HomeMy WebLinkAboutWS-96245_96855_CA_IAR_20221111
P.O. Box 16265 • Greensboro, NC 27416
503 Industrial Ave • Greensboro, NC 27406
Phone (336)335-3174 • Fax (336)691-0648 • Toll Free (866)545-9507
Email: Info@pyramidenvironmental.com
www.pyramidenvironmental.com
November 11, 2022
Ms. Pamela Fulp
Fulp’s Environmental, Inc.
3653 North Patterson Avenue,
Winston‐Salem, NC 27105
Email : kpfulp@aol.com
RE: Diesel Fuel Spill Cleanup Report – Mikmo Transport
Northeast of Hwy. 421 and I‐85 South
Greensboro, NC (Guilford County)
Release Location: N. Lat. 36.00536° / W. Long. ‐79.74257° W
Pyramid Project # 2022‐323
Ms. Fulp:
As requested by Fulp’s Environmental, Inc. (FEI), Pyramid Environmental and Engineering, P.C.,
(Pyramid) completed environmental services for the diesel fuel spill cleanup located on the I‐85
Southern Loop (southbound side) north of the intersection with HWY 421, in Greensboro.
The truck accident occurred on the southbound side of the I‐85 southern loop just north of the
intersection with Hwy 421. This report presents the details of the diesel fuel spill, fire
suppression with water, spill response and adsorbent application, soil assessment at the spill
site, soil screening results, soil excavation hauling & disposal, post‐excavation soil sampling,
laboratory analyses, and NCDEQ reporting for the spill cleanup.
1.0 Spill & Response
On October 31, 2022, a Mikmo Transportation tractor trailer was involved in an accident on the
side of the I‐85 southern loop, just northeast of the intersection of Hwy. 421 and I‐85. During
the accident the saddle tanks released over 100 gallons of diesel fuel onto the side of the road,
soil, and emergency lane, some of which caught fire. The remaining diesel fuel migrated into a
soil in the nearby ditch (low lying area) along the side of the highway.
Following the accident, the fire department put out the fire using only water. After the fire was
out, Fulp’s Environmental Inc (FEI) was contracted to clean‐up the petroleum spill. Once FEI
received authorization to proceed with the spill cleanup, they placed booms, adsorbent pads,
and granular oil absorbent around the perimeter of the spill to start absorbing the fuel.
Fulp’s Environmental, Inc. – Diesel Cleanup at 421 and I‐85 Southern Loop ‐ Spill Cleanup Report page 2
Pyramid Environmental Project # 2022‐323 11‐11‐2022
Planning for the cleanup included calling Pyramid on November 1st to help with the spill
cleanup. The diesel spill extended from the location of the accident along the side of I‐85 in a
low lying area approximately 130 feet long. The area was a closed depression and the liquids
that the fire department sprayed remained in this closed depression.
Arrangements for an emergency lane closure were made for November 1, 2022 so that the
work could be completed quickly. The location of the site is shown on Figure 1, which is
included in Attachment A. No surface water or other receptors were impacted by the diesel
fuel spill.
On the morning of November 1, 2022, Kent Fulp of FEI contacted Pyramid to provide
environmental services including, soil screening and supervision of the spill excavation, post‐
excavation soil sampling, laboratory analyses, data evaluation, and spill cleanup reporting.
Pyramid visited the site to locate the area and prepared for the evening mobilization to
complete work on the night of November 1, 2022. After FEI arranged the emergency lane
closure, Brian Mahan of Pyramid responded that evening to help supervise and sample the spill
cleanup. The location of the area is shown on the figures presented in Attachment A. Selected
photos taken before and during the diesel spill cleanup activities (some were after dark) are
included in Attachment B.
2.0 Soil Excavation
On November 1, 2022, the contaminated soil in the spill area and ditch was investigated,
defined by field screening, excavated, loaded, and transported to the AES of NC, LLC disposal
facility in Thomasville, North Carolina. The following tasks were performed during the
excavation of contaminated soil:
Prior to starting the excavation, the roadway ditch (low lying area) was filled with water,
most likely from the fire response since there had been no rainfall. FEI removed a total of
775 gallons from the area. Copies of the liquid disposal manifest are included in
Attachment C .
The pre‐excavation soil samples DS‐1 (composite sample of diesel fuel spill area) were
collected directly in front of the wreck where the diesel fuel had migrated onto the soil.
The analytical results for the pre‐excavation sample (DS‐1) detected elevated levels of
diesel‐range organics (DRO) at 409.7 milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), and 250mg/kg of
gasoline‐range organics (GRO). The NCDEQ Action Levels for petroleum impacted soil are
for DRO is 100 mg/kg and for GRO is 50 mg/kg. The disposal sample was probably diluted by
the fire department water that was sprayed on the wreck.
Fulp’s Environmental, Inc. – Diesel Cleanup at 421 and I‐85 Southern Loop ‐ Spill Cleanup Report page 3
Pyramid Environmental Project # 2022‐323 11‐11‐2022
Pyramid personnel collected soil samples and screened these soils for hydrocarbons with a
photoionization detector (PID). The soil samples were collected with a shovel and screened
in the field as the excavation proceeded.
Diesel contaminated soil was removed using the excavator and loaded into several roll‐off
containers for transport to the disposal facility.
The soil sample PID screening results for the post‐excavation samples ranged between 0.0
and 0.7 parts per million (ppm).
On November 1, 2022, the diesel spill area was excavated and loaded into three dump
trucks which transported the soil to the AES facility in Thomasville, NC for proper treatment
and disposal. A total of 49.24 tons of contaminated soil was excavated and a copy of the
Non‐Hazardous Material Manifests, certified weight tickets, and certificate of disposal are
included in Attachment E.
Post‐excavation soil samples were collected approximately every 20 feet from the furthest
point of the excavation up to the outlet pipe along the ditch. A total of eighteen (18) post
excavation soil samples were collected from the excavation.
The post excavation soil samples were collected for laboratory analysis for Total Petroleum
Hydrocarbons (TPH) using Ultra‐Violet Fluorescence (UVF) analytical method. The soil
samples were preserved in laboratory prepared containers and shipped overnight to RED
LAB, LLC in Wilmington, North Carolina. The locations of soil samples are shown on Figure 2,
which is included in Attachment A.
The composite disposal sample (DS1) were collected for TPH laboratory analysis using Ultra‐
Violet Fluorescence (UVF) analytical method. The soil samples were preserved in laboratory
prepared containers and shipped overnight to RED LAB, LLC in Wilmington, North Carolina.
On the night of November 1, 2022, FEI backfilled the area using clean soil, which was
compacted using the on‐site equipment. The backfilled excavated area was repaired after
backfilling with seed, straw, and fertilizer.
The 24‐Hour Notification of Discharge Form (UST‐62) was completed by Pyramid for the spill
cleanup incident, and the completed UST‐62 form is presented as Attachment G.
A copy of the laboratory report and associated chain‐of‐custody form is included in
Attachment F.
Fulp’s Environmental, Inc. – Diesel Cleanup at 421 and I‐85 Southern Loop ‐ Spill Cleanup Report page 4
Pyramid Environmental Project # 2022‐323 11‐11‐2022
Table 2
RED Labs Laboratory Results
Sample
Date
Sample
ID
Sample
Depth (Inches)
Sample
PID Reading
GRO
mg/kg
DRO
mg/kg
11‐1‐22 D1 Composite 270 ppm 250 409.7
11‐1‐22 S1 6 ‐ 8 0.7 ppm <0.53 7.1
11‐1‐22 S2 6 ‐ 8 0.3 ppm 1.7 3.7
11‐1‐22 S3 9 ‐ 12 0.0 ppm <0.56 <0.56
11‐1‐22 S4 6 ‐ 8 0.0 ppm <0.3 0.3
11‐1‐22 S5 9 ‐ 12 0.3 ppm <0.57 1.2
11‐1‐22 S6 6 ‐ 8 0.9 ppm <0.3 <0.3
11‐1‐22 S7 9 ‐ 12 0.0 ppm 0.55 1
11‐1‐22 S8 6 ‐ 8 0.1 ppm <0.6 <0.6
11‐1‐22 S9 9 ‐ 12 0.3 ppm <0.3 1.2
11‐1‐22 S10 6 ‐ 8 0.3 ppm <0.6 <0.6
11‐1‐22 S11 42” 0.3 ppm <0.59 <0.59
11‐1‐22 S12 6 ‐ 8 0.3 ppm <0.5 7.5
11‐1‐22 S13 6 ‐ 8 0.1 ppm <0.56 <0.56
11‐1‐22 S14 9 ‐ 12 0.2 ppm <0.47 3.3
11‐1‐22 S15 6 ‐ 8 0.3 ppm <0.54 2.1
11‐1‐22 S16 6 ‐ 8 0.1 ppm <0.55 <0.55
11‐1‐22 S17 9 ‐ 12 0.1 ppm <0.55 <0.55
11‐1‐22 S18 6 ‐ 8 0.1 ppm <0.54 0.99
NC Initial Cleanup Standards / Levels 50 100
The Post‐Excavation lab results for soil samples S1 ‐ S18 showed DRO concentrations
between <0.3 mg/kg and 7.5 mg/kg. These post‐excavation soil samples were below the
NCDEQ Action Level for DRO which is 100 mg/kg. The laboratory results are summarized in
Table 2.
The Post‐Excavation lab results for soil samples S1 ‐ S18 showed GRO concentrations
between <0.3 mg/kg and 1.7 mg/kg. These post‐excavation soil ample results are below the
NCDEQ Action Level for GRO which is 50 mg/kg. The laboratory results are summarized in
Table 2.
Attachment A
Attachment B
Attachment C
Attachment D
Standard Field Procedures: Revision 10.6 Page 1
Pyramid Environmental & Engineering, P.C. Revision date 01‐06‐2020
Standard Field Procedures
Pyramid Environmental & Engineering, P.C.
________________________________________________________________________
1.0 Equipment Decontamination
Equipment decontamination is essential to assure representative environmental samples
are collected and to eliminate the potential for cross‐contamination between sample points.
Pyramid strives to clean all field equipment prior to leaving the office; however, field
decontamination is still required on most projects. The procedures for decontamination of
water level probes, hand augers, sampling probes, trowels, and other field equipment are
listed below.
1.1 EPA Region IV Decontamination Procedures
Drilling and soil sampling equipment is decontaminated prior to each use using a pressure
washer or steam cleaner. Reusable sampling equipment (hand augers, sampling probes,
trowels, split spoon samplers, water sampling equipment, etc.…) are decontaminated using
the general procedure described below.
Wash with non‐phosphate detergent, water, & brush to remove particulate matter
Rinse with tap water
Rinse with 10 percent nitric acid solution (only if sampling for metals)
Rinse with de‐ionized water
Rinse with pesticide‐grade isopropyl alcohol
Rinse with de‐ionized water
Air‐dry as long as possible
The level of decontamination used is appropriate to the analytical parameters selected and
the material of the sampling device being used for sampling. For example, if metals analyses
are required, then the 10 % nitric acid solution is used for decontamination of stainless‐steel
equipment. Pyramid uses de‐ionized or distilled water for decontamination. Equipment that
is not used immediately after decontamination is wrapped in aluminum foil prior to storage.
2.0 Soil Borings & Sampling
2.1 Soil Borings
Soil borings are used by Pyramid to investigate and characterize the subsurface at sites.
Soil borings provide information concerning soil types and density, depth to refusal, depth
to bedrock, organic vapors that may be present, and can be used to obtain samples for
laboratory analysis.
Standard Field Procedures: Revision 10.6 Page 2
Pyramid Environmental & Engineering, P.C. Revision date 01‐06‐2020
Pyramid conducts borings in several different ways, using hand augers, direct‐push
equipment (Geoprobe), sample probes, split‐spoon samplers (ASTM D 1586‐84), auger
drilling, air drilling, and Vibro‐Core. The following procedures are used by Pyramid
Environmental when performing soil borings:
1. Soil boring locations are chosen, and the ULOCO utility locating service is called to
mark all public utilities. Pyramid locates private utilities at many project sites using
Pyramid locating equipment, or uses a private utility locating service.
2. Down hole drilling equipment is cleaned prior to use and between borings using
pressure washing or steam cleaning. Additional decontamination procedures in
Section 1.1 are used for sampling tools such as split spoons or direct‐push points.
3. Soil borings are advanced using direct‐push, drilling rigs, hand augers, or other
appropriate means. Near‐surface soil samples may also be collected using stainless
steel push probes, shovels, scoops, or other sampling devices.
4. Soil samples are normally collected at a minimum of 5‐foot intervals. Each sample is
divided into two parts. Soil samples for laboratory analyses are jarred from the initial
sample volume. The remaining soil is stored in a sealed container for headspace
analysis and geological description.
5. After screening the soil with the field instruments, each soil sample is described by
the field geologist and a geologic description is recorded in project documentation.
6. Soils are typically described in the field by the project geologist or soil scientist and
are classified according to the Unified Soil Classification System (ASTM D 2488‐84).
7. Soil samples selected for laboratory analysis are placed in properly prepared,
laboratory supplied containers and immediately packed in a cooler on ice. Sample
custody is maintained using standard chain‐of‐custody (COC) procedures through
delivery to the analytical laboratory.
8. Soil borings, which are not completed as monitoring wells, are grouted using a
Portland cement, bentonite, or backfilled with soil cuttings.
9. Soil cuttings are generally spread near the soil boring or monitoring well location as
directed by State regulatory managers. Drill cuttings are drummed (containerized)
where site conditions or regulatory requirements prohibit spreading cuttings, and
are disposed off‐site (after waste determination is made).
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2.2 Soil Headspace Screening
Soil samples are routinely screened for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) which may be an
indication of organic or petroleum hydrocarbon contamination. The typical screening
procedure includes immediately transferring the soil from the sampling devices to a sealed
container (sealed 1‐gallon Ziplock plastic bag). The soil container is filled approximately
halfway with soil and sealed. This creates headspace above the soil in which VOCs may
accumulate. The container is allowed to stand for 5 to 15 minutes for the VOCs to equilibrate
in the headspace of the container. The headspace of the container is then screened using a
calibrated organic vapor analyzer (PID or FID). The screening is conducted by cracking the
seal only enough to allow insertion of the probe into the headspace so as not to dilute the
sample. In most cases where the contaminant of concern includes volatile organics, the
highest or “Peak“ field‐screening result is documented for each sample. The soil samples
showing the highest reading from each boring are typically selected for laboratory analysis.
2.3 Soil Sample Collection for Laboratory Analysis
After the targeted depth has been reached, soil samples are collected using a variety of
sampling devices. Soil sample devices used include split‐spoons, stainless‐steel hand augers,
stainless‐steel push‐probes and sampling scoops, and directly from the center of the
excavator bucket. The sample technician uses disposable nitrile gloves, which are changed
between samples to avoid cross‐contamination of samples, and each sampling device is
decontaminated prior to use.
Only laboratory provided containers are used for sample collection. Samples are collected
in accordance with the preservation methods required by the requested analytical method.
Samples are handled as little as possible and preserved in the field as specified for the
analytical method. The samples are stored and transported to the laboratory in an insulated
cooler chilled to approximately 4 degrees centigrade. The samples are labeled with a
minimum of the following information: Pyramid, project name or number, sample
identification, date collected, sampler name, and analysis requested. Sample custody is
maintained using standard chain‐of‐custody procedures through delivery to the analytical
laboratory. Notes of the sampling events are recorded in project documentation.
Incremental sampling methodology (ISM) is a structured composite sampling and
processing protocol that reduces data variability and provides a reasonably unbiased
estimate of mean contaminant concentrations in a volume of soil targeted for sampling.
ISM provides representative samples of specific soil volumes defined as decision units
(DUs) by collecting numerous increments of soil (typically 30–100 increments) that are
combined, processed, and subsampled according to specific protocols. ISM Sampling will
be further explained in a site‐specific Work Plan documents.
Pyramid will contract an on‐site laboratory for immediate analyses as needed.
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2.4 Sediment Sample Collection for Laboratory Analysis
Near surface sediment may be present in a surface water ditch, stream, or dry intermittent
stream bed. Sediment samples are typically soil related samples and may be collected with
a variety of sampling tools. Pyramid will use stainless‐steel samplers which have been
decontaminated according to the procedure detailed in section 1.1 of this document. After
the sediment samples are collected, the location, depth, conditions, and sample
composition are documented in the project records. The samples will be screened in the
field to detect volatile organic vapors and visually examined for contamination. Sediment
samples will be preserved in laboratory prepared containers in accordance with sample
preservation recommendation of the analytical laboratory. Samples are handled as little as
possible and preserved in the field as specified for the analytical method. The samples are
stored and transported in an insulated cooler chilled to approximately 4 degrees centigrade.
The samples are labeled with a minimum of the following information: Pyramid, project
name or number, sample identification, date collected, sampler name, and analysis
requested. Sample custody is maintained using standard chain‐of‐custody procedures
through delivery to the analytical laboratory. Documentation of the sampling events are
recorded in the project documentation.
3.0 Direct-Push Sampling Procedures
Direct‐push sampling techniques have been used at many sites to collect soil and
groundwater samples rapidly and inexpensively. Track‐mounted, direct‐push rigs can access
hard to reach areas and allow borings and monitoring wells to be installed. For soil sampling,
typically, the direct‐push steel drive tube is decontaminated using a pressure washer, and a
new plastic sample liner is inserted in the steel drive tube to collect soil samples. The soil
samples are collected in new polyethylene sample tubes within the steel drive tube. The soil
samples are then extracted from the polyethylene liner and preserved as required for
laboratory analysis.
For groundwater sampling, a steel probe with a retractable screen section and tubing are
driven to depth and the screened section is opened to allow groundwater to enter the
tubing. The water samples are withdrawn using new polyethylene and Teflon® tubing with
either a decontaminated stainless‐steel check ball, or peristaltic pump. The groundwater
sample is placed directly into the appropriate laboratory containers and sealed immediately.
To prevent cross‐contamination of samples, new disposable tubing is used for each
groundwater sample point. Disposable nitrile gloves are worn by field personnel during
development and groundwater sampling, and gloves are changed between samples.
Groundwater sampling procedures are detailed more in Section 5.0, as appropriate for each
analytical method.
Standard Field Procedures: Revision 10.6 Page 5
Pyramid Environmental & Engineering, P.C. Revision date 01‐06‐2020
4.0 Monitoring Well Installation
Groundwater monitoring wells are installed in many subsurface environments; Coastal
Plain, sedimentary, Piedmont saprolite, weathered rock formations, and mountain terrains
to list a few. Formations encountered include unconsolidated and consolidated sediments,
fill material, organic soils, saprolitic soils, weathered rock formations, and bedrock.
Groundwater monitoring wells provide a stable sampling point at discrete intervals within
the confined or unconfined aquifers. Monitoring wells are installed for a number of reasons,
and are typically installed as 1‐inch, 2‐inch, 4‐inch, or 6‐inch diameter wells. Construction
may be of PVC, stainless‐steel, HDPE, or other appropriate materials. The following
procedures are used by Pyramid when performing borings and monitoring well installations. If required, monitoring well permits are obtained from the State, County, or City.
Boring and monitoring well locations are chosen, and utilities are marked by the
public utility locating company. As needed, the locations may be scanned for utilities
by Pyramid using our locating equipment, or a private utility locating company.
In selecting a drill site, care is taken to avoid overhead power lines, and subsurface
utilities whenever possible.
Down‐hole drilling equipment is decontaminated prior to use and between borings.
Borings are advanced using direct‐push, drilling rigs, hand augers, solid‐stem augers,
hollow‐stem augers, air rotary drilling, or air hammer drilling.
Soil samples are normally collected at a minimum of 5‐foot intervals. Each sample is
divided into two parts. Soil samples for laboratory analyses are jarred from the initial
sample volume. The remaining soil is stored in a sealed container for headspace
analysis with an organic vapor analyzer (PID or FID).
After screening the soil with the field instruments, each soil sample is described by
the field geologist and a geologic description is recorded in the project
documentation.
Type II monitoring wells are usually installed using 2‐inch diameter schedule 40 PVC riser
and 2‐inch, 0.010‐inch machine slotted well screen. The screened interval length varies with
the geologic site conditions, expected variations in water level, and the investigation goals
for the well. The well construction details are presented on the boring log.
Type III wells are usually installed as double‐cased wells to monitor the deeper portions of
the aquifer. The first casing is usually a 5 to 6‐inch diameter solid PVC well casing drilled to
bedrock or an appropriate depth within the surficial zone. The 5 to 6‐inch diameter casing
is then set and grouted in the borehole. After the cement grout has set for 12 to 24‐hours,
the borehole is completed to the desired depth using air rotary drilling or air hammer
drilling. The inside casing of the Type III monitoring well is usually constructed of 2‐inch
diameter SCH 40 PVC casing and 2‐inch diameter SCH 40 PVC 0.010‐inch slotted well screen.
Standard Field Procedures: Revision 10.6 Page 6
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In most applications, a sand filter pack of #2 well sand (or appropriately sized well sand).
Sand is typically installed to a level of 2 feet above the top of the screen in each well.
A minimum 2‐foot thick bentonite seal is usually placed on top of the filter pack and
hydrated with de‐ionized or distilled water. The remaining annular space of a typical well is
backfilled to grade with a Portland cement/bentonite grout. In monitoring wells where the
water table is close to surface, the amount of sand above the screen and bentonite will be
reduced to allow for a minimum of 2–3 feet of cement grout in the well bore.
At the surface, each well is secured with a locking cap and a steel well protector. Depending
on the surface conditions, the well may be protected by a flush‐mounted manhole set in the
surrounding surface in a concrete pad. In some cases, stick‐up well protectors are used to
secure the well and allow the well to be more easily located in wooded or open areas.
Each groundwater monitoring well is developed by surging, pumping, or bailing to remove
sediment before sampling. Water removed during development is managed according to
individual State regulatory guidance.
5.0 Water Sampling Procedures
Pyramid relies on water sampling as a primary method for assessment of subsurface
groundwater conditions. Water sampling typically includes sampling groundwater from
monitoring wells, water supply wells, surface water bodies, stormwater, waste sumps, etc.
The following provides typical sampling procedures for the water samples.
5.1 Monitoring Wells
Prior to sampling each monitoring well, depth to liquid and/or liquids and total well depth
are measured using a properly decontaminated electric interface probe. If phase‐separated
petroleum product is detected in a well, the product measurements are recorded along with
the water level in each well. This information is recorded in the field record and the volume
of the water in the well casing is calculated. To purge stagnant water from each monitoring
well, three to five well casing volumes of water are removed from each well prior to
sampling. Alternately, for low‐flow sampling, development continues until the field
parameters (pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, ORP, and temperature) have stabilized.
If the water in the monitoring well is removed until the well is dry, then the well is sampled
thereafter. Water removed from wells during purging is managed in accordance with
individual State regulatory guidance.
Groundwater samples are typically collected using a new disposable polyethylene bailer and
a new length of nylon cord. To prevent cross‐contamination of samples between wells, a
new disposable bailer is used for each well. The bailer is lowered into the groundwater
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slowly and removed slowly. A new pair of disposable gloves is worn by field personnel
during purging and sampling, and is changed between wells. In the case of small diameter
monitoring wells or direct‐push water samples, water samples may be collected using a
peristaltic pump and new polyethylene tubing. Another method is to use a segment of new
sampling tubing and a stainless‐steel check ball to create a “Tube Bailer”.
Groundwater samples selected for laboratory analysis are immediately placed in properly
prepared, laboratory supplied containers and preserved in a cooler on ice. Samples are
maintained under standard chain‐of‐custody procedures from sample collection through
laboratory analysis.
5.2 Water Supply Well Sampling
Prior to sampling each water supply well, the well owner is contacted to provide access to
the well. The well owner is interviewed to locate the faucet closest to the well for sampling.
If there are no faucets located on the well, then water from an outside faucet at the building
is usually sampled. If there are no outside faucets available, then the water samples are
collected from an inside faucet. The location of the sample is recorded in the field record.
The owner is interviewed to see if there is a chlorination system on the well, or if the well
has been recently chlorinated. Recent chlorination could affect the laboratory detection
limits. In most cases, the samples are preserved using sodium thiosulfate or ascorbic acid to
remove the interactions of chlorine, which may be present in the samples.
If the well is treated with a Point‐of‐Entry (POE) treatment system, then the “raw” water
sample must be collected before the treatment system. An associated treated water sample
is usually collected as well to demonstrate effective treatment.
To purge stagnant water from the water supply well system, the faucet is allowed to run on
full stream for a minimum of 15 minutes. The aerator is removed from the tap if one is
present. Water removed from wells during purging is managed according to regulatory
standards.
Water supply well samples are collected using appropriate laboratory prepared containers
for each analysis. The analytical methods selected will vary with the contaminant of
interest. To prevent cross‐contamination of samples between wells, disposable nitrile gloves
are worn by field personnel during purging and sampling and are changed between wells. It
is possible that samples may be required at several places within the water supply system.
The samples are collected accordingly and labeled to show the source and location sampled.
Supply well samples selected for laboratory analysis are immediately placed in properly
prepared, laboratory supplied containers and packed in a cooler on ice, and chilled to
approximately 4 degrees Celsius. Samples are maintained under standard chain‐of‐custody
procedures from sample collection through laboratory analysis.
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5.3 Surface Water Sampling
Surface water samples are obtained using several techniques including use of sample
bailers, discrete depth interval samples, sample scoops, from boats, bridges, or wading into
a stream. Caution should always be used when sampling surface water to ensure that the
water collected is representative of the site conditions. Since stream or open water sampling
is transient, careful documentation of the site conditions, weather, surface conditions,
sediment, algal or biological material, etc. is required.
In many studies, additional samples from upstream and downstream of the desired sample
point are required. Surface water sampling must be planned to reflect the site‐specific
conditions during sampling. The general procedures are similar to the supply well sampling
procedures detailed above. Appropriate laboratory prepared containers are used for each
analysis. The analytical methods selected will vary with the contaminant of interest.
To prevent cross‐contamination of samples between samples, disposable nitrile gloves are
worn by field personnel during purging and sampling and are changed between samples. It
is possible that samples may be required at several places along the stream to check for
influences of up‐stream facilities. Samples will be collected accordingly and labeled to show
the source and location sampled. Sample will always be collected upstream of the area
disturbed by the person sampling the stream. Surface water samples selected for laboratory
analysis are placed in properly prepared, laboratory supplied containers and immediately
packed in a cooler on ice. Samples are maintained under strict control using standard chain‐
of‐custody procedures through laboratory analysis.
6.0 Quality Assurance / Quality Control
The field and laboratory procedures listed above have been implemented on many sites
with excellent results. The procedures are often verified by an appropriate use of the
following environmental samples.
Trip Blanks ( or Travel blanks)
The Trip Blank (or travel blanks) are often used to verify that the environmental samples are
not impacted during shipping, and verify that the source of the glassware is not the source
of contamination. The trip blanks are preserved de‐ionized water, collected in the
laboratory, and shipped with the sample containers to Pyramid or the site. The trip blank
remains in the sample cooler and is shipped back to the laboratory with the environmental
samples. The trip blank is most commonly analyzed for volatile organic compounds (VOCs),
and correspond to the target analyses.
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Field Blanks
Field Blanks are quality assurance samples which are collected in the field to represent the
conditions present at the time the samples are collected. For water samples, the laboratory
containers are opened and filled in the field using de‐ionized (or distilled) water from a
known source. The samples reflect any site conditions such as vapor sources which may
affect the water samples. The samples then travel to the laboratory with the other samples
for analysis. Comparison of the field blank results with the sample results may indicate a
pervasive site constituent detected in the samples.
Equipment Blanks
Equipment Blanks are used to verify whether the decontamination procedures used for the
sample equipment (or the new equipment) may have added any contaminants to the
sample during collection. If a non‐disposable sampling device is used (such as a sampling
treir, scoop, hand auger, Teflon bailer, etc.…), then the decontamination of the sampling
device is usually verified using an equipment blank. The equipment blank is collected using
de‐ionized (or distilled) water from a known source. The equipment is decontaminated,
allowed to air dry, the water is poured over (or through) the equipment, and a sample is
collected in the appropriate sample containers. The equipment blank samples are preserved
with the other environmental samples, and shipped for analyses for the target parameters.
Duplicate Samples
Duplicate Samples are used to verify the sampling procedures and evaluate laboratory
analysis variability. The duplicate samples may be collected from soil, sediment, air, surface
water, wastes, or groundwater. These samples are collected and sent to the laboratory as
blind samples to have maximum effectiveness. Duplicate samples are generally analyzed for
the same analytical methods as the actual environmental sample for direct comparison.
Duplicate samples may also be split between two different laboratories to provide
verification of laboratory detection limits or quality process verification.
Background Samples
Background Samples are a tool for comparison of general site conditions with source area
site conditions. Background samples may be soil, sediment, air, surface water, waste, or
groundwater. The goal is to reflect conditions outside the expected area of contamination.
These samples are collected outside the expected area of contamination and sent to the
laboratory for analyses. Background samples are generally analyzed for the same analytical
methods as the source area environmental samples for direct comparison. Background
samples for metals comparison are common types of background samples used in
environmental investigations.
Attachment E
Attachment F
Hydrocarbon Analysis ResultsClient:PYRAMIDSamples takenTuesday, November 1, 2022Address:503 INDUSTRIAL AVESamples extractedTuesday, November 1, 2022GREENSBORO, NC 27406Samples analysedFriday, November 4, 2022Contact:BRIAN MAHANOperatorCLAIRE NAKAMURAProject:I85 SPILL10U04049MatrixSample IDDilution usedBTEX (C6 - C9)GRO (C5 - C10)DRO (C10 - C35)TPH (C5 - C35)Total Aromatics (C10-C35)16 EPA PAHsBaP HC Fingerprint Match% light % mid% heavys DS1194.0 <4.8 250 409.7 659.7 140.6 5.2 <0.19 95.7 3.8 0.5Deg.Diesel 84.8%,(FCM)s S121.1 <0.53 <0.53 7.1 7.1 3.8 <0.17 <0.021 0 75.1 24.9V.Deg.PHC 76.8%,(FCM),(BO)s S223.0 <0.58 1.7 3.7 5.4 1.7 <0.18 <0.023 51.4 35.3 13.4Deg.PHC 74.1%,(FCM),(BO)sS322.4<0.56<0.56<0.56<0.56 <0.11<0.18<0.022000PHC not detecteds S412.1 <0.3 <0.3 0.3 0.3 <0.06 <0.1 <0.012 84.8 13.2 2Deg Fuel 91.2%,(FCM)s S522.6 <0.57 <0.57 1.2 1.2 <0.11 <0.18 <0.023 0 100 0Deg.Diesel 63.5%,(FCM)sS612.1<0.3 <0.3 <0.3 <0.3 <0.06<0.1<0.012000,(FCM)s S712.2 <0.3 0.55 1 1.6 <0.06 <0.1 <0.012 97.6 2.4 0Deg.Diesel 61.5%,(FCM)sS823.9<0.6 <0.6 <0.6 <0.6 <0.12<0.19<0.024000Residual HC,(BO)s S912.0 <0.3 <0.3 1.2 1.2 <0.06 <0.1 <0.012 0 84.3 15.7Deg.Diesel 64.1%,(FCM)Initial Calibrator QC checkOKFinal FCM QC CheckOK102.7 %Results generated by a QED HC-1 analyser. Concentration values in mg/kg for soil samples and mg/L for water samples. Soil values are not corrected for moisture or stone contentFingerprints provide a tentative hydrocarbon identification. The abbreviations are:- FCM = Results calculated using Fundamental Calibration Mode : % = confidence for sample fingerprint match to library(SBS) or (LBS) = Site Specific or Library Background Subtraction applied to result : (PFM) = Poor Fingerprint Match : (T) = Turbid : (P) = Particulate presentRatios
Hydrocarbon Analysis ResultsClient:PYRAMIDSamples takenTuesday, November 1, 2022Address:503 INDUSTRIAL AVESamples extractedTuesday, November 1, 2022GREENSBORO, NC 27406Samples analysedFriday, November 4, 2022Contact:BRIAN MAHANOperatorCLAIRE NAKAMURAProject:I85 SPILL19U04049MatrixSample IDDilution usedBTEX (C6 - C9)GRO (C5 - C10)DRO (C10 - C35)TPH (C5 - C35)Total Aromatics (C10-C35)16 EPA PAHsBaP HC Fingerprint Match% light % mid% heavysS1024.1<0.6 <0.6 <0.6 <0.6 <0.12<0.19<0.024000PHC not detectedsS1123.4<0.59<0.59<0.59<0.59 <0.12<0.19<0.023000PHC not detected,(BO)s S1220.2 <0.5 <0.5 7.5 7.5 3.6 0.4 <0.02 16.6 70.4 13Road Tar 96.4%,(FCM)sS1322.2<0.56<0.56<0.56<0.56 <0.11<0.18<0.022000Residual HCs S1419.0 <0.47 <0.47 3.3 3.3 1.6 <0.15 <0.019 0 82.8 17.2Deg Fuel 92.9%,(FCM)s S1521.5 <0.54 <0.54 2.1 2.1 0.92 <0.17 <0.021 0 80.7 19.3Deg Fuel 90.7%,(FCM)sS1621.8<0.55<0.55<0.55<0.55 <0.11<0.17<0.022000PHC not detected,(BO)s S1721.8 <0.55 <0.55 <0.55 <0.55 <0.11 <0.17 <0.022 0 100 0PHC not detecteds S1821.5 <0.54 <0.54 0.99 0.99 0.31 <0.17 <0.021 0 81 19Deg Fuel 77.7%,(FCM)Initial Calibrator QC checkOKFinal FCM QC CheckOK98.6 %Results generated by a QED HC-1 analyser. Concentration values in mg/kg for soil samples and mg/L for water samples. Soil values are not corrected for moisture or stone contentFingerprints provide a tentative hydrocarbon identification. The abbreviations are:- FCM = Results calculated using Fundamental Calibration Mode : % = confidence for sample fingerprint match to library(SBS) or (LBS) = Site Specific or Library Background Subtraction applied to result : (PFM) = Poor Fingerprint Match : (T) = Turbid : (P) = Particulate presentRatios
QED Hydrocarbon Fingerprints
Project: I85 SPILL ##################
QED Hydrocarbon Fingerprints
Project: I85 SPILL ##################
Attachment G
UST-62 24-Hour Notification of Discharge Form
For Non-UST
Releases of
Petroleum in NC
This form should be completed and submitted to the UST Section’s regional office following a known or suspected release of
petroleum from a source other than an underground storage tank. This form is required to be submitted within 24 hours of
discovery of a known or suspected petroleum release
(DWM USE ONLY)
Incident # ___________ Priority Rank (H,I,L,U) _____
Received (time/date) ___________________________
Received by ________________ Region __________
Reported by (circle one): Phone, Fax or Report
Suspected Contamination? (Y/N) ___
Confirmed GW Contamination? (Y/N) ___
Confirmed Soil Contamination ?(Y/N) ___
Samples taken?(Y/N) ___ Free product? (Y/N) ___
If Yes(free product), state greatest thickness: _____feet
Release discovered
(time/date):______________
_______________________
INCIDENT DESCRIPTION
Incident Name:
Address (street number/name):County:
City/Town: Zip Code: Regional Office (circle one): Asheville, Mooresville, Fayetteville,
Raleigh, Washington, Wilmington, Winston-Salem
Latitude (decimal degrees): Longitude (decimal degrees) :Obtained by:
Describe suspected or confirmed release (nature of release, time/date of release, quantity of release, amount of free
product):T GPS
T Electronic topographic map
T GIS Address matching
Describe initial response/abatement (time/date release stopped, cleanup begun/completed, quantity of product
soil removed, confirmation sampling):
T Other
T Unknown
Describe impacted receptors: Describe location:
HOW RELEASE WAS DISCOVERED (Release Code)
(Check one)
T Observation of Release at Occurrence
T Visual or Olfactory Evidence
T Soil Contamination
T Groundwater Contamination
T Water Supply Well Contamination
T Surface Water Contamination
T Other (specify) _______________
SOURCE OF CONTAMINATION
Source of Release
(Check one to indicate primary
source)
Cause of Release
(Check one to indicate primary
cause)
Type of Release
(Check one)
Product Type Released
(Check one to indicate primary petroleum product
type released)
T AST (tank)
T AST Piping/ Dispenser
T AST Delivery Problem
T OTR Vehicle Tank
T OTR Bulk Transport Tank
T RR Bulk Transport Tank
T Transformer
T Unknown
T Other ______________
Definitions presented on reverse
T Spill (Accidental)
T Spill (Intentional)
T Corrosion
T Physical or Mechanical
Damage
T Equipment Failure
T AST Overfill
T AST Installation Problem
T Unknown
T Other ______________
Definitions presented on reverse
T Petroleum
T Both Petroleum
& Non-Petroleum
Location
(Check one)
T Facility
T Residence
T Highway/Road
T Railway
T Other
T Gasoline/ Diesel/
Kerosene
T E11 – E20
T E21 – E84
T E85 – E99
T Ethanol 100%
T Diesel/Veg. Oil
Blend
T Vegetable Oil 100%
T Heating Oil
T Waste Oil
T Mineral Oil-no
PCBs
T Mineral Oil-PCBs
T Other Petroleum
Products ________
Ownership
1. Municipal 2. Military 3. Unknown 4. Private 5. Federal 6. County 7. State
Operation Type
1. Public Service 2. Agricultural 3. Residential 4. Education/Relig. 5. Industrial 6. Commercial 7. Mining
Guidance presented on reverse
UST Form 62 (04/10) Page 1 of 2
Y NNY N
Hwy 421 and I-85 Spill
Northeast of Intersection of Hwy 421 and I-85 Guilford
Greensboro 27406
36.00536° N -79.74257° W
Apple Maps X
At approximately 5pm on 10/31/2022,a wreck involving a tractor trailer
occurred northeast of the intersection of Hwy. 421 and I-85 south. Over 100 gallons of
diesel fuel were spilled and caught on fire.
fire with water only. Fulp's Environmental responded by putting pigs in the affected area to prevent the diesel fuel from
migrating. Pyramid was then contacted to observe the soil cleanup and collect confirmatory samples.
The soil was captured in a closed ditch area and was subsequently cleaned up.
Side of Highway
I-85 southbound
X
X X X
X
X
17:00/ 10/31/2022
Following the spill the Greensboro Fire Department responded and put out the
IMPACT ON DRINKING WATER SUPPLIES
Water Supply Wells Affected? 1. Yes 2. No 3. Unknown Number of Water Supply Wells Affected ______
List of Water Supply Wells Contaminated: (Include Users Names, Addresses and Phone Numbers. Attach additional sheet if necessary)
1.
2.
3.
PARTY RESPONSIBLE FOR RELEASE
(if the source of the release is not an AST system or if it is an AST system and there is a responsible party other than the AST system owner/ operator)
Name of Person/Company Address
City State Zip Code Telephone Number
AST SYSTEM OWNER (if the source of the release is an AST system)
AST Owner/Company Address
City State Zip Code Telephone Number
AST SYSTEM OPERATOR (if the source of the release is an AST system)
UST Operator/Company Address
City State Zip Code Telephone Number
LANDOWNER AT LOCATION OF INCIDENT
Landowner Address
City State Zip Code Telephone Number
Draw Sketch of Area or Provide Map (showing incident site, location of release, two major road intersections, potential
receptors)
Attach sketch or map to form.
Give Directions to Incident Site Attach directions to form if necessary.
Person Reporting Incident Company Telephone Number
Title Address Date
UST Form 62 (04/10) Page 2 of 2
Definitions of Sources
AST (Tank): means the tank is used to store product
AST Piping: means the piping and connectors running from the tank to the dispenser or other end-use equipment
AST Dispenser: includes the dispenser and the equipment used to connect the dispenser to the piping
AST Delivery Problem: identifies releases that occurred during product delivery to the tank.
OTR Vehicle Tank: means the tank is used to store product to fuel an over the road vehicle
OTR Bulk Transport Tank: means a tank that is used to transport product in bulk over the road (by truck)
RR :bulk Transport Tank: means a tank that is used to transport product in bulk by train
Transformer: means electrical transformer
Other: serves as the option to use when the release source is known but does not fit into one of the preceding categories
Unknown: identifies releases for which the source has not been determined
Definitions of CausesSpill (Accidental): use this cause when a spill occurs accidentally(e.g., when the delivery hose is disconnected from a fill pipe)
Spill (Intentional): use this cause when a spill occurs intentionally (e.g., intentional dumping or breakage)
Corrosion: use when a metal tank, piping, or other component has a release due to corrosion
Physical or Mechanical Damage: use for all types of physical or mechanical damage, except corrosion
Equipment failure: use when a release occurs due to equipment failure other than corrosion or physical or mechanical damage
AST Overfill: use when an overfill occurs (e.g., overfills may occur from the fill pipe at the tank or when the nozzle fails to shut off at the dispenser)
AST Installation Problem: use when the problem is determined to have occurred specifically because the AST system was not installed properly
Other: use this option when the cause is known but does not fit into one of the preceding categories
Unknown: use when the cause has not been determined
Guidance: Ownership and Operator TypeOwnership select the category which describes owner of the AST system, bulk transport tank, or other release source
Operator Type select the category which describes the operation in which owner uses the AST system, bulk transport tank, or other release source
X
None
None
Mikmo Transport, LLC 7500 Castlebar Rd.
Charlotte NC 28270
Mikmo Transport, LLC
Charlotte NC 28270
7500 Castlebar Rd.
N/A OTR Tractor Trailer
NCDOT
See Attached Maps
(704) 339-0267
Brian Mahan Pyramid Environmental (336)335-3174
Associate Project Manager 503 Industrial Ave., Greensboro, NC 27406 11/03/2022