2002_ROSCANS_2008

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. FACILITY COMPLIANCE AlIDIT REPORT
Division of Waste Management
NCDENR Solid Waste Section
NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF
ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES
Lined LCID
MSWLF
Closed X HHW
MSWLF
CDLF Tire T&P I
eetton
YW
White
goods
Tire
no ....
Transfer Compost SLAS COUNTY: Cherokee
c\
Incin T&P FIRM PERMIT NO.: 20-01
Industrial DEMO SDTF FILE TYPE: COMPLIANCE · ...
Date of Audit: November 25, 2008 Date of Last Audit: April 20, 2008
FACILITY NAME AND ADDRESS:
Old Cherokee County MSW landfill
Fairview Road (NC Hwy 1515)
Marble, NC 28905
GPS COORDINATES: N: 35.17883 ;g,: -083.90334
FACILITY CONTACT NAME AND PHONE NUMBER:
Robert Allen, Director
Cherokee County Solid Waste Department
828/837-2621
FACILITY CONTACT ADDRESS:
Robert Allen, Director
Cherokee County Solid Waste Department
c/o Cherokee County Courthouse
75 Peachtree Street
Murphy, NC 28906
AUDIT PARTICIPANTS:
Troy Harrison, NC DENR-DWM Solid Waste Section
Robert Allen, Cherokee County
Jeff Clark, Landfill Manager, Cherokee County
STATUS OF PERMIT:
Landfill Closed
Waste last received on 12/31/97
PURPOSE OF AUDIT:
Comprehensive Audit of Closed Landfill
NOTICE OF VIOLATION(S):
None Observed
STATUS OF PAST NOTED VIOLATIONS:
NIA
AREAS OF CONCERN AND COMMENTS:
..
1. Landfill operations ceased in December 3 1, 1997. All waste has been taken, after that date, to the new landfi ll
(Permit No. 20-02).
FACILITY COMPLIANCE AUDIT L /ORT
. Division of Waste Management
Solid Waste Section
Page 2 of 2
2. Vegetation was well established on top of the landfill with the exception of a small area in the northeast comer
of the landfill which was bare. This area will need to be seeded.
3. The ground water monitoring wells were observed. All of the wells were visually observed and appeared to be
in good condition. Several of the wells were unlocked. Cherokee County needs to make sure that the well
covers are locked when not being sampled.
4. No low areas on the cap were observed.
5. There were several old recycling trailers on the landfill cap. These have been mentioned several times
in previous audit reports by the previous inspector, Mr. Jim Patterson. They were first noted on the
October 4, 2005 audit report and required by Mr. Patterson to be removed. These trailers must be
moved off of the landfill cap by January 26, 2008.
6. There were several small trees growing in the vicinity of the old recycling trailers. These will need to be
removed by January 26, 2008.
7. The landfill needs mowing.
8. Access to the landfill is restricted by a locked gate.
Please contact me if you have any questions or concerns regarding this audit report.
I
Page 3 of 3
~N}{2~0;0
Troy Harrison
Environmental Senior Specialist
Regional Representative
Delivered on : December 18, 2008 by
FACILITY COMPLIANCE AUDIT ... .wPORT
Division of Waste Management
Solid Waste Section
828-296-4701
Phone: ______ _
Hand delivery X US Mail Certified No. Li
cc: Mark Poindexter, Field Operations Branch Supervisor
Deb Aja, Western District Supervisor
Donald Herndon, Compliance Officer
r L
CIVIL/SANITARY /ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERS
Municipal
Services
SITE PLANNING/SUBDIVISIONS
Ms. Deb Aja, Regional Engineer
Asheville Regional Office
NC DENR -Solid Waste Management Division
2090 US Highway 70
Swannanoa, NC 28778
Re: Cherokee County Phase 2 As-Built Survey
Dear Ms. Aja:
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
Engineering
Company, P.A.
SUBSURFACE UTILITY ENGINEERING (SUE)
i:>1:UO "M-,IOle~ '3111/\3HSV
NOIP3S 31SVM ones
03Al3~3~
Please find enclosed three copies of the Cherokee County Phase 2 As-Built Survey. If
you have questions or comments, please do not hesitate to contact me in our Garner
office.
Sincerely yours,
?IC'.~~ ENGINE7 RVICES CO., PA
.:. ~;?£.9 •. ~
D. Wayne Sullivan
Project Manager
Copy: Mr. David Badger, Cherokee County Manager
Mr. Robert Allen, Cherokee County Solid Waste Director
PO Box 97, Garner, North Carolina 27529 [phone]
PO Box 828, Morehead City, NC 28557 [phone] PO Box 349 , Boone, NC 28607 [phone]
/ /.
07 G4/08 14 :51 f A..1 919 772 1176 MUNIC IPAL ENGINEER ING '41001
Municioal ~·~ Enaineering Services ~ Company, PA ~
Boone, NC
Date July 24, 2008
To Deb Aja From D. Wayne Sullivan
Municipal Engineering
Services Company, PA
PO Box97
Garni;,r, NC 27529
Phone ·[phone] Phone [phone]
Fetx (8~8) 200-7043 rax [phone]
cc I -I # of Pages Including Cover Sheet
Remarks: D Urgent
Deb,
[x] For your review 0 Reply ASAP □ Please Comment
Attached is the as-built survey of the area that wa s built of Phase 1 for Cherokee Co ..
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SURVEY COMPLETED OCTOBER 22, t 99?
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REVISED OPERATION
PLAN for
CHEROKEE COUNTY
Cherokee County Summarized Operation Plan
General:
1. Avoid the ponding of stormwater anywhere on or around the landfill. Maintain all
drainage features so that water can be conveyed off site without ponding. If culverts
and ditches are necessary, do not construct or install them in waste or create
any situations where surface water comes in contact with exposed waste and
then runs off as surface water. In all cases, when surface water comes in
contact with exposed waste, the water has to be treated as leachate.
Daily:
1. Document rainfall for the day and if there is over ½ inch of rainfall in that day, inspect
sediment basins within 24 hours of the rainfall event and monitor for parameters
outlined in NPDES General Stormwater Permit. Use standard form and document
findings.
2. Maintain the smallest working face possible. Typically a 60 ' x 75' working face
should be adequate.
3. Nightly cover exposed waste with either the alternate daily cover (ADC) or six inches
of soil.
4. Assure that there is no standing or ponding water on the landfill cover, daily or
intermediate, which can be diverted as surface water instead of leachate.
5. Assure that there is no potential for leachate leaving the working face during a storm
and migrating as surface water.
Weekly:
1. Randomly screen waste of at least 1 % of the weekly truck count, document findings
and include in the operating record . The County Emergency Management Director
is a good training source to use for the identification of hazardous materials.
Untrained personnel are not to handle hazardous waste. During the screening
process and daily operations, banned materials that are removed for proper disposal
should be documented and the documentation included in the operating record .
2. Check all pumps and record meter readings for hours that the pumps have run .
Manually exercise all pumps for 5 minutes, record the date and an explanation that
the exercise was completed on the leachate system form, and include it in the
operating record .
3. Inspect sediment basins, unless there has been ½ inch of rain in the week (follow
above instructions for ½ inch of rain), and monitor for parameters outlined in NPDES
General Stormwater Permit.
4. Cover areas with soil that have previously been covered with the ADC .
Monthly:
1. Seed and mulch all exposed areas and include the dates in the operating record .
2. Monitor methane at the closed landfill for lower explosive limit (LEL) which should
not exceed 100% at the property lines and 25% at any on-site structures. Report
results and include in the operating record.
3. 1 rain landfill personnel as to the proper operation of the landfill. Document training
and include in the operating record. Document and include in the operating record all
training that is given to landfill personnel .
4. Inspect the lagoon liner and make repairs immediately and record the results of the
inspection and/or any repairs. Include the report in the operating record.
Quarterly:
1. Monitor methane migration at the active landfill for lower explosive limit (LEL) which
should not exceed 100% at the property line and 25% at any site structures. Record
and include the results in the operating record . If the limits are exceeded at the
property line and/or structures, immediately take all necessary steps to ensure
protection of human health and notify the N.C. Solid Waste Section.
A. Within seven days of detection, place in the operating record the methane
gas levels detected and a description of the steps taken to protect human
health.
B. Within 60 days of detection, implement a remediation plan for the methane
gas releases, place a copy of the plan in the operating record, and notify the
N.C. Solid Waste Section that the plan has been implemented. The plan shall
describe the nature and extent of the problem and the proposed remedy.
C. Based on the need for an extension demonstrated by the County, the N.C.
Solid Waste Section may establish alternative schedules for demonstrating
compliance.
2. Review and update the quarterly operation plan for expected fill sequence.
Semi-Annually:
1. Assure that the ground and surface water as well as leachate has been sampled and
analyzed and reports reflecting the latest sampling events are included in the
operating record.
Annually:
1. Flush and then video all leachate lines where access is available through
cleanouts. Obtain a video of the results and record findings in the leachate
collection system inspection log . Include the video, report and inspection log
(Appendix V) in the operating record .
Introduction
Cherokee County Landfrll will only accept Municipal Solid Wastes (MSW) from Cherokee,
Clay, Graham and Swain Counties. The facility is constructed with 24 inches of cohesive
soil (permeability of 1.0 x 10-7 cm/sec), 60 mil High Density Polyethylene liner (HOPE), 36
inches of protective cover over the liner and a leachate collection system which flows to the
leachate lagoon.
The perimeter of the lined area will be marked off by 2 inch PVC pipe at 100' intervals that
will be placed in the anchor trenches. Solid waste will not be placed within four (4) feet of
this boundary to assure that the waste is being placed directly above the liner system so no
leachate can flow outside of this area.
A quarterly fill plan shall be prepared to monitor and plan the filling sequence. The plan
shall use survey data from the previous fill plan to develop the quarterly plan. This plan
shall be part of the operating record .
All stormwater that comes in contact with solid waste will be handled as leachate. The
leachate is collected in the sump area, where it is pumped by force main to the lagoon.
The leachate collection system consists of a series of pipes and trenches filled with stone
and drainage net across the bottom of the landfill. The leachate is collected in the drainage
net, stone in the trenches and eventually the pipe in the trenches that is surrounded by the
stone. The leachate flows to a sump (stone) where it is pumped to the leachate lagoon.
The lagoon is double lined with HOPE 60 mil liner, and under the primary liner is 24 inches
of cohesive soil (permeability of 1.0 x 10-7 cm/sec). The leachate is then pumped from the
lagoon to the Town of Andrews Waste Water Treatment Plant. In Appendix V is a log for
documenting the monitoring of the leachate collection system . The monitoring consists of
inspections of the lagoon, pumps and leachate collection lines that can be monitored
through a cleanout. The pumping system shall be inspected weekly, lagoon shall be
inspected monthly and the leachate lines shall be inspected annually by either videoing or
jet cleaning. The rainfall shall be monitored after each rainfall event and documented on
the log . The log then becomes part of the operating record .
Leachate will be treated at the Town of Andrews Waste Water Treatment Plant. The
leachate must be tested according to the pretreatment conditions outlined in the pre-
treatment agreement.
Leachate can be recirculated after further permitting. (See Appendix IV.)
The leachate lagoon will be inspected on a monthly basis and a report generated and
placed in the landfill records. The report will include the date the liner was inspected , the
inspector, general observations since the last inspection, visible abrasions, possible stress
cracks, or obvious punctures. Stress cracks can occur in wrinkles that are generated from
heat expansion or contraction due to freezing. Also, the HOPE liner may deteriorate due to
..
' .
ultra violet light and this can appear as an abrasion where material can be scraped away
with a hard object. If any damage or possible weak spots due to ultra violet exposure has
been detected, a qualified HOPE installation company shall be notified immediately so that
a repair patch can be installed. The leachate level shall not be allowed to exceed the depth
of the damaged liner until it has been repaired and tested by the liner installation company.
Once this has been accomplished all testing documentation shall be placed in the operating
records.
Daily cover will be the combination of soil and synthetic cover. The synthetic cover will be
used on days that the next day's fill will be placed directly on top of the fill. Soil cover will
be used when the next day's waste will not be placed directly on top or the synthetic cover
is not large enough to cover the entire area. Soil cover will be placed at least once a week.
(See cover requirements under operational requirements.)
The County will implement a program at the landfill for detecting and preventing the
disposal of hazardous and liquid wastes. The program consists of random inspection of
incoming loads at a minimum of 1 % of the weekly traffic. Landfill personnel will be trained
to recognize hazardous and liquid wastes. Records will be kept on the training and the
inspections. (See Appendix I.)
The County of Cherokee will monitor for explosive gases at landfill structures and the
perimeter of the landfill. The concentration of methane gases generated by the landfill
cannot exceed 25 percent of the lower explosive limit for methane in the structures, and it
cannot exceed 100 percent of the lower explosive limit for methane at the landfill property
boundary. (See Appendix Ill.) If methane gas is found to exceed the acceptable limits at
either the property boundary or landfill structures, it is the County's responsibility to do the
following:
1. Immediately take all necessary steps to ensure protection of human health, i.e. no
smoking, temporarily abandon the structure and notify the Division of Solid Waste
Management.
2. Within seven days of detection, place in the operating record the methane gas levels
detected and a description of the steps taken to protect human health; and
3. Within 60 days of detection, implement a remediation plan for the methane gas
releases, place a copy of the plan in the operating record, and notify the Division of
Solid Waste management that the plan has been implemented. The plan will
describe the nature and extent of the problem and the proposed remedy.
Off and on-site erosion will be controlled through erosion control structures and devices.
Provisions for a vegetative ground cover sufficient to restrain erosion will be accomplished
within 30 working days or 120 calendar days upon completion of any phase of landfill
development.
The County of Cherokee will record and retain at the landfill an operating record of the
following information :
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
Inspection records, waste determination records, and training procedures;
Amounts by weight of solid waste received at the landfill;
Waste determination, leachate sampling data, leachate levels,
meteorological data;
Gas monitoring results and any remediation plans,
Any demonstration , certification , findings, monitoring, testing or analytical
data required for surface and groundwater monitoring;
Any monitoring, testing or analytical data required for closure or post-closure;
Any cost estimates and financial assurance documentation .
All information contained in the operating record will be furnished upon request to the
Division of Solid Waste Management or be made available at all reasonable times for
inspection by the Division .
Ground and surface water will be sampled and analyzed according to Subtitle D Appendix I
detection monitoring requirements. The monitoring frequency for all Appendix I detection
monitoring constituents will be at least semiannual during the life of the facility (including
closure) and the post-closure period. A minimum of four independent samples from each
well (background and downgradient) will be collected and analyzed for the Appendix I
constituents during the first semiannual sampling event. At least one sample from each
well (background and downgradient) will be collected and analyzed during subsequent
semiannual sampling events.
If the County of Cherokee determines that there is a statistically significant increase over
background for one or more of the constituents listed in Appendix I at any monitoring well at
the relevant point of compliance, the County will, within 14 days of the finding, report to the
Division of Solid Waste and place a notice in the operating record indicating which
constituents have shown statistically significant changes from background levels. The
County will establish an assessment monitoring program within 90 days. The County may
demonstrate that a source other than the landfill caused the contamination or that the
statistically significant increase resulted from an error in sampling, analysis, statistical
evaluation , or natural variation in ground-water quality. A report documenting these
demonstrations will be certified by a Licensed Geologist or Professional Engineer and
approved by the Division of Solid Waste. A copy of this report will be placed in the
operating record. If a successful demonstration is made, documented, and approved by
the Division, the County may continue detection monitoring. If after 90 days, a successful
demonstration is not made, the County will initiate an assessment monitoring program.
The limb storage area is covered under the treatment and processing permit. The limbs
can be stored in this area until an adequate amount has been obtained for a reasonable
cost of grinding . Leaves and grass clippings need to be banned so that a permit for
composting is not required . The following are the minimum operational requirements for
treatment and process:
..
1. The facility should only receive tree limbs or trunks;
2. Equipment for fire control shall be available;
3. Effective vector control measures shall be applied to control flies, rodents,
and other insects or vermin;
4. Equipment shall be provided in the storage area, charging areas and
elsewhere as needed or as may be required in order to maintain the facility
in a sanitary condition; and,
5. Appropriate methods shall be provided to confine material subject to be
blown by the wind within the area. At the conclusion of each day of
operation, all windblown material resulting from the operation shall be
collected and returned to the area.
Operational Requirements
1. Waste Acceptance and Disposal Requirements
a. The Municipal Solid Waste Landfill (MSWLF) will only accept those solid
wastes which it is permitted to receive. Cherokee County will notify the
Division within 24 hours of attempted disposal of any waste the landfill is not
permitted to receive. Signs are placed at the entrance to the Landfill stating
that Hazardous and Liquid wastes are not accepted and that random waste
screening is performed .
b. The following wastes are prohibited from disposal at the MSWLF:
1. Hazardous waste as defined within 15A NCAC 13A, to also include
hazardous waste from conditionally exempt small quantity generators.
11. Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) wastes as defined in 40 CFR 761 .
iii. Bulk or non-containerized liquid waste will not be placed in the landfill
unless :
(i) The waste is household waste other than septic waste and waste
oil,
(ii) The waste is leachate or gas condensate derived from the landfill.
Iv. White Goods, Yard Waste, Tires.
v. Containers holding liquid wastes will not be placed in the landfill
unless:
(i) The container is a small container similar in size to that
normally found in household waste ;
(ii) The container is designed to hold liquids for use other
than storage; or
(iii) The waste is household waste.
v1. For the purpose of this paragraph:
(i) Liquid waste means any waste material that is determined
to contain "free liquids" as defined by Mett1oct-§W!Y-tpai11t
Filter Liquids Test), S. W. 846.
c. Spoiled foods, animal carcasses, abattoir waste, hatchery waste, and other
animal waste delivered to the disposal site will be covered immediately.
d. Asbestos waste will be accepted . The waste will be put in a hole dug out of
the existing waste and buried immediately. A 24 hour notice will be given to
the Landfill before any asbestos arrives, records will be kept as to whom and
type of asbestos buried.
e. Wastewater treatment sludges may be accepted either as a soil conditioner
incorporated into or applied onto vegetative growth layer but in no case
greater than six inches in depth or wastewater treatment sludges may be co-
disposed in the lined area.
f. Cherokee County will continue a program at the Landfill for detecting and
preventing the disposal of hazardous and liquid wastes. (Section 5.3-
Appendix I) This program will include, at a minimum:
1. Random inspections . of incoming loads or other comparable
procedures;
11. Records of any inspections;
111. Training of facility personnel to recognize hazardous and liquid wastes.
1v. If hazardous wastes are identified by facility personnel, Emergency
Management or trained personnel shall be notified to identify the waste
and address removal, storage and fin al deposition of the waste.
g. Waste placement will be within the areal limits of the base liner system and in
a manner consistent with the effective permit.
2. Cover material requirements.
a. Except as in Part (b), Cherokee County must cover disposed solid waste with
six inches of earthen material at the end of each operating day, or at more
frequent intervals if necessary, to control disease vectors, fires, odors,
blowing litter, and scavenging.
b. Alternative materials such as synthetic cover may be used as daily cover on
the working face or until it is necessary to cover with earthen material. The
alternative material must be approved by the Division of Solid Waste and be
applied according to manufacturer's recommendations. At a minimum soil
cover will be used once a week. (Section 5.4-Appendix II)
C. Areas which will not have additional wastes placed on them for 12 months or
----------~m=o~r=e~,-b~u-t~w-ri~e=r=-"e final term1nat1on ofa1sposal operations has not occurred, will
be covered with a minimum of one foot of intermediate cover.
3. Disease vector control
a. Cherokee County will prevent or control on-site populations of disease
vectors using techniques appropriate for protection of human health and the
environment. At the end of every day, waste will be covered either by
synthetic cover or 6" of soil cover. At a minimum soil will be used once a
week. Any waste that requires immediate cover, will be covered immediately
with soil.
b. "Disease vectors" means any rodents, flies, mosquitoes, or other animals,
including insects, capable of transmitting disease to humans.
4. Explosive gases control
a. Cherokee County must ensure that:
1. The concentration of methane gas generated by the landfill does not
exceed 25 percent of the lower explosive limit for methane in landfill
structures (excluding gas control or recovery system components); and
11. The concentration of methane gas does not exceed 100 percent of the
lower explosive limit for methane at the landfill property boundary.
b. Cherokee County will implement a routine methane monitoring program to
ensure that the standards of 4 (a) are met. (Section 5.5-Appendix 111)
1. The type and frequency of monitoring must be determined based on
the following factors:
(i) Soil conditions;
(ii) The hydrogeologic conditions surrounding the facility;
(iii) The hydraulic conditions surrounding the facility;
(iv) The location of facility structures and property boundaries.
11 . The minimum frequency of monitoring will be quarterly.
c. If methane gas levels exceeding the limits specified in 4 (a) are detected , the
owner or operator will:
ii.
iii .
Immediately take all necessary steps to ensure protection of human
health, i.e. no smoking, temporarily abandon the structure and notify
the Division of Solid Waste Management.
Within seven days of detection, place in the operating record t11e
methane gas levels detected and a description of the steps taken to
protect human health; and
Within 60 days of detection, implement a remediation plan for the
methane gas releases, place a copy of the plan in the operating
record, and notify the Division of Solid Waste Management that the
plan has been implemented. The plan will describe the nature and
extent of the problem and the proposed remedy.
d. "Lower explosive limit" means the lowest percent by volume of a mixture of
explosive gases in air that will propagate a flame at 25° C and atmospheric
pressure.
5. Air Criteria
a. Cherokee County will ensure that the landfill does not violate any applicable
requirements developed under a State Implementation Plan (SIP) approved
or promulgated by the US. EPA Administrator pursuant to Section 110 of the
Clean Air Act, as amended .
b. Open burning of solid waste, except for the infrequent burning of land clearing
debris generated on site or debris from emergency clean-up operations, is
prohibited. Any such infrequent burning will be approved by the Division of
Solid Waste Management.
c. Earth moving equipment will be provided to control accidental fires and
leachate tank trucks used for water or leachate that would be recirculated can
also be used . Arrangements have been made with the local fire department
to provide actual fire protection. This fire department has access at all times
to the landfill to provide fire fighting services as needed . Landfill personnel
can use soil to isolate the fire so it will not spread any further but actual
fighting of the fire is the responsibility of the trained fire department.
d. Fires that occur at the landfill will be reported to the Division of Solid Waste
Management within 24 hours and written notification will be submitted within
15 days.
6. Access and safety requirements
a.
b.
C.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
I.
The landfill will be adequately secured by means of gates, chains, berms,
fences and other security measures approved by the Division of Solid Waste
Management to prevent unauthorized entry.
An attendant will be on duty at the site at all times while it is open for public
use to ensure compliance with operational requirements.
The access road to the site will be of all-weather construction and maintained
in good condition.
Dust control measures will be implemented when necessary. If dust
problems should arise, the County will use any reasonable means necessary
to reduce it. At a minimum the County will spray water on necessary areas.
Signs providing information on tipping or disposal procedures, the hours
during which the site is open for pubic use, the permit number and other
pertinent information will be posted at the site entrance.
Signs will be posted stating that no hazardous or liquid waste can be
received.
Traffic signs or markers will be provided as necessary to promote an orderly
traffic pattern to and from the discharge area and to maintain efficient
operating conditions.
The removal of solid waste from the landfill will be prohibited unless the
County approves and the removal is not performed on the working face.
Barrels and drums will not be disposed unless they are empty and perforated
sufficiently to ensure that no liquid or hazardous waste is contained therein,
except fiber drums containing asbestos.
7. Erosion and Sedimentation Control Requirements
a. Adequate sediment control measures (structures or devices), will be utilized
to prevent silt from leaving the landfill.
b. Adequate sediment control measures (structures or devices), will be utilized
to prevent excessive on-site erosion.
c. Provisions for a vegetative ground cover sufficient to restrain erosion will be
accomplished within 15 working days or 30 calendar days upon completion
of any phase of landfill development.
8. Drainage Control and Water Protection Requirements
a. Surface water will be diverted from the operational area and will not be
impounded over waste.
b.
C.
d.
Solid waste will not be disposed of in water.
Leachate will be contained on site and properly treated prior to discharge.
The landfill will not:
(i) Cause a discharge of pollutants into waters of the United States,
including wetlands, that violates any requirements of the Clean Water
Act, including, but not limited to, the National Pollutant Discharge
Elimination System (NPDES) requirements pursuant to Section 402.
(ii) Cause the discharge of a nonpoint source of pollution to waters of the
United States, including wetlands, that violates any requirements of an
area-wide or state-wide water quality management plan that has been
approved under Section 208 or 319 of the Clean Water Act, as
amended.
9. Liquids Restriction
a. Bulk or non-containerized liquid waste will not be placed in the landfill unless:
(i) The waste is household waste other than septic waste and waste oil,
(ii) The waste is leachate or gas condensate derived from the landfill.
b. Containers holding liquid wastes will not be placed in the landfill unless:
(i) The container is a small container similar in size to that normally found
in household waste;
(ii) The container is designed to hold liquids for use other than storage; or
(iii) The waste is household waste.
c. For the purpose of this paragraph:
(i) Liquid waste means any waste material that is determined to contain
"free liquids" as defined by Method 9095 (Paint Filter Liquids Test), S.
W. 846.
d. Test for free liquids:
Sludges or other wastes may be tested for free liquids after previous
screening tests have shown that the waste is not hazardous and does not
contain PCB's. The specified test to determine whether or not a material is
considered to be a liquid is the Paint Filter Test Method 9095. The procedure
for conducting this test is as follows :
(i) Obtain standard 400-micron paint filter;
(ii) Place a properly-sized, clean, dry funnel in a ring stand or similar
device;
(iii) Fold the filter and line the funnel with it;
(iv) Place a 100 ml sample of waste into the funnel;
(v) Place a clean, dry container under the funnel; and,
(vi) Check in exactly 5 minutes to see if any liquid is in the container.
(vii) If any liquid passes through the filter in 5 minutes or less, the waste is
considered to be a liquid. The filtrate can be water, oil or any
combination of any non-hazardous liquids.
10. Record Keeping Requirements
a. Cherokee County MSWLF will record and retain at the facility, or an
alternative location near the facility approved by the Division of Solid Waste
Management, in an operating record the following information as it becomes
available.
(i) Inspection records, waste determination records, and training
procedures;
(ii) Amounts by weight of solid waste received at the landfill to include
source of generation.
(iii) Waste determination, leachate sampling data, leachate levels,
meteorological data ;
(iv) Gas monitoring results and any remediation plans;
(v) Any demonstration, certification, findings, monitoring, testing or
analytical data required for surface and groundwater monitoring;
(vi) Any monitoring, testing or analytical data required for closure or post-
closure; and,
(vii) Any cost estimates and financial assurance documentation.
b. All information contained in the operating record will be furnished upon
request to the Division of Solid Waste Management or be made available at
all reasonable times for inspection by the Division.
c. Cherokee County will maintain a copy of the operation plan at the landfill.
11 . Spreading and Compacting Requirements
a. The initial lift of solid waste will be placed over Phase 2. This lift will be
covered with six (6) inches of daily cover. This lift will absorb the rain water
and allow some of it to evaporate prior to reaching the leachate collection
system . When a heavy rain does occur, the impact on the leachate collection
system will not be immediate. Prior to placement of solid waste over any
leachate pipe, the geotextile fabric that is covering the stone will be folded
back so that solid waste will be in direct contact with the stone. This method
will not allow biological growth to develop on the geotextile which could
eventually clog the system.
b. The initial lift of solid waste will be placed loosely at a depth of 4 feet. As this
lift is being placed, a spotter should be placed in the landfill to assure that the
compactor does not drive any long, sharp objects through the protective cover
into the liner system. If an object were to penetrate the liner system, the
protective cover must be removed and the penetration repaired . The
subsequent lifts can be placed up to final grades. Heavy landfill equipment
including articulating dump trucks and compactor will only be allowed on
areas that have a minimum of 4' of solid waste. Only low pressure equipment
such as a D6 LGP Caterpillar will be allowed on the protective cover.
c. The landfill will restrict solid waste into the smallest area feasible, typically 60 '
x 75' area.
d. Solid waste will be compacted as densely as practical into cells. The
compactor should run over an area of solid waste a minimum of 6 times .
e. Appropriate methods such as fencing and diking will be provided within the
area to confine solid waste subject to be blown by the wind . At the conclusion
of each day of operation, all windblown material resulting from the operation
will be collected and returned to the area.
12 . Leachate Management Plan
a. Cherokee County will periodically maintain the leachate collection system .
b. Cherokee County will maintain records for the amount of leachate collected.
C.
d.
e.
f.
Cherokee County will quality sample their leachate bi-annually for Appendix I
constituents, pH, BOD, COD, TDS, phosphate, nitrate, and sulfate. The
sample will be obtained from the lagoon and sampled the same time as the
monitoring wells.
The leachate is being treated by the Town of Andrews Waste Water
Treatment Plant.
Under extreme operational conditions Cherokee County has the option of
shutting down the flow of leachate to the lagoon by shutting off the pump.
The leachate will be temporarily stored within the MSWLF units until such
time the flow of leachate can continue to the lagoon. If any rain or other event
requires storage of leachate or storm water in the cell, the Division of Solid
Waste will be notified immediately followed by written communication.
Leachate will be recirculated. (See Section 5.6-Appendix IV)
5.3 Appendix I
A. INTRODUCTION
The municipal solid waste stream is made up of wastes from all sectors of society.
The waste is often categorized by its source or its characteristics . Terms used
include commercial, industrial, residential , biomedical, hazardous, household, solid,
l1qu1d, demolltlon/construct1on, sludge, etc. Regardless of how one class1f1es
wastes, the bottom line is that wastes are delivered to the landfill and a management
decision must be made to either reject or accept them. This responsibility rests with
the manager of the landfill. Wastes which are not authorized to be accepted at the
landfill create a number of potential problems including: (1) liability due to future
releases of contaminants; (2) bad publicity if media learns of unacceptable waste
entering the landfill ; (3) potential for worker injury; (4) exposure to civil or criminal
penalties; (5) damage to landfill environmental control systems.
B. HAZARDOUS WASTE REGULATIONS AND MANAGEMENT
In the United States, hazardous waste is regulated under RCRA, Subtitle C. A waste
is hazardous if it is listed as a hazardous waste by the Administrator of the
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in the Code of Federal Regulations, Title
40, Part 261, or if it meets one or more of the hazardous waste criteria as defined by
EPA. These criteria are:
• lgnitability
• Corrosivity
• Reactivity
• Toxicity
1. lgnitability
Ignitable waste is a waste that burns readily, causes a fire by friction under normal
circumstances, or is an oxidizer. Any waste having a flash point of <140F falls in this
category. Flash point is that temperature at which a liquid gives off vapors that will
ignite when an open flame is applied . Under Department of Transportation (DOT)
definitions, a flammable liquid has a flash point of >100 F. A combustible liquid has
a flash point between 100 and 200 F. Therefore, a flammable liquid is always
hazardous while a combustible liquid may or may not be hazardous depending upon
its flash point.
2. Corrosivity
A corrosive waste is one having a very high or a very low pH . The pH of a liquid is a
measure of how acidic or basic (alkaline) the material is . The pH scale ranges from
0 to 14. High numbers are basic and low numbers are acidic. A substance having a
pH ~2.0 or ~12 .5 is defined as hazardous under RCRA.
3. Reactivity
A waste is reactive if it is normally unstable: reacts violently with water; forms an
explosive mixture with water; contains quantities of cyanide or sulfur that could be
released to the air; or can easily be detonated or exploded. These wastes may fall
into any one of several DOT categories.
4. Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP)
A waste is TCLP toxic if the concentration of any constituent in Table 1 exceeds the
standard assigned to that substance . The TCLP is a methodology which attempts to
simulate the conditions within a landfill. An acidic solution is passed through a
sample of waste and the resultant "leachate" is analyzed for contaminants. The
TCLP is designed to detect heavy metals, pesticides and a few other organic and
inorganic compounds . The purpose of the test is to prevent groundwater
contamination by highly toxic materials. TCLP tests the mobility of 40 different
elements and compounds.
Except in certain specified circumstances, regulated quantities of hazardous waste
must be disposed of at a permitted hazardous waste disposal facility. In accordance
with 40 CFR Part 261 .3, any material contaminated by a hazardous waste is
also deemed to be a hazardous waste and must be managed as such.
Hazardous waste from conditionally exempt small quantity generators are to be
disposed of in a Hazardous waste disposal facility. RCRA permits are also required
to store, transport, and treat hazardous waste.
C. POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS (PCBs)
1. Introduction
PCBs are nonflammable and conduct heat without conducting electricity. These
compounds were most frequently used as an additive to oil or other liquids in
situations where heat was involved . The PCBs enhance the heat conducting
properties of the liquid and thereby increase the heat dissipation or cooling effect
obtained. They have also been used in lubricants and paint. In the United States
one of the most common applications was in electric transformers. The only
effective method for destroying PCBs is high temperature incineration which is
relatively expensive due to a shortage of PCB incineration capacity.
TABLE 1
T.C.L.P. CONSTITUENTS & REGULATORY LEVELS (mg/L)
CONSTITUENT REG CONSTITUENT REG LEVEL
• LEVEL
Arsenic 5.0 Hexachlorobenzene 0.13
Barium 100 Hexachloro-1,3-0.5
butadiene
Benzene 0.5 Hexachloroethane 3.0
Cadmium 1.0 Lead 5.0
Carbon Tetrachloride 0.5 Lindane 0.4
Chlordane 0.03 Mercury 0.2
Chlorobenzene 100 Methoxychlor 10.0
Chloroform 6.0 Methyl ethyl ketone 200
Chromium 5.0 Nitrobenzene 2.0
m-Cresol 200 Pentachlorophenol 100
o-Cresol 200 Pyridine 5.0
p-Cresol 200 Selenium 1.0
Cresol 200 Silver 5.0
1,4-Dichlorobenzene 10.0 Tetrachloroethylene 0.7
1,2-Dichloroethane 0.7 Toxaphene 0.5
1, 1-Dichloroethylene 0.5 T rich loroethylene 0.5
2,4-0.7 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol 400
Dichlorophenoxyacetic
acid
2,4-Dinitrotoluene 0.13 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol 2.0
Endrin 0.02 2,4,5-TP (Silvex) 1.0
Heptachlor (and its 0.008 Vinyl Chloride 0.2
hydroxide)
\ .
By law PCBs are no longer used as dielectrics in transformers and capacitors
manufactured after 1979. There are many millions of pounds of 'PCBs still in use or
in storage. One example is the ballasts used in fluorescent light fixtures. It has
been estimated that there are between 0.5 million and 1.5 billion ballasts currently in
use in this country. Due to the long life of these units, about half of these may be of
pre-1979 manufacture and contain PCBs . Since each ballast contains about one
ounce of nearly pure PCB fluid, there are about 20 to 30 million pounds of PCBs in
existing l1ght1ng fixtures. These items are not the subject to RCRA Subtitle D Waste
Screening!
Commercial or industrial sources of PCB wastes that should be addressed by the
program include:
• Mineral oil and dielectric fluids containing PCBs;
• Contaminated soil, dredged material, sewage sludge, rags, and other debris from
a release of PCBs;
• Transformers and other electrical equipment containing dielectric fluids; and
• Hydraulic machines.
2. PCB Regulatory Requirements
As contrasted to hazardous wastes, the Toxic Substance Control Act regulates
PCBs based on the concentration of PCBs in the waste rather than the source or
characteristic of the waste. The regulations concerning PCB disposal are spelled
out in 40 CFR Part 761. Subtitle D of RCRA merely requires that PCB waste not be
disposed in a MSW landfill. PCB management requirements include:
Waste containing more than 500 ppm of PCBs must be incinerated . Waste
containing from 50 to 500 ppm must be disposed of by incineration, approved
burning, or in chemical waste landfill permitted to receive such wastes . The
regulations are silent concerning wastes containing less than 50 ppm of PCBs;
however, the regulations cannot be circumvented by diluting stronger wastes.
D. FUNDAMENTALS OF WASTE SCREENING
1. Know Your Generators and Haulers
Since the level of sophistication of your waste screening program will be a reflection
of the likelihood of hazardous waste and PCB waste being in your incoming waste,
knowledge of the commercial industrial base of your service area is critical.
Some examples are the automotive industry, which generates solvents, paint
wastes, lead acid batteries, grease and oil; the dry cleaning industry, which may
generate filters containing dry cleaning solvents; metal platters who generate heavy
' ,
metal wastes; and other industries which generate a variety of undesirable wastes;
e.g. chemical and related products, petroleum refining, primary metals, electrical and
electronic machinery, etc.
Landfill managers should also know the haulers and trucks serving the businesses in
their community which are likely to carry unacceptable wastes .
Some local governments and solid waste management agencies have enacted
legislation requiring haulers to provide a manifest showing the customers whose
wastes make up that particular load. Such a manifest is an extremely useful tool
when a load is found to contain prohibited wastes. It is unwise to accept wastes
from unknown, unlicensed, or otherwise questionable haulers.
2. Inspections
An inspection is typically a visual observation of the incoming waste loads by an
individual who is trained to identify regulated hazardous or PCB wastes that would
not be acceptable for disposal at the MSWLF unit. The training of landfill personnel
will be conducted by a local EMS official or a SWANA certification . An inspection is
considered satisfactory if the inspector knows the nature of all materials received in
the load and is able to discern whether the materials are potentially regulated
hazardous wastes or PCB wastes.
Ideally, all loads should be screened; however, it is generally not practical to inspect
in detail all incoming loads. Random inspections, therefore, can be used to provide
a reasonable means to adequately control the receipt of inappropriate wastes.
Random inspections are simply inspections made on less than every load . At a
minimum the inspection frequency will not be less than one percent of the waste
stream .
The frequency of random inspections may be based on the type and quantity of
wastes received daily, and the accuracy and confidence desired in conclusions
drawn from inspection observations. Because statistical parameters are not
provided in the regulation, a reasoned, knowledge-based approach may be taken. A
random inspection program may take many forms such as inspecting every
incoming load one day out of every month or inspecting one or more loads from
transporters of wastes of unidentifiable nature each day. If these inspections
indicate that unauthorized wastes are being brought to the MSWLF site, the random
inspection program should be modified to increase the frequency of inspections.
Inspection priority also can be given to haulers with unknown service areas, to loads
brought to the facility in vehicles not typically used for disposal of municipal solid
waste, and to loads transported by previous would-be offenders. For wastes of
unidentifiable nature received from sources other than households (e .g., industrial or
commercial establishments), the inspector should question the transporter about the
source/composition of the materials.
Loads will be inspected ori the working face of the landfill.
An inspection flow chart to identify, accept, or refuse solid waste is provided as
Figure 1.
Inspections of materials may be accomplished by discharging the vehicle load in an
area designed to contain potentially hazardous wastes that may arrive at the facility.
The waste should be carefully spread for observation using a front end loader or
other piece of equipment. The Division of Solid Waste recommends that waste
should be hand raked to spread the load . Personnel should be trained to identify
suspicious wastes. Some indications of suspicious wastes are:
• Hazardous placards or markings;
• Liquids;
• Powders or dusts;
• Sludges;
• Bright or unusual colors;
• Drums or commercial size containers; or
• Chemical odors.
Cherokee County will follow these procedures when susp1c1ous wastes are
discovered .
• Segregate the wastes;
• Question the driver;
• Review the manifest (if applicable);
• Contact possible source;
• Call the State Solid Waste Management Department;
• Use appropriate protective equipment;
• Contact laboratory support if required; and
• Notify the local Hazardous Material Response Team.
Containers with contents that are not easily identifiable, such as unmarked 55-gallon
drums, should be opened only by properly trained personnel. Because these drums
could contain hazardous waste, they should be refused whenever possible. Upon
verifying that the solid waste is acceptable, it may then be transferred to the working
face for disposal.
Testing typically would include the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure
(TCLP) and other tests for characteristics of hazardous wastes including corrositivity,
ignitability, and reactivity. Wastes that are suspected of being hazardous should be
handled and stored as a hazardous waste until a determination is made.
If the wastes temporarily stored at the site are determined to be hazardous,
Cherokee County is responsible for the management of the waste. If the wastes are
to be transported from the facility, the waste must be : (1) stored at the MSWLF
facility in accordance with requirements of a hatardous waste generator, (2)
manifested, (3) transported by a licensed Treatment, Storage, or Disposal (TSO)
facility for disposal.
E. RECORD KEEPING AND NOTIFICATION REQUIREMENTS
Records must be kept pursuant to an incident where regulated hazardous waste or
prohibited waste is found at the landfill. It is also recommended that records be kept
of all screening activities and incidents, whether or not, regulated or prohibited
wastes are found. This will help prove that the landfill owner/operator has acted in a
prudent and reasonable manner.
The best way to prove compliance with this requirement is to document each
inspection including :
Date and time of waste detection
Hauler name (company and driver)
Waste(s) detected
Waste generator(s) if able to identify
Action(s) taken to manage or return material(s)
Efforts taken if extreme toxicity or hazard was discovered
Landfill employee in responsible charge
40 CFR Part 258 requires that records should be maintained at or near the landfill
site during its active life and as long after as may be required by the appropriate
state or local regulations.
I'
I
Waste is identified as
Non-Hazardous
I
Deliver to
Working Face
I
Record
Inspection
I
Waste inspected by Personnel Trained
to Recognize Hazardous Wastes Prior
to Delive1y ar\Vorking Face
I
I
Waste is not Readily
Identifiable
I
Isolate Wastes by
Moving to Temporary
Storage Area
I
Have Wastes Tested
Including Unidentified
Containerized \Vastes
I
I
Waste Detennined to
be Non-Hazardous
Vlaste Determined to
be Hazardous
I I
I
Waste is Identified as a
Hazardous Waste
I
Refuse Waste
I
Record
Inspection
Retum to Working
Face and Dispose
Manifest and Transp011 'A'astes to a Facility
Permitted to Handle the Hazardous Waste (e.g.
A Facility with a RCRA Permit or Interim Status
I
Record
Inspection
FIGURE 1
I
Record Inspection
and Notify State
Director
Hazardous Waste Inspection Decision Tree
Inspection Prior to Working Face
I
----WASTE SCREENING CHECK LIST
(CHECK ALL THAT APPLY)
CONTAINERS YES
FIJI I
PARTIALLY FULL ............................................. ..
EMPTY ............................................................. .
CRUSHED ......................................................... . --PUNCTURED ..................................................... . --
POWDERS/DUSTS
IDENTIFIED ..................................................... .
UNKNOWN ...................................................... .
SATURATION .................................................. .
LABEL/HAZARDOUS ......................................... .
ODOR/FUMES
STRONG ......................................................... .
FAINT ............................................................ .
HEAT ............................................................. .
ITEMS FOUND
BATTERIES ..................................................... .
OIL ................................................................ .
BIOMEDICAL .................................................. .
RADIOACTIVE ................................................ ..
ASHES/RESIDUE .............................................. ..
SOD/SOIL ........................................................ .
LIQUID ........................................................... .
HAZARDOUS .................................................. ..
PCB'S ............................................................ ..
NO
..
Action Taken
-
--------------
11 ii
DETAILE D SCREEN ING REPORT
WASTE SOURCE
ADDRESS
PROBABLE [ ] SUSPECTED[ ] CONFIRMED [ ]
WASTE
-HAULER
ADDRESS
DRIVER'S NAME
DETAIL
NOTIFIED:
WASTE SOURCE [ ] HAULING MANAGEMENT [ ] SITE MANAGEMENT [ ]
STATE [ ] FEDERAL[ ]
..
-NAME --WITNESS (IF ANY)
DATE TIME AM PM
ACTION REQUIRED
• ..
5.4 Appendix II
1.
2.
3 .
4.
5.
CHEROKEE COUNTY SYNTHETIC COVER OPERATION PLAN
Determine the size of the area to be covered. Be sure to allow for five to ten feet
extra on each measurement to ensure that the refuse is completely covered.
The synthetic cover Is shipped to the landfill site with panels folded accordion-type,
then rolled up. Unroll the cover along the working face (depending upon
operations), and attach the leading edge of the unrolled panel to existing landfill
equipment with ropes (i.e., to the top of the blade).
Pull the sewn panels of cover across the compacted trash . The synthetic cover may
be pulled from any direction, which may vary from day to day. Keep the leading
edge between the two machines (or people) as high as possible to eliminate drag.
Anchor the edges of synthetic cover every 20 feet with tires or sandbags to hold the
synthetic cover in place. If it is windy, more anchoring may be required. Make sure
a large enough panel has been ordered to completely cover the refuse (base this on
the heaviest day to the week). If complete coverage is not possible, cover the
exposed refuse with soil; but take care not to place too much dirt on the synthetic
cover if it is to be re-used.
On the next day of operations, remove the tires and/or sandbags. Simply pull the
synthetic cover across itself (to reduce drag) and off the refuse to an area that is
inactive. Anchor the edges again to prevent wind from lifting the blanket. At the end
of the day, pull the synthetic cover back across the refuse by repeating steps 3 and
4 until a new panel is needed.
Synthetic Cover is designed to be used as landfill daily cover on a working face. For best
results, it is recommended that the area to be covered be kept as close to a square shape
as possible not to exceed 75' X 75' in size. Not only does this procedure allow for easier
coverage, it allows for better management of the working face and saves time at the end of
the working day.
Cherokee County will use a panel of synthetic cover that is pulled over the working face on
a daily basis by two pieces of landfill equipment. At the end of the working day, the panel
will be secured in place. This is attained by one of two methods: the panel may be heavy
enough to hold itself in place due to accumulation of soil and is left in that manner; or tires
are placed on the panel to secure it in place .
The working face is operated in this manner, brought to an intermediate grade and then
covered with the required six (6) inches of soil. The process will continue until a lift is
completed. The process is then started over on the next lift until the landfill is filled to final
grade and a section is closed. At a minimum six (6) inches of soil cover will be used once a
week.
TIPS TO REMEMBER
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Always pull the fabric across itself during installation and removal to make
each panel last as long as possible.
Avoid driving on the panel(s); this may cause punctures and tears.
Tie the panel(s) to the top of the dozer blade and raise the blade to minimize
dragging on refuse.
Use tires or sandbags to hold the panel(s) down overnight. Soil can be used
if you plan to leave panel(s) in place and cover with refuse.
Minimize stress between dozer/compactors while pulling on the panel(s).
5.5 Appendix Ill
EXPLOSIVE GAS CONTROL PLAN FOR -CHEROKEE COUNTY
Quarterly the Cherokee County landfill will monitor the explosive gas at the landfill
structures and at or near the landfill boundary. The permanent probes will consist of a
plastic stand pipe similar to a piezometer used for groundwater detection. A typical
permanent methane probe Is detailed In the operation drawings. I he permanent probe w1I
be constructed at a depth of six (6) feet. A 6" diameter hole will contain a one (1) inch
slotted PVC pipe. The bottom two (2) feet will be backfilled with non-carbonate pea gravel
with a bentonite seal one (1) foot thick above it. The remaining three (3) feet will be
backfilled with in situ soils. The one (1) inch PVC pipe will be approximately three (3) feet
above the existing grade. The PVC pipe will be capped with a one (1) inch PVC cap, one
quarter (1/4) inch NPT hose barb, and 1" tubing, plugged or capped.
The location and spacing of the methane monitoring probes is somewhat arbitrary. The
locations were determined by the relationship of solid waste with property lines and landfill
structures. The spacing of the monitoring probes is between 200 and 400 feet. The
migration of methane gas is induced by pressure gradients. The methane will move from
areas of high pressure to those of low pressure following the path of least resistance. The
methane will migrate vertically until it reaches the landfill cap, where it will begin to flow
horizontally. This occurs until it finds a pathway out, either by the installed methane
collection trenches or migration through the permeable in situ soils. Since methane is
lighter than air, it wants to escape into the atmosphere. It has been our experience that
whenever gas is migrating no matter what the spacing or depth of the monitoring probes,
the gas will fill the void created by the monitoring point and an explosive meter will monitor
the level. The six foot depth of the monitoring probes is to ensure a stable monitoring point.
The only time a shallow monitoring point has not worked is in a very heavy, impermeable
clay layer that acts as a seal to the migration of the gas. If a clay layer is encountered
during the construction of the monitoring points, it will either be moved beyond the clay or
excavated to a depth that is in the conductive zone below the clay.
The permanent probes will surround Phase 2. Cherokee County's landfill is designed with
a base liner system and cap system. There should be no migration of methane in the
permeable in situ soils.
The gas can be detected by use of an instrument that reports the percent of lower
explosive limit. The instrument being used is the Gas Tech GP 204.
Quarterly, a County employee will visit each monitoring point either the temporary or
permanent. The monitoring points consist of all methane probes and leachate collection
system cleanouts. Using the detection instrument, he/she will determine if methane gas
has filled the probes. If the probe is near the property line and methane gas is detected at
or beyond the lower explosive limit (100% LEL), it must then be determined if the gas is
migrating across the landfill boundary. If the probe is on the boundary or methane gas has
. '
migrated beyond the boundary, a remediation plan must be completed by Cherokee
County.
Other points of monitoring will be the landfill structures. Each structure will be monitored
for methane using the following methods:
1. All crawl spaces will be monitored;
2. All corners ,n the structure will be monitored;
3. Any holes, cracks and pipes through the foundation will be monitored
If methane gas is detected beyond 25% of its lower explosive limit in any structure, check
the calibration of the monitor and resample. If the reading is still above 25%, evacuate the
building and try to find the source of gas. If the source is found, try to remove the source. If
this fails, a remediation plan is stated in the operational requirements.
5.6 Appendix IV
CHEROKEE COUNTY'S RECIRCULATION PLAN
Cherokee County does intend to utilize recirculation as a means of disposal of their
leachate. The intention is to utilize recirculation as a method by which some relief can be
given to the pumping and hauling. This relief will come in the form of evaporation and
retention of water within the solid waste. The remaining leachate will be hauled to the
Town of Andrews Waste Water Treatment Plant for disposal. Cherokee County must
obtain a permit from the Division of Solid Waste before leachate recirculation can begin.
No water that comes in contact with the present surface of solid waste runs off any where
other than the leachate collection system.
The County will spread the leachate over the surface of the solid waste, that is at a
minimum five feet (5') deep, within the landfill . The spreading will be accomplished by one
of two methods. The first method is by simply backing their leachate hauling truck into the
landfill . A spreader hose will then be attached to the leachate tank and Cherokee County
personnel will manually discharge the leachate over the solid waste. The second method
will utilize the tank truck except the leachate will be used to wet down solid waste that is
piled up from being dumped from a truck or trucks . Once this pile is wet, it will be spread
around the working face by the trash compactor.
At a later date, a pump system may be incorporated into the system . The pump system will
pump directly from the leachate lagoon and the leachate will be spread in a manner as it
was from the tank truck.
Monthly monitoring will be performed to measure the leachate head at the leachate head
detection well and analyze the leachate for BOD, COD, temperature and pH .
The following conditions will be met by Cherokee County:
• A rain gauge and thermometer will be placed on site .
•Abase line sampling of leachate has been performed (See Attachment 1 ).
• A brief description of the equipment and its associated specifications is submitted (see
Attachment 2).
• Weekly record of leachate head measurements (s ee Attachment 3)
• Weekly record of leachate recirculated and leachate disposed (see Attachment 4)
• Weekly record of visual monitoring log (see Attachment 5)
• Weekly record of rainfall and lagoon depth (see Attachment 6)
• Records will be kept on a weekly basis.
• No leachate will be applied on less than one lift (8 feet) of waste .
• No leachate will be recirculated when it is raining, or when the waste is too wet.
• No run off or side seepage will be allowed .
• Odors will be controlled .
• Leachate depth will be monitored in the leachate head detection well to ensure that
the head on the liner does not exceed one foot for more than 24 hours.
• The application system will be properly maintained and documented.
• Leachate will be tested every 30 days and a progress report will be submitted
annually.
ATTACHMENT 1
BASELINE DATA
TO BE ADDED IN THE FUTURE
L£ACHA r[ RWRCULA TIO/'/ TRUCK
F L[ACHA T[ APFclCA ;,o:,
r----------------,/,:___----,
tiORXING FAC£
L[ACliA T[
APPL/CAT/ON
0
o O
o O
--_ ~/ l
A TTACf-fM[NT 2
LEACHATE I APPL/CATION ----~
ATTACHM ENT 3
CHEROKEE COUNTY LEACHATE HEAD READI NGS
DATE DEPTH AT HEAD TEST WELL
I;
11
ATTACHMENT 4
CHEROKEE COUNTY LEACHATE RECIRCULATION DATA
VOLUME HAULED
DATE VOLUME RECIRCULATION FOR DISPOSAL
Ii RECIRCULATED AREA
I (Section of
Landfill)
ii
I
i
ATTACHMENT 5
CHEROKEE COUNTY VISUAL MONITORING LOG
INDIVIDUAL
DATE MONITORING OBSERVATIONS
ATTACHMENT 6
CHEROKEE COUNTY RAINFALL AND LAGOON DEPTH LOG
DATE RAINFALL (INCHES) LAGOON DEPTH (FEET)
!
Appendix V
Cherokee County Leachate Collection System Inspection Log
Rainfall
______ inches (measured after each occurrence)
Pump Readings
Phase 1 Pump:
Date ------
-----Hrs.Run (total weekly)*
______ Gallons Pumps (total weekly)**
Manually Operate Pump _____ Date (monthly)
Main Pumps:
Date ------
-----Hrs . Run Pump 1 (total weekly)*
_____ Hrs. Run Pump 2 (total weekly)*
_____ Gallons Pumps (total weekly)**
Manually Operate Pump _____ Date (monthly)
Leachate Lagoon
Inspection of Liner
Repairs to Liner
_____ Date (Monthly)
Date ------
Leachate Lines
Date Videoed ------Date Flushed
Comments
*Hours Run/Week = Pre vious Week's Hours -This We eks Hours
**Gallons Pumped/Week = Previous week's gallons -This week 's gallons
. '
Cherokee County Modified Operation Plan
General:
1. A void the ponding of storm water any where on or around the landfill. Maintain
all drainage features so that water can be conveyed off site without ponding. If
__..:.:...--------------.c=u-'l=ve=n=s----;;a:=-ncnmc es are necessary, o not construct or msta them in waste or
create any situations where surface water comes in contact with exposed waste
and then runs off as surface water. In all cases, when surface water comes in
contact with exposed waste, the water has to be treated as leachate.
Daily:
1. Document rainfall for the day and if over ½ inch, inspect sediment basins within
24 hours of the rainfall event and monitor for parameters outlined in NPDES
General Stormwater Permit. Use standard form and document findings.
2. Maintain the smallest working face possible. Typically a 60' x 75' working face
should be adequate.
3. Nightly cover exposed waste with either the alternate daily cover (ADC) or six
inches of soil.
4. Assure that there is no standing water that can be diverted as storm water.
5. Assure that there is no potential for leachate leaving the working face during a
storm and migrating as surface water.
Weekly:
1. Random waste screening of at least 1 % of the weekly truck count and document
findings and include in the operating record. The County Emergency
management director is a good training source to use for the identification of
hazardous materials. Untrained personnel are not to handle hazardous waste.
2. Check all pumps and record meter readings for hours that the pumps have run.
Manually exercise all pumps for 5 minutes and record the date on the leachate
system form that this was done and include it in the operating record.
3. Inspect sediment basins, unless there has been ½ inch of rain in the week, and
monitor for parameters outlined in NPDES General Stormwater Permit.
4. Cover areas with soil that have previously been cover with the ADC.
Monthly:
1. Seed and mulch all exposed areas and include the dates in the operating record.
2. Monitor methane at the closed landfill for LEL which should not exceed 100% at
the property lines and 25% at any on site structures. Report results and include in
the operating record.
I •
3. Inspect the leachate lagoon for any damage to the liner system and document
findings.
4. Train landfill personnel as to the proper operation of the landfill. Document
training and incluae in the operating record. Document and include in the
operating record all training that is given landfill personnel.
5. Inspect the lagoon liner and have any repairs done immediately and record the
results of the inspection and/or any repairs. Include the report in the operating
recor
Quarterly:
1. Monitor methane migration at the active landfill for lower explosive limit (LEL)
which should not exceed 100% at the property line and 25% at any site structures.
Record and put in the operating record the results. If the limits are exceeded at
the property line and/or structures, determine the cause and install devices to limit
migration to County Property.
Semi-Annually:
1. Assure that the ground and surface water as well as leachate has been sampled
and analyzed and reports reflecting the latest sampling events are included in the
operating record.
Annually:
1. Flush and then video all leachate lines where access is available thru cleanouts.
Obtain a video of the results and record findings in the leachate collection system
inspection log. Include the video and inspection log in the operating record.
-
I
-,t~~.i 11· -~~ ~.,,:p;g.. t,,D
NCDEMR
~~orth Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Dexter R. Matthews, Director Division of Waste Management Michael F. Easley, Governor
William G. Ross Jr., Secretary
FACILITY PERMIT NO 20-02
Part 2 -Permit to Operate
Date of Original Issue: January 9, 1998
Amendment Date: April 1, 2005
Page 1
MUNICIPAL SOLID V'JASTE LANDFILL
FACILITY PERMIT
CHEROKEE COUNTY
is hereby issued a PERMIT to OPERATE a
MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE LANDFILL FACILITY
located on US Highway 129/7 4/19 near NC Highway 141 , Marble, North Carolina in accordance
with Article 9, Chapter 130A, of the General Statutes of North Carolina and all rules promulgated
thereunder and subject to the conditions set forth in this permit. Deeds for properties included in
the facility boundary are recorded in the Cherokee County Public Registry at Book 7 43, Page 193.
f;) /) I}
/'<.~"-/ {~ ~~
Donald J. 'ar d
Permitting p
Solid Waste Section
1646 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1646
Phone [phone]\FAX [phone]\lnternet http://wastenotnc.org ·.-._. ,·•_:· . . -·. . l.,. \~~~-: . .· . . -· I
An Equal Opportunity 1 Affirmative Aclion Employer .:: Prinled on Dua!purpose Recycled Paper · . . -· ... . . ·,· -· ,; .•,\ -·.-..
• •t,:\1:1i :._;-· .. __ ----i,.;; :-?·.}I~tl,(Jili::t~•:r}t<l~:_:iSf(:; __ '.}t\~;<_ .• ,_.
PART I:
PARTII:
Phase 1
1.
2.
Phase 2
3.
PART 111:
PART IV:
PART V:
PART VI:
ATTACHMENT 3
Approved Documents
GENER,i\L FACILITY
MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE LANDFILL
FACILITY PERMIT NO: 20-02
Part 2 -Permit to Operate
Date of Original Issue: January 9, 1998
Amendment Date: April 1, 2005
Page 2
Construction Quality Assurance Report, Part 1, Municipal Solid Waste Landfill
Facility, Cherokee County, North Carolina, dated December, 1997, prepared by
Municipal Engineering.
Construction Quality Assurance Report, Part 2, Municipal Solid Waste Landfill
Facility, Cherokee County, North Carolina, dated Oecemser, 1997, prepared by
Municipal Engineering.
Construction Quality Assurance Report, Municipal Solid Waste Landfill Facility,
Cherokee County, North Carolina, prepared by Municipal Engineering, submitted
February 16, 2005, revised March 16, 2005.
CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION LANDFILL CONDITIONS
LAND CLEARING AND INERT DEBRIS LANDFILL CONDITIONS
YARD WASTE CONDITIONS
MISCELL'ANEOUS TREATMENT ANO PROCESSING FACILITIES CONDITIONS
ATTACHMENT 4
FACILITY PERMIT NO : 20-02
Part 2 -Permit to Operate
Date of Original Issue: January 9, i 998
Amendment Date: April i, 2005
Page 3
Crn1ditio1Is of Permit to pera e
PART I: GENERAL FACILITY CONDITIONS
1. This permit shall be reviewed, pursuant to 15A NCAC 13B.0201(e), five (5) years from th e
issuance date of this permit to operate or the latest amendment (April 1, 2010).
2. In th e event of conflicts between this Permit to Operate and previously issued conditions,
the conditions of thi s Permit to Operate shall supersede previously issued conditions.
3. The solid waste management units within this fa cility shall conform to all operating
procedures describechn the approved plans, 15A NCAC 138, and the conditions specified
herein .
4. Additional cond itions and revIsIon of the approved documents or changes during the
operation of th e landfill require approval by the l\lorth Carolina Solid Waste Section.
5. On or before August 1 of each year, the permittee shall report the amount of waste received
(in tons) at this facility and disposed of in the landfill units to the So lid Waste Section , o r1
forms prescribed by th e Section. This report shall in clude th e following information:
a. The reporting period shall be for th e previous year, beginning July 1 and ending on June
30.
b. the amount of waste received and landfilled in ton s, compiled on a monthly basis by
county or transfer station of origin and by specific waste type if diverted, to a specific unit
within th e permitted facility; and
c. The completed report shall be forwarded to the Regional Waste Management Specialist
for the facil ity. A copy of the completed report shall be forward ed to the County Manager
of each cou nty from which waste was received.
6. Ground water quality at this facility is subject to the "Classifications and Water Quality
Standards Applicable To Th e Groundwater of North Carolina", 15A NCAC 2L. this includes,
but is not limited to, provisions for detection monitoring, assessment, and corrective action.
PART II: MUNICIPAL LANDFILL UNIT SPECIFIC CONDITIONS
GENERAL CONDITIONS
7. This permit approves the operation of the municipal solid waste landfill unit as well as the
on-site environmental management and protection facilities as described in the approved
plans.
··_:.;_···
FACILITY PERMIT NO: 20-02
Part 2 -Permit to Operate
Date of Origina l Issue: January 9, 1998
Amendment Date: April 1, 2005
Page 4
8. This permit is fo r operationa l approval of a fi ve yea r permitted disposal capacity of
approximate!y 2·15,720 cubic yards, consisten t with the contours as shown in the approved
plans.
MONITORING AND REPORTING
9. Ground water monitoring at this unit shall be as prescribed by the appropriate requireme nts
of 15A NCAC 13B .1630-.1637 and the approved monitoring plan.
·10. A readily accessible unobstructed path shall be cleared and maintained so that four-wheel
drive vehicles may access monitoring well locations at al l times.
11. A field log book which detai ls all development, sampling, repair, and all other pertinent
activiti es associated with each monitoring well and all sampling activiti es associated with
each surface water and leachate sampli ng location shall be kept as part of the permanent-
facility record.
12. Records of all ground-water, surface water and leachate analytical data shall be kept as part
of the permanent facility re cord .
13. Ground water monitoring wells and surface water sampling locations must be sampled for
Appendix I constituents at least semi-an nu ally according to th e specification s outlin ed in the
approved water quality monitoring plan and the current policies and guidelines of the
Section in effect at th e time of sa mpling.
14. Report s of the analytical data for each water quality sampling event shall be submitted to
the Section within 60 days of the respective sampling event. Analytical data shal l be
submitted in a manner prescribed by the Section.
15. The four in dependent sa mples which co mprise the ini tial baselin e sampling event sha ll be
coll ected from each ground water monitoring well and the report shall be submitted to th e
Secti on within six months after issuance of the Permit to Operate.
16. Untreated leachate sha ll be sampled and analyzed at least semi-annually concurrently with
the ground and surface water sampling. The leachate shall be analyzed for al l Appendix I
constituents, pH, specific conductance, BOD and COD, phosphate, nitrate, and sulfate.
Test results shall be submitted to the Section along with ground and surface water test
results. In the event leachate is recirculated, additional leachate sampling may be required.
OPERATIONAL CONDITIONS
17. Th e landfill unit shall conform to all operating requirements described in the approved plans,
15A NCAC 13B .1626, and the conditions specified herein .
18. The use of alternative daily cover requires approval, prior to implementation, by the Solid
FACILITY PERMIT NO: 20-02
Part 2 -Permit to Operate
Date of Original Issue: January 9, 1998
Amendme nt Date: April 1, 2005
Page 5
Waste Section. Requests for alternative daily cover approval must include a comprehensive
use and demonstration for the effectiveness plan developed acco rding to Section guidelines
and consistent with the approved plan. Pl ans which are approved by the Section will be
incorporated into, and made a part of, the approved documents found In Attachment 3.
19. The use of leachate recirculation as a leachate managemen t tool requires approval, by the
Solid Waste Section, prior to implementation. Requests for leachate recirculation approval
must include a comprehensive management plan developed according to Section
guidelines and which is consistent wi th the approved operation plan. Pl ans which a re
approved by the Section will be incorporated into, and made a part of, the approved
documents found in Attachment 3.
20. The MSWLF unit is permitted to co-di spose of wastewater treatment sludges generated
within the facility's approved service area, and subiect to the terms and procedures of the
approved plan. --
21. Closure or partial closure of any MSWLF unit shall be in accordance with th e Closure Plans
described in the approved plans and 15A NCAC 13B .1629. Final Closure Plan s shall be
submitted to the Division at least 90 days prior to implementation. Closure and Post-closure
plans, including financial in struments shall be updated annually pursuant to 15A NCAC 13
B .1628.
PART Ill: CONSTRUCTION A.ND DEMOLITION DEBRIS UNIT SPECIFIC CONDITIONS
PART IV: LAND CLEARING AND INERT DEBRIS UNIT SPECIFIC CONDITIONS
PART V: YARD WASTE UNIT SPECIFIC CONDITIONS
PART Vl: MISC TREATMENT AND PROCESSING UNIT SPECIFIC CONDITIONS
SECTION 2.0
OPERATION
PLAN
P:\.solid waste\G09l 12-Cherokee Amended Pennit lch l/27/2010 Rev. 7/27/2010 51
2.1 Introduction
The Gounty Landfill will only accept Municipal Solid Wastes (MSW) from Cherokee,Clay, Graham and Swain
Counties. The County will perform a vertical expansion on the existing 10.5 acre Municipal Solid Waste
Landfill (Phases 1 and 2) according to Subtitle D requirements.
The perimeter of the lined area is marked off by 3 inch PVC pipe at 100' intervals that are placed in the
V
-------.... a-ncbth-ol'.-treAcl=!G&.--Solid wasra.-wi.U.-AGt--9e-plawd within four (4) feet of this boundal:y..-m-asslJW....tl::latJt-is-be,H-in ... g>------
placed directly above the liner system so that no leachate can flow outside of this area.
All stormwater that comes in contact with solid waste will be handled as leachate. The leachate is collected in
the sump area, where it is pumped by force main to the lagoon.
Leachate will be treated at the Town of Andrews Waste Water Treatment Plant. The leachate will have to be
tested according to the pretreatment conditions outlined in the pre-treatment agreement.
Leachate will be recirculated. (See Appendix IV)
The leachate lagoon will be inspected on a monthly basis and a report generated and placed in the landfill
records. The report will include the date the liner was inspected, the inspector, general observations since
the last inspection, visible abrasions, possible stress cracks, or obvious punctures. Stress cracks can occur
in wrinkles that are generated from heat expansion or contraction due to freezing. Also, the HOPE liner may
deteriorate due to ultra violet light and this can appear as an abrasion where material can be scraped away
with a hard object. If any damage or possible weak spots due to ultra violet exposure has been detected, a
qualified HOPE installation company shall be notified immediately so that a repair patch can be installed. The
leachate level shall not be allowed to exceed the depth of the damaged liner until it has been repaired and
tested by the liner installation company. Once this has been accomplished all testing documentation shall be
placed in the operating records.
Daily cover will be the combination of soil and synthetic cover. The synthetic cover will be used on days that
the next days fill will be placed directly on top of the fill. Soil cover will be used when the next day's waste will
not be placed directly on top or the synthetic cover is not large enough to cover the entire area. Soil cover will
be placed at least once a week. (See cover requirements under operational requirements).
The County will implement a program at the landfill for detecting and preventing the disposal of hazardous
and liquid wastes. The program consists of random inspection of incoming loads at a minimum of 1 % of the
weekly traffic. Landfill personnel will be trained to recognize hazardous and liquid wastes. Records will be
kept on the training and the inspections. (See Section 2.3-Appendix I).
The County will monitor for explosive gases at landfill structures and the perimeter of the landfill. There are
eight(8) existing methane monitoring probes. The concentration of methane gases generated by the landfill
cannot exceed 25 percent of the lower explosive limit for methane in the structures, and it cannot exceed 100
percent of the lower explosive limit for methane of the landfill property boundary. (See Section 2.5 -Appendix
Ill) If methane gas is found to exceed the acceptable limits at either the property boundary or landfill
structures, it is the County's responsibility to do the following:
1. Immediately take all necessary steps to ensure protection of human health, i.e. no smoking,
temporarily abandon the structure and notify the Division of Solid Waste Management.
2. Within seven days of detection, place in the operating record the methane gas levels detected and a
description of the steps taken to protect human health ; and
3. Within 60 days of detection, implement a remediation plan for the methane gas releases, place a
copy of the plan in the operating record, and notify the Division of Solid Waste management that the
plan has been implemented. The plan will describe the nature and extent of the problem and the
proposed remedy.
P:\solid waste\G09112-Cherokee Amended Pem1it lch 1/27/2010 R~v. 7/27/2010 52
Off and on site erosion will be controlled through erosion control structures and devices. Provisions for a
vegetative ground cover sufficient to restrain erosion will be accomplished within 30 working days or 120
calendar days upon completion of any phase of landfill development.
The County will record and retain at the landfill an operating record of the following information:
----------+-(1 ..... )-____,l .... n-sp0GtiG~eteFmi-nati0A-Fee0FEls,anEl--trairn-n9-f)F0GeEltlft~------------
(2) Amounts by weight of solid waste received at the landfill ;
(3) Waste determination, Leachate sampling data, leachate levels, meteorological data ;
(4) Gas monitoring results and any remediation plans;
(5) Any demonstration, certification, findings, monitoring, testing or analytical data
required for surface and groundwater monitoring;
(6) Any monitoring, testing or analytical data required for closure or post-closure;
(7) Any cost estimates and financial assurance documentation .
All information contained in the operating record will be furnished upon request to the Division of Solid Waste
Management or be made available at all reasonable times for inspection by the Division.
Ground and surface water will be sampled and analyzed according to Subtitle D Appendix I detection
monitoring requirements. The monitoring frequency for all Appendix !(Section 2.3) detection monitoring
constituents will be at least semiannual during the life of the facility (including closure) and the post-closure
period. A minimum of four independent samples from each well (background and downgradient) will be
collected and analyzed for the Appendix I constituents during the first semiannual sampling event. At least
one sample from each well (background and downgradient) will be collected and analyzed during subsequent
semiannual sampling events.
If the County determines that there is a statistically significant increase over background for one or more of
the constituents listed in Appendix I at any monitoring well at the relevant point of compliance, the County will,
within 14 days of the finding, report to the Division of Solid Waste and place a notice in the operating record
indicating which constituents have shown statistically significant changes from background levels. The
County will establish an assessment monitoring program within 90 days. The County may demonstrate that a
source other than the landfill caused the contamination or that the statistically significant increase resulted
from an error in sampling, analysis, statistical evaluation, or natural variation in ground-water quality. A report
documenting these demonstrations will be certified by a Licensed Geologist or Professional Engineer and
approved by the Division of Solid Waste. A copy of this report will be placed in the operating record. If a
successful demonstration is made, documented, and approved by the Division, the County may continue
detection monitoring. If after 90 days, a successful demonstration is not made , the County will initiate an
assessment monitoring program.
P:\solid waste\G09I 12-Cherokee Amended Pennit !ch 1/27/2010 Rev. 7/27/2010 53
2.2 Operational Requirements
1. Waste Acceptance and Disposal Requirements
a. The Municipal Solid Waste Landfill (MSWLF) will only accept those solid wastes that it is
permitted to receive. Cherokee County will notify the Division within 24 hours of attempted
disposal of any waste the landfill is not permitted to receive Signs are placed at the entrance to
the Landfill stating that Hazardous and Liquid wastes are not accepted and that random waste
screening is performed.
i. Household Waste Disposal
(i) The County will maintain approximately 18 six-yard dumpsters for disposal of
residential household garbage across from the scale house. Site is always
open with five cameras used to maintain compliance. County personnel
empty dumpsters daily.
b. The following wastes are prohibited from disposal at the MSWLF:
i. Hazardous waste as defined within 15A NCAC 13A, to also include hazardous waste
from conditionally exempt small quantity generators.
ii. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) wastes as defined in 40 CFR 761.
iii. Bulk or non-containerized liquid waste will not be placed in the landfill unless:
(i) The waste is household waste other than septic waste and waste oil,
(ii) The waste is leachate or gas condensate derived from the landfill .
iv. White Goods, Yard Waste, Tires.
(i) White goods without refrigerants will be unloaded in the metal recycling area,
crushed , placed in an open-bed trailer, and delivered to a metal recycling
facility (by a third party).
(ii) White goods with refrigerants will be unloaded on a concrete pad at the end
of the recycling building . After a third party removes Freon, the appliances
will be placed in the metal recycling area and handled as white goods without
refrigerants.
(i ii) Yard waste (brush, clippings and grass) will be disposed in one of three
concrete bunkers located between the scale house and working face.
(iv) All limbs, brush, trees, and stumps (except for yard waste) will be unloaded
at the treatment and processing facility. Periodically, this waste will be
ground and will be sold as mulch to the public.
(v) Scrap tires will be stored on trailers provided (by a third party). Tires still on
the wheel will be loaded on the back of the trailer just prior to shipment.
Trailers will be delivered to a disposal/recycling facility (by a third party).
v. Containers holding liquid wastes will not be placed in the landfill unless:
(i) The container is a small container similar in size to that normally
found in household waste;
(ii) The container is designed to hold liquids for use other than
storage; or
(iii) The waste is household waste.
P:\solid waste\G09l 12-Cherokee Amended Permit lch 1/27/2010 Rt!V. 7/27/2010 54
vi. For the purpose of this paragraph:
(i) Liquid waste means any waste material that is determined to contain
"free liquids" as defined by Method 9095 (Paint Filter Liquids Test),
S. W . 846.
C. Spoiled foods, animal carcasses, abattoir waste, hatchery waste, and other animal waste
--------------H@!i.v.@rnci-tG-t.t:l@-ciispGsal-sit9-wi-I-I-l;Je-GGV-eFeEl-immefliat~~-------------------
d. The following are items that are banned from the landfill :
i. Beverage containers that are required to be recycled under G.S. 18B-1006.1
ii. Recyclable rigid plastic containers that are required to be labeled as provided
BELOW that have a neck smaller than the body of the container and that accept a
screw top, snap cap, or other closure. The prohibition on disposal of recyclable rigid
plastic containers in landfills does not apply to rigid plastic containers that are
intended for use in the sale or distribution or motor oil.
(a) For polyethylene terephthalate, the letters "PETE" and the number 1.
(b) For high density polyethylene, the letters "HOPE" and the number 2.
(c) For vinyl, the letter "V" and the number 3.
{d) For low density polyethylene, the letters "LOPE" and the number 4.
(e) For polypropylene, the letters "PP" and the number 6.
(f) For polystyrene, the letters "PS" and the number 7.
(g) For any other, the letters "OTHER" and the number 7.
iii. Motor vehicle oil filters.
iv. Wooden pallets, except that wooden pallets maybe disposed of in a landfill that is
permitted to only accept construction and demolition debris.
v. Discarded computer equipment (effective April 1, 2011 ).
e. Asbestos waste will be accepted and managed in accordance with 40 CFR 61 . The
waste will be covered immediately with soil in a manner that will not cause airborne
conditions and must be disposed of separate and apart from other solid wastes:
i. At the bottom of the working face or;
ii. In an area not contiguous with other disposal areas. Separate areas will be
clearly designated so that asbestos is not exposed by future land disturbing
activities.
f. Wastewater treatment sludges may be accepted either as a soil conditioner incorporated into
or applied onto vegetative growth layer but in no case greater than six inches in depth. Or
wastewater treatment sludges may be co-disposed in the lined area.
g. The County will continue a program at the Landfill for detecting and preventing the disposal of
hazardous and liquid wastes. (Section 2.3-Appendix I) This program will include, at a
minimum :
i. Random inspections of incoming loads or other comparable procedures;
ii . Records of any inspections;
iii. Training of facility personnel to recognize hazardous and liquid wastes.
P:\solid was1e\G09l 12-Cherokee Amended Pennit !ch 1/27/2010 R~v. 7/27/20l0 55
2
iv. If hazardous wastes are identified by facility personnel, Emergency Management or
personnel trained, shall be notified to identify the waste and address removal,
storage and final deposition of the waste.
h. Waste placement will be within the areal limits of the base liner system and in a manner
consistent with the effective permit.
Cover mater'
a. Except as in Part (b), Cherokee County must cover disposed solid waste with six inches of
earthen material at the end of each operating day, or at more frequent intervals if necessary,
to control disease vectors, fires, odors blowing litter, and scavenging.
b. Alternative materials such as synthetic cover may be used as daily cover on the working face
or until it is necessary to cover with earthen material. The alternative material must be
approved by the Division of Solid Waste and applied according to manufacturers
recommendations. At a minimum soil cover will be used once a week. (Section 2.4-Appendix
11)
c. Areas which will not have additional wastes placed on them for 12 months or more, but where
final termination of disposal operations has not occurred, will be covered with a minimum of
one foot of intermediate cover.
3. Disease vector control
a. Cherokee County will prevent or control on-site populations of disease vectors using
techniques appropriate for protection of human health and the environment. At the end of
every day, waste will be covered either by synthetic cover or 6" of soil cover. At a minimum
soil will be used once a week. Any waste that requires immediate cover, will be covered
immediately with soil.
b. "Disease vectors" means any rodents, flies, mosquitoes, or other animals, including insects,
capable of transmitting disease to humans.
4. Explosive gases control
a. Cherokee County must ensure that:
i. The concentration of methane gas generated by the landfill does not exceed 25
percent of the lower explosive limit for methane in landfill structures (excluding gas
control or recovery system components); and
ii. The concentration of methane gas does not exceed 100 percent of the lower
explosive limit for methane at the landfill property boundary.
b. Cherokee County will implement a routine methane monitoring program to ensure that the
standards of 4 (a) are met. (Section 2.5-Appendix Ill)
i. The type and frequency of monitoring must be determined based on the following
factors:
(i) Soil conditions;
(ii) The hydrogeologic conditions surrounding the facility;
(iii) The hydraulic conditions surrounding the facility;
P:\solid waste\G09112-Cherokee Amended Pem1it lch 1/27/2010 Rev. 7/27/2010 56
(iv) The location of facility structures and property boundaries.
ii. The minimum frequency of monitoring will be quarterly.
c. If methane gas levels exceeding the limits specified in 4 (a) are detected, the owner or
operator will:
i.
ii.
iii.
Immediately take all necessary steps to ensure protection of human health, i.e. no
smoking, temporarily abandon the structure and notify the D1v1s1on of Solid Waste
Management.
Within seven days of detection, place in the operating record the methane gas levels
detected and a description of the steps taken to protect human health; and
Within 60 days of detection, implement a remediation plan for the methane gas
releases, place a copy of the plan in the operating record, and notify the Division of
Solid Waste Management that the plan has been implemented. The plan will
describe the nature and extent of the problem and the proposed remedy.
d. "Lower explosive limit" means the lowest percent by volume of a mixture of explosive gases in air
that will propagate a flame at 25° C and atmospheric pressure.
e. Emergency response, if necessary, will be provided by the Marble Volunteer Fire Department
(VFD) located across Highway 19/74 in Marble, NC. The Marble VFD is reached by dialing "911 ".
5. Air Criteria
a. The County will ensure that the landfill does not violate any applicable requirements
developed under a State Implementation Plan (SIP) approved or promulgated by the US.
EPA Administrator pursuant to Section 110 of the Clean Air Act, as amended.
b. Open burning of solid waste, except for the infrequent burning of land clearing debris
generated on site or debris from emergency clean-up operations, is prohibited. Any such
infrequent burning will be approved by the Division of Solid Waste Management.
c. Earth moving equipment will be provided to control accidental fires and leachate tank trucks
used for water or leachate that would be recirculated can also be used. Arrangements have
been made with the local fire department to provide actual fire protection. This Fire
department has access at all times to the landfill to provide fire fighting services when
needed. Landfill personnel can use soil to isolate the fire so it will not spread any further but
actual fighting of the fire should be the responsibility of the trained fire department.
d. Fires that occur at the landfill will be reported to the Division of Solid Waste Management
within 24 hours and written notification will be submitted within 15 days.
6. Access and safety requirements
a. The landfill will be adequately secured by means of gates, chains, beams, fences and other
security measures approved by the Division of Solid Waste Management to prevent
unauthorized entry.
b. An attendant will be on duty at the site at all times while it is open for public use to ensure
compliance with operational requirements.
c. The access road to the site will be of all-weather construction and maintained in good
condition.
P:\solid waste\009112-Cherokee Amended Permit lch 1/27/2010 Rev. 7/27/1010 57
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
Dust control measures will be implemented when necessary. If dust problems should arise,
the county will use any reasonable means necessary to reduce it. At a minimum the county
will spray water on necessary areas.
Signs providing information on tipping or disposal procedures, the hours during which the site
is open for pubic use, the permit number and other pertinent information will be posted at the
site entrance.
Signs will be posted stating that no hazardous or liquid waste can be received.
Traffic signs or markers will be provided as necessary to promote an orderly traffic
pattern to and from the discharge area and to maintain efficient operating conditions.
The removal of solid waste from the landfill will be prohibited unless the County approves
and the removal is not performed on the working face.
Barrels and drums will not be disposed of unless they are empty and perforated sufficiently to
ensure that no liquid or hazardous waste is contained therein, except fiber drums containing
-asbestos.
Emergency response, if necessary, will be provided by the Marble Volunteer Fire Department
(VFD) located across Highway 19/7 4 in Marble, NC. The Marble VFD is reached by dialing
"911 ".
7. Erosion and Sedimentation Control Requirements
a. Adequate sediment control measures (structures or devices), will be utilized to prevent silt
from leaving the landfill.
b. Adequate sediment control measures (structures or devices), will be utilized to prevent
excessive on-site erosion.
c. Provisions for a vegetative ground cover sufficient to restrain erosion will be accomplished
within 15 working days or 30 calendar days upon completion of any phase of landfill
development.
8. Drainage Control and Water Protection Requirements
a. Surface water will be diverted from the operational area and will not be impounded over
waste.
b. Solid waste will not be disposed of in water.
c. Leachate will be contained on site and properly treated prior to discharge.
d. The landfill will not:
(i) Cause a discharge of pollutants into waters of the United States, including wetlands,
that violates any requirements of the Clean Water Act, including, but not limited to,
the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) requirements pursuant
to Section 402.
(ii) Cause the discharge of a nonpoint source of pollution to waters of the United
States, including wetlands, that violates any requirements of an area-wide or state-
wide water quality management plan that has been approved under Section 208 or
319 of the Clean Water Act, as amended.
P:\solid waste\G091 l2-Cherokee Amended Pe·nnit lch 1/27/2010 Rev. 7/27/2010 58
9. Liquids Restriction
a. Bulk or non-containerized liquid waste will not be placed in the landfill unless:
(i) The waste is household waste other than septic waste and waste oil,
(ii) The waste is leachate or gas condensate derived from the landfill.
b. Containers holding liquid wastes will not be placed in the landfill unless:
(i) The container is a small container similar in size to that normally found in household
waste;
(ii) The container is designed to hold liquids for use other than storage; or
(iii) The waste is household waste.
c. For the purpose of this paragraph:
(i) Liquid waste means any waste material that is determined to contain "free liquids" as
defined by Method 9095 (Paint Filter Liquids Test), S. W. 846 .
d. Test for free liquids:
Sludges or other wastes may be tested for free liquids after previous screening tests have
shown that the waste is not hazardous and does not contain PCB's. The specified test to
determine whether or not a material is considered to be a liquid is the Paint Filter Test
method 9095. The procedure for conducting this test is as follows:
(i) Obtain standard 400-micron paint filter;
(ii) Place a properly-sized, clean, dry funnel in a ring stand or similar
device;
(iii) Fold the filter and line the funnel with it;
(iv) Place a 100 ml sample of waste into the funnel;
(v) Place a clean, dry container under the funn"el ; and,
(vi) Check in exactly 5 minutes to see if any liquid is in the container.
(vii) If any liquid passes through the filter in 5 minutes or less, the waste is
considered to be a liquid. The filtrate can be water, oil or any combination of any
non-hazardous liquids.
10. Record keeping Requirements
a. Cherokee County MSWLF will record and retain at the facility, or an alternative location near
the facility approved by the Division of Solid Waste Management, in an operating record the
following information as it becomes available.
(i) Inspection records, waste determination records, and training procedures;
(ii) Amounts by weight of solid waste received at the landfill to include source of
generation.
(iii) Waste determination, Leachate sampling data, leachate levels, meteorological data;
(iv) Gas monitoring results and any remediation plans;
P:\solid waste\G091 12-Cherokee Amended Permit lch 1/27/2010 R~v. 7/27/2010 59
(v) Any demonstration, certification, findings, monitoring, testing or analytical data
required for surface and groundwater monitoring;
(vi) Any monitoring, testing or analytical data required for closure or post-closure; and,
(vii) Any cost estimates and financial assurance documentation.
b. All information contained in the operating record will be furnished upon request to the Division
of Solid Waste Management or be made available at all reasonable times for inspection by
the Division.
c. Cherokee County will maintain a copy of the operation plan at the landfill.
11 . Spreading and Compacting Requirements
a. The initial lift of solid waste will be placed over Phase 2. This lift will be covered with six (6)
inches of daily cover. This lift will absorb the rain water and allow some of it to evaporate
prior to reaching the leachate collection system. When a heavy rain does occur, the impact
on the leachate collection system will not be immediate. Prior to placement of solid waste
over any leachate pipe, the geotextile fabric that is covering the stone will be folded back so
that solid waste will be in direct contact with the stone. This method will not allow biological
growth to develop on the geotextile which could eventually clog the system.
b. The initial lift of solid waste will be placed loosely at a depth of 4 feet. As this lift is being
placed, a spotter should be placed in the landfill to assure that the compactor does not drive
any long, sharp objects through the protective cover into the liner system. If an object were
to penetrate the liner system, the protective cover must be removed and the penetration
repaired . The subsequent lifts can be placed up to final grades. Heavy landfill equipment
including articulating dump trucks, and compactor will only be allowed on areas that have a
minimum of 4' of solid waste. Only low pressure equipment such as a D6 LGP Caterpillar will
be allowed on the protective cover.
c. The landfill will restrict solid waste into the smallest area feasible, typically 60' x 75' area.
d. Solid waste will be compacted as densely as practical into cells. The compactor should run
over an area of solid waste a minimum of 6 times.
e. Appropriate methods such as fencing and diking will be provided within the area to confine
solid waste subject to be blown by the wind. At the conclusion of each day of operation, all
windblown material resulting from the operation will be collected and returned to the area.
12. Leachate Management Plan
a. The County will periodically maintain the leachate collection system.
b. The County will maintain records for the amount of leachate collected.
c. The County will quality sample their leachate bi-annually for Appendix I (Section 2.3)
constituents, pH, BOD, COD, TDS, phosphate, nitrate, and sulfate. The sample will be
obtained from the lagoon and sampled the same time as the monitoring wells.
d. The leachate is being treated by the Town of Andrews Waste Water Treatment Plant.
e. Under extreme operational conditions Cherokee County has the option of shutting down the
flow of leachate to the lagoon by shutting off the pump. The leachate will be temporarily
P:\solid waste\G09112-Cherokee Amended Pennit lch 1/27/2010 Rev. 7/27/2010 60
-t--
f.
g.
stored within the MSWLF units until such a time the flow of leachate can continue to the
lagoon. If any rain or other event requires storage of leachate or storm water in the cell , the
Division of Solid Waste will be-notified immediately followed by written communication.
Leachate will be recirculated. (See Section 2.6-Appendix IV).
The leachate lines shall be flushed at least once per year. This can be done by using a
_____________ t=a~□=k-er~i~11~ll~O-i -eitb.eLleacbataoLplaiaw.a.teL-l]:.i.e-liquicLcan either be pumped or gravity flow
into the cleanouts provided at the ends of the lines. Once the water is unloaded into the
collection system, there needs to be a visual inspection at the lagoon to assure that the water
unloaded into the system appears at the lagoon in a short period of time. This is observed as
an increase in the flow that is observed prior to unloading the water into the system .
In the event that it cannot be visually determined whether or not the flow in the leachate line
at the lagoon has not increased, a flow measuring device shall be used at the end of the
leachate line flowing into the lagoon. The measurements need to be done prior to dumping
water into the collection system and after.
If it is determined that a blockage is in the line, the line shall be pressure cleaned and
videoed to assure that the blockage has been removed.
Records of all flushing either by gravity or pressurized shall become part of the operating
record. Any videos that have been taken shall also become part of the operating record .
13. Recycling Plan
i. Metal Recycling
(i) All metal will be unloaded on the ground near the scale house building,
crushed, loaded into an open-bed trailer and transported to market (by a third party).
ii. Glass Recycling
(i) Glass will be collected at the facility and at convenience centers around the
county. The material will be picked up at the convenience centers by County
personnel and transported to the landfill facility where it will be unloaded into
two concrete bunkers (one for clear glass-the other for green/brown glass)
The glass will be crushed by County personnel and then transported to
market (by a third party).
iii. Batteries
(i) Automobile/boat batteries will be stored on a pallet near the metal collection
area and will be transported to market (by a third party).
(ii) Recyclable batteries/cell phones are collected inside the scale house and at
county convenience centers. Each battery/cell phone is individually wrapped
in a plastic bag, placed in a transportation box, then transported to market
(by a third party).
iv. Electronics
(i) Electronics will be collected on a concrete pad located at one end of the
facility where they will be placed on pallets, wrapped and secured in stretch
wrap, and delivered to market (by a third party).
P:~olid waste\G09112-Cherokee Amended Permit lch 1/27/2010 Rev. 7/'27/2010 61
v. Other Recycling
(i) Cardboard, plastic, newspapers, and aluminum cans from the convenience
centers will be transported to the facility recycling center by County
personnel. The materials will be sorted, baled and stored at the facility until
there is enough weight of each type material to constitute a shipment.
Materials will be delivered to market (by a third party). Fluorescent bulbs are
recycled by the vend .
P:\solid was1e\G09112-Cherokee Amended Pem1ic !ch 1/27/2010 Rev. 7/27/201ll 62
2.3 Appendix I
A. INTRODUCTION I The municipal solid waste stream is made up of wastes from all sectors of society. The waste is often
categorized by its source or its characteristics. Terms used include commercial, industrial,
residential, biomedical, hazardous, household, solid , liquid, demolition/construction, sludge, etc.
----------~B=e.,..g~ac~d=le~s-s~o-i~b-o~w.~o-□-e~c-lassifies ... w astes, tbe bott.omJir:ie.-is.-tbat wastes are delivered to the landfill
and a management decision must be made to either reject or accept them. This responsibility rests
with the manager of the landfill. Wastes which are not authorized to be accepted at the landfill create
a number of potential problems including : (1) liability due to future releases of contaminants; (2) bad
publicity if media learns of unacceptable waste entering the landfill ; (3) potential for worker injury ; (4)
exposure to civil or criminal penalties; (5) damage to landfill environmental control systems.
B. HAZARDOUS WASTE REGULATIONS AND MANAGEMENT
In the United States, hazardous waste is regulated under RCRA, Subtitle C. A waste is hazardous if it
is listed as a hazardous waste by the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in
the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 40, Part 261 , or if it meets one or more of the hazardous waste
criteria as defined by EPA. These criteria are :
• lgnitability
• Corrosivity
• Reactivity
• Toxicity
1. lgnitability
Ignitable waste is a waste that burns readily, causes a fire by friction under normal circumstances, or
is an oxidizer. Any waste having a flash point of <140F falls in this category. Flash point is that
temperature at which a liquid gives off vapors that will ignite when an open flame is applied. Under
Department of Transportation (DOT) definitions, a flammable liquid has a flash point of > 100 F. A
combustible liquid has a flash point between 100 and 200 F. Therefore, a flammable liquid is always
hazardous while a combustible liquid may or may not be hazardous depending upon its flash point.
2. Corrosivity
A corrosive waste is one having a very high or a very low pH . The pH of a liquid is a measure of how
acidic or basic (alkaline) the material is. The pH scale ranges from Oto 14. High numbers are basic
and low numbers are acidic. A substance having a pH s2.0 or 2'..12.5 is defined as hazardous under
RCRA.
3. Reactivity
A waste is reactive if it is normally unstable: reacts violently with water; forms an explosive mixture
with water; contains quantities of cyanide or sulfur that could be rel eased to the air; or can easily be
detonated or exploded. These wastes may fall into any one of several DOT categories.
4. Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP)
A waste is TCLP toxic if the concentration of any constituent in Table 1 exceeds the standard
assigned to that substance. The TCLP is a methodology which attempts to simulate the conditions
within a landfill. An acidic solution is passed through a sample of waste and the resultant "leachate"
is analyzed for contaminants. The TCLP is designed to detect heavy metals, pesticides and a few
other organic and inorganic compounds. The purpose of the test is to prevent groundwater
P:\solid waste\G09112•Cherokee Amended Pennit lch 1/27/2010 R~v. 7/27/2010 63
contamination by highly toxic materials. TCLP tests the mobility of 40 different elements and
compounds.
Except in certain specified circumstances, regulated quantities of hazardous waste must be disposed
of at a permitted hazardous waste disposal facility. In accordance with 40 CFR Part 261 .3, any
material contaminated by a hazardous waste is also deemed to be a hazardous waste and
must be managed as such. Hazardous waste from conditionally exempt small quantity generators
-----------a ...... re.-t.-.o ...... b .... e~d-isposed of in a Hazardous waste disposal facility. RCRA permits are also required to.,......st...,o ..... re.,.,,-----
transport, and treat hazardous waste.
C. POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL'S (PCBs)
1. Introduction
PCBs are nonflammable and conduct heat without conducting electricity. These compounds were
most frequently used as an additive to oil or other liquids in situations where heat was involved. The
PCBs enhance the heat conducting properties of the liquid and thereby increase the heat dissipation
or cooling effect obtained. They have also been used in lubricants and paint. In the United States
one of the most common applications was in electric transformers. The only effective method for
destroying PCBs is high Temperature incineration which is relatively expensive due to a shortage of
PCB incineration capacity.
P:\solid was1e\G09I 12-Cherokee Amended Pennit lch 1/27/2010 Rev. 7/27/2010 64
TABLE 1
-
T.C.L.P. CONSTITUENTS & REGULATORY LEVELS (mg/L)
CONSTITUENT REG LEVEL CONSTITUENT REG LEVEL
Arsenic 5.0 Hexachlorobenzene 0.13
Barium 100 Hexachloro-1,3-butadiene 0.5
Benzene 0.5 Hexachloroethane 3.0
Cadmium 1.0 Lead 5.0
Carbon Tetrachloride 0.5. Lindane 0.4
Chlordane 0.03 Mercury 0.2
Chlorobenzene 100 Methoxychlor 10.0
Chloroform 6.0 Methyl ethyl ketone 200
Chromium 5.0 Nitrobenzene 2.0
m-Cresol 200 Pentachlorophenol 100
o-Cresol 200 Pyridine 5.0
p-Cresol 200 Selenium 1.0
Cresol 200 Silver 5.0
1 ,4-Dichlorobenzene 10.0 Tetrachloroethylene 0.7
1 ,2-Dichloroethane 0.7 Toxaphene 0.5
1 , 1-Dichloroethylene 0.5 Trichloroethylene 0.5
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic 0.7 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol 400
acid
2,4-Di nitrotoluene 0.13 2,4,6-T richlorophenol 2.0
Endrin 0.02 2,4,5-TP (Silvex) 1.0
Heptachlor (and its 0.008 Vinyl Chloride 0.2
hydroxide)
P:\solid waste\G09112-Cherokee Amended Pennit lch 1/27/2010 Rl!V, 7/27/2010 65
By law PCB's are no longer used as dielectrics in transformers and capacitors manufactured after
1979. There are many millions of pounds of PCBs still in use or in storage. One example is the
ballasts used in fluorescent light fixtures. It has been estimated that there are between 0.5 million
and 1.5 billion ballasts currently in use in this country. Due to the long life of these units, about half of
these may be of pre-1979 manufacture and contain PCBs. Since each ballast contains about one
ounce of nearly pure PCB fluid, there are about 20 to 30 million pounds of PCBs in existing lighting
fixtures. These items are not the subject to RCRA Subtitle D Waste Screening!
Commercial or industrial sources of PCB wastes that should be addressed by the program include:
• Mineral oil and dielectric fluids containing PCBs;
• Contaminated soil, dredged material, sewage sludge, rags, and other debris from a release of
PCBs;
• Transformers and other electrical equipment containing dielectric fluids; and
• Hydraulic machines.
2. PCB Regulatory Requirements
As contrasted to hazardous wastes, the Toxic Substance Control Act regulates PCBs based on the
concentration of PCBs in the waste rather than the source or characteristic of the waste. The
regulations concerning PCB disposal are spelled out in 40 CFR Part 761 . Subtitle D of RCRA merely
requires that PCB waste not be disposed in a MSW landfill. PCB management requirements include:
Waste containing more than 500 ppm of PCBs must be incinerated. Waste containing from 50 to 500
ppm must be disposed of by incineration, approved burning, or in chemical waste landfill permitted to
receive such wastes. The regulations are silent concerning wastes containing less than 50 ppm of
PCBs; however, the regulations cannot be circumvented by diluting stronger wastes.
D. FUNDAMENTALS OF WASTE SCREENING
1. Know Your Generators and Haulers
Since the level of sophistication of your waste screening program will be a reflection of the likelihood
of hazardous waste and PCB waste being in your incoming waste, knowledge of the commercial
industrial base of your service area is critical. Some examples are the automotive industry, which
generates solvents, paint wastes, lead acid batteries, grease and oil; the dry cleaning industry, which
may generate filters containing dry cleaning solvents; metal platers which generate heavy metal
wastes; and other industries which generate a variety of undesirable wastes; e.g. chemical and
related products, petroleum refining, primary metals, electrical and electronic machinery, etc.
Landfill managers should also know the haulers and trucks serving the businesses in their community
· which are likely to carry unacceptable wastes.
Some local governments and solid waste management agencies have enacted legislation requiring
haulers to provide a manifest showing the customers whose wastes make up that particular load.
Such a manifest is an extremely useful tool when a load is found to contain prohibited wastes. It is
unwise to accept wastes from unknown, unlicensed, or otherwise questionable haulers.
2. Inspections
An inspection is typically a visual observation of the incoming waste loads by an individual who is
trained to identify regulated hazardous or PCB wastes that would not be acceptable for disposal at
the MSWLF unit. The training of landfill personnel will be conducted by a local EMS official or a
P:\solid was1e\G09112-Cherokee Amended Permit lch 1/27/2010 Rev. 7/27/2010 66
I
SWANA certification . An inspection is considered satisfactory if the inspector knows the natu re of all
materials received in the load and is able to discern whether the materials are potentially regulated
hazardous wastes or PCB wastes.
Ideally, all loads should be screened; however, it is generally not practical to inspect in detail all
incoming loads. Random inspections, therefore, can be used to provide a reasonable means to
adequately control the receipt of inappropriate wastes. Random inspections are simply inspections
made oo less than every load At .. ,unioi.muOLthe-li:ispecti onJrequency wil l not be less than one
percent of the waste stream.
The frequency of random inspections may be based on the type and quantity of wastes received
daily, and the accuracy and confidence desired in conclusions drawn from inspection observations.
Because statistical parameters are not provided in the regulation, a reasoned, knowledge-based
approach may be taken. A random inspection program may take many forms such as inspecting
every incoming load one day out of every month or inspecting one or more loads from transporters of
wastes of unidentifiable nature each day. If these inspections indicate that unauthorized wastes are
being brought to the MSWLF site, the random inspection program should be modified to increase the
frequency of inspections.
Inspection priority also can be given to haulers with unknown service areas, to loads brought to the
facility in vehicles not typically used for disposal of municipal solid waste, and to loads transported by
previous would-be offenders. For wastes of unidentifiable nature received from sources other than
households (e .g., industrial or commercial establishments), the inspector should question the
transporter about the source/composition of the materials.
Loads will be inspected on the working face of the landfill.
An inspection flow chart to identify, accept, or refuse solid waste is provided as Figure 1.
Inspections of materials may be accomplished by discharging the vehicle load in an area designed to
contain potentially hazardous wastes that may arrive at the facility. The waste should be carefully
spread for observation using a front end loader or other piece of equipment. The Division of Solid
Waste recommends that waste should be hand raked to spread the load . Personnel should be
trained to identify suspicious wastes. Some indications of suspicious wastes are:
• Hazardous placards or markings;
• Liquids;
• Powders or dusts;
• Sludges;
• Bright or unusual colors;
• Drums or commercial size containers; or
• Chemical odors.
Cherokee County will follow these procedures when suspicious wastes are discovered.
• Segregate the wastes;
• Question the driver;
• Review the manifest (if applicable);
• Contact possible source;
• Call the State Solid Waste Management Department;
• Use appropriate protective equipment;
• Contact laboratory support if required ; and
• Notify the local Hazardous Material Response Team.
P:\solid waste\G09112-Cherokee Amended Permit lch 1/27/2010 Rev. 7/27120 10 67
Containers with contents that are not easily identifiable, such as unmarked 55-gallon drums, should
be opened only by properly trained personnel. Because these drums could contain hazardous waste,
they should be refused whenever possible. Upon verifying that the solid waste is acceptable, it may
then be transferred to the working face for disposal.
__________ _,J__._e-st ... i n__,.,g,1-t ... y .... p..,ic.ea"'"'II~--' .... w"'o ... ul,.,.d-i nGklde the Toxicity Characi&risti c Leaching Procedu re (TCLP~stca---------
for characteristics of hazardous wastes including corrositivity, ignitability, and reactivity. Wastes that
are suspected of being hazardous should be handled and stored as a hazardous waste until a
determination is made.
If the wastes temporarily stored at the site are determined to be hazardous, Cherokee County is
responsible for the management of the waste. If the wastes are to be transported from the facility, the
waste must be: (1) stored at the MSWLF facility in accordance with requirements of a hazardous
waste generator, (2) manifested, (3) transported by a licensed Treatment, Storage, or Disposal (TSD)
facility for disposal.
E. RECORD KEEPING AND NOTIFICATION REQUIREMENTS
Records must be kept pursuant to an incident where regulated hazardous waste or prohibited waste
is found at the landfill. It is also recommended that records be kept of all screening activities and
incidents, whether or not, regulated or prohibited wastes are found. This will help prove that the
landfill owner/operator has acted in a prudent and reasonable manner.
The best way to prove compliance with this requirement is to document each inspection including :
Date and time of waste detection
Hauler name (company and driver)
Waste(s) detected
Waste generator(s) if able to identify
Action(s) taken to manage or return material(s)
Efforts taken if extreme toxicity or hazard was discovered
Landfill employee in responsible charge
40 CFR Part 258 requires that records should be maintained at or near the landfill site during its
active life and as long after as may be required by the appropriate state or local regulations.
P:\solid waste\G09l 12-Cherokee Amended Pennit lch 1/27/2010 Rev. 7/27/2010 68
t-
I
Waste is identified as
Non-Hazardous
I
Deliver to
Working Face
I
Record
Inspection
I
Waste inspected by Personnel Trained
to Recognize Hazardous Wastes Prior
to Delivery at Working Face
I
I
Waste is not Readily
Identifiable
I
Isolate Wastes by
Moving to Temporary
Storage Area
I
Have Wastes Tested
b1cluding Unidentified
Containerized Wastes
I
I
I
Waste is Identified as a
Hazardous Waste
I
Refuse Waste
I
Record
Inspection
Waste Detennined to
be Non-Hazardous
Waste Detennined to
be Hazardous
I
I
Return to Working
Face and Dispose
I
Record
Inspection I
I
Manifest and Transport Wastes to a Facility
Penniued to Handle the Hazardous Waste (e.g.
A Facility ,vith a RCRA Permit or Interim Status
FIGURE 1
I
I
Record Inspection
and Notify State
Director
Hazardous Waste Inspection Decision Tree
Inspection Prior to Working Face
P:\solid waste\G09I l2•Cherokee Amended Permit lch 1/27/2010 Rev. 7/27/2010 69
WASTE SCREENING CHECK LIST
(CHECK ALL THAT APPLY)
CONTAINERS YES
~1111
PARTIALLY FULL. ............................................. .
EMPTY ............................................................. .
CRUSHED ......................................................... .
PUNCTURED ..................................................... .
POWDERS/DUSTS
IDENTIFIED ..................................................... .
UNKNOWN ...................................................... .
SATURATION ............................... · ................... .
LABEUHAZARDOUS ......................................... .
ODOR/FUMES
STRONG ......................................................... .
FAINT ............................................................ .
. HEAT ............................................................. .
ITEMS FOUND
BATTERIES ..................................................... .
OIL. ............................................................... .
BIOMEDICAL. ................................................. .
RADIOACTIVE ................................................. .
ASHES/RESIDUE ............................................... .
SOD/SOIL. ....................................................... .
LIQUID ........................................................... .
HAZARDOUS ................................................... .
PCB'S ............................................................. .
Action Taken
P:\solid waste\G09l 12-Cherokee Amended Permit lch l/27/2010 R~v. 7/27/2010
NO
70
DETAILED SCREENING REPORT -
--------
WASTE SOURCE
ADDRESS
1: PROBABLE [ ] .SUSPECTED[ ] CONFIRMED [ ]
Ii
WASTE
HAULER
ADDRESS
DRIVER'S NAME
DETAIL
NOTIFIED:
WASTE SOURCE [ ] HAULING MANAGEMENT [ ] SITE MANAGEMENT [ ]
-
STATE [ ] FEDERAL[ ]
NAME
WITNESS (IF ANY)
DATE TIME AM PM
ACTION REQUIRED
P:\.solid waste\G09112-Cherokee Amended Permit !ch l/27/2010 Rev. 7/27/2010 71
2.4 Appendix II
1.
CHEROKEE COUNTY SYNTHETIC COVER OPERATION PLAN
Determine the size of the area to be covered. Be sure to allow for five to ten feet extra on each
measurement to ensure that the refuse is completely covered.
--------2~----<TH-htGe,__,s,...y .... n ..... th,.,e,...ti.,._c _.,c..,.o1 ..... 'e,,..r-+i,,,_s _,,s-hi,.,.ppoo to the landfill site witl+-panels folded accordion-type, then rolled up
Unroll the cover along the working face (depending upon operations), and attach the leading edge of
the unrolled panel to existing landfill equipment with ropes(i .e., to the top of the blade).
3.
4.
5.
Pull the sewn panels of cover across the compacted trash. The synthetic cover maybe pulled from
any direction, which may vary from day to day. Keep the leading edge between the two machines (or
people) as high as possible to eliminate drag.
Anchor the edges of synthetic cover every 20 feet with tires or sandbags to hold the synthetic cover in
place. If it is windy, more anchoring may be required. Make sure a large enough panel has been
ordered to completely cover the refuse (base this on the heaviest day to the week). If complete
coverage is not possible, cover the exposed refuse with soil ; but take care not to place too much dirt
on the synthetic cover if it is to be re-used .
On the next day of operations, remove the tires and/or sandbags. Simply pull the synthetic cover
across itself (to reduce drag) and off the refuse to an area that is inactive. Anchor the edges again to
prevent wind from lifting the blanket. At the end of the day, pull the synthetic cover back across the
refuse by repeating steps 3 and 4 until a new panel is needed.
Synthetic Cover is designed to be used as landfill daily cover on a working face. For best results, it is
recommended that the area to be covered be kept as close to a square shape as possible not to exceed 75' X
75' in size. Not only does this procedure allow for easier coverage, it allows for better management of the
working face and saves time at the end of the working day.
The County will use a panel of synthetic cover that is pulled over the working face on a daily basis by two
pieces of landfill equipment. At the end of the working day, the panel will be secured in place. This is
attained by one of two methods : the panel may be heavy enough to hold itself in place due to accumulation
of soil and is left in that manner; or tires are placed on the panel to secure it in place.
The working face is operated in this manner, brought to an intermediate grade and then covered with the
required si x (6) inches of soil. The process will continue until a lift is completed. The process is then started
over on the next lift until the landfill is filled to final grade and a section is closed. At a minimum six (6) inches
of soil cover will be used once a week.
TIPS TO REMEMBER
1. Always pull the fabric across itself during installation and removal to make each panel
last as long as possible.
2. Avoid driving on the panel(s); this may cause punctures and tears.
3. Tie the panel(s) to the top of the dozer blade and raise the blade to minimize
dragging on refuse.
4. Use tires or sandbags to hold the panel(s) down overnight. Soil can be used if you
plan to leave panel(s) in place and cover with refuse.
5. Minimize stress between dozer/compactors while pulling on the panel(s).
P:\solid waste\G09l 12-Cherokee Amended Permit lch 1/27/2010 Rev. 7/27/2010 72
T
2.5 Appendix Ill
EXPLOSIVE GAS CONTROL PLAN FOR -CHEROKEE COUNTY
Quarterly, the County landfill will monitor the explosive gas at the landfill structures and at or near the landfill
boundary. The permanent probes will consist of a plastic stand pipe similar to a piezometer used for
groundwater detection. A typical permanent methane probe is detailed in the operation drawings. The
permanent probe will be-GOOstructed at a deptl:l-Gf-s~)-f.Get.-A-0~giam001~Gle will cGntain a one (1) inch
slotted PVC pipe. The bottom two (2) feet will be backfilled with non-carbonate pea gravel with a bentonite
seal one (1) foot thick above it. The remaining three (3) feet will be backfilled with in situ soils. The one (1)
inch PVC pipe will be approximately three (3) feet above the exi sting grade. The PVC pipe will be capped
with a one (1) inch PVC cap, one quarter (1 /4) inch NPT hose barb, and 1" tubing, plugged or capped.
The location and spacing of the methane monitoring probes is somewhat arbitrary. The locations were
determined by the relationship of solid waste with property lines and landfill structures. The spacing of the
monitoring probes is between 200 and 400 feet. The migration of methane gas is induced by pressure
gradients. The methane will move from areas of high pressure to those of low pressure following the path of
least resistance. The methane will migrate vertically until it reaches the landfill cap, where it will begin to flow
horizontally. This occurs until it finds a pathway out, either by the installed methane collection trenches or
migration through the permeable in situ soils. Since methane is lighter than air, it wants to escape into the
atmosphere. It has been our experience that whenever gas is migrating no matter what the spacing or depth
of the monitoring probes, the gas will fill the void created by the monitoring point and an explosive meter will
monitor the level. The six foot depth of the monitoring probes is to ensure a stable monitoring point. The only
time a shallow monitoring point has not worked is in a ve ry heavy, impermeable clay layer that acts as a seal
to the migration of the gas .. If a clay layer is encountered during the construction of the monitoring points, it
will either be moved beyond the clay or excavated to a depth that is in the conductive zone below the clay.
There are 8 existing permanent probes surrounding Phases 1 and 2. Cherokee County's landfill is designed
with a base liner system and cap system, there shou ld be no migration of methane in the permeable in situ
soils.
The gas can be detected by use of an instrument that reports the percent of lower explosive limit. The
instrument being used is the Gas Tech GP 204.
Based on current conditions, there are eight(8) existing monitoring points. Quarterly, a County employee will
visit each monitoring point either the temporary or permanent. The monitoring points consist of all methane
probes and leachate collection system cleanouts. Using the detection instrument, he will determine if
methane gas has filled the probes. If the probe is near the property line and methane gas is detected at or
beyond the lower explosive limit (100% LEL), it must then be determined if the gas is migrating across the
landfill boundary. If the probe is on the boundary or methane gas has migrated beyond the boundary , a
remediation plan must be completed by Cherokee County.
Other points of monitoring will be the landfill structures. Each structure will be monitored for methane using
the following methods:
1. All crawl spaces will be monitored;
2. All corners in the structure will be monitored;
3. Any holes, cracks and pipes through the foundation will be monitored
If methane gas is detected beyond 25% of its lower explosive limit in any structure, check the calibration of
the monitor and resample . If the reading is still above 25%, evacuate the building and try to find the source of
gas. If the source is found try to remove the source. If this fails a remediation plan is stated in the operational
requirements.
P:\solid waste\G09l 12-Cherokee Amended Permit lch l/27/201 0 Rev. 7/27/2010 73
2.6 Appendix IV
CHEROKEE COUNTY'S RECIRCULATION PLAN
The County does intend to utilize recirculation as a means of disposal of their leachate. The intention is to
utilize recirculation as a method by which some rel ief can be given to the pumping and hauling. This relief will
come in the form of evaporation and retention of water within the solid waste. The remaining leachate will be
----"---------1h4;a#UcH<l8P'lldc1--H.tO+---t1+h1t-1e>-THO-P1W/'.l---Gf--AAdrews \iVaste VVater Treatment Plant for dicposal. ChOFekee--Geunty must ob-tai-n~a.,__ ___ _
permit from the Division of Solid Waste before leachate recirculation can begin.
No water that comes in contact with the present surface of solid waste runs off any where other than the
leachate collection system.
The County will spread the leachate over the surface of the solid waste, that is at a minimum five feet (5')
deep, within the landfill. The spreading will be accomplished by one of two methods. The first method is by
simply backing their leachate hauling truck into the landfill. A spreader hose will then be attached to the
leachate tank and Cherokee County personnel will manually discharge the leachate over the solid waste. The
second method will utilize the tank truck except the leachate will be used to wet down solid waste that is piled
up from being dumped from a truck or trucks. Once this pile is wet, it will be spread around the working face
by the trash compactor.
At a later date, a pump system may be incorporated into the system . The pump system will pump directly
from the leachate lagoon and the leachate spread in a manner as it was from the tank truck.
Monthly monitoring will be performed to measure the leachate head at the leachate head detection well and
analyze the leachate for BOD, COD, temperature and pH.
The following conditions will be met by Cherokee County:
• A rain gauge and thermometer will be placed on site
•Abase line sampling of leachate has been performed (See Attachment 1)
• A brief description of the equipment and its associated specifications is submitted (see Attachment 2)
• Weekly record of leachate head measurements (see Attachment 3)
• Weekly record of leachate recirculated and leachate disposed (see Attachment 4)
• Weekly record of visual monitoring log (see Attachment 5)
• Weekly record of rainfall and lagoon depth (see Attachment 6)
• Records will be kept on a weekly basis
• No leachate will be applied on less than one lift (8 feet) of waste
• No leachate will be recirculated when it is raining, or when the waste is too wet
• No run off or side seepage will be allowed
• Odors will be controlled
• Leachate depth will be monitored in the leachate head detection well to ensure that the head on the
liner does not exceed one foot for more than 24 hours.
• The application system will be properly maintained and documented
• Leachate will be tested every 30 days and a progress report will be submitted annually
P:\solid waste\G09l 12-Cherokee Amended Permit lch 1/27/2010 Rev. 7/27/2010 74
ATTACHMENT 1
BASELINE DATA
TO BE ADDED IN THE FUTURE
P:\solid waste\G09112-Cherokee Amended Permit lch 1/27/2010 Rev. 7/27/2010 75
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0 a
~ ~ ~
i:3 ~ a [
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LEACHA T[ R[CIRCULA TION TRUCK
1-L[ACHA f£ APPL/CA /10,•, _____________ _,_ __ _
~'ORi<INC FACE
L[AC/iA T[
APPL/CA 7/01'1
0
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---------
ATTACf-lM[NT 2
---------
ATTACHMENT 3
1 CHEROKEE COUNTY LEACHATE HEAD READINGS
' DATE DEPTH AT HEAD TEST WELL
!
i
I
P:\solid waste\G091 12-Cherokee Amended Permit lch 1/27/2010 Rev. 7/27/2010 77
ATTACHMENT 4
CHEROKEE COUNTY LEACHATE RECIRCULATION DATA
'f"' " '"' f, •t"<>1c, .sf'," "' c~• "' ')', " VOLUME 'HAl:JLED 0 ~ ' DATE VO l.:.UME " RE~ll,GULATJON,, -1:0R DISR.OSAL T«J;1:~:c ·--. ,,, ., ,., ",;,. . ~· ·; " ~j; ' H.c~lt,{UULA,I t:U ,~ AK,l;A "· J? tff
•J (Sec1ion ,of " .. ., ,, . ' ' .,
·,. tarrdfill) "' " ,·' ., T
I•
P:\solid waste\G09l 12•Cherokee Amended Permit lch 1/27/2010 Rev. 7/27/ 20 Ill 78
ATTACHMENT 5
I CHEROKEE COUNTY VISUAL MONITORING LOG
i INDIVIDUAL L '
.• , ~ ~! ,.. DATE ~ MONITORING OBSERVATIONS .
P:\solid waste\G091 l2•Cherokee Amended Permit lch 1/27/2010 Rev. 7/27/'}.010 79
ATTACHMENT 6
CHEROKEE COUNTY RAINFALL AND LAGOON DEPTA COG
DATE · ,,
'.~ + RAINFALL:'. (INCHES)" ' LAGOON 'DEPtH (FEET)
P:\solid waste\G09112.Cherokee Amended Pem1i1 lch 112712010 Rev. 7/27/2010 80
I
2.7 Appendix V
Cherokee County Leachate Collection System Inspection Log
Rainfall
_____ inches (measured after each occurrence)
Pump Readings
Phase 1 Pump:
Date -----
-----Hrs. Run (total weekly)*
_____ Gallons Pumps (total weekly)**
Manually Operate Pump _____ Date (monthly)
Main Pumps:
Date -----
-----Hrs. Run Pump 1 (total weekly)*
_____ Hrs. Run Pump 2 (total weekly)*
_____ Gallons Pumps (total weekly)**
Manually Operate Pump _____ Date (monthly)
Leachate Lagoon
Inspection of Liner
Repairs to Liner
_____ Date (Monthly)
Date -----
Leachate Lines
Date Videoed ------
Date Flushed ------
Comments
* Hours Run/Week = Previous Week's Hours -This Weeks Hours
**Gallons Pumped/Week = Previous week's gallons -This week's gallons
P:\solid waste\G091 l2~Cherokee Amended Permit lch 1/27/2010 Rev. 7/27/2010 81
2.8 Engineering/Operation Drawings
2.8.1 Title Sheet
2.8.2 Index Sheet
2.8.3 Existing Conditions
2.8.4 Phase 3 Fill Plan
2.8.5 Phase 4 Fill Plan
----------,,2-.8~.6H-F-PHTha-s-.e-4--,=f 1i-ll-wi#l--MetAa-Re-VeRtiflfj--P----------------------
2.8. 7 Miscellaneous Details
P:\solid waste\G09I l2~Cherokee Amended Permit lch 1/27/2010 Rev. 7/27/2010 82
COUNTY COMMISSIONERS
David Sumpter, 111, Chairman
Jonathan Dickey, Vice-Chairman
Dana Jones
COUNTY MANAGER
David Badger
SOLID WASTE DIRECTOR
Robert Allen
MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE
LANDFILL F AGILITY
ENGINEERING/OPERATION PLAN
Permit Number= 2002-MSW-1998
Site Location= 10160 US Hwy 19
Marble, NC 28905
Applicant= The County of Cherokee
Applicant's Address= Cherokee County Courthouse
75 Peachtree Street
Murphy, NC 28906
Engineer
Municipal Engineering Services Company,! P.A.
Garner, NC -Morehead City, NC -Boon~. NC
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LANDF(LL FACILITY Municipal ~UULs Engineerin
CHEROKEE COUNTY Services ~ Company, P.A.
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ENGINEERING/OPERA noN PLAN
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