4406_ROSCANS_1984

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4
PERMIT N0.
DATE ISSUED 3/28/84 ,
STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
DF.PARTTIENT OF HUMAN RLSOURCES
piv.0 ion o3 Heo-tth SeAvicc,
P.O. Box 2091 Raleigh 27602
SOLID WASTE PERMIT
CHAMPION PAPERS
is hereby issued a permit to ;
S'.NITARY W'DFILL No. 6 Areas A-G
operate a
located ON S.A. 1550 6 I-40 IN nAYWOOD COUNTY - --'
in accordance with Article 138 of the General Statutes of North Carolina and all
rules promulgated thereunder and subject to the conditions set forth in this
permit. The facility is located on the below described property.
BEGTNNINC on a concrete right of way montcnnt at the point of intersection of
the southern right of way line of inter etatesaid hc concrete rightth hofSwayhmonum monument
right of wav line of the New Thickety Rsee.
being located south
t 75 deg. 34 tin. 14 Yecoordinatewest 8of 677542.47oandoanh>;Carolina
Geodetic Survey point being further the Northwestern
coordinate of 845096.22, said beginning
corner ofrth "First TraytM.dDavisbanded iwifen a aeGladyeed to CS. Davis, datedJanuary8,
corpon from
1981, and
ood Countv; runs thence from the be point thus established
1981, and recorded in Deed Book 321 at rage 158, in the Office of the Reg a er
of Deeds for tlayw 40, 14 calla pa
and with the Southern ri12,m°n.wEa4ti561.621feet to a concrete right of way
follows: Norte %9 deg. �6 min. East 36.88 feet to a concrete right of wsy
^onument; North 25 deg.
monument; North 79 der,. 34 min. East 1207.83 feet to a concrete right o way
monument; Squtli1:8 deg. 31 min. Last 56.18 feet to gal concret might of way
sY
268.26 feet tomonument; Tlorth.M deg! 30 min.. East40 min. Pest 204.43 feet to a concrete riBh Of way
monument; North 78 deC:.
monument; North 76 'deb, 18 min. Last 309.93 f�q�u� a o `ret9%,ri
.t; 0. W. Strickland, H d
/ } Solid 6 Hazardous Waste Management
Branch
Envlronmental Health Section
843
DIIS Form Zd7r (Rev. 1/8 )... Pment Brant

i
lyi r: �t�1 '� I 1 11 , �117 � � � ' +, ��I� •r4 SN�`+H 7rr'yt .IS.��.Cf� 'l l�f } d f,r 5'{! t % ��f y.w{,' y i�l}�S �IN��1r3 ( li,'{i� 1`1i12ih .IfFJ" i.l .. 4`f �!f,n{,( fe� I��Y !� irr�r.. i d•1.�4.;i,JJ111.,?a .f:;r{.,t}.�,I u�iiirU.rti. (��.flwy
PERMIT N0. 45^06
DATE ISSUED 3/28T4
SOLD WASTE PERMIT
Property rescription, (Continued):
monument; North 35 deg. 22 min. East 94.I'1 feet to a concrete right of way monument;
North 72 deg. 12 min. East 384.99 feet to a concrete right of way monument;
North 69 deg. 25 min. East 255.85 feet to a concrete right of way monument;
concrete right of way monument;
North 67 deg. 52 min. East 2149.62 feet to a
North 67 deg. 41 min. East 154.48 feet to a concrete right of way monument;
South 39 deg. 50 min. East 31.94 feet to a concrete right of way monument; and
on a curve to the right with a radius of 5579,58 feet, an arc distance of 461.78
feet to a concrete right of way monument delineating the intersection of the
Southern right of way line of Interstate Highway 40 and the Southern right of
way line of the New Thickety Road; thence with the Southern right of way line of
the New Thickety Road, six calls as follows: South 45 �.eg. O1 min. East 44.41
feet to an iron pipe; on a curve to the left with a radius of 285.69 feet, an are
distance of 393.72 feet to a Point;Nnrth 55 deg. 55 min. East 102.55 feet to a point;
North 8 deg. 0 min. West 22.27 feet to a point; North 55 deg. 55 mi.n. Emit 190.14
feet to a point; and on a curve to the right with n radius of 642.29 feet, an arc
distance of 95.58 feet to a point on said right of way line; thence leaving the
Southern right of way line of the New Thtckety Road and running with a hedgerow, the
line of the. property claimed by Carroll Smith, South 34 deg. 57 min. East 255.48.
feet to a point_, thence South 24 deg. 03 min. East, with a fence line and the line
of the Claude Smith property, 459.74 feet to in iron pipe at a fence corner; runs
thence South 3 deg. 42 min. West, generally with a fence and with the line of
Thurman R. Robinson, and passing an iron pipe at 1587.42 feet, 1610.42 feet to
the Northern margin of the Pigeon River; thence down the Pigeon River, ten calls
as follows: South 82 deg. 06 min. West 338.03 feet to n point on the North Bank
of the river, at the mouth of Sorrells Cove Branch; Sout�. 76 deg. 33 min.. Went :.75.53
feet to an eight !nch walnut on the North bank of the river; South 71 deg. 56 min.
West 1057.69 feet to an eight inch leaniouth 59odeon them North
banst of
tfeetitors
where the channel of said river forks;
point on the South margin of an island in the river; South 74 deg. 54 min. West 221.50
feet top print on 'he Scl+thern margin of said island in the river; South 63 deg. 29
min. West 172.99 feet to a point ou the Southern margin of said island in the river;
South 60 deg. 19 min. Went 46.32 feet to a point on the South bank of said island in
the river; South 08 deg. 33 min. West 40feet tu.l point in the center of the main
channel of thn river-, South 67 ,leg. 02 min. West 255.75 feet to a point in tha maim
channel of the river; and South 55 dcg. 46 min. West 170 feet to a point in
nEtheast 60
center of the main channel of the river; runs thence North 01 deg. 3
min.feet to a point on the Northerr. edge of the Pigeon River; thence with th^_ North bank
of the Pigeon River, twelve calla as follows: South 57 deg. 32 min. West 16C.50
feet to an eighteen inch sycamore; South 43 deg. 22 min. Went 354.67 feet to a
point; South 73 deg. 36 min. West 196.84feet to an eighteen '-ich s;'camorp; North
78 deg. 57 min. West 116.62 feet to A forked maple; South 85 de&. 3; nin.. West 50.33
DHS Form 2871 (Rev. 11/80) ranch `�44
Solid 6 hazardous WAstp 118nr ement li

PERMIT No. gs_oi{__
DATE ISSUED 3/28 84
SOLID WASTE PERMIT
Property Description (Continued):
feet to a six inch forked bean tree; South 69 deg. 24 min. Went 213.22 feet to a
twelve inch locust; South 78deg. 47min. Went 117.36 feet to a twelve inch sycamore;
North 88 deg. 45min. West 83.07 feet to an eight inch sycamore; North 83 deg. 14 min.
West 90.49 feet to a ten inch sycamore; North 81 deg. 52 min. Wesl 192.91 feet to a
twelve inch locust; South 89 deg. 16 min. Went 142.72 feet to a twenty inch walnut;
and South 87deg. 45 min. West 113.37 feet to a point on the btnk of said river, in
the Eastern boundary line of the property of George H. Cogburn, Jr.; runs thence with
the Eastern and Northeastern boundar- line of the Cogburn property; three calls as
follows: North 02deg. 24 min. East 1434.14 feet to an iron pipe in a fenc^ stump
in a fence corner; North 33 deg. 04 min. Went 752.69 feet to a point in a maple
stump; and, generally with a branch, South 41deg. 18 min. West 203.57 feet to an fro
pipe in the center of said branch at the Easternmost corner of a tract of land
conveyed by Jam^a L. Henderson and wife, to Casmer A. Belnink ant wife, by deed dated
Auguat 12, L974, and recorded in Deed Dook 270 at Page 423, Records of 11aywooA ^ounty;
rune thence with the Northern and Northwestern boundary line of the Belniek tract,
four calls as follows: North 6�0 deg. 29 :nin. West 317.85 feet to an iron pipe in the
center of a sixty foot private road right of way; North 60 deg. 03 min. West 57 feet
to an Iron pipe in the center of said private road right of way; South 19 deg. h7 min.
West 201.58 feet ton hub; and South 14 deg. '1 min. West 155.06 feet to a hub in a
fence line; thence leaving the Belnink line, and running North 66 deg. 04 min. West
288.55 feet to an iron pipe on the Southeastern right of way line of the New Thickety
Road, thence with said right of way, three -ally as f-)llows: on a curve to the left
with'a radius of 755.94 feet, an arc distance of 206.87 feet tm an iron pipe; on
^nother curve to the left with a radius of 455.63 feet, an arc distance of 258.76
feet to an iron pipe; and North 30 deg. East 83.72 feet to the place of BEGINNING,
according to a survey by Webb A. Morgan, R.L.S., containing 235.051 acres.
e
b1iS form 2871 (Rev. 11/80)
45
Solid 6 1lnzardoun Wnste Pinna snort Branch

1) 4 i r A + -It A' '•
tl �, t ! ++ ...) 11 'i I ,I •� 1 ,Y tl li{G�9'.i if hit
t+ l�.j { 1 I('<l''+il +1( �r 1.4y �)�j,l�ttf+��j.��,•'h�r�,j1t i�i
p�•r� 4t. .�,t��' 'trh�.+:c•�+..r', L��r:.;Jl);,tr.�.,nj?(yr},.r�'�.y�4l:�.rt��,�a�he;l`tt.'.,a:,,
I-
r
!
hCY;,C•i',7�.f,8,jiiLr .. r�tii .Inr,u,.rrir ,� c).1.�.:;ih:na':I
PERMIT NO._!lZ Q6__�._.
DATE ISSUED 3/28/84
S 0 L I D WASTE PERM I T
Conditions of Permit:
1. This pensit may be subject to review at an administrative hearing
upon petition of anyone whose legal righto, privileges and duties.
may have been affected by the issuance thereof.
2. This permit shall not be effective unless the certified copy i@
:.?.
filed in the register of deeds' office, in the grantor index under '
the came of the owner of the land in the county or count'.*@ in which
the land is located. After recordation, the certified copy shall be
returned to the Solid b Hazardous Waste Management Branch and shall
have indicated on it the page and book number, date of recordation
;
and registrar's seal.
3. The following requirements shall be met prior to receiving oolid
waste at the site:
a. Site preparation chill be in r_ecordence with construction
plan.
b. Site inspection shall be made by a representative of tl)e
rt
I
Division of Health Servicea.
.a
4. This solid waste disposal site is permitted to receive solid waste
as dtfined in 10 NCAC 10G, .0101(31), except that hazardous waste,
liquid waste and any other wastes that may pose r threat to the
i
environx,it or the public health are prohibited from disposal at
this site unless prior euthorizatior is obtained from the Division
of Health Sarv...cea.
i
5. This permit is .`.or construction according to plane nrepered by Law
Engineering Tenting Co. dated January, 1983. Any modification or
devintion from thn approved piano shall be npproved by the N.C.
Solid and Hazardous Waste Management Branch.
6. Ground water monitoring wells are installed per the Di,S monitoring
well standard.
Dits Form 2871 (Rev. 1/82)
Solid 6 Paz�rdeus Waste H
t Branch

�,�.i �l •. ya � � �t I._ V tl'14i� G1 I�aS \IrYll f,. -' , i`i �.I
r,:r;! � �Vi1 .',yJ lf;, ��'�''y IC l��V l\r � l I �i�•+
r�i, I
{ I y r I l I i I1 r� 9iM q11 u } I i I, E t y1,,7 J q t' 1 ,, I
� ? II �- (ler k� '1'N,�t'!}� �t.1 t�G�.�,il_X:�rAdi�tl:�',,.,�1.! .I. .. ?.•. �.� 4 �fAf
'!,i; .. •.r u.. .. I _ :� .�_ .. .'.f„ Yu ! i. •':! �i I, E.hl.� ,�� � 'r?, Air �� � .
t
FERMIT N0.
45-06�,'
DATE I88UED 3/28/84
SOLID WASTE PERMIT
Conditions of Permit:
7. The northwest corner of area E shall be limited to 30' south of .the '
existing stream unless the stream, jafter proper approval is
obtained, is relocated so that it is outside landfill conitruetion
activity.
8. The groundwater and surface Water sampling plan is adequate Vitt' thi•.
exception of the following items:
1. Sampling frequency should be no less than annually.
2. Parameters to be evaluated are:
A. EPA Interim Primary Drinking Water Standards*
Arsenic
Barium
Cadmium
rhrrmium
Fluoride
Lead
Mercury
Nitrite (as N)
Selenium
Silver
*Maximum allocable concentrations can be found in the
May 19, 1980 Federal Regiater, Appendix Ill, pigs
33157.
A. Groundwater ("iality Parameters*
Chloride
Iron
Manganese
Sulf",
Phev -)l a
*Allowable concentrations based on 3962 Drinking Water
DHS Form 2871 (Rev. 1/82)Standards and backgroune water quality data.
Solle 6 Hazardous Waste Management Brinch
847
.,....„,,. ,.-

{ I � � { - � � l 4� !-f/4�iA ��11� J irk � ) yr }I`y� �'1. ?,�rl r n 1 1 ` 1 t �• \v` ,
K(, rl'C �9s�t'•J r JJ S J, ^P4Vt,,djV ,�+1 tr� + fA.� i lii ,' 1 1 �y- 1 Ali !ti !� �thr`4f�;J + I II , ` , r. �, � 1 lA t r t")�S•at ira 1 Y, . �. Nj \A . 1 f Its'•1���,
A�4 S4 J' ; Ir. t 4 1 � d I��f �e�A �1 �. if ^ �'1n7�i , alI \. � �I 41 r� I sJ'I.''rl4h' `I�/r nr.'�i �slq . 11/ 1 I. er t { r, - , , 7Y ro 1 rl v�J'I ° {'I•
.5"•.�,,tP"eii ..._ 4.!t
' j,�ii MiUM Wl'I WAi ',�iPt!%L4j.!'rl><r,•..•.,.�. un .i...,--•r••y`"•7� rwNM7�+'�Y:••r'•...-r.
NONE
PERMIT No.
28 84
S 0 L I D WASTE PL RM I T
Conditions of Permit:
C. Groundwater Contamination Indicetorra *:
PH Cjl
Specific cnnductancs
Elevation of groundwater surface
Tonal organic carbon Y.
Total organic. halogen
Total dissolved solids
*Allowable concentrations determined�bixbackground
comparison, see Part 265.93(b) Appendix B.
VMS Form 2971 (Rev. 1182)
Solid B Hazardous Waste Mane
t
fled fCf ntht, Kof►17
flay C!
_._.. 4',-0 o1c;ock_......-89M and regl"
in orf,ce of the Reglster of Ds.tds for
Haywo
od County, Norrtthh, Celo'Ine.
In Flmk tin
14-4� C rt r
848

Weather Conditions N.C. DEPARTMENT OF HUMAN RESOURCES
DIVISION OF HEALTH SERVICES
INSPECTION FORM FOR SANITARY LANDFILLS
Permit Number
Name of Site County
Location Signature of Person(s) Receiving Report
SIR: An inspection of your land disposal site has been made this date and you are
notified of the violations, if any, marked below with a cross (X).
1. PLAN REQUIREMENTS 6. ACCESS
Site plan approved Attendant on duty
Construction plans approved Access controls
Plans being followed All weather road
2. SPREADING & COMPACTING Dust controlled
Waste restricted to the
smallest area practicable
Waste properly compacted
3. COVER REQUIREMENTS
Six inches daily cover
Two foot final cover
One foot intermediate cover
4. DRAINAGE CONTROLLED
On -site erosion
Off -site siltation
Erosion control devices
Seeding of completed areas
Temporary seeding
5. WATER PROTECTION
Off -site leaching
Waste placed in water
Surface water impounded
Monitoring wells installed
REMARKS:
7, BURNING
Evidence of burning
Fire control equipment available
8. SPECIAL WASTES
Spoiled food, animal carcasses,
abattoir waste, hatchery waste,
etc., covered immediately
9. UNAUTHORIZED WASTES ACCEPTED WITHOUT
WRITTEN PERMISSION
Type
10. VECTOR CONTROL
Effective control measures
11. MISCELLANEOUS
Blowing material controlled
Proper signs posted
'" � fr
DATE -�%� NAME
Solid & Hazardous` Waste Management Branch
DHS FORM 1709 (7/82)
Solid & Hazardous Waste Management Branch

Weather Conditions
Name of Site
N.C. DEPARTMENT OF HUMAN RESOURCES
DIVISION OF HEALTH SERVICES
INSPECTION FORM FOR SANITARY LANDFILLS
x� .1- _-4- 6 H
i
Permit Number
County
Location Signature of Person(s) Receiving Report
SIR: An inspection of your land disposal site has been made this date and you are
notified of the violations, if any, marked below with a cross (X).
1. PLAN REQUIREMENTS 6. ACCESS
Site plan approved _ Attendant or. duty
Construction plans approved Access controls
Plans being followed All weather road
Dust controlled
2. SPREADING & COMPACTING
Waste restricted to the
smallest area practicable
Waste properly compacted
3. COVER REQUIREMENTS
Six inches daily cover
Two foot final cover
One foot intermediate cover
4. DRAINAGE CONTROLLED
On -site erosion
Off -site siltation
Erosion control devices
Seeding of completed areas
Temporary seeding
5. WATER PROTECTION
Off -site leaching
Waste placed in water
Surface water impounded
Monitoring wells installed
REMARKS:
3URNING
Evidence of burning
Fire control equipment available
8. SPECIAL WASTES
Spoiled food, animal carcasses,
abattoir waste, hatchery waste,
etc., covered immediately
9. UNAUTHORIZED WASTES ACCEPTED WITHOUT
WRITTEN PERMISSION
Type
10. VECTOR CONTROL
Effective control measures
11. MISCELLANEOUS
Blowing material controlled
Proper signs posted
DATE NAME
Solid & Hazardous Waste Management Branch
DHS FORM 1709 (7/82)
Solid & Hazardous Waste Management Branch

ATTACHMENT

ATTACHMENT

THE DURABILITY OF HDPE LINER. IN PARTICULAR GUNDLINE HD
Polyethylene has become the material of choice for applications requiring durability. This Is because of
its appropriate blend of chemical resistance, ultraviolet light resistance, biological resistance, and stress crack
resistance. As such it has become the material of choice for undersea telephone cables, gas transmission
Pipelines, agriculture and household chemical sales, modern automotive gasoline tanks, low level radioactive
waste disposal drums, and hazardous waste containment.
bemical Resistance
High density polyethylene is naturally Inert to a wide range of different chemicals, including acids,
bases, heavy metals, hydrocarbons, inorganic salts, detergents, natural fats and oils, chlorinated
hydrocarbons, and others. Its chemical resistance Is proven by a large amount of testing In many different
industries. Therefore, its use in many different chemical containment applications is unmatched.
Itraviolet Llaht Resistan
Ultraviolet light exposure resistance is of major importance in determining the weatherability of lining
materials. In the case of polyethylene products, we have the background of many successful applications In an
a rtdoor environment which date back to the 1940's. The most common of these applications for polyethylene
hay been in outdoor wire coatings and Irrigation pipe. Thus, over the years, much has been learned about the
statilization of polyethylene.
To protect polyethylene against UV radiation, finely dispersed carbon black Is added to the raw
ma'erial. Test results from various sources have shown that a carbon black content greater than-1 % in sheet
le of HDPE with a wall tnICKness or greater tnan .1 mm IS aosautey sufficient to guarantee rnaxnnuniyv
res3tance.
In 1941, an early sample of polyethylene containing only 1% of carbon black was put on exposure
cars in Florida by AT&T Research Labs. Although there was a small initial decrease in mechanical strength,
thcforrnulation then showed almost no further loss and remains on test at the exposure site. Modern practice
no• specifies from 2.0 to 3.0°,6 of carbon black for optimum protection. Expert opinion on carbon black
st�)ilized oolvethvlene is that properly stabilized material should last over 100 years in even the most intense
be'sof solar radiation.
@w ical Resistance
Many liners contain plasticizers and other soluble constituents which Impart flexibility and
prressability to the material. Oils or plasticizers are extractable materials which tend to leach out, causing
st"ning and brittleness of the membrane. This extraction process occurs In the presence of common
Ihr.sehold solvents and even in normal soil. The embrittled material can then result In cracking of the liner.
Plasticized liners are known to be eaten or gnawed through by rodents in addition to being able to
r,vport fungus and microorganism growth. Microorganisms can also cause embrittling of the liner as they
TeJ on the plasticizers. Polyethylene is inherently flexible and, therefore, contains no plasticizer additives. It
Cc.sequently will not lose its flexibility due to extraction of the additives over time. The fact that it has no
p, licizers and is made of polyethylene means that Gundline HD tends to be resistant to rodents and does not
,.,::port microorganisms. Rodents have been shown to avoid polyethylene membranes positioned so as to
d;ctly obstruct their burrowing.
vnss Crack Resistance
Modern polyethylene resins have excellent resistance to stress cracking. Phillips slurry process
Crolymer HDPE resins, in particular, demonstrate superior resistance to stress cracking. This is confirmed
t1rof, Norman Brown of the University of Pennsylvania, one of the world's top experts on stress crack growth
r;:s in polyethyiene. Prof. Brown says that Phillips TR 400 resin remains the top performer in stress crack
twth resistance. He says, in particular, that TR 400 has improved in the last few years. The stress crack
cwth rates of 1988 resin are 7 times better than the 1985 resin - and TR 400 was the leader in 1985! Phillips
`00 and its Chevron licensed twin, are the only resins Gundle uses to make Gundline HD.
01�h

ATTACHMENT 2

UV - RESISTANCE OF GUNDLINE HD
Ultraviolet light exposure resistance is of major importance in
determining the weatherability of lining materials. In the case of
polyethylene products, we have the background of many successful
applications in an outdoor environment which date back to the 1940's.
The most common of these applications for polyethylene have been in
outdoor wire coatings and irrigation pipe. Thus, over the years, much
has been learned about the stabilization of polyethylene.
To protect polyethylene against UV radiation, finely dispersed carbon
black is added to the raw material. Test results from various sources
have shown that a carbon black content greater than 1% in sheet made
of HDPE with a wall thickness of greater than 1 mm is absolutely
sufficient to guarantee maximum UV resistance.
The specification for outdoor UV exposure is that the carbon _black
should be: 1) an optimum particle size, 2) properly dispersed, and
3) added in the right amount At Gundle we test according to the
following guidelines:
Property Specification Method
Carbon Black Content 2-3% ASTM D1603
Carbon Black Dispersion A-1 ASTM D3015
The degree of additive dispersion by the Gundle process is excellent.
din indicatio on f this is the consistently obtained rating of A-1 in
the carbon black dispersion test. This is the highest rating level
possible on the ASTM chart.
In addition to carbon black, a proprietary stabilization package is
compounded with the resin at a very minute overall percentage. This
package includes primary and secondary antioxidants known to work
synergistically with the carbon black, and which also add protection
against thermal degradation.

ATTACHMENT 3

W. LINCOLN H AWKINS
MATERIALS CONSULTANT
26 HIGH STREET
MONTCLAIR, N.J. 07042
February 7, 1987
TELEPHONE
[phone]
The Weatherability of Polyethylene -
Carbon Black Formulations
Carbon black has been an effective stabilizer for polyethylene
since the polymer was first introduced commercially(i). It
continues to be the most effective additive for extending
the useful life of this and many other polymers, both syn-
thetic and naturally -occurring. Although the primary role
of this pigmentis to stabilize against ultraviolet ra i-a-f='
ion by screening out incidentradiation, it will also.
innioit thermal oxidation;2). This is very important
since outdoor weathering involves both lightand heat-
aiion.
When polyethylene was first considered as sheathing for tele-
communication cables (replacing lead), it was recognized
that the polymer would undergo mechanical failure after only
a year or two of outdoor exposure in a moderate climate.
Considerable data, accumulated over a period of fifty years
shows the exceptional ability of carbon black to extend the
useful life of polyethylene. In 1941, an earl sample
of polyethylene containing only if of carbon black was put
on exposure Tacks in Florada—�l-t�ioukh—there wa -
p _ g _ _ s a small,
initial decrease in mechanical strength, the formulation
then showed almost no further loss and remains on test at
t_he exposure site �. Modern practice now s ecifies from
2.5 to 3.0 � of carbon black or optimum protection. Accel-
era a test data in wea erometers confirms results from
outdoor tests and has led to the firm vredictiam of at least
2-orty ,years of useful life for these formulations under the
most severe exposure conditions to be ex erienced in the
United States. Recently, the Plastics Division o-T Canadian
In us ries, d. has confirmed the stability of polyethylene -
carbon black formulations (3). Thermal antioxidants are
sometimes used in conjunction with carbon black to enhance
thermal stability. However, the ability of carbon black
to inhibit thermal degradation makes this practice unnec-
essary, unless severe temperatures are likely to be encount-
ered.
(1) V.T.Wallder et al, Ind. Eng. Chem., 42, 2330 (1950)
(2) W.L.Hawkins at, Fourth Conference on Carbon, 63 (1960)
(3) D.M.Walker and M.W.Jazkow, Modern Plastics, 60(5),
68 (1983)
T_r^C

Polyethylene -carbon Black, cont'd.
For adequate protection, carbon black must be properly
dispersed in the polymer.
In contrast, a poor dispersion shows a clear background
with many clusters of the pigment visible(2). Master-
batching is used to obtain good dispersions of carbon
black in most polymers. Based on long-term outdoor
testing and with support Trom accelerated tes s, predict
that a proper dispersion of 2.5% o car on ac - ei er
channel or furnace black - will have only a neg igi_ble
incidence of failure aft er fist an3— er�ia s one �hun red
ears of exposure in the most intense belts of solar rad-
iation found in the United States. This ormulation is
now the standard throughout the world for cable sheath.
My conclusion is based on forty years of experience in
studying degradation and stabilization of polyethylene
protected with carbon black. During this period, I have
authored Idany technical publications dealing with the
degradation and stabilization of polymers. I am the
author of two books on the.subject, and hold a U.S. patent,
with eighteen foreign filings, dealing with carbon black as
a stabilizer. There are also several patents in my name
that deal with combinations of carbon black with thermal
stabilizers. A brief summary of my credentials id
addended.
W. Lincoln Hawkins
Materials Consultant

ATTACHMENT 4

The Twenty Year Weathering of Polyethylene Compounds
Containing Carbon Black
By: D. Malcolm Walker and Marc W. Juzkow
Abstract
This paper describes an important and possibly unique set of data.
Twenty years ago samples of low density polyethylene in plaque form
were exposed to external weathering a -I-L s Edmonton Works. T is
as allowed a very long term study to be carried out on the
synergistic effects of several different es o Car on Black in
combination with an an ioxi ant with respect to maintenance of the
p ysical properties of the polyethylene.
At scheduled intervals of' time samples of the plaques were taken and
their properties examined. It was found that, although the properties
did not change in a regular way, the trends showed the undoubted
beneficial effects of the two additives.
After twenty ears some materials had decreased and some had increased
in tensile strengths but were still within a selling specification.
lon ation to break haecreasedin every samp e by 15-2-0--f—and all
the densities had increased slightly. ow temperaturFe brittle porn s
showed little change.
1
T-010

PLEASE COMPLETE AND RETURN THIS "CANPLAST 182"
FORM NO LATER THAN JULY 15TH, THE SOCIETY OF THE PLASTICS
1982 TO: INDUSTRY OF CANADA
1262 DON MILLS ROAD, SUITE 104
DON MILLS, ONTARIO M3B 2W7
SPEAKER'S DATA FORM FOR "CANPLAST 182"
37TH CONFERENCE OF SPI CANADA
The Twenty Year Weathering of Polyethylene
TITLE OF PAPER: Compounds Containing Carbon Black.
AUTHOR(S): Malcolm Walker and Marc Juzkow
PRESENTED BY: Malcolm Walker
COMPANY: C-I-L Inc.
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH
D. Malcolm Walker
Malcolm graduated with 1st class honours B Sc. in Chemistry from
Leeds University, England in 1958. This was followed in 1961 by
a Ph.D. on the Wittig Reaction involving organophosphorus
compounds. After a two year National Research Council Post -
Doctoral Fellowship in Ottawa working on porphyrin and pyrrole
chemistry he was employed by Imperial Chemical Industries in
England. During this time he initially worked in the ICI
Corporate Research Laboratory on many aspects of polymer science
and this was followed by 15 years in Technical and Management
functions on large scale Polypropylene and Polyethylene Plants.
He is currently Product Development Supervisor at C-I-L's
Polyethylene Plant in Edmonton.
Marc W. Juzkow
Marc graduated from Burnaby North Senior Secondary School in 1979
and is currently studying Chemistry at Simon Fraser University.
He has spent some time working as a Co-op student at C-I-L Inc.
SPECIAL AUDIO-VISUAL EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENTS
Could you please provide an overhead transparency projector in a
position where I can use it and speak at the same time?
2

The Twenty Year Weathering of Polyethylene Compounds
Containing Carbon Black
By: D. Malcolm Walker and Marc W. Juzkow
C-I-L Inc. - Edmonton Works Plastics
Sept. 1982
3

The Twenty Year Weathering of Polyethylene Compounds Containing Carbon
Black
By: M. Juzkow and D. M. Walker
1. Introduction
Twenty years ago in 1961 many groups of people in the Plastics
Industry were interested in the study of stability of polymers
with respect to long term exposure to the outdoor environment.
The Plastics Division of Canadian Industries Limited (now C-I-L
Inc.), knowing of the work being carried out using artificial
conditions for accelerated aging, decided to undertake a long
term study of the effect of the natural environment. It was
decided to stabilize an extrusion grade of polyethylene with a
mixture of Santonox and various types of carbon black. Plagues
of these compounds would be made and exposed at the Edmonton
Works to Alberta weather conditions of cold winters and warm
sunny summers for 20 years. Samples would be taken at s ecifi<
time,interva s and their properties examined. A comparison witl
unexposed material would be made.
This study is important and possibly unique in that polyethylene
samples exposed to a natural outdoor climate, for a period of
twenty years, have been available for testing.
2. Materials
2.1 Base Polymer
The grade of polyethylene used for this study was C-I-L 220G.
This is a resin made in a stirred high pressure polyethylene
reac�or. It has a melt index of 2 and a reference density of 923
kg/m , and was the base for both pipe and wire insulation
compounds on the market in the late 1950's and early 1960's.
2.2 Carbon Blacks
The carbon blacks were of two basic types known as oil furnace
blacks and channel blacks. Furnace blacks are made in a
continuous process involving partial combustion of natural gas or
other hydrocarbons such as oil in specially designed furnaces.
In the manufacture of channel blacks natural gas is burned
through small lava tips with a limited amount of air. The flame
impinges upon an iron surface which is continuously scraped to
remove the deposited carbon black. The individual carbon blacks
involved in this work are described more fully in Table 1.
4

2.3 Antioxidant
The antioxidant used in this program was chosen to be Santonox.
This is an organosulphur compound developed by Monsanto Ltd. who
have shown it to have a very highly synergistic retarding effect
on the thermal oxidation of po:yethylene when combined with
carbon black as shown in Figure 1 �2.
3. Experimental
3.1 Manufacture of Test Compounds
The concentration of carbon black in the final compound was
chosen to be 2.9%. Previous work had shown that such a
concentration (in the absence of antioxidants) was a reasonable
compromise. One percent or less gave compounds which became
brittle within 2 years. Concentrations of five percent and above
were found to confer no extensi3n of useful mechanical properties
during accelerated aging tests.
A level of 0.1% Santonox was chosen as this was the smallest
concentration to confer a high degree of oxidative stability on
polyethylene. In order to make the compounds masterbatches of
24% carbon black and 76% base polymer were roll milled at 1400C
until satisfactory blends were prepared. Some of these were
stored to be used later as the masterbatches for the unexposed
samples. The rest were milled again with more base polymer and
sufficient Santonox to give the ratio of ingredients described
above. Milling for approximately 5 minutes was found to be
satisfactory. After this time the crepes were removed from the
roll and cooled.
3.2 Preparation of the Test Samples
From the milled crepes sufficient polymer was weighed out to fill
moulds measuring 10" x loll x 0.062511 which were held between
sheets of cleaned aluminum foil of 0.005" thickness. A moulding
cycle of 5 minutes at 1 tonne platen pressure followed by 5
minutes at 30 tonnes platen pressure was used at a temperature of
150 - 1600C.
A.cooling condition procedure was employed which involved leaving
the plaques in the press at 30..tonnes platen pressure whilst
cooling the platens with cold water. When the temperature of the
platens had dropped to below 500C the samples were removed from
the press, the aluminum sheets stripped off and the plaques were
pressed out of the mould.
The unexposed carbon black/polymer masterbatches were stored in
the dark and at the appropriate time intervals were removed,
mixed with the required quantity of 220G, and converted to sample
plaques using the procedures described above.
5

0
3.3 Samples from Plaques
Figure 2 shows how the plaques were eventually dissected to
provide samples for the various tests.
3.4
The
ECM
Exposure of Samples
r;amonzvn, wltin On eleVOU.LUn v1 ZZJL1 ? LW=6, 1.7 C71L.uM%.r-%+ %4V
53054' N and longitude 1130 30' W. The average annual sunshine
exposure time during the 20 years was 2246 hours. Samples were
removed from the roof after 1_. 2. 5, 10 and 20 years. Their
properties were measured as shown below and compared with
materials prepared from unexposed masterbatches.
3.5 Measurement of the Physical and Mechanical Properties
3.5.1 Density
The densities of the samples were measured using the Density
Gradient Column method. Before placing in the column the samples
were cleaned in propanol and then dried.
3.5.2 Tensile Properties
The tensile properties of the samples were measured using "C-I-L
Polyethylene Test Method No. 5C-Tensile Strength of Polyethylene"
which is based on A.S.T.M. procedures D1248, D638, D412.
The properties determined were as follows:
a) Yield Point, which is defined as the first stress level on
the stress/strain curve where the slope of the curve
approaches zero. With a constant rate of crosshead movement
this is the stress level at which there is a large increase
of strain without an increase in stress.
b) Maximum Tensile Strength, which is defined as the maximum
tensile load per unit area of the original cross section,
measured within the gauge boundaries of the dumb -bell shaped
specimen, which the specimen will sustain prior to breaking.
c) Elongation, which is defined as the extension between gauge
boundaries caused by the maximum tensile strength. It is
expressed as a percentage of the original distance between
the marks.
3.5.3 Low Temperature Brittle Point
This property was measured as the temperature at which 50% of the
specimens broke when tested by the "C-I-L Polythene Test Method
4B/411, which is based on ASTM D746. The specimens were cut with
C:

3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
a circular saw into strips measuring 1.50 + 0.03" x 0.25 + 0.01"
x 0.0625". To reach the extremely low temperatures of
approximately -1000C required by this polymer a methylcyclohexane
bath was used which was cooled by liquid nitrogen. This was the
technique used to derive the results on the 20 year exposed
specimens (Table 4). The unexposed sample results and the
original sample results (Tables 3 and 2 respectively) are based
on an older technique for measuring the actual percentage failure
rate at-1000C.
Antioxidant Concentration
A method for the detection of the antioxidant using liquid
chromotography was developed.
Melt Index
This is the measure of the melt fluidity of the polymer. The
ASTM D1238-73 method is used in which poolyethylene is melted in a
cylinder of diameter 9.55 mm at 190 C. It is then extruded
through a flat entry die having a jet of diameter 2.095 mm by a
weighted 2.16 kg piston inserted into the tube on top of the
melt. The weight of polymer in grams extruded in ten minutes is
defined as the melt index.
Carbon Black Concentrations
This was measured as the weight of residue remaining after
pyrolysis of a weighed sample of the compound held in a furnace
at 6000C for 3 minutes.
Carbon Black Dispersion
"C-I-L polyethylene Test Method 18-B" was used which measures the
distribution and size of agglomerates of carbon black in a disc
of thickness 0.001" pressed from the compound. The disc was
compared with standards using a microscope at magnification of
10OX and scaled on the range 2 for good to 5 for poor.
4. Results
4.1 General
Tables 2, 3 and 4 show the original properties of the compounds,
the properties of the unexposed compounds after twenty years, and
the properties of the exposed materials after twenty years
respectively. Figure 3 shows the changes of density as exposure
time progressed and Figures 4 and 5 show the changes in tensile
strength and elongation for the maximum time exposed.
7

4.2 Densities
Figure 3 shows the changes in density for each testing year. The
samples can be identified by number referring to Tables 2 and 4.
These show the actual densities measured at the beginning and end
of the experiment. These results and those from Table 3 show in
general that the densities of the weathered samples increased
iArith time to a greater degree than the densities of the materials
based on unexposed masterbatches,
4.3 Tensile Properties
The tensile yield points for the exposed samples show that in all
cases there was an increase compared with the original_
measurements. The tensile yield points of the unexposed
materials were quite close to t e original results.
Figure 4 shows the scattered change in tensile strengths after
twenty years. None of the changes are particularly dramatic and
in fact all the samples are still exhibiting strengths within the
selling specification. The unstabilized C-I-L 220G which had
been exposed was found to be brittle in the fifth year and
therefore no information exists for this base resin after that
time. In the other cases, where no results are available after 5
and 10 years, this was due to insufficient samples being
available for tests and not because of catastrophic failure of
the materials after that time. The elongation of all the
compounds decreased as time progressed as shown in Figure 5. The
newly pressed unexposed samples also showed a decrease in
elongation which was not quite so marked.
4.4 Low Temperature Brittle Point
The original samples had their percentage failure rate measured
at -100 C whereas after 20 years the temperature of a 50% failure
rate was noted. Despite the difference in technique it can be
seen, with the exception of Vulcan 9 based product, that there
was slight worsening in low temperature brittle point. The
Vulcan 9 based product was very nearly unchanged.
4.5 Antioxidant and Carbon Black
No Santonox was found to be present in any of the exposed
compounds after 20 years. The carbon black concentrations were
essentially the same as in the original samples.
4.6 Carbon Black Dispersion
No dispersion data was available for the original samples. The
newly pressed unexposed samples had values ranging from 2-1/2 to
2-7/8 whereas the -exposed materials exhibited values from 2-5/8
�_
M.

4.7 Melt Indices
No data exists for the original compounds but comparisons of the
exposed and unexposed twenty year old samples suggests very
little change has taken place.
5. Discussion
Many specifications for pipe and insulation compounds have a
minimum level of 1800 to 2800 psi for the maximum tensile
strength, a slightly lower yield strength, elongations of 400% -
600%, and minimum low temperature brittle points of 30% - 50% at
-600C to -900C. In general all the 20 year exposed materials
reported here could pass a selling specification.
The unexposed compounds were made from different C-I-L 220G base
polymers through the years although the masterbatches remained
constant. The results should be viewed with this in mind and
comparisons are only made when it is thought that such
comparisons are fair.
The term higher density when referred to polyethylene usually
infers a more crystalline material. The rise in density of the
exposed compounds in this report however can be accounted for by
assuming a small amount of crosslinking which would cause a
closer packing of the molecules. Such a theory would also
account for the increase in tensile properties and the slight
reduction in elongation. Cross -linking would lead to more
complex, more enmeshed, polymer chains which give greater
strength. This would also reduce the ability of chains to move
apart, slide across each other, and to stretch. Elongation would
therefore be reduced because the elasticity is reduced. As a
material becomes less elastic it reduces in toughness and
increases in brittleness. The worsening of the low temperature
brittle point shows that the exposed materials are becoming more
brittle and is a further indication of a small level of cross -
linking.
The fact that the melt indices are not significantly different
from the unexposed samples however, shows that the oxidation and
cross -linking is minimal.
The contrast with unstabilized polyethylene is really quite
remarkable. In this experiment the unstabilized plaque had
become so brittle after sixty months exposure that no further
tests could be carried out on it.
There is no clear advantage indicated for the use of any
particular sample of carbon black over another. Some carbon
blacks show improved tensile properties while others give less
low temperature brittle point deterioration than others. Smaller
particle size carbon blacks would be thought to be more readily
dispersed. They would therefore be distributed more evenly in
the polymer matrices and protect potentially oxidizable sites

better than the larger varieties. This does not show up in
practice and there is no indication that such materials are
measurably better.
The better dispersion seen in the newly pressed compounds is
probably due to changes in milling techniques over the years
rather than indicating a deterioration in the exposed samples.
The presence of Santonox does not seem essential for stability
over the whole 20 year term as no Santonox could be found in the
20 year old exposed materials. It is not known at what stage the
Santonox "disappeared." The residual effect of antioxidants, for
some time after they can no longer be found in the polymers, is
not a new observation. The loss must be due to reaction or
sublimation. As yet however there is no satisfactory explanation
for this retained stability which itself usually has a limited
life.
Figure 1 shows the low level of stabilization achieved by the use
of carbon black and there are many reports of the limits of
stabilization achieved by organic antioxidants alone. It is of
course well known that any unstabilized polyethylene exposed to
heat and/or sunlight will degrade and become brittle. The
results in this paper show that mouldings made from the materials
described will preserve their properties for at least 20 years.
it -follows that other finished products such as wire insulation
and cable sheathing, and film made from similar recipes and
components will behave in the same manner.
This twenty year study in a natural environment confirms, not
unexpectedly, e results o-f accelerated aging. The results
erefore, presen ted here should-a:Lspel any doubts, any exist
on t e use u ness and validity o if articial accelerated aging
L.CD L..J. 1.L. i. aAv.. �-•-- ..gal .------^----J —
Ehe Industrial Polymer Technologist/Technical Salesman and
downstream users to have confirmation of the usefulness of carbon
black and Santonox as synergistic stabilizers for polymer systems
in a natural environment.
Finally the point should be made that exposure to the whole
spec rum o natura wave engths of radiation together with high
summer temperatures is one or-l-Ee—most damaging environments to
which commercial polymers are subj ected. If a material can
survive this ten i wi survive most of the downstream uses to
which such materials are put.
Acknowledgements
Thanks are due to Cabot Carbon of Canada Ltd., and the Columbian
Carbon Company for helping to select the varieties of carbon black and
to Monsanto Ltd. for their original interest.
10

m
References
1. W. L. Hawkins, et al, J. Applied Polymer Science 1, 37-42 (1959)
2. W. L. Hawkins, et al, J. Applied Polymer Science 1, 43-49 (1959)
3. A. Renfrew, and P. Morgan, Polythene (Interscience 1957), 143
et seq
Santonox or SantonoxR is a registered trademark of Monsanto Ltd.
Questions Which May be Asked
1. Do you think further exposure would have damaged the plaques?
2. You say that no Santonox was present in the exposed samples after
20 years. Why then is the polymer still stable?
F11b]

Table 1.DESCRIPTION OF CARBON BLACKS
HAKE
MANUFACTURER
TYPEF
BLACK
PARTICLE
SIZE Z E (ny.l
A. Yulcan"3
Cabot
Oil Furnace
27
B. Vulcan 9
Cabot
Oil Furnace
< 22
C. Black Pearls 46
Cabot
High Colour
Channel
13
D. Black Pearls 74
Cabot
Medium Colour
Channel
17
E. Black Pearls 81
Cabot
Regular Colour
Channel
22
F. Spheron 9
Cabot
Regular Colour
Channel
27
G. . Special XXX !
C: ==`
Experimental
Oil
H. Statex 125
Columbian
Oil Furnace
22
I. Sterling S.O.
Cabot
Oil Furnace
41

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Figure 4
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FOR MAXIMUM EXPOSED TIME
EXPOSED TIME, YE."ARS
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1
t
,
PE/carbon-black
survives 20 gears of
weathering in Canada
By D. Malcolm Walker* and Marc W. Juzkow-
Tire synerg.,sric effects of carbon block and on antioxidant on the
long-term %voihering stability *of LDPE are dramatized in an experi-
ment that confirms the rolidity of accelerated-oging testy Tensile
strength of samples remained x-ithin selling specification; elongation
decreased by 15-20%; lotwtemperaiure brittleness stood pet
n 1961 the Plastics Division of Ca-
nadian Industries Ltd. (now C-I-L
Inc.) undertook a long-term study of
the elfect of the natural environment
on an extrusion grade of polyethylene
with a mixture of an antioxidant and
various types of carbon black. Plaques
of these compounds were made and ex.
posed at the Edmonton Works to Alber.
ta weather conditions (cold winters and
warm, sunny summers) for 20 years.
Samples were taken at specific time in-
tmals and their properties examined.
The ¢rate of LDPE used for this
study was C-I-L 220G, made in a
stir, ed hi_h-prmure reactor. It has a
.ne-t index ,. _ a-cfcre: dcnsi
ci S:: i �.i -:•1; -asthethe base far 121,
A1Drr e. Cone&
I. �'a•T'W.1 r. ; t:nr,o drn„ne:r rcfrrrnrr, e: rnd of
c:'ir:r. 3ru� on Y^r' : mrr.,rd at Ar S,'/ C.:nvev
i
Y I
! L •CI
Time ,e 3:
pipe and wire -insulation compounds on
the market in the early 1960s.
The carbon blacks were of two basic
ty-pes, known as oil furnace blacks and
channel blacks (Table 1).
The antioxidant used was Sanionox
(registered tradename of Morsaato.
Ltd.), an organo-sulphur compound
which has been shown to have a very
highly synergistic rcuurding e.Rect on the
the-mal oxidation of PE when combined
with carbon black (Fig. 1) (1.2)1.
The concentration of carbon black in
the compounds was set at 2.91e. Prc%i-
ous wcri; had stcw•n that such a con-
ceatraticn (in the absence ofan:icxi-
:::s) was
: le%ci of 0. i �-o ;ti0XidanI was c o•
sir, as tLis was the smallest conccrrtra-
tion :o cc-fcr a high.degrct of oxi?ative
stability on PE. Ma5'.cr^alChes of :+rc
carbon black and V-'c base polymer
were roil miiled at 1.**C. until satisfac-
Fit. 1: Synergistic effect of Antioxidant and
carbon black on thermal oxidation of polyethylene.
these were stored to be used Wer s
mastcrbalchcs for the uncxpoccd s:,m-
pars. The rest were micd agair,
more base polymer and SUMCienl 31.i-
oxidants to gig c the desired r,-tio of in-
gredients. Milling for approximatcly 5
min. was found to be satisfactory.
Sufficient milled crepe to fill molds
10 by 10 by 0.0625 in. was held between
sheets of cleaned 0.005-in. aluminum
foil. The molding cycle was 5 min. at
150 to 160'C. and 1-ton platen pressure,
and then 5 min. at 30-ton pressure fol-
lowed by cooling the platens with coil
water at .0-ton pressure until the p la:cn
temperature had dropped to bc!ew•
57C. The unexposed carbon black/; ol.
ymcr mactcrbatches were stored in : e
dark and were removed at the ap;,rep•ri-
ate time in:en•als, mixed with the re-
quired quantity of base polymer, and
convened to sample plaques.
The plaques were placed on racks on
the roof of a building at Edmonton fac-
ing south at an angle of 45' to the hori-
zontal. Samples were removed from :hc
roof after 1, 2, 5, 10, and 20 years. Their
propenics «-ere measured and ccmr.27ed
with materials prepared from unexpmed
masterbatches.
Effects on properties
Dersiry. Table II shows the actual densi-
ties of the unexposed compounds at -he
beginning and end of the tests. In ¢ever, -
al, the densities of the weathered sam-
ples (Table III and F¢. 2) inere_sed
with time to a treater d c e n :he
ce sitics cf :......_te.._1s se.. C
r- Ter sileYroper:i s The tensile yield
points for the exposed s-ompies show
that in all ices there was an inc.ca-ce
compared with the original mersurc-
I meats (Ti abie 1I1). T"ne tensiie vied
• � J
. _ oM •
. - c = -=
Y�I�Jb-i- - •: •7 -
- , •' '
Fit. 2: Density changes vs.
exposute years ishown on graph). i
6E Mpperr.iyy'rLs.'tay �?E3

I r
cc :r.:cd for by assuming a sma',l
51 amount of crosslinkinb, %%hich would
\\ / cause a closer packing of molecules.
2.1 it 1 6X^ Such a theory would also account for
the increase in tensile properties and the
Sa'r.P!e n;,rrtcr : slight reduction in elongation
2.0
t
y'_ __71
1.9
-j 2
n Sa.•-ple member
b 12 6
1.7 8
t60 .5 10 15 20
Exec: arne, yr.
Pig. 3: Original and final tensile
strengths for maximum exposed times.
75C 9'�
700
12 r 2
650
600 6 �\ 3
' \4 13I
LLU t� 1 . r r
0 5 10 15 20
Exacse:! :i ne. ye
rig. 4: Original and final elongations
for maximum exposed times.
Crosslinking would lead to more
complex, more enmeshed polymer
chains which give greater strength. This
would also reduce the ability of the
chains to move apart. slide across each
other. and stretch. Elongation would
therefore be reduced because elasticity is
reduced. As a material becomes less
elastic it declines in toughness and in.
erenses in br ilencss. The worsening of
the low-tcmpelrature brittle point shows
that the exposed materials are becoming
more brittle, and is a further indication
of a low level of crosslinking. The fact
tha: the melt indices are not significant-
ly different from the unexposed samples,
however, shows that oxidation and
erosslinking are minimal
points of the unexposed materials were
Many specifications for pipe and insula-
The contrast with clear polyethylene
quite close to the original results.
tion compounds have a minimum level
(no carbon) is really quite remarkable.
Fig. 3 shows the scattered change in
of I S00 to 2800 ps.L for the maximum
The clear plaque had become so brittle
tensile strengths after up to Myr. expo-
tensile strength, a slightly lower yield
after 5-yr. exposure that no further tau
sure. None of the changes are particu-
strength, elongations of 400 to 6005rc,
could be carried out on it. .
' larly dramatic and in fact all the sam•
and minimum low -temperature brittle
Small -particle -size carbon blacks
ples still exhibited strengths %ithlin the
points of 30 to 5017c at -60 to -90'C. In
would be expected to be more readily
selling specification. The exposed clear
general, all the 20-year exposed maten-
dispersed. They would therefore be dis-
PE wss found to be brittle in the fifth
als could pass a selling specification.
tributed more evenly in the polymer ma -
year and there-rore no information exists
The unexposed compounds were
trices and protect potentially oxidizable
for this base resin after that time. In the
made from different C-I-L 220G base
sites better than the larger varieties.
other cases, where no results are avail-
polymers through the years, although
This does not show up in practice, there
able after S and 10 years, this was due to
the mssterbatches rennained constant.
being no indication that such materials
insufficient samples being available. The
The results should be viewed with this
are measurably better. The better dis-
elong3tion ofa!1 the compounds de-
in nird; eornpar:se-s are on.!}• rrade
persion seen in :he ISS I tests is proba.
creased as time progressed (Fir. d). The
w:,e i :t :s -.hc'jcht that such compa- -
b!y d;:c :o changes in milling Tech, a :es i
unexposed samples tested in 19SI a!so
S -c are fat;
%cr •' • ea-s. - ' � - : ^,,:- �
showed 3 decrease in elonra:ten w_ir?t
T.tie :eat 'hither ::c s::;" w;-,e:, ;'; •
i de:e-:cr_i:o . ir. the expose;; sampirs. f
was not quire so (narked.
plied to PE usua6y infers aemcee-c:: s:a!-
T'ne presence of Samonox does nut
Low-ternperrrre brittle paint The
line n3te1:2L The..se in density of t! e
seem essential for stability over t; e
original samples had their percentage
exposed cc -pounds hcw•e:•er, can be ac-
I whole 20-year term, as no antioxidant I
failure rate measured 3t-)OTC.. where-
I could he found in the _C-vear-e!d
as after 20 ears' ex sure the re^Hera-
po
i
cod r•,a;era:s. It ;�
1 ac • is :lot 'Known 3t w:.• t
ture of 3 50% failure rate was :toted.
I : • I
;
I Stcfe it "d:sz7peared." The r[s'dual era
Des ,i:e the di:r rcnccc :-1 :c... ;il a ii
! I
__. ....- .., _
.�� a -•.S. rcr Sc-- .M e after
C2-1 :+e SeC^. L'•:.: :L: :[:eT ;.�.. f ..:e
i ..
...Cw w "0 iG^.-C: be fC:7C. in ' ie poly-
VuIcan C prcd�:: 'Zi :hcr,. .2r
'
1 i - paRic.e 1
i -.rS.:S'C 1 = �C ► JCS[^tali ... ne IcSS i
`-
I '':^',t' :e--.e'_..._
_ "i' -•
b"t:le pc:-:: t r-..-�cs 11 and
,v;e„ S
^' site.
!: ^.e .:ark T:rie:Cn
a"
' :i :iC.. cr S: �: -^
.. �_. 'e_ ^ 1 ....... cn.
Fi:.~i : ; low level
.i:,'.
1 .•inr:cx.'d..nr CC.'7. or .._.C._ Na
•'L1Cc^ 1- ^a^.£ i ;
..^C�:c
� ........ ?.t'.. �.. ^�• :Ic use
J::b:IC.'•:.'nd`:::C.'[
SLricn t cots -- L•.nd :n any Jf :'I ^.-
a , e:.
: ii;;l�cn ? �d :.:!^ -2
ate <_
bract: tin
3r[ m_ \• renCr:S
i rounc;s 3fICr ��'i •:Cars. Pic zzrbon back
! I r.i2Ck PEW'•S L6 �i.n—cotc: I
! of :he :'^ :5 Jf S:ablh'aLG '^ :
1 cric.—nirwim s a'crt esce mt;cly the same
C: annel i, !
, sv a a, I ;
era^�-:c r.:iexi�-n:s alone. t :s we!)
ar in t :�•'
'err._ is:---1cs. -
''
_
1 ' E:ack =e-v:s' 1.4eciuml `•.^.Ica
1
1. :• �.
I •now•- nest ark• • nstabil::rd PE :apcscd
Ccrbcr. ::c �isYers:on. \o d:seer-
j �-annel
I Etack i=ea-'s 5: Re=� xr, afc:
to heat anc: or sunlisht will deer ade and
sign data were available for :he ore:nal
I 01i'annel 22
becomne brittle. Tne results in this pacer 1
samples. The newly pressed unexpesed
S-Heron 9
show :`31 :moldings Tide -of:, :he ..a. ,
samples had values ranting from _'! ;o
� � er•.arne1 27
:eria.'s described w•fil rresc-•e their '
i
I'_%, -here is :he exYcced ^arc :s ex-
i Scec:a: xxx 1
prepe-:es :or =t least :0 ye: rs. It io%
hibi:ed value fre-1 ,/, to _ :� ice:
;ex*Le6rnen'a1 C-0 %;rn2ce 2= �
I lows ,.:t other :�ris!:ed , r c+dt cis. s; ;`i
1
Footnote F. Tex .e i .)
S:a:ex ;25 C,i!u:n2ce 22
I s ilea( and wire insula:; b:
a cn and .3�.e
.t:eft:nci;cs No Cat3 cx:s; fcr :` :
S:e-::-.� S.O. Cdi:urrsce s:
1
Shewh:nc. made. "om s:n:il!r ccr,.pc
original con pounds. but cem;zr'scns cf
_ _ _
a ". ax-ear• r_cr area -.. I
i ncnts W:-.l bc!'ave in the came rn3 :raga. !
the exposed and :7nexpiased X-YT. cld
p
I � -.K,c�,-��.,� �_.. 1
i Thois :0 . r. xt: dy :n a natural e:,v (-
samples suc:cst ve.n little ch2ncc.
: 1
ronmeni ,cnf:r-rs. not unexpec Iv',
:c� , i
70 U0*arr%p'as:m vay 1983

. i -
Ithe resu!ts of accelerated aging. The re-
suits preserved here should dispel any
doubts, if any txist, on the usefulness
and validity orartificial accelerated -ag-
ing tests. It is however very reassuring
to thepol)'Tu technologist/technical
salesm3n and the downstream user to
have confimution of the usefulness of
carbon black and antioxidant as syner.
gistic stabilizers for polymer systems in
a natural environment.
FinaNy, the point shew!d be rnadc
that exposure to the Aholc spectrum or
natural wavelengths of radiation, to-
geiher with high summer temperatures,
is one or the most damaging cnviron-
ments to which commercial polymers
are subjected. Ira material can sur•i%c
this it will survive most of the down-
stream uses to which it is put.
Thanks are due to Cabot Carbon or.
Canada, Ltd., and the Columbian Car.
boo Co. for helping to select the varict-
ics of carbon black, and to Monsanto
Ltd. for its original interest.
References
l) w.L. Hawkins ct, al.,1. Appl- Poly.
Sci.1. 37 (1959).
2) W.L. Hawkins ct. al.. 1. Appl., Appl.
Poly. Sci. 1. 43 (1959).
3) A- Renfrew and P. Morgan, Poly-
thcne (Interscience 1957). 143 et seq. ■
;ter+.
,a.:z �.
'%1.�iz��:.�c
_
�.�.r
.:::r :.:.lr•_
..
_ • � -._..:.t.
_
Low -temp.
Max. tensile
brittleness.
Carbon
Mott
Density! Tenstlo
strength,
Elongs-
% break at .
tone., Si,
.
index,
kgJrms yield. p.s.i!
p.s.i!
tion, %*
-100•C.
Dispersion
SOMP4
1981
1981
1961 1981 1961
1981
1961
1Sa1
196
11981
1961 1981
or carbon. 1
1981'
1. Vulcan 3
2.83
1.78
0.9329 0.9345 1640
16<5.
1990
18S0
650
615
44 20
21h
2. Vulcan 3181ack
Pears 74. 1/1
3.00
1.68
0.9323 0.9348 1640
1685
1230
-1790
750
595
36 a
2-V-
3. Vulcan!)
2.82
1.71
0.9326 0.9350 1640
1720
1920
1915
700
630
48 24
2:l.
4. Black Pearls 46
3.00
1.22
0.9335 0.9366 1640
1730
1960
2105
760
530
35 0
27h
5. Black Pearls 461
Spheron 9. 111
2.80
1.36
0.9320 0.9333 t
1660
•
1935
•
60S
• 8
23/.
6. Black Pearls 74
t
t
0.9328 a 1580
•
1670
t
650
1
44 e
e
1
7. Black Pearls 741
i
Vuk3n_9.1/1
2.91
1.60
0.9308 0.9366 1640
169S
2080
1915
650
645
28 20
2% 3
8. Black Pea-•`s 81
2.87
1.78
0.9325 0.9357 1560
1745
1980
1960
680
625
20 8
2112
9. Spheron 9
2.99
1.75
0.9328 0.9358 1740
1645
2200
1855
830
635
32 20
2 ."a I
r
10. NO cartoon
Nil
1.96
0.9200 0.9245 t
1602
e.
1755
a
600
• 28
Nil
11. Special XXX
3.50
1.28
0.9230 0.9385 1600
1705
1920
19;5
750
590
40 16
23/. I
12. Sta!ex 125 3.29 1.70 0.9324 0.9371
1630 1720
1960 1660
700 630
e4 12
2%
13. Sterling S.O. 2.98 1.74 0.91-29 0 S353
1530 1715
2020 16SO
750 655
24 0
2s!s i
•. �,•"..'Mr U"J.Y :✓Ke'Mi1.M+rj: 2 � � (.• :Y 0^r^•a>/:KNd.Jt• n ria70Yiri.:-A-ln••7LG' -a! i
• :.�: W •.�J 71�AG•.vaR C.•Ce�7t�w.h 4I! �i
r
6S•C
C /•$:4 r'.li.+: ~, rlri telif. ^vOly� 2 OrrS mn. 6t 1: nt:. 76 � � rG:.O.
e: CJ-L PE't% -&"V0 %'C 5C rd *-Ae Ver-9m of PE. 54:,00.-M Xr. M 0• 1248. D e3l. VC D•4 2
t: C41PEw--t'oe!4 r3vaDo*DwNocrrven..'+r.me7nwts7rxr u.�xnareA�CaC rr>,re;= sCx:•s•7rp.��
-r@�w.t
Ieerr•-,s••e � rreara = +Oct zaG+xaaor+a++e ::�• or+ � rYi1< D' ::y proe
ce L'i �
C trr.!'txee ss•7e � �'ti
i
r
ICareen Ce^.si!y,
rer.siteyielC,
flax.:er.si:e
'clanca•
Dri::ieaeirt
Dispersion
c: _ , =i :'e:..-ec: kc ..,.
..s.i.
s:rer,et 1. _.i,
_ ., e•i
;F50) °C.
of carbon
1. VL:ic2-- 3 1.c: 0.:':7.
.--0
:5:r
51C
_ ac 72_.
2. Vcic3n_.= cr.
i
Pe;r:S 74. 2.?9 1.72 0.93t=-
-,0
1E=5
E05
- 966
231.
t 3. Wica-.9 2.29 1.-1 0.9374
-570
2:30
500
- :01.9
3
S. 5:ack
I 2.55 i.40 0.9366
1675
605
- =9.0
1160
271e t
j 7. Black i'e3::s 7 -/
I Vulccr. ?, t/1 2.8- 1.21 0.9370
1t?95
19E5
605
- 101.5
9. Sohercn 2 3.C9 1.75 0.93E2
16-5
2C35
60:
- 27.2
231.
I 11. Soee:aiXXX 03 1.'_9 0.93S2
:c95
16._
t-5
- 90.8
2sti
13. Sier!iny 1.:S 0. 5= :S6J 2:.^r 580 - 53.2 3 .
���+►►.........ff[ � C• ;�:••a•*::-te-•.s•o-r.-e•::+r e•e:•swe-n :+:'r•s%cc-:a.,�^s.aeon-+...!•e :ti .•C:+e: +a*c:c;:ac-;
1 D. S. ,Jes 4 f S. •-.1•mac +. -eve ^e.su:n'v rev-, a'c•:: ' r vmwe
1 C- ies: -.•.V:.•4c :E.-:Z. D.nk=_•ti Lasec.v 4s�M 0::E.-•.t Mr•`_^!'a:wt L••Act '^t ::•¢•Cr."!•n ...n,.•
"en"eC riT.. enclee-• •_c 4 •t:Yt7
3.
.rr=.
72 MOOernP:asnes. j.'.ey -SS3
.
:Js

e
_' Ryl
1 Ronald H. Levine, M.D., M.P.H.
STATE HEALTH DIRECTOR
DIVISION OF HEALTH SERVICES
ire �iVcd
P.O. Box 2091
Raleigh, N.C. 27602-2091
March 28, 1984
Ms. Mary Lee Ransmeier
Champion International Corporation
Canton Mill
Box C-10
Canton, N. C. 28716
Dear Ms. Ransmeier:
Subject: Asbestos Disposal at Landfill No. 6 Area
This office has no objection to the referenced disposal if conducted
per your letter of March 20, 1984.
The waste should be covered daily with sufficient amounts (6" minimum)
of fly ash, lime mud or dirt so that the bags will not be exposed at
the surface. After the project is completed, the area should be covered
with 1-2 feet of cover (if not used for extended period of time, use dirt).
Care should be exercised during the operation to ensure the bags are not
ruptured during disposal and resulting in asbestos becoming airborne.
If you have questions concerning this matter, please advise.
Sincerely,
J. o on ayton, Envi onmental Engineer
S id & Hazardous Wast Management Branch
vironmental Health Section
JGL:ct
cc: Jim Moore
STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA James B Hunt, Jr/ DEPARTMENT OF HUMAN RESOURCES Sarah T. Morrow, M.D, M.P.H
GOVERNOR SECRETARY

•'Y I,U -tf 1 -
t. 1 �!M �'� ♦ a F,f �r J } ..I.•N J(�.��',�, 1 (l fJ' � �_ " . , .. ......q.
�YII�1`1'I+ V '1 i t�iTi.�.i:l�At,I,IR A.yA`�3 f1y1�M11 K/J
Y.,�t J.+5.�a111115 �a'!l'..1. �i �: .1 - u�rr±,..ivrh%�'���hq'�G�r"rl'!���'(�i:5 h�:�JWi����J Fi�{`C.5+1 �_%b4� �i t y` �r`i.. I.... �... 1_ !.-f i,..:-. �•�)i.4 !tC�A6is..
XiQ1�N�r�.maw+ro..;,w.........,.«.�.._..____ 1•: :i1i- .1,, - 'lu. :,-• Y:
VA
Ronald H. Wylnra, MIX4 i wp.H. } ri!•
STAY! WAY"DIItCiQt
DIYISIQN OF HEALTH SERVICES
P.O. Box 2091
Raleigh, N.C. ;.;.,
•;''L�� 1.'r. CERTIFIED COPY OF SOLID WFSTE PERMIT {4
tl �o hereby certify that the attached PERMIT is an exact end true copy
of'Permit No.
ell
a�^ W. 4tr an �:� ea
i� Solid b Hazardous Waste Management Branch;:`,; ,"•;i
,.�
•� '•1 Environmental Health Section
NogOs `
Noeth Carolina
J Clt-4- County
tt a Notary Public for said
.County and State, do hereby certify that
personally appeared before me this day and acknowredged the due
execution of the foregoing instrument.
Witness my hand and official seal, this the _ �', day of
i*i y'1 0-AA, 19
-, • ...
5fit �afficial seel )
:Vy, .``DT A 4 .cl: CG Notary Pu c
.00
�r''�'::.: .:. c.•:'
Cojjh%,L�retiission expires
•84
loran 5 HUMI, Jr — Sarah 1. raora.�. M W.
STATF. OF NORTH CAROUNA / DEPARTMENT OF HUMAN: ,,SOURCES SKW;YAtr

• ' Ronald H. Levine, M.D., M.P.H.
STATE HEALTH DIRECTOR
DIVISION OF HEALTH SERVICES
P.O. Box 2091
Raleigh, N.C. 27602-2091
March 28, 1984
Ms. Mary Lee Ransmeier
Champion International Corporation
Canton Mill
Box C-10
Canton, N. C. 28716
Dear Ms. Ransmeier:
The enclosed permit is issued in accordance with G.S. 130-166.18.
Please read the permit conditions carefully.
If you have questions, please advise.
Sincerely,
. (S cklaV,e
Solid & Hazardous Waste Management Branch
Environmental Health Section
JGL:ct
Enclosure
cc: Jim Moore
Jim Smith
James B. Hunt, Jr. Sarah T. Morrow, M.D., M.P.H.
AM
STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA � DEPARTMENT OF HUMAN RESOURCES

PERMIT NO. 45-06
DATE ISSUED 3/28/84
STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTMENT OF HUMAN RESOURCES
Div.czion o� Health Senvica
P.O. Box 2091 Raleigh 27602
SOLID WASTE PERMIT
CHAMPION PAPERS is hereby issued a permit to
operate a SANITARY LANDFILL(No. 6 Areas A-G)
located ON S.R. 1550 & I-40 IN HAYWOOD COUNTY ,
in accordance with Article 13B of the General Statutes of North Carolina and all
rules promulgated thereunder and subject to the conditions set forth in this
permit. The facility is located on the below described property.
BEGINNING on a concrete right of way monument at the point of intersection of
the Southern right of way line of Interstate Highway 40, with the Southeastern
right of way line of the New Thickety Road, said concrete right of way monument
being located South 75 deg. 34 min. 14 sec. West 1683.01 feet from North Carolina
Geodetic Survey "Station Culvert" have Y coordinate of 677542.47 and an X
coordinate of 845996.22, said beginning point being further the Northwestern
corner of the "First Tract" described in a deed to Champion International
Corporation from Brantley M. Davis and wife, Gladys S. Davis, dated January 8,
1981, and recorded in Deed Book 321 at Page 158, in the Office of the Register
of Deeds for Haywood County; runs thence from the beginning point thus established
and with the Southern right of way line of Interstate Highway 40, 14 calls as
follows: North 79 deg. 12 min. East 561.62 feet to a concrete right of way
monument; North 25 deg. 06 min. East 36.88 feet to a concrete right of way
monument; North 79 deg. 34 min. East 1207.83 feet to a concrete right of way
monument; South38 deg. 31 min. East 56.18 feet to a concrete right of way
monument;North 79.deg. 30 min. East 268.26 feet to a concrete right of way
monument; North 78 deg. 40 min. East 204.43 feet to a concrete right of way
monument; North 76 deg. 18 min. East 309.93 f t to a///co cret rig of way
Al JZ6?-1
�i 0. W. Strickland, He,6d
Solid & Hazardous Waste Management
Branch
Environmental Health Section
DHS Form'2871 (Rev. 1/82)
Solid & Hazardous Waste Management Branch

PERMIT NO. 45-06
DATE ISSUED 3
SOLID WASTE PERMIT
Property Description (Continued):
monument; North 35 deg. 22 min. East 94.51 feet to a concrete right of way monument;
North 72 deg. 12 min. East 384.99 feet to a concrete right of way monument;
North 69 deg. 25 min. East 255.85 feet to a concrete right of way monument;
North 67 deg. 52 min. East 249.62 feet to a concrete right of way monument;
North 67 deg. 41 min. East 154.4.8 feet to a concrete right of way monument;
South 39 deg. 50 min. East 31.94 feet to a concrete right of way monument; and
on a curve to the right with a radius of 5579.58 feet, an arc distance of 461.78
feet to a concrete right of way monument delineating the intersection of the
Southern right of way line of Interstate Highway 40 and the Southern right of
way line of the New Thickety Road; thence with the Southern right of way line of
the New Thickety Road, six calls as follows: South 45 deg. 07 min. East 44.41
feet to an iron pipe; on a curve to the left with a radius of 285.69 feet, an arc
distance of 393.72 feet to a point; North 55 deg. 55 min. East 102.55 feet to a point;
North 8 deg. 0 min. West 22.27 feet to a point; North 55 deg. 55 min. East 190.14
feet to a point; and on a curve to the right with a radius of 642.29 feet, an arc
distance of 95.58 feet to a point on said right of way line; thence leaving the
Southern right of way line of the New Thickety Road and running with a hedgerow, the
line of the property claimed.by Carroll Smith, South 34 deg. 57 min. East 255.48
feet to a point; thence South 24 deg. 03 min. East, with a fence line and the line
of the Claude Smith property, 459.74 feet to an iron pipe at a fence corner; runs
thence South 3 deg. 42 min. West, generally with a fence and with the line of
Thurman R. Robinson, and passing an iron pipe at 1587.42 feet, 1610.42 feet to
the Northern margin of the Pigeon River; thence down the Pigeon River, ten calls
as follows: South 82 deg. 06 min. West 338.03 feet to a point on the North Bank
of the river, at the mouth of Sorrells Cove Branch; South 76 deg. 33 min. West 275.53
feet to an eight inch walnut on the North bank of the river; South 71 deg. 56 min.
West 1057.69 feet to an eight inch leaning willow on the North bank of the river,
where the channel of said river forks; South 59 deg. 45 min. West 77.79 feet to a
point on the South margin of an island in the river; South 74 deg. 54 min. West 221.50
feet to a point on the Southern margin of said island in the river; South 63 deg. 29
min. West 172.99 feet to a point on the Southern margin of said island in the river;
South 60 deg. 19 min. West 46.32 feet to a point on the South bank of said island in
the river; South 08 deg. 33 min. West 40 feet to a point in the center of the main
channel of the river; South 67 deg. 02 min. West 255.75 feet to a point in the main
channel of the river; and South 55 deg. 46 min. West 170 feet to a point in the
center of the main channel of the river; runs thence North 01 deg. 43 min. East 60
feet to a point on the Northern edge of the Pigeon River; thence with the North bank
of the Pigeon River, twelve calls as follows: South 57 deg. 32 min. West 168.50
feet to an eighteen inch.sycamore; South 43 deg. 22 min. West 354.67 feet to a
point; South 73 deg. 36 min. West 196.84feet to an eighteen inch sycamore; North
78 deg. 57 min. West 116.62 feet to a forked maple; South 85 deg. 37 min., West 50.33
DHS Form 2871 (Rev. 11/80)
Solid & Hazardous Waste Management Branch

PERMIT N0. 45-06
SOLID WASTE PERMIT
Property Description (Continued):
feet to a six inch forked bean tree; South 69 deg. 24 min. West 213.22 feet to a
twelve inch locust; South 78 deg. 47min. West 117.36 feet to a twelve inch sycamore;
North 88 deg. 45min. West 83.07 feet to an eight inch sycamore; North 83 deg. 14 min.
West 90.49feet to a ten inch sycamore; North 81 deg. 52 min. West 192.91 feet to a
twelve inch locust; South 89 deg. 16 min. West 142.72 feet to a twenty inch walnut;
and South 87 deg. 45 min. West 113.37feet to a point on the bank of said river, in
the Eastern boundary line of the property of George H. Cogburn, Jr.; runs thence with
the Eastern and Northeastern boundary line of the Cogburn property; three calls as
follows: North 02 deg. 24 min. East 1434.14 feet to an iron pipe in a fence stump
in a fence corner; North 33 deg. 04 min. West 752.69 feet to a point in a maple
stump; and, generally with a branch, South 41deg. 18 min. West 203.57 feet to an iron
pipe in the center of said branch at the Easternmost corner of a tract of land
conveyed by James L. Henderson and wife, to Casmer A. Belniak and wife, by deed dated
August 12, 1974, and recorded in Deed Book 270 at Page 423, Records of Haywood County;
runs thence with the Northern and Northwestern boundary line of the Belniak tract,
four calls as follows: North 60 deg. 29 min. West 337.85 feet to an iron pipe in the
center of a sixty foot private road right of way; North 60 deg. 03 min. West 57 feet
to ai iron pipe in the center of said private road right of way; South 29 deg. 47 min.
West 201.58 feet to a hub; and South 14 deg. 11 min. West 155.06 feet to a hub in a
fence line; thence leaving the Belniak line, and running North 66 deg. 04 min. West
288.55 feet to an iron pipe on the Southeastern right of way line of the New Thickety
Road: thence with said right of way, three calls as follows: on a curve to the left
with a radius of 755.94 feet, an arc distance of 206.87 feet to an iron pipe; on
another curve to the left with a radius of 465.63 feet, an arc distance of 258.76
feet to an iron pipe; and North 30 deg. East 83.72 feet to the place of BEGINNING,
according to a survey by Webb A. Morgan, R.L.S., containing 235.051 acres.
DHS Form 2871 (Rev. 11/80)
Solid & Hazardous Waste Management Branch

PERMIT NO.
DATE ISSUED 3/28/84
SOLID WASTE PERMIT
Conditions of Permit:
1. This permit may be subject to review at an administrative hearing
upon petition of anyone whose legal rights, privileges and duties
may have been affected by the issuance thereof.
2. This permit shall not be effective unless the certified copy is
filed in the register of deeds' office, in the grantor index under
the name of the owner of the land in the county or counties in which
the land is located. After recordation, the certified copy shall be
returned to the Solid & Hazardous Waste Management Branch and shall
have indicated on it the page and book number, date of recordation
and registrar's seal.
3. The following requirements shall be met prior to receiving solid
waste at the site:
a. Site preparation shall be in accordance with construction
plan.
b. Site inspection shall be made by a representative of the
Division of Health Services.
4. This solid waste disposal site is permitted to receive solid waste
as defined in 10 NCAC 10G, .0101(31), except that hazardous waste,
liquid waste and any other wastes that may pose a threat to the
environment or the public health are prohibited from disposal at
this site unless prior authorization is obtained from the Division
of Health Services.
5. This permit is for construction according to plans prepared by Law
Engineering Testing Co. dated January, 1983. Any modification or
deviation from the approved plans shall be approved by the N.C.
Solid and Hazardous Waste Management Branch.
6. Ground water monitoring wells are installed per the DHS monitoring
well standard.
DHS Form 2871 (Rev. 1/82)
Solid & Hazardous Waste Management Branch

PERMIT NO. 45-06
DATE ISSUED 3/28/84
SOLID WASTE PERMIT
Conditions of Permit:
7. The northwest corner of area E shall be limited to 50' south of the
existing stream unless the stream, jafter proper approval is
obtained, is relocated so that it is outside landfill construction
activity.
8. The groundwater and surface water sampling plan is adequate with the
exception of the following items:
1. Sampling frequency should be no less than annually.
2. Parameters to be evaluated are:
A. EPA Interim Primary Drinking Water Standards*
Arsenic
Barium
Cadmium
Chromium
Fluoride
Lead
Mercury
Nitrite (as N)
Selenium
Silver
*Maximum allowable concentrations can be found in the
May 19, 1980 Federal Register, Appendix III, page
33257.
B. Groundwater Quality Parameters*
Chloride
Iron
Manganese
Sulfate
Phenols
*Allowable concentrations based on 1962 Drinking Water
DHS Form 2871 (Rev. 1/82)Standards and background water quality data.
Solid & Hazardous Waste Management Branch

PERMIT N0. 45-06
DATE ISSUED 3/28/84
SOLID WASTE PERMIT
Conditions of Permit:
C. Groundwater Contamination Indicators*
pH
Specific conductance
Elevation of groundwater surface
Total organic carbon
Total organic halogen
Total dissolved solids
*Allowable concentrations determined by background
comparison, see Part 265.93(b) Appendix B.
DHS Form 2871 (Rev. 1/82)
Solid b Hazardous Waste Management Branch