 NA Comp. Up to 6 Total PCBs (Aroclors) Aluminum foil; re-scalable Freezer or dry ice
Percent Lipids : plastic baus
Ff-46 NA Comp. Up to 6 Total PCBs (Aroclors) I Aluminum foil; re-scalable Freezer or dry ice
Percent Lipids I olastic ba2s
Neuse River
Ff-47 NA Comp. Up to 6 Total PCBs (Aroclors) Aluminum foil; re-scalable Freezer or dry ice
Percent Lioids plastic bags
Ff-48 NA Comp. Up to 6 Total PCBs (Aroclors) Aluminum foil; re-scalable Freezer or dry ice
Percent Lioids plastic bags
Ff-49 ! NA Comp. Up to 6 Total PCl3s (Aroclors) : Aluminum foil; re-scalable Freezer or dry ice
Percent Lipids plastic bags
Ff-50 ! NA Comp. I Up to 6 Total PCBs (Aroclors) Aluminum foil; re-scalable Freezer or dry ice
; ' Percent Linids nlastic baus
K:\EPA START 12587\0336 Ward Transfom1er NPL Site\Reporu\Ward Tra.nsfonner SSSP _ Downstream_Rev J_Final.wpd
I
-
•
TABLE6
•
Site-Specific Sampling Plan• Downstream Sampling 2006
Ward Transformer Sile
Revision J
Oatc: February 23, 2006
DCN: WSI-WT2-00I3
ANALYSES, REQUIRED SAMPLE CONTAINERS, AND PRESERY ATIVES
WARD TRANSFORMER SITE (Concluded)
:-.IATRIX: QA/QC BLANKS
Rinsate Blanks
RB-02
RB-03
Tri Blanks
TB-S-01
Notes: PCB
oz
Comp,
SD
SW
QA/QC.
FB
HCI
HNO, voe
. Pesi/PCB
NA Orab
NA Orab
NA Grab
NA Grab
Polychlorinatcd biphenyls
Ounce
Composite
Sediment
Surface water
NA
NA
NA
NA
Quality assurance/quality control
Whole body rish
Hydrochloric acid
Nitric acid
Vofotile organic compounds
Pesticides/total PCBs (Aroclors)
voes
SVOCs, Pcst/PC13s
PCB Congener.,
Metab;
C anide
voes
SVOCs, Pest/PCBs
PCB Congeners
Metals
C anlde
voes
SVOCs, Pcst/PCBs
PCB Congeners
Metals
C anide
voes
·c
mL
NA ss
RB
TB
FT
TBD
NaOH svoc
3 x 40-mL vials
4 x I-liter amber bottles
I x I -liter amber boitlc
I x I-liter poly bottle
I x 1-litcr ol bottle
3 x 40-mL vials
4 x I -liter amber bottles
I x I-liter amber bottle
I x I-liter poly bottle
l x I-liter ol bottle
3 x 40-mL vials
4 x I-liter amber bottles
I x I-liter amber bottle
I x I-liter poly bottle
I x 1-liter ol
Degrees Celsius
Milliliter
Not Applicable
Surface soii
Rinsate blank
Trip blank
Fillet fish
To be determined
Sodium hydroxide
bottle
Semivolatile organic compounds
HCI pH <2', Ice
Ice; cool to 4 'C
Ice; cool to 4 "C
HNO, pH <2, Ice
NaOH H >12, Ice
HCI pH <2', Ice
fcei cool to 4 °C
Ice; cool to 4 °c
HNO, pH <2, lee
NaOH H >12, Ice
HCI pH <2", Ice
Ice; cool to 4 °C
Ice; cool to 4 °C
HNO3 pH <2, Ice
NaOH H>12,lcc
lee; cool to 4 "C
1 = In accordance with Method 5035, samples for volatile organic compound analysis will be collected with the EnCorcTM samf)ling device.
Within each arel.l ofintcrest, sotl and/or sediment samples collected from lhe Oto 1 ~foot depth interval ond analyzed for PCB Congeners may
also be analyzed for tolal organic carbon (TOC) and grain size (GSA). The specific samples/locations to be analyzed for these parameters
will be determined in tbe field and based on field conditions,
K:\Ef>A START 12587\03~ Wm! Transformer NPL Si1e\Repom\W;ud Tr;msfo~t SSSP _ oownsucam_Rev 3_Fimil,wpd
•
6 sedimenVSurtace water
.A Sedlmont (Mullplo OeplhS)IS\I~-Waler
0 SOil
• Soll (Col1"4)0sll•)
-\Mike Councy Streams
-Historical SlfHffl Chann .. LocaUon
■ Prevlout Sediment Samples
w•• s
0 JOO 8()0 ....
WarfJ Transformer
R11.,;gh, Wake County, North Carolina
FIGURE 2
SAMPLINO LOCATIONS
BRIER CREEK RESERVOIR AREA
6 Secnment/Surllce V\later
A Secn,non1 (Mullplo Oepth>)/Su~-Water
O sot1
-Wike County Streams
BASEMA.P/AERIAl SOURCE
WIIM County <MS
w*• s
300 1100 Foot
Ward Transfo,mer
Raleigh, Wake County, North Carolina
FIGURE 2
SAMPLING LOCATIONS
BRIER CREEK RESERVOIR AREA
1------( ................... --, I J. 0uanCtaliM. app-GIOffi.ala ... lo lmttMOft& ~ .... l'M' .,_iycontrol,..,.;.. u • PCBs w.t• Malyud r«, but not CMt.cted I TMeMOdeled~..,..,_it,N...,,.,.ie~onimtl IW•PCS...,•~edfw,butnot~ n,,. ~ numtrica Yalw • l'I• .U!Mtad u,nph q,,anitnonlfflll 6 SedffllnUSurface 1/t/aler A Sediment (M-Depths)/Sur!ace water -wake County Streams -Historical Strum Channel Location ■ Previous Sediment Samples ~*· ' .,. ,.,,. -~.,..,.,.,,;, ·_o_\ f~, \;,,_,,._"cl \l\lard Transformer Rale,gh. Wike County, Nofth Carolina FIGURE l SAMPLING LOCA TlONS LAKE CRABTREE AREA
(WATER TOWER Of'F1CE ASSOCIATES)
,
____ l t_a , ''
, ,
, , ,
(JW..EIGH-DURI 1AM AIRPORTI
; ., ;
., .,
I
I
I
,
. . . . . . .... ~--.: ... -. . ..
r:)r ~ct • -
°'."V!·vu
~ ,\kl 1 I R,.\,,'il t 1f{!1.1hR "'•~w,.._.., IN• 1
Grave Pan, ng La:
------cl .. Rfot"l'B M 'l)
Pl-1\tMVJ-f" o\1.kH>!'I:•
Triangle
Equipment -co
---------
-----------
RI\<\.'\'
!Ill M,\11..fl 1+1.;_tA'l'L~'-i
ViMrl
lnlern11uon1I
LEGEND
Surlace Hydrography
N Fence
/V Low Fence
N Trail
N Road
N Curbing ,,, Parcel Boundary
Transformer Area
D Grass
~Ai Parking, Unpaved
Q:J Parking, Paved
D Vegetation/Gravel
Structure
Wooded Area
......... Propeny Owner '""°""' Lli:,
BASE MAP SOURCE: Wake County GIS, 1999.
N W.E
s
"" .. 120 Feet
@ -:t''~.,~,
t&\
' i ~~,.,,,,.,. .. r::-
Ward Transformer
Raleigh, Wake County, North Carolina
Figure 1
Ward Transformer
Site Map
-
-
.\
i
.-'
Two-., hh/sedmortHml)i!ll locabOns
._.., be Mf.ec:ted In two aibutaty streams IO
CrabCJH Creek. The uact ,.,.,...ng toe.ltions
have not bNn idenbfted at thil lime and, as a
,-yl_ .,. not ilultrated.
Legend
* -Proposod Sedmen< Samples
-, ,_
D
D
-·~ wake County UlketlStreanw
Township Bo<Jndllries
Umstead St.le Par\
Cf'lblN CrNk W.taMed
Roods
0 --('Fal2005Ro11So .... )
■ Sediment (Multiple Oopths)
.. Fl,M;ed .....
PrWtous Sediment Samptes
■ Octobe,2004
T:\Ward_~nsfonner'VNds\crabttee_to_nelae.mr-d -2117/200& C 12:43·11 PM
BASE MAP SOURCE· w.l<eCounryGIS
' ,.
I ,
3.500 7.000 ---===•-05 2 ---===-----.....
~ /--:
' 1-';.,.>, ,-.:-,_I
' .. <
~ ;-.. ,it
Ward Transformer
Raleigh, Wake County, North Carolina
FIGURE 4
SAMPLING LOCATIONS
LAKE CRABTREE TO
NEUSE RIVER
'
. 4.
J . ( .. ~
..I
....
--·
'· "
• •
United States Department of the Interior
FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE
Raleigh Field Office
Post Office Box 33726
Raleigh, North Carolina 27636-3726
December 22, 2005
Mr. Luis Flores, Remedial Project Manager
North Superfund Remedial Branch
Waste Management Division
-U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Atlanta Federal Center
6 I Forsyth Street
Atlanta, Georgia 30303-8960
Dear Mr. Flores:
frtRi"[B)ri&~©~&~v;;-;1 \1;-;;-'!/ -:::::-&J-m
lfilJ DEC 2 7 _z 005 ~j
SUPERFUND SECTION
The U.S Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) appreciates the opportunity to review the Ward Transformer
Site-Specific Sampling Plan (SSSP) (Revision I) for downstream sampling scheduled in early 2006.
These comments are intended as technical assistance for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's
(USEPA) assessments and planning conducted pursuant to the Comprehensive Environmental Response,
Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980, as amended (42 U-8.C. 9601 et seq.); they do not represent any
position that the U.S. Department of the Interior may adopt concerning possible injury to natural
resources under their trusteeship.
An evaluation of contaminant concentrations in floodplain soils has been a significant data gap in the
ecological risk assessment to date; consequently, we are pleased to see that soil sampling has been
proposed for downstream areas. Our specific recommendations for incorporation into the final sampling
and analysis plan for the upcoming data collection event follow:
l. A total of 19 composite soil samples will be collected from the floodplains of Brier Creek
Reservoir and Lake Crabtree Areas. The revised SSSP for Reach A indicates that two soil
composite samples were collected. Pending the results of those collections (to determine whether
concentrations of contaminants on potential concern (CO PCs) exceed screening levels), soil
invertebrate bioaccumulation tests will be performed. We recommend (consistent with our dialog
with EPA's Science and Ecosystem Support Division (SESD) Laboratory staff and site
contractors during the week of 11/28/05) that additional bulk soil samples be collected and
archived for floodplain areas downstream such that soil invertebrate bioaccumulation testing can
be performed (if warranted based on soil COPC concentration) at a later date without the need for
additional sampling. We recommend that the SSSP be revised to indicate that follow-up soil
invertebrate bioaccumulation studies will be conducted in these areas if floodplain soil COPC
concentrations exceed screening levels.
2. In the Lake Crabtree Area, the proposed additional floodplain soil sample locations and rationale
appear reasonable based on recreational use concerns (and a need to fill data gaps in the human
health risk assessment); however, for the remaining three floodplain samples for which the exact
sample location has yet to be determined, we recommend targeting those collections to areas
where contamination is likely to be highest·(e.g., the floodplain soils in Lake Crabtree Sector A
•
west of Aviation Parkway). Exact sample locations should target likely depositional areas based
on observations and records from past flooding events.
3. We recommend that all additional soil and sediment samples be analyzed for congener-specific
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), grain size, and total organic carbon at all locations.
4. No additional biota sampling is proposed in this SSSP; however, it appears that the majority of
the whole body fish sampling conducted to date has focused on sunfish as a target species. A
limited number of whole body largemouth bass and catfish samples were analyzed. during the Fall
2004 sampling event in Lake Crabtree (two individuals for each species); no whole body samples
for these species were collected from Brier Creek Reservoir. Based on the limited data set and
the use of these areas by bald eagles and other raptors for foraging, additional whole body
sampling of these fish species appears prudent so that risks to bald eagles and other carnivorous
raptors can be assessed with greater certainty.
5. We have previously noted that it is important to expand on benthic invertebrate contaminant
residue studies to address dietary exposure to higher trophic level receptors. This additional level
of assessment could be performed initially by targeting areas of known contamination that exceed
levels of concern to gauge potential accumulation of CO PCs in benthic fauna. More rigorous
sampling could then be explored subsequent to the upcoming sampling event if warranted by
results of a limited preliminary data collection effort.
6. Plans for additional ·data collection in 2006 provide an opportunity to more closely monitor
reproductive success of the bald eagle nest in the vicinity. If the nest is active again.in 2006, we
recommend field-based analysis of hatching success (through monitoring of the nest) and
collection of any post-fledge unhatched eggs for COPC analysis.
Thank you for the opportunity to comment on the SSSP for areas downstream of the Ward
Transformer Site. We would be happy to discuss any of the above recommendations with you
further. If you have any questions regarding our comments or would like to meet to discuss the
sampling plan, please contact me at Sara_ [e-mail] or 919/856-4520 (ext. 30).
cc: Mr. Greg Hogue, REO, DOVOEPC, Atlanta, GA
Dr. Bill Starke!, FWS, AES/HC, Atlanta, GA
Dr. Diane Beeman, FWS, AES/HC, Atlanta, GA
Acting Chief, USEPAIETAG, Atlanta, GA
Mr. Paul Schrot, Weston Solutions
Mr. Brian Magee, Weston Solutions
NCDSWM-Superfund Section, Raleigh, NC
Dr. Tom Dillon, NOAA, Atlanta, GA
Sincerely,
Sara Ward
Ecologist
Contract No.
TDD No.
Date Prepared
DCN
Work Order No.
•
SITE-SPECIFIC SAMPLING PLAN
REACH A SAMPLING
•
WARD TRANSFORMER SITE
RALEIGH, WAKE COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
EPA ID No. NCD003202603
Revision 2
Prepared for
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Region 4
Atlanta, Georgia 30303
EPA Work Assignment Manager
Telephone No.
68-W-00-123
4W-05-09-A-001
December 8, 2005
WSI-WT2-0007
12587.001.001.0336
Luis Flores
404-562-8807
Prepared by
ST ART Project Manager
Telephone No.
Approved:
Alexis K. Ande
START -2 Site Assessment Coordinator/Quality
Assurance Reviewer
Weston Solutions, Inc. -START-2
Paul H. Schrot
919-424-2245
K:\EPA START 12587\0336 Ward Transformer NPL Site\Repor1s\Wan.l Transfonner SSSP_Reach A_Rev 2.wpd
•
CONTENTS
Section
•
Site-Specific Sampling Plan• Reach A Sampling
Ward Transformer Site
Revision 2
Date: December 2005
DCN, WSI-WTZ-0007
1.0 INTRODUCTION ......... , , , ...................... , , , , , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2.0 SITE BACKGROUND .......................................... , • , •.... , ... , . , 2
2.1 SITE DESCRIPTION ............... _ ...................... -. . . . . . . . . . . . 2
3.0 PROPOSED SAMPLING PLAN ............................... , ................. 3
3.I SEDIMENT SAMPLING ................................................ 4
3.2 SURFACE WATER SAMPLING ................... -...................... 6
3.3 SOIL INVERTEBRATE BIOACCUMULA TION TEST ......... -. -. . . . . . . . . . . . 7.
3.4 SOIL SAMPLING ......................... _ ....................... -. -. -8
3.5 QUALITY ASSURANCE/QUALITY CONTROL AND ANALYSIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
4.0 FIELD WORK SUMMARY .................................. , ................. 10
5.0 DISPOSAL OF INVESTIGATION-DERIVED WASTE ............................. 10
REFERENCES .................................................................... 12
K:\EPA START 12587\0336 Ward Transfonner NPL Sitc\Rcporu\Ward Transfom1er SSSP _Reach A_Rev 2.wpd
ii
•
Appendix A -FIGURES
Figures
I SITE LAYOUT MAP
APPENDICES
•
Site-Specific Sampling Plan• Reach A Sampling
Ward Transformer Site
Revision 2
Date: December 2005
DCN, WSI-WTZ-0007
2 PROPOSED SAMPLING LOCATIONS FOR REACH A -DECEMBER 2005
Appendix B -TABLES
Tables
I SEDIMENT SAMPLING LOCATIONS AND RATIONALE
2 SURFACE WATER SAMPLING LOCATIONS AND RATIONALE
3 SOIL SAMPLING LOCATIONS AND RATIONALE
4 QUALITY ASSURANCE AND QUALITY CONTROL SAMPLING PLAN
5 ANALYTICAL METHODOLOGY, REQUIRED SAMPLE CONTAINERS, AND
PRESERVATIVES
K:\EPA START 1258710336 Ward Tnmsfom1er NP':, Sice\Reports\Ward Transfom1er SSSP _Reach A_Rev 2.wpd
Ill
•
1.0 INTRODUCTION
•
Site-Specific Sampling Plan -Reach A Sampling
Ward Transfonner Site
Revision 2
Date: December 2005
DCN, WSI-Wf2-0001
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has tasked Weston Solutions, Inc. (Weston) Superfund
Technical Assessment and Response Team-2 (START-2) to conduct additional sampling activities related
to the Ward Transformer National Priorities List (NPL) Site, under Contract Number (No.) 68-W-00-123,
Technical Direction Document No. 4W-05-09-A-00 I. The general purpose of the sampling is to support the
ongoing Remedial Investigation (RI) and associated Risk Assessments, including the Baseline Human Health
Risk Assessment (BHHRA) and the Baseline Ecological Risk Assessment (BERA), being completed for the
Ward Transformer NPL Site. The RI and associated Risk Assessments are being completed by Weston, on
behalfofEPA, via Remedial Action Contract (RAC) No. 68-W?-00-26 (Ref. I).
Based on the results from the RI and input from the local community/stakeholders, additional sediment and
surface water samples are proposed to be collected from and adjacent to the unnamed tributary to Little Brier
Creek (also referred to as Reach A), located immediately downstream and west of the facility. Also, bulk
soil/sediment samples will be collected from areas immediately adjacent to Reach A and used in a controlled
laboratory setting to conduct bioaccumulation tests on soil invertebrates (earthworms). In addition, soil
samples may be collected from a drainage way area impacted by overland flow of potentially contaminated
stormwater runoff. The samples are being collected to further characterize potential human health and
ecological risk associated with site-related contaminants, and to further characterize the extent of
contamination. The results of this additional sampling, along with the RVBHHRNBERA for the Ward
Transformer NPL Site, will be used to develop remedial alternatives in the Feasibility Study (FS) to address
contamination that poses unacceptable risks to human health and the environment. In addition, the analytical
results of the additional samples will be used to assess the need ofa potential Removal Action in the area of
the unnamed tributary to Little Brier Creek.
All activities and procedures discussed and described in this site-specific sampling plan (SSSP) will be
presented and conducted in accordance with the EPA Region 4-approved Weston START-2 Quality
Management Plan (QMP), the EPA Region 4 Science and Ecosystems Support Division (SESD)
Environmental Investigations Standard Operating Procedures Quality Assurance Manual (EISOPQAM), and
K:\EPA ST ART 12S87\0336 Ward Transfonner NPL Site\Reporu\Ward Transfonner SSSP _Reach A_Rcv 2.wpd
• •
Site-Specific Sampling Plan -Reach A Sampling
Ward Transfonner Site
Revision 2
Date: December 2005
DCN, WSI-WTZ-0007
the EPA Region 4 Emergency Response and Removal Branch (ERRB) Quality Assurance Project Plan
(QAPP) (Refs. 2; 3; 4).
Objectives of the SSSP include the following:
Briefly discuss the site background information. Section 2.0 describes the site.
Identify the numbers and types of samples, describe the sampling rationale, and discuss the sampling
methodology. Section 3.0 describes the proposed sampling locations and methodology.
Ensure that all Data Quality Objectives (DQO) will be developed in accordance with prescribed
guidance documents, including the EPA Region 4 EISOPQAM, and the EPA Region 4 ERRB QAPP
(Refs. 3; 4). These DQOs specifically apply to samphng locations, sample types, sampling
procedures, use of data, and quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) samples (Ref. 3).
2.0 SITE BACKGROUND
This section briefly describes the site and surrounding properties. In an effort to streamline this SSSP, please
refer to the September 2004 Ward Transformer Site Revised Remedial Investigation and Risk Assessment
Report (RI Report) for detailed information related to the site, such as current and past operations, including
waste disposal practices and regulatory history; regional geology and hydrogeology; previous environmental
investigations; on-site source areas; and the ecological setting (Ref. I).
2.1 SITE DESCRIPTION
The Ward Transformer facility is located along Mount Herman Road, north of Aviation Parkway, in a
predominantly industrial area of Raleigh, Wake County, North Carolina. The facility is located 600 feet south
of the Northern Wake Expressway/Interstate (1)-540 (outer loop), 1,000 feet southwest of U.S. Highway 70,
and is adjacent to and east of property owned by the Raleigh-Durham International Airport. The northern
portion of the property is occupied by a building, now vacant, that was leased circa 1976 to 2002 to Horizon
Forest Products, a lumber supply business. Estes Transport Co., a trucking company, leases the property to
the south (see Figure 1, Site Layout Map, located in Appendix A of this SSSP). The Triangle Coatings
facility, a plastic and metal parts painting company, and Visara International, Inc. occupy properties located
across Mount Herman Road and east of the site (Ref. 1 ).
K:\EPA START 1258710336 Ward Transformer NPL Site\Reporu\Ward Transfom1er SSSP _Reach A_Rcv 2.wpd
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• •
Site-Specific Sampling Plan -Reach A Sampling
Ward Transformer Site
Revision 2
Date: December 2005
DCN, WSI-WT2-0007
The facility was built on approximately 11 acres of previously undeveloped land in 1964 and electrical
transformers have been reconditioned at the site since that time. The property contains a reconditioning
facility, offices, transformer storage yard, and stormwater management lagoon. From 1964 through 1978,
some of the transformers received at the facility contained PCB-containing insulating oil. Numerous
environmental investigations conducted over the past 25 years have documented the release of PCBs at the
Ward Transformer Site and the migration of PCBs downstream of the property (Ref. 1).
The Ward Transformer Site (CERCLIS No. NCD003202603) is active and is owned by Ward Transformer
Sales & Service. Prior to circa 1996, the site was owned by another Ward family corporation (e.g., Ward
Transformer Company). The Ward Transformer Site was proposed to be included on the NPL on September
5, 2002. Final listing occurred on April 30, 2003 (Ref. l ).
3.0 PROPOSED SAMPLING PLAN
The purpose of this SSSP is to describe and document the planned sediment, surface water, and soil sampling,
along with the soil invertebrate bioaccumulation testing, which are being conducted to further characterize
potential human health and ecological risk associated with site-related contaminants, and to further
characterize the extent of contamination within the unnamed tributary to Little Brier Creek. This portion of
the downstream surface water pathway is also referred to as Reach A in the RI Report and associated
documents. This SSSP was developed based on concerns expressed by the local community/stakeholders.
Additional sampling to be conducted downstream of the Ward Transformer Site, particularly in the vicinity
of Lake Crabtree and Brier Creek Reservoir, will be addressed in a separate SSSP.
This SSSP proposes the collection of 21 sediment samples, including a duplicate, and four surface water
samples, including a duplicate, from locations along the unnamed tributary to Little Brier Creek (Reach A).
In addition, three soil samples, including a duplicate, from two locations, are proposed to be collected.
Sample locations proposed in this SSSP are illustrated on Figure 2, located in Appendix A. In addition,
Figure 2 also illustrates various previous RI sample locations and their analytical results. Tables l through
4 in Appendix B of this SSSP identify the number of samples, types of samples proposed, and the rationale
K:IEPA START 1258710336 Ward Transfom1er NPL Si1e\Reporu\Ward Transformer SSSP _Reach A_Rev 2.wpd
3
• •
Site-Specific Sampling Plan• Reach A Sampling
Ward Transfonner Site
Revision 2
Date: December 2005
DCN, WSI-Wf2-0007
for each sampling location. Table 5 in Appendix B of this SSSP presents analytical methodology for each
sample matrix, as well as the appropriate sample container and preservative.
Sediment, surface water, and soil samples will be submitted to an EPA Contract Laboratory Program (CLP)
laboratory and analyzed for total PCBs (Aroclors) in accordance with EPA 's CLP Statement of Work (SOW)
for Organics Analysis (OLM04.3) (Refs. 5-6). Bulk soil/sediment samples collected for the bioaccumulation
test will also be analyzed through an EPA CLP laboratory for low-level PCB Congeners. After exposure to
the bulk soil/sediment, earthworm tissue samples will be submitted to EPA CLP laboratories and analyzed
for total PCBs (Aroclors) and low-level PCB Congeners, for the purposes of assessing ecological risk, in
accordance with EPA's CLP SOW for Organics Analysis (OLM04.3) and SOW for Analysis of Chlorinated
Biphenyl Congeners (CBC0l.l)( Refs. 5-6; 10). Laboratory QNQC procedures will be conducted in
accordance with the EPA ElSOPQAM, and the National Functional Guidelines and Data Validation Standard
Operating Procedures (SOPs) for CLP Routine Analytical Services, Version 2.1 (Refs. 3; 7-8).
Section 3 . I provides details on sediment samples to be collected during the investigation, Section 3 .2
discusses the proposed surface water samples to be collected, Section 3.3 describes the sampling of
soil/sediment to used for the invertebrate (earthworm) bioaccumulation testing, Section 3.4 provides details
on soil samples to be collected, and Section 3.5 discusses additional QNQC samples which will be collected
as required by the EPA EISOPQAM (Ref. 3).
3.1 SEDIMENT SAMPLING
This SSSP proposes the collection of 2 I sediment samples, including a duplicate, from 12 locations (SD-50
through SD-61) along the unnamed tributary to Little Brier Creek. In an effort not to duplicate sample
location identifiers, the sample identifiers for this round of sampling were chosen to begin with SD-50. The
last round of sediment samples collected as part of RI activities ended with SD-49.
The sediment samples will be collected across the stream width, from midstream and bank locations, and will
be located between sediment sample locations (SD-04 through SD-I 0) collected in May 2003 as part of the
RI. Sediment samples collected from midstream locations (i.e, SD-51, SD-54, SD-57, and SD-60) will be
collected at 3 depths per each location (0-l ft, l-2 ft, 2-3 ft). Sediment samples collected from bank locations
(i.e., SD-50 and SD-52, SD-53 and SD-55, SD-56 and SD-58, and SD-59 and SD-61) will be collected at a
K:\EPA START \2S87\0336 Ward Trunsfom1er NPL Site\Reports\Ward Transfom1er SSSP _Reach A_Rcv 2.wpd
4
• •
Site-Specific Sampling Plan -Reach A Sampling
Ward Transformer Site
Revision 2
Date: December 2005
DCN, WSI-Wf2-0007
depth of 0 to I ft. Bank sample locations will be chosen based on those areas most likely to receive sediment
deposition, as when the waterbody over floods its banks. Consequently, the bank locations may change
slightly based on field conditions. Two of the four upstream bank sample locations (i.e., SD-50, -52, -53, and
-55) will be bulk samples of sediment collected for PCB bioaccumulation tests on earthworms. These bulk
samples are discussed in more detail in Section 3.3.
Figure 2 in Appendix A illustrates the proposed sediment sample locations (depicted as SOSO through SD61 ),
as well as RI sediment samples previously collected from Reach A. Table I in Appendix B lists the proposed
locations and rationale for the sediment samples to be collected. The samples labeled as A through C on
Table I are proposed to be collected at depths of0 to I foot, I to 2 feet, and 2 to 3 feet, respectively. Several
background sediment samples have been collected as part of previous sampling events associated with the
RI. Consequently, this SSSP does not propose the collection of additional background sediment samples.
Sediment samples will be collected from downstream to upstream locations to prevent disturbing subsequent
sampling locations. Those that are co-located with surface water locations will be collected after the surface
water has been sampled to minimize the entrainment of sediments in the surface water samples. To avoid
cross•contamination and/or impacts from disturbance of the sediments, the sampler will remain downstream
with respect to the sample location while collecting the sample. A direct-push coring device with an acetate
sleeve will be used to collect sediments from midstream where samples will be collected at 3 depths per each
location (0-1 ft, 1-2 ft, 2-3 ft). The coring device will be pushed and/or hammered into the substrate. Areas
with hard substrates will not be sampled for sediment quality should refusal occur. The corer is then extracted
from the sediment and the material from the sleeve is emptied into a stainless-steel bowl. Sediment samples
from bank locations will be collected using a stainless-steel hand auger.
Sediment samples will be homogenized by mixing in the stainless-steel bowl with a stainless-steel trowel
before being transferred to the appropriate sample containers. To maximize the percent solids in each sample,
excess water will be decanted from the sample bowl. Decontaminated sample collection equipment will be
used at each sample location to minimize cross-contamination. The samples will be sent by courier or hand-
delivered to a predesignated EPA CLP laboratory. All samples will be collected and placed on ice in
accordance with the EPA EISOPQAM (Ref. 3).
Sediment sample characteristics will be noted in the field logboo_k for each sediment sample collected. After
K:\EPA START 1258710336 Ward Tra.nsfonner NPL Site\Keports\Ward Tra11sfom1er SSSP _Reach A_Rev 2.wpd
5
-··-·-·-·····-·-····"·· ·····---·-··-----····-........ ·------·"'"'" .. ·----_____________________ ,, ____ , __ ,,_ ----------• •
Site-Specific Sampling Plan -Reach A Sampling
Ward Transfonner Site
Revision 2
Date: December 2005
DCN; WSJ-WT2-0007
sampling locations have been identified, ST ART-2 will record the locations using a Global Positioning
System (GPS) unit. In addition, all sample locations will be photodocumented and recorded in the field
logbook.
3.2 SURFACE WATER SAMPLING
This SSSP proposes the collection of four surface water samples (SW-IO through SW-13), including a
duplicate, from three locations along the along the unnamed tributary to Little Brier Creek, in order to confirm
previous surface water sampling results. In an effort not to duplicate sample location numbers/identifiers,
the sample identifiers for this round of sampling were chosen to begin with SW-10. The last round of surface
water samples collected as part of RI activities ended with SW-09.
One surface water sample (SW-10) will be collected from Reach A, near the proposed sediment sample
cluster ofSD-56 through SD-58, and co-located with sediment sample location SD-57. Surface water sample
SW-I I will be collected from Reach A, in the vicinity of proposed sediment sample cluster SD-59 through
SD-61, and co-located with sediment sample location SD-60. Surface water samples SW-12 and SW-13 will
be collected from Reach A, just upstream of Reach A's terminus. Sample SW-13 will be a duplicate of
sample SW-12, collected as a QA/QC measure
Figure 2 in Appendix A of this SSSP illustrates the proposed surface water sample locations. Table 2 in
Appendix B lists the proposed locations and rationale for the surface water samples to be collected.
Background surface water samples have been collected as part of previous sampling events associated with
the RI. Consequently, this SSSP does not propose the collection of additional background surface water
samples.
Surface water samples will be collected from downstream to upstream to prevent disturbing subsequent
sampling locations. Those that are co-located with sediment locations will be collected prior to collection
of the sediment sample to minimize the entrainment of sediments in the surface water samples. Field
personnel will minimize the collection of suspended sediments during sampling. Surface water samples will
be collected directly into sample bottles whenever possible. The sampler will wade into the water, face up-
stream and c·ollect the sample without disturbing the sediment. If the water is too shallow to immerse the
sample bottles, surface water will be collected in a stainless-steel trowel and transferred into the sample bottle.
K:\EPA START 12587\0336 Ward Transfomier NPL Sitc\Reporu\Ward Transfonner SSSP _Reach A_Rev 2.wpd
6
• •
Site-Specific Sampling Plan -Reach A Sampling
Ward Transformer Site
Revision 2
Date: December 2005
DCN, WSI-Wf2-0007
All samples will be collected and placed on ice in accordance with the EPA EISOPQAM (Ref. 3). The
samples will be sent by courier or hand-delivered to a predesignated EPA CLP laboratory. All surface water
samples will be analyzed for total PCBs (Aroclors).
Surface water sample characteristics will be noted in the field logbook for each surface water sample
collected. After sampling locations have been identified, START-2 will record the locations using a OPS
unit. In addition, all sample locations will be photodocumented and recorded in the field logbook.
3.3 SOIL INVERTEBRATE BIOACCUMULATION TEST
Be[ng in nearly constant contact with the soil, soil invertebrates are continually exposed to soil contamination.
In addition, soil invertebrates account for the majority of animal biomass in soil and are preyed upon by a
number of secondary consumers. The quantitation of earthworm tissue stressor burdens will be the focus of
this component of the investigation. Earthworms are important in agricultural, forest, pasture, and natural
herbaceous soils, where they play a significant role in the development of soil fertility and structure by
enhancing permeability, aeration, and decomposition processes. Because earthworms survive by ingesting
soils and extracting metabolizable nutrients, they can also bioaccumulate chemicals from the soil and, in tum,
transfer these chemicals to predators, such as birds, shrews, amphibians, and moles. Exposure to soil
invertebrates, particularly earthworms, and subsequent trophic trans fer may be responsible for adverse
impacts to soil invertebrate predators at the site.
The primary objective of this sampling task is to determine contaminant concentrations in earthworm tissue.
Tissue concentrations will be incorporated in the BERA to evaluate contaminant exposure to insectivorous
or omnivorous birds and mammals through food chain modeling.
Bulk samples of soil/sediment from 0-to 12-inch depth intervals will be collected from two of the upstream
riparian area sediment sample transect locations along the unnamed tributary to Little Brier Creek (i.e., SD-
50, -51, and -52; and SD-53, -54, and -55) for conducting PCB bioaccumulation tests on earthworms. Each
bulk soil/sediment sample will consist of a minimum volume of 3 gallons and will be homogenized in the
field and transferred to a polyethylene bucket or bags. Sub-samples of the bulk soil/sediment samples will
be collected for total PCBs (Aroclor) and low-level PCB Congener analyses, as discussed in Section 3.1. The
bulk soil/sediment samples will be shipped to the EPA SESD Laboratory in Athens, Georgia and will be held
K:\EPA START 12587\0336 Ward Transfom1er NPL Site\Reports\Ward Tr.111sfonner SSSP _Reach A_Rev 2.wpd
7
• •
Site-Spccilic Sampling Plan -Reach A Sampling
Ward Transformer Sice
Revision 2
Date: December 2005
DCN, WSI-Wf2--0007
under refrigeration pending receipt and review of the toial PCBs (Aroclor) results to determine whether
sufficient PCBs are present in the samples to initiate the bioaccumulation testing.
The soil/sediment bioaccumulation tests will be performed using a modification of the "Eisenia foetida
Toxicity Test for Soils" described in Greene et al. (Ref. I I). Adult earthworms, fully clitellate (>60 days
old), will be used and the duration of the bioaccumulation tests will be 28 days. The test vessels will be
checked every 7 days and dead worms will be counted and removed. The soils will then be hydrated with
deionized water, if necessary. In order to obtain adequate£. foetida tissue for chemical analyses ( ~ 50 grams
wet weight), the bioaccumulation tests will be modified to use larger exposure vessels with more soil and
organisms. Four replicates will be set up for each test or control soil ( containing approximately 1,000 grams
of soil) and a minimum of 15 grams of E.foetida (approximately 50 -75 adult earthworms) will be added to
the sample. At the completion of the 28-day exposure, the earthworms will be collected from the soils,
enumerated, weighed, and combined. The worms will then be frozen without depuration, in preparation for
processing and shipment to an EPA CLP laboratory for total PCBs (Aroclors) and !ow-level PCB Congener
analyses. Data collected on earthworm PCB concentrations will be used in the ecological risk assessment as
site-specific bioaccumulation factors for food chain modeling of exposures to higher trophic level receptors.
3.4 SOIL SAMPLING
Two grab surface soil (SS) samples are proposed to be collected from two locations (SS-117 and SS-1 I 8) in
a drainage-way area potentially impacted by contaminated stormwater runoff, located just south and west of
the Ward Transformer property and Reach A, in the vicinity of the Estes Trucking property. In an effort not
to duplicate soil sample location numbers/identifiers, the soil samples for this round of sampling were chosen
to begin with SS-117. The last round of soil samples collected as part of RI activities ended with number I 16.
K:\EPA START 12587\0336 Ward Transfom1er NPL Site\Rcpons\Ward Tr.insfonrn.:r SSSP _Reach A_Rev 2.wpd
8
• •
Site-Specific Sampling Plan• Reach A Sampling
Ward Transformer Site
Revision 2
Date: December 2005
DCN, WSI-Wf2-0007
Figure 2 in Appendix A of this SSSP illustrate the proposed soil sample locations. Table 3 in Appendix B
lists the proposed locations and rationale for the soil samples to be collected. Several background soil
samples have been collected as part of previous sampling events associated with the RI. Consequently, this
SSSP does not propose the collection of additional background soil samples.
The soil samples will be collected from a depth ofO-to I-ft below grade. The soil samples will be collected
using a stainless-steel hand auger and a stainless-steel trowel. Soil samples will be homogenized by mixing
in the stainless-steel bowl before being transferred to the appropriate sample containers. Decontaminated
sample collection equipment will be used at each sample location to minimize cross-contamination. All
samples will be collected and placed on ice in accordance with the EPA EISOPQAM (Ref. 3). The samples
will be sent by courier or hand-delivered to a predesignated EPA CLP laboratory. All soil samples will be
analyzed for total PCBs (Aroclors).
Soil sample characteristics will be noted in the field logbook for each soil sample collected. After sampling
locations have been identified, ST ART-2 will record the locations using a GPS unit. In addition, all sample
locations will be photodocumented and recorded in the field logbook.
3.5 QUALITY ASSURANCE/QUALITY CONTROL AND ANALYSIS
All field activities, including collection of QA/QC samples, will be conducted in accordance with procedures
documented in the EPA EISOPQAM and National Functional Guidelines and Data Validation SOP for CLP
Routine Analytical Services, Version 2.1 (Refs. 3; 7; 8). Samples will be analyzed in accordance with EPA's
CLP SOW for Organics Analysis (OLMO4.3) and or SOW for Analysis of Chlorinated Biphenyl Congeners
(CBC0 1. I) (Refs. 5; 6; I 0). Rinsate blank samples will be collected from sediment and soil sampling
equipment for each week of sampling (or per 20 samples) as a QA/QC measure of decontamination
procedures. Extra volume for one matrix spike/matrix spike duplicate (MS/MSD) will be included for each
media sampled (or per 20 samples) as a QA/QC measure of the laboratory analytical procedures. One
duplicate/replicate sample will be collected for each matrix sampled ( or per 20 samples) and each sample
collection technique employed, as a QA/QC measure of laboratory analytical precision and field sampling
procedures.
Rinsate blank and duplicate/replicate samples will be analyzed for total PCBs (Aroclors) and PCB Congeners.
K:\EPA START 12587\0JJ6 Ward Transfomier NPL Sitc:IRepons\Ward Transfonner SSSP _Reach A_Rev 2.wpd
9
• •
Site-Specific Sampling Plan • Reach A Sampling
Ward Transformer Site
Revision 2
Date: December 2005
DCN, WSI-WT2-0007
MS/MSD samples will be analyzed for total PCBs (Aroclors) only. Table 5 identifies sample bottles, vials,
and jars by analysis and by container type/size for each sample. Dedicated or decontaminated sample
collection equipment will be used at each sample location to minimize cross-contamination.
4.0 FIELD WORK SUMMARY
EPA has already obtained access agreements with the owners of the Ward Transformer Site, as well with the
owners of the areas of the unnamed tributary to Little Brier Creek to be sampled.
The field team leader may change the sampling locations and the number of samples in response to site
conditions at the time of the sampling visit. The proposed START-2 health and safety protocol to be
followed during the assessment is described in the site health and safety p Ian (HASP), which will be
submitted under separate cover. All specific training requirements for personnel will be addressed in the site
health and safety plan. Tentatively scheduled field team members and their responsibilities are as follows:
Name
Paul Schrot
Barry Peterson
Greg Ford
Role
Field Team Leader/CLP Sample Coordinator/Health and Safety
Coordinator/Sampler No. I
Sampler No. 2
Sampler No. 3
Note: Field team members may vary based on workload priorities and schedules.
5.0 DISPOSAL OF INVESTIGATION-DERIVED WASTE
Investigation-derived wastes (IDW) will generally consist of disposable nitrile gloves, latex boot covers, and
paper towels. These items are used mainly to prevent cross-contamination, provide personal protection, and
provide sanitary conditions during sampling activities. If contact with concentrated wastes occurs, disposable
gear will be placed into an appropriately labeled 55-gallon drum and securely stored at the Ward Transformer
facility, until sample analytical results are received. If analytical data reveal contamination levels that require
special handling, these wastes will be profiled and disposed of by a licensed transportation and disposal
K:\EPA START 12S87\0336 Ward Transfom1er NPL Site\Repons\Ward T~sformer SSSP _Reach A_Rev 2.wpd
10
• •
Site-Specific Sampling Plan -Reach A Sampling
Ward Transformer Site
Revision 2
Date: December 2005
DCN, WSI-WfZ-0007
facility. Up to three months may be required to profile drum contents, contract a disposal firm, and remove
the drums from the site. If, in the best professional judgment of the field team leader, IDW can be rendered
nonhazardous, the wastes will be double-bagged and deposited in an industrial waste container, as directed
in the EPA IDW Management Guidance Manual (Ref. 9).
IDW may also consist of decontamination fluids. Decontamination of non-dedicated sampling equipment
will be conducted in accordance with the site-specific health and safety plan (HASP), which will accompany
the field team to the proposed sampling locations, and applicable Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs).
Decontaminated sample collection equipment will be used ate ach sample location tom inimize cross-
contamination. Decontamination will consist of a soap (a non-phosphate laboratory detergent) and tap water
wash, a tap water rinse, followed by a isopropanol rinse, a final deionized waterrinse,followed by air drying.
Decontamination fluids will be containerized in an appropriately labeled 55-gallon drum, secured at the Ward
Transformer facility, and disposed ofin accordance with applicable SOPs.
K:\EPA START 12587\0336 Ward T11U1sfom1er NPL Site\Reporu\Ward T11U1sformer SSSP _Reach A_Rev 2.wpd
11
•
REFERENCES
•
Site-Specific Sampling Plan -Reach A Sampling
Word Transformer Site
Revision 2
Date: December 2005
DCN: WSJ-Wf2-0007
I. Weston Solutions, Inc. Revised Remedial !!1vestigation and Risk Assessment Report for the Ward
Transformer Site. Revision 2. Work Assignment No. 214-RICO-A4S4. September. 2004.
2. Weston Solutions Inc., formerly Roy F. Weston. Inc. Quality Management Plan. May 2000.
3. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Science and Ecosystem Support Division Region 4.
Environmental Investigation Standard Operating Procedures and Quality Assurance Manual.
November 200 I.
4. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Region 4. Emergency Response and Removal Branch
Quality Assurance Project Plan. January 2002.
5. EPA. Contract Laboratory Program Statement of Work for Organics Analysis. OLM04.2. May
I 999.
6. EPA. Contract Laboratory Program Modifications. OLM04.3. March 2003.
7. EPA. Contract Laboratory Program National Functional Guidelines for Organic Data Review.
OSWER 9240.J-05A-P. PB99-963506. EPA-540/R-99/008. October 1999.
8. EPA. Contract Laboratory Program National Functional Guidelines for Routine Analytical Services,
Revision 2.1, July 1999.
9. EPA. Guide to Management of Investigation-Derived Wastes. Publication: 9345.303FS. January
1992.
10. EPA. C ontract Laboratory Program Statement of Work for Analysis of Chlorinated B iphenyl
Congeners (CBC) Multi-Media, Multi-Concentration. CBC0I.0. May 2005
11. Greene, J.C., C.L. Bartels, W.J. Warren-Hicks, B.R. Parkhurst, G.L. Linder, S.A. Peterson, and W.E.
Miller. 1989. Protocols for Short Term Toxicity Screening of Hazardous Waste Sites. EPA 600/3-
88/029. EPA. February.
K:\EPA START 12587\0336 Ward Transfomicr .NPL Site\Repons\Ward Tra.nsfom1er SSSP _Reach A_Rcv 2.wpd
12
•
APPENDIX A
FIGURES
•
Site-Specific Sampling Plan• Reach A 5.)mpling
Ward Transformer Site
Revision 2
Dale: December 2005
OCN, WSl•WTl-0007
K:\EPA START 12!i87\03l6 Ward Transfoimer NPL Site\Rcpom\Wud Transfom1er SSSP _Reach A_Rcv 2.wpd
•
APPENDIX B
TABLES
•
Site-Speci ftc Sampling Plan • Reach A Sampling
WHrd Transformer Site
Revision 2
Date: December 2005
DCN, WSl-WT2-0007
K:\EPA START 125117\0JJ(:, Ward Tmisfoml(:t NPL Site\Repmu\Wllld Transformer SSSP _Reach A_Rev 2,wpd
SD-SOA 0 to I
SD-SIA 0 to I
SD-S 113 I to 2
SD-SIC 2 to 3
SD-S2A 0 to I
SD-S3A Oto I
SD-S4A 0 to I
SD-S48 I to 2
SD-S4C 2 to 3
SD-SSA 0 to I
SD-SGA 0 to I
SD-S7A 0 to I
SD-S78 I to 2
SD-S7C 2 to 3
SD-SSA 0 to I
(MS/MSD)
•
TABLE I
•
Site-Specific Sampling Plan -Reach A Sampling
Ward Transfonner Site
Revision 2
Date: December 2005
DCN, WSI-Wf2-0007
SEDIMENT SAMPLING PLAN
WARD TRANSFORMER SITE
Grab sample collected from the northern In order to determine the extent and
bank of Reach A, approximately halfway degree of contamination in Reach A.
between previously collected sediment
samples SD-04 and SD-OS.
Grab sample collected from the midstream In order to determine the extent and
portion of Reach A, approximately halfway degree of contamination in Reach A.
between previously collected sediment
samples SD-04 and SD-OS.
Grab sample collected from the southern In order to determine the extent and
bank of Reach A, approximately halfway degree of contamination in Reach A.
between previously collected sediment
samples SD-04 and SD-OS.
Grab sample collected from the northern In order to determine the extent and
bank of Reach A, approximately halfway degree of contamination in Reach A.
between previously collected sediment
samples SD-OS and SD-06.
Grab sample collected from the midstream In order to determine the extent and
portion of Reach A, approximately halfway degree of contamination in Reach A.
between previously collected sediment
samples SD-OS and SD-06.
Grab sample collected from the southern In order to determine the extent and
bank of Reach A, approximately halfway degree of contamination in Reach A.
between previously collected sediment
samples SD-OS and SD-06.
Grab sample collected from the northern In order to determine the extent and
bank of Reach A, approximately halfway degree of contamination in Reach A.
between previously collected sediment
samples SD-06 and SD-09.
Grab sample collected from the midstream In order to determine the extent and
portion of Reach A, approximately halfway degree of contamination in Reach A.
between previously collected sediment
samples SD-06 and SD-09.
Grab sample collected from the southern In order to determine the extent and
bank of Reach A, approximately halfway degree of contamination in Reach A.
between previously collected sediment Sample will also serve as the matrix
samples SD-06 and SD-09. spike/matrix spike duplicate.
K.:\EPA START 12587\0336 Ward Transformer NPL Site\Rcpons\Wanl Transfonner SSSP _Reach A_Rev 2.wpd
._--._,.-~,,.-.-•_·,':'i,··
~,-,.}Sa'mple • '<·· · .:m,wr ".,,
Nulllber
SD-59A
SD-60A
SD-60B
SD-60C
SD-61A
Notes: ft
SD
A
B
C
•
TABLE I
•
Site-Specific Sampling Plan -Reach A Sampling
Word Transformer Site
Revision 2
Date: December 2005
DCN, WSI-Wf2-0007
SEDIMENT SAMPLING PLAN
WARD TRANSFORMER SITE (Concluded)
.,: i'-;f~i{',. !A .. : , ,]iJ':' ~?' ' ,·. --<1 ,,·._ample tii. . '
·. 1:f~'j;i\i'cro .. , Location
0 to I
0 to I
I to 2
2 to 3
0 to I
Grab sample collected from the northern
bank of Reach A, approximately halfway
between previously collected sediment
samples SD-09 and SD-10,
Grab sample collected from the midstream
portion of Reach A, approximately halfway
between previously collected sediment
samples SD-09 and SD-IO,
Grab sample collected from the southern
bank of Reach A, approximately halfway
between previously collected sediment
samnlcs SD-09 and SD-10.
Feet
Sediment sample
Sample depth O to I root
Sample depth I to 2 feet
Sample depth 2 to 3 feet
,.-: --.?~' , ,' '.; i, ,9!\f:\:J:JtJf~%Jt)1!}:~
Descriotio'n/RatiOnale ~ ,_. ::r· ,
In order to determine the extent and
degree of contamination in Reach A.
In order to determine the extent and
degree of contamination in Reach A.
In order to determine the extent and
degree of contamination in Reach A.
Rea.ch A Unnamed tributary to Little Brier Creek
K:\EPA START 12587'0336 Ward Transfon11er NPL Site\Repons\Ward Transfom1cr SSSP _Reach A_Rev 2.wpd
··: 110'",.;!JfiV,:,._,>'.: ;~-:,Sample·. -~'11-""~-.,_.•rr: :~'"-Number ..,.~-.... -
SW-10
SW-I I
(MSIMSD)
SW-12
Notes: fl
SW
NA
.. :11
'"<' .,
•
TABLE 2
•
Site-Specific Sampling Plan• Reach A Sampling
Wnrd Transfonner Site
Revision 2
Date: December 2005
DCN, WSJ-WT2-0007
SURFACE WATER SAMPLING PLAN
WARD TRANSFORMER SITE
"-' ,·" ¾-. ' -.::, ~r~r .....
c:Sample' ~--~:~ ;,;,• ,_r·-~·z,r,.._.r,. '.,
. ~PfMiP.0 •. l?..°-eLli'<!tl. ~-fil~;,.;·_.-_' . ..
NA Grab surface water sample collected from
Reach A, near the proposed sediment
sample cluster of S D-56 through S D-58.
Co-located with sediment sample SD-57.
NA Grab surface water sample collected from
Reach A, in the vicinity of proposed
sediment sample cluster SD-59 through
SD-61. Co-located with sediment sample
SD-60.
NA Grab surface water sample collected from
Reach A, just upstream of Reach A's
terminus.
Feet
Surface water
Not applicable
-_::: 1· .·. ,._ -~ :~,;;-_-X-·}\-\\:{_·./i}'}_~~\~.
:.~:~B!~~~!.iPJJ.2.~/Ji,~.!!.~n~!-~,. :i.__;t·· _·
In order to determine the extent and
degree of site-related contaminants.
In order to determine the extent and
degree of site-related contaminants.
Sample will also serve as the matrix
spike/matrix spike duplicate.
In order to determine the extent and
degree of site-related contaminants.
K:\EPA START 12587\0336 Ward Tramformer NPL Sitc\Reporu\Ward Tra11sfom1er SSSP _Reach A_Rev 2.wpd
•
TABLE3
SOIL SAMPLING PLAN
WARD TRANSFORMER SITE
•
Site-Sped tic Sampling Plan -Reach A Sampling
Ward Transfonner Site
Revision 2
Date: December 2005
DCN, WSI-Wf2-0007
SS-117 A Oto I Grab sample collected from an area potentially In order to determine the extent
(MS/MSD) impacted by contaminated stormwatcr runoff and degree of site-related
via overland flow, located just south and west contaminants. Sample will also
of the Ward Transformer property and Reach A, serve as the matrix spike/matrix
SS-118A-
Notes: ft
ss
A
0 to I
in the vicinity of the Estes Trucking property. spike duplicate.
Grab sample collected from an area potentially
impacted by contaminated stormwatcr runoff
via overland flow, located just south and west
of the Ward Transformer property and Reach A,
in the vicinit of the Estes Truckin ro ert
Feet
Surface soil
Sample depth O to I foot
In order to determine the extellt
and degree of sitc•rclated
contaminants.
K:\EPA START 12587\0336 Ward Truisfonner NPL Site\Report5\Ward Tr.msfonner SSSP _Reach A_Rev 2.wpd
•
TABLE 4
•
Site-Specific Sampling Plan -Reach A Sampling
Ward Transfonner Site
Revision 2
Date: December 2005
DCN, WSI-Wf2-0007
QUALITY ASSURANCE/QUALITY CONTROL SAMPLING PLAN
WARD TRANSFORMER SITE
itJ~'l~'fl'llFJ':•·,r;···-.~ -~_i;;!'J.llil.·. _'•il !,~"-, ·t '."~1'_1iii>I•\fyp• . .
:,-,,~· .. Sanrnle,J~fom_berg;¼. iii
SD-62A
SW-13
RB-01
Rll-02
Notes: SD
SW
SB
RB
Sediment
Surface water
Soil boring
Rinsate blank
Duplicate sample of SD-53A.
Duplicate sample of SW-12.
Soil/Sediment sampling equipment
rinsatc blank sample.
Soil/Sediment sampling equipment
rinsatc blank sample.
-,-.:. r:;':y~c:.~_3Ji.~~KI:CI:":':H:~~~fztt~Si
Evaluation of field sampling and laboratory
analytical precision.
Evaluation of field sampling and laboratory
analytical precision.
To detenninc if decontamination procedures
adequately clean equipment; collected for
quality control.
To determine if decontamination procedures
adequately clean equipment; collected for
oualitv control.
K:\EPA START 12587\0)36 Ward Transformer NPL Site\Reports\Ward Transfonner SSSP _Re11c.h A_Rev 2.wpd
•
TABLE 5
•
Site-Specific Sampling Plan• Reach A Sampling
Ward Transfonner Site
Revision 2
Date: December 2005
DCN: WSI-WT2-0007
ANALYTICAL METHODOLOGY, REQUIRED SAMPLE CONTAINERS, AND PRESERVATIVES
WARD TRANSFORMER SITE
Location
I MATRIX: Sediment
SD-S0A
Analysis
!,·· Total.PCBs (Aroclors)
PCB Con2.encrs•
Method
CLP OLM04.3
CLP CBC0I.0
................ ~.\)..;-S;.;l:.:.A"-----+-'-T.;;o:.:ta.!.P,CBs (Arocl~f.~). .. J CLP OLM04.3
Sample Container Presenration
.J.X. 8-oz amber jar ............. ___ I_£~; cool to 4 ~.<;; .... .
I x 8-oz amber iar Ice; cool to 4 °C
1 x 8-oz amber jar ...... -+-'1-'-ce;.:;,, cool to 4 ~.<;, .....
!, ................ ~P:.s.1.~ .................... Total. PCBs ( A roclors) CLP OLM04.3 I x 8-oz amber jar ............... lce;.cool.to 4.'C .. ..
SD-SIC Total PCBs (Aroclors) CLP OLM04.3 I x 8-oz amber iar Ice; cool to 4 °C
' SD-S2A .. Total PCBs.(Aroclors) ., .. CLP.OLM04.3 ... j ... 1 .. x. 8-oz amber jar ........... .. Ice; cool to 4 °C
PCB Congeners• i CLP CBC0I.0 i I x 8-oz amber iar Ice; cool to 4 11C
SD-S3A Total PCBs [~roclorsl
PCB Congeners•
CLP OLM04.3 I x 8-oz amber iar lce;_cool_to 4_°C ....
Ice; cool to 4 °C CLP CBC0I.0 I x 8-oz amber iar
SD-S4A CLP OLM04.3 •.• t .• x. 8-oz amber jar............. Ice; cool to 4_°C .... ............. i·· ~:::: ·:~:: :::::::::: 11----S=-D=--'-S'--4'-'B'------+-'-='-'-===-=='--+-C=-L=.oP.9.h~.9.~} ....... ! .. ~ .. ?.:oz amber jar ..... -~--'IC:c-'-e,,._· c::.o:.:o:.:.lc.to;..:.;_4_'C"'--ll
SD-S4C Total PCBs (Aroclors) CLP OLM04.3 I x 8-oz amber iar Ice; cool to 4 'C
SD-SSA ! ..... Total .PCBs(Aroclors)
PCB Cone:encrs*
CLP OLM04.3 .. 1._x. 8-oz amber jar............. Ice; cool to 4 'C
CLP CBC0l.0 I x 8-oz amber iar Ice; cool to 4 °C
SD-S6A Total PCBs ! Aroclorsl CLP OLM04.3 I x 8-oz amber iar Ice; cool.to 4 °C
SD-S7A Total PCBs (Aroclors) CLP.Qh~.9.~} ....... ! .. ~ 8-oz amber ja~ ...... --1--.:.lc::e::,;.::c::.o::.ol:.;t:.:oc..4:...'.::C::.....~1
SD-S7B ....................... :;.;.:;....._ ........ Total PCBs(Aroclors\ CLP OLM04."-3-+_lc_x...:8;..-o:;;z=..=am=b.:cer._,ii;;,a;..r __ -+...:lc.ce=..;...:c:..:o...:o.;.l ;.;to'-4--'--''C"---ll
SD-S7C Total PCBs (Aroclors) CLP OLM04.3
SD-SSA (MS/MSDl Total PCBs (Aroclorsl CLP OLM04.3
SD-S9A Total PCBs !Aroclors\ CLP OLM04.3
............. _S~D_-_6_0_A __ .......... Total.PCBs(Aroclors) CLP OLM04.3
SD-60B Total PCBs (Aroclorsl CLP OLM04.3 ................................................
SD-60C Total PCBs (Aroclorsl CLP OLM04.3
SD-61A Total PCBs (Aroclors\ CLP OLM04.3
SD-62A
(Duplicate ofSD-S3A)
Total PCBs (Aroclors) .. j .. CLP OLM04.3
PCB Congeners i CLP CBC0l.0
I x 8-oz amber iar Ice; cool to 4 °C
2 x 8-oz amber iar Ice; cool to 4 °C
1 x 8-oz amber iar Ice; cool to 4 °C
1 x 8-oz amber iar Ice; cool to 4 °C
I x 8-oz amber"' i·,a"r __ _,_..1.~.~; cool to 4 °C
I x 8-oz amber iar Ice; cool to 4 °C
I x 8-oz amber iar
1 x 8-oz amber iar
I x 8-oz amber iar
Ice; cool to 4 °C
Ice; cool to 4 °~·-···
Ice: cool to 4 °C
K:\EPA START 12S87\0336 Ward Transfomier NPL Sitc\Reporu\Ward Tr.ansfonuer SSSP _Reach ~_Rev 2.wpd
•
TABLES
•
Site-Specific Sampling Plan -Reach A Sampling
Ward Transformer Site
Revision 2
Date: December 2005
OCN, WSI-Wf2--0007
ANALYTICAL METHODOLOGY, REQUIRED SAMPLE CONTAINERS, AND PRESERVATIVES
WARD TRANSFORMER SITE (Concluded)
[if!i~i!J~'"s"''j r,w••~~,,,,-, .. -•. ,,.-,,,, f'
• ., '•f tf~'. ·_ :' ,-~-,·-:•"· r:•-•,~,,,·;·' "·., -~ -,Method· n/~r•,·, ... :.:,,t ;.:,;t_;, ,-:>l;Analysis-· · ,
' .. ,;l >, , ,,, , . 1·,. ( "'""""'"''~ --~ . .
I MATRIX: Surface Water
SW-IO Total PCBs (Aroclors) CLP OLM04.3
SW-I I (MSIMSD) Total PCBs (Aroclors) CLP OLM04.3
SW-12 Total PCBs (Aroclors\ CLP OLM04.3
SW-13 Total PCBs (Aroclors) I CLP OLM04.3
(Duplicate of SW-12)
I MATRIX: Soil
SS-l 17A fMS/MSDl Total PCBs (Aroclors\ CLP OLM04.3
SS-l 18A Total PCBs (Aroclors) ! CLP OLM04.3 '
MATRIX: Aqueous QA/QC
RB-01 .. I~!-~-~-P,_g_','!.~, (Aroclors). CLP OLM04.3
PCB Congeners CLP CBC0I.0
DR.O? l 'T'-•,:,1 Prrlc, f A---lnrc,~ 1 r, P n, un.,1 'l
Notes: PCB
"C
MS/MSD
Polychlorinated biphenyl
Degrees Celsius
Matrix Spike/Matrix Spike Duplicate
,, · "' ,' · ,-'•"·;:;"~-·;15:~•,,, 1 ~~•'il\:1>•i!l
Sa~~J!~~-~Jjt}~.~.r.(t:/ ::_;~~~~~1!.2!!lt~
2 x I-liter amber bottles lee; cool to 4 °C
4 x I-liter amber bottles Ice; cool to 4 °C
2 x I-liter amber bottles Ice; cool to 4 °C
2 x I-liter amber bottles Ice; cool to 4 °C
2 x 8-oz amber iar Ice; cool to 4 °C
I x 8-oz amber iar lee; cool to 4 °C
2 x I-liter amber bottles Ice; cool to 4 °C
2 x I-liter amber bottles Ice; cool to 4 °C
i ? X 1 ."•----L--L-u>--, ______ ,·-.or
CLP
oz
Contract Laboratory Program
Ounce
I
I
OLM Refers to the version ofEPA's Contract Laboratory Program (CLP) Organic Low/Medium (OLM) Statement of
Work (SOW) for Multi-Media, Multi-Concentration, Organic Analytical Service for Superfund.
CBC Refers to the version of EPA 's Contract Laboratory Program (CLP) Statement of Work (SOW) for Multi-Media,
Multi-Concentration Chlorinated Biphenyl Congeners (CBC) Analysis.
• Bulk samples of soil/sediment will be collected from two of the four upstream sediment sample transect locations along the
unnamed tributary to Little Brier Creek (i.e., SD-50, -52, -53, and -55) for conducting PCB bioaccumulation tests on
earthworms. Each bulk sediment sample will consist ofa minimum volume of3 gallons and will be homogenized in the
field and transferred to a polyethylene bucket or bags. Two subsamples of the bulk soil/sediment samples will be collected
for total PCBs (Aroclor) and low-level PCB Congener analyses:
K:\EPA START 12587\0336 Ward Tra11sformcr NPL Sitc\Rcporu\Ward Transfonner SSSP _Reach A_Rcv 2.wpd
f;NA '!ER TOWER OfF1CE AS50CIAleS)
-----l '
OW,EKIH-OURHAM AIRPORT)
T\Ward_transl0tTnef\mJ:ds\S11e_~youLrmd
I
I
(
,
"
t'WAlE.R TOWER Offl<.l-~ ASSOCIAT[SJ
I\
tWARDTRA."'-~~R
t..'ll>MPANY IN\. J " "
~ "
Former Residence ------
---------
Y H M 'D
(BBt'CJO Tilf. ).tATf.._.Cl (';R()l'PlN<.')
Vlsata ln1amatioNII
LEGEND -Slrlace Hydrography
/V Fence
IV Low Fence
N Trail
N Road
N Curbing ,,, Pan:el Boundary
C Transtonner Area
EJ Grass
□ Parking, Unpaved
[!] Parking, Paved
[!] Vegetation/Gravel
Structure
Wooded A.ea ........ Property Owner """"'° w:,
BASE MAP SOURCE: Woke Counly GIS, 11199.
N W.E
s
'"' .. 12DFNI
Wald Transformer
Raleigh, Wake County, North Carolina
Figure 1
Ward Transformer
Site Map
-
V .I.I IOOO 0-05 10 "'O'\.Q o),.i 7 • mWIIO ~ $005 0..0S551"1~ ~~ .;z ~ S007 l)..GIS,60"'9"'1 OS-I Sl ,,.,_. ._ 1M OOOOM ~ ~ LEGEND "' Proposed Sediment Sal'rl)le Location • Proposed Surface water Sal'rl)le Localioo • Proposed So,1 Sal'rl)le Location 0 Sediment • SedimenVSurface 'Nater • SUrfaoe water 0-1 l)M S•"""1• O.,pt, jlut) A1od01 1190 Conc...w•o,, ..... 1~ .. ....,.~ ............ ~.., . .,...,_ BASE MN' SOURCE: Woke eo...., GIS. 19". W.E s •F• (t) ~ST~r~. ·a, f i \ ,! ~~,~ WBrd Transtonner Raleigh, Wake Coonty, North Carolina FIGURE 2 PROPOSED SAMPLING LOCATIONS FOR REACH A NOVEMBER 2005
'I.:,. I • •
Golder Associates Inc.
3730 Chomb!ee Tucker Rood
Atlanta, GA USA 30341
Telephone [phone]
Fax [phone]
<!!/J,Goldcr :Associates
DISTRIBUTION:
REMOVAL ACTION SAMPLING
HEAL TH AND SAFETY PLAN
FOR THE
WARD TRANSFORMER SUPERFUND SITE
(CERCLA Docket No. CERCLA-04-2005-3778)
Prepared for:
Ward Transformer Group
c/o Consol Energy Inc.
Consol Plaza
1800 Washington Road
Pittsburgh, PA 15241-1421
Prepared by:
Golder Associates Inc
3730 Chamblee Tucker Road
Atlanta, Georgia 30341
5 copies -United States Environmental Protection Agency
I copy-Ward Transformer Group
3 copies -Golder Associates Inc.
November 18, 2005 053-3184
OFFICES ACROSS AFRICA, ASIA, AUSTRALIA, EUROPE, NORTH AMERICA AND SOUTH AMERICA
• •
\Vurd Transformer Supcrfund Sitt:
l{cvisinn 0
TITLES AND APPROY ALS
Novcmher 2005
053-3184
The undersigned ccrlify that this Removal Action S.impling Health and Safety Pl:111 is approved and
will be utilized for the Ward Transformer Supcrfund Site (Site) activi1ics in Raleigh. North Carolina.
\Vi!liam Weir
Removal Action Project Cmirdinainr
Luis Flores
EPA Remedial Project Manager
,ary H. Collison
I moval Action Manager
Charles Hal{ry. CIH
Sampling Health and Safety Officer
7 Frank R. Booth
S.impling Health and Safety Coordinator
Sile Safely Officer
Golder Associates
Date
I ' Date
1 Dute
Date
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Titles and Approvals
Table of Contents ............................. : ................................................................................................ i
SECTION PAGE
1.0 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................. !
2.0 SITE DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................ 3
2.1 General Information ............................................................................................... 3
2.2 Site and Work Description ..................................................................................... 3
3.0 HEALTH AND SAFETY ORGANIZATION AND COORDINATION ......... .4
3.1 Removal Action Project Coordinator .................................................................... .4
3.2 EPA Remedial Project Manager ............................................................................ .4
3.3 Removal Action Manager ..................................................................................... .4
3.4 Sampling Health and Safety Officer ...................................................................... 4
3.5 Sampling Health and Safety Coordinator ............................................................... 5
3.6 Sampling Site Safety Officer .................................................................................. 5
3.7 Project Personnel .................................................................................................... 6
4.0 HAZARD EVALUATION .................................................................................... 7
4.1 General ................................................................................................................... 7
4.2 Field Activities ........................................................................................... .' ........... 7
4.3 Activity-Specific Hazards ...................................................................................... 7
4.4 Chemical Hazards .................................................................................................. 8
4.4.1 Exposure Via Ingestion ............................................................................. 8
4.4.2 Exposure Via Dermal Contact.. ................................................................. 8
4.4.3 Exposure Via Inhalation ............................................................................ 9
4.5 Physical Hazards .................................................................................................... 9
4.5.1 Operation of Drilling Equipment ................................. : .......................... 10
4.5.2 Confined Space Entry .............................................................................. I 0
4.5.3 HeatStress ............................................................................................... 10
4.5.3./ Operational Guidance ............................................................. I I
4.5.4 Cold Stress ............................................................................................... 14
4.5.5 Noise ....................................................................................................... 14
4.5.6 Manual Lifting ......................................................................................... 15
4.5. 7 Slip, Trip and Fall Hazards ...................................................................... I 5
4.5.8 Drowning ................................................................................................. 15
4.5.9 Electrical Equipment ............................................................................... 16
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4.6 Biological Hazard ................................................................................................. 16
4.6.1 Insect Bites and Stings ............................................................................ 16
4.6.2 Tick Bites ................................................................................................ 16
4.6.3 Snake Bites .............................................................................................. 18
4.6.4 Plants ....................................................................................................... 18
5.0 TRAINING REQUIREMENTS ......................................................................... 19
5.1 Basic Training ...................................................................................................... 19
5.2 Pre-Work Briefing ................................................................................................ 19
5.3 Daily Briefings ..................................................................................................... 20
5.4 First Aid and CPR ................................................................................................ 20
5.5 Documentation ..................................................................................................... 20
5.6 Hazard Communication ........................................................................................ 20
6.0 SITE CONTROL ................................................................................................. 21
6.1 General ................................................................................................................. 21
6.2 Daily Start Up ....................................................................................................... 21
7.0 AIR MONITORING ............................................................................................ 22
8.0 WORK TASKS AND PERSONAL PROTECTIVE-EQUIPMENT
REQUIREMENTS ............................................................................................... 23
8.1 General ................................................................................................................. 23
8.2 Respiratory Protection Program ..................................................... : ..................... 23
8.3 PPE Protection Summary ..................................................................................... 24
8.3.1 Level D Equipment ................................................................................. 24
8.3.2 Level C Equipment. ................................................................................. 25
9.0 DECO NT AMINA TION PROCEDURES .......................................................... 26
9.1 General ................................................................................................................. 26
9.2 Contamination Prevention .................................................................................... 26
9.3 Decontamination Equipment ................................................................................ 27
9.4 Personnel Decontamination .................................................................................. 27
9.5 Equipment Decontamination ................................................................................ 28
9.5.1 Respiratory Protective Equipment... ........................................................ 28
9.5.2 Drilling and Sampling Equipment. .......................................................... 28
10.0 EMERGENCY RESPONSE PROCEDURES .................................................. 30
IO.I General ................................................................................................................. 30
10.2 Emergency Notifications ...................................................................................... 30
10.3 Evacuation Routes ................................................................................................ 30
10.4 Emergency Equipment and First Aid Requirements ............................................ 30
10.4.1 Emergency Equipment and First Aid Supplies ....................................... 30
10.4.2 Fire Extinguishers ................................................................................... 30
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l 1.0 MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE PROGRAM ..................................................... 31
12.0 RECORD KEEPING AND REPORTS ............................................................. 32
12.1 General Record Keeping ...................................................................................... 32
12.2 Training Records .................................................................................................. 32
12.3 Daily Field Information ........................................................................................ 32
12.4 Accident Reporting .............................................................................................. 33
12.5 Project Completion Activities .............................................................................. 33
13.0 REFERENCES ..................................................................................................... 34
TABLE 4-1
TABLE 4-2
TABLE 8-1
TABLE 10-1
FIGURE 1-1
FIGURE 1-2
FIGURE 9-1
FIGURE 9-2
FIGURE 9-3
FIGURE 10-1
APPENDIX A
APPENDIX B
APPENDIX C
APPENDIX D
APPENDIX E
TABLES
In Order
Following
Page 34
Regulatory and Recommended Exposure Limits for Selected Chemicals
Heat Stress: Basis for Work Schedule
Removal Action Sampling PPE Requirements
Emergency Phone Numbers Ward Transformer Site
Site Location
Site Layout
General Work Area
FIGURES
Outline for Level C Decontamination
Outline for Level D Decontamination
Site and Hospital Location
APPENDICES
Health and Safety Plan Addendum/Revision Form
Toxicological Data for Selected Chemicals
OSHA 101 Form for Occupational Injuries and Illnesses
Health and Safety Plan Signature Form
"Tailgate'" Safety Meeting Form
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1.0 INTRODUCTION
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This Sampling Health and Safety P Ian (Sampling HSP) has been prepared in accordance with the
requirements of the Administrative Settlement Agreement and Order on Consent for Removal Action
(Settlement Agreement) (CERCLA Docket No. CERCLA-04-2005-3778) between the United States
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and Ward Transformer Company, Inc., Ward Transformer
Sales and Services, Inc., Reward Properties, L.L.C., Reward Statesville, L.L.C., Bassett Furniture
Industries, Inc., Bishop Coal Company, n/k/a Consolidation Coal Company, Itrnann Coal Company,
n/k/a Consolidation Coal Company, and C.P.&L., a/k/a Carolina Power & Light Company
(collectively the "Respondents"). The Settlement Agreement was signed by the Regional
Administrator on September 16, 2005. The Settlement Agreement provides for the performance of a
removal action on the Ward Transformer Superfund Site (Site) to remove soil and prevent the off-Site
migration of material that may contain polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The required removal
action is described in the Enforcement Action Memorandum prepared and signed by the EPA on
September 14, 2004.
The Site is located near the Raleigh Durham International Airport in a predominantly industrial area
of Raleigh, Wake County, North Carolina. The site'location is shown on Figure l-l. The boundaries
of the Site, as defined int he Settlement Agreement, include an active transformer manufacturing,
repair, sales, and reconditioning facility constructed in l 964 on l l acres of previously undeveloped
land and two adjacent parcels located north and southeast of the transformer facility property. The
Site layout is shown on Figure 102.
This Sampling HSP has been developed for the protection of the project team and other persons that
may be exposed to hazards associated with sampling activities at the Site. The purpose of this
Sampling HSP is to assign responsibilities, establish personnel protection standards, specify and
establish safe operating procedures and practices, and provide for contingencies that may arise while
conducting sampling activities at the Site.
This Sampling HSP has been prepared based upon the requirements pertaining to hazardous waste
activities outlined in the following regulations, guidelines, and manuals:
• Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Title 29, part 1910 (29 CFR 1910) and part 1926 (29
CFR 1926);
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• Guidelines prepared by National Institute for Occupational Health and Safety (NIOSH),
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), U.S. Coast Guard (USCG), and the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; and
• Manual entitled "Occupational Safety and Health Guidance Manual for Hazardous Waste Site
Activities (I 985)."
This Sampling HSP is based on the information available concerning the possible chemical and
physical hazards found on the Site. As additional site-specific information becomes available, this
Sampling HSP may be modified accordingly. The form for completing the Sampling HSP
Addendum/Revision is presented in Appendix A.
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2.0 SITE DESCRIPTION
2.1 General Information
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The removal action activities are being conducted in accordance with the Settlement Agreement
between the EPA and the Respondents. EPA has designated Luis Flores, as EPA's Remedial Project
Manager. The Respondents have designated Mr. William Weir as their Removal Action Project
Coordinator. Mr. Weir is located at Consol Energy lnc.'s facility at 1800 Washington Road,
Pittsburg, Pennsylvania. The respondents have retained Golder Associates Inc. (Golder) as the
consultant to implement the Work Plan.
2.2 Site and Work Description
The Site is located at Mount Herman Road, north of Aviation Parkway, in a predominantly industrial
area of Raleigh, Wake County, North Carolina. The Site is an active industrial facility owned by
Ward Transformer Sales & Services. Work tasks may include the following:
• sampling surface and subsurface soil within the Site boundary; and,
• sampling sediment within the stormwater management lagoon.
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3.0 HEALTH AND SAFETY ORGANIZATION AND COORDINATION
The key personnel listed below will be responsible fort he supervision and implementation of the
requirements outlined in the Sampling HSP for the Site.
• Removal Action Project Coordinator: William G. Weir (Consol Energy Inc.)
• EPA Remedial Project Manager: Luis Flores (EPA)
• Removal Action Manager: Gary H. Collison (Golder Associates Inc.)
• Sampling Health and Safety Officer: Charles Haury, CIH (Golder Associates Inc.)
• Sampling Health and Safety Coordinator: Frank R. Booth (Golder Associates Inc.)
• Site Safety Officer: Frank R. Booth (Golder Associates Inc.)
3.1 Removal Action Project Coordinator
The Removal Action Project Coordinator has overall responsibility for projects associated with the
Site. The Project Coordinator has final authority for decisions made by the response team associated
with the Site removal actions.
3.2 EPA Remedial Project Manager
EPA's Remedial Project Manager (RPM) has overall responsibility for the management and technical
oversight of the project on behalf of the EPA.
3.3 . Removal Action Manager
The Removal Action Manager has overall responsibility for the management and technical oversight
of the project. The Removal Action Manager is a I iaison between the Project Coordinator and/or
EPA's RPM and the Site Sampling Manager. The Removal Action Manager assesses final data and
reports findings to the EPA's RPM and Project Coordinator.
3.4 Sampling Health and Safety Officer
The Health and Safety Officer (HSO) is the primary reviewer of the Sampling HSP and is responsible
for health and safety technical support.
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The Health and Safety Coordinator (HSC) is responsible for the implementation of the Sampling HSP
at the Site. The responsibilities of the HSC include:
functioning as the communications liaison between project team and HSO and as such reports
directly to the HSO and Site Sampling Manager;
• informing personnel of potential hazards associated with the Site;
• maintaining current documentation of the Site personnel's health and safety training;
working closely with the Site Safety Officer (SSO) regarding health and safety issues; and
• approving changes in the Sampling HSP.
3.6 Sampling Site Safety Officer
The SSO is the sampling team's representative responsible for the on-Site enforcement of the policies
and provisions contained in the Sampling HSP. The responsibilities of the SSO include:
• ensuring that each member of the investigative team is up to date on safety training (e.g.,
OSHA 40-hour Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response (HAZWOPER),
OSHA 8-hour refresher, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), and first aid, as necessary);
• meeting with the HSC to evaluate sampling operations and understand sampling strategies;
• assisting the HSC in enforcing the Sampling HSP;
• functioning as the communications liaison on safety issues between the project field team and
the HSC and the Site Sampling Manager;
• ensuring that the necessary safety equipment is available and operational, including both
personal protective equipment and monitoring equipment;
•
•
calibrating monitoring equipment on a daily basis and recording results in field logs;
ensuring that monitoring equipment is operating correctly, and providing maintenance when
required;
• making recommendations to change protection levels of personal protective equipment
(PPE);
• implementing proper decontamination and emergency procedures;
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■ defining work zones;
•
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conducting on-Site health and safety meetings before on-Site activities begin;
November 2005
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• ensuring that workers have read the Sampling HSP and signed the acknowledgement form;
• authorizing stop-work, which will be executed upon determination of an imminent safety
hazard emergency situation or other potentially dangerous situations; and
• initiating and implementing changes to the Sampling HSP.
3.7 Project Personnel
Personnel of the sampling contractor involved in on-Site sampling will be responsible for:
• reading the Sampling HSP and signing the acknowledgement form;
• following the Sampling HSP requirements;
• following the recommendations of the SSO;
• reporting any health and safety issues or hazards they feel are not addressed in the Sampling
HSP;
• taking precautions to prevent accident and injury to themselves and to other personnel;
immediately notifying the SSO of any accidents or medical problems; and
• reporting any unsafe conditions.
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4.1 General
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This section presents chemical and physical hazard information to be used for the development of
health and safety protocols for on-Site activities. The goals of the hazard evaluation are twofold: I)
to summarize available chemical infonnation and the corresponding impacts on worker health and
safety; and 2) to adequately describe the physical hazards associated with the Site. This infonnation
is important in the development of action levels to be used for the detennination of levels of
respiratory and dermal protection. The judgment of the SSO will provide the basis for upgrading or
downgrading levels of protection. The main constituents of concern at the Site are PCBs. which may
be present in the soils and sediments at the Site.
4.2 Field Activities
Field activities that may be perfonned during the sampling event include:
• site reconnaissance;
• surface and subsurface soil sampling; and
pond soil and sediment sampling.
Each of these activities involves different potential hazards and requires different levels of protection.
4.3 Activity-Specific Hazards
The potential health and safety hazards associated with the types of activities to be performed at the
Site are described below:
• Site Reconnaissance
These are non-intrusive tasks and will typically be performed prior to sampling. Therefore.
the potential hazards to personnel perfonning these tasks are anticipated to be low.
• Surface and Subsurface Soil Sampling
The potential hazards associated with this activity include inhalation or dermal contact with
potentially impacted soils and physical hazards, such as slips, falls, or sprains. When
sampling is conducted using mechanical means such as a geoprobe or auger rig, the following
steps are typically involved:
0 positioning the rig over the sample location;
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0 retrieving subsurface soil boring; and
0 sampling solids and abandoning the borehole.
•
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Three types of potential hazards are associated with these steps. The primary hazard is
dermal contact with potentially impacted materials, water, and/or equipment. The second
hazard is contact with underground and overhead utilities. The third and less likely hazard is
potential exposure to dust during soil boring retrieval and sampling activities.
• Pond Soil and Sediment Sampling
The potential hazards associated with this activity include inhalation or dermal contact with
potentially impacted surface water, sediment, and soils and physical hazards, such as
drowning, slips, falls, or sprains.
4.4 Chemical Hazards
There is a potential for the sampling workers to be exposed to chemical hazards. The pnmary
pathway for exposure to occur is dermal contact with chemicals of concern potentially associated
with the soil samples, sediment, or surface water. Secondary pathways for exposure include
inhalation of particulate materials, and possible incidental ingestion. Table 4-1 lists known exposure
limits for chemicals that may be encountered during sampling. (Note: the chemicals provided in Table
4-1 were identified as soil or surface water Chemicals of Concern (COC) in the Ward Transformer
Site Revised Remedial Investigation and Risk Assessment Report (Weston 2004)). Appendix B
presents additional information on health effects from exposure to these chemicals.
4.4.1 Exposure Via Ingestion
Exposure via ingestion can be prevented through the use of the following guidelines:
• prohibiting eating, drinking, smoking, and the application of cosmetics in the work area; and
• requiring workers to wash hands and face prior to consuming food, beverages, or smoking.
4.4.2 Exposure Via Dermal Contact
Exposure via dermal contact can be prevented through the use of PPE and c.aution taken in handling
liquids and solids in the w ark zone .. The level of PPE required is described in Section 8.3. It is
important that a common sense approach be taken in preventing dermal contact. Precautions should
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be taken to prevent touching unprotected portions of the skin (particularly eyes, nose or mouth) when
handling liquids or solids in the work zone.
4.4.3 Exposure Via Inhalation
Practices to be employed to minimize potential airborne exposure when performing these activities
should include:
• standing upwind of the field activity;
• recognizing potential warning properties of chemicals and of dust that may be present during
field activities (e.g., odor, irritation, nausea, etc.); and
• wearing appropriate PPE including respiratory protection if directed by the SSO.
The SSO will be responsible for assessing the sampling work areas for dust that could possibly
present exposure via inhalation. In the unlikely event that excessive dust is generated during
sampling, personnel will be required to wear NIOSH approved respiratory protection equipped with
P-IOO Particulate filter cartridge. Dust c antral techniques, such as I ow volume water spraying' or
fogging, may be used to minimize the potential for inhalation of particulates.
4.5 Physical Hazards
The following physical hazards must be recognized and controlled during field activities:
operation of heavy equipment;
• confined space entry;
• heat stress;
• cold stress;
• noise;
manual lifting;
• slip, trip and fall;
• drowning; and
• electrical equipment.
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4.5. l Operation of Drilling Equipment
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Precautions must be taken when working around drilling equipment. The moving of the equipment
from location to location within the Site is of particular concern. Drilling equipment operators must
obey Site-specific safety requirements, and traffic control must be strictly followed.
Except where electrical distribution and transmission lines have been de-energized and visibly
grounded, drilling equipment will be operated near power lines in accordance with the guidelines
specified in 29 CFR 1926.
4.5.2 Confined Space Entry
Workplaces with limited means of ingress and egress and that are not intended for human occupancy
are defined as confined spaces. Limited openings hinder proper ventilation, escape, and rescue;
therefore, creating a potentially life threatening situation for a worker.
Confined space entry is not anticipated for Site operations. However, if confined space entry is
required, it will not be undertaken without prior approval from the Site Sampling Manager, HSC and
SSO. Any confined space entry will be governed by OSHA regulation, 29 CFR I 9 I 0.146.
4.5.3 Heat Stress
High ambient temperarure can result in health effects ranging from transient heat fatigue, physical
discomfort, reduced efficiency, personal injury, increased accident probability, to serious illness or
death. Heat stress is of particular concern when chemical protective clothing1 is worn, since these
garments prevent evaporative body cooling. Wearing personal protective equipment puts a worker at
considerable risk of developing heat stress.
Heat stress is caused by a number of interacting factors, including environmental conditions, clothing,
workload, and the individual characteristics of the worker. Because heat stress is probably one of the
most common (and potentially serious) illnesses at sites, regular monitoring and other preventive
measures are vital.
1 Note: Chemical protective clothing is defined as, but not limited to: Clothing constructed ofTyvek, or
coatcd-Tyvek, PVC rain suits or coveralls, and CPF Series Coveralls.
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Heat stress manifests in progressive stages, increasing in severity. The initial stage is commonly
termed heat fatigue, which is usually transient, and subsides with rest and replenishment of fluids.
Heat fatigue is characterized by discomfort, and reduced mental awareness, with a greater effect in
unacclimated workers. Medical treatment is usually not needed.
Heat exhaustion can result from sustained exertion in heat, combined with failure to replace water and
salts lost in sweat. Symptoms include fatigue; nausea; headache; clammy, moist skin, which may be
flushed or pale; and skin eruptions (red face or rash). If any of these signs are observed, the personnel
should stop work immediately and seek medical attention. Replacement of water and salts is required
for recovery; victims may faint upon standing. Electrolyte replacement fluids should be taken until
urine volume increases.
Heat syncope results in fainting, and is caused by standing immobile in heat. It is caused by pooling
of venous blood in the dilated vessels of the skin and lower body. Recovery is complete and rapid
following rest in a recumbent position at a cool location.
The most serious heat illness is heat stroke. Heat stroke is a MEDICAL EMERGENCY, treatment
must be immediate, and professional medical attention must be obtained. Heat stroke is caused by a
combination of factors including heavy exertion in heat, inadequate replacement of fluids, poor
physical condition, and individual susceptibility. Failure of the sweat response occurs, leading to a
rapidly accelerated increase in core temperature. The victim usually has hot, dry red skin, and if
conscious, is confused; convulsions may be present. The victim must be cooled immediately. Heat
stroke is fatal if treatment is incomplete or delayed.
As with any illness, the best cure is prevention. Heat stress is most likely early in the summer, prior
to acclimatization. Full acclimatization takes from 5 to 7 consecutive days of controlled exertion in
heat.
4.5.3./ Operational Guidance
A work/rest schedule should be developed prior to initiating field activities, whenever ambient
temperatures are greater than 70° F and chemical protective clothing is used; and when temperatures
are greater than 85" F without chemical protective garments. The schedule must be constantly
assessed to ensure effectiveness, and may need to be modified during the workday. Table 4-2
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presents the heat stress-monitoring basis. Note that personnel performing physically more demanding
work may need a more restrictive schedule.
Increasing Work Rate
I. If a worker's heart rate does not increase, or increases only slightly (IO% or less for the heart
rate) from the baseline readings after the first work cycle, the work period (according to the
established work-rest regimen) can be increased by 20%.
2. The worker will be monitored closely after the next work cycle period and if there are still no
significant increases in heart rate, the work period can be increased by an additional 10% and
the rest period remains the same.
3. Increases in the work period can be made throughout the shift if there are no significant
increases in the physiological monitoring indices.
4. Note that the increases to the work period are made based on the work-rest regimen
established prior to initiation of work activities.
Decreasing Work Rate
I. Count the radial pulse as early as possible in the rest period.
2. If a worker's heart rate exceeds I IO beats per minute immediately after a work period, shorten
the next work cycle by 30% and keep the rest period the same.
3. If the heart rate still exceeds the I IO beats per minute after the next work period, shorten the
following work cycle by 30%.
4. Continue to shorten the employee's work cycle until the heartbeat is below I IO beats per
minute.
Adequate liquids must be provided to replace lost body fluids. Personnel must replace water and salt
lost from sweating. Personnel must be encouraged to drink more than the amount required to satisfy
thirst. Thirst satisfaction is not an accurate indicator of adequate salt and fluid replacement.
Replacement fluids can be a 0.1 % salt-water solution, a commercial mix, such as Gatorade®,
Poweraide®, Quik Kick® or equivalent, or a combination of these with fresh water. Personnel
should be encouraged to salt their foods more heavily. Salt pills are prohibited. The replacement
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fluid temperature should be kept cool. Cooling devices such as vortex tubes or cooling vests can be
worn beneath protective garments. Breaks are to be taken in a cool, shaded rest area ( <80° F).
Personnel shall remove chemical protective garments during rest periods. Personnel shall not be
assigned other tasks during rest periods. Personnel shall be informed of the importance of adequate
rest and proper diet in the prevention of heat stress. Personnel shall be informed of the harmful
effects of excessive alcohol consumption in the prevention of heat stress.
Individuals with pre-existing medical conditions or restrictions for exposure to elevated
environmental heat are precluded from assignments that involve exposure to high temperatures.
Healthy individuals will vary significantly in their tolerance to heat, and heat tolerance can be
affected by minor illnesses ( cold, flu) and by prescription and over-the-counter medications. T he
heart rate measure is only a part of the overall situation to be considered; other objective, and
subjective symptoms of heat stress, such as: extreme fatigue, nausea, disorientation, light-headedness,
and breathlessness must be fully considered when evaluating the adequacy of control measures. The
heart rate measure will provide guidance that can be significantly different for each member of a field
team based on their acclimatization, physical fitness and heat tolerance. If it is critical _that team
members use the same work/break schedule, the schedule that accommodates the least heat-tolerant
team member will be observed.
Training
Those personnel (including workers, supervisors, and contractor personnel) potentially exposed to
heat stress conditions shall have been trained in the following:
1. Sources of heat stress, influence of protective clothing, and importance of acclimatization;
2. How the body handles heat;
3. Heat related illnesses;
4. Preventative/corrective measures; and
5. First aid procedures.
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Critical factors in preventing cold stress disorders are adequate clothing and staying dry. The SSO
and Sampling Team Manager will ensure the capability to quickly move individuals who become wet
to a sheltered, wann area. The following specific steps will be taken [adapted from the ACGIH TLV
booklet (ACGIH 2002)].
• If ambient temperatures are 40° F or below, site training will include prevention of cold
injury, cold-injury symptoms, and cold-injury first aid.
If ambient temperatures are 40° F or below, and there is a potential for workers to become
significantly wet (splashed or soaked), the SSO will ensure that at least one of the following
controls is in place:
0 a sufficient supply of dry, wann clothing is immediately available;
0 personnel wear clothing appropriate for water contact (e.g., immersion-survival
suits, neoprene chest waders, wet suit,); or
0 a heated break area is immediately available.
• A heated break area will be provided if ambient temperatures are below 32° F.
• At a minimum, breaks will be taken in a warm area every I 20 minutes if ambient
temperatures are below 32° F.
• Workers will be allowed to take unscheduled breaks, if needed, in a wann area.
• If the equivalent chill temperature (temperature combined with the effect of wind) is less than
-29° F, outdoor work will be discontinued or effective engineering controls such as
windscreens, temporary shelters, or portable heating units will be used.
4.5.5 Noise
Hearing protection may be required during drilling operations. Training on the proper use of hearing
protection will be conducted as a part of the health and safety briefing conducted by the SSO prior to
on-Site work.
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Activities may require personnel to move large, heavy objects by hand. The human body is subject to
severe damage in the forms of back injury and hernia if caution is not observed when handling,
lifting, or moving these large, heavy objects.
General Rules
• Get a good footing.
Place feet about one shoulder width apart.
• Bend at knees to grasp weight.
• Keep the back straight.
• Get a firm hold.
4.5. 7 Slip, Trip and Fall Hazards
Ground survey should be made at the Site to identify any holes or possible trip hazards. Walkways
should be maintained c !ear of debris and in a dry condition. Tools and clothing should be stored
when not in use and should not be left on the ground.
4.5.8 Drowning
Work within and/or in close proximity to the stormwater management lagoon present drowning
dangers. All field work performed on or near water will be conducted in accordance with OSHA
standard 29 CRF 1926.106, entitled, "Working Over or Near Water." Specific requirements for
samplers while working in or in the vicinity of the stormwater management lagoon include:
• Samplers shall wear U.S. Coast Guard approved life jackets or buoyant work vests;
• Prior to and after each use, the buoyant work vests or life preservers shall be inspected for
defects which would alter their strength or buoyancy. Defective units shall not be used;
• Ring buoys with-at least 90 feet of line shall be provided and readily available for emergency
· rescue operations. Distance between ring buoys shall not exceed 200 feet; and,
• At least one lifesaving skiff shall be immediately available at locations where employees are
working over or adjacent to water.
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Extension cords used with portable electric tools and appliances shall be tliree-wire and grounded.
Plugs shall conform to the type and configuration required by the OSHA Construction Standards.
4.6 Biological Hazard
4.6.1 Insect Bites and Stings
Insects may be present at this site. Although they can be painful, they rarely cause death. However,
some people have a severe allergic reaction to an insect bite or sting that can result in a life
threatening condition. The following is a list of preventive measures:
•
•
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Apply insect repellent prior to fieldwork and or as often as needed throughout the work shift.
Wear proper protective clothing (work boots, sock and light colored pants) .
When walking in wooded areas, avoid contact with bushes, tall grass, or brush as much as
possible.
• Field personnel who may have insect allergies should provide this information to the HSO
prior to commencing work.
• Mark and avoid fire ant'mounds.
4.6.2 Tick Bites
The Center for Disease Control (CDC) has noted the increase of Lyme Disease and Rocky Mountain
Spotted Fever (RMSF) resulting from bites from infected ticks that live in and near wooded areas, tall
grass, and brush. Ticks are small, ranging in size up to about one quarter inch. They are sometimes
difficult to see. The tick season extends from spring through summer. When embedded in the skin,
they may look like a freckle. Lyme disease has occurred in 43 states, with the heaviest concentrations
in the Northeast (Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania), the upper
Midwest (Minnesota and Wisconsin), and along the northern California coast. It is caused by deer
ticks and lone star ticks which have become infected with spirochetes. Deer ticks may range in size
from one-eighth inch in size up to one-quarter inch in size and can be black or brick red in color.
Lone star ticks are larger and chestnut brown in color.
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RMSF has occurred in 36 states, with the heaviest concentrations in Oklahoma, North Carolina,
South Carolina, and Virginia. It is caused by Rocky Mountain wood ticks, and dog ticks which have
become infected with rickettsia. Both types of ticks are black in color.
Standard field gear (work boots, socks and light-colored coveralls) provides good protection against
tick bites, particularly if the joints are taped. However, even when wearing field gear, the following
precautions should be taken when working in areas that might be infested with ticks:
When in the field, check yourself often for ticks, particularly on your lower legs and areas
covered with hair. Look for "a freckle that moves".
• Spray outer clothing, particularly your pant legs and socks, BUT NOT YOUR SKIN, with
an insect repellent.
• When walking in wooded areas, avoid contact with bushes, tall grass, or brush as much as
possible.
• If you suspect that a tick is present, remove it with tweezers only, and not with matches or a
lit cigarette. Grasp the tick with the tweezers and pull gently. If it resists, cover the tick with
salad oil for about 15 minutes to asphyxiate it, then remove it with tweezers. Do not use nail
polish or any other type of chemical. Be sure and remove all parts of the tick's body. Once
removed, disinfect the area with alcohol, or a similar antiseptic.
Look for signs of the onset of Lyme disease, such as a rash that looks like a bulls-eye or an
expanding red circle surrounding a light area on the skin, frequently with a small welt in the
center. This rash can appear from several days to several weeks after the tick bite.
• Also I ook for signs oft he onset of R MSF, an inflammation or rash comprising many red
spots under the skin, which appears 3 to lO days after the tick bite. The rash frequently
occurs on the ankles and wrists.
The first symptoms of either disease are flu-like chills, headache, dizziness, fatigue, stiff neck, and
bone pain. If immediately treated by a physician, most individuals recover fully in a short period of
time. Ifnot treated, more serious symptoms can occur.
If you believe you have been bitten by a tick, or if any of the signs and symptoms noted above
appears, contact the SSO. The SSO has the authority to authorize a physician visit for an examination
and possible treatment.
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There are poisonous snakes in Wake County, North Carolina. If bitten by a snake, remain calm, keep
the affected area below the level of the heart and walk, do not run, to the nearest aid station for
assistance. The SSO will designate someone to immediately transport the victim to the closest
medical facility for treatment or send for appropriate medical assistance, whichever is faster. The
following precautions should be used when working in areas with snakes:
• Wear appropriate protective equipment (work boots, snake chaps).
Be alert and aware of surroundings.
• Avoid walking in wooded areas and through bushes, tall grass or brush as much as possible.
4.6.4 Plants
The potential for contact with poisonous plants exists when performing fieldwork in North Carolina.
Poison ivy, sumac, and oak may be present on site. Poison ivy can be found as vines on tree trunks or
as upright bushes. Poison ivy consists of three leaflets with notched edges. Two-leaflets form a pair
on opposite sides of the stalk, and the third leaflet stands by itself at the tip. Poison ivy is red in the
early spring and turns shiny green later in the spring. Poison sumac can be present in the form of a
flat-topped shrub or tree. It has fem-like leaves, which are velvety dark green on top and pale
underneath. The branches of immature trees have a velvety "down.11 Poison sumac has white, "hairy"
berry clusters. Contact with poison ivy, sumac or oak may lead to a skin rash, characterized by
reddened, itchy, blistering skin which needs first aid treatment.
Poison ivy barrier cream and cleanser will be used at the discretion of the SSO. Site workers will
apply the barrier cream prior to working in areas where exposure to the poisonous plants exists.
Subsequently, the cleanser will be used at the end of the work shift to remove oils, which remain on
the skin from exposure to the plants.
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5.0 TRAINING REQUIREMENTS
5.1 Basic Training
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Consistent with 29 CFR 1910.120, OSHA Hazardous Waste Operations, personnel performing
fieldwork associated with the removal action activities must have received formal off-Site hazardous
waste training (with three days on-the-job training) prior to on-Site work. This consists of 40 hours
of initial training and 8 hours of annual refresher training for field staff. Managers and supervisors
must receive an additional 8 hours of specialized off-Site training geared toward their supervisory
responsibilities. Excluded from this responsibility are workers who will not have the opportunity to
contact Site hazards such as truck drivers. Personnel responsible for field activities must be familiar
with and have access to this Sampling HSP.
5.2 · Pre-Work Briefing
A health and safety meeting will be conducted by the SSO prior to commencing field activities. The
meeting will address the following topics;
• contents of the approved Sampling HSP;
• discussion of work tasks and potential hazards;
• identification of evacuation routes and routes to the hospital;
• locations of site emergency equipment and supplies;
• discussion of personal protective equipment (PPE) requirements and action levels;
• reviewoftheOSHA 101 form(Appendix C)to befilledoutinthe eventofan injury or
illness caused by work at the Site; and
reminder that unsafe work practices or conditions should be reported to the SSO.
The health and safety site-specific training described above will also be conducted for new personnel
assigned to the Site. Following the briefing, personnel will be required to signify that they have read
and understood the con tents oft his Sampling H SP by signing the H ealth and Safety P Ian Review
Signature Form (Appendix D).
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At the beginning of each day, the SSO (or designee) will review on-Site work activities and outline
Site conditions with respect to modifications of work plans and health and safety plans. Personnel
will be briefed and updated on any changes in safety procedures and sign a "Tailgate" Safety Meeting
Fonn found in Appendix E.
5.4 First Aid and CPR
The SSO will identify those individuals having First Aid and CPR training. At least two individuals
in the sampling team will have current First Aid and CPR training. Training will be consistent with
the requirements of the American Red Cross.
5.5 Documentation
Documentation of training requirements is the responsibility of each worker (including drilling
subcontractors). Written documentation verifying compliance with 29 CFR 1910.120 must be
submitted to the SSO. Documentation of workers current training credentials ( 40-Hour Training, 8-
Hour Refreshers, 8-hour Supervisory Training, and medical respirator clearance) will be kept on-Site
and submitted on request. No one will be allowed to work on-Sik without the appropriate training
and medical clearances.
5.6 Hazard Communication
In accordance with the OSHA Hazard Communication Standard (29 C FR 1 910.1200 and 2 9 C FR
1926.59), copies of material safety data sheets (MSDS) for chemical materials brought on-Site will be
available in the field office or from the SSO. The MSDS training will be conducted by the SSO in
accordance with 29 CFR 1910.1200 and 29 CFR· 1926.59 and the sampling contractor's hazard
communication program. The training will be conducted in conjunction with the pre-work briefing.
Training will include, but may not be limited to all hazards or potential hazards associated with any
chemical materials on-Site. Appendix B contains the MSDSs for on-Site Hazardous Materials.
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6.1 General
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Site control measures will be implemented by members of the field sampling team to control access
and minimize the potential for the spread of impacted materials to non-impacted areas. The work
area will be divided into three different zones as determined by the HSC:
The Exclusion (or Work) Zone: Consists oft hose areas, which a re considered, affected or
potentially affected by chemical constituents. Only the necessary number of workers with
proper protective equipment will be allowed in this area.
• The Contamination Reduction Zone (CRZ): In this area personal decontamination procedures
will be implemented.
• The Support (or Clean) Zone: This area will be used primarily for field command
operations.
6.2 Daily Start Up
The following procedures will be followed prior to daily Site start up:
• The SSO (or designee) will review on-Site work activities with respect to modifications of
the work plans and health and safety plans, and brief and update personnel;
• Safety and monitoring equipment will be checked for proper function; and
• The SSO will visually assess dust conditions in the work area.
Start-up activities shall be documented in the Site logbook.
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Air monitoring for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is not anticipated during field sampling
activities because the chemicals listed in Table 4-1 are not volatile under normal outdoor conditions.
Air monitoring for particulates i s not anticipated during field sampling activities because the field
activities do not create dusty conditions. However, the SSO will be responsible for visually assessing
for dust and will be responsible for recommendations to upgrade PPE requirements. If airborne dust
is visible in the breathing zone, work will cease until monitoring for total dust can be accomplished
with a real-time particulate instrument. Work may proceed in Level D if total dust (respirable) is less
than 5 mg/m3. Level C PPE is required if total dust is greater than 5 mg/m3•
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REQUIREMENTS
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The level of protection required for sampling field activities will be based on the recognized hazards
of the chemicals of potential concern, most likely routes of exposure (e.g., dermal, ingestion and
possibly inhalation) and on observations for dust. The purpose of PPE is to ensure that the individual
is protected from the hazards encountered in the course of the project. The elements involved in PPE
include protective clothing, eye and face protection, and respiratory protection that may be used by
individuals involved in sampling field activities.
8.2 Respiratory Protection Program
No respirators are currently anticipated to be required for this project. Personnel required to wear a
respirator must comply with the requirements outlined in this program. Personnel who will be
involved with sampling activities must first be cleared by the HSO. These personnel must also have
been trained in the selection, operation, and maintenance of air purifying respirators in accordance
with OSHA Standard 29 CFR 1910.134. Respiratory protection will be upgraded to Level Cat the
judgment of the HSC and/or SSO. The NJOSH Respirator Decision Logic will be used to determine
appropriate respiratory protection.
Prior to using a respirator, personnel must be properly fit tested. The fit test will be conducted by the
HSC if proof of a previous fit test has not been documented within the last year. The fit test will be
performed using the appropriate challenge aerosol for the type of respirator selected (e.g., irritant
smoke, isoamyl acetate (e.g., banana oil), or saccharin aerosol). Records of fit tests will be
maintained in project files and with the HSC.
Special lens holders, glasses, or both may be required for full-face respirators. Persons requiring
corrective lenses and a full-face respirator shall have a specific respirator fitted with the corrective
lens prescription prior to the initiation of field activities. Contact lenses shall not be worn while
performing fieldwork. Beards, long sideburns, and mustaches that interfere with the proper fit of a
respirator are prohibited.
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A respirator will be assigned to each person who may have to use one during field activities. It is the
individual's responsibility to properly operate and maintain the respirator. Personnel will be
responsible for cleaning, dis in fee ting, inspecting, and storing their respirator before and after each
use. Personnel will report any problems with respirators to the HSC.
8.3 PPE Protection Summary
A description of minimum requirements for Level C and Level D protection is summarized below.
When using either criteria, the buddy system must be used; at least two persons must conduct the
work. Planned field activities will be initiated at Level D protection. The H SC will decide if an
upgrade to Level C is necessary due to airborne dust. If PPE above Level C is deemed necessary,
then field activities will cease pending assessment by the SSO, HSC and HSO.
8.3.1 Level D Equipment
PPE associated with Level D protection includes:
• boots with steel toes and shank;
• Neoprene® or Nitrile® chemical resistant outer gloves (required for handling contaminated
soils or sediments);
• disposable latex inner gloves;
• boot covers (disposable -at the determination of the SSO);
• safety glasses (face shield and/or goggles when needed for chemical splash protection such
as in the plant area or working with wet sediments);
• hard hat (optional -at the determination of the SSO) or when over-head hazards exist;
• thermal/weather protection (coat, overalls, sweater, hat, rain gear, cool vest, heat stress
monitors, optional -at the determination of the SSO or by personal choice);
• ear protection to be worn when working around drill rigs and other loud equipment; and
• long sleeve shirt (optional-at the determination of the SSO) and long pants.
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PPE associated with Level C protection includes:
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• minimum half-face air purifying respirator (NIOSH approved) equipped with a compatible
cartridge combination of HEPA filter for dust as determined by the SSO;
• Tyvek® coveralls;
safety boots with steel toe & shank;
• Nitrile® or Neoprene® chemical resistant outer gloves (optional);
• disposable latex inner gloves;
• boot covers (optional -at the determination of the SSO);
• hard hat (optional -at the determination of the SSO);
• face shield and/or goggles when needed for chemical splash protection ( optional -at the
determination of the SSO);
• thermal/weather protection (optional -at the determination of the SSO);
• ear protection to be worn when working around drill rigs and other loud equipment; and
• long sleeve shirt and long pants.
A summary of PPE requirements for the project specific tasks is provided in Table 8-1.
Modifications in the personal protective equipment requirements outlined in this document may b~
necessary as new conditions and/or tasks warrant. Addenda and revisions 10 this HSP will be made
only by the SSO, the HSC or the HSO, and shall be documented using the Addendum/Revision
Record found in Appendix A.
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9.0 DECONTAMINATION PROCEDURES
9.1 General
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Decontamination procedures reduce the potential for transport of chemicals of concern outside of the
work area. Decontamination procedures also protect workers from potential exposure that may occur
during removal of personal protective equipment. It is important that decontamination is handled in
an organized, step-wise manner. If decontamination is conducted improperly, inhalation or dermal
contact with constituents of concern may occur.
Decontamination consists of thoroughly decontaminating reusable PPE and general equipment, and
washing face and hands before leaving the Site. Disposal of wastes generated from decontamination
procedures will be the responsibility of the Ward Transformer Group.
9.2 Contamination Prevention
The prevention of contamination is the first step towards providing a clean and safe work place.
Contamination prevention should minimize worker exposure and help ensure valid sample results by
precluding cross-contamination. Procedures for contamination avoidance include:
I
Personnel
Do not walk through areas of obvious or known contamination; walking through puddles or
mud, and kneeling on the ground shall be avoided.
■ Make sure personal-protective equipment has no cuts or tears prior to wearing.
■ Fasten closures on suits.
• Particular care should be taken to protect any skin injuries.
• Stay upwind of dust.
Equipment and Samples
• Monitoring equipment shall not be placed on potentially contaminated surfaces.
• Limit the amount of contamination that comes in contact with heavy equipment and vehicles.
• If contaminated tools are to be placed on non-contaminated equipment/vehicles for transport
to the decontamination area, use plastic wrap or sheeting to keep the equipment clean.
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The following materials will be available for decontamination as needed:
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galvanized wash tub;
tap water;
plastic sheeting:
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alkaline soap solution (Alconox®, or other heavy-duty detergent);
long handle scrub brushes;
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disposable plastic to cover the station area;
disinfectant wipes to clean inside of respirator; and
distilled water in a squeeze bottle for rinsing .
9.4 Personnel Decontamination
Diagrams of general work areas and outlines for Level C and Level D decontamination are presented
on Figures 9-1 through 9-3. The following minimum procedures for Level C decontamination will be
followed prior to leaving the work area:
Exiting Exclusion Zone
Equipment drop
Contamination Reduction Zone
Outer Gannent, Boots, and Gloves
Wash and Rinse
Outer Boot and Glove Removal
Air Purifying Respirator
I. Upon exiting the exclusion or work zone, workers will
deposit their equipment on a plastic drop cloth in the
designated area. Soil and sediment sampling
equipment will be wiped clean with a damp c loth, as
required. During hot weather, a cool-down station may
be set up in this area.
2. Workers will scrub outer boots, outer gloves, and
coveralls with a long handled brush and soap and
water. Workers will then rinse with plenty of water,
3. Once completed with rinsing, workers will remove
outer gloves and outer boots and discard them.
4. Workers will receive a new respirator cartridge (or
mask}, outer gloves, and outer boots for r etum to the
work/exclusion zone.
Golder Associates
•
Ward Transformer Superfund Site
Revision 0
Outer Garment Removal
Respirator Removal
Support Zone
Field Wash
•
-28-
November 2005
053-3184
5. If workers are not returning to the work/exclusion
zone, they will remove their coveralls and deposit them
in separate containers.
6. Once coveralls are deposited, respirators may be
removed. Respirators will be washed in soap solution
and rinsed in water. The inside of the respirators will
be cleaned with an alcohol wipe. Inner gloves will be
removed and discarded.
7. Thoroughly wash hands and face. Shower as soon as
possible.
During this procedure, methods for properly disposing of contaminated personal protective clothing
or equipment must be followed to reduce the possibility of contacting potentially contaminated
media. Decontaminated PPE and trash will be placed in DOT-approved drums or roll-offs for
disposal.
9.5 Equipment Decontamination
9.5.1 Respiratory Protective Equipment
When respiratory protective equipment is required, there is a high potential for these units to become
contaminated. At the end of each workday, respirators will be thoroughly decontaminated. During
decontamination, this equipment will be properly disassembled (according to manufacturer
specifications), washed with soap and water, rinsed in water, cleaned with an alcohol wipe and
allowed to dry before reassembly. Disassembly and reassembly shall be performed by personnel
trained in this task.
9.5.2 Drilling and Sampling Equipment
At the discretion of the SSO, decontamination procedures may be used on a daily basis to address
potential contamination or equipment that will move between clean and contaminated areas without
leaving the work area. Brushes and other similar tools will be used to manually remove gross
materials from tires, tracks, and other portions of the equipment.
A steam cleaner may be used to decontaminate equipment at the completion of the project and for any
equipment leaving the Site from a contaminated work area. Personnel should exercise caution when
Golder Associates
•
Ward Transformer Superfund Site
Revision 0 -29-
•
November 2005
053-3184
using a steam cleaner. The high-pressure steam can cause severe burns. Protective gloves, safety
glasses with side shields or face shield, hard hats, steel-toed boots, and Tyvek suit or rain gear will be
worn when using the steam cleaners. Small equipment will bed econtaminated as per procedures
referenced in Section 9.5.1. Water from the decontamination process will be captured for appropriate
disposal.
Golder Associates
•
Ward Transformer Superfund Site
Revision 0 -30-
10.0 EMERGENCY RESPONSE PROCEDURES
10.1 General
•
November 2005
053-3 I 84
The following procedures should be implemented in the event of an emergency. The SSO will act as
the field sampling Emergency Coordinator. The SSO is responsible for investigating emergency
situations arising from the sampling work and has the authority to modify or stop sampling activities
in order to reduce potential hazards until the hazards have been identified and corrective actions
taken. If the emergency situation requires fire, police, or medical personnel, the telephone numbers
listed in Table I 0-1 should be used to contact the appropriate emergency personnel.
10.2 . Emergency Notifications
Telephone numbers for fire department, ambulance, police, and medical facilities are listed in 10-1.
In the event of an emergency, the EPA RPM, Project Coordinator, and Sampling Team Leader should
also be notified as soon as possible.
10.3 Evacuation Routes
In the event of an emergency, evacuation routes must be followed by Site personnel. Figure 10-1
identifies the location of the hospital. During an evacuation, the HSC will be responsible for
conducting a head count to ensure that sampling personnel have safely exited the Site.
10.4 Emergency Equipment and First Aid Requirements
10.4.1 Emergency Equipment and First Aid Supplies
A fully equipped first aid kit will be maintained at the Site. The kit will contain a minimum of two
pairs of latex gloves to be worn by first aid providers, and a CPR barrier mask to be used during CPR.
Portable eye wash containers, filled with sterile rinse solutions, will be located in each field-sampling
vehicle.
I 0.4.2 Fire Extinguishers
A portable fire extinguisher with combination Class ABC rating will be maintained on each drill rig.
Golder Associates
•
Ward Transformer Superfund Site
Revision 0 -31-
11.0 MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE PROGRAM
•
November 2005
053-3184
A medical surveillance program will be in compliance with 29 CFR 1910:120 and implemented for
field personnel. This medical program assures that personnel are physically able to perform the
assigned work. The program also monitors the personnel's health and provides medical care for
occupational injury or illness. Contractors and subcontractors shall certify that their own personnel
are medically fit for the intended work.
Specialized blood chemistry programs are not required unless exposure to a particular chemical of
concern is suspected. Should this situation occur, the site HSO should be consulted. The HSO and
HSC will make a determination of any requirement for special monitoring.
Golder Associates
•
Ward Transformer Superfund Site
Revision 0 -32-
12.0 RECORD KEEPING AND REPORTS
12.1 General Record Keeping
•
November 2005
053-3184
The SSO will maintain logs covering the implementation of the sampling activities. Copies of logs
and reports will be kept by the SSO. Medical clearance records of field personnel will be maintained
by the SSO. Certification of employee training and field experience will also be maintained by the
SSO. Copies ofrespirator fit test records will be kept at the Site and/or in personnel medical files.
Sampling personnel will be required to read and understand this Sampling HSP. Signed statements
will be maintained at the Site.
12.2 Training Records
Training records will be prepared by the SSO for personnel involved m field activities. At a
minimum, these records will include:
• employee's name;
• verification of pre-work physical examination (e.g., medical clearance);
• Sampling HSP training verification (Pre-Work Briefing);
"tailgate" safety meeting roster with topics;
• MSDS training verification; and
respirator fit test records.
12.3 Daily Field Information
The daily field information will be noted on the Field Sampling Logs and/or the Daily Summary Logs
by the SSO or their designee. The information will contain:
• date;
• area (site-specific) checked;
■ personnel in specific area;
• equipment being utilized by personnel;
• PPE being used by site personnel in sampling work areas; and
■ PPE maintenance records.
Golder Associates
•
Ward Transformer Superfund Site
Revision 0 -33-
•
November 2005
053-3 I 84
The HSC and/or SSO will note items that pose potential health and safety risks or inconsistencies
with the Sampling HSP, and the actions taken to address the situation.
A separate sign-in log will be maintained for visitors to the Site and will include name, date, time in-
out, company name, and signature. Visitors to Site areas other than the support zone require training
and medical monitoring consistent with 29 CFR 1910.120.
12.4 Accident Reporting
Field personnel shall report any job-related accident or· injury immediately to the SSO or Sampling
Team Leader. Upon receiving appropriate medical attention, an accident report will be filled out by
the SSO and injured employee using an OSHA Form 101 (Appendix C). Photographs shall be taken
of the accident location if it involved an identifiable physical hazard (e.g., fall hazard, unguarded
machinery, etc.). One copy of this report will go to the field log/files, and one copy will go to the
HSO with distribution to the Project Coordinator. This report will be filed and forwarded within 24
hours.
12.S Project Completion Activities
At the completion of sampling, the SSO will provide documentation of the project Sampling HSP
implementation, including the following:
I. The SSO will provide decontamination records for equipment to be removed from the Site at
the completion of this phase of activities. These records will be maintained in the permanent
project file.
2. The medical records for any personnel involved in a work-related accident or illness will be
updated by the SSO. These updates will be sent for inclusion in the personnel medical files.
Exposure and medical monitoring records will be maintained as per 29 CFR 1910.120.
3. An OSHA 300 log will be kept for recording lost workdays, restricted duties, and OSHA-
recordable injuries or fatalities. The log will be prepared by the SSO and kept on Site until
completion of the sampling. At that time, it will be forwarded to the sampling contractor's
office to be retained for five years.
4. If no work-related accidents or illnesses occurred during sampling, a statement to this effect
will be placed in the file.
Golder Associates
•
Ward Transformer Superfund Site
Revision 0
13.0 REFERENCES
•
-34-
November 2005
053-3184
Code of Federal Regulations, Title 29, Part 1910, Subsections 120, 134, 1200 and 1926.
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). Toxicological profile for (certain
chemicals).
American Conference of Government Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH}, "Threshold Limit Values for
Chemical Substances and Physical Agents and Biological Exposure Indices", 2002 and TLV
Documentation Guide.
National Institute of Occupational Health and Safety (NIOSH}, "Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards",
Latest Edition.
NIOSH/OSHNUSCG/EPA "Occupational Safety and Health Guidance Manual for Hazardous Waste
Site Activities," I 985.
NIOSH, "NIOSH Respirator Decision Logic," May 1987.
United States Environmental Protection Agency Region IV, 2004. "Enforcement Action
Memorandum, Request for a Removal Action at Ward Transformer Site in Raleigh, North
Carolina", September 14, 2004.
United States Environmental Protection Agency Region IV, 2005. "Administrative Settlement
Agreement and Order on Consent for Removal Action, CERCLA Docket No. CERCLA-04-
2005-3778", September 16, 2005.
Weston Solutions, Inc., 2004. Ward Transformer Site Revised Remedial Investigation and Risk
Assessment Report, Raleigh, Wake County, North Carolina. September 2004.
Golder Associates
• •
November 2005
TABLE 4-1
REGULATORY AND RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LIMITS
FOR SELECTED CHEMICALS
WARD TRANSFORMER SUPERFUND SITE
COMPOUND OSHA PEL ACGIH TLV
4,4'-DDT 1 mg/m3 (skin) 1 mg/m3
Benzo(a)pyrene and PNAs 0.2 mg/m3 --
Dieldrin 0.25 mg/m3 (skin) 0.25 mg/m3 (skin)
Chlorinated Biphenyls ( 60% 0.5 mg/m3 (skin) 0.5 mg/m3 (skin) chlorine)
Chlorinated Biphenyls (54% 0.5 mg/m3 (skin) 0.5 mg/m3 (skin) chlorine)
2,3,7,8-TCDD None----
Arsenic 0.01 mg/m3 0.01 mg/m3
Lead 0.05 mg/m3----
Manganese 5 mg/m3 0.2 mg/m3
Mercury 0.1 mg/m3
053-3184
ACGIH TLV® -American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists' Threshold Limit
Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents and Biological Exposure Indices 2005
PEL -Permissible Exposure Limit
STEL -Short Term Exposure Limit
---No value established.
Golder Associates
November 2005
• •
TABLE 4-2
HEAT STRESS: BASIS FOR WORK SCHEDULE
WARD TRANSFORMER SUPERFUND SITE
FREQUENCY OF MEASUREMENT
053-3 I 84
AMBIENT NORMAL WORK IMPERMEABLE WORK
TEMPERATURE (°F) CLOTHING' CLOTHING
70° -80° NIA 90MIN
80° -85° 120 MIN 60 MIN
85" -90° 90MIN 30 MIN
>90" 60MIN 15 MIN
'Normal work clothing is cotton coveralls, or other cotton clothing with long sleeves and pants .
•
Golder Associates
• •
November 2005
TASK
Soil Sampling
TABLE 8-1
REMOVAL ACTION SAMPLING PPE REQUIREMENTS
WARD TRANSFORMER SUPERFUND SITE
RESPIRATORY CLOTHING GLOVES BOOTS
NA Level D L,N B
Decontamination NA Level D L,N B
Borehole NA Backfilling Level D L,N B
NOTES:
B Steel-toe work boots with disposable boot covers
C Cotton overalls
F = Steel-toe fireman's boots
HH = Hard hat
HP Hearing Protection
L Latex
N = Nitrile
NA Not Anticipated
s Surgical
SG Safety glasses
T = Tyvek
w Work Gloves • = Depending on Area
Golder Associates
053-3184
OTHER•
SG (HHIHP
with drill rig)
SG
SG
• •
November 2005
TABLE 10-1
EMERGENCY PHONE NUMBERS
WARD TRANSFORMER SUPERFUND SITE
Emer2encv Services Teleohone Numbers
Police 911
Fire 91!
Hosoital (919) 784•3100
Poison Control 91 I
Pro·ect Coordinator to be notified in case of emer enc
William 0. Weir 412 831-4604
Golder Associates
053•3184
Site Location LEGEND N....,.._ N--N CtMl<olstroamslriYe,. CJLMNlponds w-eo...yGIS.1999 Wes10n ~~n<;-~ 2005 ~ll LOCATION MAP N A us Slala Plano DATIJM NA083 Ward Transformer Supem,nd Sile I JAGolder Raleigh, North C8rol"'8 '2!"Associates Do\l'l2 1 PR00UCED: (OEa<ED: Oc:lol>« 2005 I JES I OSI. -GHC FtGURENO. 1-1
LEGEND :· • .. •· Property line N F«vcA NOTES SOURCE w_,, Co<ny GIS, 1999 Wooton SOlwons, Inc., 2005 Site Layout MAP PROJECTION IDAl\JM us Slata Plano I NA083 LOCATlON MAP N A Ward Transformer Supetfund Site I .Golder Raleigh, NOllh Carolina \Zr"Associates DATE: PROOUCED: lcHEO<ED: I REVIEWED: I FIGURE NO. ~2005 JES DSl GHC 1-2
CONTAMINATION
AREA
EXCLUSION ZONE
The size of each work zone wiU depend on
site specific conditions; e.g., extent of
contamination, drilling requirements, etc.
CLIENT/PROJECT
DRAWN
Ward Transfonner Superfund Site
Raleigh, NC
GM lCHELTJID DSL I REVIEWED GHC DATE
Acces
Control
Points
CONTAMINATION
REDUCTION
CORRIDOR
CONTAMINATION
REDUCTION ZONE
10-14-05 I
SCALE
I
' , . -----Contamination ~ Control Line
WIND DIRECTION
I
I
I
I
\
\
I
I
\
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Atlanta, Georgia
... ;.... ______ -<:«
Command Post
SUPPORT ZONE
lT11.E
General Work Area
I
FILE NO JOB NO. IDWG NO/REV NO. IFIGIJRJ,
N/A 053-3184 053-3184 HASP 9-1 .cdr 9-1
Hot Line
Minimum
Decontamination Layout
LEVELC
PROTECTION
Contamination
Control Line
The decontamination corridor
is approximately S fl by 10 ft.
CLIENT/PROJECT
EXCLUSION ZONE
CONTAMINATION
REDUCTION ZONE
SUPPORT ZONE
Ward Transformer Superfund Site
Raleigh, NC
DRAWN ED REVIEWED DATE
GM DSL GHC 10-14-05
AI..E
Cartridge
Change
Atlanta, Georgia
TITLE
Segregated
Equipment Drop
Outer Garment,
Boots, and Gloves
Wash and Rinse
Outer Boot and
Glove Removal
Boots, Gloves,
and Outer Garment
Removal
Respiratory
Protection
Removal
Field Wash
Outline for Level C Decontamination
FIL£ NO JOB NO. DWG NO/REV NO. fl URE
N/A 053-3184 053-3184 HASP 9-2.cdr 9-2
EXCLUSION ZONE
Segregated
Equipment Drop
Hot Line ---------·---------·---------------------------· --·--+--~
Minimum
Decontamination Layout
LEVELD
PROTECTION
CONTAMINATION
REDUCTION ZONE
Contamination
Control Line
The decontamination corridor
is approximately 5 ft by 10 ft.
CUENTtPRO/ECT
SUPPORT ZONE
Ward Transfonner Superfund Site
Raleigh, NC
DRA
GM
RJ:-vJEWED DATE
DSL GHC 10-14-05
T1T1.E
Atlanta, Georgia
Outer Garment,
Boots, and Gloves
Wash and Rinse
Boots, Gloves,
and Outer Garment
Removal
Field Wash
Outline for Level D Decontamination
FIi..£ N JOB NO. DWG NO./REV NO. ~lG0RE
N/A 053-3184 053-3184 HASP 9-3.cdr 9-3
Site & Hospital Location IV Mojot-N --N c.wblsr--ukM/pondo + Rex Hospital 4420 Lake Boone Trail Raleigh, NC 27607 [phone] W-eo..,iy GIS, 1999 w .. 10n -· 1nc.. 2005 IDATUM us State Plane HA083 LOCATION MAP N A Ward T...tonner Superlurid Site I <IGokler Raleigh, North Carolina '.Assoda1es o,.TE: I PRODUCED: (a<EO<B> I Oc:lober 2005 J JES I OSI. r:: rflGUflE NO. 10-1
• •
HEALTH AND SAFETY PLAN ADDENDUM/REVISION
Date: ______________________________ _
Site Designation/Location: _______________________ _
Subject: _____________________________ _
Addendum: ____________________________ _
Affected Health and Safety Plan Section: __________________ _
Revision: -----------------------------
Requested by: Signature: _______________________ _
Printed Name: ______________________ _
Title: _________________________ _
Effective Date: ___________________________ _
Approved By: Signature: _______________________ _
Printed Name: -----------------------Title: ________ ~-----------------
CONCURRENCE (by Project Manager and Health and Safety Officer or Health and Safety
Coordinator):
Effective Date: ___________________________ _
Approved By: Signature: _______________________ _
Printed Name: ______________________ _
Title: _________________________ _
NOTES/REMARKS:
Golder Associates
NPGD0016 -NIOSH Pock.ide to Chemical Hazards I CDC/NIO. Pagel of l
NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards
!Aldrin IICAS 309-00-2 I
IC12HaCls IIRTECS I021QQ0QQ I
Synonyms & Trade Names DOT ID & Guide
1,2,3,4, 10, 1 O-Hexachloro-1,4,4a,5,8,8a-hexahydro-endo-1,4-exo-2761 j.§1
5,8-dimethanonaphthalene; HHDN; Octalene
Exposure I NIOSH REL: Ca TWA 0.25 mglm3 [skin) !;lee Appeodi~ 8 I
Limits losHA PEL: TWA 0.25 mg/m3 [skin] I
l10LH Ca 125 mglm3] See: 30900~ II Conversion I
Physical Description
Colorless to dark-brown crystalline solid with a mild chemical odor. [Note: Formerly used as an insecticide.)
IMW: 364.9 II BP: Decomposes IIMLT: 219'F II Sol: 0.003% I
IVP: 0.00008 mmHg IIIP:? I I Sp.Gr: 1.60 I
IFI.P: NA lluEL: NA IILEL: NA I
!Noncombustible Solid, but may be dissolved in flammable liquids. I
Incompatibilities & Reactivities
Concentrated mineral acids, active metals, acid catalysts, acid oxidizing agents, phenol
Measurement Methods
NIOSH~
See: ~ or Qfil!A.~lho~s
Personal Protection & Sanitation First Aid (~_proced.=>
Skin: Prevent skin contact Eye: Irrigate immediately
Eyes: Prevent eye contact Skin: Soap wash immediately
Wash skin: When contaminated/Daily Breathing: Respiratory support
Remove: When wet or contaminated Swallow: Medical allentlon immediately
Change: Dally
Provide: Eyewash, Quick drench
Important additional infommti<w.~t,,.oyt rn~!lira!Qf.1,~e.C.tiQ!!
Respirator Recommendations NIOSH
At concentrations above the NIOSH REL, or where there Is no REL, at any detectable concentration: (APF = 10,000)
Any self-contained breathing apparatus the! hes e full feceplece end is operated In a pressure-demand or other positive-
pressure model(APF = 10,000) Any supplied-air respirator that has a full faceplece and is operated in a pressure-demand
or other positive-pressure mode In combination with an auxiliary self-contained positive-pressure breathing apparatus
Escape: (APF = 50) Any air-purifying, full-facepiece respirator (gas mask) with a chin-style, front• or back-mounted organic
vapor canister having a high-efficiency particulate filler/Any appropriate escape-type, self-contained breathing apparatus
I Exposure Routes inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact I
Symptoms Headache, dizziness; nausea, vomiting, malaise (vague feeling of discomfort); myoclonic jerks of limbs; clonic,
tonic convulsions; coma; hematurla (blood in the urine), azotemia; [potential occupatlonal carcinogen]
Target Organs central nervous system, liver, kidneys, skin
Cancer Stte [in animals: tumors of the lungs, liver, thyroid & adrenal glands]
I See also: INIRODUQTION See ICSC CARD: 0774 See MEDICAL TESTS: Q_009 I
N!OSH Home I N!OSH Search I Site Index I Topic List I Qontact us
http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgdOO 16.html 9/28/2005
Benzo (alpha) Pyrene •
Chemical Sampling Information
Benzo {alpha) Pyrene
• Page I of2
Field Definitions
General Description
NAME: Benzo (alpha) Pyrene
Analytical
Methods
SYNONYM(s): BAP; Benzo alpha Pyrene; Benzo (a) Pyrene; 3,4-
Benzophrene; 6,7-Benzopyrene; Diesel Exhaust Component
IMIS:0726
CAS: 50-32-8
NIOSH: RTECS DJ3675000; 18284
DESCRIPTION:
Yellow needles.
MW: 252.32 ·
BP: 475 C
MP: 177 C
Exposure Limits
OSHA GENERAL INDUSTRY PEL: See Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles
(benzene soluble fractions)
ACGIH TLV: Appendix A2 (Suspected Human Carcinogen)
Health Factors
NTP: Suspect Human Carcinogen
. http://www.osha.gov/dts/chemicalsarnpling/data/CH_220327. html 9/28/2005
Benzo (alpha) Pyrene • •
IARC: Group 2A, probably carcinogenic to humans
Monitoring
PRIMARY SAMPLING/ANALYTICAL METHOD {SLCl}:
M~DIA: Glass Fiber Filter (37 mm)
ANL SOLVENT: Benzene
MAX V: 960 Liters MAX F: 2.0 L/min
ANL 1: High Performance Liquid Chromatography;
HPLC/UV/FLU
REF: 2 (OSHA 58)
SAE: 0.23
CLASS: Fully Validated (In conjunction with Coal Tar Pitch
Volatiles and Coke Oven Emissions.)
NOTE: After sampling, filter must be transferred to a vial
with a Teflon-lined cap. Sample must be protected from
direct sunlight.
COND: Benzene extraction; Bondapak C18 column; 80%
methanol 20% water; 1.5 mL/min; fluorescence 280 ex, 370 em,
or UV 254, 280, 365 nm; DL 0.005 ug/sample
BULK METHOD:
Limit the amount of bulk submitted to one gram or one ml
◄ Chemical Sampling lnlorma1ion • Table ol Contents
Revision Date: 08/24/1992
* All Trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
http://www.osha.gov/dts/chemicalsampling/data/CH_220327 .html
Page 2 of 2
9/28/2005
Dibenz(a,h)anthracene • • Pagel of 2
Chemical Sampling Information
Dibenz(a,h)anthracene
Fielg Definitions
◄ Chemic~I Sa_mpJlng lnlorrnallon • Table ol Contents Analytical
Methods
General Description
NAME: Dlbenz(a,h)anthracene
IMIS: D156
CAS: 53-70-3
NIOSH: RTECS HN2625000; 30488
Exposure Limits
Health Factors
NTP: Suspect Human Carcinogen
IARC: Group 2A, probably carcinogenic to humans
Monitoring
PRIMARY SAMPLING/ ANALYTICAL METHOD (SLCl):
MEDIA: Glass Fiber Filter (37 mm)
ANL SOLVENT: Benzene
MAX V: 960 Liters MAX F: 2 L/mln
ANL 1: High Performance Liquid Chromatography;
HPLC/UV/FLU
http://www.osha.gov/dts/chemicalsampling/data/CH_23197 5 .html 9/28/2005
Dibenz(a,h)anthracene •
REF: 2 (OSHA In-House File)
CLASS: Partially Validated
•
NOTE: Immediately after sampling, transfer filter to glass
scintillation vial and seal with Teflon-lined cap.
COND: Column: Mobile Phase: Detector Wavelength: Detection
Limit:
BULK METHOD:
Limit the amount of bulk submitted to one gram or one mL.
◄ ~..h~mlcal Sampling lnlorrnalion -"J:(lt;ile_ oJ.~Q!llents
Revision Date: 08/24/1992
* All Trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
http://www.osha.gov/dts/chemicalsampli ng/data/CH_23 l 97 5 .html
Page 2 of 2
9/28/2005
NPGD0206 -NIOSH Pocauide to Chemical Hazards I CDC/NIO. Page I of I
NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards
IDieldrin IICAS 60-57-1 I
IC12HaClsO II RTECS ~OQOQ I
Synonyms & Trade Names DOT ID & Gulde
HEOD; 1,2,3,4, 10, 1O-Hexachloro-6,7-epoxy-1,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-2761 ID
octahydro-1,4-endo,exo-5,8-dimethanonaphthalene
Exposure NIOSH REL: Ca TWA 0.25 mgim3 [skin] See AP.~endlx A '
Limits I OSHA PEL: TWA 0.25 mg/m3 [skin] I
J1DLH Ca [50 mg/m3] See: 60571 JJconverslon I
Physical Description
Colorless to llghl-tan crystals with a mild, chemical odor. [insecticide]
IMW: 380.9 II BP: Decomposes IIMLT: 349°F liso1: 0.02% I
IVP(77°F): Bx 10-7 mmHg IIIP:? I lsp.Gr: 1.75 I
IFI.P: NA liuEL: NA IILEL: NA I
I Noncombustible Solid I
Incompatibilities & Reactivities
Strong oxidizers, active metals such as sodium, strong acids, phenols
Measurement Methods
NIOSH S283 (11-3)
See: fl!MAM or QSl:lA Methggs
Personal Protection & Sanitation First Aid (Snprncedures)
Skin: Prevent skin contact Eye: Irrigate Immediately
Eyes: Prevent eye contacl Skin: Soap wash immedlalely
Wash skin: When contaminated/Daily Breathing: Respiratory suppon
Remove: When wet or contaminated Swallow: Medical attention immediately
Chango: Dally
Provide: Eyewash, Quick drench
lmgQ[t~nt l)dQitiQa~I iQfQ[matiQ□ about resgiratQr sele~qn
Respirator Recommendations NIOSH
At concentrations above the NIOSH REL, or where there Is no REL, at any detectable concentration: (APF = 10,000)
Any self-contained brealhlng apparatus that has a full faceplece and Is operaled In a pressure-demand or other positive-
pressure mode/(APF = 10,000) Any supplied-air resplralor that has a full facepiece and is opera led In a pressure-demand
or olher positive-pressure mode In combination with an auxiliary self-contained positive-pressure brealhing apparatus
Escape: (APF = 50) Any air-purifying, full-facepiece respirator (gas mask) with a chin-style, front-or back-mounted organic
vapor canister having a high-efficiency paniculate filter/Any appropriate escape-type, self-contained breathing apparatus
I Exposure Routes inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin end/or eye contact I
Symptoms Headache, dizziness: nausea, vomiting, malaise (vague feeling of dlscomfon), sweating: myoclonlc limb jerks;
clonic, tonic convulsions; coma; [potential occupational carcinogen]: In animals: liver, kidney damage
Target Organs central nervous system, liver, kidneys, skin
Cancer Site [in animals: lung, Uver, thyroid & adrenal gland tumors]
lsee also: lt!!IRODUQIION See ICSC CARD: 0787 See MEDICAL TESTS: QQIZ I
t!!IQSH Home I t!!IQSl:l Searcil I Site Index I Iopic List I Qontact V•
http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0206.html 9/28/2005
• •
Heptachlor Epoxide
CAS Number: 1024-57-3
What is heptachlor epoxlde?
Heptachlor epoxide is a man-made compound lhat
looks like a white powder. Heptachlor epoxide is
created when a substance called heptachlor is
relensed to the environment and mixes with oxygen.
What Is heptachlor epoxlde used for?
Between the 1960s and 1970s heptachlor was used
to kill termites found in the home and farmers used
it to kill insects found on farm crops, especially com
crops. In lhc late 1970s, the use of hcptachlor was
phased out. By 1988, lhe commercial sale of
heptachlor was banned in the United States. The
use of heptachlor is restricted to controlling fire ants
in power transformers.
How can heptachlor epoxlde enter and
leave your body?
Heptachlor can get into your body by breathing
contaminated air over a long period of time. It can
also enter lhe body if you eat and drink food, water,
or even milk that is contaminated with heptachlor.
Once in your body, heptachlor changes to
heptachlor epoxi~e (a form of heptachlor that mixes
wilh oxygen).
Nursing mother,; who are exposed to heptachlor
epoxide may pass the substance on to their babies
while breast feeding.
Heptachlor epoxide can enter the body through skin
contact. Because heptachlor is no longe,
commercially available, exposure through skin
contact is very limited.
How can you be exposed to heptachlor
epoxlde?
Heptachlor tends to stay in soil for long periods of
time. One study found heptachlor epoxide in crops
that were grown in heptachlor-treated soil 15 yearn
earlier. You can be exposed to heptachlor epoxide
by eating these crops.
Because heptachlor is not widely available and its
use is restricted, lhe greatest exposure is through
the workplace. You can be exposed to heptachlor
epoxide if you work in a job where heptachlor is
made or at a hazardous waste site or landfill where
it is disposed.
You can be exposed to hcptachlor epoxide if
heptachlor was used in your borne to control
termites. It is possible that traces of heptachlor
could linger if applied to soil underneath your home.
Whal are the health affects of exposure to
heptachlor epoxide affect your health?
The health effects from exposure to heptachlor
epoxide will vary depending on how much you are
exposed to and the length of time.
There is very little infonnation available about the
short-term exposure to high doses of heptachlor
epoxide to humans. But animal studies show that
heptachlor epoxide is very toxic to humans and
animals. Animals that were fed high levels of
heptachlor during a short period of time
•
experienced tremors and convulsions.
Not much info11nation is available about the health
effects on humans from long-tenn exposure to
heptachlor epoxide, But animal studies suggest that
long-term exposure can affect the liver. The
animals studied hove shown enlarged livers,
damage to liver and kidney tissue, and increased
red blood cells. Animals also experienced tremors
and convulsions. Animals that were fed heptachlor
developed liver cancer.
Studies show that female rats exposed to
heptachlor were less likely to become pregnant.
Those that did become pregnant had smaller litters
or the offspring showed developmental problems.
When baby rats were fed heptachlor, they
developed cataracts just after their eyes opened.
Other studies show that heptachlor fed to animals
caused cancer. The Environmental Protection
Agency believes heptachlor is n probable cancer
causing agent because of the results of a number of
studies. HowCver. another agency, the
International Agency for Research on Cancer does
not classify heptachlor as cancer causing to humans
because there is not enough data,
What levels of exposure can result In
harmful health effects?
No data was found that could connect the level of
exposure to heptachlor epoxide to a specific
exposure route that caused ha11nful effects. There
was no data available on the ha11nful effects from
breathing heptachlor-contaminated air. The only
information that was found was related to the
health effects related to skin contact. Rats exposed
to 195 to 250 milligrams per kilogram of body
weight (mg/kg) of heptachlor died.
Where can you get more Information?
Contact your state health or environmental
department or:
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
•
Division of Toxicology
I 600 Clifton Road, N.E., E-29
Atlanta, Georgia 30333
References
I.
2.
3.
4,
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
(ATSDR). Public Heallh Statement for
Heplachlor and Heptachlor Epoxide. Atlanta,
GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human
Services, 1989.
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
(ATSDR). ToxJcologlco/ Profile for Heplach/or
and Heplachlor Epoxide. Atlanta, GA: U.S.
Departrnenl of Health and Hwnan Services, 1993.
Mississippi Stale University Extension Service,
Farm Chemical Safety Series, Recognizing Pesticide
Poisoning. hlln·//msucnres com/nub!itnub 123],htm
Reigart, Routt J. and Roberts, James R. Medical
University of South Carolina. Recognition and
Managemenl of Pesticide Poisonings. Fifth ed.
Washington, D.C.: U.S: Envirorunental Protection
Agency, Office of Pesticide Programs, 1999.
•
Monsanto
Material Safety Data
•
POLYCHLORINATEO BIPHENYLS (PCBs)
1. CHEMICAL PRODUCT ANO COMPANY IDENTIFICATION
Emergency Phone No.
(Call Collect}
636-67 4-1 000
PRODUCT NAME: POL YCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS (PCBs)
Aroclor®Series 1016, 1221, 1232, 1242, 1248, 1254, 1260, 1262, 1268
Therminol® FR Series
MSDS Number: M00018515
Chemical Family:
Chemical Name:
Synonyms:
Date: 7/99
Chlorinaled Hydrocarbons
Polychlorlnaled biphenyls
PCSs, Chlorodiphenyls, Chlorinated biphenyls
Trade Names/Common Names: ·
PYRANOL® and INERTEEN® are trade names for commonly used dielectric fluids lhat may have contained varying
amounts ol PCBs as well as other componenls including Chlorinated benzenes.
ASKAREL is the generic name for a broad class of fire resistant synthetic chlorinated hydrocarbons and mixtures used as
dielectric lluios !hat commonly contained aoout 30. 70% PCBs. Some AS KAREL fluids contained 99% or greater PCBs and
some conlained no PCBs.
PYDRAUL® was the trade name !or hydraulic lluids that, prior to 1972, may have contained varying amounls of PCBs and
olher components including phosphate esters.
The product names/trade names are representative o1 several commonly used Monsanto products (or products formulated
with Monsanlo products). Other trademarked PCB products were marketed by Monsanto and other manufacturers. PCBs
were also manufactured and sold by several European and Japanese companies. Contact the manufacturer of the
trademarked product, it not in this listing, to determine if the formulation contained PCBs.
In 1972, Monsanlo restricted sales ol PCBs lo applications involving only closed electrical systems, (transtonners and
capacitors). In 1977, all manufacturing and sales were voluntarily terminated. In 1979, EPA restricted the manufacture,
processing, use, and distriOution ot PCBs to specifically exampled and authorized activi~es.
FDR CHEMICAL EMERGENCY, SPILL, LEAK, FIRE, EXPOSURE, OR ACCIDENT
Call CHEMTREC • Day or Night • 1-800-424-9300 Toll free in the conlinental U.S., Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Canada, Alaska, o,
Virgin Islands. For calls originating elsewhere.· 202-483,7616 (collect caUs accepted)
For additional nonemergency information, call.• 636-674-8558.
• •
Pu e2ofB
2. COMPOSITION/INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS
Chemically, commercial PCBs are defined as a series ol technical mixtures, consisting of many isomers and
compounds that vary from mobile, oily liquids to white crystalline solids and hard noncrystalline resins, Technical
products vary in composition, in the degree of chlorination, and possibly according to batch,
The mixtures generally used contain an average of 3 atoms of chlorine per molecule (42% chlorine) to 5 atoms of
chlorine per module (54% chlorine). They were used as components of dielectric fluids in transformers and capacitors.
Prior to 1972, PCB applications included heat transfer media, hydraulic, and other industrial lluids, plasticizers,
carbonless copy paper, paints, inks, and adhesives.
Component
chlorinated biphenyl
Aroclor 1016
Aroclor 1221
Aroclor 1232
Aroclor 1242
Aroclor 1248
Aroclor 1254
Aroclor 1260
Aroclor 1262
Aroclor 1268
CAS No.
1336·36-3
12674-11-2
11104-28-2
11141-16-5
53469-21·9
12672-29·6
11097-69·1
11096-82-5
37324-23-5
11100-14-4
There are also CAS Numbers for individual PCB congeners and for mixtures of Aroclor® products.
PCBs are identified as hazardous chemicals under criteria of the OSHA Hazard Communication Standard (29 CFR
Part 1910.1200). PCBs have been listed in the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Monographs
(1987)-Group 2A and in the National Toxicology Program (NTP) Annual Report on Carcinogens (Eighth).
3. HAZARDS IOENTIFICA TION
EMERGENCY OVERVIEW
Appearance and Odor: PCB mixtures range in lorm and color from clear to amber liquids to while crystalline solids.
WARNING!
They have a mild, distinctive odor and are not volatile at room temperature. Refer to Section 9
for details.
CAUSES EYE IRRITATION
MAY CAUSE SKIN IRRITATION
PROCESSING AT ELEVATED TEMPERATURES MAY RELEASE VAPORS OR FUMES WHICH MAY CAUSE
RESPIRATORY TRACT IRRITATION
POTENTIAL HEAL TH EFFECTS
Likely Routes
ol Exposure:
Eye Contact:
Skin Contact:
Inhalation:
Ingestion:
MSDS#:M00018515
Skin contact and inhalation of heated vapors
Causes moderate irritation based on worker experience.
Prolonged or repeated contact may result in redness, dry skin and delatling based on human
experience. A potential exists for developing chloracne. PCBs can be absorbed through intact skin.
Due to the low volatility of PCBs, exposure to this material in ambient conditions is not expected to
produce adverse health ellects. However, at elevated processing temperatures, PCBs may produce
a vapor that may cause respiratory tract irritation if inhaled based on human experience.
No more than slightly toxic based on acute animal toxicity studies. Coughing, choking and shortness
of breath may occur if liquid material is accidentally drawn into the lungs during swallowing or vomiting.
Other:
• •
Pago 3 or a
Numerous epidemiological studies al humans, both occupationally exposed and nonworker
environmentally exposed populations, have not demonstrated any causal relationship between PCB
exposure and chronic human illnesses such as cancer or neurological or cardiovascular effects. PCBs
at high dosage can cause skin symptoms; however, these subside upon removal of the exposure
source.
Reier to Section 11 lor toxicological inlormation.
4. FIRST AID MEASURES
IF IN EYES, immediately llush with plenty al water for at least 15 minutes. If easy to do, remove any contact lenses.
Get medical attention. Remove material from skin and clothing.
IF ON SKIN, immediately flush the area with plenty of water. Wash skin gently with soap as soon as it is available
Get medical attention ii irritation persists.
IF INHALED, remove person to lresh air. If breathing is dillicult, get medical attention.
IF SWALLOWED, do NOT induce vomiting. Rinse mouth with water. Get medical attention. Contact a Poison Control
Center. NEVER GIVE ANYTHING BY MOUTH TO AN UNCONSCIOUS PERSON
NOTE TO PHYSICIANS: Hot PCBs may cause thermal burn. If eleclrical equipment arcs between conductors, PCBs
or other chlorinated hydrocarbon dielectric fluids may decompose to p'roduce hydrochloric acid (HCI), a respiratory
irritant. II large amounts are swallowed, gastric lavage may be considered.
5. FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES
Flash Point: 284 degrees F ( 140 degrees C) or higher depending on the chlorination level al the Aroclor product
Fire Point. 349 degrees F (176 degrees C) or higher depending on the chlorination level of the Aroclor product
NOTE: Refer to Section 9 for individual flash points and lire points.
Extinguishing
Media: Extinguish lire using agent suitable lor surrounding lire. Use dry chemical, foam, carbon dioxide or
water spray. Water may be inellective. Use water spray to keep fire-exposed containers or
transformers cool.
PCBs are fire-resistant compounds. They may decompose to lorm CO, CO2, HCI, phenolics, aldehydes, and other
toxic combustion products under severe conditions such as exposure to flame or hot surfaces.
Dielectric lluids having PCBs and chlorinated benzenes as components have been reported to produce polychlorinated
dibenzo,p-dioxins (PCDDs) and lurans (PCDFs) during lire situations involving electrical equipment. At temperatures in
the range of 600-650 degrees C in the presence ol excess oxygen, PCBs may form polychlorinated dibenzofurans
(PCDFs). Laboratory studies under similar conditions have demonstrated that PCBs do not produce pofychlorinated
dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs).
Federal regulations require all PCB transformers to be registered the U.S. Environmental Protection A·gency.
If a PCB lranslormer is involved in a lire-related incident, the owner of the transformer may be required to report the
incident. Consult and follow appropriate federal, stale and local regulations.
Fire Fighting Equipment: Fire lighters and others exposed to products of combustion should wear self-contained
breathing apparatus. Equipment should be thoroughly decontaminated alter use.
MS0S r: M00018515
• •
P•e4of8
6. ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES
Cleanup and disposal of liquid PCBs and other PCB items are strictly regulated by the federal government. The regulations
are found at 40 CFR Part 761. Consult these regulations as well as applicable state and local regulations prior to any
cleanup or disposal of PCBs, PCB items, or PCB contaminated items.
If PCBs leak or are spilled, the following steps should be taken immediately:
All nonessential personnel should leave the leak or spill area.
The area should be adequately ventilated to prevent the accumulation of vapors.
The spill/leak should be contained. Loss to sewer systems, navigable waterways, and streams should be prevented.
Spills/leaks should be removed promptly by means of absorptive material, such as sawdust, vermiculite, dry sand,
clay, dirt or other similar materials, or trapped and removed by pumping or other suitable means (traps, drip-pans,
trays, etc.).
Personnel entering the spill or leak area should be furnished with appropriate personal protective equipment and
clothing as needed. Reier to Section 8 for personal protection equipment and clothing.
Personnel trained in emergency procedures and protected against attendant hazards should shut ott sources of
PCBs, clean up spills, control and repair leaks, and fight fires in PCB areas.
Refer to Section 13 for disposal information and Sections 14 and 15 for information regarding reportable quantity, and
Section 7 for marking information.
7. HANDLING AND STORAGE
Care should be taken to prevent entry into the environment through spills, leakage, use vaporization, or disposal of liquid or
containers. Avoid prolonged breathing of vapors or mists. Avoid contact with eyes or prolonged contact with skin. If skin
contact occurs, remove by washing with soap and water. Following eye contact, flush with water. In case of spillage onto
clothing, the clothing should be removed as soon as practical, skin washed, and clothing laundered. Comply with all federal,
state, and local regulations.
Federal regulations under the Toxic Substances Control Act require PCBs, PCB items, storage areas, transformer vaults,
and transport vehicles to be marked (check regulations, 40 CFR 761, for details).
CAUTION
""'""' PCBs
rst1dllslwoal_....,,... ··--........ ,_,,_,.., --~-.. ,.,.... .. __ ~
_,. 1,1 s , __ ., .... ,._ ··-
~-t()(II\ Jt, , .. o~ ... ,_.1 .. _,_
t-•-~-•llll•AC:..C-"' "'·---·----· ·---~ .. "'· 1,1.) (-1 (i-•DI-~ ... ( ... , ..
IOO•O-•tOG1
r-------------, I CAUTION -I
I COM'IAll'I~ I PCB• I IIPol,-c_,...,~........ I
I 1011 PRDr[A DIS1DSAl INfORMAJIDH I
COMTACT U.S. [HVIRONMfNlAl I PROTECTION AGENCY ~ t ___________ .,.
Storage: The storage of PCB items or equipment (those containing 50 ppm or greater PCBS) and PCB waste is
strictly regulated by 40 CFR Part 761. The storage time is limited, the storage area must meet physical
requirements. and the area must be labeled.
Avoid contact with eyes.
Wash thoroughly after handllng.
Avoid breathing processing fumes or vapors.
Process using adequate ventilalion.
MSDS t: 1.100018515
• •
Pago 5 or a
8. EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION
Eye
Protection:
Skin
Protection:
Respiratory
Protection:
Ventilation:
Wear chemical splash goggles and have eye baths available where there is significant potential for
eye contact.
Wear appropriate protective clothing and chemical resistant gloves to prevent skin contact. Consult
glove manufacturer to determine the appropriate type glove for a given application. Wear chemical
goggles, lace shield, and chemical resistant clothing such as a rubber apron when splashing is likely.
Wash immediately ii skin is contacted. Remove contaminated clothing promptly and launder before
reuse. Clean protective equipment before reuse. Provide a safety shower at any location where skin
contact can occur. Wash thoroughly after handling.
ATTENTION! Repeated or prolonged skin contact may cause chloracne in some people.
Avoid breathing vapor, mist, or dust. Use NIOSH/MSHA approved equipment when airborne
exposure limits are exceeded. Full facepiece equipment is recommended when airborne exposure
limits are exceeded and, if used, replaces the need for face shield and/or chemical splash goggles.
Consult respirator manufacturer to determine the type of equipment for a given application. The
respirator use limitations specified by NIOSH/MSHA or the manufacturer must be observed. High
airborne concentrations may require use of sell-contained breathing apparatus or supplied air
respirator. Respiratory protection programs must be in compliance with 29 CFR.Part 1910.134.
ATTENTION! Repeated or prolonged inhalation may cause chloracne in some people.
Provide natural or mechanical ventilation to control exposure levels below airborne exposure limits (see
below). If practical, use local mechanical exhaust ventilation at sources of vapor or mist, such as open
process equipment.
Airborne Exposure Limits:
Product:
Product:
Chlorodiphenyl (42% chlorine)
OSHA PEL: 1 mgim3 8-hour time-weighted average -Skin"
ACGIH TLV: 1 mgim' 8-hour time-weighted average • Skin"
Chlorodiphenyl (54% chlorine)
OSHA PEL: 0.5 mg/m3 8-hour time-weighted average -Skin"
ACGIH TLV: 0.5 mg/m3 8-hour time-weighted average -Skin"
"For Skin notation see Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents and Biological Exposure
Indices American Conference of Government Industrial Hygienists, 1995-1996.
MSOS #: M00018515
• •
9. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
PROPERTIES OF SELECTED AROCLORS®
PROPERTY 1016 1221 1232 1242 1248 1254 1260
Color (APHA) 40 100 100 100 100 100 150
Physical state mobile oil mobile oil mobile oil mobile oil mobile oil viscous slicky
liQuid resin
Stabllttv inert iner1 inert inert inert Inert inert
Density 11.40 9.85 10.55 11.50 12.04 12.82 13.50
llblaal 25 'Ci
Spacilic gravity 1.36•1.37 1.18·1.19 1.27-1.28 1.30-1.39 1.40-1.41 1.49•1.50 1.55-
x/15.S"C x-25" x-25" x-25' x-25' x~65" x-65' 1.56
x-90"
Distillation 323-356 275-320 290-325 325-366 340-375 365-390 385-420
ranoe ('Cl
Acidity .010 .014 .014 .015 .010 .010 .014
mgKOHlg,
maximum
Fire point none to 176 238 none to nonato none 10 none to
('C) boiling boiling boiling bailing boiUng
point point point point point
Flash point 170 141-150 152-154 · 176-180 193-196 none none
l"Cl
Vapor NA NA 0.005 0.001 0.00037 0.00006 NA
pressure
(mm Hg@
1 OO"Fl
Viscoslly 71-81 38-41 44-51 82-92 185-240 1800--(Saybolt Univ, 13-16 3.6-4.6 5.5-7.7 16-19 42-52 2500 -Sec. @ 1oo•F) 390-540
rcentistoi<esl
NA-Nol Avadable
NOTE: These physical data are typical values based on material tested but may vary from sample lo sample. Typical
values should not be construed as a guaranteed analysis of any specific lot or as specifications for the producl.
10. STABILITY ANO REACTIVITY
Stability: PCBs are very stable, fire-resistant compounds.
Materials to Avoid: None
Hazardous Decomposition
Products: PCBs may decompose to lorm CO. CO, HCI, phenolics, aldehydes, and other toxic combustion
products under severe conditions such as exposure to flame or hot surtace.
Hazardous Polymerization: Does not occur.
11. TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION
Data from laboratory'studies conducted by Monsanto and from the available scientific literature are summarized below.
Single exposure (acute) studies indicate:
Oral· Slightly Toxic (Rat LOSO• 8.65 g/kg for 42% chlorinated; 11.9 g/Kg for 54% chlorinated)
MSOS,: M00018515
• •
Page 7 ol B
The liquid products and their vapors aro moderately irritating to eye tissues. Animal experiments of varying duration and at
diHerent air concentrations show that for similar exposure conditions, the 54% chlorinated material produces more liver injury
than the 42% chlorinated material.
There are literature reports that PCBs can impair reproductive functions in laboratory monkeys. Literature reports of earlier
chronic feeding studies of laboratory rodents provided sufficient evidence that Aroclor 1260 could cause liver cancer when
fed at high doses. Similar experiments with less chlorinated PCB products produced negative or equivocal results. A recent
literature report of a chronic feeding study of Aroclor 1260, Aroclor 1254, Aroclor 1242, and Aroclor 1016 provided evidence
that all four mixtures caused cancer in rodent livers.
The consistent finding in ani:nal studies is that PCBs produce liver injury following prolonged and repeated exposure by any
route, if the exposure is of suHicient degree and duration. Liver injury is produced first, and by exposures that are less than
those reported to cause cancer in rodents. Therefore, exposure by all routes should be kept sufficiently low to prevent liver
injury.
Numerous epidemiological studies of humans, both occupationally exposed and nonworker environmentally exposed
populations, have not demonstrated any causal relationship between PCB exposure and chronic human illnesses such as
cancer or neurological or cardiovascular eHects. PCBs at high dosage can cause skin symptoms; however, these subside
upon removal of the exposure source.
PCBs have been listed in the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC).Monographs (1987)-Group 2A and in the
National Toxicology Program (NTP) Eighth Annual Report on Carcinogens.
12. ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION
Care should be taken to prevent entry of PCBs into the environment through spills, leakage, use, vaporization or disposal of
liquid or solids. PCBs can accumulate in the environment and can adversely attect some animals and aquatic life. In
general, PCBs have low solubility in water, are strongly bound to soils and sediments, and are slowly degraded by natural
processes in the environment.
13. DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS.
The disposal of PCB items or equipment {those containing 50 ppm or greater PCBs) and PCB wastes is strictly regulated by
40 CFR Pan 761. For example, all wastes and residues containing PCBs {wiping cloths, absorbent material, used
disposable protective gloves and clothing, etc.) should be collected, placed in proper containers, marked and disposed of in
the manner prescribed by EPA regulations (40 CFR Pan 761) and applicable state and local regulations.
14. TRANSPORT INFORMATION
The data provided in this section are for information only. Please apply the appropriate regulations to properly classify a
shipment for transportation.
DOT Classification:
DOT Label:
DOT Label:
DOT Reportable Quantity:
IMO Classification:
IATNICAO
Classification:
MSDS •: MD0018515
IF WEIGHT OF PCBs TO BE SHIPPED IS OVER ONE POUND, THE FOLLOWING
CLASSIFICATION AND LABEL APPLY.
LIQUID: Environmentally Hazardous Substance, liquid, n.o.s. {Contains PCB).
9, UN 3082, Ill
SOLID: Environmentally Hazardous Substance, solid, n.o.s. (Contains PCB),
9, UN 3077, Ill
Class 9
One pound
Polychlorinated Biphenyls, IMO Class 9, UN 2315, II
IMO Page 9034, EMS 6.1-02
Polychlorinated Biphenyls, 9, UN2315,II
• •
Page 8 of 8
15. REGULATORY INFORMATION
For regulatory purposes, under the Toxic Substances Control Act, the term "PCBs" refers lo a chemical substance limited to
the biphenyl molecule that has been chlorinated lo varying degrees or any combination of substances which contain such a
substance (40 CFR Pari 761 ).
TSCA Inventory: not listed.
Hazard Categories Under Criteria of SARA Title Ill Rules (40 CFR Par1 370): Immediate, Delayed.
SARA Section 313 Toxic Chemical(s): Listed-1993 (De Mini mis concentration 0.1 %.)
Repor1able Quantity (RQ) under DOT (49 CFR), CERCLA Regulations and TSCA (40 CFR Par1 761): 1 lb. (polychlorinated
biphenyls) PCBs.
Release of more than 1 (one) pound of PCBs lo the environment requires notification to the National Response Center
(B00-424-8802 or 202-426-2675).
Various stale and local regulations may require immediate repor1ing of PCB spills and may also define spill cleanup levels,
Consult your anorney or appropriate regulatory officials for information relating to spill repor1ing and spill cleanup,
_ 16, OTHER INFORMATION
Reason for revision: Company name change. SpinoM of company businesses. Supersedes MSDS dated 12/95.
Therminol® is a registered trademark of Solutia Inc.
Aroclor® and Pydraul® were registered trademarks of Monsanto Company
Pyranol®is a registered trademark of General Electric Company
lnerteen® is a registered trademark of Westinghouse Electric Corporation
FOR ADDITIONAL NONEMERGENCY INFORMATION, CONTACT:
Robert G. Kaley, II
Director, Environmental Attairs
Solutia Inc.
575 Maryville Centre Drive
P. 0. Box 66760
St. Louis, MO 63166-6760
(636)67 4-8558
Formerly the chemical businesses
of Monsanto Company
Although the information and recommendations sol forth herein (hereinaher "Information") are presenled in good faith and believed to be correct as of lhe
date hereof, Solutia Inc. makes no representalions as lo the compleleness or accuracy thereof. lntormalion is supplied upon the condition lhal lhe pe1"10ns
rocelving same will make their own determinalion as lo ils suilabiliry to, their purposes prior to use. In no even! will Solulia Inc. be responsible lor damages
ol any nature whatsoever resulting lrom the use of or reliance upon lnlormaUon. NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES. EITHER EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR OF ANY OTHER NATURE ARE MADE HEREUNDER WITH RESPECT
TO INFORMATION OR THE PRODUCT TO WHICH INFORMATION REFERS.
Chemical Sampling Inform-n: 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin. Page I of 3
U.S. Department of Labor
Occupational Safety & Health Administration
h I It=;;:;., www. OS a.gov ~; MyOSHA ·-· Search --·--·-· I @Q. Advanced Search I'
Ill Chemical Sampling Information: j 2,3, 7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin
General Description
Synonyms: Dioxin; Dloxlne; TCDBD; TCDD; 2,3,7,8-TCDD
OSHA IMIS Code Number: 2326
Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) Registry Number: 1746-01-6
NIOSH, Registry of Toxic Effects (RTECS) Identification Number: HP35000.00 ..
NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards, 2,3.7 .B-.Ie_trachloro-dibenzo•p~
!lloxjn: chemical description, physical properties, potentially hazardous
Incompatibilities, and more
Exposure Limits
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
Recommended Exposure Limit (REL): 8trnendix A -NIOSH Potential Occupational
Carcinogens
Health Factors
National Toxicology Program (NTP) carcinogenic classification: ~P...l..
Known to be Human carcinogen
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) carcinogenic
classification: Group 1, Carcinogenic to humans
Potential symptoms: ) : Eye Irritation; allergic dermatitis, chloracne; porphyrla;
headache; weakness; gastrointestinal disturbance; possible reproductive, teratogenic
effects. In animals: liver, kidney damage; hemorrhage; endometriosls; developmental
neurotoxiclty; lmmunosuppression; endocrine disturbances, reproductive problems;
[potential occupational carcinogen].
Health Effects: Known human carcinogen (HE2); Chronic toxlclty---Chloracne,
hyperllpldemla (HE3); Irritation-Eyes, nose, throat, skin---Moderate (HE15)
Affected organs: Eyes, skin, liver, kidneys, reproductive system
Notes: 1) The body burden LOAEL for chloracne has been estimated to be 160 ng/kg.
A 2001 follow-up study of 12 workers who acquired TCDD-lnduced chloracne In the
late 1960s Indicated that two still had It. 2) Up to 30 years or more following
occupational exposure, high Incidences of hyperllpldemla (cholesterol, triglycerides),
lschaemlc heart disease (atherosclerosis, thicker carotid wall and plaques,
hypertension), and neuropsychologlcal complaints (e.g., memory) have been
reported. 3) TCDD binds to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and, due to a very
slow elimination in humans (half-life > 7 years), this can lead to chronic activation of
http://www.osha.gov/dts/chemicalsampling/data/CH...,270375.html
• Safety
Topics
Chen
SamI
Infot
2,3,7
Tetrc
dibet
Ge
De
ExJ
He
Mo
9/28/2005
Chemical Sampling Inform.n: 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxi.
AhR-driven gene expression, including induction of several drug-metabolizing
enzymes (e.g., CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP1B1, glutathione 5-transferase, UDP-
glucuronosyltransferase), which may bind TCDD (e.g., CYP 1A2) but do not
metabolize it.
Date Last Revised: 08/13/2004
Literature Basis:
■ NIOSH Pocket Gulde to Chemical Hazards: 2.3.7.8-Tetrachlorodlbenzo-p-Piqxin.
■ International Chemical Safety Cards (WHO/IPCS/JLO): 2.3.7.8-
Tetrach/orodlbenzo-p-dioxin.
■ Cole, P., Trichopoulos, D., Pastldes, H., Starr, T. and Mandel, J.S.: Dioxin and
cancer: a critical review. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 38(3): 378-388, 2003.
■ Greene, J.F., Hays, 5. and Paustenbach, D.: Basis for a proposed reference
dose (RfD) for dioxin of 1-10 pg/kg-day: a weight of evidence evaluation of the
human and animal studies. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health B Crit. Rev. 6(2): 115-
159, 2003.
■ Inouye, K., Shlnkyo, R., Tak/ta, T., Ohta, M. and Sakaki, T.: Metabolism of
polychlorlnated dlbenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) by human cytochrome P450-
dependent monooxygenase systems. J. Agric. Food Chem. 50(19): 5496-5502,
2002.
■ Kakeyama, M. and Tohyama, C.: Developmental neurotoxlclty of dioxin and Its
related compounds. Ind. Health 41(3): 215-230, 2003.
■ Miller, K.P., Borgeest, C., Greenfeld, C., Tomlc, D. and Flaws, J.A.: In utero
effects of chemicals on reproductive tissues in females. Tox/col. Appl.
Pharmacol. 198(2): 111-131, 2004.
■ Pelclova, D., et al.: Lipid metabolism and neuropsychological follow-up study of
workers exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. Int. Arch. Occup.
Environ. Health 75(Suppl.}: 560-566, 2002.
■ Pohanish, R.P. (editor): Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. In, Sitt/g's Handbook of
Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 2. Norwich,
NY: Noyes Publications, WIiiiam Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp. 2158-2160.
■ Takemoto, K., Nakajima, M., Fujlkl, Y., Katoh, Miki, Gonzalez, F.J. and Yokel,
T.: Role of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and Cyp lbl In the antlestrogenlc
activity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodlbenzo-p-dioxln. Arch. Toxlcol. 78(6): 309-315,
2004.
■ Uno, 5., et al.: Cyplal(-/-) male mice: protection against high-dose TCDD-
lnduced lethality and wasting syndrome, and resistance to lntrahypatocyte lipid
accumulation and uroporphyrla. Toxlcol. Appl. Pharmacol. 196(3): 410-421,
2004.
Monitoring Methods used by OSHA
Laboratory Sampling/ Analytical Method:
■ note: Call SLTC for sampling procedure.
Bulk method: Limit the amount of bulk submitted to one gram or one mL.
~ All Trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
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NPGD0038 -NIOSH Pocke.ide to Chemical Hazards I CDGNIOS. Pagel of l
NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards
!Arsenic (inorganic compounds, as As} IICAS 7440-38-2 (metaO I
jAs (metal) !jRTECS ~QQ {melal) !
Synonyms & Trade Names DOT 10 & Gulde
Arsenic metal: Arsenia 1558 lfil: (metaij
Other synonyms vary depending upon the specific As compound. 1562~ (dust)
[Note: OSHA considers "Inorganic Arsenic" to mean copper
acetoarsenite & all inorganic compounds containing arsenic except
ARSINE.]
Exposure NIOSH REL: Ce C 0.002 mg/ms [15-minute] See Agllfill.Qix A
Limits losHA PEL: [1910.1018) TWA 0.010 mg/ms I
l1DLH Ce (5 mglm3 (as As)) Sea: 7440382 II Conversion I
Phyalcal Description
Metal: SUver-gray or tin-white, brittle, odorless solid.
jMW:74.9 !IBP: Sublimes jjMLT: 1135°F (Sublimes) 1iso1: Insoluble I I VP: O mm Hg (approx) IIIP:NA I lsp.Gr: 5.73 (melal) I
jFI.P:NA l!UEL: NA IILEL: NA I
!Metal: Noncombustible Solld In bulk form, but a slight explosion hazard In the form of dust when exposed to flame. I
lncompatlbllltles & Reactivities
Strong oxidizers, bromine azide [Note: Hydrogen gas can react with Inorganic arsenic to form the highly toxic gas arsine.}
Measurement Methods
NIOSH 7300. 7.Q@; OSHA JQJ.fil!
See: l:lMAM or OSHA M~lhQ.(!~
Personal Protection & Sanitation Arst Aid (See prooeduoo)
Skln: Prevent skin contact Eye: Irrigate immediately
Eyes: Prevent eya contact Skin: Soap wash Immediately
Wash skin: When contaminated/Daily Breathing: Resplratof)' support
Romove: When wet or contaminated Swallow: Medical attention Immediately
Change: Daily
Provide: Eyewash, OIJlck drench
lmrumant ~dditiQnlll IIJ!Q[lllllliQD llbQUI [!lSQir,ltQ! !!lll!!!l!IQO
Respirator Recommendations NIOSH
At concentrations above the NIOSH REL, or where there Is no REL, at any detectable concentration: (APF = 10,000)
Any self-contained breathing apparatus that has a full facepiece and is operated In a pressure-demand or othar positive-
pressure mode/(APF = 10,000) Any supplied-air respirator that has a full lacepiece and is operated In a pressure-demand
or other positive-pressure mode In combination with an auxlliaf)' self•contained positive-pressure brealhing apparatus
Eacape: (APF = 50) Any air-purifying, lull-faceplece respirator (gas mask) with a chin-style, front-or back-mounted acid
gas canister havln9 a high,efflciency particulate filter/Any appropriate escape-type, seU-contalned breathing apparatus
!Exposure Routes inhalation, skin absorplion, skin and/or eye contact ingestion I
Symptoms Ulceration of nasal septum, dermatitis, gastrolnteslinal disturbances, peripheral neuropathy, respiralof)'
Irritation, hyperpigmentation of skin, [potential occupational carcinogen)
Target Organs Liver, kidneys. skin, lungs, lymphatic system
Csncar Sita (lung & lymphatic cancer)
I See also: INIBQQUQTIQN. See ICSC CARD: Q!U~ See MEDICAL TESTS: .2211 I
NIQSH Home I NIOSH Search I Site lndax I IooiQ.La! I Contact Us
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IRON
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CHEMICAL PROFILESIChemical Profile
Chemical: IRON
CAS Number: 7439-89-6
Chemical Profile for IRON (CAS Number: 7439·
89·6)
• H_uman He_alth Hazards
• Hazard Rankings
• Cllemical Use Profile
• Rank C!iemlcals _Qy_Reported Enviro_nmental
Releases in the !.!o.lte.!I _stait:li;.
• Regulat11ry_ Cov~rn_gi
• Basic.T.esli11gJ.!l..ldentJfv Chemical Haz:a_rds.
• Information Net;!_~ed for Safety Assessment
• Hum.an.Health Hazards
[ top J
[ IOP l
Health Hazard
Recognized: --
Suspected: Cardiovascular orBIQQ<;l
:roxicant
Gastrolnt.e_@..il1 or Uver
TPXiC-1:!D.t
_Kidne)I Toxicant
Ne_1,1rotoxicant
Re.productive ToxJca.Dl
Respirator\/ Toxi~!!.D.t
Reference(s)
RTECS
ISJ.8A.MALA RTECS
;?:IMM
MERC~
BTIC.S.
EBl\Zlf:R
NEME
Less __ hazardous than most. che_rni~<"I~ l.n. 4. ranking sys_\ems,
http://www.scorecard.org/chemical-profiles/sumrnary .tel ?edf_substance_id=74 39-89-6 9/28/2005
IRON • • Page 2 of3
• Chemical UJ,e l'rofile
J.Jse.dJo_i'ltJ.eilsLl_lMu.str.ies.
C tqp l
• &ink tll!ilmki1.lli..!lYJieP.!U'.!:~dJ;ml.ir:onment;11I Releas.esJp the
United St;tt~
No data on environmental releases In Scorecard.
• Begulato[Y Cov..e.r..!!9.e
Oo chemical Ust(s) io_S.~egj.[q.
[ 121! l
• .6asic Testing to Identify Chemil:.illHa1w:d.s
IDfo.r:matlQf:1. 911 wtiether .bas I,:_ tE.!Sts. to id.em!!'¥. cbemJc_aLha~<!.n1.§l
have t>een qmcluctep on this chemical Is not available In us
l;e8'..s.J,.92lLh.i!Zq[Q_,!aia.§Y.all<lPIHtv..stud.Y.,
• Il)formatjon Needed for_Saf!!.ty_Ai;_se~sm.1m.t
[ top J
l.4cks at least some of the data required for i;afety .<Jss.e~mEmt.
See risk assessment data for this chemical from U.S. EPA or
Scorecard.
Add.ltlo.naL1nf.9.rmi;1UQ1:1j;1b9ut thl.s chemi<;al may_ .!Ii: ilY.il!A!?Je
elsewhere In Score~.
Other web sites specific to this chemical:
• EPA Office of Pestlcl@_PJ.QQ[i;!_fJ.lSJifi.L~ration Ellglblllty
Q,;cision Fact Sheej
• Na tip _n a Unsti!l.l1e. fi;;, .r:. Qc;~11p<1.t !on_a LS.ilJ.eJLI nd l:iea!th
Pocket Gulde to <;_bemiq!) H•g~rds
If none of these sources meet your needs, you can try searching
som~ott:ieuti..llmical @Jsibasg Wfil:Uiltilll-
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IRON •
• Notes
I l9P. l
• Page 3 of3
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Safety and Health Topics: ilgancse Compounds (as Mn) • Page I of 3
U.S. Department of Labor
Occupational Safety & Health Administration lllt-'II ' . ,
www.osha.gov MyOSHA ___ Search I . ··-······-··-.J ~ Advanced Search I J
. ': ... , • ''.·ir .
?-f :;";; ' :.-ii-~~-''-~
Safety and Health Topics:
Manganese Compounds (as Mn)
General Description
OSHA IMIS Code Number: M112
Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) Registry Number: 7439-96-5
NIOSH, Registry of Toxic Effects (RTECS) Identification Number: ~ll.5.QO.Q
NIOSH Pocket Gulde to Chemical Hazards, Mfil\gfil!~gu:g.mR!l.11..rui:umd.fume
{fil;...Mn}: chemical description, physical properties, potentially hazardous
incompatibilities, and more
Exposure Limits
OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for General Industry: 2.9 .. CFR 1910.1000
z-1 Table --5 mg/m3 Ceiling
OSHA Permlsslble Exposure Limit (PEL) for Construction Indu5try: 29 CFR
1926,55 Appendix A --5 mg/m3 Ceiling
OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for Maritime: 29 CFR 1915.1000 Table 2-
Shl□yards --5 mg/m3 Ceiling
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)
Threshold Limit Value (TLV): 0.2 mg/m3 TWA (TLV listed as Manganese and
Inorganic compounds, as Mn)
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended
Exposure Limit (REL): 1 mg/m3 TWA; 3 mg/m3 STEL
Health Factors
NIOSH Immediately Dangerous To Life or Health Concentration (IDLH): 500 mg
Mnlm.J
Potential symptoms: Irritation eyes, skin, respiratory system; eye, skin burns (from
prolonged direct contact with dust or concentrated liquid); conjunctivitis; blindness;
dermatitis; cough, chest tightness, dyspnea, rales; pulmonary edema; bronchitis,
pneumonltls; anorexia, weakness, sleepiness; parkinsonlsm (gait disturbances,
clumsiness, tremor, speech disturbances, mask-like facial expression, and personality
changes); kidney damage, liver damage; methemogloblnemla, anemia (from
manganese nitrate); INGES ACUTE (50% manganese nitrate solution): Burning
sensation, mouth, throat; abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea; convulsions;
collapse (can be fatal).
Health Effects: Irritation-Eyes, Nose, Throat, Skin---Moderate (HE15); Cumulative
• Safet'i.
Topics
Chen
Sam1
Infor
Mans
Com1
Mn)
Ge,
De:
Ex1
He,
Mo
http://www.osha.gov/dts/ch emicalsampling/data/CH_250190.html 9/28/2005
Safety and Health Topics: Mlanese Compounds (as Mn) •
CNS damage (HE7); Lung damage---Acute (HEll) and Cumulative (HElO).
Affected organs: Respiratory system, CNS, blood, kidneys.
Page 2 of 3
Notes: 1) Inhalational toxlcokinetlc studies with rats indicate achievement of higher
brain levels of manganese with Mn phosphate or Mn phosphate/sulfate mixture than
with metallic Mn dust. 2) One Mn-containing compound, mangafodipir trisodium, Is used
intravenously in radiology as a liver contrast agent. A study In dogs reported that some
Mn In this agent may be redistributed to the brain and adrenals under certain
circumstances. 3) Chronic exposure to a Mn-containing fungicide (maneb) was reported
to cause parklnsonlsm.
Date Last Revised: 06/22/2004
Literature Basis:
■ NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards: Manganese compounds and fume /as
Mn).
■ EPA Air Toxics Website: Manganese Compounds. U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency Technology Transfer Network.
■ Grant, D., Toft, K.G., Martinsen, I. and Atzpodlen, E.: Tissue distribution and
general safety of MnDPDP In male beagle dogs, with or without total common bile
duct obstruction. Acta Radio/. 3B(4 Pt. 2): 732-739, 1997.
■ Meco, G., Bonlfatl, v., Vanacore, N. and Fabrizio, E.: Parklnsonism after chronic
exposure to the fungicide maneb (manganese ethylene-bls-dithiocarbamate),
Scand. J. Work Environ. Health 20(4): 301-305, 1994.
■ Mineral Research and Development (Charlotte, NC): Material Safety Data Sheet:
Manganese (II) Nitrate Solution (Jan. 30, 2003) 8 pp.
■ Normandin, L., et al.: Manganese distribution in the brain and neurobehavloral
changes following Inhalation exposure of rats to three chemical forms of
manganese. Neurotoxicology 25(3): 433-441, 2004.
■ Pohanlsh, R.P. (editor): Manganese Nitrate. In, Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and
Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 2. Norwich, NY: Noyes
Publications, WIiiiam Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp. 1448-1450.
Monitoring Methods used by OSHA
Laboratory Sampling/ Analytical Method:
■ sampling media: Mixed Cellulose Ester Filter (MCEF) 0.8 microns
maximum volume: 960 Liters minimum volume: 480 Liters
maximum flow rate: 2.0 L/min (TWA)
maximum volume: 30 Liters maximum flow rate: 2.0 L/mln (STEL)
maximum volume: 10 Liters minimum time: 5 Minutes
maximum flow rate: 2.0 Ljmln (Celling)
current analytical method: Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy; AAS
method reference: OSHA Analytical Method (QSJ:JA 12J)
method classification: Fully Validated
alternative analytical method: Inductively Coupled Argon Plasma; ICP/DCP-
AES
method reference: OSHA Analytical Method (OSHA 125G)
method classlflcatlon: Fully Validated
note: Samples may be collected up to an 8 hour period, if the filter Is not
overloaded. When analysis of a compound is requested, an elemental analysis Is
performed and reported as the element.
* All Trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
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Safety and Health Topics: .ganese Compounds {as Mn) •
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NPGD0l74 -NIOSH Pocke.ide to Chemical Hazards I CDC/NIOS. Page I of I
NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards
IDDT
IICAS 50-29-3 I
l<C6H4C1)2CHCCl3 IIRTECS KJ3325000 I
Synonyms & Trade Names DOT ID & Gulde
p,p'-DDT; Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane; 1, 1, 1-Trichloro-2,2-bis(p-2761 .l§J.
chlorophenyl)ethane
Exposure I NIOSH REL: Ca TWA 0.5 mgim3 fule f\imendix A I
Limits losHA PEL: TWA 1 mg/1113 [skin] I
l1DLH Ca [600 mg/m3J See:~ II conversion I
Physical Description
Colorless crystals or ott-while powder with a slight, aromatic odor. [pesticide)
IMW:364.6 II BP: 230°F (Decomposes} IIMLT: 227'F llsol: Insoluble I
lvP: 0.0000002 mmHg lltP:? I lsp.Gr: o.99 I
IFI.P: 162-171°F lluEL:? IILEL:? I
lcombustlble Solid I
lncompatibilllles & Reactivities
Strong oxidizers, alkalis
Measurement Methods
NIOSH S274 (11-3)
See: NMAM or QSl:!A Metho<;!s .
Personal Protection & Sanitation First Aid (See p~wes}
Skin: Prevent skin contact Eye: Irrigate Immediately
Eyes: Prevent eye contact Skin: Soap wash prompUy
Wash skin: When contaminated/Daily Breathing: Respiratory support
Remove: When wet or contaminated Swallow: Medical attention Immediately
Chango: Daily
Provide: Eyewash, Quick drench
ltnRQO~mt §ddilion9I iafomuitiQn about resgirator selection
Respirator Recommendations NIOSH
At concentrations above the NIOSH REL, or where there Is no REL, at any detectable concentration: (APF = 10,000}
Any self-contained breathing apparatus that has a full facepiece and is operated In a pressure-demand or other positive-
pressure mode/(APF = 10,000} Any supplied-air respirator that has a full facepiece and Is operated in a pressure-demand
or other positive-pressure mode In combination with an auxiliary self-contained positive-pressure breathing apparatus
Escape: (APF = 50) Any air-purifying, full-facepiece respirator (gas mask) with a chin-style, front-or back-mounted organic
vapor canister having a high-efficiency particulate filter/Any appropriate escape-type, self-contained breathing apparatus
I Exposure Routes Inhalation, skin absorption, Ingestion. skin and/or eye contact I
Symptoms Irritation eyes, skin; paresthesia tongue, lips, lace; tremor; anxiety, dizziness, confusion, malaise (vague
feeling of discomfort}, headache, lassitude (weakness, exhaustion}; convulsions; paresis hands; vomiting; [potential
occupational carcinogen]
Target Organs Eyes, skin, central nervous system, kidneys, liver, peripheral nervous system
Cancer Site [in animals: liver, lung & lymphatic tumors)
I See also: !NIBQQ!.!QIIQN See ICSC CARD: QQ~ See MEDICAL TESTS: QQQQ I
NIOSH Home I NIOSH Search I Site Index I Topic List I Contact \1l!
http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0174.html 9/28/2005
•
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
S!Jpplementary Record of
Occu □ational lniuries and Illnesses
Th11 torm ,, r•q.,i,ed by Pvtll,C L•,. 1,11.~9'6 1n<l m~ll I.>. k1pl In IN> u1.11bl,,tvn1n1 lg, 5 )'9Vl-
f11l"•~ IO m1,nta1n cor1 re11JII 1n lhe lu1,11r,c,a o! c:l\ll~on& ~ no.enmen! ol pe,,1,IH,
•
U.S. Department of Labor ■ Fom1 A,oprovcd
0.M.B. No. 1218--0176
0E0·m""p0I00w,,,0,:..._ __________________________________________ -ISeo 0MB Disclosure
,. N•m• Statement on ro~~e.
2. Ma~ IC!d/'HI \No. lnCI UHi. or, 0110#11, SC.I.II,'"° DPCOOI)
Injured or Ill Emp1o ee
Soc,11 Socunl)' No,
MaleD
11 Oop1rtrn1n1 ([n\11 "-"'• ot o.1>9nm .... 1"' a, ... ,.,.. in -•cl>-0'>• ..,r_...CI ~on,. re;u!a!\t 1mp1uyo,d, -n v.oui,l'I n, m■~ h1,. De_, i.m_.,n1y
.. Ql'l,.ing., 1no1r>ar 1Mp1rvun111-~"'• g1 lojuH')'.)
The Accidonl or Exposuru lo Occup1tional lllneu
Fomale D
, 1ecTd1n1 o, 1,i1(uure oa:.,,...au, ...,p1oJ'9(1 P'l!m11M, II' .. _,_, or p1.,,1 01 u111~,1lvnent III which 11 oecu,,11<'1. Do no11nc1,01te<1 d~rtrn•l'I o, do"'t.ion ,..,ti',.,, v.. pla'11"' n1at11i,1vn..,1
• aoi;ld.,.,I OCCU!f9d Oslll•da afflplD)"9fl _, ... at •n ,a .... M,t,11 •d<1r1111, 111 .. U'\a\ add,,n. r II oocu.,...; cw, I pyb/•c h.g,'1,..,y g, ,1 ,ny Oll'llf pl1c. "'"'Ch C■nno1 Da ,oan~~ad 17)' .-...mw,
and 111"l pl .. H p,u,,,da pltc. r.t,,--., JocaanQ Ina pl1C-ol •nJ.-y u KQ.1'9111f u l)OlliD/1,
10, P1aa, ol 1C001nl 011,;:,o1u,. (ND. and olr.91, di)' o, l!Jwn, Si.ala. a,nd ~p tod<,)
Yos.D No_D
1). H1110 di(! ln• •=dint oo:"7 (Onc.t1!11 """r ll'la ,_,1.1 wt.'1'1 n&ulllld '" U-0. ""'"'Y CW Da:Ul)allot\•I !llnHt.. Ta,1 .... r..t l'>appa.....:J an!! h-11 n,pi,e,,1<1. Nan,e &11) otii•CII Of lubJUl'lCM
,n...,.,..i 1nd lall Nl .. h~ .. ,,. in-.ol.-d. G,,. lull O.La~I 0'l al! t.00<1, wtiCl'I lld o, co,ll'i!Ju\ad ID -at-cidlfl!. UH upar.La 1n..a1 lot a!l<Jilartal 1paa, )
Occupational Injury or Occupational lllnos•
1!1. /;a"'a v,, on,,cl o• •u!IUIRC,11 wh,ct, d,r,ca, lnJUfad U'>e &n,plO)"II. jFo, uaml>•. U'>e m,cn,,,.• Of l/'llng ha •tn.,:t. l\lllrUl .,, ...... ,;n ,in.,,;;. hlnl: N .... po, a, l)Olo,\ hi 11'1h1l1d 0, 1w1U1110ad.
11'1• Ch•mic.al 01 •ad,1~<.n whoc:h 1m1Lai.d hio ,k.,,; o, In c.11 .. Ql I tra,,__ ........... •Le . a-. a,ing ha-• lllbng. o,.,l~ng. tit..)
No
01hor
Date of l'l?port I Prepared. by I01r1cial pos.JtJon
OSHA No. 101 (Feb. 19B1)
(Soc Neid Poge/Rc'-'ll~e)
•
SUPPLEMENTARY RECORD OF OCCUPATIONAL
INJURIES AND ILLNESSES
•
To supplement the log and Summary of Occupational lnjuncs and lllneses {OSHA No. 200), each establishment
must maintain a record of each recordable occupational injury or Hlness. Wor1<er's compensation, insurance, or
other reports are acceptable as records if !hey contain all facts listed below or are supplemented to do so. If no
suitable report is made for ether purposes, this form (OSHA No. 101 l may be used or the necessary facts can be
listed on a separate plain sheet of paper. These records must also be avaUable in the establishmenl without delay
and at reasonable tlmes roi exnminatian by representatives of the Department of labor and the Department of
Health and Human Services, and States accorded jurisdiction under the Act. The records must be maintained
for a period of not less than five years following the end of the calendar year lo which they relate.
Such records must conlain at least the following facts:
1) About the employer -name, mail address. and location if different from mail address,
2} About the injured or ill ernp1oyee -name, social security number, home address, age, sex. occupation, and
department.
3) About !he accident or exposure to occupational illness -place of accident or exposure, whether ii was on
employer's premises, what the employee was doing when injured, and how the accident occurred.
4] About tho occupational injury or illness• description of the injury or illness, including part of the body aflecled,
name of the object or substance which direc~y injured the employee; and date of injury or diagnosis of illness.
5) Other -name and address of physician; if hospitalized, name and address of hospital. dale of report; and name
and position of person preparing !he report.
SEE DEFINITIONS ON THE BACK OF OSHA FORM 200.
0MB DISCLOSURE STATMENT
Public reporting burden for this collection or information is estimated to average
20 minutes per response, including lhe time for reviewing inslrvctions, searching
existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing
and reviewing the collection of information, Persons arn not required to respond
to the collection of information unless it displays a currently valid 0MB control
number. If you have any comments regarding thls estimate or any other aspecl of
this information collec!ion, including suggestions for reducing !his burden, please
send them to the OSHA Office of Statistics, Room N3644, 200 Consti!ution Avenue.
NW, Washington, DC 20210
DO NOT SEND THE COMPLETED FORM TO THE OFFICE SHOWN ABOVE
OSHA No, 101 (Feb 1901)
• •
HEALTH AND SAFETY PLAN SIGNATURE FORM
Each field team member sh alls ign this section after site-specific training is completed and before
being permitted to work on site.
I have read, understand and agree to comply with the provisions of the above-referenced
Supplemental Sampling Health and Safety Plan for work activities at this Site.
Date: ________________________________ _
Trainer's Printed Name: _________________________ _
Trainer's Signature: ___________________________ _
Trainer's Title: _____________________________ _
Name Printed Silmature Date
Golder Associates
• •
"TAILGATE" SAFETY MEETING FORM
The following personnel were present at the "tailgate" (daily pre-job) safety briefing
conducted at (time): ________________________ _
on (date): __________________________ _
at (location): __________________________ _
by (printed name): _______________________ _
(signature): _________________________ _
(title): ________________________ _
and have read the above plan, are familiar with its provisions and the following discussed topics:
Name Printed Shmature Date
Golder Associates
&i;h •
NCDENR
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Dexier R. Matthews. Director Division of Waste Management Michael F. Easley, Governor
William G. Ross Jr, Secretary
TO:
FROM:
September 26, 2005
Nile Testerman
David Lilley ])8 L
RE: Comments on the September 12, 2005 Draft General
Sampling Recommendations from the PCB Task Force
I. Section 3, "removal action level of I ppm PCBs": Remedial Goal Options
have not yet been established for this site.
2. Section 3.3, third sentence: Suggest changing the wording "remedial actions"
to "remedial options".
3. Section 3: It is unclear to the reader how the sediment data taken at 3 feet will
be used. The biologically active zone is usually within the first few inches,
and humans rarely access sediment deeper than that. Scouring could take
place in higher energy areas, exposing deeper sediments. In depositional
areas, the additional sediment would form what would likely be an effective
cap.
4. Section 3.6: The PCB Congener TEQ for humans and mammals at SD 39 was
1100 J ng/kg, which exceeds the US EPA Region 9 PRG of3.9 ng/kg. This
PRG is calculated assuming daily residential contact with dioxins in soil, not
occasional contact with PCBs in sediment. However, this PRG was used as a
conservative surrogate screening value in the human health risk assessment.
The incremental cancer risk to the recreational user (Exposure Frequency= 96
days/year, Exposure Duration = IO years, Ingestion Rate= I 00 mg/day, Body
Weight= 43 .4 kg) exposed to sediments contaminated at levels found at SD
39 is about 2.2 x 10-5•
DL/dl/HumanHealthRA2/72
1646 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1646
Phone [phone] I FAX [phone] \ Internet http://wastenotnc.org
An Eqt1ai Opportunity/ Arrirmative Acfo11 Empi?yer -Printed on Dual PLJrpose Recycled Paper