9809_WilsonCDLF_1LFGPlan_20220705

DocuSign Envelope ID: 51374604-7E6B-4838-BDE9-087DC5433522
Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan
Westside CAD Landfill — Area 2
Wilson, North Carolina
Prepared for:
Wilson County Solid Waste Services Department
Wilson, North Carolina
C1
July 2020
(Revised June 2022)
Prepared by:
SMITH GARDNER
14 N. Boylan Avenue, Raleigh NC 27603 1 919.828.0577
PRINTED ON 100% RECYCLED PAPER
BARTLETT
ENGINEERINCN SURMNI A
02022Smith Gardner, Inc.
This document is intended for the sole use of the client for which it was prepared and
for the purpose agreed upon by the client and Smith Gardner; Inc.

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DocuSign Envelope ID: 51374604-7E6B-4838-BDE9-087DC5433522
Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan
Westside CH Landfill - Area 2
Wilson, North Carolina
Prepared For:
Wilson County Solid Waste Services Department
Wilson, North Carolina
S+G Project No. Wilson-20-1
DocuSigned by:
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Joan A. Smyth, P.G.
Senior Hydrogeologist
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DocuSigned by:. Atlawt
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VV. Michael Brinchek, P.E.
Senior Project Manager
July 2020
(Revised June 2022)
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SMITH GARDNER
14 N. Boylan Avenue, Raleigh NC 27603 1 919.828.0577

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Westside CEO Landfill — Area 2
Wilson, North Carolina
Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan
Table of Contents
Paqe
1.0 INTRODUCTION.....................................................................................................................1
1.1
Regulatory Requirements - C&D Landfills..............................................................1
1.2
Guidance Document..................................................................................................2
1.3
Contact Information..................................................................................................2
1.3.1 Owner............................................................................................................2
1.3.2 Engineer........................................................................................................2
1.3.3 North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality (NC DEQ) ................3
1.4
Existing Site Conditions............................................................................................3
1.4.1 Site Geology..................................................................................................3
1.4.2 Local Groundwater Regime..........................................................................4
2.0 MONITORING
PROGRAM......................................................................................................5
2.1
Monitoring Frequency...............................................................................................5
2.2
Proposed Monitoring Network.................................................................................5
2.2.3 LFG Monitoring Well Construction...............................................................5
2.3
Monitoring and Reporting.........................................................................................5
2.3.1 Personnel......................................................................................................6
2.3.2 Equipment.....................................................................................................6
2.3.3 Procedures....................................................................................................6
2.3.4 Precautionary Action Plan............................................................................7
2.3.5 Record Keeping.............................................................................................8
2.4
Maintenance..............................................................................................................8
3.0 CONTINGENCY PLAN............................................................................................................9
3.1
Immediate Action Plan..............................................................................................9
3.1.1 Reporting and Documentation.....................................................................9
3.2
Remediation Plan......................................................................................................9
FIGURES
Figure 1 Site Monitoring Plan
Figure 2 Flowchart of Methane Monitoring Requirements
APPENDIX
Appendix A Reporting Form
Wilson County Westside CGG Landfill -Area 2 Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan
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Wilson County Westside CGS Landfill —Area 2 Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan
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1.0 INTRODUCTION
This Landfill Gas (LFG) Monitoring Plan (plan) was prepared by Smith Gardner, Inc. to describe
the LFG monitoring program at the Wilson County Westside Construction & Demolition Debris
(C&D) Landfill Area 2 expansion, which is located off of NC Hwy 42 East in Wilson, North
Carolina. The Area 2 expansion encompasses approximately 17.2 acres. This plan describes
the necessary procedures to satisfy applicable regulatory requirements (see Section 1.1) for
landfill gas monitoring.
The Engineer has utilized the best available site data, practices, experience, and judgment to
develop this plan. However, the plan may require modifications over time to accommodate
changing landfill conditions, changing receptors in areas adjacent to and around the landfill, or
other conditions that cannot be fully anticipated.
Uncontrolled migration of LFG (particularly methane (CHA can result in loss of life or property,
injury, vegetative damage, and/or intolerable odors. Landfill monitoring includes exposure to
explosive gases. Monitoring personnel should be specifically trained in the management and
response for situations such as fire or explosion and confined space entry and possess an
awareness of changing conditions around the landfill.
Note that this plan does not address landfill gas collection and control, air quality, or other
related landfill gas regulations or requirements which may be applicable to this site at present
or in the future.
1.1 Regulatory Requirements — COD Landfills
The North Carolina Solid Waste Management Rules (C&D Landfills: 15A NCAC 13B.0544
(d)) requires the following for facilities having a C&D Landfill:
Owners or operators of C&D landfill units must ensure that:
o the concentration of methane or other explosive gases generated by the
facility does not exceed 25% of the lower explosive limit (LEL) (1.25%
methane; 1 % hydrogen sulfide) in facility structures (excluding gas
control or recovery system components); and
o the concentration of methane or other explosive gases does not exceed
the LEL (5% methane; 4% hydrogen sulfide) at the facility property
boundary.
• Owners or operators of C&D landfill units must implement a routine monitoring
program and perform monitoring on at least a quarterly basis.
If regulatory limits for concentrations of methane or other explosive gasses are
exceeded, a contingency plan must be implemented for the protection of human
health and safety.
Wilson County Westside CGS Landfill -Area 2 Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan
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1.2 Guidance Document
This plan was developed generally following the Landfill Gas Monitoring Guidance
document prepared by the North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality (NC
DEQ), Division of Waste Management (DWM)'.
1.3 Contact Information
All correspondence and questions concerning this plan should be directed to the
appropriate contact below:
1.3.1 Owner
Wilson County Solid Waste Services Department
2400 NC Hwy 42 East
Wilson, NC 27893
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
Contact: Andy Davis, Director
adavisfawi[son -co.com
1.3.2 En ineer
Smith Gardner, Inc.
14 N. Boylan Avenue
Raleigh, North Carolina 27603
Phone: [phone]
Contacts: Joan A. Smyth, P.G., Senior Hydrogeologist
ioanfasmithgardnerinc.com
W. Michael Brinchek, P.E., Senior Project Manager
mikefasmithaardnerinc.com
NC DEQ DWM (2010), "Landfill Gas Monitoring Guidance", NC DEQ DWM Solid Waste Section, November
2010.
Wilson County Westside CGS Landfill -Area 2 Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan
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1.3.3 North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality (NC DEQ)
Division of Waste Management (DWM) - Solid Waste Section:
North Carolina DEQ - Raleigh Central Office
217 W. Jones Street
Raleigh, NC 27603
1646 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1646
Phone: [phone]
Contact
Contact
1.4 Existing Site Conditions
Ms. Christine Ritter
Christine. Ritter(dncdenr.gov
John College - Environmental Specialist
John.collegeCancdenr.gov
The site is located off of NC Highway 42 near Wilson, North Carolina approximately one
mile east of Highway 301. The C&D landfill is permitted to serve Wilson County.
The Westside C&D landfill facility encompasses approximately 700 acres owned by
Wilson County.The permitted facility is bounded to the north by NC Hwy 42; to the west
by a small subdivision, O'Brain Tarping and Fulford and Jones Asphalt Plant; to the
south and west by Toisnot Swamp; and to the east by Landfill Road and other subdivision
developments. Area 2 is situated in the uplands above Toisnot Swamp, andhas Buck
Branch, which drains to the Toisnot Swamp, to the east (see Figure 1).
Maximum ground elevations in the expansion area are approximately El. 112, and gently
slopes to the south and more sharply to the east toward Buck Branch. The eastern
quarter of the proposed expansion area drains to the east, while the remaining footprint
drains to the south. The facility location and existing site conditions are shown on Figure
1.
1.4.1 Site Geolo
The WestsideC&D expansion sits within the North Carolina Coastal Plain. The
coastal plain is characterized as an eastward thickening wedge of sedimentary
layers that alternate between sandy aquifers an aquitards. Information taken
from The Geologic Map of North Carolina, 1985 shows that the Westside C&D
Expansion is underlain by the Yorktown Formation, which is described as
"fossillifferous clay with varying amounts of fine-grained sand, silty sand, sandy
silt, silty clay, and blueish gray shell material"
No unusual geologic features or conditions were identified during recent or prior
site studies.
Wilson County Westside CGS Landfill -Area 2 Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan
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1.4.2 Local Groundwater Reoime
Groundwater in the upper -most aquifer generally flows through unconsolidated
sediments. Recharge occurs generally in the northern portion of the site and is
limited on slopes. Groundwater generally flows south where it discharges into
Toisnot Swamp and to the east where it discharges to Buck Branch. The
groundwater potentiometric surface generally reflects a subdued expression of
the surface topography. Local conditions are considered typical for coastal plain
region.
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2.0 MONITORING PROGRAM
This section of the LFG Monitoring Plan addresses each aspect of the monitoring program
including monitoring frequency, monitoring network, and monitoring and reporting procedures.
2.1 Monitoring Frequency
Routine LFG monitoring will be conducted on a quarterly basis analyzing for methane
and hydrogen sulfide at all landfill gas monitoring wells and facility structures..
2.2 Proposed Monitoring Network
Area 2 is comprised of five (5) phases, and is bounded to the east by Buck Branch and
Toisnot Swamp to the south. Surface water bodies are natural barriers to the migration
of landfill gas and therefore, the network proposed is focused to the north and east.
Proposed monitoring locations are shown on Figure 1 and are summarized in the
following LFG monitoring network schedule below.
Westside C&D Landfill - Area 2
LFG Monitoring Network Schedule
Proposed Mo itoring Locations
Scalehouse
Maintenance Shop
GP-4
GP-5
GP-6
GP-7
If desired by the County, a dedicated methane monitor may be installed within one or
more of the structures to be monitored, or quarterly manual monitoring may be
performed.
2.2.3 LFG Monitorino Well Construction
Proposed LFG monitoring wells will be installed to approximately groundwater
depth, estimated from nearby groundwater monitoring wells. Wells will be
screened with 2-inch diameter 10-slot PVC well screen from the total well depth
to between 5 feet and 10 feet below grade. Each well will be completed with solid
PVC riser pipe, a well cap fitted with a stopcock valve or quick connect fitting, and
a locking outer steel casing.
2.3 Monitoring and Reporting
Monitoring and reporting of LFG concentrations will be performed as outlined below.
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2.3.1 Personnel
LFG monitoring will be performed by personnel who are familiar with the
requirements of this plan and who are trained in LFG hazards and explosive gas
meter use. As practical, a designated technician will be assigned to regular LFG
monitoring duty.
2.3.2 Equipment
A portable gas analyzer (or equivalent) will be used to monitor LFG wells and
facility structures. This analyzer, which is calibrated to methane (CH4), operates
using the infrared spectral property of methane to measure concentrations in
air. Measurements of oxygen (02) and carbon dioxide (CO2) will also be made
with this meter. This meter may be used in oxygen deficient areas (less than
10% 021 since oxygen is not required for a chemical combustion of flammable
gases within the meter. Note that a separate analyzer may be required for
measurement of hydrogen sulfide.
On the day of monitoring, prior to monitoring activities, this meter will be field
calibrated. Additionally, all monitoring equipment should be regularly calibrated
in accordance with manufacturer's specifications and operated only as
instructed.
2.3.3 Procedures
Prior to each monitoring event, the portable gas analyzer will be calibrated with a
known calibration standard in accordance with manufacturer's
recommendations. General information related to the monitoring event,
equipment used, calibration procedures, weather conditions, and results for
each monitoring event will be recorded on the landfill gas monitoring data form
(see Appendix A).
The following steps outline the procedure for the monitoring of LFG monitoring
wells and facility structures:
Check calibration date on the meter and calibrate according to the
manufacturer's instructions; allowing equipment to warm up properly
prior to use, per manufacturers direction.
Purge sample tube before monitoring following the manufacturer's
instructions and until detected levels of CH4, 02, and CO2 return to
ambient air.
LFG Monitorina Wells:
o Connect instrument tubing to sample port on the monitoring well
without removing the cap.
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o Open the valve and record both the initial and stabilized methane
concentrations. A stabilized concentration will not vary more than
0.5 percent by volume on the instrument's scale. Also record the
oxygen concentration and the carbon dioxide concentration. Also
record the hydrogen sulfide concentration (where applicable).
o Close the valve and disconnect the tubing.
o Record monitoring data on the LFG monitoring data form provided
in Appendix A.
o If a methane or hydrogen sulfide concentration is greater than
50% of the LEL (2.5% CH4 or 2% H2S1, monitoring personnel
should implement the Precautionary Action Plan (see Section
2.3.4).
o If both initial and stabilized methane and hydrogen sulfide
concentrations are less than 50% of the LEL (2.5% CH4 or 2% HZS),
move to next LFG monitoring well.
Structures.
o Walk through the facility structure with a methane analyzer and
monitor the perimeter wall interface of the structure, the floor to
wall interface in hallways and rooms, and any floor penetrations in
the structure. Record the initial and stabilized methane
concentrations, oxygen concentration, and carbon dioxide
concentration. Also record the hydrogen sulfide concentration
(where applicable).
o Record monitoring data on the LFG monitoring data form provided
in Appendix A.
o Notify the Landfill Manager and the Engineer for any methane or
hydrogen sulfide concentration greater than 0% of the LEL.
/FA STABILIZED METHANE OR HYDROGEN SULFIDE CONCENTRA T/ON /S
GREA TER THAN 100% OF THE LEL IN LFG MON/TOR/NG WELL OR GREA TER
THAN25% OFTHE LEL IN FACILITY5TRUCTURE, THE FOL L 0 WING A C TIONS
WILL BE IMPLEMENTED:
1) Recalibrate monitoring equipment and confirm results.
2) If results are confirmed, IMMEDIATELY contact the Landfill Manager and
the Engineer.
3) Implement the Immediate Action Plan located in Section 3.1.
2.3.4 Precautionary Action Plan
If a stabilized methane or hydrogen sulfide concentration is equal to or greater
than 50% of the LEL in a LFG monitoring well, monitoring personnel should
perform the following additional steps at this location:
• Measure gas pressure in the well head (in inches of water) using
magnehelic gauge or other appropriate metering device.
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• Record at least one additional methane and/or hydrogen sulfide
concentration measurement, inside the well just below the top of casing.
• Evaluate the surrounding area for potential receptors to or signs of LFG
migration. LFG can stress vegetation and can kill trees and grass by root
asphyxiation. Note stressed/dead vegetation areas on the monitoring
form.
• Notify the Landfill Manager and the Engineer for further evaluation.
2.3.5 Record Keeping
Routine LFG monitoring events will be documented on the LFG monitoring data
form provided in Appendix A. Completed forms will be placed in the landfill
operating record located at the landfill office. These forms will be available for
review by DWM personnel on request.
Documentation of any contingency plan actions (see Section 3.0) will also be kept
in the operating record.
2.4 Maintenance
Periodic maintenance and site observations will be conducted routinely to address
monitoring program components (at a minimum):
Maintain access to LFG monitoring locations.
Perform LFG monitoring well maintenance (maintain well locks, steel casing,
concrete pad, etc.).
Observe landfill cover conditions, areas of dead vegetation, leachate seeps,
odors, etc. as indications of potential LFG-related problems.
Note deficiencies on the monitoring forms and report to the Landfill Manager for repair
or replacement as necessary.
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3.0 CONTINGENCY PLAN
If a stabilized methane or hydrogen sulfide concentration is greater than 100% of the LEL in a
LFG monitoring well or greater than 25% of the LEL in a facility structure, the County will
perform both an immediate action and plan and a remediation plan as described below and as
summarized on Figure 2.
3.1 Immediate Action Plan
The Landfill Manager will perform the following actions for the protection of human
health and safety:
1) Evacuate affected facility structures and the immediately surrounding area.
2) Determine nearby potential receptors (facility and off -site structures).
3) Perform monitoring in any other facility structure near the monitoring location
having the high concentration.
4) Contact the local Fire Department (911). Coordinate evaluation of potentially
affected off -site structures with the Fire Department.
5) Verbally notify the Public Utilities Director, or his designee.
6) Verbally notify the DWM (see Section 1.1) as soon as practical.
7) Investigate and identify the potential source(s) and conduit(s) for LFG migration
that may have caused the high concentration (i.e. the path that the LFG may be
taking to the monitoring location).
8) Identify the LFG extent using bar hole punch sampling methodology or other
applicable alternative method as practical.
9) As appropriate, begin corrective action to control methane concentrations in
structures surrounding the landfill site.
3.1.1 Reporting and Documentation
Within fourteen days of the detection of a high methane and/or hydrogen sulfide
concentration, the County will prepare and submit an Environmental Monitoring
Reporting Form (see Appendix A) with the results of the monitoring event to the
DWM. The County will also place a description of the actions performed to
protect human health in the operating record.
3.2 Remediation Plan
Within sixty days of the detection of a high methane and/or hydrogen sulfide
concentration, a remediation plan describing the problem nature, extent, and proposed
remedy will be prepared and submitted to the DWM for approval. Upon approval, the
plan will be implemented and a copy will be placed in the operating record. The DWM
will also be notified the plan has been implemented.
An extension may be granted by the DWM after a written request.
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Figures
Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan
Westside CSD Landfill — Area 2
Wilson, North Carolina

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[=MONITORING FREQUENCY
RTERLY
METHANE CONCENTRATION MUST NOT EXCEED:
1. 25% OF THE LEL IN FACILITY STRUCTURES; AND
2. 100% OF THE LEL AT THE FACILITY PROPERTY BOUNDARY.
IF METHANE CONCENTRATION EXCEEDS EITHER OF THE ABOVE,
THE OWNER MUST:
i
RECALIBRATE METER AND CONFIRM READINGS
(SEE SECTION 2.3.4 OF LFG MANAGEMENT PLAN)
IF CONFIRMED READINGS EXCEED LIMITS,
(SEE SECTION 3.0 OF THE LFG MANAGEMENT PLAN) AND::
1. IMMEDIATELY:
TAKE STEPS TO ENSURE
PROTECTION OF HUMAN
HEALTH AND SAFETY
SMITH+ NOTIFY THE
ENGINEER AND
GARDNER DIVISION WITHIN
24 HOURS
LADD21TIONAL
LUATE THE NEED FOR
MONITORING
2. WITHIN 7 DAYS.
PLACE THE METHANE
READINGS AND STEPS TAKEN
TO PROTECT HUMAN HEALTH
IN THE OPERATING RECORD
METHANE MONITORING REQUIREMENT
FLOWCHART
WILSO N EDUNTYAREA 2
CEO LANDFILL
WITHIN 60 DAYS:
PREPARE A REMEDIATION
PLAN. SUBMIT PLAN TO
NCDENR FOR APPROVAL. UPON
APPROVAL, IMPLEMENT PLAN.
PLACE A COPY OF THE
REMEDIATION PLAN IN THE
OPERATING RECORD, AND
1
NOTIFY THE DIVISION THAT
THE PLAN HAS BEEN
IMPLEMENTED
NC LIC. NO. F-13701ENGINEERINGI
SMITH GARDNER
14 N. Boylan Avenue, Raleigh NC 27603 1919.828.0577
R.V.M. I J.A.S. I N.T.S
Jul 2020 1 WILSON 20-1
WILSON-AO020
© 2020 Smith Gardner, Inc.

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Appendix A
Landfill Gas Monitoring Form
Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan
Westside CSD Landfill — Area 2
Wilson, North Carolina

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NC Division of Waste Management - Solid Waste Section
Landfill Gas Monitoring Data Form
Notice: This form and any information attached to it are "Public Records" as defined in NC General Statute 132-1. As such,
these documents are available for inspection and examination by any person upon request (NC General Statute 132-6).
Facility Name:
Date of Sampling:
Name and Position of Sample Collector:
Type and Serial Number of Gas Meter:
Date and Time of Field Calibration:
Permit Number:
NC Landfill Rule (.0500 or .1600):
Type of Field Calibration Gas (15115 or 35/50):
Pump Rate of Gas Meter:
Ambient Air Temperature: Barometric Pressure:
Calibration Date of Gas Meter:
Expiration Date of Field Calibration Gas Canister:
General Weather Conditions:
Instructions: Under "Location or LEG Well" identify the monitoring wells or describe the location for other tests (e.g., inside
buildings). A drawing showing the location of test must be attached. Report methane readings in both % LEL and % methane
by volume. A reading in percent methane by volume can be converted to % LEL as follows: % methane by volume = %
LEL/20
Location or
LEG Wen ID
Sample Tube
Purge
Time
Time
Pumped (s)
Initial
°iuLEL
Stabilized
° oLEL
° oCHd
by.
Volume
%02
%CO2
Notes
If your facility has more gas monitoring locations than there is room on this form, please attach additional sheets listing the
same information as contained on this form.
Certification
To the best of my knowledge, the information reported and statements made on this data submittal and attachments
are true and correct. I am aware that there are significant penalties for making any false statement, representation, or
certification including the possibility of a fine and imprisonment.
SIGNATURE
TITLE
16

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