5002_CLOSURE_PLAN

CLOSURE AND POST -CLOSURE PLAN
Jackson County Construction / Demolition Landfill
The final cap system for the Jackson County Construction / Demolition Landfill will be
constructed in two stages. As the fill in each stage is completed, the area will be closed and capped in
order to minimize infiltration of stormwater and to reduce leachate production.
1.0 CAP DESCRIPTION AND CONSTRUCTION
A cross-section of the final cap is contained on sheet 6 of the drawings. The cross-section will
consist of a one foot layer of compacted on -site soils, a compacted 18-inch clay cap with a
permeability of 1x10-5 cm/sec, and a 6-inch thick topsoil cover.
1.1 Cap Foundation (intermediate cover)
The cap foundation cover (intermediate cover) is designed to minimize infiltration of stormwater
into the landfill prior to placement of the barrier cap, and to provide a sound working platform
over the municipal solid waste. The compacted intermediate cover will extend over the entire
waste area and consist of a minimum of 12-inches of compacted soil.
1.2 Clay Cap
The function of the clay cap to minimize surface water infiltration into the underlying waste cell.
The clay cap consist of an 18-inch thick compacted clay layer. The clay cap will require a
minimum 18 inches of clay soil with a maximum permeability of 1x10-5 cm/sec. The clay soil
may consist of on -site, off -site soils, or a combination of the two. The soil may require the
addition of bentonite to meet the permeability requirements. The design of the landfill cap
provides for a minimum number of penetrations through the low permeable barrier cap. The only
required penetrations are for methane gas venting system.
1.2a - Construction Requirements
Construction methods for the compacted clay cap shall be based upon the type and quality of the
borrow source and shall be verified in the field by constructing test pad(s). The CQA engineer
shall ensure that the compacted clay cap installation conforms with the Division approved plans
including the following minimum requirements:
1. A test pad shall be constructed prior to beginning installation of the compacted clay cap and
whenever there is a significant change in soil material properties. The area and equipment, cap
thickness, and subgrade slope and conditions shall be representative of full scale construction.
Acceptance and rejection criteria shall be based on results from the tests specified in Section 1.2b.
For each lift, a minimum of three test locations shall be established for testing moisture content,
density, and a composite sample for recompacted lab permeability. At least one shelby tube
sample for lab permeability testing, or another in situ test approved by the Division, shall be
obtained per lift.
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2. Soil conditioning, placement, and compaction shall be maintained within the range identified in
the moisture -density -permeability relation developed in accordance with Section 1.2b.
3. The final compacted thickness of each lift shall be a maximum of six inches.
4. Prior to placement of successive lifts, the surface of the lift in place shall be scarified or
otherwise conditioned to eliminate lift interfaces.
5. The final lift shall be adequately protected from environmental degradation.
1.2b - Construction Quality Assurance Requirements
The project engineer shall include in the CQA report a discussion of all quality assurance
and quality control testing required in this section. The results of all testing shall be included in
the CQA report including documentation of any failed test results, descriptions of the procedures
used to correct the improperly installed materials, and statements of all re -testing performed in
accordance with the Division approved plans including the following requirements:
i. At a minimum, the quality control testing for accepting materials prior to and during
construction of a compacted clay cap shall include: particle size distribution analysis,
Atterberg limits, triaxial cell laboratory permeability, moisture content, percent bentonite
mixed admixed with soil, and the moisture -density -permeability relation. The project
engineer shall certify that the materials used in construction were tested according to the
Division approved plans.
ii. At a minimum, the quality assurance testing for evaluation of each lift of the compacted
clay cap shall include: moisture content and density, and permeability testing. Fore each
location, the moisture content and density shall be compared to the appropriate moisture -
density -permeability relation. The project engineer shall certify that the cap was
constructed using the methods and acceptance criteria consistent with test pad construction
and tested according to the Division approved plans.
iii. Any tests resulting in the penetration of the compacted clay cap shall be repaired using
bentonite or as approved the Division.
1.3 Methane Gas Removal System
A methane gas venting system has been included with a final cap configuration as shown on sheet
4 of the Drawings. An passive methane gas venting system is proposed to remove methane gas
that collects beneath the final cap. The gas collection system consists of 16 gas vents, as detailed
on sheet 6. The methane gas vents are to be constructed prior to completion of the final cap.
1.4 Topsoil Cover
The topsoil cover will be a total of 6-inches thick. The soil cover will provide support for a
vegetative cover and protect the low -permeability barrier.
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1.4a - Materials Required
A grass cover is proposed for the Landfill to provide the required cover while minimizing cap
maintenance. The surface will be prepared by fertilizing and placing seed in accordance with the
North Carolina Erosion and Sediment Control Standards. The materials used for the topsoil cover
shall meet the following criteria:
i. Topsoil
Natural, friable, loamy soil, typical of local topsoil which produces heavy vegetative
growth; free from subsoil, weeds, sods, stiff clay, stones larger than 1 inch, toxic
substances, litter, or other foreign material harmful to plant growth; having a pH
between 6.0 and 7.0.
GRADING ANALYSIS
ii. Fertilizer:
The quality of fertilizer and all operations in connection with the furnishing of this
material shall comply with the requirements of the North Carolina Fertilizer Law and
regulations adopted by the North Carolina Board of Agriculture.
Fertilizer shall be 8-8-8 grade. Upon written approval of the Engineer a different
grade of fertilizer may be used, provided the rate of application is adjusted to provide
the same amounts of plant food.
During handling and storing, the fertilizer shall be cared for in such a manner that it
will be protected against hardening, caking, or loss of plant food values. Any
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hardened or caked fertilizer shall be pulverized to its original conditions before being
used.
iii. Lime:
The quality of lime and all operations in connection with the furnishing of this
material shall comply with the requirements of the North Carolina Lime Law and
regulations adopted by the North Carolina Board of Agriculture.
During the handling and storing, the lime shall be cared for in such a manner that it
will be protected against hardening and caking. Any hardened or caked lime shall be
pulverized to its original condition before being used.
Lime shall be agriculture grade ground dolumitic limestone. It shall contain not less
than 85% of the calcium and magnesium carbonates and shall be of such fineness that
at least 90% will pass a No. 10 sieve and at least 50% will pass a No. 100 sieve.
iv. Seed:
The quality of seed and all operations in connection with the furnishing of this
material shall comply with the requirements of the North Carolina Seed Law and
regulations adopted by the North Carolina Board of Agriculture.
Seed shall have been approved by the North Carolina Department of Agriculture or
any agency approved by the Engineer before being sown, and no seed will be
accepted with a date of test more than nine (9) months prior to the date of sowing.
Such testing however, will not relieve the Contractor from responsibility for
furnishing and sowing seed that meets these specifications at the time of sowing.
When a low percentage of germination causes the quality of the seed to fall below the
minimum pure live seed specified, the Contractor may elect, subject to the approval
of the Engineer, to increase the rate of seeding sufficiently to obtain the minimum
pure live seed contents specified, provided that such an increase in seeding does not
cause the quantity of noxious weed seed per square yard to exceed the quantity that
would be allowable at the regular rate of seed.
During handling and storing, the seed shall be cared for in such a manner that it will
be protected from damage by heat, moisture, rodents, or other causes.
Seed shall be entirely free from bulblets or seed of Johnson Grass, Nutgrass, Sandbur,
Wild Onion, Wild Garlic, and Bermuda Grass. The specifications for restricted
noxious weed seed refers to the number per pound, singly or collectively, of Blessed
Thistle, Wild Radish, Canada Thistle, Corncockle, Field Bindwee, Quackgrass,
Dodders, Dock, Horsenettle, Bracted Plantain, Buckhorn or Wild Mustard; but in no
case shall the number of Blessed Thistle or Wild Radish exceed 27 seeds of each per
pound. No tolerance on weed seed will be allowed.
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V. Mulch:
Straw mulch shall be threshed straw of oats, rye or wheat free from matured seed of
obnoxious weeds or other species which would grow and be detrimental to the
specified grass.
1.4b - Construction Requirements
Topsoil shall be placed according to the following requirements:
Use equipment and methods to prevent damage to existing structures, utilities, lawns
and plantings.
ii. Prior to placing topsoil, shape the subgrade to graded lines, and cross sections to
provide for 6 inches of compacted topsoil.
iii. After approval, place and spread topsoil to secure required depth after compaction;
rake and remove materials larger than 2 inches. Compact with approved roller
equipment. Finish smoothing even, and true to lines and grades indicated
Seed, fertilizer and lime shall be applied according to the following:
Seed shall be applied by means of a hydro -seeder or other approved methods. The rates of
application of seed, fertilizer and limestone shall be as stated below.
All rates are in pounds per acre:
Fertilizer - 1200 lbs. per acre
Lime - 4,000 lbs. per acre
Fescue - 150 lbs. per acre
Rye - 50 lbs. per acre
Equipment to be used for the application, covering or compaction of limestone, fertilizer, and
seed shall have been approved by the Engineer before being used on the project. Approval
may be revoked at any time if equipment is not maintained in satisfactory working condition,
or if the equipment operation damages the seed. Limestone, fertilizer, and seed shall be
applied within 24 hours after completion of seedbed preparation unless otherwise permitted
by the Engineer, but no limestone or fertilizer shall be distributed and no seed shall be sown
when the Engineer determines that weather and soil conditions are unfavorable for such
operations.
Limestone may be applied as a part of the seedbed preparation, provided it is immediately
worked into the soil. If not so applied, limestone and fertilizer shall be distributed uniformly
over the prepared seedbed at the specific rate of application and then harrowed, raked, or
otherwise thoroughly worked or mixed into the seedbed.
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Seed shall be distributed uniformly over the seedbed at the required rate of application, and
immediately harrowed, dragged, raked, or otherwise worked so as to cover the seed with a
layer of soil. The depth of covering shall be as directed by the Engineer. If two kinds of seed
are to be used which require different depths of covering, they shall be sown separately.
When a combination seed and fertilizer drill is used, fertilizer may be drilled in with the seed
after limestone has been applied and worked into the soil. If two kinds of seed are being used
which require different depths of covering, the seed requiring the lighter covering may be
sown broadcast or with a special attachment to the drill, or drilled lightly following the initial
drilling operation.
When a hydraulic seeder is used for application of seed and fertilizer, the seed shall not
remain in water containing fertilizer for more than 30 minutes prior to application unless
otherwise permitted by the Engineer.
Immediately after seed has been properly covered the seedbed shall be compacted in the
manner and degree approved by the Engineer.
When adverse seeding conditions are encountered due to steepness of slope, height of slope,
or soil conditions, the Engineer may direct or permit that modifications be made in the above
requirements which pertain to incorporating limestone into the seedbed; covering limestone,
seed, and fertilizer; and compaction of the seedbed.
Such modifications may include but not be limited to the following:
1. The incorporation of limestone into the seedbed may be omitted on (a) cut
slopes steeper than 2:1; (b) on 2:1 cut slopes when a seedbed has been
prepared during the excavation of the cut and is still in an acceptable
condition; or (c) on areas of slopes where the surface of the area is too rocky
to permit the incorporation of the limestone.
2. The rates of application of limestone, fertilizer, and seed on slopes 2:1 or
steeper or on rocky surfaces may be reduced or eliminated.
3. Compaction after seeding may be reduced or eliminated on slopes 2:1 or
steeper, on rocky surfaces, or on other areas where soil conditions would
make compaction undesirable.
Mulch shall be applied according to the following:
It shall be spread uniformly at a rate of two tons per acre in a continuous blanket over the
areas specified.
Before mulch is applied on cut or fill slopes which are 3:1 or flatter, and ditch slopes, the
Contractor shall remove and dispose of all exposed stones in excess of 3 inches in diameter
and all roots or other debris which will prevent proper contact of the mulch with the soil.
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Mulch shall be applied within 24 hours after the completion of the seeding unless otherwise
permitted by the Engineer. Care shall be exercised to prevent displacement of soil or seed or
other damage to the seeded area during the mulching operations.
Mulch shall be uniformly spread by hand or by approved mechanical spreaders or blowers
which will provide an acceptable application. An acceptable application will be that which
will allow some sunlight to penetrate and air to circulate but also partially shade the ground,
reduce erosion, and conserve soil moisture.
Mulch shall be held in place by applying a sufficient amount of asphalt or other approved
binding material to assure that the mulch is properly held in place. The rate and method of
application of binding material shall meet the approval of the Engineer. Where the binding
material is not applied directly with the mulch it shall be applied immediately following the
mulch operation.
The Contractor shall take sufficient precautions to prevent mulch from entering drainage
structures through displacement by wind, water, or other causes and shall promptly remove
any blockage to drainage facilities which may occur.
1.4c - Construction Quality Assurance Requirements
The project engineer shall ensure that the materials described above are utilized for the
final cover and that their placement was done in accordance with the above detailed
Construction Requirements. The engineer shall include in the quality assurance report a
discussion of the quality control testing to ensure that the final cover is constructed
according to the approved plans. The results of all testing shall be included in the CQA
report including documentation of any failed test results, descriptions of the procedures
used to correct the improperly installed material, and statements of all re -testing performed
in accordance with the Division approved plans.
2.0 CLOSURE SCHEDULE
2.1 Notification of Division of Solid Waste
Prior to beginning closure of the Jackson County Construction / Demolition Landfill, the owner
will notify the Division of Solid Waste of the intent to close the unit.
Probable Date of Closure: February 2003
2.2 Begin Closure
Jackson County will begin closure activities of the Jackson County Construction / Demolition
Landfill unit no later than 30 days after the date on which the Construction / Demolition unit
receives the known final receipt of wastes.
Probable Date: February 2003
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2.3 Completion of Closure
Jackson County will complete closure activities of the Jackson County Construction / Demolition
Landfill in accordance with the closure plan within 180 days following the beginning of closure as
specified in paragraph (f). Extensions of the closure period may be granted by the Director of an
approved State if the owner or operator demonstrates that closure will, of necessity, take longer
than 180 days and he has taken and will continue to take all steps to prevent threats to human
health and the environment from the unclosed Construction / Demolition unit.
Probable Date: July 2003
2.4 Recording of Closure
Following closure of the Jackson County Construction / Demolition Landfill, Jackson County will
record a notation on the deed to the Jackson County Construction / Demolition landfill facility
property, or some other instrument that is normally examined during a title search, and notify the
Division of Solid Waste that the notation has been recorded.
The notation on the deed must in perpetuity notify any potential purchaser of the property that:
1. The land has been previously used as a landfill facility; and
2. Its use is restricted under the Division of Solid Waste approved Closure Plan
Probable Date: August 2003
2.5 Engineer's Certification
Following closure, the owner or operator of the landfill shall notify the Division of Solid Waste
that a certification, signed by the project engineer verifying that closure has been completed in
accordance with the closure plan, has been placed in the operating record.
3.0 POST CLOSURE PLAN
3.1 Inspections
Inspections of the final cover will be performed according to the table below and the condition of
the facility will be recorded with notes, maps, and photographs.
The inspection will take notice of-
1 . Eroded banks
2. Patches of dead vegetation
3. Animal burrows
4. Settlement
5. Cracks along the cover.
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The inspector will note the condition of.
1. Concrete catch basins and stormwater control facilities
2. Gas monitoring wells
3. Water monitoring wells
Areas showing subsidence, cracking, signs of erosion, or damage are to be repaired.
Schedule of Inspections
Years
(following closure)
Yearly Inspections
0-2
4
2-30
2
3.2 Maintenance
The vegetative cover will be trimmed at least two times a year. In the early stages of development,
fertilization will be applied annually as needed.
Vegetative growth around methane gas vents will be cleaned away and all wells will be clearly
marked to prevent accidental damage.
3.3 Monitoring
Explosive gas monitoring will take place on a quarterly basis according to the procedural outline
contained in the Operation Plan.
Surface and ground water testing will take place semiannually or as directed by the Division of
Solid Waste.
3.4 Planned use and personal contact
Preliminary proposals for the planned use of the facility, following Closure are inconclusive. No
definite plan has been determined as of yet. Most likely, the area will be restricted to landfill
maintenance personnel only, thus insuring little or no damage to the final cap system. The person
to contact regarding the facility during the Post -Closure period is:
Jackson County Solid Waste Management Department
Mr. Dave Fowler, Executive Director of Services
Sylva, North Carolina
Telephone [phone]
3.5 Water Quality Monitoring Plan
A Sampling and Analysis was prepared for the Jackson County MS W Landfill by Law
Engineering, Inc and will be used for the Jackson County Construction / Demolition Landfill.
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This plan includes discussion of the sampling analysis procedures of the ground water monitoring
plan.
3.6 Engineer's Certification
Following completion of the post -closure care period, the owner or operator of the landfill shall
notify the Division of Solid Waste that a certification, signed by the project engineer verifying
that post -closure care has been completed in accordance with the post -closure plan, has been
placed in the operating record.
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4.0 CLOSURE AND POST CLOSURE COST ANALYSIS AND SUMMARY
4.1 Closure Costs
Unit Cost
Item 1 - Mobilization
Item 2 - Erosion and Sedimentation Control
1,000 L.F.. Sediment Barriers
10 Acres Grassing
20 S.Y. Rip Rap
650 L.F. 18-inch Downdrain
Item 3 - Earthwork
175,000 S.F. 18-inch Clay Cap $0.45 /S.F.
200 Tons 1.5% Bentonite Ad -Mix $150.00 /Ton
175,000 S.F. 18-inch Vegetative Cover $0.15 /S.F.
Item 4 - Gas Controls
12 Each Gas Vents $900.00 Each
Item 8 - Testing / Documentation Lump Sum
Construction Cost
Item 9 - Engineering / Inspection ( @5% of Const. Cost)
Item 10 - Legal / Administration (@1% of Const. Cost)
Item 11 - Contingencies (@5% of Const. Cost)
Lump Sum
$4.00 /L.F.
$1,250.00 /Acres
$25.00 /S.Y.
$13.00 /L.F.
MSW Landfill Total Closure Cost
Page 11
Total Cost
$10,000.00
$4,000.00
$12,500.00
$500.00
$8,450.00
$78,750.00
$30,000.00
$26,250.00
$10,800.00
$40,000.00
$221,250.00
$11,000.00
$2,200.00
$11,000.00
$245.450.00
Lump Sum
$4.00 /L.F.
$1,250.00 /Acres
$25.00 /S.Y.
$13.00 /L.F.
MSW Landfill Total Closure Cost
Page 11
Total Cost
$10,000.00
$4,000.00
$12,500.00
$500.00
$8,450.00
$78,750.00
$30,000.00
$26,250.00
$10,800.00
$40,000.00
$221,250.00
$11,000.00
$2,200.00
$11,000.00
$245.450.00

4.2 Post -Closure Care Cost
Item 1 - Environmental Monitoring
Semi -Annual Ground Water Monitoring - 5 Wells @ $500/well/event $2,500
Semi Annual Surface Water Monitoring - 2 points @ $500/each/event $1,000
Quarterly Methane Gas Monitoring - 8 wells @ $50/well/event $400
Item 2 - Routine Repairs
1 acre repair, 1 foot depth, re -seeding, silt fence $10,000
Item 3 - Sediment Pond Cleanout $5,000
Item 4 - Grass Maintenance
Cutting - 20 acres x $50/hr x 1 ac/hr x 2 cuts/yr $2,000
Re -seeding - 5 ac/yr @ $1000/ac $5,000
Subtotal $25,900
Contingencies - 10% $2,500
Total Yearly Cost $28,400
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5.0 FINANCIAL ASSURANCE
The Financial Assurance provision of Subtitle D provides that owner and operators of landfills must
provide for certain minimum measures to insure that the funds to meet the requirements of the regulations
governing closure, post -closure and corrective action activities are available in the event that these actions
are not taken by the owner or operator. The regulations addressing financial assurance are embodied in
North Carolina Rule .1628.
5.1 NORTH CAROLINA RULE .1628
In general, Rule .1628 provides that the owner and/or operator must:
1. Provide accurate cost estimates for the closure and post -closure care.
2. Select a mechanism for demonstrating financial assurance.
3. Maintain the selected mechanism in compliance with the provisions of Rule .1628
throughout the period for which the owner/operator is subject to the provisions of Subtitle
D and Rule .1628.
The Rule provides for the following alternative mechanisms for demonstrating financial assurance:
1. Trust Fund.
2. Surety bond Guaranteeing Payment or Performance.
3. Letter of Credit.
4. Insurance.
5. Capital Reserve Fund.
6. Local Government Financial Test.
7. Multiple Mechanisms.
Jackson County has reviewed the requirements associated with each of these mechanisms and assessed the
costs related to their use as the County`s financial assurance mechanism. Although the relative cost of
these mechanisms does not appear to vary significantly, there are various factors associated with their
availability and practicality which make certain of the mechanisms less attractive than others.
5.2 LOCAL GOVERNMENT FINANCIAL TEST
Therefore, Jackson County has elected to adopt the LOCAL GOVERNMENT FINANCIAL
TEST. The Local Government Financial Test is attractive because the County's excellent financial
conditions makes passing the test quite feasible.
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CLOSURE AND POST CLOSURE PLAN
Jackson County MSW Landfill
The attached Closure and Post -Closure Plan was taken from the Transition Plan for the
Jackson County MSW Landfill. The plan was prepared by McGill Associates, P.A. using
Rule .1630 as a guide.

8.0 CLOSURE PLAN
Although capacity computations indicate that Jackson County has sufficient space to
operate until September, 1998, the new .1600 regulations will require it to close no later
than January of 1998. Because of operational restraints due to the size of the landfill, and
mobilization costs associated with the final cap installation, it is our opinion that the final
cap system should be applied in a single operation. By installing the entire cap during
a single operation, it will simplify the installation process, insure consistency of materials,
decrease mobilization and material costs, and increase quality assurance of the final
product. Also, it will reduce the possibility of damage to the cap and consequentially
keep future maintenance costs to a minimum.
8.1 CAP DESCRIPTION AND CONSTRUCTION
A cross-section of the final cap is contained in figure 12.
8.1.1 Cap Foundation Cover
The cap foundation cover is designed to minimize infiltration into the Landfill prior to
placement of the barrier cap to provide a sound working platform over the municipal solid
waste. A soil barrier will consist of the 6-inch compacted daily cover. THe compacted
cap foundation cover will extend over the entire waste area and onto the existing
perimeter embankment.
8.1.2 Low Permeable Barrier Cap
The function of the low permeable barrier cap is to prevent water that infiltrates through
the overlying root zone from entering the underlying waste cell. The low permeable
barrier cap consists of an 18 inch thick compacted low permeable soil. The low
permeable barrier cap will require a permeability coefficient of at least 1x10-5 cm/sec.
The soils may be native low -permeable soils or a soil-bentonite mixture. The design of
the Landfill cap should provide for a minimum number of penetrations through the low
permeable barrier cap. The only required penetrations are for the methane gas collection
system.
8.1.3 Methane Gas Removal System
A passive methane gas removal system has been included with the final cap
configuration. The passive gas collection system will be designed to remove methane
gas that collects beneath the final cap. The gas collection system will consist of screened
extraction wells and a series of perforated pipes set within gravel lined channels.
The methane extraction wells are to be constructed prior to final capping. Approximately
25 gas extraction wells are planned over the 13.7 acre Landfill area. The typical well
cross section penetrates the waste mass with a collection system allowing a vertical
migration of methane gasses.

8.1.4 Final Cover
The final cover will be a total of 6-inches of topsoil. The soil cover will provide support
for vegetative cover and protect the low -permeable barrier.
A grass cover is proposed for the Landfill to provide the required cover while minimizing
cap maintenance. The surface will be prepared by fertilizing and placing seed in
accordance with the North Carolina Erosion and Sediment Control Standards. The design
objectives in evaluating the vegetative cover include:
1. A drought resistant vegetative cap with a two -foot storage limitation
2. A low maintenance cover
3. Cover selection to minimize volunteer vegetation
4. Erodability of cover soils and drainage ditches
5. Tolerance of final side slopes
8.2 AREA AND WASTE ESTIMATES
For reasons discussed in Section 8.1, Jackson County will install their final cap system
in a single operation. The phasing of the landfills remaining volume has been submitted
-as part of the landfills vertical extension design submitted by CSL Group entitled Jackson
County Landfill - Vertical Extension - Phases I and II and approved by the State's Solid
and Hazardous Waste Management Branch on February 17, 1992 as an Amendment to
Permit #50-02 - Jackson County.
8.3 SLOPE STABILITY ANALYSIS
Reference Section 4.1 - Cap Slope Stability of Portion of Transition Plan - Existing Jackson
County MSWLF by Law Engineering. Computations relating to stability of the final cap
are contained in Appendix E of this report.
8.4 CLOSURE SCHEDULE
8.4.1 Notification of Division
Prior to beginning closure of each MSWLF unit as specified in 258.60(f), an owner or
operator must notify the State Director that a notice of the intent to close the unit has
been placed in the operating record.
Probable Date: January, 1998
8.4.2 Begin Closure
The owner or operator must begin closure activities of each MSWLF unit no later than 30

days after the date on which the MSWLF unit receives the known final receipt of wastes
or , if the MSWLF unit has remaining capacity and there is a reasonable likelihood that
the MSWLF unit will receive additional wastes, no later than one year after the most recent
receipt of wastes. Extensions beyond the one-year deadline for beginning closure may
be granted by the Director of an approved State if the owner or operator demonstrates
that the MSWLF unit has the capacity to receive additional wastes and the owner or
operator has taken and will continue to take all steps necessary to prevent threats to
human health and the environment from the unclosed MSWLF unit.
Probable Date: February, 1998
8.4.3 Completion of Closure
The owner or operator of all MSWLF units must complete closure activities of each
MSWLF unit in accordance with the closure plan within 180 days following the beginning
of closure as specified in paragraph (f). Extensions of the closure period may be granted
by the Director of an approved State if teh owner or operator demonstrates that closure
will, of necessity, take longer than 180 days and he has taken and will continue to take
all steps to prevent threats to human health and the environment from the unclosed
MSWLF unit.
Probable Date: August, 1998
8.4.4 Recording of Closure
Following closure of all MSWLF units, the owner or operator must record a notation on
the deed to the landfill facility property, or some other instrument that is normally
examined during title search, and notify the State Director that the notation has been
recorded and a copy has been placed in the operating record.
The notation on the deed must in perpetuity notify any potential purchaser of the property
that:
1. The land has been used as a landfill facility; and
2. Its use is restricted under 258.61(c)(3)
The owner or operator may request permission from the Director of an approved State
to remove the notation from the deed if all wastes are removed from the facility.
Probable Date: September, 1998

9.0 POST CLOSURE PLAN
9.1 Inspections
Regular inspections of the final cover will be performed at regular intervals and the
condition of the facility will be recorded with notes, maps, and photographs.
The inspector will take notice of:
1.
Eroded banks
2.
Patches of dead vegetation
3.
Animal burrown
4.
Subsidence
5.
Cracks along the cover.
The inspector will note the condition of:
1. Sedimentation basins
2. Storm Water Collection Systems
3. Gas monitoring probes
4. Water monitoring wells
Areas showing subsidence, cracking, signs of erosion, or damage should be repaired.
9.2 Maintenance
The vegetative cover will be trimmed at least two times a year. In the early stages of
development, fertilization should be applied annually.
The Gas Removal System will be flushed and pressure -cleaned annually.
Vegetative growth around wells will be cleared away and wells will be clearly marked to
prevent accidental damage.
Sedimentation basins and storm water collection systems will be examined for damage
after major storm events, and cleaned of vegetation and debree when necessary.
9.3 Monitoring
Explosive gas monitoring will take place on a quarterly basis according to the procedural
outline contained in the Operation Plan.
Surface and ground water testing will take place twice a year.

9.4 Planned Use and Personal Contact
Preliminary proposals for the planned use of the facility, following Closure are
inconclusive. No definite plan has been determined as of yet. Most likely, the area will
be restricted to landfill maintenance personnel only, thus insuring little or no damage to
the final cap system. The person to contact regarding the facility during the Post -Closure
period is:
Director of Planning
Jackson County
(Mr. Tom Massie)
8 Ridgeway Street
Sylva, North Carolina 28779
Telephone (704) (586-4055)

10.0 CLOSURE AND POST -CLOSURE COST ANALYSIS SUMMARY
10.1 CLOSURE COSTS
10.1.1 Final Cap Systems
1. Soil (clay, borrow soil, topsoil, etc.)
13.7 Ac. of 18" low permeable bentonite/soil layer:
33,154 CY @ $6/CY (mixed, placed, compacted) = $198,900
13.7 Ac. of 6" topsoil layer:
11,050 CY @ $4/CY (placed) = $44,200
Bentonite:
10 Tons/100 CY x 33,154 CY = 3,315 Tons
3,315 Tons @ $150/Ton = $ 497,300
2. Testing/Documentation
One (1) Permeability test per 1000 CY
33 tests @ $ 350 Each = $ 11,600
Total Cost of Final Cap System = $ 752,000
10.1.2 Sedimentation and Erosion Control Devices
(4) Drop Inlets @ $ 1000 Each = $ 4000
200 LF 24" RCP @ $ 50/1-F = $ 10,000
200 LF 30" RCP @ $ 60/1-F = $ 12,000
300 CY Riprap @ $ 30/CY = $ 9,000
500 LF Silt Fence @ $ 1 /LF = $ 500
Total Cost = $ 35,500
10.1.3 Gas Controls
(25) Gas Vents (installed):
(25) Gas Vents @ $200 Each = $5,000
2,500 LF 2" Perforated PVC @ $4/LF = $10,000
300 CY #67 Stone @ $ 24/CY = $7,200
Total Cost = $ 22,500

10.1.4 Final Landscaping
Seeding/Fertilizing/Mulching:
$ 1,000/Ac x 13.7 Ac = $13, 700
Total Construction Cost = $ 823,700
10.1.5 Engineering/Inspection
5.0% x (Construction Cost):
.050 x $ 823,700 = $ 41,200
10.1.6 Legal/Administrative
1.0% x (Construction Cost):
.010 x $ 823,700 = $ 8,200
10.1.7 Contingencies
10.0% x (Construction Cost):
.10 x $ 823,700 = $ 82,400
TOTAL CLOSURE COST = $ 955,500

10.2 POST -CLOSURE CARE COSTS
10.2.1 Inspections/Record Keeping
$ 500/Yr.
10.2.2 Monitoring
1. Explosive Gases:
Quarterly/Yr. @ $100 Ea. _ $400/Yr.
2. Surface Water:
(2) Tests/Yr x 2 Locations x $700 Ea. _ $2,800/Yr
3. Ground Water:
(2) Tests/Yr x 5 Locations x $700 Ea. _ $7,000/Yr
4. Leachate ..... N/A
5. Air Quality ..... N/A
Total Monitoring Cost = $ 10,200
10.2.3 Leachate Collection and Treatment .... N/A
10.2.4 Maintenance (preventative/corrective)
1. Leachate Collection Removal and Treatment
Systems ( Annual Cleaning ) ..... N/A
2. Operate Gas Removal Systems
$ 300/Yr
3. Wells
$ 300/Yr
4. Final Cover (mowing, replace plantings, fill for
erosion, etc.)
$ 1800/ T r
Subtotal: Annual Post -Closure Care Costs = $ 13,100

10.2.5 Fees ...... N/A
10.2.6 Administration
5 % of total annual cost:
.01 x $13,100 = $ 700 per year
10.2.7 Contingencies
10 % of total annual cost:
.10 x $13,100 = $ 1,300 per year
TOTAL ANNUAL POST -CLOSURE CARE COST = $ 15,100

11.0 FINANCIAL ASSURANCE
Tha Financial Qcci tranra nrrniicinn of Cilbtitia r) nrnvirie that n%nrnpr(z an Prat rn c of
Municipal Solid Waste Landfills (MSWLF) must provide for certain minimum measures to
insure that the funds to meet the requirements of the regulations governing closure,
post -closure and corrective action activities are available in the event that these actions
are not taken by the owner or operator. The regulations addressing financial assurance
are embodied in North Carolina Rule .1628.
11.1 North Carolina Rule .1628
In general, Rule .1628 provides that the owner and/or operator must:
1. Provide accurate cost estimates for the closure and post -closure care.
2. Select a mechanism for demonstrating financial assurance.
3. Maintain the selected mechanism in compliance with the provisions of Rule
.1628 throughout the period for which the owner/operator is subject to the
provisions of Subtitle D and Rule .1628.
The Rule provides for the following alternative mechanisms for demonstrating financial
assurance:
1. Trust Fund.
2. Surety Bond Guaranteeing Payment or Performance.
3. Letter of Credit.
4. Insurance.
5. Capital Reserve Fund.
6. Local Government Financial Test.
7. Multiple Mechanisms.
Jackson County has reviewed that requirements associated with each of these
mechanisms and assessed the costs related to their use as the County's financial
assurance mechanism. Although the relative cost of these mechanisms does not appear
to vary significantly, there are various factors associated with their availability and
practicality which make certain of the mechanisms less attractive than others.
11.2 Multiple Mechanism Approach
Therefore, Jackson County has elected to adopt the Multiple Mechanism approach for
financial assurance. The County's principal mechanism will be the LOCAL
GOVERNMENT FINANCIAL TEST. The secondary mechanism will be the CAPITAL
RESERVE FUND.
The Local Government Financial Test is attractive because the County's excellent financial
conditions makes passing the test quite feasible. However, the use of the Capital Reserve
Fund insures that the appropriate funds are set aside during the pay -in period to avoid

the necessity to appropriate the required closure cost in a single fiscal year or to finance
those costs in future years.
The second major reason for the complimentary reserve fund is to hedge the County's
position in the event that the County were to fail the Financial Assurance Test in a given
year. In that event, the reserve fund can be used to satisfy the financial assurance
requirements beyond that level of compliance which can be achieved with the test. In
other words, if the county needed a certain amount of assets to meet the test ratios, the
value of the reserve fund could be utilized to meet the deficiency.
11.3 Requirements for April 9 Deadline
Rule .1628 requires that the County's chosen mechanism(s) must be in effect by the April
9 deadline for submission of the Transition Plan. Therefore, certain actions must be taken
by Jackson County to address this requirement. The County has taken the following
steps:
1. The Local Government Financial Assurance Test has been completed and
certified by the Chief Financial Officer. It is included in the Transition Plan.
2. Annual disclosure to the public shall be presumed to be achieved with the
publication of the County's annual audit.
3. The Financial Test is accompanied by a letter from the County's Chief Financial
Officer. The letter has also be placed in the County's official operating record.
The Finance Officer's letter is based upon the model letter provided by the
State to guide in its preparation. The letter addresses the following elements:
a. Lasts all the current cost estimates covered by the financial test.
b. Provides evidence and certifies that the County meets all of the
conditions of the test.
Reference Appendix D for Letter from the Counts Financial Officer and
Indicators of Financial Strength