8103_8105_Rutherford_MSWLF_CDLF_Phase2_Permit_LFGMP_FID1530396_20210219

LANDFILL GAS
MONITORING PLAN
RUTHERFORD COUNTY LANDFILL
RUTHERFORDTON, NORTH CAROLINA
Permit No. 8103-CDLF-2002
Permit No. 8103-MSWLF-1974
Prepared For:
Rutherford County Solid Waste Dept.
Rutherfordton, North Carolina
BLE Project Number J19-13675-02
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IM 13UNNELL
LAMMONS
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6004 Ponders Court I Greenville, 5C 29615
t, 864.288.1265 A. 864,286.43,90 w info@blecorp.[om
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ENGINEERING
February 19, 2021
Rutherford County Solid Waste Department
P.O. Box 1957
Rutherfordton, North Carolina 28139
Attention: Mr. James Kilgo
Subject: Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan
Rutherford County Landfill
Rutherfordton, North Carolina
Facility Permit Numbers:
8103-CDLF-2002 & 8103-MSWLF-1974
BLE Project Number J19-13675-02
Dear Mr. Kilgo:
Bunnell-Lammons Engineering, Inc. (BLE) is pleased to present this Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan (LFGMP)
for the Rutherford County Landfill located in Rutherfordton, North Carolina. This plan is being submitted in
general accordance with North Carolina Rules for Solid Waste Management, 15A NCAC 13B .1626(4) for
the Municipal Solid Waste Landfill (MSWLF) and 15A NCAC 13B .0544(d) for the Construction and
Demolition Landfill (CDLF) collectively the Rules. The plan contained herein includes procedures
performed at the facility in the past and incorporates the future development of the CDLF Phase 2 expansion
area.
We appreciate the opportunity to serve as your geological and environmental consultant on this project and
look forward to continued work with you at the Rutherford County Landfill. If you have any questions, please
contact us at [phone].
Sincerely,
BUNNELL-LAMMONs ENGINEERING, INC.
acl
Andrew W. Alex der, P.G., RSM
Consulting Hydrogeologist
Registered, NC No. 1475
cc: Ms. Jaclynne Drummond - DWM-ARO
Mr. Mark Cathey, P.E. - McGill
Attachments: Table of Contents
Tables
Figures
Appendices
Timot` h J DZ-
aniel P.G.
Y
Staff Hydrogeologist
Registered, NC No. 2653
6004 Ponders Court, Greenville. SC 29615 �864.288.1265 a B64.288.4430 [e-mail]
BLECORP.COM

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Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan
Rutherford County Landfill — Rutherfordton, North Carolina
TABLE OF CONTENTS
February 19, 2021
BLE Project Number J19-13675-02
1.0 INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................... I
2.0 GEOLOGIC CONDITIONS......................................................................................................... 2
3.0 LANDFILL GAS MONITORING PLAN................................................................................... 3
3.1 Monitoring Network Design and Phasing of Installation................................................................ 3
3.2 Monitoring Well Design and Construction...................................................................................... 4
3.3 Monitoring Schedule........................................................................................................................ 5
3.4 Quality Assurance and Quality Control Procedures........................................................................ 5
3.5 Monitoring Procedures for Structures.............................................................................................. 5
3.6 Monitoring Procedures for Wells..................................................................................................... 6
3.7 Landfill Gas Safety Guidelines........................................................................................................ 6
3.8 Reporting......................................................................................................................................... 7
3.8.1 Landfill Gas Monitoring Well Installation Reports.............................................................. 7
3.8.2 Evaluation and Reporting of Landfill Gas Monitoring Results ............................................ 7
4.0 CERTIFICATION.........................................................................................................................8
5.0 REFERENCES...............................................................................................................................9
Table
Table 1 Landfill Gas Monitoring Well and Point Data
Figures
Figure 1 Site Location Map
Figure 2 Water Quality and Landfill Gas Environmental Monitoring Systems
Figure 3 Landfill Gas Monitoring Well Detail
Appendices
Appendix A Landfill Gas Monitoring Guidance (November 2010) & Data Form (February 2020)
Appendix B Well Construction Records
Appendix C Continuous Gas Monitoring Device Instructions
Appendix D Environmental Monitoring Reporting Form & NCDENR Data Reporting Memo
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Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan February 19, 2021
Rutherford County Landfill — Rutherfordton, North Carolina BLE Project Number J19-13675-02
1.0 INTRODUCTION
The subject landfill site is located in Rutherford County, North Carolina, between the cities of
Rutherfordton and Spindale with a physical address of 656 Laurel Hill Dr, Rutherfordton, North Carolina
(Figure 1). Rutherford County owns and operates an inactive/closed MSWLF (Permit No. 8103-MSWLF-
1974) and an active CDLF (Permit No. 8103-CDLF-2002) consisting of one waste unit designated Phase
1. The county plans to construct a new CDLF waste unit in an approximate 5.5-acre expansion area
designated Phase 2.
Odom Engineering, PLLC (Odom), and McGill Associates (McGill) have been retained by Rutherford County
to provide engineering services related to the expansion. McGill has been retained to prepare an application
for a permit to construct for Phase 2. BLE has been retained by McGill on behalf of Rutherford County to
conduct a design hydrogeologic investigation for Phase 2 required under North Carolina's Solid Waste
Management Rules, Title 15A Section 13B .053 8(b)(1 -2) for a Design Hydrogeologic Report (DHR). That
work and associated assessment activities have been reported under separate cover (BLE, 2020; BLE, 2021).
The facility includes a network of landfill gas monitoring wells and structures which are monitored quarterly
in accordance with the facility permit. Rutherford County has requested that BLE prepare a comprehensive
LFGMP for submittal to the North Carolina Division of Waste Management, Solid Waste Section (SWS),
which consolidates the monitoring plans for the closed MSWLF and the operational and expansion areas
of the CDLF. The current LFGMP and Water Quality Monitoring Plan (WQMP) were prepared by Odom
in 2018 and were subsequently approved by the SWS (Odom, 2018). Parts of the Odom plans have been
adopted and reused herein. We understand that this LFGMP will be included as part of the application for
a permit to construct CDLF Phase 2, which will be prepared by McGill.
The objective of this project is to prepare a LFGMP, which will include procedures and locations for landfill
gas monitoring as required by the following North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)
Solid Waste Management Rules (Rules) for gas control:
• Title 15A NCAC 13B .1626(4) for the Municipal Solid Waste Landfills (MSWLF).
• Title 15A NCAC 13B .0544(d) for the Construction and Demolition Landfills (CDLF).
The landfill gas monitoring network for this site will be designed to provide monitoring of landfill gas
concentrations at the facility boundaries and within facility structures. The locations of the landfill gas
monitoring points are indicated on the attached Figure 2 titled Water Quality and Landfill Gas Environmental
Monitoring Systems.
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Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan February 19, 2021
Rutherford County Landfill — Rutherfordton, North Carolina BLE Project Number J19-13675-02
2.0 GEOLOGIC CONDITIONS
The subject site is located within the Inner Piedmont geologic belt. The crystalline rocks of the Inner
Piedmont Belt occur in generally northeast -southwest trending geologic belts in the Carolinas, and consist
of a stack of highly metamorphosed thrust sheets bound on the northwest by the Brevard Shear Zone and
to the southeast by the Kings Mountain Shear Zone (Rhodes and Conrad, 1985; Garrett, 2000; Garrett,
2007).
The Inner Piedmont includes high-grade metamorphosed sedimentary and igneous rocks that have been
exposed to multiple deformations (Horton and Zullo, 1991). Rock types that resulted from the multiple
metamorphisms include gneiss, schist and amphibolite with northeast/southwest trending foliation with
varying degrees of dip. Quaternary -age sediments consisting of sand and gravel fill the stream valleys.
The typical residual soil profile consists of clayey and silty soils near the surface, where soil weathering is
more advanced, underlain by micaceous sandy silts and silty sands. Residual soil zones develop by the in
situ chemical weathering of bedrock, and are commonly referred to as "saprolite." Saprolite usually
consists of micaceous sand with large rock fragments and lesser amounts of clay and silt. The boundary
between soil and rock is not sharply defined.
A transitional zone of partially weathered rock (PWR) is normally found overlying the parent bedrock.
PWR is defined, for engineering purposes, as residual material with standard penetration resistance (ASTM
D 1586) in excess of 100 blows per foot (bpf). Fractures, joints, and the presence of less resistant rock
types facilitate weathering. Consequently, the profile of the partially weathered rock and hard rock is quite
irregular and erratic, even over short horizontal distances. Also, it is not unusual to find lenses and boulders
of hard rock and zones of PWR within the soil mantle, well above the general bedrock level.
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Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan February 19, 2021
Rutherford County Landfill — Rutherfordton, North Carolina BLE Project Number J19-13675-02
3.0 LANDFILL GAS MONITORING PLAN
The objective of the Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan (LFGMP) is to detect the lateral movement of potentially
explosive gases in the subsoil and along man-made migration pathways toward on -site and off -site
structures in accordance with Title 15A NCAC 13B .1626(4), Title 15A NCAC 13B .0544(d), and in general
accordance with the SWS's Landfill Gas Monitoring Guidance, dated November 2010 (Appendix A). The
information gathered from landfill gas monitoring stations will be used to evaluate the potential explosive
hazard of methane gas accumulations within the explosive limits of 5 - 15 percent by volume.
3.1 Monitoring Network Design and Phasing of Installation
Landfill gas monitoring points have been (or will be) established on -site between the landfill disposal areas
and the facility boundary and have been (or will be) established in on -site structures.
The following criteria were used in selecting locations for landfill gas monitoring:
On -site structures such as the office/maintenance building and the scale house will be monitored;
Buried utilities at the site are (or will be) constructed with compacted soil backfill rather than gravel
backfill, and will not require monitoring.
Vertical migration of landfill gas is limited to the depth of groundwater; therefore, perennial
streams (where groundwater meets the ground surface) will serve as natural lateral barriers for
landfill gas migration in the subsurface. Therefore, locations along the site's property boundary
where there is not a perennial stream between the waste disposal areas and the property boundary
will be monitored.
The landfill gas monitoring network for the Rutherford County Landfill is summarized on Table 1.
The existing network consists of five (5) landfill gas monitoring wells (LFG-1 through LFG-5) in use for
the MSWLF and three (3) landfill gas monitoring wells (LFG-9, LFG-10, and LFG-11) in use for the CDLF
(Figure 2).
Four (4) piezometers labeled as landfill gas monitoring wells are present at the site and have been used for
water level measurement. These piezometers include LFG-6 (B-13), LFG-7 (B-17), LFG-8 (B-12S) and
LFG-8A (B-12D). These four piezometers are not part of the landfill gas monitoring network and will be
abandoned as necessary for waste unit construction (Figure 2). Construction diagrams for LFG-6 (B-13),
LFG-7 (B-17), LFG-8 (B-12S) and LFG-8A (B-12D) are included in Appendix B for reference.
Construction diagrams for the remaining landfill gas monitoring wells are not available.
Three existing landfill gas monitoring wells (LFG-9, LFG-10, and LFG-11) have already been installed and
will be utilized for monitoring of the Phase 2 CDLF expansion (Table 1 and Figure 2). No new landfill
gas monitoring wells are proposed or necessary as part of the Phase 2 CDLF expansion.
There are six (6) existing structures which are currently monitored for landfill gas. They include the Scale
House, Transfer Station, Storage Area 1, Storage Area 2, Maintenance Shop, and the Animal Shelter
(Figure 2). No structures are planned to be added to the facility as part of the Phase 2 CDLF expansion.
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Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan February 19, 2021
Rutherford County Landfill — Rutherfordton, North Carolina BLE Project Number J19-13675-02
The locations of the eight (8) existing landfill gas monitoring wells, four (4) piezometers labeled as landfill
gas wells, and six (6) existing structures are indicated on Figure 2 titled Water Quality and Landfill Gas
Environmental Monitoring Systems.
3.2 Monitoring Well Design and Construction
The landfill gas monitoring wells will be constructed in accordance with North Carolina Well Construction
Standards 15A NCAC Subchapter 2C, Section .0100.
The top of the screened section of each well will begin at approximately 5 feet below ground surface. The
bottom of the screened section of each well will be controlled by the following site -specific field conditions
at the time of installation:
• The depth to 5 feet above the stabilized groundwater level; or
• The depth to bedrock (auger refusal), whichever is shallower.
It should be noted in cases where a shallow groundwater or bedrock conditions exists, it will be necessary
to install landfill gas monitoring wells with shortened screen intervals with screen top less than 5 feet from
ground surface and screen bottom less than 5 feet from stabilized groundwater level or bedrock. Actual
well construction will be controlled by the subsurface conditions encountered at the time of installation.
In general, landfill gas monitoring wells will consist of 2-inch diameter PVC (Schedule 40 ASTM 480,
NSF -rated) casing with flush -threaded joints inserted into a 5.0-inch diameter (or larger) borehole. The
bottom section of each well will consist of manufactured well screen with 0.010-inch wide slots. In the
well, silica filter sand backfill will be placed around the outside of the pipe to 0.5 feet above the top of the
well screen. A hydrated bentonite seal will then be placed on top of the sand backfill to seal the monitoring
well at the desired level. The remaining well annulus will then be grouted to the surface with a
cement/bentonite grout mixture.
The surface completion of each well will consist of a valve or port placed on top of the pipe casing (so that
undiluted samples are collected), and a lockable 4" x 4" x 5' standup protective steel cover, with a 2-foot
by 2-foot square concrete pad at the base of the steel cover. Each well will be constructed with a weep hole
near the base of the outer protective steel cover. An identification plate will be fastened to the protective
steel cover that specifies the well identification number, drilling contractor, date installed, total depth, and
construction details. A typical landfill gas monitoring well construction detail is attached as Figure 3.
A geologist or engineer will oversee drilling activities and prepare boring and well construction logs for
each newly installed well. As -built locations of new wells will be located by a surveyor licensed in North
Carolina to within +0.1 foot on the horizontal plane and +0.01 foot vertically in reference to existing survey
points. A boring log, well construction log, a monitoring well network map, and well installation
certification will be submitted to the SWS upon completion.
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Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan
Rutherford County Landfill — Rutherfordton, North Carolina
3.3 Monitoring Schedule
February 19, 2021
BLE Project Number J19-13675-02
For the purpose of detecting migration of potentially explosive gas from the landfill, the following
monitoring schedule was implemented:
1. Upon commencement of active operations and quarterly prior -to -closure.
2. Quarterly for at least 30 years during the post -closure care period or until demonstration is made to
the SWS that methane gas no longer presents a threat to the environment.
Each monitoring event is to include observations for stressed vegetation due to landfill gas
movement. If present, areas around and beyond stressed vegetation will be monitored with a bar
punch to determine if landfill gas is moving off site.
4. Monitoring in, beneath, and around site structures (as appropriate) will be a part of each monitoring
event.
3.4 Quality Assurance and Quality Control Procedures
Landfill gas will be analyzed using a combustible gas indicator, such as a LANDTECH GEM 2000 Gas
Meter (or equivalent). The combustible gas indicator will be calibrated according to the manufacture's
specifications prior to the landfill gas survey.
Air samples from the wells will be withdrawn and analyzed with the combustible gas indicator. The
combustible gas indicator will provide direct readings of methane concentrations (0-100% methane and 0-
100% lower explosive limit [LEL]). Percent of methane and percent of LEL will be recorded, along with
pertinent data (as necessary) such as ambient air temperatures, barometric pressure, subsurface pressure,
weather conditions, and soil moisture conditions for a permanent record.
3.5 Monitoring Procedures for Structures
Each landfill gas survey will include screening at on -site structures. Recommended sampling locations
within structures include basements, crawl spaces, and ceiling areas. Each quarterly monitoring event
includes an internal sweep of structures with the designated gas meter collecting continuous readings while
moving through the entire structure and/or at accessible sampling locations. Readings of percent methane,
percent LEL, percent oxygen, ambient air temperatures, barometric pressure, and weather conditions will
be recorded on the Landfill Gas Monitoring Data Form (Appendix A) or equivalent form prepared for the
facility.
Continuous gas monitoring is currently only required in the animal shelter facility. Continuous gas
monitoring in structures will be achieved using permanently installed gas alarms. Instructions for
continuous gas monitoring which includes equipment specifications, alarm response procedures, and
maintenance requirements is included in Appendix C. The instructions in Appendix C should be revised
to reflect manufacturers' operational requirements if the equipment is changed and/or if facility or
regulatory personnel changes.
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Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan
Rutherford County Landfill — Rutherfordton, North Carolina
3.6 Monitoring Procedures for Wells
February 19, 2021
BLE Project Number J19-13675-02
The following procedures should be followed for landfill gas monitoring wells:
1. Remove the locking cap;
2. Connect the combustible gas meter tubing to the to the quick -connect valve located on the well head;
3. Purge the well for a minimum of 1 minute and until stabilized readings (percent methane by volume,
percent LEL, percent oxygen, etc.) are observed;
4. Record the stabilized readings (percent methane by volume, percent LEL, percent oxygen, etc.) in a
field book or on a field form;
5. Disconnect the combustible gas meter from the well head;
6. Replace the locking cap;
7. Survey the area for stressed vegetation; and
8. Move to the next well.
Reading of percent methane, percent LEL, percent oxygen, percent carbon dioxide, undisturbed
pressure/vacuum (as necessary), ambient air temperatures, barometric pressure, and weather conditions will
be recorded on the Landfill Gas Monitoring Data Form (Appendix A) or equivalent form prepared for the
facility. Readings of concentration of hydrogen sulfide will be recorded for landfill gas wells monitoring
the CDLF waste unit.
3.7 Landfill Gas Safety Guidelines
The following guidelines should be followed when at a landfill in the presence of potentially dangerous
gases:
1. No person should enter a vault or a trench on a landfill without first checking for the presence of
methane gas. The person should also wear a safety harness with a second person standing by to pull
him or her to safety.
2. Anyone installing large diameter wells in the landfill waste should wear a safety rope to prevent falling
in the borehole. Open holes should be covered when they are left unattended.
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Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan February 19, 2021
Rutherford County Landfill — Rutherfordton, North Carolina BLE Project Number J19-13675-02
3. Smoking should be prohibited on the landfill where drilling, excavating, or installation of equipment is
taking place or where methane gas is venting from the landfill.
4. Collected methane gas from a mechanically evacuated system should always be cleared to minimize
air pollution and any potential explosion or fire hazard.
5. Methane gas in a concentration of 5 to 15 percent is an explosive mixture. Methane gas accumulations
should be monitored inside enclosed structures to avoid explosive conditions and properly ventilate
dangerous areas when needed.
Personnel working on a landfill must be provided training regarding the danger posed by landfill gases.
Personnel operating safety equipment around the landfill must be thoroughly trained in its use and have a
clear understanding of the meaning of observations made with the monitoring equipment. Monitoring
equipment must also be periodically calibrated to ensure continued accuracy in the results.
3.8 Reporting
3.8.1 Landfill Gas Monitoring Well Installation Reports
A landfill gas monitoring well installation report will be prepared upon completion of well installation and
prior to waste disposal into any newly constructed waste units. The well installation report will include
documentation of boring logs, well diagrams, and field procedures. The landfill gas monitoring well
installation report will be submitted in electronic format in accordance with applicable guidance and if
physical copies are required by the SWS they will be sent to the following mailing address:
North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality
Division of Waste Management -- Solid Waste Section
1646 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1646
Additionally, copies of all installation reports will be kept at the landfill as part of the facility's operating
record.
3.8.2 Evaluation and Reporting of Landfill Gas Monitoring Results
Interpretation of quarterly sampling for landfill gas will be as follows:
Methane gas concentrations shall not exceed 1.25% by volume [25% of the lower explosive limit
(LEL)] for gases in facility structures.
2. Methane gas concentrations shall not exceed 5% by volume (the LEL) at facility boundaries.
3. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas concentrations shall not exceed 1% by volume inside structures and 4% by
volume at facility boundaries. Note that H2S monitoring is required for the CDLF only.
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Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan February 19, 2021
Rutherford County Landfill — Rutherfordton, North Carolina BLE Project Number J19-13675-02
If no landfill gas exceedances are recorded, then a copy of the monitoring results (Landfill Gas Monitoring
Data Form, Appendix A, or equivalent form prepared for the facility) will be retained by the landfill
operator and the results will be filed in the facility's operating record. Upon findings of landfill gas
concentrations which exceed limits, the following will be implemented:
1. Verification of explosive gas and/or hydrogen sulfide concentrations by immediate retesting.
2. Upon verifications of readings of explosive gas above 25% of the LEL in facility structures or above
the LEL at the facility boundaries, or hydrogen sulfide exceeding 1 % by volume in structures or 4% by
volume at the facility boundaries, immediate notifications to the SWS and appropriate local public
safety authorities such as the local health district, fire department, and police department will be given.
Structures with verified exceedances should be vented in accordance with fire department directives
and all occupants should be evacuated from the area immediately.
3. Within seven days of the detection, place in the operating record the landfill gas measurements and a
description of the steps taken to protect human health.
4. Within 60 days of detection, implement a remediation plan for the landfill gas releases, place a copy of
the plan in the operating record, and notify the SWS that the plan has been implemented. The plan shall
describe the nature and extent of the problem and the proposed remedy.
5. Based on the need for an extension demonstrated by the operator, the Division may establish alternative
schedules for demonstrating compliance with (4)(c)(ii) and (iii) of this Rule.
6. Results of landfill gas monitoring exceedances will include an Environmental Monitoring Reporting
Form (Appendix D) and Landfill Gas Monitoring Data Form (Appendix A) or equivalent form
prepared for the facility. The reports will be kept at the landfill as part of the facility's operating record
and will be submitted electronically (NCDENR, 2014) to the appropriate SWS Hydrogeologist and if
physical copies are requested, to the SWS at their current mailing address (Appendix D).
Copies of all monitoring reports will be kept at the landfill as part of the facility's operating record.
IKira) N71YMy[N11Y[$I►I
The landfill gas monitoring plan for this facility has been prepared by a qualified geologist who is licensed
to practice in the State of North Carolina. The plan has been prepared based on first-hand knowledge of
site conditions and familiarity with North Carolina solid waste rules and industry standard protocol. This
certification is made in accordance with North Carolina Solid Waste Regulations, indicating this Landfill
Gas Monitoring Plan should provide early detection of any release of hazardous constituents to the
uppermost aquifer, so as to be protective of public health and the environment. No other warranties,
expressed or implied, are made.
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Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan February 19, 2021
Rutherford County Landfill — Rutherfordton, North Carolina BLE Project Number J19-13675-02
5.0 REFERENCES
Bunnell-Lammons Engineering, Inc., 2021, Design Hydrogeologic Report, Phase 2 C&D, Rutherford
County Landfill; BLE Project Number J19-13675-01
Bunnell-Lammons Engineering, Inc.; March 19, 2020; Report of Groundwater Assessment February 2020 —
Background for the Phase 2 C&D Expansion Area, Rutherford County Landfill, Rutherford County, North
Carolina•, BLE Project Number J20-13675-04
Bunnell-Lammons Engineering, Inc.; February 7, 2020; Report of Groundwater Assessment January 2020 —
Background for the Phase 2 C&D Expansion Area, Rutherford County Landfill, Rutherford County, North
Carolina•, BLE Project Number J20-13675-04
Bunnell-Lammons Engineering, Inc.; January 16, 2020; Work Plan for Groundwater Assessment —Background
for the Phase 2 C&D Expansion Area, Rutherford County Landfill, Rutherford County, North Carolina; BLE
Project Number J20-13675-04
David Garrett Engineering and Geology; July 2007 (Volumes 1 and 2); MSW Facility Plan Amendment and
Permit to Construct Application for CDLFPhase IA, Rutherford County, North Carolina.
David Garrett Engineering and Geology; August 2000 et seq; Permit Renewal Application, Rutherford County
C&D Landfill.
Horton, J.W. and Zullo, V.A., 1991, The Geology of the Carolinas: Carolina Geological Society fifteenth
anniversary volume: The University of Tennessee Press, Knoxville, TN.
North Carolina Dept. of Environmental Quality (NCDEQ), 2020 North Carolina Division of Waste
Management — Solid Waste Section, Landfill Gas Monitoring Data Form.
North Carolina Dept. Environment and Natural Resources (NCDENR), 2010, N.C. Division of Waste
Management, Solid Waste Section, Landfill Gas Monitoring Guidance Document.
North Carolina Dept. Environment and Natural Resources (NCDENR), 2014, Division of Waste
Management, Solid Waste Section, Groundwater, Surface Water, Soil, Sediment, and Landfill Gas
Electronic Document Submittal.
Odom Engineering, PLLC, November 15, 2018; Landfill Groundwater and Surface Water Gas Monitoring
Plan — Rutherford County Active C&D Landfill.
Odom Engineering, PLLC, November 1, 2018; Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan —Rutherford County Active C&D
Landfill.
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Rutherford County Landfill — Rutherfordton, North Carolina BLE Project Number J19-13675-02
Rhodes, Thomas S., and Conrad, Stephen G., 1985, Geologic Map of North Carolina: Department of
Natural Resources and Community Development, Division of Land Resources, and the NC Geological
Survey, 1:500,000-scale, compiled by Brown, Philip M., et al, and Parker, John M. III, and in association
with the State Geologic Map Advisory Committee.
Scarlett Geophysical Consulting, P.C.; July 2019 et antequam; Rutherford County Central Sanitary Landfill
May 2019 Sampling.
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Table

Table 1
Landfill Gas Monitoring Well and Point Data
Rutherford County Landfill
Rutherfordton, North Carolina
Permit No. 8103-CDLF-2002
Permit No. 8103-MSWLF-1974
BLE Project Number J19-13675-02
Monitoring Wells and Points
Installation
Date
Geology Monitored
MSWLF
or CDLFI
Well Diameter
(in)
Northing
Easting
TOC
Elevation (ft)
Ground Surface
Elevation (ft)
Well Depth
BTOC (ft)
Screen Depth
(below GS)
LFG-1
DNA
DNA
MSWLF
1.0
594,382
1,120,312
DNA
DNA
3.38
1.6 - 2.2
LFG-2
DNA
DNA
MSWLF
1.0
593,876
1,120,139
DNA
DNA
3.12
1.9 - 2.7
LFG-3
DNA
DNA
MSWLF
1.0
593,177
1,119,951
DNA
DNA
3.30
1.4 - 2.5
LFG-4
DNA
DNA
MSWLF
1.0
592,971
1,119,322
DNA
DNA
4.78
1.9 - 2.9
LFG-5
DNA
DNA
MSWLF
1.0
593,638
1,118,822
DNA
DNA
4.63
1.6 - 2.8
LFG-6 (B-13)
Piezometer Labeled as LFG (Not Used) - Pending Abandonment
LFG-7 (B-17)
Piezometer Labeled as LFG (Not Used) - Pending Abandonment
LFG-8 (B-12S)
Piezometer Labeled as LFG (Not Used)
LFG-8A (B-12D)
Piezometer Labeled as LFG (Not Used)
LFG-9
DNA
DNA
CDLF
2.0
596,979.03
1,120,087.63
992.20
988.32
DNA
DNA
LFG-10
DNA
DNA
CDLF
2.0
596,108.37
1,120,128.56
975.07
971.36
DNA
DNA
LFG-11
DNA
DNA
CDLF
2.0
596,417.18
1,119,314.26
980.37
977.53
DNA
DNA
Scale House
NA
Enclosed Structure
Facility
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Transfer Station
NA
Enclosed Structure
Facility
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Maintenance Shop
NA
Enclosed Structure
Facility
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Storage Area 1
NA
Enclosed Structure
Facility
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Storage Area 2
NA
Enclosed Structure
I Facility
I NA
I NA
NA
I NA
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NA
Enclosed Structure
I Facility
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NA
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INA
1 - Based on visual observation of Figure 2 and 3 of Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan by Odom Engineering dated November 1, 2018.
LFG - Landfill Gas Monitoring Well.
All depth measurements in feet - All elevations referenced from NAVD88.
Horizontal Datum - NAD83(2011)
TOC - Top of Casing.
GS - Ground Surface.
DNA - Data Not Available.
NA - Not Applicable.
Prepared by: RLB
Checked by: IAI/AWA
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USGS TOPOGRAPHIC MAP, 7.5
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APPROXIMATE SCALE IN FEET Z . _
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DRAWN: KLW
DATE: 1-20-21
BUNNELL
FIGURE
'
LAMMONS
ENGINEERING
6004 Ponders Court, Greenville, SC 29615
Phone: [phone] Fax: [phone]
SITE LOCATION MAP
RUTHERFORD COUNTY LANDFILL
RUTHERFORDTON, NORTH CAROLINA
CHECKED: RLB
CAD: F1 RCLF-02SLM
APPROVED: AWA
JOB N0: J19-13675-02

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MONITORING LOCATION LEGEND
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SURVEYED BY
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SURVEYED BY
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EXISTING 10' CONTOUR — LIDAR/ALS/MCGILL
STREAM
FACILITY BOUNDARY
WASTE UNIT BOUNDARY
PHASE 2 UNIT BOUNDARY [EXPANSION AREA]
REFERENCES:
1. RUTHERFORD COUNTY LANDFILL GROUNDWATER AND SURFACE WATER
MONITORING PLAN FIGURE 2 AND 3 PREPARED BY ODOM ENGINEERING
DATED NOVEMBER 15, 2018
2. RUTHERFORD COUNTY LANDFILL GAS MONITORING PLAN FIGURE 2 AND
3 PREPARED BY ODOM ENGINEERING DATED NOVEMBER 1, 2018
3. RUTHERFORD COUNTY LANDFILL — SURVEY CONTROL REPORT AND
BORE/WELL LOCATIONS REPORT ID CDO0640 PREPARED BY MCGILL
DATED JANUARY 7, 2020
NOTES:
LOCATION ACCURACY OF THE FEATURES SHOWN IS LIMITED BY THE
REFERENCES THEMSELVES.
GENERAL MAP REFERENCE
200 100 0 200 400
APPROXIMATE SCALE IN FEET
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7► 5 cc
vFot� ;P�o,;:
WATER QUALITY AND LANDFILL GAS ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING SYSTEMS
RUTHERFORD COUNTY LANDFILL
RUTHERFORDTON, NORTH CAROLINA
FIGURE NO.
2

PROTECTIVE COVER WITH LOCK
WELL CAP WITH VALVE
WELL ID PLATE
STEEL PROTECTOR CAP
DRAIN/WEEP HOLE
SURVEYOR'S PIN FLUSH MOUNT)
GROUND SURFACE � 2' x 2' x 4" CONCRETE PAD - SLOPE TO DRAIN
c~n w CONTINUOUS POUR CONCRETE CAP
2 FEET MIN. W p AND WELL APRON
li N
TOP OF WELL SCREEN (5 FEET) BENTONITE LAYER
(2.5 FEET)
WELL DIAMETER 2" PVC THREADED
BOREHOLE DIAMETER
5 INCHES MINIMUM
(NOMINAL DIMENSION)
SILICA FILTER PACK SAND
SCREENED INTERVAL 0.010 INCH SLOT
MANUFACTURED SCREEN
(VARIABLE LENGTH)
BOTTOM CAP
v v POTENTIOMETRIC SURFACE
NOTES:
1. THE TOP OF THE SCREENED SECTION OF THE LFG WELL WILL BEGIN AT APPROXIMATELY 5 FEET
BELOW GROUND SURFACE. THE BOTTOM OF THE SCREENED SECTION OF THE LFG WELL WILL BE
CONTROLLED BY THE FOLLOWING SITE -SPECIFIC FIELD CONDITIONS AT THE TIME OF
INSTALLATION: THE DEPTH TO 5 FEET ABOVE THE STABILIZED GROUNDWATER LEVEL OR THE
DEPTH TO BEDROCK (AUGER REFUSAL), WHICHEVER IS SHALLOWER.
2. PLACE PEA GRAVEL IN ANNULAR SPACE BETWEEN PVC STICK UP AND STEEL PROTECTIVE CASING.
LANDFILL GAS (LFG) MONITORING WELL
JOB NO.: J19-13675-02 BUNNELL FIGURE
is
s' ' LA M M O N S LAI'IDFU GAS MON17DRING HELL DETAIL
DATE: ENGINEERING RUTHERFORD COUNTY LANDFILL
2-1-21 SCALE: 6004 Ponders Court, Greenville, SC 29615 RUTHERFORDTON, NORTH CAROLINA
3
NOT TO SCALE Phone: (864) 2RB-1265 Fox: [phone]

APPENDIX A
Landfill Gas Monitoring Guidance
(November 2010)
& Data Form (February 2020)

NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF
ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES
DIVISION OF WASTE MANAGEMENT
SOLID WASTE SECTION
LANDFILL GAS MONITORING GUIDANCE
NOVEMBER 2010
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section 1
— Introduction..............................................................................................Page 2
Section 2
— Factors Influencing Landfill Gas Generation and Migration ..............................Page
3
Section 3
- Current Solid Waste Section Rules Pertaining to Landfill Gas Monitoring
..............Page 5
Section 4
— Landfill Gas Incidents and Explosions ........................................................Page 9
Section 5
— Landfill Gas Monitoring Wells..................................................................Page
11
Section 6
— Landfill Gas Monitoring Instrumentation .....................................................Page
14
Section 7
— References.........................................................................................Page
17
Section 8
— Suggested Outline for a Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan ......................................Page
18
Section 9
— Checklist of Items to be Included in a Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan ......................Page
19

SECTION 1- Introduction
North Carolina Solid Waste Management Rules 15A NCAC 13B require quarterly monitoring of methane
gas (at MSW landfills) and quarterly monitoring of methane and other explosive landfill gases (LFG) (at
C&D and other landfills) to ensure that landfill gas does not exceed the lower explosive limit (LEL) at the
facility property boundary or 25 percent of the lower explosive limit in facility structures. If the
concentration exceeds the specified limits, steps must be taken to ensure the protection of public health
and a remediation plan must be implemented immediately. A landfill gas monitoring plan is necessary to
ensure that these performance standards are met and this guidance document was developed to assist in
establishing a standardized procedure for the monitoring of landfill gas.
Background
Organic matter in landfills begins to decompose almost immediately after being placed in a disposal site.
Putrescible wastes such as food products and sewage sludges begin to break down by biological processes
very rapidly whereas paper, cardboard or cellulose based materials are slower to decompose. However,
when conditions become favorable, most organic matter will decompose. The decomposition process
typically goes through several stages that depend on conditions such as pH, temperature, and moisture
content. The final stage results in the production of methane and although the rate of production may
vary, most landfills produce methane.
Landfill Gas Generation
Landfill gas is a natural by-product of the anaerobic decomposition of organic waste in a landfill. The
composition, quantity and rate of landfill gas generation are dependent on the types of waste that are
decomposing and the level of microbial activity within the wastes. The decomposition of biodegradable
waste begins with aerobic decomposition which lasts until the oxygen in the landfill is depleted. The
anaerobic phase then begins, resulting in landfill gas production.
There are four stages of landfill gas composition: the first stage is characterized by elevated nitrogen
levels and occurs when the landfill is new. The second stage is characterized by elevated carbon dioxide
levels and occurs for a relatively short period of time after the initial stage is complete. The third and
fourth stages are characterized by elevated methane concentrations and represent the active life of a
landfill and the post -closure time frame.
Landfill gas is generally composed of 50-55% methane (CH4); 45-50% carbon dioxide (CO2); less than
5% nitrogen (N2); and less than 1% non -methane organic compounds. These individual gases generally
remain co -mingled and do not naturally separate. The Solid Waste Section (SWS) Rules typically focus
on methane (CH4) and its explosive properties due to public safety issues. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is
also of particular concern in landfills and is typically recognized by its rotten egg odor. H2S is
immediately dangerous to life and health at concentrations of 100 parts per million (ppm).
Landfill Gas Migration
The production of landfill gas creates a positive pressure within the landfill that forces the gas to migrate.
Landfill gas migrates from place to place by diffusion and pressure gradient and will follow the path of
least resistance. Subsurface gas typically migrates above the groundwater table and is restricted laterally
by streams. Porous soils lying above the bedrock can serve as pathways to transmit large volumes of gas.
Underground off -site migration is common and can be facilitated by the presence of pipelines, buried
utility corridors or trenches located within or adjacent to the landfill boundaries. Movement depends on
soil type and moisture, and migration distances of 1,500 feet have been observed. Barometric pressure
also influences movement. Falling barometric pressure allows methane to migrate out of the landfill and
into surrounding areas.

SECTION 2 - Factors Influencing Landfill Gas Generation and Migration
Factors that affect landfill gas generation and migration through the subsurface include the following:
Waste Composition
The production of landfill gas is directly related to the amount of organic matter present in waste. The
bacteria that break down the waste require small amounts of specific minerals such as calcium, potassium,
magnesium and other micronutrients. Bacteria are able to thrive and produce landfill gas if the
minerals/micronutrients are present. If the minerals/micronutrients are not present or if substances that
inhibit bacterial growth exist, landfill gas production will occur at a reduced rate. Some forms of organic
matter such as cellulose break down quickly whereas matter such as lignin breaks down more slowly.
The rate at which landfill gas is produced depends on the proportions of each type of organic matter
present in the waste.
Moisture Content
Landfills with higher moisture content generate higher concentrations of landfill gas in earlier stages of
development (such as during leachate recirculation). Moisture accelerates the methanogenic process.
Temperature
Landfill bacteria are temperature dependant. They are able to survive and function below the freezing
point, but they also function well at temperatures up to 65°C. Anaerobic bacteria produce small amounts
of heat and may not be able to maintain the temperature of a shallow landfill when external temperatures
decrease, so LFG generation may exhibit seasonal variations. Saturated landfills may not achieve ideal
temperatures because the bacteria do not generate sufficient heat to raise the temperature of the excess
water. Higher temperatures promote volatilization and chemical reactions with the waste so the trace gas
component of landfill gas tends to increase with higher landfill temperatures.
Age of Landfill
Typically, landfills have an increasing generation of landfill gas for a number of years until closure at
which time landfill gas generation reaches a peak and begins to subside. An evaluation of the age of the
landfill and use of a landfill gas generation curve can be helpful in determining the likelihood of
significant landfill gas concentrations from the landfill.
Landfill Cap
The type or presence of landfill cover can influence landfill gas generation and migration. Although a low
permeability cap will reduce moisture and landfill gas generation over the longer term, initially, the
installation of a landfill cap could drive landfill gas migration further from the landfill in the subsurface
without proper ventilation (either passive or active). This is especially true in the case of unlined
(unvented) landfills.
Water Table
Landfill gas movement in unlined landfills may be influenced by groundwater table variations. A rising
water table could cause displacement and force upward movement of landfill gas.

Man-made and Natural Conduits
Structures such as drains, trenches, and buried utility corridors can act as conduits for landfill gas
migration. Geologic features including fractured bedrock, porous soil, and permeable strata also provide
conduits for landfill gas migration
Landfill Liner Conditions
The presence of a Subtitle-D (or equivalent) landfill liner has the capability to limit the lateral migration
of landfill gas in the subsurface. Unlined landfills have no barrier to prevent lateral landfill gas migration
in the subsurface.
Weather Conditions
Barometric pressure and precipitation have significant effects on landfill gas migration. Increased
barometric pressure yields decreased landfill gas venting from the subsurface, until the pressure within the
subsurface is greater than the atmospheric (barometric) pressure. Conversely, as the barometric pressure
decreases, the landfill will vent the stored gas until pressure equilibrium is reached. Capping of a landfill
can influence the effect of barometric pressure on landfill gas migration. Generally, a more permeable
landfill cap will allow greater influence by barometric pressure than a less permeable landfill cap.

SECTION 3 — Current Solid Waste Section Rules Pertaining to Landfill Gas
Monitoring
Web link to the 15A NCAC 13B rules - http://portal.ncdenr.org/web/wm/sw/rules
15A NCAC 13B
.0101- DEFINITIONS
.0 10 1 (14) "Explosive gas" means Methane (CH4)
.0101(25) "Lower explosive limit" (LEL) means the lowest percent by volume of a mixture of explosive
gases which will propagate a flame in air at 25 degrees Celsius and atmospheric pressure.
.0503 - SITING AND DESIGN REQUIREMENTS FOR DISPOSAL FACILITIES
.0503(2) A site shall meet the following design requirements:
(a) The concentration of explosive gases generated by the site shall not exceed:
(i) twenty-five percent of the limit for the gases in site structures (excluding gas control or
recovery system components); and
(ii) the lower explosive limit for the gases at the property boundary;
.0543 - CLOSURE AND POST -CLOSURE REQUIREMENTS FOR C&DLF FACILITIES
.0543(e) Post -closure criteria.
(1) Following closure of each C&DLF unit, the owner and operator must conduct post -closure
care. Postclosure care must be conducted for 30 years, except as provided under Subparagraph (2)
of this Paragraph, and consist of at least the following:
(C) maintaining and operating the gas monitoring system in accordance with the
requirements of Rule .0544 of this Section; and
(2) The length of the post -closure care period may be:
(A) decreased by the Division if the owner or operator demonstrates that
the reduced period is sufficient to protect human health and the environment and this
demonstration is approved by the Division; or
(B) increased by the Division if the Division determines that the lengthened period is
necessary to protect human health and the environment.
.0544 - MONITORING PLANS AND REQUIREMENTS FOR C&DLF FACILITIES
.0544(d) Gas Control Plan
(1) Owners and operators of all C&DLF units must ensure that:
(A) the concentration of methane gas or other explosive gases generated by the facility
does not exceed 25 percent of the lower explosive limit in on -site facility structures
(excluding gas control or recovery system components);
(B) the concentration of methane gas or other explosive gases does not exceed the lower
explosive limit for methane or other explosive gases at the facility property boundary; and
(C) the facility does not release methane gas or other explosive gases in any concentration
that can be detected in offsite structures.
(2) Owners and operators of all C&DLF units must implement a routine methane monitoring
program to ensure that the standards of this Paragraph are met.
(A) The type of monitoring must be determined based on soil conditions, the
Hydrogeologic conditions under and surrounding the facility, hydraulic conditions on and
surrounding the facility, the location of facility structures and property boundaries, and the
location of all offsite structures adjacent to property boundaries.

(B) The frequency of monitoring shall be quarterly or as approved by the Division.
(3) If methane or explosive gas levels exceeding the limits specified in Subparagraph (d)(1) of this
Rule are detected, the owner and operator must:
(A) immediately take all steps necessary to ensure protection of human health and notify
the Division;
(B) within seven days of detection, place in the operating record the methane or explosive
gas levels detected and a description of the steps taken to protect human health; and
(C) within 60 days of detection, implement a remediation plan for the methane or
explosive gas releases, place a copy of the plan in the operating record, and notify the
Division that the plan has been implemented. The plan must describe the nature and extent
of the problem and the proposed remedy.
(4) Based on the need for an extension demonstrated by the operator, the Division may establish
alternative schedules for demonstrating compliance with Parts (3)(B) and (3)(C) of this Paragraph.
(5) For purposes of this Item, "lower explosive limit" means the lowest percent by volume of a
mixture of explosive gases in air that will propagate a flame at 25 C and atmospheric pressure.
.0566 - OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR LAND CLEARINGINERT DEBRIS (LCID)
LANDFILLS
.0566(13) The concentration of explosive gases generated by the facility shall not exceed:
(a) Twenty-five percent of the lower explosive limit for the gases in facility structures.
(b) The lower explosive limit for the gases at the property boundary.
.1626 — OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR MSWLF FACILITIES
.1626(4) Explosive gases control.
(a) Owners or operators of all MSWLF units must ensure that:
(i) The concentration of methane gas generated by the facility does not exceed 25 percent
of the lower explosive limit for methane in facility structures (excluding gas control or
recovery system components); and
(ii) The concentration of methane gas does not exceed the lower explosive limit for
methane at the facility property boundary.
(b) Owners or operators of all MSWLF units must implement a routine methane monitoring
program to ensure that the standards of (4)(a) are met. A permanent monitoring system shall be
constructed on or before October 9, 1994. A temporary monitoring system shall be used prior to
construction of the permanent system.
(i) The type and frequency of monitoring must be determined based on the following
factors:
(A) Soil conditions;
(B) The hydrogeologic conditions surrounding the facility;
(C) The hydraulic conditions surrounding the facility; and
(D) The location of facility structures and property boundaries.
(ii) The minimum frequency of monitoring shall be quarterly.
(c) If methane gas levels exceeding the limits specified in (4)(a) are detected, the owner or
operator must:
(i) Immediately take all necessary steps to ensure protection of human health and notify the
Division;
(ii) Within seven days of detection, place in the operating record the methane gas levels
detected and a description of the steps taken to protect human health; and
(iii) Within 60 days of detection, implement a remediation plan for the methane gas
releases, place a copy of the plan in the operating record, and notify the Division that the
6

plan has been implemented. The plan shall describe the nature and extent of the problem
and the proposed remedy.
(iv) Based on the need for an extension demonstrated by the operator, the Division may
establish alternative schedules for demonstrating compliance with (4)(c)(ii) and (iii) of this
Rule.
(d) For purposes of this Item, "lower explosive limit" means the lowest percent by volume of a
mixture of explosive gases in air that will propagate a flame at 25°C and atmospheric pressure.
1626(10) Recordkeeping requirements.
(a) The owner or operator of a MSWLF unit must record and retain at the facility, or an alternative
location near the facility approved by the Division, in an operating record the following
information as it becomes available:
(iii) Gas monitoring results and any remediation plans required by Item (4) of this Rule;
.1627 — CLOSURE AND POST CLOSURE REQUIREMENTS FOR MSWLF ACTIVITES
.1 627(d) Post -Closure Criteria
(1) Following closure of each MSWLF unit, the owner or operator shall conduct post -closure care.
Post -closure care shall be conducted for 30 years, except as provided under Subparagraph (2) of
this Paragraph, and consist of at least the following:
(D)-Maintaining and operating the gas monitoring system in accordance with the
requirements of Rule .1626 of this Section.
(2) The length of the post -closure care period may be:
(A) Decreased by the Division if the owner or operator demonstrates that the reduced
period is sufficient to protect human health and the environment and this demonstration is
approved by the Division; or
(B) Increased by the Division if the Division determines that the lengthened period is
necessary to protect human health and the environment.
(3) Following completion of the post -closure care period for each MSWLF unit, the owner or
operator shall notify the Division that a certification, signed by a registered professional engineer,
verifying that post -closure care has been completed in accordance with the post -closure plan, has
been placed in the operating record.
NOTES:
Based on the referenced rules above, the following words / phrases are presently in the Solid Waste
Section rules pertaining to methane and explosive landfill gas.
Rule .0101(14) states: "Explosive gas means Methane (CH) ".
Rule .0503 (2)(a) refers to "explosive gases ".
Rule .0544(d) refers to "Gas Control Plan "
Rule .0544(d)(1) refers to "methane or other explosive gases ".
Rule .0544(d)(2) refers to "methane monitoring program"
Rule .0544(d)(3) refers to "methane or explosive gas levels"
Rule .0566 (13) refers to "explosive gases".
Rule .1626 (4) refers to "explosive gases control"
Rule .1626(4)(a-b) refers to "methane monitoring" and "methane monitoring program "

Monitoring Goals
Landfill design and landfill gas monitoring regulations in North Carolina require that there not be an
exceedance of 100% of the Lower Explosion Limit (LEL) (equivalent to 5% methane) at the property
boundary, or 25% LEL in on -site structures. These regulations were developed over time to protect the
health and safety of the citizens of North Carolina and the U.S. from the asphyxiation and explosive
hazards of landfill gas.
NC Rule History
A review of NC landfill guidance documents and regulations from 1972 to the present indicates that from
1972 through 1982, there was no mention of design requirements regarding the control of landfill gas, nor
were there any landfill monitoring requirements for landfill gas. In 1982, the regulations were changed to
require that sanitary landfill design prevent landfill gas concentrations of 100% LEL at the property
boundary line and 25% inside on -site structures. Although a design requirement was added, no design
requirement was established to determine if the design requirement was being met. In 1993 with the
establishment of. 1600 rules, requirements for designs to limit landfill gas levels to below 100% at the
property boundary line and 25% in on -site structures and monitoring of landfill gas concentrations around
the perimeter of the landfill and inside on -site structures were adopted.

SECTION 4 - Landfill Gas Incidents and Explosions
Hazards Involving Landfill Gas
Landfill fires may or may not be directly caused by landfill gas. The primary concern with these fires is
air contamination from the resulting smoke; however they also present a variety of additional problems. In
addition to concerns with containing and extinguishing landfill fires, potential reactions involving
unknown chemicals in the landfill can cause uncertain hazards. Discarded consumer products in a
landfill, such as pesticides, paints, solvents, cleaners, and other material can be the source of chemical
releases. Heat from the fire can cause chemicals to volatilize, breakdown, and enter the environment. Also
to be considered is the presence of other combustible gases in addition to methane. Whenever an
environmental investigation of a landfill is prompted by odorous compounds or explosive gases, the
presence of toxic substances should also be investigated. One example is hydrogen sulfide (1-12S) that can
cause asphyxiation and is flammable. An analysis should include alkyl benzenes, sulfur compounds, vinyl
chloride, and methane, and other products associated with industrial wastes, construction and debris
waste, and normal organic and inorganic waste.
Fires and explosion hazards become a concern when gases collect in confined spaces. Buildings,
basements, and pits are typically regarded as confined spaces. However, landfill gases also collect in and
migrate to cracks in the landfill cover, leachate "springs", cracks in adjacent structures, paved parking
areas, etc. Fires can occur on the surface and underground. Surface fires involve recently buried waste
near the surface in an aerobic decomposing layer, typically 1 to 4 feet below ground. These fires can be
intensified by subsurface landfill gas and spread throughout the landfill. Subsurface fires occur deeper
within the landfill, involve material buried for months or years, and can burn for days and months.
The following is a brief summary of some incidents involving landfill gas migration from landfills:
2007 Four employees died as a result of exposure to high concentrations of hydrogen sulfide while
attempting to repair a leachate pump at a C&D landfill in Superior, Wisconsin (Journal of
Environmental Heath 2008).
1999 An 8-year old girl was burned on her arms and legs when playing in an Atlanta, Georgia
playground. The area was reportedly used as an illegal dumping ground many years ago (Atlanta
Journal -Constitution 1999).
1994 While playing soccer in a park built over an old landfill in Charlotte, North Carolina, a woman was
seriously burned by a methane explosion (Charlotte Observer 1994).
1987 Offsite landfill gas migration is suspected to have caused a house to explode in Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania (EPA 1991).
1984 Landfill gas migrated to and destroyed one house near a landfill in Akron, Ohio. Ten houses were
temporarily evacuated (EPA 1991).
1983 An explosion destroyed a residence across the street from a landfill in Cincinnati, Ohio. Minor
injuries were reported (EPA 1991).
1975 In Sheridan, Colorado, landfill gas accumulated in a storm drain pipe that ran through a landfill. An
explosion occurred when several children playing in the pipe lit a candle, resulting in serious
injury.

1969 Methane gas migrated from an adjacent landfill into the basement of an armory in Winston-Salem,
North Carolina. A lit cigarette caused the gas to explode, killing three men and seriously injuring
five others (USACE 1984).
10

SECTION 5 - Landfill Gas Monitoring Wells
Locations
Landfill gas monitoring well locations will be site specific depending upon site geology, depth to
groundwater, surface water features, on -site and off -site structures and sensitive receptors. The landfill
gas monitoring wells must be spaced no more than 500 feet apart depending upon site specifics. A readily
accessible, unobstructed path must be maintained so that landfill gas monitoring wells are always
accessible using four-wheel drive vehicles. Regardless of site specifics, the permittee must obtain
approval from the Solid Waste Section for the design and installation of any landfill gas monitoring well
system.
Well Construction and Installation
Landfill gas monitoring wells are the same as groundwater monitoring wells with two exceptions. Landfill
gas monitoring wells are installed just above the water table within the unsaturated zone and are equipped
with a stopcock valve or a quick connect coupling on the cap, which allows for accurate landfill gas
measurements. The stopcock valve must be equipped with flexible tubing and a barb connection that will
fit the gas meter's inlet tube. The stopcock valve or a quick connect coupling must be closed between
monitoring events. The landfill gas monitoring well must also be capped, locked, and labeled with a
permanently affixed identification plate stating the well contractor name and certification number, date of
well competition, total depth of well, screen length and well ID number. See detailed schematics of a
landfill gas monitoring well (Figure 1).
The depth of each landfill gas monitoring well will be site specific depending upon depth to groundwater.
Landfill gas monitoring wells must be constructed the same as groundwater monitoring wells as described
in 15A NCAC Subchapter 2C. Typically landfill gas monitoring wells must be installed using 2" PVC
piping and screen. The screen length, also site specific, must span the majority of the unsaturated zone
while still allowing for proper well construction. A North Carolina Licensed/Professional Geologist must
be present to supervise the installation of all landfill gas monitoring wells. The exact locations, screened
intervals, and nesting of the wells must be approved by the Solid Waste Section Hydrogeologist prior to
landfill gas monitoring well installation. Each landfill gas monitoring well must be surveyed for location
and elevation by a North Carolina Registered Land Surveyor. Within thirty (30) days of the completed
construction of each new landfill gas monitoring well, the well construction record (Division of Water
Quality form GW-Ib) and the boring log/well detail diagram of each well must be submitted to the Solid
Waste Section. The submittal must also include a scaled topographic map showing the location and
identification of new, existing and abandoned landfill gas monitoring wells.
Nested and Clustered Landfill Gas Monitoring Wells
Nested and/or clustered landfill gas monitoring wells may be required in unsaturated zones of 45 feet or
more to measure specific depths of the unsaturated zone. Initially, the installation of one long screen shall
be sufficient. If a monitoring event shows an exceedance of the lower explosive limit, then the Solid
Waste Section may require the installation of nested and/or clustered landfill gas monitoring wells.
Abandonment of Wells
An abandonment record must be submitted to the Solid Waste Section within 30 (thirty) days of the
abandonment of a landfill gas monitoring well. The landfill gas monitoring well(s) must be overdrilled
and sealed with grout in accordance with 15A NCAC 2C .0113(d) and certified by a North Carolina
Licensed/Professional Geologist.
11

Professional Certification
The certification statement below must be signed and sealed by a Professional Geologist and submitted
with the Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan.
The landfill gas monitoring plan for this facility has been prepared by a qualified geologist who is
licensed to practice in the State of North Carolina. The plan has been prepared based on first-hand
knowledge of site conditions and familiarity with North Carolina solid waste rules and industry
standard protocol. This certification is made in accordance with North Carolina Solid Waste
Regulations, indicating this Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan should provide early detection of any
release of hazardous constituents to the uppermost aquifer, so as to be protective of public health
and the environment. No other warranties, expressed or implied, are made.
Signed
Printed
Date
Not valid unless this document bears the seal of the above mentioned licensed professional.
12

Figure 1— Landfill Gas Monitoring Well Detail
SAMPLING PORT
WELL CAP
(NOT CEDED)
f
� r �
f X
I M
i r
WELL TAC (INCLUDE THE
FOLLDWINC INFORMATION) _
WELL ID.:
DRrLLING COMPANY:
DATE OF INSTALLATION:
TOTAL DEPTH:
CONSTRJuTION DETAILS: 3'
4a4' L(XKABLE STEEL CASING
(3' WIN_ STICK UP WITH LOCKING
COVER)
CAP AND SAMPLING PORI
"—PERFORATED PVC
RISER
CONCRETE 1-140
"-- BENTO °I TE PELLET SEAL
(HYDRATED PER MFG. SPECS)
GRWT SEAL
(CEMENT AND SODIUM BENTONITE)
SEDIMENT
SEASONAL HIGH WATER TABLE
13

SECTION 6 — Landfill Gas Monitoring Instrumentation
The person using the landfill gas monitoring instrument must understand the principles of operation and
follow the manufacturer's instructions. This includes calibrating the instrument according to the
manufacturer's specifications. Include the following on the top portion of the landfill gas monitoring
form (See example below) : facility name, permit number, type and serial number of gas monitoring
instrument, calibration date of the instrument, date and time of field calibration, type of gas used for field
calibration (15115 or 35150), expiration date of field calibration gas canister, date of landfill gas
monitoring event, name and position of sample collector, pump rate of instrument being used, ambient air
temperature, and general weather conditions. Verification that the equipment was calibrated in
accordance with the manufacturer's specifications is also required. When determining which field
calibration gas to use, take into consideration the expected levels of methane in the landfill gas monitoring
wells. If the methane levels are expected to be low, use the 15115 gas canister (15% CO2/15% C114). If
the methane levels are expected to be high, use the 35150 gas canister (35% CO2/50% CH4).
For every landfill gas monitoring well, please include the following: verification of sample tube purge
prior to each sample taken (should be one minute), the time pumped in seconds (should be at least one
minute), barometric pressure, time stabilized reading collected, percent lower explosive limit, percent
methane by volume, percent oxygen, percent carbon dioxide, and any observations or comments. Most
modern gas monitoring instruments will measure percent oxygen and carbon dioxide in addition to the
methane and display the results on the same instrument. Recording the levels of percent oxygen and
carbon dioxide should require little or no extra effort.
The landfill gas monitoring data form (See example below) and results should be retained in the facility's
operating record unless an exceedance has occurred and/or is requested by the Solid Waste Section.
Landfill gas monitoring readings from non -calibrated or inaccurately calibrated instruments are not
reliable, and will therefore be rejected by the Solid Waste Section. Landfill gas monitoring readings
collected with monitoring equipment that was not designed for landfill gas monitoring will also be
rejected by the Solid Waste Section. There are several different landfill gas monitoring instruments on
the market which may be used in order to obtain all of the information required by the Solid Waste
Section.
Monitoring Times
Monitoring times are also important when conducting landfill gas monitoring. Proper landfill gas
monitoring should include sampling during times when landfill gas is most likely to migrate. Landfill gas
can migrate and accumulate not only in landfill gas monitoring wells; it can also migrate and accumulate
in buildings and other structures. Because subsurface gas pressures are considered to be at a maximum
during the afternoon hours, monitoring should be conducted in the afternoon or whenever the barometric
pressure is low.
Scientific evidence also indicates that weather and soil conditions influence the migration of landfill gas.
Barometric pressure and precipitation have significant effects on landfill gas migration. Increased
barometric pressure generates decreased landfill gas venting from the subsurface, until the pressure within
the subsurface is greater than the atmospheric (barometric) pressure. On the other hand, when the
barometric pressure decreases, the landfill will vent the stored gas until a pressure equilibrium is reached.
Capping of a landfill can influence the effect of barometric pressure on landfill gas migration. Generally,
a more permeable landfill cap will allow greater influence by barometric pressure than a less permeable
14

landfill cap. As a result, landfill gas monitoring should be conducted when the barometric pressure is low
and soils are saturated. During the winter season when snow cover is just beginning to melt or when the
ground is frozen or ice covered, landfill gas monitoring should be conducted when the barometric
pressure is low.
Landfill Gas Sampling Procedures
Any accumulation of landfill gas in the landfill gas monitoring wells is the result of landfill gas migration.
The following procedure is a recommended example for conducting landfill gas monitoring well
sampling, but always read and follow the manufacturer's instructions because each instrument will be
different.
Step 1— Calibrate the instrument according to the manufacturer's specifications. In addition, prepare the
instrument for monitoring by allowing it to properly warm up as directed by the manufacturer. Make sure
the static pressure shows a reading of zero on the instrument prior to taking the first sample.
Step 2 — Purge sample tube for at least one minute prior to taking reading. Connect the instrument tubing
to the landfill gas monitoring well cap fitted with a stopcock valve or quick connect coupling.
Step 3 — Open the valve and record the initial reading and then the stabilized reading. A stable reading is
one that does not vary more than 0.5 percent by volume on the instrument's scale.
Step 4 - Record the stabilized reading including the oxygen concentration and barometric pressure. A
proper reading should have two percent oxygen by volume or less. If levels of oxygen are higher, it may
indicate that air is being drawn into the system giving a false reading.
Step 5 — Turn the stopcock valve to the off position and disconnect the tubing.
Step 6 — Proceed to the next landfill gas monitoring well and repeat Steps 2 — 5.
Landfill Gas Constituent Sampling and Analysis
Sampling of landfill gas to determine volume percentages/concentrations of each constituent can be
accomplished through the use of canisters which are specifically designed for landfill gas analysis.
Several analytical methods are available to determine the concentrations of a variety of constituents.
Typically, landfill gas analysis of this type is performed to determine the non -methane organic
compounds emission rate for Tier 2 testing under the Clean Air Act (Title V Subpart WWW 60.754).
Isotropic identification of landfill methane can be accomplished to identify one source of methane from
another. In this case, isotopes of carbon and hydrogen in the methane are analyzed to determine the
methane source.
15

SECTION 7 - References
Agency for Toxic Substances & Disease Registry. "Landfill Gas Primer- An Overview for Environmental
Health Professionals. 2001." http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/HAC/landfill/html/toc.html (accessed February 24.
2010).
California Environmental Protection Agency. "Landfill Gas Monitoring Well Functionality at 20
California Landfills, 2008". http://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/Publications/Organics/2008022.pd (accessed
February 24 2010).
Florida Department of Environmental Protection. Gas Management Systems, under Rule 62-701.530.
http://www.dep.state.fl.us/waste/quick topics/rules/default.htm (accessed February 24, 2010).
Missouri Department of Natural Resources, Flood Grant Team. "An Analysis of Landfill Gas Monitoring
Well Design and Construction, 2007". http://www.clu-
in.org/conf/itrc/direclpush/prez/Missouri_Study.pdf (accessed February 24, 2010).
Missouri Department of Natural Resources. "Design and Construction of Landfill Gas Monitoring Wells"
http://www.dnr.missouri.gov/pubs/pub2054.pdf (accessed February 24. 2010).
Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. Environmental Monitoring for Landfills, under Chapter NR
507.22. http://www.dnr.state.wi.us/org/aw/wm/information/wiacsss.htm
(accessed February 24, 2010).
"Landfill Gas -an Overview" Landfill-gas.com. Web, 22, Feb. 2010
http://www.landfill-gas.com/webpage-LFG-overview.doc
17

SECTION 8 — Suggested Outline for a Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan
1. Introduction
1.1. Background (project overview, site observations, NCDENR rules referenced)
1.2. Site Geology with discussion of groundwater depth and flow (potentiometric surface map)
1.3. Regulatory Limits
2. Landfill Gas Monitoring
2.1. Landfill Gas Monitoring Well Locations (discussion of reasoning behind proposed locations,
discussion of well construction, reference map showing proposed locations, reference table
displaying well ID, well depth, screen interval and depth to groundwater)
2.2. Structure and Ambient Sampling
2.3. Landfill Gas Monitoring Frequency
3. Landfill Gas Sampling Procedures
3.1. Detection Equipment Used (discussion of calibration procedures)
3.2. Landfill Gas Sampling Procedure
4. Record Keeping and Reporting
4.1. Landfill Gas Monitoring Data Form
4.2. Sampling Reports
4.3. Permanent Record Keeping
5. Contingency Plan
6. Certification of Professional Geologist
7. Certification of Registered Land Surveyor
Figures
Map displaying proposed landfill gas monitoring well locations
Potentiometric Surface Map
Diagram showing construction of stopcock valve or quick connect coupling on well cap
Diagram showing well construction of each landfill gas monitoring well
Table
Table displaying well ID, well depth, screen interval, depth to groundwater
Example of landfill gas monitoring data form
18

SECTION 9 - Checklist of Items to be Included in a Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan
1. Depth to groundwater discussion
2. Well locations
a. Number of wells
b. Well spacing
3. Instrumentation being used
a. Calibration procedures
4. Sampling procedures as per the manufacture's instructions
5. Map of well locations
6. Table describing each well location
a. Well ID
b. Well depth
c. Screen interval
d. Depth to groundwater
e. Subsurface lithology
7. Diagram of cap construction w/ stopcock valve or quick connect coupling
8. Diagram of well construction
9. Potentiometric surface map
10. Professional Geologist certification
11. Registered Land Surveyor certification
19

NC Division of Waste Management - Solid Waste Section
Landfill Gas Monitoring Data Form
Notice: This form and any information attached to it are 'Public Records" as defined in NC General Statute 132-1. As such, these documents are
available for inspection and examination by any person upon request (NC General Statute 132-6).
Facility Name: Permit Number:
Sampling Date: NC Landfill Rule (.0500 or.1600):
Sample Collector Name & Position:
Gas Meter Type & Serial Number:
Field Calibration Date & Time:
Field Calibration Gas Type (15115 or 35/5
Gas Meter Pump Rate:
Gas Meter Calibration Date:
eld Calibration Gas Canister Expiration Date:
Ambient Air Temperature: Barometric Pressure (in. or mm Hg): Weather Conditions:
Instructions: Under "Location or LFG Well", list monitoring well # or describe monitoring location (e.g., inside field office).
Attach a test location map or drawing. Report methane readings as both % LEL and % CH4 by volume.
Convert % CH4 (by volume) to % LEL as follows: % methane (by volume) x 20 = % LEL.
*Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) gas monitoring may be required for Construction & Demolition Landfills (CDLFs). See individual
permit conditions and/or Facility LFG monitoring plan.
Location or
LFG Well ID
S ample
Tube
Purge
Time of
Day
Time
Pumped
(sec)
Initial
% LEL
Stabilized
% LEL
% CH4
( volume )
% 02
(volume)
% CO2
(volume)
% H2S*
(volume)
NOTES
NOTE: If needed, attach additional data forms to include additional LFG monitoring data locations for the facility.
ACTION LEVELS: Methane: >1.25% by volume (inside structures) AND >5% by volume (at facility boundary)
Hydrogen Sulfide: >1% by volume (inside structures) AND >4% by volume (at facility boundary)
Certification
To the best of my knowledge, the information reported and statements made on this data submittal and attachments
are true and correct. I am aware that there are significant penalties for making any false statement, representation,
or certification including the possibility of a fine and imprisonment.
SIGNATURE
TITLE
Revised — February 4, 2020

APPENDIX B
Well Construction Records

FIELD BOREHOLE LOG MUKLMULL nUntacr[
871
PROJECT NUMBER: l%f" XrDPX" TOP OF CASING ELEVATION' 177Z Q
PROJECT NAME fu"wrrord r4Kr" LandrIII TOTAL DEPTH 33,0 FT
LOCATION PAr" rrrorvtor; No, 11 Cm-01 Ina GROUND SURFACE ELEVATION �r�� �-q
DRILLING COMPANY: Bores t Cory SHEET 1 OF 1
RIG TYPE d NUMBER: ATV Rip STATIC lY1TER EVES [6457
DRILLING METHOD: Hallow $tm Augm
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FIELD PARTY: M pri� 0.1
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GECLOGIBT= }hIllp Noy m"JI1IJ9^J `T190/'JS
DATE BEGUN GATE COMP 7E
7,!,49 1 LITHQLOGT DESCRIPTION
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and 1�l wm* 3i 1OtIy it c.
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33.a
9R
�'

David Garrett, P.G., P.E. Test Boring No. B-12d
Engineering and Geology Page 1 of 3
Client and Project Rutherford County Central MSW Landfill
Callas' Elevation 970.87
Equipment
Mobile B-53 ATV Drilling Method NgWL care
Water Level, TOB 28.8
Date Started
41B10D Date Ended 417100
Water Level, 24 Hr. 28.9
Drilling Firm
Bore S Care (Seiler) Logged by David Garrett
Stabilized Level 29.1
Comments
Former borrow site Total Depth 104
Date of Observation 4124/00
All depths are given in feet and referenced b.g.s.
Depth and Elev.
SPT Value and Plot
Soil Description and USCS Symbol
Piezometer Constuction Data
0
970.00
f
968.00
[
fff
4
I
966.00
#
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964.00
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78
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962.00
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-- 10
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-
958.00
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956.00
1
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-
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942.00
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- 32
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_ 34
938.00
- 36
Na SAMPLE. Advanced with
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for description)
Soil 8ackf ll

David Garrett, P.G., P.E. Test Boring No. B-12d
Engineering and Geology Page 2 of 3
Client and Project Rutherford County Central MSW Landfill
Collar Elevation 970.87
Equipment
Mobile B-53 ATV Drilling Method NOWL core
Water Level, TOB 28.8
Date Started
416100 Date Ended 4/7100
Water Level, 24 Hr. 28.9
Drilling Firm
Bare & Core (Seiler) Logged by David Garrett
Stabilized Level 29.1 Y
Comments
Farmer borrow site Total Depth 104
Date of Observation AW24100
All depths are given in feet and referenced b.g.s.
Depth and Elev. SPT Value and Plot Soil Description and USCS Symbol Piezometer Constuction Data
_ 38
932.00
112
14
- 40
15
930.00
- 42
928.00
- 44
1°
a
926.00
17
- 46
924.00
- 4$
922.00
50 !
- 50
920. 00
52
I
918.00
- 54
50/A
916.00
- 56
914 00
- 58
912.00
27
32
_ 60
54
910.00
- 62
908.60
- 64
5or.:
906.00
- 66
904.00
- 68
902.00
50/.'
- 70
900.00
- 72
$98.00
501.4
r!
77.
SANDY SILT: stiff to hard,
ML-
I
tan -brown, slightly moist,
MR
trace of mica, distinct laying,
.-
rack fragments
ML-
I
—_
SM
D. p
PWR: very dense, tan -white,
o •
slightly clayey, fine to coarse
SM
silty sand, moist, trace of mica
PWR: very hard.. dark brown,
micaceous sandy silt, moist,
=�0
with coarse white sand,
0 0-
advanced with hollow stem
MIL
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auger refusal at 74 feet
0
=o a

David Garret, P.G., P.E.
Test Boring No. B- 12d
Engineering and Geology
Page 3 of 3
Client and Project Rutherford County Central MSW Landfill
Collar Elevation 970.87
Equipment Mobile B-53 ATV
Drilling Method NOWL core
Water Level, TOB 28.8 u-
Date Started 416Ioo
Date Ended 417100
Water Level, 24 Hr. 28.9
Drilling Firm Bore & Care (Seiiler)
Logged by David Garrett
Stabilized Level 29.1 Y
Comments Former barrow site
Total Depth 104
Date of Observation 4/24100
All depths are given
in feet and referenced b.g.s.
LDepth and Elev.
SP7 Value and Plot
Soil Description and USCS Symbol
Piezometer Constuction Data
74
A 2 _.
PWR: set NW casing to 74
75
I_
!
feet, advanced with 2-15/16
894-00
F
- pp
inch roller bit, refusal at 89
r
i
a
feet
78
o:--:a.
892-00
501.5
!
j
-p0
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p 0
-
890.00-
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_ 82
I
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-
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86
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884 00
a= : a
_atanite
— 88
l
Q - p
a
Ben
Seal
-
882.00
5olry
— 90
GNEISS: Core Run #1:
880.00
l
weathered, black, friable,
i
biotite-plagioclase with
Sand Pack
-" 92
�
I
"augen" REC = 84%, RQD =
-
878.00
30%
_ 94
0, 0101,
Slotted
-
876.00
j
GNEISS: Care Run #2:
Screen
_
;
`
moderately hard, black,
'
friable, REC = 50%, RQD =
-
874.00
I
8°/0
872-00
[
_ 100
[
GNEISS: Core Run #3: hard,
870.00
I
j
;
competent, high silica content
;
!
below 102 feet, REC = 98%,
— 102
RQD = 42%
-
868. DO
l
— 104
--

David Garrett, P.G., P.E. Test Boring No. B-13
Engineering and Geology Page 1 of 1
I Client and Project Rutherford County Central MSW Landfill Collar Elevation 939.92
Equipment Mobile B-53 ATV Drilling Method NQWL core Water Level, TOB 15.5
Date Started 5/02100 Date Ended 5/02100 Water Level, 24 Hr.
Drilling Firm Bore &. Core (Seiler) Logged by David Garrett Stabilized Level 16.0
Comments Cleared surface, rocky Total Depth 31.0 Date of Observation 5/5100
All depths are given in feet and referenced b.g.s.
Depth and Elev. SPT Value and Plot Soil Description and USCS Symbol Piezometer Constuction Data
-0
_ 2
938.00
_ 4
936.00
- 6
934.00
_ 8
932.00
- 10
930.00
- 12
928.00
- 14
926.00
- 16
924.00
_ 18
922.00
- 20
920.00
- 22
918.00
- 24
916.00
- 26
914.00
- 28
912.00
- 30
910.00
_
PWR: hard rocky, set casing
GNEISS: Core Run #1:
I
I
weathered brown -white mica
gneiss, schistose, with aplite
seams; REC = 76, RQD 0
I
GNEISS: Core Run #2:
E
E
k
REC = 80%, RQD = 16%
E
I
1
f
Soil Backfill
GNEISS: Core Run #3:
REC = 80%, RQD = 10%
I
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E
[
Y
nr
Bentonite
GNEISS: Core Run #4: more
i
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competent aplite and schist;
Seal
!
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1
REC = 100%, RQD = 60%
j
E
GNEISS: Core Run #5: same
I
with increasing quartz
content; REC = 100%, RQD
= 94%
i
Sand Pack
GNEISS: Core Run #6:
'
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REC = 100%, RQD = 95%
i
0.0101,
Slotted
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Screen

FIELD BOREHOLE LOG
PROJECT NUMBER: RUTHERFORD-9
)ROJE('T NAME: Ruts-errord County LandriIl
LOCATION; RutherFordta , North Carolina
DRILLING COMPANY Sure & Cora
RIG TYPE & NUMBER: ATV Rig
DRILLING METHOD: Hal low Stem Auger
WEATHER Bunny, TO degraee
FIELD PARTY: Mark Seiler
GEOLOCaST: Philip May
DATE BEGUN: 5/13/99 DATE COMPLETED 5/17
H
�E
E5
o
iQ
W
LITROLOGY DESCRIPTION
25.0
Z5.0
Zi.0
3o.a -
31A
7
34.0
35.0
35.0
37.0
3a.a
39.0 -
40.0 -
12.0 -
13,0 -
49.0 -
45.0 -
15.0 -
47.0
I MA -
I es
1 S7
I�
F
9-17
TOP OF CASING ELEVATION: TBD
TOTAL DEPTH:50.0 FT
GROUND SURFACE ELEVATION: TBD
SHEET- r OF : 2
STATIC WATER LEVEL
LBLS)
WD=While Drillinq AB-AFter
Borin
De th(F't)
5D.0
191.'25
Time
15;00
17tOO
Dote:
5/13/99
5/17/99
Partially weathered gneiss/schist.
GNEISS : Gne i sslsch i st, competent rock
Gored from 39.0' to 50-0' in I runs
Core ged
approx. Z in/min
Run 1 70.8% 01
Run 2 98.3% 90.8%
Run 3 90.1% 100%
Run 1103.7% 100%
46 t RQ.D
Boring tern i nated at 50.0' .
RE
40.
GI

APPENDIX C
Continuous Gas Monitoring Device Instructions

The Kidde AC Powered, Plug —In CO/Gas Combination Alarm (Nighthawk)
Part Member: 900-0113; Unit Number: KN-COEG-3
**Keep this information in an easily accessible location**
Alarm:
• If carbon monoxide (CO) is present:
1. The alarm will sound off 4 quick beeps, followed by 5 seconds of silence.
2. This will repeat with a number showing in the display (CO concentration in ppm).
• If natural gas (methane or propane) is present:
1. The alarm will sound 1 second of alarm on, then 1 second of alarm off.
2. This will repeat with "GAS" shown in the display.
If the Alarm Sounds:
• Immediately evacuate the building.
• Call 9-1-1 and explain that the Gas Alarm has sounded.
• Remain outside until the fire department informs you that it is safe to re-enter the building.
• Please Notify Solid Waste Director James Kilgo (828-287-6002) and the North Carolina Solid
Waste Section that the alarm has sounded. For North Carolina Solid Waste Section please
contact either Jackie Drummond (828-296-4706) or Kris Riddle (828-296-4705).
Maintenance:
• The Gas Alarm is backed up by a 9V battery, which should be replaced once a year, or as needed.
1. The unit will also indicate a low battery warning by the following - A blinking dot will be
displayed, and the alarm will beep every 15 seconds, the display will alternate between
"Lb" (low battery) and the CO reading.
• The "Test/Reset" button on the unit is used to electronically simulate the presence of CO or GAS
and cause the alarm to go off. This test ensures the unit's electronics are in proper operation
standards.
The alarm test should be conducted semi-annually (every 6 months) from the date of installation.
• Once the unit is installed, the property owner is responsible for the upkeep of the alarm, which
includes testing of the alarm, battery replacement, and other unit maintenance. Questions about the
alarm can be directed to Kiddo Customer Service (1-800-880-6788).
Specifications:
• The Kidde is powered by a 120VAC, 60 Hz source with a 9V battery backup.
• This alarm unit has a 5-year manufacturer's limited warranty.
• The temperature operation range is between 40°F and 100°F and the humidity operating range is
5%-95% relative humidity.
During normal operation the alarm will display a red dot in the lower right corner.
• Carbon monoxide (CO) concentration levels are displayed in parts per million (ppm). If the
concentration of CO reaches 30ppm or above, the alarm will sound, and the CO concentration will
be displayed on the unit.
• The alarm display will identify "GAS" if natural gas is present (methane or propane).
• The alarm horn is rated at 85-decibel at 10 feet.
• A peak level memory feature stores the peak CO level sensed from the last time the unit was reset.
The peak CO level can be displayed by pressing the "Peak Level" memory button on the unit.
Appendix C

APPENDIX D
Environmental Monitoring Reporting Form &
NCDENR Data Reporting Memo

DEN
R USE ONLY ❑Paper Report ❑Electronic Data - Email CD (data loaded: Yes / No Doc/Event #:
NC DENR I IEnvironmental Monitoring
Division of Waste Management - Solid Waste Reporting Form
Notice: This form and any information attached to it are "Public Records" as defined in NC General Statute 132-1. As such, these documents are
available for inspection and examination by any person upon request (NC General Statute 132-6).
Instructions:
Prepare one form for each individually monitored unit.
Please type or print legibly.
Attach a notification table with values that attain or exceed NC 2L groundwater standards or NC 2B surface water standards. The notification
must include a preliminary analysis of the cause and significance of each value. (e.g. naturally occurring, off -site source, pre-existing
condition, etc.).
Attach a notification table of any groundwater or surface water values that equal or exceed the reporting limits.
Attach a notification table of any methane gas values that attain or exceed explosive gas levels. This includes any structures on or nearby the
facility (NCAC 13B .1629 (4)(a)(i).
Send the original signed and sealed form, any tables, and Electronic Data Deliverable to: Compliance Unit, NCDENR-DWM, Solid Waste
Section, 1646 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, NC 27699-1646.
Solid Waste Monitoring Data Submittal Information
Name of entity submitting data (laboratory, consultant, facility owner):
Contact for questions about data formatting. Include data preparer's name, telephone number and E-mail address:
Name: Phone:
E-mail:
NC Landfill Rule: Actual sampling dates (e.g.,
Facility name: Facility Address: Facility Permit # (.0500 or .1600) October 20-24, 2006)
Environmental Status: (Check all that apply)
Initial/Background Monitoring Detection Monitoring Assessment Monitoring Corrective Action
of data submitted: (Check all that apply)
Groundwater monitoring data from monitoring wells
Groundwater monitoring data from private water supply wells El
Leachate monitoring data El
water monitoring data
Methane gas monitoring data
Corrective action data (specify)
Other(specify)
Notification attached?
e No. No groundwater or surface water standards were exceeded.
Yes, a notification of values exceeding a groundwater or surface water standard is attached. It includes a list of groundwater and surface water
monitoring points, dates, analytical values, NC 2L groundwater standard, NC 2B surface water standard or NC Solid Waste GWPS and
preliminary analysis of the cause and significance of any concentration.
El Yes, a notification of values exceeding an explosive methane gas limit is attached. It includes the methane monitoring points, dates, sample
values and explosive methane gas limits.
Certification
To the best of my knowledge, the information reported and statements made on this data submittal and attachments are true and correct.
Furthermore, I have attached complete notification of any sampling values meeting or exceeding groundwater standards or explosive gas
levels, and a preliminary analysis of the cause and significance of concentrations exceeding groundwater standards. I am aware that there
are significant penalties for making any false statement, representation, or certification including the possibility of a fine and imprisonment.
Facility Representative Name (Print) Title (Area Code) Telephone Number
Signature
Facility Representative Address
Date
Affix NC Licensed/ Professional Geologist Seal
NC PE Firm License Number (if applicable effective May 1, 2009)
Revised 6/2009

A�
L&�
NCDENR
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Division of Waste Management
Pat McCrory John E. Skvarla, III
Governor Secretary
November 5, 2014
MEMORANDUM
To: Solid Waste Directors, Public Works Directors, Landfill Operators, and Landfill Owners
From: Solid Waste Section
Re: Groundwater, Surface Water, Soil, Sediment, and Landfill Gas Electronic Document Submittal
The Solid Waste Section is continuing its efforts to improve efficiencies in document management. All
groundwater, surface water, soil, sediment, and landfill gas documents submitted to the Solid Waste Section are
stored electronically and are made readily available for the public to view on our webpage. Please remember that
hard copies/paper copies are not required, and should not be submitted. The submittal of these electronic
documents following a consistent electronic document protocol will also assist us in our review. Please follow
these procedures when submitting all groundwater, surface water, soil, sediment, and landfill gas documents to the
Solid Waste Section.
Submittal Method and Formatting
• All files must be in portable document format (pdf) except for Electronic Data Deliverables (EDDs)
unless otherwise specified by the Solid Waste Section. All pdf files should meet these requirements:
o Optical Characteristic Recognition (OCR) applied;
o Minimum of 300 dpi;
o Free of password protections and/or encryption (applies to EDDs as well);
o Optimized to reduce file size; and
o Please begin using the following naming convention when submitting all electronic files: Permit
Number (00-00)_Date of Document (YYYYMMDD). For example: 00-00_20140101.
• Please submit all files via email or by file transfer protocol (FTP) via email to the appropriate
Hydrogeologist unless otherwise specified by the Solid Waste Section. If the electronic file is greater
than 20 MB, please submit the file via FTP or on a CD. If submitting a CD, please mail the CD to the
appropriate Hydrogeologist. The CD should be labeled with the facility name, permit number, county,
name of document, date of monitoring event (if applicable), and the date of document.
• Please be sure a signed Environmental Monitoring Data Form is submitted as part of the electronic file for
all water quality and landfill gas documents (monitoring, alternate source demonstration, assessment,
investigation, corrective action). This completed form should be the first page of the document before the
cover/title page and should not be submitted as an individual file. Blank forms can be downloaded at
http://www.wastenotnc.org/swhome/EnvMonitoring/NCEnvMonRptForrnpdf
Monitoring Data
Monitoring data documents may include any or all of the following: 1) groundwater and surface water monitoring;
2) soil and sediment, and 3) landfill gas monitoring. In addition to the above procedures, at a minimum, please
include the following:
Groundwater and Surface Water Monitoring
• A copy of the laboratory report(s).
• A copy of the sampling log(s).
• A separate table of detections and exceedances for each monitoring location.
1646 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1646 2090 US Highway 70, Swannanoa, North Carolina 28778-82111
Phone: [phone] Phone: [phone]
http://portal.ncdenr.org/web/wm/
An Equal Opportunity / Affirmative Action Employer

o All analytical results should be reported in micrograms per liter (ug/L) except for field
parameters and specific Monitored Natural Attenuation (MNA) parameters.
o Please also include the laboratory's method detection limit (MDL) in ug/L, the Solid Waste
Section Limit (SWSL) in ug/L, the appropriate NC regulatory standard in ug/L (2L, 213,
GWPS, IMAC), and the Federal Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) in ug/L.
o Please BOLD each exceedance result.
• A separate table of field parameters for each monitoring location.
• An Electronic Data Deliverable (EDD) spreadsheet for each monitoring event submitted in the correct
format. All analytical results should be reported in micrograms per liter (ug/L) except for field
parameters and specific Monitored Natural Attenuation (MNA) parameters. The blank EDD template
can be downloaded at hqp://www.wastenotnc.org,/swhome/enviro_monitoring.asp. Please pay
attention to the formats within the spreadsheet. Any EDD received that is not formatted correctly will
be emailed back to be resubmitted via email within five (5) days.
• A separate groundwater monitoring well construction table.
o Please also include the date the well was drilled, well diameter, total well depth, depth to top
of screened interval (in feet), screened interval (in feet), geology of screened interval, TOC
elevation, ground elevation, groundwater elevation, GPS coordinates (latitude and longitude),
and depth to water (in feet).
• A separate groundwater table with groundwater flow rate(s).
• A recent facility figure that includes labeled groundwater and surface water monitoring locations.
• A groundwater flow map with an arrow(s) indicating flow direction(s), including date the
measurements were taken.
Soil and Sediment Sampling
• A copy of the laboratory report(s).
• A copy of the sampling log(s).
• A separate table of detections and exceedances for each sampling location.
o Please also include the results in micrograms per liter (ug/L), the laboratory's method
detection limit (MDL) in ug/L, and the appropriate NC regulatory standard (PSRG) in ug/L.
o Please BOLD each exceedance result.
• A separate table of soil and/or sediment characteristics.
• A recent facility figure that includes labeled sampling locations.
Landfill Gas Monitoring
• A blank Landfill Gas Monitoring Data Form can be found within the Landfill Gas Monitoring
Guidance document and can be downloaded at
http://portal.ncdenr.org/c/document_librar/get file?uuid=da699f7e-8cl3-4249-9012-
16af8aefdc7b&groupId=3 8361.
• A separate table of landfill gas detections and exceedances for each monitoring location. Please
BOLD each exceedance result.
• A recent facility figure that includes labeled landfill gas monitoring locations (both permanent and
temporary).
If you have any questions or concerns regarding electronic submittals, please feel free to contact the
Hydrogeologist overseeing your facility. The Solid Waste Section greatly appreciates your assistance on
this matter. Working together, we can continue to provide excellent customer service to you and to the
public.
• Jackie Drummond, Asheville Regional Office, 828-296-4706, jaclynne.drummond a,ncdenr.gov
• Ervin Lane, Raleigh Central Office, 919-707-8288, ervin.lane(a),ncdenngov
• Elizabeth Werner, Raleigh Central Office, 919-707-8253, elizabeth.werner(a),ncdenngov
• Christine Ritter, Raleigh Central Office, 919-707-8254, christine.ritter(d),ncdenngov
• Perry Sugg, Raleigh Central Office, 919-707-8258, perry.sugg(a)ncdenr.gov
2
1646 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1646 2090 US Highway 70, Swannanoa, North Carolina 28778-82111
Phone: [phone] Phone: [phone]
http://poftal.ncdenr.org/web/wm/
An Equal Opportunity / Affirmative Action Employer