20013_Kinston Shirt Factory_DM_20180814

DECISION MEMORANDUM
DATE: August 14, 2018
FROM: Sharon Poissant Eckard, PG
TO: BF Assessment File
RE: Kinston Shirt Factory
Kinston, Lenoir County
BF # 20013-16-054
Based on the following information, it has been determined that the above referenced
site, whose intended reuse is for no uses other than high density residential, retail, office,
parking, and with DEQ approval, other commercial uses, can be made suitable for its
intended reuse.
Introduction:
The Brownfields Property is comprised of 15 parcels totaling 7.92 acres (surveyor needs
to resurvey one parcel). The City of Kinston, the Prospective Developer (PD) of the
Brownfields Property, acquired the 15 parcels at various dates starting from 1987 through
2017. The Brownfields Property's main parcel (Parcel 2) was occupied by several textile
mill operators. Kinston Cotton Mills, which later became Kinston Shirt Factory started
operating on the site from 1901 and continued operations under various operator names
until 1994. The other 13 parcels were owned and operated by various small businesses or
were residential properties. Currently all 14 parcels are vacant. A list of the property
parcels follows.
Parcel References
Parcel Address
Acreage
Parcel Identification
Number
1
A
E. King Street
1.25
4525-1951-8968
2
B
501 East Caswell Street
3.84
4525-1952-8317
3
C
412 %2 East Caswell Street
0.22
4525-1552-3799
4
D
414 East Caswell Street
0.14
4525-1552-4747
5
E
416 East Caswell Street
0.17
4525-1552-4797
6
F
20 East Caswell Street
0.16
4525-1552-5747
7
G
1502 East Caswell Street
0.17
4525-1552-6767
8
H
1510 East Caswell Street
0.20
4525-1552-8758
9
I
1512 East Caswell Street
0.19
4525-1552-9708
10
J
514 East Caswell Street
0.20
4525-1552-9758
11
K
516 East Caswell Street
0.14
4525-1562-0707
12
L
Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard
0.12
4525-1562-1851
13
M
604 East Caswell Street
0.12
4525-1562-1754
14
N
Vast Caswell Street
0.62
4525-1552-5507
15
-[East
Caswell Street
0.38
None assigned

Total Acreage 7.54
Redevelopment Plans:
The City of Kinston would like to market the Brownfields Property for redevelopment;
however, an interested developer has not yet been identified. Previous discussions have
centered on the City's desire of a mixed use development with retail, including possibly a
grocery store and pharmacy, commercial, office and high density residential components.
Site History:
Parcel 1 was in its early development by 1901 as a sawmill and log yard, which would
later be referenced as the Hines Brothers Lumber Company. The sawmill on Parcel 1 was
also removed by 1948 and replaced by lumber piles. It continued to be affiliated with the
Hines Lumber Co. operations located immediately east of Parcel 1.
Parcel 2 was partially developed by Orion Knitting Mills on the north side and Kinston
Cotton Mills on the south side of this parcel prior to 1901. Dyeing and finishing
operations occurred in the northeastern corner of Parcel 2. Boilers and a machine shop
were located in the central area of Parcel 2, as was a railroad spur that extended into the
center of this parcel. Operations were expanded over the years under various operators,
but was generally always used for the manufacture of men's shirts or work clothes. For a
time, a cotton warehouse on Parcel 2 was used for the storage of corn, and a feed mill
operated along S. Tiffany Avenue.
The dyeing and finishing processing that had been located in the northeastern area of
Parcel 2 appear to have been discontinued by 1948. By 1958, the Lenoir Shirt Co., Inc.
was operating on Parcel 2. From 1964 through at least 1995, Hampton Industries, Inc.
purchased the Kinston Shirt Company and the Sampson Manufacturing Co., and
continued operations as the Kinston Shirt Factory. By 1978, the northwestern and
southern portions of Parcel 2 were being used for parking purposes. Textile
manufacturing operations ceased after 1995. Three underground storage tanks (USTs)
are associated with this parcel; two fuel oil USTs and one gasoline. The gasoline and one
of the fuel oil USTs were removed from the property in 1993 and the third UST, which
was originally closed in place was removed in 2016. Specific chemical and dye
compounds in use at the facility are not known. Plant structures on Parcel 2 fell into
disrepair and by 2008 had been razed leaving only the concrete slab foundations.
Parcels 3 through 13 were primarily residential starting in the early 1900s with what
appears to be offices on Parcel 3, a restaurant on Parcel 6, and a grocery or other store on
a portion of Parcel 12 over the years. An underground gasoline storage tank (UST) is
noted in front of the property at 416 1/2 E. Caswell Street on the 1930 Sanborn Map, but
is not noted in later available maps.
A grocery and dwellings have been located in the most northeastern corner of the
Brownfields Property (Parcels 12 and 13) from at least 1908 until 1958 and into the
1980s, respectively. It is not known whether one or more USTs may have been located
PA

on these parcels.
The residential buildings along E. Caswell Street fell into disrepair and many were
demolished by the late 1970s.
Parcel 14 was the location of the Union Station bus station from before 1925 through at
least 1958. The bus station was demolished by sometime prior to 1965.
Parcel 15 was formerly S. Davis Street until approximately 1960 and a railroad easement
until it was abandoned in 1996.
Historic operations in the site vicinity have included a railroad freight station located
north of the residential parcels in the northwestern area of the Brownfields Property from
at least 1901 through the 1950s or 1960s. By 1919, the East End Hose House is located
immediately north of the Brownfields Property along N. Tiffany Avenue, but by 1925,
this is referred to as the Fire Department Station No. 2. This fire station was operated in
this location at least through 1988. A dry-cleaning business operated immediately west of
the residential parcels on E. Caswell Street by 1948, and coal yard and oil distribution
businesses (the Carey A. J. Oil Co., Inc. and the Carey J. W. Coal Co.) operated on E.
Gordon Street, one block north of the residential properties that are situated along E.
Caswell Street. Through the 1960s and until at least 1983, the coal and oil businesses
operated side by side. In 1988, the Eastside Cleaners operated along E. Gordon Street, to
the north of the residential properties as well.
Currently a gasoline station and convenience store is located at the intersection of Martin
Luther King Jr. Blvd and E. Gordon Street, to the north of the Brownfields Property,
hydrologically up -gradient from Parcels 12 and 13. Historically, this site operated five
USTs that were installed on April 18, 1982. These were removed on December 21, 1988
and replaced on the same day with four 4,000-gallon USTs that contain kerosene and
gasoline.
Potential Receptors:
A Brownfields Receptor Survey identified several receptors within a 1,000 to 1,500-foot
radius from the Brownfields Property, including 1) the Southeast Elementary School
(within a 1000-foot radius to the southern extent of the Brownfields Property; and 2) two
potential private water supply wells, located at 502 Lincoln Street and 618 Lincoln Street,
approximately 1,300 and 1,400 feet south of the Brownfields Property, respectively.
Potential on -site receptors include construction workers, future onsite workers, future
residents, visitors, and trespassers.
Contaminated Media Summary:
DEQ has evaluated data collected from the following media at the subject property: soil,
groundwater, and sub -slab soil gas. DEQ relies on the following data to base its
conclusions regarding the subject property and its suitability for its intended reuse.

Soil
Soil sampling focused on the parcel with the known industrial history. Soil from Parcel 2
was assessed during UST excavation activities in 1994/1995 in the areas of the USTs,
and in 2016 across Parcel 2. Based on technical reports, we believe that most
contaminated soil on Parcel 2 was removed from the property during UST excavation
activities; residual soil contamination exists with respect to the polynuclear aromatic
hydrocarbon (PAH) compound benzo(a)pyrene, detected (J values) in two soil samples at
Parcel 2 just over its residential screening level of 0.11 milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg)
ranging from 0.15J — 0.17J mg/kg. Data from 1993 indicate that total petroleum
hydrocarbons (TPH) as gasoline was detected in subsurface soil (approximately 7 ft
below ground surface (bgs)) in samples near the ends of the former gasoline UST; it is
likely that these concentrations (5,600-8,300 mg/kg) have attenuated over time.
Groundwater
Most groundwater data were collected on Parcel 2 in association with the UST
investigations and for the EPA Brownfields Assessment or for the NC Brownfields
Agreement. Groundwater was sampled in 1994, 1995, 2016, and 2017. Groundwater data
collected in 2017 included certain parcels contiguous to Parcel 2.
In 1994/1995, concentrations of petroleum hydrocarbon compounds, particularly
benzene, ethylbenzene, naphthalene, toluene, total xylenes, and lead in one well were
detected in excess of their respective NC Groundwater 2L standards in the areas impacted
by the former USTs at Parcel 2. Groundwater data collected in 2016 on Parcel 2 did not
confirm the 1994/1995 detections, suggesting that the petroleum hydrocarbons have
attenuated with time.
Groundwater water sampling conducted at the boundary of Parcels 12 & 13 (well MA-
W-10) indicate a significant impact from petroleum hydrocarbons compounds, with
benzene in this well (6,800 µg/L) exceeding the DEQ UST Section's Gross Contaminant
Level (GCL). Other compounds detected in this well at concentrations that exceed their
respective NC2L standards are ethylbenzene (1,800 µg/L), naphthalene (280 µg/L),
propyl benzene (150 µg/L), toluene (11,000 µg/L), 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene (970 µg/L),
and total xylenes (8,800 µg/L).
Concentrations up to 77 µg/L of the chlorinated volatile organic compound
trichloroethene (TCE) were detected in groundwater samples from wells MW-1 through
MW-7 on Parcel 2 in 1994 and 1995, but TCE was not detected in groundwater samples
obtained in 2016 on Parcel 2. This suggests that TCE concentrations in groundwater on
Parcel 2 have attenuated with time.
Low concentrations of the chlorinated volatile organic compound tetrachloroethylene
(PCE) that are just over the NC 2L standard of 0.7 µg/L were detected in wells MA-W-4
(1.7 µg/L), MA-W-7 (1.4 µg/L), and MA-W-8 (0.9 µg/L) installed on Parcels 2 (south
side), Parcel 1 (former lumber yard/sawmill), and Parcel 3 (northwesternmost parcel near
a former dry cleaner), respectively.
2

Risk Calculations
Risk calculations were performed using the DWM Risk Calculator (February 2018
version). Three separate risk calculators were created based on the age and distribution of
the data at the Brownfields Property.
The first calculator is based on groundwater data collected from well MA-W-10 only;
this well was installed and sampled in 2017 on a portion of the Brownfields Property
(boundary between Parcels 12 and 13, also known as Parcel L/M) where neither
groundwater or soil had been sampled at the time of the previous assessment. Whether
the contamination is from a former on -site source or is associated with an upgradient
release(s) from a gas station is not known.
The risk calculator results indicate that groundwater concentrations exceed both
carcinogenic and non -cancer risk for residential and non-residential exposure scenarios,
such that groundwater from this site should not be used for any purpose. The
groundwater concentrations also suggest that there is a potential for a VOC vapor
intrusion pathway for enclosed structures overlying this area for both residential and non-
residential exposure scenarios. Currently this portion of the Brownfields Property
(Parcels 12 & 13) does not have structures on it; any new construction would have to
abide by the vapor intrusion provisions in the BFA, either by collecting additional data to
more completely evaluate the risk of vapor intrusion or by incorporating vapor intrusion
mitigation into any new construction foundation design.
5

Summary of Risk Assessment Output I � 1
Version Date: February 2018
Basis: November 2017 EPA RSL Table
Site ID: 20013-16-54
Exposure Unit ID: Parcel L - Well MA-W-10
PRIMARY CALCULATORS
Receptor
Pathway
Carcinogenic
Risk
Hazard Index
Riskcxcceded?
Resident
Soil Combined Pathways
0.0E+00
0.0E+00
NO
Groundwater Combined Pathways*
1.8E-02
3.3E+02
YES
Non -Residential Worker
Soil Combined Pathways
0.0E+00
0.0E+00
NO
Groundwater Combined Pathways*
4.2E-03
7.4E+01
YES
Construction Worker
Soil Combined Pathways
0.0E+00
0.0E+00
NO
User Defined
Soil Combined Pathways
0.0E+00
0.0E+00
NO
Surface Water Combined Pathways*
0.0E+00
0.0E+00
NO
VAPOR INTRUSION CALCULATORS
Receptor
Pathway
CarcinogenicRisk
Hazard Index
Risk exceeded?
Resident
Groundwater to Indoor Air
4.9E-03
8.0E+01
YES
Soil Gas to Indoor Air
0.0E+00
0.0E+00
NO
Indoor Air
0.0E+00
0.0E+00
NO
Non -Residential Worker
Groundwater to Indoor Air
1.1E-03
1.9E+01
YES
Soil Gas to Indoor Air
0.0E+00
0.0E+00
NO
Indoor Air
0.0E+00
0.0E+00
NO
The second risk calculator is based on soil, groundwater, and soil gas data (Parcel J only)
from all investigations (1994 — 2017) from all parcels other than Parcel L/M on which
well MA-W-10 is located. As discussed above certain of these VOC detections were not
confirmed by sampling on Parcel 2 in 2016. Based on using all these data, historic and
recent, groundwater concentrations exceed both carcinogenic risk and non -cancer risk for
both residential and non-residential exposure scenarios. Existing soil (Parcel 2 only) and
soil gas (Parcel J only) data do not indicate an unacceptable environmental risk at these
locations.
Co

Summary of Risk Assessment Output I � 1
Version Date: February 2018
Basis: November 2017 EPA RSL Table
Site ID: 20013-16-54
Exposure Unit ID: All Parcels Excl Parcel L
PRIMARY CALCULATORS
Receptor
Pathway
Carcinogenic
Risk
Hazard Index
Riskcxcceded?
Resident
Soil Combined Pathways
2.2E-06
3.2E-02
NO
Groundwater Combined Pathways*
1.7E-03
8.0E+01
YES
Non -Residential Worker
Soil Combined Pathways
1.3E-07
4.8E-03
NO
Groundwater Combined Pathways*
4.2E-04
1.9E+01
YES
Construction Worker
Soil Combined Pathways
1.7E-08
8.4E-02
NO
User Defined
Soil Combined Pathways
1.2E-06
5.1E-02
NO
Surface Water Combined Pathways*
0.0E+00
0.0E+00
NO
VAPOR INTRUSION CALCULATORS
Receptor
Pathway
CarcinogenicRisk
Hazard Index
Risk exceeded?
Resident
Groundwater to Indoor Air
4.7E-04
3.2E+01
YES
Soil Gas to Indoor Air
8.4E-07
4.9E-02
NO
Indoor Air
0.0E+00
0.0E+00
NO
Non -Residential Worker
Groundwater to Indoor Air
1.0E-04
7.6E+00
YES
Soil Gas to Indoor Air
6.4E-08
3.9E-03
NO
Indoor Air
0.0E+00
0.0E+00
NO
Because the 2016 data did not confirm the contaminant conditions in groundwater
observed in 1994/1995 at Parcel 2, we ran a third risk calculator that includes only the
recent soil, groundwater, and soil gas data, but excludes the 1994/1995 data as that early
data does not appear to be representative of site conditions since that time 24 years ago.
Using only these more recent and representative data, neither groundwater, soil, nor soil
gas data collected across the site (excluding Parcel 12/13 (L/M)) appear to exceed either
acceptable carcinogenic risk nor non -cancer risk for any of these environmental media.
7

Summary of Risk Assessment Output I � 1
Version Date: February 2018
Basis: November 2017 EPA RSL Table
Site ID: 20013-16-54
Exposure Unit ID: All Parcels Excl Parcel L - 2016 GW/Soil & 2017 SG only
PRIMARY CALCULATORS
Receptor
Pathway
Carcinogenic
Risk
Hazard Index
Riskcxcceded?
Resident
Soil Combined Pathways
2.2E-06
3.2E-02
NO
Groundwater Combined Pathways*
1.5E-07
4.2E-02
NO
Non -Residential Worker
Soil Combined Pathways
1.3E-07
4.8E-03
NO
Groundwater Combined Pathways*
4.2E-08
1.0E-02
NO
Construction Worker
Soil Combined Pathways
1.7E-08
8.4E-02
NO
User Defined
Soil Combined Pathways
1.2E-06
5.1E-02
NO
Surface Water Combined Pathways*
0.0E+00
0.0E+00
NO
VAPOR INTRUSION CALCULATORS
Receptor
Pathway
CarcinogenicRisk
Hazard Index
Risk exceeded?
Resident
Groundwater to Indoor Air
1.1E-07
3.0E-02
NO
Soil Gas to Indoor Air
8.4E-07
4.9E-02
NO
Indoor Air
0.0E+00
0.0E+00
NO
Non -Residential Worker
Groundwater to Indoor Air
2.6E-08
7.0E-03
NO
Soil Gas to Indoor Air
6.4E-08
3.9E-03
NO
Indoor Air
0.0E+00
0.0E+00
NO
Required Land Use Restrictions —
Land use restrictions will include standard land use language, Environmental
Management Plan and reporting, groundwater, soil disturbance, final grade sampling for
parcels other than Parcel 2, access, known contaminants, and LURU reporting LURs.
Assessment results indicate that Parcels 12 and 13 (L/M) are located overlying an area
that has the potential to have an unacceptable vapor intrusion risk, and would require
additional vapor intrusion assessment and/or appropriate mitigation before occupancy for
residential or non-residential purposes.
Based on the site -specific data provided to the Brownfield program, the site reuse is
suitable for the site if the agreed upon land use restrictions in the BFA are abided by.