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Home My WebLink AboutAS-4481_41530_CA_RPTS_20180223_LIF Report 7606 Whitehall Executive Center Drive, Suite 800 Charlotte, NC 28273 Tel: 704-529-3200 Fax: 704-529-3272 www.atcgroupservices.com N.C. Engineering License No. C-1598 1 February 23, 2018 Mr. Mike Streeter North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality Asheville Regional Office Division of Waste Management - UST Section 2090 US Highway 70 Swannanoa, North Carolina 28778 Re: Laser-Induced Fluorescence Study Letter Report Circle K 2723970 225 Cleveland Avenue Kings Mountain, Cleveland County, North Carolina 28086 Facility ID No. 0-021720 NCDEQ Incident No. 41530 Site Risk: High ATC Project No. CIRK397002 Dear Mr. Streeter: ATC Associates of North Carolina, P.C. (ATC), on behalf of Circle K Stores, Inc., is submitting the enclosed Laser-Induced Fluorescence (LIF) Study Letter Report. The LIF study was conducted on January 9 and 10, 2018. If you have any questions or comments, please contact us at (704) 529-3200. Sincerely, ATC Associates of North Carolina, P.C. Christine E. Schaefer Project Manager cc: Mr. Brent Puzak – Circle K Stores, Inc. 1 7606 Whitehall Executive Center Drive, Suite 800 Charlotte, NC 28273 Tel: 704-529-3200 Fax: 704-529-3272 www.atcgroupservices.com N.C. Engineering License No. C-1598 February 23, 2018 Mr. Mike Streeter North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality Asheville Regional Office Division of Waste Management - UST Section 2090 US Highway 70 Swannanoa, North Carolina 28778 Re: Laser-Induced Fluorescence Study Letter Report Circle K 2723970 225 Cleveland Avenue Kings Mountain, Cleveland County, North Carolina 28086 Facility ID No. 0-021720 NCDEQ Incident No. 41530 Site Risk: High ATC Project No. CIRK397002 Dear Mr. Streeter: ATC Associates of North Carolina, P.C. (ATC), on behalf of Circle K Stores, Inc. (Circle K), is submitting this Laser-Induced Fluorescence (LIF) Study Letter Report for the Circle K 2723970 site in Kings Mountain, North Carolina. Figure 1 shows the site and vicinity on part of a United States Geological Survey (USGS) topographic map. A site map illustrating site features and layout is included as Figure 2. Background In March 2017, during a groundwater sampling event to monitor dissolved chlorinated solvent impact at the site under the Inactive Hazardous Sites Branch Registered Environmental Consultant Program (site ID NONCD0001939), ATC personnel measured approximately 1.68 feet of free petroleum product in monitoring well MW-6. Subsequent underground storage tank (UST) system tightness testing conducted on March 27, 2017, indicated a leak at the kerosene product line. A UST-61: 24-Hour Release and UST Leak Reporting Form was submitted to the North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality (NCDEQ) on March 27, 2017. Following kerosene product line repairs in April 2017, ATC personnel collected a soil sample in the vicinity of the repair area as part of site check activities. Laboratory analytical results of the soil sample did not indicate petroleum-related impacts to soil above the established NCDEQ reporting limits. On May 2, 2017, ATC collected a sample of free product from monitoring well MW-6 for laboratory analysis, which confirmed the free product was kerosene fuel. ATC also measured liquid levels in monitoring well Circle K 2723970 – LIF Study Letter Report February 23, 2018 NCDEQ Incident No. 41530 ATC Project No. CIRK397002 2 MW-6 and from four UST compliance wells. Free product was measured in well MW-6 at a thickness of 2.42 feet and in one of the UST basin compliance wells (UCW-1) at a thickness of 0.35 feet. An Aggressive Fluid/Vapor Recovery (AFVR) event was conducted at monitoring well MW-6 in September 2017. Prior to initiation of the AFVR event, free product was measured in well MW-6 at a thickness of 2.21 feet. Immediately following completion of the AFVR event, measurable free product was not detected in well MW-6. In order to conduct more targeted subsequent product recovery efforts, ATC recommended the performance of a LIF study to identify the extent and location of subsurface product at the site. On November 8, 2017, the NCDEQ issued a Notice of Regulatory Requirements requesting the performance of an LIF study at the site. Laser-Induced Fluorescence Study On January 9 and 10, 2018, ATC subcontracted Innovative Environmental Technologies, Inc. (IET) and Dakota Technologies (Dakota) to conduct a subsurface investigation using a Laser-Induced Fluorescence/Ultraviolet Optical Screening Tool (LIF/UVOST) to help with the delineation of free product at the site. The investigation consisted of 25 LIF/UVOST screening locations to depths ranging from 2.28 to 21.25 feet below ground surface (bgs). A Geoprobe® Direct Push Technology (DPT) drilling rig was used to advance the locations. Figure 2 shows the locations of the LIF/UVOST screening points. Individual LIF/UVOST logs (included in Appendix A) consist of a primary graph of total fluorescence versus depth, an information box, and up to three waveform “callouts”. In the primary fluorescence graph, depth is plotted on the Y axis and the combined total fluorescence intensity of the four monitored wavelengths is plotted on the X axis. Total fluorescence intensity is presented as a percentage of the reference emitter (RE) standard. Since various petroleum aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) fluoresce at differing intensities, there are several compounds that fluoresce brighter than the RE standard, and therefore the total RE can exceed 100%. Total fluorescence intensity is typically proportional to concentration and responds linearly as concentrations increase. Waveform callouts are presented to the left side of the primary graph. These callouts present the fluoresce intensity of each of the monitored wavelengths on the Y axis and the duration of fluorescence of each wavelength on the X axis. No scale is given along the X axis, however; it is a consistent 320 nanoseconds wide. The four peaks are due to the florescence at the four monitored wavelengths, known as channels. Each channel is assigned a color. Various non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) will have a unique waveform signature based on the relative amplitude of the four channels and/or the broadening of one or more of the channels. Callouts are selected by the operator and typically correspond to peaks on the primary graph. The fill color of the response on the primary graph is based on the relative contribution of each of the four channels’ area versus the total waveform area. This allows the viewer to discern different substances at different depths based on the fill color. No indications of non-aqueous phase hydrocarbons were detected in LIF sample points (D, 2R), (D, 4), (E.25, 2), (E.5, 2), (F.75, 2), (F, 3), and (G.75, 3.25). The largest fluorescence returns, indicating a higher concentration of non-aqueous phase hydrocarbons, were noted in LIF sample points (E.5, 3.25), (E.5, 3.5), (D, 3), (G, 3.5), (G.9, 3.5), and (F, 4). Results of the LIF survey and monitoring well gauging indicate that non- aqueous phase product is present at the site in proximity to the UST basin and the dispenser island. The free product appears to be at depths ranging from 3.58 feet to 7.04 feet bgs. Based on the results of the LIF survey, ATC recommends the installation of 4-inch diameter recovery wells in the areas of LIF points (G, 3.5), (E.5, 3,5), and (D, 3), followed by subsequent AFVR events. Circle K 2723970 – LIF Study Letter Report February 23, 2018 NCDEQ Incident No. 41530 ATC Project No. CIRK397002 3 If you have any questions or comments, please contact us at (704) 529-3200. Sincerely, ATC Associates of North Carolina, P.C. Christine E. Schaefer Michael D. Shaw, P.G. Project Manager NC Licensed Geologist #1338 cc: Mr. Brent Puzak – Circle K Stores, Inc. FIGURES SITE LOCATION DATE:PROJECT NO.: SCALE:DRAWN BY: REVIEWED BY: PROJECT NO.: DRAWN BY: REVIEWED BY: DATE: SCALE: APPENDIX A DAKOTA TECHNOLOGIES HIGH RESOLUTION SITE CHARACTERIZATION REPORT – UVOST–EC INVESTIGATION High Resolution Site Characterization Report – UVOST®-EC Investigation Client: IET Project Name: Circle K 2723970 Location: Kings Mountain, NC Prepared by: Dakota Technologies Company, LLC 5001 Boone Avenue N. New Hope, Minnesota 55428 763.424.4803 January 16, 2018 Project Number: 0002.18 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 UVOST®® SYSTEM DESCRIPTION & CALIBRATION ............................................................. 1 2.0 ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY (EC) DESCRIPTION ................................................................. 2 3.0 DISCUSSION AND COMMENTS ......................................................................................... 3 4.0 LIMITATIONS ................................................................................................................... 4 APPENDICES Appendix A UVOST® Field Summary Log Appendix B UVOST® Logs at 10% RE Appendix C UVOST® Logs at % RE Autoscaled Appendix D UVOST® Reference Log High Resolution Site Characterization Report – UVOST® Circle K 2723970, Kings Mountain, NC Project No.: 0002.18 1 1.0 UVOST® SYSTEM DESCRIPTION & CALIBRATION The Ultra-Violet Screening Tool (UVOST®) is a laser induced screening tool specifically designed to detect light-non-aqueous phase liquid (LNAPL) in the subsurface. It is primarily used for mapping petroleum, oils and lubricants (POLs) at fueling areas, railroad sites, pipelines, refineries etc. UVOST® had been in commercial use since 1994. Fluorescence is the emission of photons (light) of a longer wavelength relative to the source emission. The release of these photons can be used to detect small amounts of substance (i.e., polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)) in a larger matrix (soil). This method of detection has been used in laboratories for decades. With the commercial availability of lasers and optical fibers, this technology can also be applied in-situ in the field to identify the presence of light non-aqueous phase liquids (LNAPL). The UVOST® system sends laser light (308 nanometer wavelength) through a fiber optic cable strung within probe rods on a direct push drill rig. The light, reflected by a parabolic mirror, then exits through a sapphire window in the side of the probe. As the probe is advanced, the immediately adjacent soil is exposed to the UV laser light. If PAHs (compounds in petroleum oils and lubricants that fluoresce) are present, longer wavelength light is emitted by the PAH compounds. This “signal” light is transmitted through a return fiber, back to the surface to be analyzed. Responses are indicated in real-time on a graph of signal vs. depth. The UVOST® log displays “color mixed” signal logs consisting of contributions from four wavelength channels, and waveforms (“fingerprint” of multi-wavelength) to aid in identification and relative quantity of the compound present. Prior to every log, the UVOST® system is checked for optical quality by observing the background signal for sources of signal in the fiber, filter, mirror and sapphire window. Also, the reference emitter (a standard, proprietary LNAPL mixture called the “RE”) is placed on the window to determine the qualitative and semi-quantitative properties of the laser system. This is to assure that the RE response has the correct shape and intensity and that the UVOST® system is calibrated to log. Typically, the RE will fall between 10,000 and 11,000 picovolt-seconds (pVs), which is a measure of waveform area. The background can vary from 0.1% to 1%, which is typically an area of approximately 0 to 100 pVs. The relationship between the instrument responses from NAPL in the subsurface and the RE depends on the properties of the NAPL. The calibration of the system is not to a concentration, but to a known fluorescence signature. High Resolution Site Characterization Report – UVOST® Circle K 2723970, Kings Mountain, NC Project No.: 0002.18 2 2.0 ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY (EC) DESCRIPTION Electrical Conductivity (EC) data were collected simultaneously with the UVOST® data. EC is a measure of the soil’s ability to conduct an electrical current between two dipoles on the UVOST/EC probe. Conductivity is the reciprocal of electrical resistivity and has the units (in our application) of millisiemens per meter (mS/m). Since soil is in the pathway of the charge flow, the grain size can be determined by comparing the EC log to lithology observed in a soil boring. Conductivity readings in the 100s indicate smaller grain (size such as clay). Larger grain size (sand and gravels) are typically in the 10s of mS/m range. Prior to every log, the EC point of the UVOST® probe is checked for proper operation by performing a voltage test with a voltage meter and a conductivity test with a test block. High Resolution Site Characterization Report – UVOST® Circle K 2723970, Kings Mountain, NC Project No.: 0002.18 3 3.0 DISCUSSION AND COMMENTS Dakota Technologies Company, LLC (Dakota) completed 25 UVOST® borings on the property. Refusals occurred on logs LIF-E03, LIF-F04, LIF-E.5,03.5, LIF-E.5,03.25, LIF-E.5,03, LIF-E.5,02, and LIF-E.25,02. All other borings were pushed to requested depth. Fluorescence was observed on most logs which ranged between 1 and 12 feet and was predominantly located between 6 and 10 feet. No LNAPL was identified by UVOST®on logs LIF-D02R, LIF-D04, LIF- E.25,02, LIF-E.5,02, LIF-F.75,02, LIF-F03, and LIF-G.75,03.25. There was indeterminant fluorescence on log LIF-I03.25. Upon commencement of acquiring data on log LIF-D03, a delay malfunction occurred within the oscilloscope resulting in a red shifted false color plot. For accurate comparison a confirmation sample will be required. A weathered gas-like odor was noted on the probe tip upon retrieval from the LIF-D03 borehole. All laser QA/QC passed specifications for all UVOST® logs. Soil sampling was not conducted during the time that UVOST® was on location. High Resolution Site Characterization Report – UVOST® Circle K 2723970, Kings Mountain, NC Project No.: 0002.18 4 4.0 LIMITATIONS The analysis and opinions expressed in this report are based upon data obtained from the specific test locations and from other information discussed in this report. Exceptions, if any, are discussed in the accompanying comments section of this report. This report is prepared for the exclusive use of our client for specific application to the project discussed and has been prepared in accordance with generally accepted practices. Reported results shall not be reproduced, except in full, without written approval of Dakota. No warranties, expressed or implied are intended or made. Appendix A UVOST®® Field Summary Log Pre-Probe Final Depth Max Signal Max Signal Initial RE BackgroundFile Log ID Date / Time(ft) (ft) (%RE)Depth (ft)Area (pVs)Area (pVs)LIF-C.5,02.5 1/10/2018 11:31 1 15.1 16 7.4 10192 28 6.4-11.8 spikeyLIF-D02.25 1/10/2018 10:37 1 15.1 5 0.1 10575 89 5.4-9.1 low spikeyLIF-D02.5 1/10/2018 10:56 1 21.1 16 10.2 10740 60 5.3-11.0 spikeyLIF-D02 1/9/2018 9:49 1 21.3 10 12.2 10546 27 10.3-13.2LIF-D02R 1/9/2018 17:25 1 17.9 3 0.2 10709 60 NALIF-D03 1/9/2018 13:10 1 15.3 304 6.6 10166 40 6.4-8.6LIF-D04 1/9/2018 16:58 1 15.1 3 0.4 10233 48 NALIF-E.25,02 1/10/2018 15:48 1 2.6 4 0.4 10721 53 NALIF-E.5,02.5 1/10/2018 13:31 1 15.1 30 6.6 10089 35 5.3-10.6LIF-E.5,02 1/10/2018 15:39 1 2.3 4 0.0 10721 53 NALIF-E.5,03.25 1/10/2018 12:07 1 6.9 175 3.6 10870 58 3.4-4.6, 6.2-6.5 lowLIF-E.5,03.5 1/10/2018 11:52 1 4.8 223 4.8 10103 57 1.4-4.8LIF-E.5,03 1/10/2018 12:22 1 7.2 8 6.9 10356 59 2.8, 6.1-6.2, 6.5-7.2LIF-E03 1/9/2018 13:35 1 4.6 5 0.0 10501 48 3.4 lowLIF-E04 1/9/2018 16:29 1 16.4 12 4.2 10533 48 1.1-1.6, 4.1-5.5LIF-F.75,02 1/10/2018 10:14 1 15.1 4 0.3 10097 61 NALIF-F03 1/9/2018 13:50 1 15.1 2 0.3 10101 47 NALIF-F04 1/9/2018 15:25 1 12.0 92 4.3 10164 54 4.0-6.5,7.6-11.8LIF-G.75,02 1/10/2018 9:45 1 15.1 6 0.3 10113 56 6.6 lowLIF-G.75,03.25 1/10/2018 8:41 1 15.2 6 0.3 10606 69 NALIF-G.9,03.5 1/9/2018 15:05 1 15.1 158 7.0 10407 47 2.2-4.1, 6.7-9.4LIF-G03.5 1/9/2018 14:39 1 15.1 90 6.9 10035 38 5.9-10.0, 11.5 lowLIF-G03 1/9/2018 14:13 1 15.1 9 0.4 10791 52 1.0-1.9LIF-H03 1/10/2018 9:04 1 15.2 8 0.1 10332 60 1.1-1.5 lowLIF-I03.25 1/10/2018 9:25 1 15.4 6 0.1 10930 76 8.3-11.0 ?Total Footage (this sheet)329.0(1) Signal response from 0 to 1 foot may not be representative of actual conditions due to pre-probingFluorescenceTop - BottomUVOST®-EC Field Summary LogCircle K 2723970Kings Mountain, NC Appendix B UVOST®® at 10% RE Appendix C UVOST®® Logs at % RE Autoscaled Appendix D UVOST®® Reference Log EŽƚĞ EŽƚĞ EŽƚĞ DĂŝŶWůŽƚ͗ 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