9809_WilsonLF_EJEnvJustice_20201211

DocuSign Envelope ID: 6C27CF86-F377-4113-8508-724E9B78C446
Socio-Economic Study
Wilson County Westside COD Landfill
Proposed Area 2 Expansion
Wilson, North Carolina
Prepared for:
Wilson County
Wilson, North Carolina
December 2020
Prepared by:
NCLIC.NO.F-1370 (ENGINEERING)
SMITH-, GARDNER
14 N. Boylan Avenue, Raleigh NC 27603 1919.828.057?
4 PRINTED ON 100% RECYCLED PAPER
O 2020 Smith Gardner, Inc.
This document is intended for the sole use of the client for which it was prepared and
for the purpose agreed upon by the client and Smith Gardner, Inc.

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DocuSign Envelope ID: 6C27CF86-F377-4113-8508-724E9B78C446
Socio-Economic Study
Wilson County Westside COD Landfill
Proposed Area 2 Expansion
Wilson, North Carolina
Prepared For:
Wilson County
Wilson, North Carolina
S+G Project No. Wilco-20-1
DocuSigned by:
B9779EBA711F488...
Joan A. Smyth, P.G.
(lice President, SeniorHydrogeologist
E
1Docu�S^igned by:J�y1•'I, . I-
". k&'6A f �V
358C21E64007440...
W. Michael Brinchek, P.E.
Senior Engineer
December 2020
4� . uY s
o
121211 20
_ $EAL
3 D
NCLIC.NO.F-1370 (ENGINEERING)
SMITH+GARONER
14 N. Boylan Avenue, Raleigh NC 27603 1 919.828.0577

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DocuSign Envelope ID: 6C27CF86-F377-4113-8508-724E9B78C446
Wilson County Westside COD Landfill
Proposed Area 2 Expansion
Socio-Economic Study
Table of Contents
Page
1.0
INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................... 1
2.0
FACILITY INFORMATION.............................................................................................. 1
3.0
REVIEW OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND DEMOGRAPHIC DATA ......................................... 3
3.1 Race and Ethnicity.....................................................................................................3
3.2 Age and Sex...............................................................................................................
6
3.3 Poverty.......................................................................................................................
7
3.4 Limited English Proficiency......................................................................................
9
4.0
LOCAL AREA RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT AND OTHER SENSITIVE RECEPTORS..
12
5.0
LOCAL AREA LANDFILL AND INDUSTRIAL SITES .....................................................
12
6.0
POTENTIAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES .................................................
12
6.1 Potential Releases to the Environment..................................................................
13
6.1.1 Final Cover System.....................................................................................
13
6.1.2 Erosion and Sedimentation Control...........................................................
13
6.1.3 Monitoring Programs..................................................................................13
7.0
FINDINGS..................................................................................................................
13
Wilson County Westside CDD Landfill Socio-Economic Study
December 2020 Table of Contents Page i

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Wilson County Westside CH landfill Socio-Economic Study
December2020 Pageii

DocuSign Envelope ID: 6C27CF86-F377-4113-8508-724E9B78C446
1.0 INTRODUCTION
The Westside C&D Landfill facility is located near Wilson, North Carolina and is owned and
operated by Wilson County (County) under NC Solid Waste Permit No. 9809-CDLF. The landfill
facility includes an active construction and demolition debris (C&D) landfill, scales and scale
house facilities, administrative offices, a maintenance building, a white goods, scrap metal, and
tire handling area, a citizen's convenience center, and a recycling building. The facility also has
one closed MSW landfill unit (NC Solid Waste Permit No. 9801-MSWLF-1990) which is
maintained by the County. Wilson County currently operates Area 1 which is expected to be
depleted of permitted volume in mid to late 2021. Once Area 1 has reached capacity, the County
will need to expand laterally into the proposed 32.9 acre Area 2 landfill unit (see Figure 1).
NCDEQ requires the evaluation of certain demographic information for a new C&D landfill
Located within 1-mile of an existing C&D landfill. This report provides socio-economic and
demographic information regarding the area immediately surrounding the proposed site along
with a comparison of Census -tract, County and Statewide data.
2.0 FACILITY INFORMATION
The proposed Westside Area 2 C&D landfill is an expansion of an existing landfill facility. This
facility also houses a closed municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill, a closed C&D landfill, an
active C&D landfill, a transfer station and recycling/convenience center.
The area surrounding the landfill is primarily farmland. There is some industrial development
to the west of the proposed Westside Area 2 C&D landfill, and limited residential development
to the west and east. Across Toisnot Swamp to the south there is additional residential
development adjacent to the Happy Valley Country Club/Golf Course. The approximate site
location with the 1-mile radius is shown on Figure 1, on the following page.
Wilson County Westside ED landfill Socio-Economic Study
December 2020 Page 1

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Wilson County Westside CH Landfill Socio-Economic Study
December2020 Paget

DocuSign Envelope ID: 6C27CF86-F377-4113-8508-724E9B78C446
3.0 REVIEW OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND DEMOGRAPHIC DATA
The following socio-economic and demographic elements were evaluated for the area
immediately surrounding the Westside Landfill site (taken as a 1-mile radius from the
approximate center of the site) (see Figure 31 and compared with the intermediate and greater
surrounding areas (taken as Census Tract 7 and Wilson County , respectively):
• Race and Ethnicity (Section 3.1);
• Age and Sex (Section 3.21;
• Poverty (Section 3.3); and
• Limited English Proficiency (Section 3.4).
Estimates for each element were taken from currently available census data' and utilizing the
Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Environmental Justice tool (EJScreen)2 for evaluation
of the 1-mile radius.
3.1 Race and Ethnici
U.S. Census Bureau estimates for race and ethnicity are shown on Figure 2 and Table 1
on the following pages for North Carolina, Wilson County, Census Tract 7, and the area
(I-mileradius) surrounding the proposed Area 2 expanson. Those who identify as Black
or African American were more than 10% above the State, County, Census Tract and
City averages. All other percentages within the 1-mile radius were similar to Census
Tract, County and State percentages.
' U.S. Census Bureau, American Fact Finder (https:Hfactfinder.census.gov).
2 U.S. EPA EJSCREEN (https://www.epa.gov/eescreen).
Wilson County Westside CH Landfill Socio-Economic Study
December 2020 Page 3

DocuSign Envelope ID: 6C27CF86-F377-4113-8508-724E9B78C446
Q Site Boundary
Site Boundary 1-Mile Buffer
2010 Census Tract
Percent Minority
0-20%
20-40%
40-60%
- 60-80%
80-100%
I l CPF
Dunn
Crossroads
Black Crck
C&D Landfill - 2400 Hwy 42, Wilson, NC
Socio-Economic Study
2010 Census
Percent Minority Population by Census Tract
RCE: 111,1LE'.
IPUMS NHGIS, University of Minnesota
Esri, HERE, Garmin, SafeGraph, MET]/NASA, 1:150,000
USGS, EPA, NIPS, USDA
�alal0f�d
Staotorsbura
SMITH+GARDNER
ENGINEERS
I:' bju 4, ,. Uigm NCt... I VK,I 1-' 11., RIC'.�E(Illlp
PROJECT NO.: FIGURE No.:
Dec. 16, 2020 WILCO-20-1 FIG 2
Wilson County Westside CDD Landfill
December2020
Socio-Economic Study
Page 4

DocuSign Envelope ID: 6C27CF86-F377-4113-8508-724E9B78C446
Table 1 - U.S, Census Bureau - Race and Ethnicity Estimates
Label
North Carolina
Wilson County, North Carolina
ensue 11 ract 1, Wilson nun y,
North Carolina
Within he i e
Radius of Area 2
Estimate
Percent
Margin of
Error
Estimate
Percent
Margin of
Error
Estimate
Percent
Margin of
Error
Estimate
Percent
RACE
Total population
94561,558
9,561,558
IXI
79,533
79,533
IXI
5,278
5,278
IXI
1526
One race
9142,801
97.7%
±0 1
78,205
9813%
±0.4
5,278
100.0°%
±07
14%
98%
Two or more races
218,757
23%
to
1,328
1.7%
±0.4
0
0.0%
±07
32
21K
One race
9,342,801
97.7%
±0,1
78,205
1 98.3%
±0.4
5,278
100.0%
±0,7
NA
NA
White
6.666.233
69.7%
tot
41,313
51.9%
t0.6
649
12.3%
t46
179
12%
Black crAfrican American
2,050,395
21,4%
±0,1
30,936
38.9%
±0.3
3,597
61
±9,0
1232
American Indian and Alaska Native
111,756
1,2°%
to
143
0.2e%
±0.1
0
0.0%
t0,7
2
V/.
Cherokee tribe l gra uping
18.741
02%
to1
89
0.1%
±0.1
0
1
±O7
NA
NA
Chippewa tribal grouping
145
0,0%
to
0
0.0%
±0.1
0
0.0%
t0,7
NA
NA
Navajo tribal grouping
506
0,0%
1 ±0,1
0
0.0%
±0.1
1 0
0.0%
1 ±0 7
NA
I NA
Sioux tribal grouping
428
0 U%
to1
0
I D.U%
t0.1
0
D.0%
t07
NA
NA
Asian
211,705
2.2%
to
473
0.6%
±02
50
0.9%
t1.4
0
01A
Asian Indian
53.068
0 6%
t0 1
328
0.4%
±0.3
0
0.0%
tO7
NA
NA
Chinese
32.787
031%
to1
0
0.0%
t0.1
0
0.0%
tO7
NA
NA
Filipino
19,264
0.2%
±0.1
68
0.1%
±0.1
50
0.9%
t1.4
NA
NA
Japanese
6,652
0,1%
to,1
12
0.0%
t0.1
0
0.0%
t0,7
NA
NA
Korean
23.195
02%
to I
0
0.0%
1 10.1
0
0.0%
t0.7
1 NA
NA
Vietnamese
27,162
0,31%
t0,1
34
0.0%
±0.1
0
1
±0,7
NA
NA
OtherAsian
49.557
05%
to 1
28
0.01/1
±0.1
0
001
±0,7
NA
NA
Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander
4,404
0,0%
to,1
10
0.0%
t0.1
0
0.0%
t 0 7
0
0%
Native Hawaiian
1,440
0 0%
to
0
0.0%
±0.1
0
0.0%
tO 7
NA
NA
Guamanian or Chamorro
1,772
0 0%
t0 1
10
0.0°%
:1
0
1
t0 7
NA
NA
Samoan
397
0,0%
±0.1
0
0.0%
±O.1
0
0.0%
±0,7
NA
NA
Other Pacific Islander
795
0 0%
do,1
0
0.0°%
±0.1
1 0
0.0%
±0 7
NA
NA
Some other race
291
31%
±0.2
5,333
6.7%
±0.6
962
18.6%
±10,4
61
51/1
Two or more races
218,757
2,3%
±0,1
1.328
1.7%
±0.4
0
0.0%
±07
NA
NA
White and Black or African American
63,2C2
09%
±0,1
452
0.6%
±0.3
0
0.0%
±0 7
NA
NA
White and American Indian and Alaska Native
44,707
0 5%
t0 1
150
0.2°%
t0.1
0
1
10 7
NA
NA
White and Asian
27,823
0,31k
to
276
0.3%
±0.2
0
0.0%
±07
NA
NA
Black orAfricenAmerican arid American Indian and Alaska Nativ
20.999
02°%
tot
1 98
0.1%
±0.1
0
1 0.0%
±O7
1 NA
NA
Race alone or in combination with one or more other races
Total population
9,561,558
9,561,558
IXI
79,533
79,533
IXI
5,278
5,278
IXI
NA
NA
White
6,844,118
71.6%
±0,2
42,452
534%
±0.6
649
12.3%
±4,6
NA
NA
BlackorAfricanAmerican
2,163,190
22.6%
±01
31,557
397%
±0.1
3,597
68.2%
t9,0
NA
NA
American Indian and Alaska Native
196,819
2.1%
to
444
0.6%
±0.1
0
0.0%
t0.7
NA
NA
Asian
252,755
2,6%
20,1
804
1.0%
:1
50
0.9°%
11,4
NA
NA
Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander
19,942
0.1%
±0.1
25
0.0%
±0.1
0
1
±0.7
NA
NA
Some other race
334,771
3.5%
to
5.602
7.0e/1
±0.6
982
18.61/1
t10.4
2
0e/r
HISPANIC OR LATINO AND RACE
Total population
9,561,558
9,561,558
IXI
79,533
79,533
IXI
5,278
5,278
IXI
Hispanic or Latino (of a my race)
604,926
8.4%
to.1
7,060
8.9%
_*•"
1,155
21.9%
±10.2
151
10%
Mexican
498,519
5,2%
I to
5,996
7.5%
tO.4
1,067
20.2°%
110,2
NA
NA
Puerto Rican
74,702
0.8%
to
153
0.2%
±0.1
0
1
±0.7
NA
NA
Cuban
20,151
I
do 1
0
0.0%
±0.1
1 0
1
±07
NA
NA
Other Hispanic or Latino
211,454
2,2%
±0,1
911
1.1%
±0.4
88
1.7%
±1,7
NA
NA
Not Hispanic or Latino
8,756,732
91,6%
to,1
72,473
91.1%
4,123
78.1%
t10,2
NA
NA
White alone
6,229,927
65.2e%
to.1
39,843
50.1%
±0.1
494
9.2%
±4.0
1 NA
NA
Black or African American alone
2,023, 910
21.2%
±0.1
30,881
38.80%
±0.3
3,589
68.0%
±8.9
NA
I NA
American Indian and Alaska Native alone
102,730
1,1%
1 to
131
0.2%
±0.1
0
0.0%
107
NA
NA
Asian alone
208,695
22%
to
446
0.6%
±0.2
50
UN%
±14
NA
NA
Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific lslanderalone
4,117
0,01A
±0,1
10
0.0%
±0.1
0
0.0%
±0,7
NA
NA
Some other race alone
14.354
0,2%
to.1
21
0.0%
±0.1
0
0.0%
±O7
NA
NA
Two or more races
173,099
1,8%
to
1,141
1.4%
10.4
0
1
±0,7
32
2%
Two races including Some other race
6,431
0.1%
to
112
0.1%
t0.1
0
11
±0.7
NA
NA
Two races excluding Some other race, and Three or more race
166,669
17%
±0,1
1.029
1.3%
±0.3
0
0.0°%
±0 7
NA
NA
Total housing units
4,333.479
IXI
IXI
34,942
IXI
IXI
2,528
IXI
IXI
NA
NA
DATA NOTES
TABLE ID OP05
VINTAGE 2010ACS 5-Year Estimate
Source. U.S. Census Bureau, 2D06-201 DAmerican 0--nity Survey
More than 1 C% above Census Tract, County and State
Ex pia nation of Symbols,An "`*" entry in the ma rgin of error column indicates that either no sample observations or too few sample observations were available to compute a standard errorand thus the margin of error.
An "-° entry in the estimate column indicates that either no sample observations or too few sample observations were available to compute an estimate, or ratio of medians cannot be calculated because one
or both of the median estimates falls in the lowest interval or up per interval of an open-ended distribution, or the margin of errs r associated with median was larger than the median itself.
An "-'following a median estimate means the median falls in the lowest interval of an open-ended diMrihution.An "t" following a median estimate means the median falls in the upper interval of an open-ended distribution.
An "'-entry in the margin of error column Indicates that the median falls in the lowest interval or upper interval of an open-ended distribution. A statistical test is not appropriate.
An "" *" entry in the margin of error rnIumn indicates that the estimate is controlled, A statistical test for sampling variability is not appropriate, An ' N" entry in the estimate and margin of error columns
indicates that data for this geographic area cannot be displayed because the number of sample cases is too smalLAn "IXI" means that the estimate is not applicable or not available.
Wilson County Westside CDD Landfill Socio-Economic Study
December 2020 Page 5

DocuSign Envelope ID: 6C27CF86-F377-4113-8508-724E9B78C446
3.2 Age and Sex
U.S. Census Bureau estimates for age and sex are shown on Figure 3 and Table 2 below
for North Carolina, Wilson County, Census Tract 7, and the area (I-mileradius)
surrounding the Area 2 expansion. Generally, the percent of each age group is similar
between the state, county, tract and local level.
Table 2 U S. Census Bureau - Age and Sex Estimates
Label
North Carolina
Wilson County, North Carolina
ensus I ract 7, Wilson Uourty, North
Carolina
Within ne-Mile
Radius of Area 2
Estimate
Percent
Percent
Margin of
Error
Estimate
Percent
Percent
Margin of
Error
Estimate
Percent
Percerr:
Margin of
Error
Estimate
Percent
SEX AND AGE
Total population
9,561,558
9.561,558
IXI
79,533
79,533
IXj
5,278
5,278
IX)
1520
Male
4,657,156
48.7%
±0.1
37,972
47.7°%
±0.2
2,496
47 3%
±4.3
597
39%
Female
4,904,402
51.3%
±0.1
41,561
52.3%
±0.2
2,762
52,7%
±4.3
923
61%
Under 5 years
632,323
6.6%
±0.1
5,360
6.7%
±0.1
428
8.11/0
±5.4
NA
NA
5to9years
631,596
6.60Io
±0.1
5,524
6,91l0
±0.5
376
7.11/o
±3.2
NA
NA
10to 14yea rs
643,244
6.7%
±0.1
5,463
6.9%
±0.5
424
8.01/0
±3.9
NA
NA
15to19years
667,184
7.0%
±0.1
5,737
7.2%
t0.1
339
6.41/6
±2.7
NA
NA
20to24years
661,693
6.9%
±0.1
4,764
6.0%
1 ±0.1
138
2,61/o
±1.4
NA
NA
25to34yea rs
1,243,403
13.0%
±0.1
9,385
11.8°%
±0.1
707
134%
±4.3
NA
NA
35to44yea rs
1,239,395
14.0%
±0.1
10,704
13.5%
±0.1
565
10,7%
±3.3
NA
NA
45to54years
1,359,684
14.2%
±0.1
11,649
14.6%
±0.1
815
154°%
±4.6
NA
NA
55 to 59 years
600,702
6.3%
±0.1
5.307
6.7%
±0.5
316
6.0%
±3.3
NA
NA
60 to 64years
542,728
5.7%
±0,1
4,640
5,81/0
±0.5
326
6.21/0
±2.4
NA
NA
65 to 74years
704,289
7.4%
±0,1
6,002
7.5%
±0 1
400
7.61/0
±2.6
NA
NA
75to84yea rs
386,821
4.0°lo
±0.1
3,891
4.9%
±0,3
354
6.71/u
±2.7
NA
NA
85yea rsandover
148,609
1.6%
+0.1
1,087
1.4%
±0,2
90
1.71/6
±1.6
NA
NA
Median age Iyearsl
37.3
IXI
IXI
38,5
IX)
IXj
41 C
IXI
IXI
NA
NA
18yearsandover
7,277,315
76.1%
±0.1
59,631
75.0°%
*** *
3,888
73,7°%
±6.1
1066
71%
21 years and over
6,839,181
71.5%
±0.1
56,464
71.0%
±0,2
3,652
69,2%
±6.3
NA
NA
62yea rsandover
1,560,321
16.3%
±0.1
13,646
17.2%
to
1,058
200°%
±4.9
NA
NA
65 yea rsand over
1,239,719
13.0%
±0.1
10,980
13.8°%
±0.1
844
16,0°%
±4.0
222
15
18 yea rsand over
7,277,315
7,277,315
(XI
59,631
59,631
(Xj
3,888
3,888
IXI
NA
NA
Male
3,484,463
47.9%
±0.1
27,729
46.5%
±0,2
1,810
466%
±5.1
NA
NA
Female
3,792,652
52.1°/a
±0.1
31,902
53.5%
±0.2
2,078
53,4%
±5.1
NA
NA
65 yea rsand over
1,239,719
1,239,719
IXI
10,980
10,980
IX)
844
844
IXI
NA
NA
Male
525,146
42,4%
±0.1
4,408
40.1 %
±0.4
362
42 9%
±12 5
NA
NA
Female
714,573
57.60/o
±0.1
6,572
59.90%
±0.4
482
57 1%
+12 5
NA
NA
DATA NOTES
TABLEIO OP05
VINTAGE 2010ACS 5-Year Estimate
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2006-2010 American Comm unity Survey
Explanation of Symbols,An "**"entry in the margin of error column indicates that either no, or too few sample observations were available to compute a standard error and thus the margin of error.
An "-" entry in the estimate column indicates that either no sample observations or too few sample observations were available to compute an estimate, or a ratio of medians cannot be calculated becaus
or both of the median estimates falls in the lowest interval or upper interval of an open-ended distribution, or the margin of error associated with a median was largerthan the median itself
An "-" following a median estimate means the median falls in the lowest interval of an open-ended distribution An "+" following a median estimate means the median falls in upper interval of open-ended
An "***" entry in the margin of error column indicates that the median falls in the lowest interval or upper interval of an open-ended distribution. A statistical test is not appropriate.
An '* *` entry in the margin of error column indicates that the estimate is controlled. A statistical test for sampling variability is not appropriate. An "N" entry in the estimate and margin of error calurr
indicates that data for this geographic area cannot be displayed because the number of sample cases is too small.An "(XI" means that the estimate is not applicable or not available,
Wilson County Westside CDD Landfill Socio-Economic Study
December 2020 Page 6

DocuSign Envelope ID: 6C27CF86-F377-4113-8508-724E9B78C446
3.3 Poverty
U.S. Census Bureau estimates for poverty status are shown in Figure 3 and Table 3
below for North Carolina, the County, and Census Tract 7. Poverty data for the area (1-
mile radius) around the site was not available. Several demographics at the Tract level
have poverty increases of more than 10% from from the County overall.
Q Site Boundary
Site Boundary lei le Buffer
2014-2018 ACS Census Tract
Percent Below Poverty
o-20% stead
20-40% roads
e7-100%
Elm City
Dunn
Crossroads I
r
Finch Mill i
_1
id,
O�
1 CA'a
1:12Ci<L-2cl,
Sharpsburg
$tantOnsburg
C&D Landfill - 2400 Hwy 42, Wilson, INC SMITH+G A R D N E R
Socio-Economic Study
2014-2018 American Community Survey ENGINEERS
Percent of Population Below Poverty by Census Tract „,,a,,�,,,,,,,,,u;,,,,,,,,,, .,pg,,,:,,�i,p,.,1111,,-
sou RCF. SCALD. D1 F. PPOIECI NO.: nGOPE NO.:
US Census Bureau, ACS 2014-2018
Esri, HERE, Garmin, SafeGraph, MET]/NASA, 1:150,000 Dec. 16, 2020 WILCO-20-1 FIG 3
USGS, EPA, NIPS, USDA
Wilson County Westside CH Landfill Socio-Economic Study
December2020 Page?

DocuSign Envelope ID: 6C27CF86-F377-4113-8508-724E9B78C446
Table 3: U.5, Census - Pove ty Status in the Pest 12 Months
North Ce mllna
W1Lson County, North Carolina
Census Tract 7, Wilson County, North Caroline
TotoL
Below poverty
IeveL
Peroenl below poverty
level
Total
Below
poverty
Level
Percent helew poverty
level
Total
"Bow
poverty
Level
Percent below poverty
IeveL
Label
Estimate
Estimete
Estimate
Margin of
Error
Estimate
Estimate
Estimate
Margin of
Error
Estimate
Estimate
Estimate
Margin of
Error
Population forwhom poverty status is determined
9,984 B91
1,467,591
14, 7%
x0.2
79,B33
16.217
20.3%
±1,4
4, 575
1720
37.6%
x10.6
AGE
Under 18 years
2,261,398
478.677
21.2%
±0.4
18.521
6.042
32.6%
±3.7
1, 289
809
62.8%
±18.6
Under 5years
595, 657
141.716
23, 0,
±0.6
4,704
1.742
37.0%
±4,9
337
263
78.0%
x23.9
510 17 yea rs
1,665,741
337,161
20, 21,
ERA
13,617
4,300
31.11A
±4,3
952
546
57.4%
±21.1
Related child- of househoLder a nder 18 year.
2,250, 115
468.284
20.8%
±0.4
18,404
5,925
32.2%
±3.8
1,270
7%
62.2%
i18.9
18to 64years
6,135, 770
643.692
13.8%
t0.2
47,599
0.251
117.3%
t14
2, 51,4
79L
21.0% 'a110
18 to 34years
2,182,535
378,652
19, 37,
x0.2
16,287
3,328
20.4%
±2,5
652
345
2.9%
x16.9
35 to 64 years
3,953, 243
445.041
11.3%
±0.2
31,312
4,923
15.7%
t1.5
1,912
451
22.6%
310.4
LOyears and over
2, 217, 883
216440
9.8%
t0.2
19.623
2,B50
14.5%
t1.7
1, 152
270
23.4%
a100
65 years and aver
1,5B7,715
145,D21
9.1%
±D.2
13,713
1,924
14.0%
±2,1
722
115
15.9%
±117
SEX
Male
4,B28486
642,615
13.3%
t0.2
37.654
7,U99
18.991.
t1.7
1, 730
5U4
33.6%
a162
Female
5,156,405
824,976
16, 0%
x0.2
L2.179
9.118
21.6%
±1,9
2, B45
1, 136
39.9%
±126
RACE AND HISPANIC OR LATINO ORIGIN
White alone
Black o r Af rican American alone
6,881, 592
2,116,769
790.244
475,972
11.5%
22, 5%
t0.2
x0.4
4D. SEA
31,640
4,U20
8,672
9.9%
27.4%
t1.3
±3,0
625
3,432
570
792
22.8%
a9.9
±10.3
American Indian a nd Alaska Not ive alone
120,328
29,961
24.9%
±1.3
510
336
65.9%
±25.3
0
0
Asian alone
285,78,
3D,707
in 7%
t0.7
675
53
7.9%
tA
0
U
Native Hawaiianand Other Pacific Islander alone
6,630
1,360
20, 5%
±4.6
0
0
0
0
Some other race alone
311,206
84,699
27.2%
±1.2
4,493
2,194
48.8%
±10.7
246
164
66.7%
±50.2
Two or more races
262,58Q
54,627
2U,8%
'DA
2,0D9
942
46.9%
±15.4
1272
2U4
750%
±89-8
His an or Latino on in [of any ra col
940, 295
248.474
26.4%
x0.6
0, 265
3,388
41 0%
±6.6
991
626
63.2%
±33 7
White alone, not Hi: panic or Latino
6,020, 337
644.440
10.2%
±0.2
37.469
3.080
8.2%
±1.3
115
61
53.0% '±46.4
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
Population 25 years a nd over
6,878, 567
791.583
11, 5%
±0.1
541718
8,822
16.I w
±1,1
3,039
757
24.9%
±8.1
ss the n r ig h echo.[ graduate
824,047
227.071
27.6%
±0.4
10.576
3.304
31.2%
±3.4
1,212
48B
40.3%
±16.2
l g h moot graduate(includes equivalen cyl
1,752,407
257.094
14 N,
±D.2
17.222
3.094
18.04
±2,3
698
110
15.8%
±122
Same college, associate's degree
2,129, 119
219.874
10, 3%
±0.2
16.114
1.979
11.71k
±2,0
857
147
17.2%
±14.0
Eachelor's degree or higher
2,172, 994
87,542
4.D%
±0.1
10.806
545
5.0%
±2.0
272
12
44%
±7.7
ALL INOI E BELOW THE FCLLOWIN
POVERTY RATIOS
50 percent of poverty level
144,054
IXI
IXI
IX)
6,478
(XI
IXI
IXI
435
IXI
IX)
(XI
125 percent of poverty level
1,965,346
IXI
IXI
IX)
21,735
(XI
(XI
IXI
2,137
IXI
IXj
(XI
1 SU P. r-s a nt of pove rty levy l
2/.4766R
IXI
IXI
IXj
26,449
(XI
(XI
(XI
2, 621
(XI
IX)
(xi
105 percent of pave rty level
3,136, 964
IXI
IX)
IX)
31.535
(XI
IXI
IXI
2, B66
IXI
IX)
(XI
200 percent of poverty level
3,420,47,
IXI
IXI
IX)
33,991
IXI
IXI
[XI
3, 153
IXI
IX)
(xi
300 percent of pove rty level
5,152, 664
IXI
IXI
IXI
46.272
IXI
IXI
IXI
3, 72C
IXI
IXI
IXI
400 pe rxent of P.-rty level
6,526, 654
Ix)
IX)
IXj
50,465
(XI
(XI
IXI
4,086
IXI
IXj
(XI
500 ercent of aver.y level
7,544,247
IXI
IXI
IXj
65,156
[XI
(XI
IXI
4, 337
(XI
.X'.
[XI
UNRELATED INDIVIDUALS FOR WHOM POVERTY STATUS 15
DETERMINED
1,939, 003
5D4, 081
26.0%
E0.3
15.635
5.164
32.69A
±2.5
1, 008
493
43.99k
x151
Male
922,006
1219.572
23.8%
z0.4
17, 553
2,300
30.5%
zG4
496
A
Female
1,)16, 997
284.508
28, 0%
±D.4
8,2B2
2,864
34.6%
±3,5
512
274
53.5%
±20.0
15 years
2, 58b
2,554
98.8%
±1.3
66
66
100.C'n
±37.9
W
19
100.0%
±70.6
14to 17 years
7,039
7,573
96, 6%
±1.5
45
45
100."
±45.9
0
0
18 to 24 yea rs
224,184
114.799
51, 2%
±1.0
848
450
53.1%
±1 D.8
1
1
100.0%
±1 DO.D
25to 34years
384,153
78,495
20. 4%
±0.6
2,221
681
30.7%
±9.0
30
30
100.u%
±56.2
35 to 44 years
231, 296
0.4.35
21.4%
A
1, 898
57C
30 0%
±9.7
57
10
17 5%
±450
45 to 54 yea rs
275,174
6B,873
25, 0%
±0.6
2,072
654
31.7%
±8,8
118
72
61.0%
±35.1
55W 64 yea rs
326,014
9D,414
27.7%
±0.6
3,362
1,231
36.6%
±6.9
478
246
51.5%
±24.7
65 to 74 yaa ra
258, 289
14B.573
JIB.0%
1±0.5
12, 928
190C
133.5%
1.5.5
Iwo
76
40.0%
±333
75 years and over
229,"IS
43,365
A9%
±0.6
21395
485
20.3'x
±5,9
115
39
33.9%
±45.0
Mean income defic it for unrelated individuals IdoLlaral
7,045
IXI
lX1
IXI
6,662
IXI
IXI
IXI
4,01
IXI
IXI
IXI
Worked full-time, yea r- m an d i n th a paa112 months
928,250
31,434
3.8%
tD
5,119
16L
3.2%
t20
215
0
0.D%
±150
Worked less than full-time, year-round in the past 12 months
415,191
170,971
41, 2%
71
2, 868
1,046
36.5%
m6,0
1a0
30
21.4%
x29.9
Did not work
695, 572
3DI,676
143, 470
±D.5
17, 946
3.952
15U.4it
±3,4
1653
1463
170.9%
±16.0
DATA NOTES
TABLE I 51701
SURVEYIPROGRAM American Comm a nity Survey
YINTAGE 2017
DATASET ACSSTSY2019
vK0 a VC'r ACS 5-Year Estimates Subject Tables
Indicates Census Tract percent is more than 10% higher than the percent for the County
TABLE NOTES
Source. U.S, Census Bureau, 2015-2019 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates
Explanation of SymboLa An- entry in the margin of errorcolumn indicates that either nosample 000i-ations ortoo fewsample ohservations were available to compute a standard errorand thus the margin of error.
An "-" entry in the estimate column indicates that either- sample observations ortoo few sa mple observations were available to compute an estlmate, ore ratlo of medians cannot be calculated because one
or both of the median estimates falls in the lowest interval or upper interval at an open-ended distribution, orihe margin of error associated with a median was lar erthan the median itsetl.
An ' followinga median estimate means the median falls in the lowest ird-Lof an open-ended distribution.An "+- following a median estimate means the median falls in the upper intervalof an open-ended distribution.
An "•" ntry In the margin of error sdlumn indicates that the median falls in the lowest interval.nipper interval of an open-ended distrihmion. Astatistlsal test is not appr-opriala.
An """"' entry In the margin of error column indicates that the estlmate is controlled. A statist Ical test for sampling varia hility is not appropriate. An "N"entry I, the eat (mate and margin of error columns
indicates that data forthls geographic a rea cannot be displayed beca use the number of sample cases stoo e U.Ain"IXj" means that the estimate Is not applicable or not available.
Wilson County Westside CDD Landfill Socio-Economic Study
December 2020 Page 8

DocuSign Envelope ID: 6C27CF86-F377-4113-8508-724E9B78C446
3.4 Limited English Proficiency
U.S. Census Bureau estimates for limited English proficiency (LEP) are shown on Figure
4 and Table 4 below and on the following pages for North Carolina, Wilson County,
Census Tract 7 and the area (I-mileradius) immediately surrounding Area 2. These
data indicate 83% of the residents within one mile speak English very well. Based on
this, no additional notifications in a second language are necessary for the site.
[= Ste Boundary
a Ste Boundary 1-MI le Buffer 5 hz rpsbu r9
2014-2018 ACS Census Tract
Percent LEP
U4% SL2zd
¢gqo 3rczds
&12%
12-20%
20-40%
40-EC%
Ll-n :.ty
0
h Mill
Dunn
Cress rua ds
Black C-2ck
Stantonsburg
]d aL'I, d
C&D Landfill - 2400 Hwy 42, Wilson, NC SMITH GARD N4E R
Socio-Economic Study +
2014-2018 American Community Survey ENGINEER 5
Percent Limited English Proficiency Population
by Census Tract n•i,m,;�m-2snu�or rma I nruaJra+oimnrwo—
SOURCE I CALE: DATE PROJECT No.. "GU
RENO
US Census Bureau, ACS 2014-2018
Esri, HERE, Garmin, SafeGraph, METIMASA, 1:150,000 Dec. 16, 2020 W ILCO-20-1 FIG 4
USGS, EPA, NPS, USDA
Wilson County Westside CH Landfill Socio-Economic Study
December2020 Pages

DocuSign Envelope ID: 6C27CF86-F377-4113-8508-724E9B78C446
Table 4 - U.S. Census - Language Spoken At Home
North Carolina
Wilson County, North Carolina
Total
Percent
Percent of specified Language
speakers
Total
Percent
Percent arspecified language speakers
Speak
English
only or
speak
English
"very well"
Percent
speak
English
only or
speak
English
"very well"
Speak
English Less
than "very
well'
Percent speak
English less than
'very well'
Speak
English
only or
speak
English
"very well"
Percent speak
English only or
speak English 'very
well"
Speak
English
Less than
"very well"
Percent
speak
English
Less then
"very well"
Label
Estimate
Estimate
Estimate
Estimate
Estimate
Estimate
Margin of
Error
Estimate
Estimate
Estimate
Estimate
Margin
of Error
Estimate
Estimate
Population 5 years and over
9,659.751
(X
9,221,259
95.5%
438,492
4.51A
m0.1
76,621
XI
73,596
96.1%
m0.6
3,025
3.9%
Speak only English
8,519,964
88.2%
IXI
IX)
[X]
IXl
IXI
68,289
69.1%
IX)
IXI
IXI
(XI
IX
Speak a language other than English
1.139,787
11.8%
701,295
61.51%
433,492
38.51".
m0.4
8,332
10.9%
5,307
63.7%
15.1
3,025
36.3%
SPEAK A LANGUAGE OTHER THAN
EN GLISH
Spanish
735,619
7.6%
428,392
58.211.
307,227
41.81/.
t0.5
6,759
8.8%
4,003
59.2%
t6.0
2,756
40.8%
5to17years aid
204,833
2.1%
167,668
61.9%
37,165
18.14'o
m0.8
2,192
2.9%
1.659
75.70h
m11.2
533
24.3%
18 to 64 years old
499,910
5.2%
246,485
49.3%
253,425
51
10.6
4,488
5.9%
2,322
51.7%
17.3
2,166
48.3%
65years old andover
30,876
0.30/
14,239
46.1%
16,637
53.9%
t2.0
79
0.1%
22
27.8%
140.7
57
72.2%
Other Indo-European languages
179,021
1.9%
132,384
73.9%
46,637
26.1%
t1.1
686
0.9%
619
9C.2%
±11.7
67
9.8%
5 to 17years old
22.028
0.2%
18,044
81.9%
3,984
18.10%
1 t2.4
16
0.0%
18
100.0%
172.5
0
0.0%
18to64yearsold
129,980
1.3%
96.434
74.21/o
33,496
25.8%
t1.2
582
0.8%
532
91.4%
t9.9
50
8.6%
65 years old and over
27,013
0.3%
17.856
66.1%
9,157
33.9%
t22
86
0.1%
69
80.2%
134.8
17
19.8%
Asian and Pacific Island languages
166,510
1.7%
99.614
59.8%
66,896
40.2%
t0.9
508
0.7%
435
85.6%
t9.9
73
14.4%
5 to 17years old
25.298
0.3%
19,112
75.5%
6,186
24.50f6
t2.3
6
0.0%
6
100.0%
t100.0
0
0.0%
18 to 64 years old
125,490
1.3%
75,322
60.0%
50,176
40.0%
t1.0
483
0.6%
419
86.7%
±10.2
64
13.3%
65 years old and over
15.714
0.2%
5,180
33.0%
10,534
67.0%
t3.2
19
0.0%
10
52.6%
152.6
9
47.4%
Other languages
58,637
0.6%
40,905
69.8%
17,732
1 30.2%
m2.0
379
0.5%
250
66.0%
d13.9
129
34.0%
5 to 17years old
11,763
0.1%
9,937
76.0%
2,826
24.0%
m3.9
158
0.2%
158
100.0%
m19.7
0
0.0%
18 to 64 years old
43,135
0.4%
29,751
69.C%
13,384
31.0%
t2.1
221
0.3%
92
41.6%
±24.2
129
58.4%
65 years old and over
3,739
0.00/
2,217
59AN%
1,522
40.7%
t6.5
0
0.0
0
-
-
0
-
CITIZENS 18 YEARS AND OVER
All citizens 18 years old and over
7,514,949
IXI
7,398,491
98.3%
126,478
1.7%
t0.1
59,542
IXI
58,617
98.4%
t0.5
925
L6%
Speak only English
7,039,000
93.7%
IXI
IXI
IXI
IX
IX)
56,302
94.6%
(X)
IXI
IXI
I (XI
IXI
Speak a language ctherlhan English
475,969
6.3%
349,491
73.4%
126,478
26.6%
t0.6
3,240
5.4%
2.315
71.5%
t8.4
925
28.5%
Spanish
261,888
3.5%
194,191
74.2%
67,697
25.8%
t0.8
2,259
3.8%
1.476
65.3%
311.1
783
34.7%
Other languages
214,081
2.8%
155,300
72.5%
58,781
27.5%
m0.7
981
1.6%
1 839
85.5%
x10.8
142
14.5%
DATA NOTES
TAHLEID 51601
SURVEY/PROGRAM American Community Survey
VINTAGE 2019
DATASET ACSST5Y2019
PRODUCT: ACS 5-Year Estimates Subject Tables
Source: LLS. Census Bureau, 2015-2019 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates
Explanation of SymbolsAn """ an try in the margin of error coumn in di ra [as That either no sample observations or too few sample observations were available to compute a s[an dard error and thus the margin of error_
A,'-' entry in the estimate column indicates that either no sample observation: or too few sample observations were available to compute an estimate, or ratio of medians cannot be calculated because one
or both o{the median estimates falls in [ha lowest interval or upper interral of an open-ended distribution, or [ha margin of error associated vnth a median was larger than [he median itself.
An''" following a median estimate means the median faits in the lowest interval cf an open-ended distribution.An'4" following a median estimate means the median falls in the upper interval of an open-ended distribution,
An """ entry in the margin of error column indicates that the median falls in the lowest interval ar upper interval of an open-ended distribution. A statistical lest is not appropriate.
An"°°" entry in the margin of error column indicates that the estimate is controlled. A statistical test for sampling variabii.ty is not appropriate.An"N" entry in the estimate and margin oferror columns
indicates that data for this geographic area cannot he displayed because the number of sample oases is too small. An "IXI" means that the estimate is not appdcahle or notavailzhle.
NA indicates data not ova ilable.
Wilson County Westside CDD Landfill Socio-Economic Study
December2O2O Page1O

DocuSign Envelope ID: 6C27CF86-F377-4113-8508-724E9B78C446
Table 4 - U.S. Census - Language Spoken At Home
Census Tract 7, Wilson County, North Carolina
Within a One -Mile Radius of Area 2
Total
Percent
Percent of specified language speakers
Total
Percent
Percent of specified Language speakers
Speak
English only
or speak
English
'verywell"
Percent
speak
English only
orspeak
English"very
well"
Speak
English
lessthan
"very well"
Percent speak English
Less than "very well"
Speak
English
only or
speak
English
"verywetl"
Percent
speak
English
only or
speak
English
"very well"
Speak
English
lessthan
"very well"
Percent
speak
English
less than
"very well"
Lai
Estimate
Estimate
Margin of
Error
Estimate
Estimate
Estimate
Estimate
Margin of
Error
Estimate
Percent
Estimate
Percent
Estimate
Percent
Population 5 years end over
4,516
(XI
(X)
3,870
85.7%
646
14.3%
d,5.7
1316
100%
NA
NA
NA
NA
Speak only English
3,654
80.9%
±6.5
(XI
IXI
[XI
IXI
IX)
S55
68%
14
XI
IXI
(XI
Speak a lan ua e other than English
B62
19.1 %
±6.5
216
25.1%
646
74.9%
±16.9
421
32%
192
151/s
229
171/h
SPEAK A LANGUAGE OTHER THAN
ENGLISH
Spanish
962
19.1%
±6.5
216
25.1%
646
74.9%
±16,9
231
19%
NA
NA
NA
NA
5 to 17 years old
251
5.6%
±4.4
9
3.61k
242
96.4%
t10.1
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
18 to 64years old
597
13.2%
L,6.1
193
32.31A
404
67.7%
ff17 6
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
65yearsold and over
14
0.3%
±0.9
14
100.0%
0
0.0%
+82,3
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Other lndo-European languages
0
0.0%
t0.8
0
-
0
-
"
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
5 to 17 years old
0
0.0%
L,0.8
0
0
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
18 to 64 years old
0
0.0%
±0.3
0
-
0
-
""
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
65 years otd and over
0
0.0%
±U,8
0
0
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Asian and Pacific Island languages
0
0.0%
L,0.3
0
0
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
5 to 17 years old
0
0.0%
±0.8
0
-
0
-
*'
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
18 to 64years old
0
0.0%
±0.8
0
0
**
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
65 years old and over
0
0.0%
±0.3
0
0
""
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Other languages
0
0.0%
±0.8
0
0
**
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
5 to 17 years old
0
0.0%
±0.8
0
0
**
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
18 to 64years old
0
0.0%
±0.8
0
-
0
-
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
65 years old and over
0
0.0%
±0.8
0
-
0
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
CITIZENS 18 YEARS AN I OVER
All citizens 13years old and ever
3,362
IXI
IXI
3,070
91.3%
292
8.7%
±5.8
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Speak only English
2,689
85.9%
±7A
A
IXI
(XI
K
IX)
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Speak a language other than English
473
14.1e/1
±7.4
181
38.3%
292
61.7%
±23.4
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Spanish
473
14.1%
LL7.4
181
38.3%
292
6t.79ra
L,23.4
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Other languages
0
0.0%
t1.0
0
-
0
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
DATA NOTLS
TABLE ID S1601
SURVEY/PROGRAM American Community Survey
VINTAGE 2019
DATASET ACSST5Y2019
PRODUCT: ACS 5-Year Estimates Subject Tables
Source, U5. Census Bureau, 2iJ15-2019 American Communily5urvey 5-Year Estmates
Explanation of SymhuLs:An'^ entry in the re rgin of error column in dicates that either no sample observations or too few sample observations were available to compute a standard error and thus the margin of error.
An"-' entry in the estimate column indicates that either no sample observations or Leo few sample observations were availabte to compute an estimate, or a rate of medians cannot be caLcuLated because one
orbcth of the median estimates falls in the lowest intervalor upper interval of er open-ended distribution, or the margin of error associated with a median was larger than the median itself.
An"-' following a median estmate means the median falls in the lowest interval plan open-ended distribution.An '," fotlowinga median estimate means the median falls in the upper interval of an open-ended distribution.
An-' entry in the margin of error column indicates that the median falls in the lowest interveL crupper interval of an open-ended distribution, A statieLicaCtest is not appropriate,
An"""" entry in the margin of error column indicates that the estimate is controlLed. A statistical test for sampling variability is not appropriate .An"N" entry in the estimate and margin oferror coWmne
India tes that data far this geographic area cannot he displayed because the number of sample cases is too small An "I10" means that the estimate is not applicable cr not available
NAindicztes data not available.
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4.0 LOCAL AREA RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT AND OTHER SENSITIVE RECEPTORS
Development around the Westside Area 2 C&D Landfill consists of mixed farmland residential,
commercial and industrial use. Scattered houses and businesses exist along the main roads,
but most of the nearby residential development is located on Buck Branch Road, Heather Court,
Landfill Road and Banks Lane East. Additional residential development is located across
Toisnot Swamp in the Glenwood Hills subdivision.
In addition to residences, other sensitive receptors for landfill facilities include, but are not
limited to, hospitals, schools, daycare facilities, elderly housing and convalescent facilities.
None of these were noted within a 1-mile buffer of the site.
5.0 LOCAL AREA LAN OFILLAN0INOUSTRIALSITES
Some of the local area around the Westside Area 2 C&D Landfill facility is designated for
industrial use and, thus, includes other active and closed landfills and industrial sites. The 1-
mile radius around the site is primarily farmland, or the C&D facility itself, with the exception of
industrial and residential development to the west and limited residential development to the
north/east of the facility. A review of Google Maps indicated a number of existing and former
landiflls and industrial sites within the immediately surrounding area (1-mile radius). These
sites include, but are not limited to:
• Wilson County C&D Landfill;
• Wilson County Closed MSW Landfill;
• Wilson County Recycle/Transfer Station;
• Wilson County Maintenace Facility;
• Wilson County Yard Waste, Compost and Mulch Processing Area;
• Wilson Mold and Machine, Inc.'
• Fulford and Jones Asphalt Plant;
• O'Brian Tarping Systems;
• Wilson County Recycle/Transfer Station; and
• Pridgen Farms.
6.0 POTENTIAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES
Potential impacts to the local area during the expansion and operation of the Westside Area 2
C&D Landfill include potential environmental impacts. These potential impacts and mitigation
measures are summarized below.
6.1 Traffic
Traffic related to the proposed facility expansion will be similar to current site
operations.
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6.2 Potential Releases to the Environment
The following is a review of measures required to prevent potential releases into the
environment at the facility.
6.2.1 Final Cover System
Once the landfill reaches its capacity, a final cover system is required. This final
cover system prevents contact with the waste mass and, in conjuction with
landfill gas (LFG) collection components also aids the control of LFG and odors.
Also, once Area 1 is full, that portion of the site will be closed with a low -
permeability cover.
6.2.2 Erosion and Sedimentation Control
An approved erosion and sedimentation control plan is required for construction
and operation of the landfill facility. This plan includes several existing sediment
basins. In addition, the site is routinely inspected to ensure that storm water
conveyance features remain intact and erosion is repaired in a timely manner.
6.2.3 Monitoring Programs
On -going monitoring programs at the site include water quality monitoring,
landfill gas monitoring, and storm water (National Pollution Discharge
Elimination System (NPDES)) monitoring. These programs are intended to
minimize the potential for an undetected release to the environment.
7.0 FINDINGS
As described herein, the findings of this study are as follows:
Socioeconomic and demographic data for the Wilson County, Census Tract 7, and the
area (1-mile radius) immediately surrounding the proposed Westside Area 2 C&D
Landfill were evaluated and existing landfill and industrial sites considered to determine
if any disproportionately high or adverse impact on minority or low-income populations.
Although the area and Census Tract do indicate high populations of minorities, and
individuals who fall below the poverty line, the site has been utilized as a landfill facility
for decades.
Potential impacts and mitigation measures were reviewed. While the proposed
expansion does increase the footprint of the C&D landfill, there are suitable measures
which are or will be in place to monitor and, if necessary, address potential impacts.
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