24XX_CarolinaCompost_Applic-JonathanCox_2020

FACILITY APPLICATION FOR TYPE 4 SOLID WASTE COMPOSTING PERMI7 WHITEVILLE NORTH CAROLINA
APPLICATION NARRATIVE
Facility Application for Type 4 Solid. Waste
Composting Permit, Whiteville, North Carolina
Prepared for: Carolina Composting, LLC.
Prepared by: Leonhardt Environmental, PC
Date: December 26, 2019
Carolina Composting is herein requesting the issuance of a permit for a Type 4 Composting
Facility in Columbus County, North Carolina. If you have any questions regarding this
application, please contact Mr. Jonathan Cox at [phone] (office) or [phone]
(cell).
The following information is specifically attached as required for an application for a
permit to construct a proposed Large Type 4 solid waste compost facility:
An aerial photograph or scaled drawing showing the area within one-fourth of the mile
of the proposed site's boundaries with the following specifically identified:
Entire property owned or leased by the person proposing the site;
Location of all homes, wells, industrial buildings, public or private utilities and roads,
watercourses, dry runs, and other applicable information regarding the general
topography within one-fourth mile; and land use and zoning of the proposed site.
All requirements a r e shown on Figure 1 attached to this narrative.
A letter from the unit of government leaving zoning jurisdiction over the site which states
that the proposed use is allowed within the existing zoning, if any, and that any
necessary zoning approval or permit has been obtained.
Letter from Mrs. Samantha Alsup, Senior Planner of Columbus County is contained within
Appendix A of Application Narrative. A composting facility is an appropriate use of the
proposed site.
An explanation of how the site complies with siting and design standards in Rule
.1404 of this Section.
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FACILITY APPLICATION FOR TYPE 4 SOLID WASTE COMPOSTING PERMIT WHITEVILLE NORTH CAROLINA
All requirements of 15A NCAC 13B Section .1404 have been met. A visual
representation of these requirements is included in the drawing package.
• The site is not located within the 100-year floodplain.
• There is a distance of 220 feet to the closest property line (minimum requirement 100
feet).
• The distance to the closest resident is 750 feet (minimum requirement 500 feet).
• The distance to the closest well is 750 feet (minimum requirement of 100 feet).
• The distance from the closest perennial stream is 950 feet (minimum requirement 50
feet).
• Facility is located in accordance with 15A NCAC 2B .0200
• The site has met the surface water and groundwater requirements outlined in 15A
NCAC 13B .1404 (9) and (10).
Additional requirements net include the following:
• The site does not allow uncontrolled public access
• The site meets the requirements of the Sedimentation Pollution Control Law
• The site meets the requirements of the Air Pollution Control Requirements (15A
NCAC 2D) to minimize fugitive emissions and odors.
• The active composting pad is not located near the boundaries of the site which
minimizes odors at the property boundary.
• A detailed report indicating the following:
• Waste type(s), source and quantity of the solid waste to be composted, including
the source and expected quantity of any bulking agent or amendment (if
applicable), any expected recycle of bulking agent or compost, and any seasonal
variations in the solid waste type or quantity;
This information is contained within the design report. The current primary waste stream
includes:
Projected Primary Waste Stream includes:
• Shampoo, body wash mixed with wood flour
• Tank bottoms mixed with wood flour
• Wood waste (pallets and other wood debris)
• Ammonium Chloride mixed with wood flour
• Activated lime dust
• Bio Solids ( from local Wastewater treatment plants)
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FACILITY APPLICATION FOR TYPE 4 SOLID WASTE COMPOSTING PERMIT WHITEVILLE NORTH CAROLINA
Potential Waste Stream
• Non -Hazardous sludges mixed with wood flour
• Petroleum contact waters );nixed
• Food waste
• Carbon black
• Waste treatment residuals
• Yard waste
• Paper
• Manure bedding
• Peptone
Site plans at a scale where one inch is less than or equal to tOO feet to the inch that
delineates the following:
• Existing and proposed contours, at intervals appropriate to the
topography;
• Location and elevations of dikes, trenches, and other water control devices
and structures for the diversion and controlled removal of surface water;
• Designated setbacks, buffer zones and property lines;
• Access roads;
• Areas for unloading, processing, active co>Inposting, curing, and storage of
material;
Flood plains and wetlands and benchmarks,
A visual representation of these requirements is included in Appendix B.
A description of the operation of the facility, which must include at a minimum:
• Name, address, and phone number for the person responsible for the operation of the
facility;
Person responsible for operation of facility is;
Carolina Composting, LLC
William Clark
P.O. Box 1981
Whiteville, North Carolina 28472
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FACILITY APPLICATION FOR TYPE 4 SOLID WASTE COMPOSTING PERMIT WHITEV[LLE NORTH CAROLINA
Email:cox a coastalfirstre.com
Office '� (9 ) 234-1407
Fax # [phone]
The landowner of the site is Kyle Cox.
The facility is owned by Carolina Composting, LLC.
Jonathan Cox is the person responsible for receiving fee invoices.
Until this time, the site has existed as undeveloped land.
Operation Plan for the facility;
See operations plan for high level procedures and operations manual for detailed procedures.
• List of personnel required and the responsibilities of each position;
Jonathan Cox - Facility Manager
William Clark -- Operations Manager
All personnel are required to attend the Carolina Composting facility's annual in-house
training program. The program covers the importance of maintenance; how to carry out a
walk around inspection; how to perform maintenance checks and inspections to identify
potential problems and safety procedures. To ensure the safety of the public when on site,
quarterly traffic flow meetings are also required.
All personnel are required to complete 6 hours of continuing education through a certified
compost program.
A schedule for operation, including days and hours that the facility will be open,
preparations before opening, and procedures to be followed after closing for the day;
The normal hours are:
Monday through Friday
Saturday
Sunday
8:00 A.M. until 5:00 P.M.
8:OOA.M. until Noon, Saturday
Closed
Preparations before opening will include visually inspect facility and daily preventative
maintenance of all equipnhent prior to use. Closing procedures will include malting sure
all windrow data has been properly recorded and any unblended or raw material is
properly covered/stored to prevent any adverse environmental effects.
• For mixed waste processing facilities, a plan for removing and disposal of
household hazardous waste from the waste stream;
All household hazardous waste will be identified, stockpiled and disposed of
properly.
• Special precautions or procedures for operating during wind, heavy rain,
snow, freezing or other adverse conditions;
When wind becomes greater than 25 miles an hour the facility will be closed to dumping to
all dry material that may create problem dust. During periods of heavy rain windrows
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FACILITY APPLICATION FOR TYPE A SOLID WASTE COMPOSTING PERMIT WHITEVILLE NORTH CAROLINA
will not be turned to allow the external fori.ned shell to shed water. Unblended or raw
materials will be berined to help prevent excessive runoff during periods of heavy rain.
During snow events snow will be plowed outside of the leachate control area. Snow on
the windrows will be incorporated with the windrow turner.
Odor and vectors at the site are monitored daily and controlled by proper site sanitation
and following established composting procedures. Background information on all
raw feedstocks will be assessed prior to shipment to the Carolina Composting facility
in order to help minimize vectors and odors. Feed stocks with excessive dryness will be
mixed with excess leachate water to help control airborne particulates. Leachate will
only be applied prior to the beginning of PFRP requirements. Water will be applied to
help control airborne particulates in active windrows. The location of our composting
pad is situated on the property in an area that will facilitate the reduction in noise,
airborne particulates, and odors from leaving the core area.
• A description of actions to be taken to minimize noise, vectors, airborne particles, and odors;
Through limiting the hours of operations, the time of day when windrow turning occurs based
on weather conditions and cloud inversion, along with covering raw feedstocks that are
putrescible with inorganic material noise, vectors, air borne particulates and odors will be
minimized.
® A description of the ultimate use for the finished compost, method for removal from the site,
and a contingency plan for disposal or alternative usage of residues Or finished compost that
cannot be used in the expected manner due to poor quality or change in market conditions.
All compost produced at the Carolina Composting facility is not marketed. Instead, it is
retained onsite and reapplied. Finished compost that cannot be used in tile expected manner
due to poor quality or change in market conditions will be land applied.
• A report on the design of the facility, including;
• Design capacity of the facility;
• A process flow diagram of the entire facility, including the type, size, and
location of all major equipment, and feed stock flow streams. The flow streams
shall indicate the quantity of material on a wet weight and volumetric basis;
• A description and sizing of the storage facilities for amendment, bulking agent,
solid waste, recyclables, household hazardous waste and finished compost;
• The means for measuring, shredding, mixing, and proportioning input
materials;
• Anticipated process duration, including receiving, preparation, composting,
curing, and distribution;
• The separation, processing, storage, and ultimate disposal of non-compostable
materials, if applicable;
• A d e s c r i p t i o n o f t h e location of all temperature, air and any other type of
monitoring points, and the frequency of monitoring;

FACILITY APPLICATION FOR TYPE 4 SOLID WASTE COMPOSTING PERMIT W HITEVILLE NORTH CAROLINA
• A description of how the temperature control and monitoring equipment will
demonstrate that the facility meets the requirements in Rule .1406 Items (10),
(11), or (12) of this Section, as appropriate for the feedstock;
• The method of aeration, including turning frequency or mechanical aeration
equipment and aeration capacity;
• A description of the air emission and control technologies;
• A description of the method to control surface water run-off; and the method to
control, collect, treat, and dispose of leachate generated; and
• A description of any recycling or other material handling processes used at the
facility. All items are addressed in the Design Report and Operations Manual.
• A description of the label or other information source that meets the requirements of
Rule .1407(k) of this Section.
• An information sheet accompanies the product that contains the classification grade,
recommended uses, application rates, restrictions on usage and Total N.
• Engineering plans and specifications for the facility, including performance data for
all equipment selected.
• Information contained within the design drawing package and operations manual.
• The following information is required for reviewing an application for a permit
to operate a Type 4 or Large Type 2 or 3 solid waste composting facility:
• Contingency plans detailing corrective or remedial action to be taken in the event of
equipment breakdown; air pollution; non -conforming waste delivered to the facility;
spills, and undesirable conditions such as fires, particulates, noise, vectors, odors, and
unusual traffic conditions;
Details provided in the Operation manual.
PROBLEM
CORRECTIVE ACTION
Compost pile temperatures too high
I . Mix more frequently.
(>70 degrees)
2. Poor Air flow through pile. Poor mixing would
most likely cause this. Check moisture content and
teardown pile and rernix, if needed.
Compost pile temperatures too low
l . Insufficient arnount of new bulking agent; remove
pile, re -mix and replace.
Blinding/clogging of screen
l . Solids content too low; pile material in drying
space and aerate until solids content is >55 percent.
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FACILITY APPLICATION FOR TYPE 4 SOLID WASTE COMPOSTING PERMIT. W HITEVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA
Odors coming from paved area
1. Possible ponding of leachate around debris; clean
paved surface.
2. Possible collection of debris in catch basins;
remove and clean catch basin debris.
Rain run-off ponding around catch
1. Possible ponding may occur during periods of
basins
short -duration, heavy rain; however, if this
remains, check catch basins for clogging debris.
Blowing dust
1. Clean area around screen.
2. If coming from finished compost stockpiles, wet
piles.
Equipment breakdown
1) All preventative maintenance, minor repair, and
replacement of ware parts will be done on site by
our personnel. Rental equipment will be obtained
if necessary.
2) All major repairs will be done by a certified service
technician.
Fire
1) Use fire extinguisher on -site.
2) Contact local fire department.
Unusual traffic conditions
1) Modify schedule of operation to avoid.
A detailed operation and maintenance manual. The manual must contain general
design information, a discussion of compliance with operational requirements as
outlined in Rule .140b of this Section, detailed operational information and instruction,
equipment maintenance, list of personnel, required personnel training, outline of
reports to be submitted in compliance with this Section, and safety instructions;
Details provided in the operation manual.
• A quality assurance plan for the process and final product which lists the procedures
used in inspecting incoming materials; monitoring, sampling and analyzing the
compost process and final product, testing schedule, and record keeping requirements;
Details provided in chapter seven of the operational manual.
• A fact sheet and process flow diagram that summarizes actual equipment sizing,
aeration capacity, detention times, storage capacity, and flow rates (wet weight and
volumetric) for the system and equipment chosen;
Details provided in the design manual.
• As -built drawings;
Provided in Appendix B
• Calculations
This product will not be marketed or distributed to any other entities. The product will
be re -applied on site.

FACILITY APPLICATION FOR TYPE 4 SOLID WASTE COMPOSTING PERMIT WHITEVILLE NORTH CAROLINA
GENERAL
Prior to distribution of the compost product, several key regulatory and quality control
parameters must be met during the composting process. Records containing the
information required to show these parameters have been met must be met during the
composting process. Records containing the information required to show these
parameters have Y of compost in any 24-hour period must be kept at the facility. This
information should also include the date and quantity of compost distributed and the
intended use. A flyer or information sheet with a description of the product and
recommended usages must be available at the point of distribution.
In order to be considered safe for distribution, the compost product must fulfill the
following criteria:
The compost product must have been brought to a minimum temperature of 55 degrees C (131-
degree F) for fifteen (15) consecutive days in order to fulfill the requirements ofUSEPA
biosolids stabilization process to further reduce pathogens (PFRP) or Class I according to 15A
NCAC 13B .140.
The compost product must have been brought to a minimum average temperature of 113
degrees F (45degrees C), with no readings below 104degrees F (40 degrees C), for 14 days to
fulfill the requirements of USEPA vector attraction reduction (VAR) requirements.
Monitoring of the compost product for pH, percent total solids, nutrients, and heavy metals
concentrations must be done on a regular basis with data available for state inspection at any
time.
CONTROL QUALITY
Compost quality is measured by the following criteria. These are:
• Moisture content
• Nutrient content
• Particle size distribution
• Stability
• Concentration of trace elements and heavy metals
• Product consistency over time
• Pathogens
• pH
• Soluble salts
• Water holding capacity
• Bulk density
• Organic )matter content

FACILITY APPLICATION FOR TYPE 4 SOL10 WASTE COMPOSTING PERMIT WHITEVILLE NORTH CAROLINA
MOISTURE CONTENT
The moisture content of the compost product is affected by drying during the composting
process and storage method; covered storage can prevent moisture addition by rainfall. The
product must be dry enough to allow handling with conventional loading, hauling and
spreading equipment/methods. The SS % TS criterion for efficient screening also provides a
dry enough product to meet these needs. Care must also be taken not to over -dry the product as
well. When compost is too dry, it will generate dust when handled, and it is difficult to re -wet.
NUTRIENT CONTENT
The nutrient content of compost is also a quality component. The major plant nutrients
supplied by compost are nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium (N-P-K). Most minor plant nutrients
are also contained in compost, and these also contribute to its quality and value. The level of
nutrients in compost is controlled by the chemical composition of the input biosolids, the
bulking agent used, and the extent to which the bulking agent is contained in the final screened
product. Thus, the way in which operators can this quality parameter is to assure efficient
screening and minimum carryover of the bulking agent into the compost product. The content
of these nutrients should be known to allow end users to make correct decisions regarding the
addition of supplemental nutrition.
Particle Size
This quality parameter is primarily a function of the screen size used. Different end -
users of compost will have different requirements as far as particle size distribution
of the compost. The most demanding user in this regard will be horticulturists who will
use the material in potting mixtures, or landscapers who will use it in turf topdressing
Those who will incorporate the compost into the soils, e.g. landscapers, field crop
growers, will have less stringent requirements. End users can identify the
requirements for particle size. A 3/8-inch screen size is the most common size in
biosolids composting facilities and has shown to provide a good quality, versatile
compost suitable for several users. If a potentially large user in the area requires a
different screen size, the screens can be interchanged.
Stability
The term stability, as used here, is defined as a product that will not undergo rapid
decomposition or produce nuisance odors when applied by users. Unstable compost
consumes nitrogen and oxygen in significant quantities to support biological activity,
which generates significant heat, carbon dioxide, and water vapor. Stable compost
consumes almost no nitrogen and oxygen and generates almost no carbon dioxide or heat.
Unstable compost demands nitrogen and can cause nitrogen deficiency in soils and be
detrimental to undergo the prescribed composting and curing, there should be no
problem in achieving a stable product. Critical to achieving stability is assuring that a
minimum of 30 days curing provided.
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FACILITY APPLICATION FOR TYPE 4 SOLID WASTE COMPOSTING PERMIT WHITEVILLE NORTH CAROLINA
Concentration of Trace Elements and Heavy Metals
The content of undesirable elements in compost, such as heavy metals and certain organic
substances will be a direct result of the levels of these elements in the input biosolids and, to a
lesser extent, the bulking agents. Many of the contaminants, referred to as heavy metals, are
actually needed by plants for normal growth. Therefore, measuring the concentration of these
elements will provide valuable management data relevant to the fertilizer requirements of
plants, and subsequent fertilizer application rates. Also, certain heavy metals can be
phytotoxic to plants in
S

FACILITY APPLICATION FOR TYPE 4 SOLID WASTE COMPOSTING PERMIT WHITEVILLE NORTH CAROLINA
Bulk Density
Bulls density is used to convert compost application rates from tonnage to cubic yards.
Bulk density is also used to determine the volurue of compost that may be transported
at a given time, taking into consideration that most vehicles have a specified
maximum gross weight limit. It may also affect other handling issues such as front-
end loader size and bucket capacity. Bulk density is greatly influenced by the
moisture content of the compost.
Organic Matter Content
Organic shatter content is the measure of carbon -based materials in compost. Being
aware of a product's organic matter content is necessary for determining
compost application rates for specific situations such as soil incorporation
and topsoil production, and it is used as a means to measure the value of some
products. State Departments of Transportation (DOT) include organic matter content
in their specifications.
Product Consistency over Time
This quality parameter is one of the most important to end users. hi order to
incorporate compost into their operating practices, users must be certain that,
within narrow limits, each batch of material has the same properties. Without
product consistency, end users cannot be assured of consistent field results. The
operators must work toward the production of a consistent product, which is vital to
the long-- term success of the distribution program.

FACILITY APPLICATION FOR TYPE 4 SOLID WASTE COMPOSTING PERMIT WHITEVILLf NORTH CAROLINA
Appendix A_
12

FACILITY APPLICATION FOR TYPE A SOLID WASTE COMPOSTING PERMIT, W HITEVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA
13

FACILITY APPLICATION FOR TYPE 4 SOLID WASTE COMPOSTING PERMIT, WHITEVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA
14

FACILITY APPLICATION FOR TYPE 4 SOLID WASTE COMPOSTING PERMIT WHi7MUE NORTH CAROLINA
SECTION I
The Carolina Composting facility located in Whiteville, North Carolina is designed to
process approximately 32,160 tons/year of feedstock for composting. At present time a
barn located on the properly will serve as the service building for the facility. Analytical
Results regarding the feedstocks can be found in Appendix A. These calculations can
be found in Appendix B. If feedstock materials are changed, the production
numbers would change based on the bulk density of the feedstock materials.
The equipment maintained on site includes:
uinment
Loader
1
1 Truck- 17 cubic yard bed
Scales
15

FACILITY APPLICATION FOR TYPE 4 SOLID WASTE COMPOSTING PERMIT WHITEVILLE NORTH CAROLINA
SECTION 2
Process Flow Diagram
Inspection &
a a Contaminant
Waste &Bulking Agent Removal
437 cy/day
95 cylday
532 cylday
Recycled
Screening
-I 221 cylday ; - rl -
21 cylday
Finished Compost
& Storage
FIGURE 2.1
Process Flow Diagram
(Based on 5 Days per Week Daily Design Volumes)
To. Market
16

FACILITY APPLICATION FOR TYPE 4 SOLID WASTE COMPOSTING PFRMIT WHITEVILLE NORTH CAROLINA
SECTION 3
Shredding, Mixing, and Proportioning of Inpw'_i
Waterials
A barn located on the property of the Carolina Composting's site provides storage for pallets and
similar bulking agents received. A storage area is approximately 5 acres and provides up to 340
days storage of bullring material. Appendix C contains the analytical results for various
feedstocks and finished products.
3.1 Shampoo/body wash
Approximately 700 tons of Shampoo/body wash will be transported to the Carolina Composting
site on a monthly basis.
3.2 Biosolids
Dewatered, stabilized biosolids from the local wastewater treatment facilities are transported to
the Carolina Composting site. The biosolids design criteria are summarized as follows in Table
3-2,
Table 3-2
Biosolids Design Criteria Summary
Item
Quantity
Annual Tonnage of Biosolids Cake
Approx. 1200
Daily Tonnage, TPD, 5-Day-per-Week Basis
Approx, 5
Annual Tonnage, Dry -Tons per -Year
Approx.984
Daily Tonnage, DTPD, 5-Day-per—Week Basis
Approx. 5
Solids Content, Percent Total Solids
18
Bulk Density, pounds per cubic feet
1465
3.3 Bulking Agent/Pallets/Yard Waste/Manure bedding
Waste from various agricultural operations is used as a bulking material at the Carolina
Composting facility site. The quantities and types available are summarized in Table 3.
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FACILITY APPLICATION FOR TYPE 4 SOLIO WASTE COMPOSTING PERMIT WHITEVILLE NORTH CAROLINA
Table 3-3
Quantities of Bulking Materials Available
Item
Quantity
Annual wood waste quantity (pallets, etc.)
2400 Tons
Annual yard debris quantity requiring grinding
240 Tons
Paper
120 Tons
Total bulking agent available, average
3640 Tons
18

FACILITY APPLICATION FOR TYPE 4 SOLID WASTE COMPOSTING PERMIT WHITEVILLE NORTH CAROLINA
Current Primary Waste Stream.
Volume per month
Ammonium Chloride mixed with wood flour
400 tons/nio.
Shampoo, body wash mixed with wood flour
700 tons/nio.
Non -hazardous sludges mixed with wood flour
160 tonshno.
Petroleum contact waters mixed
160 tonshno.
Tank bottoms mixed with wood flout•
640 tons/mo.
Food waste
10 tons/mo.
Carbon black
10 tons/mo.
Activated lime dust
200 tons/mo.
Wood waste (pallets, etc.)
200 tonshno.
Waste treatment residuals
20 tons/mo.
Yard waste
20 tons/mo.
Paper
10 tons/mo.
Manure bedding
10 tons/mo.
Peptone
20 tons/mo.
Bio Solids (local Wastewater Treatment Plants)
100 tons/mo.
19

FACILITY APPLICATION FOR TYPE 4 SOLIa WASTE COMPOSTING PERMIT WHITEVILLE NORTH CAROLINA
3.4 Recycle
The finished compost is screened through 3/8-inch screens depending upon the intended
usage. Material retained by the screen (overs) is recycled back into the compost mix.
20

FACILITY APPLICATION FOR TYPE 4 SOLID WASTE COMPOSTING PFRMIT WHITEVILLE NORTH CAROLINA
SECTION 4
Process Duration
Biosolids received is processed as soon as possible after receiving. It is anticipated
that active composting will occur for 28 days. The maturation and storage
duration will be between 30 and 90 days depending upon demands.
PA

FACILITY APPLICATION FOR TYPE 4 SOLID WAS7E COMPOSTING PERMIT, WHITEVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA
SECTION 5
Monitoring
Temperatures in the piles are monitored during daily operation. Temperatures
are monitored using portable thermometers (i.e, no in -line or continuous monitoring).
Daily operating parameters are recorded in the logbooks.
The logb o o k s will record the day the windrow was built, daily temperatures, and
turning events. The logb o o k s will be used to show that the windrows -maintained
temperatures of 131 degrees or greater for at least 15 days during which the windrows
were turned multiple times.
22

FACILITY APPLICATION FOR TYPE 4 SOLIDWASTE COMPOSTING PERMIT WHITEVILLE NORTHCAROLINA
SECTION 6
Aeration Method
The composting process used at the Carolina Co>nposting facility is windrow
composting. Aeration is achieved through using the proper proportion of bulking
agent to compost materials and through windrow turning. Windrows are turned
during the active composting phase.
23

FACILITY APPLICATION FOR TYPE 4 SOLID WASTE COMPOSTING PERMIT WHITEVILLE NORTH CAROLINA
SECTION 7
Air Emissions and Control 'Technologies
When wind becomes greater than 25 miles an hour the facility will be closed to dumping
to all dry material that may create problem dust. During periods of heavy rain
windrows will not be turned to allow the external formed shell to shed water.
Unblended or raw materials will be bernied to help prevent excessive runoff during
periods of heavy rain. During snow events snow will be plowed outside of the leacbate
control area.
Odor and vectors at the site are monitored daily and controlled by proper• site sanitation and
following established composting procedures. Background information on all raw feedstocks
will be assessed prior to shipment to the Carolina Composting facility in order
to help minimize vectors and odors. Feedstock materials with excessive dryness will be
mixed with excess leachate water to help control airborne particulates. Leachate will only be
applied prior to the beginning of PFRP requirernents. Water will be applied to help control
airborne particulates in active windrows. The location of our cornposting pad is situated in a
natural pine tree buffer. This buffer- will help facilitate the reduction in noise, airborne
particulates, and odors fronn leaving the core area.
24

FACILITY APPLICATION FOR TYPE 4 SOLID WASTE COMPOSTING PERMIT WHITEVILLE NORTH CAROLINA
SECTION S
Surface Water Control
Operating under the memorandum of agreernent for permitting of composting and mulching
facilities, a non -discharge design has been prepared. This design allows for onsite storage of runoff
from all active parts of the composting process, including unloading and processing areas of
biosolids and active compost areas. Curing and storage areas do not contain stormwater ponds.
Collected stormwater and leachate is recycled in the composting process prior to the
beginning of PFRP requirements, land applied, or pumped and treated to maintain a minimum of 2
feet of freeboard at all times, and ensure enough volume is available in the basin to capture runoff
from the 25 year, 24 hour storm.
25

FACILITY APPLICATION FOR TYPE 4 SOLID WASTE COMPOSTING PERMIT WHITEVILLE NORTH CAROLINA
SECTION9
General Design Criteria
The materials balance is necessary to define the equipment size, space requirements,
materials handling, and manpower needs for the composting facility. There is
variability according to the feedstock materials available.
9.1 General Design Criteria
Table 9-2 indicates the sizing and storage capacity at the Carolina Composting facility.
Table 9-3 presents the capacity of the facility. Detailed calculations can be found in
Appendix B. Solids and density information for the biosolids, bullring agents, initial mix
and finished compost are based on the results from samples taken by Carolina
Composting. Operating days are assumed to be 5 days per -week in the design criteria and
the materials balance.
TABLE 9-2
General Design Information
Process Area (ydzPile height (ft)
Unloading and Processing
40.000
8
Biosolids
1,620
5
Active Composting
5,868
8
Maturation and Storage
28,960
12
TABLE 9-3
Facility Capacity (Approx.)
Process Volume (CYlday) Bulk Density (lb/CY) Tons/yr.
Active Composting 129 790 32,160
Maturation and Storage 116 950 28960
Finished Compost 104 950 26074
Wt

FACILITY APPLICATION FOR TYPE 4 SOLID WASTE COMPOSTING PERMtT WHITEVILLE NORTH CAROLINA
No chemical analyses have been performed.
Appendix A
Analytical Results
27

FACILITY APPLICATION FOR TYPE 4 SOLID WASTE COMPOSTING PERMIT W HITEVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA
Appendix
Calculations
28

FACILITY APPLICATIONAPPL[CATION FOR TYPE 4 SOLID WASTE COMPOSTING PERMIT, WHITEVILLE-NORTHCAROLINA
Volume and Throughput Calculations
I q'I t!A tLA
�.A
I LQ
yy
29

FACILITY APPLICATION FOR TYPE 4 SOLID WASTE COMPOSTING PERMIT W HITEVILLE NORTH CAROLINA
Operation Plan
The normal hours of operation are S:OOAM to 5:OOPM, Monday through Friday and
8:00 AM to 12:00 AM Saturday. Company employees will have unlimited access to
the facility when scheduled activities dictate. The facility will be locked at all other
times.
Pre -
Open
Preparations before opening will visually inspect facility and daily preventative
maintenance of all equipment prior to use. Any issues found that might create
poor compost, fugitive dust, offensive odors, runoff or any noncompliance
issues will be addressed immediately. Minute equipment problems will be fixed on
site as soon as possible. Major problems will be scheduled for outside repair as soon
as possible. Equipment with problems deemed unsafe to operate will be shut down
until repairs are made. Facility safety is paramount. If the facility conditions are
deemed unsafe by staff, the site will be closed to all activities.
Equipment and Training
All preventative maintenance, minor repair, and replacement of worn parts will be done
on site by personnel or at local repair shops.
All major repairs will be done by a certified service technician.
All equipment will have an inspection record and a maintenance record to ensure all
required periodic inspections and preventive maintenance services ate completed.
These records will be reviewed on a monthly basis.
All personnel are required to attend the annual in-house training program. The Carolina
Composting program covers the importance of maintenance; how to carry out a
walk around inspection; how to perform maintenance checks and inspections to
identify potential problems and safety procedures. To ensure the safety of the public
when on site, quarterly traffic flow meetings ate also required.
All personnel ate required to complete 6 hours of continuing education through a
certified compost program.
30

FACILITY APPLICATION FOR TYPE 4 SOLID WASTE COMPOSTING PERMIT WHITEVILLE NORTH CAROLINA
Material Handling
Incoming materials are deposited at designated areas and stockpiled within the
corupost yard until rows are built.
1. Determine the volume of biosolids to be mixed. This is estimated from the
volume of the FEL bucket and the number of buckets to be mixed at one time,
typically one (1) to two (2).
2. Check and log solids content for the biosolids. This information should be
provided by the staff of the dewatering operations at the WWTP.
3. Determine the volumetrie mix ratio of each constituent using the mix
solids calculation sheet in Appendix A in the Design Report and the bulk density
of the constituents as estimated in the materials balance or measured in the field.
4. Using the FEL place a bed of one (1) of the bulking agents one (1) to two (2)
feet high and approximately one (1) FEL bucket width wide.
5. Place biosolids on top of the bulking agent bed with the FEL.
6. Place the remainder of the needed bulking agent over the top of the biosolids.
7. Pick up and drop the constituents several times with the FEL bucket.
S. Continue mixing until a thorough blend is achieved. The row should be turned
from 3 to 5 times to help thoroughly blend the different feedstocks.
9. Visually inspect the mix for thorough blending. A good mix will be uniform in
color, have all the bulking agent coated with biosolids and should have no
balls or clumps larger than 4" in diameter.
10. Place the mixture into the compost pile and repeat the process. A front-end
loader is used to build approximately two rows each week depending on the
volume of incoming material. The row is turned 3 to 5 times to help
thoroughly blend the different feedstocks and initiate the compost process.

FACILITY APPLICATION FOR TYPE 4 SOLID WASTE COMPOSTING PERMiT WHITEVILLE NOR7H CAROLINA
Windrow temperatures, moisture levels and weather conditions are monitored and
recorded daily. These criteria help establish when subsequent turnings will occur.
These records will ensure that compliance with PFRP, which is a minimum
temperature of 131F for 15 days, turned 5 times, is completed. After these
requirements are met, windrows are turned periodically to help maintain
temperatures. When a compost test fails to meet Federal pathogen and vector
requirements (40 CFR), which imposes a potential threat to the public health and
the environment, the facility shall report the failed testing result to the division
within 72 hours after receiving the testing result(s). Distribution of the compost
products must stop until a further test confirms that the batch of re -composted
products have met the federal safety standard. As space is needed or when the
active composting is finished, rows are moved from the asphalt pads to the clay
pad for further curing. Screened compost volumes will be determined by the end
use demand. Agricultural land application will sometimes be done immediately after
composting is completed without screening. When wind becomes greater than 25
miles an hour the facility will be closed to durnping to all dry material that may
create problem dust. During periods of heavy rain windrows will not be turned to
allow the external formed shell to shed water. Unblended or raw materials will be
bermed to help prevent excessive runoff during periods of heavy rain. During snow
events snow will be plowed outside of the leachate control area. Odor and vectors at
the site are monitored daily and controlled by proper site sanitation and following
established composting procedures. Background information on all raw
feedstocks will be assessed prior to shipment to the Carolina Composting facility in
order to help minimize vectors odors. Feedstocks with excessive dryness will be
mixed with excess leachate water to help control airborne particulates. Leachate will
only be applied prior to the beginning of PFRP requirements. Water will be applied
to help control airborne particulates in active windrows. The location of our pad is
situated in a natural pine buffer. This buffer will help facilitate the reduction in noise,
airborne particulates, and odors leaving the core area.
Feedstocks
Incoming feedstocks are recorded by volume (cubic yard) and by weight (tons).
Food -by- products, industrial waste, agribusiness' waste, municipals wastewater
treatment plant and water treatment plant residuals, pallets, will all be recorded in
tons. Carbon material used for bulking agents will be recorded as cubic yards.
Shampoo, body wash mixed with wood flour and tank bottoms mixed with flour are
the main feedstocks. Other feedstocks are added based on availability and ratios
to ensure proper composting within each windrow. Feedstocks are delivered and
stored in the raw product storage area of the pad.
32

FACILITY APPLICATION FOR TYPE 4 SOLID WASTE COMPOSTING PERMIT WHITEVILLE NORTH CAROLINA
Active Composting - Windrows
Windrows are constructed from the SW to side of the asphalt pad. Temperatures are taken
daily at 4 places along the windrow with a Res -temp thermometer. Moisture will be
checked as needed by the squeegee test. Each row position is numbered one thru eleven.
Subsequent rows built in a position will receive a letter footnote (1, 1A, 1B, etc.) This
identification will help with sampling and testing results.
Maturation and Storage- Finished Product
Screening may occur prior to placement in finished product storage area. Curing will
occur for an additional 30 to 90 days.
Delivery and Distribution
All waste materials will be delivered by Carolina Composting personnel. Any deliveries
made other than Carolina Composting employees will be scheduled through the Controller.
Likewise, all distribution actives are monitored compost personnel. Finished compost will
be transported in clean trucks and loaded with a dedicated wheel loader to help prevent
cross contamination. Some compost destined land application will be hauled off site in
spreaders. There will be no unauthorized dumping of any material at any time.
Testing
Compost samples of furnished compost products are periodically tested for nutrients
availability. Based on the permit requirements a complete compost analysis is done by a
certified lab at the required frequency.
Safety
All safety procedures outlined in the operations manual must be followed. The following
personal hygiene recommendations are stressed as common practices to all compost facility
employees.
• Wash hands before eating, drinking, or smoking.
• Food should not be eaten or stored near biosolids. Do not drink from plant hoses.
• if heavily contacted with biosolids, invrrediately take a hot shower and put on clean
clothing. The supervisor should be notified.
• It is recommended that showers be taken each day and hair be washed prior to
leaving the plant site.
• All employees working at the compost facility must wear protective clothing, i.e.
uniforms and/ or coveralls, and safety shoes.
• Change from protective clothing to street clothing at the end of each day. Soiled,
protective clothing should not leave the premises.
• Goggles, dust masks, and hard hats must be available and should be worn by
employees working in the mixing and screening areas.
Wash, disinfect, and bandage ANY cut, no matter how small. Any break in the skin
can become a source of infection. Change bandages frequently and wear protective
clothing over the wound.
• Keep fingernails closely trimmed and clean (dirty nails can harbor pathogens).
33

FACILITY APPLICATION FOR TYPE 4 SOLID WASTE COMPOSTING PERMIT WHITEVILLE NORTH CAROLINA
Corrective
Action
PROBLEM
CORRECTIVE ACTION
Compost pile temperatures
1.
Mix snore frequently.
too high (>70'C)
2.
Poor air flow through pile. Poor mixing would most likely cause
this. Check moisture content and teardown pile and remix, if
needed.
Compost pile temperatures
1.
Insufficient amount of new bulking agent; remove pile, re -mix and
too low
replace.
Blinding/clogging of screen
1.
Solids content too low; pile material in drying space and aerate until
solids content is >55 percent.
Odors coming from paved
1.
Possible ponding of leachate around debris; clean paved surface.
area
2.
Possible collection of debris in catch basins; remove and clean catch
basin debris.
Rain run-off ponding around
1.
Possible ponding may occur during periods of short -duration, heavy
catch basins
rain; however, if this remains, check catch basins for clogging
debris.
Blowing dust
1.
Clean area around screen.
2,
if coming from finished compost stockpiles, wet piles.
Equipment Breakdown
1.
All preventative Rnaintenance, minor repair, and replacement
of ware parts will be done on site by our personnel.
2.
Rental equipment will be obtained if necessary.
3.
All major repairs will be done by a certified service technician.
Fire
1.
Use fire extinguisher on -site.
2. Contact local fire department.
Unusual traffic conditions
1.
Modify schedule of operation to avoid.
34

FACILITY APPLICATION FOR TYPE 4 SOLfd WASTE COMP0571NG PERMIT WHITEVILLE NORTH CAROLINA
Carolina Composting
Operations & Maintenance Plan
35

FACILITY APPLICATION FOR TYPE 4 SOLID WASTE COMPOSTING PERMIT, WHITEVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section1- Introduction..................................................................................... ...................38
Section 2 - Composting Process................................................................... ......41
2.1 Introduction........................................................................................................................................41
2.2 Material Balance...................................................................................................................................... 42
2.3 Solids Content.....................................................................................................
.......45
2.4 Process Flow Diagram............................................................................................................................46
2.5 Teniperature........................................................................................................................................48
2.6 Oxygen Content..................................................................................................................................
49
2.7 Carbon to Nitrogen Ratio (C:N).....................................................................................................
Section 3- Materials Handling and Mixing Procedures..................................................................
51
3.1 Introduction..................................................................................................................................51
3.2 Shampoo/Body wash................................................................................................
5
3.3 Biosolids Receiving..............................................................................................
51
3.4 Bulking Agent Storage............................................................................................................................51
3.5 Mixing.....................................................................................................................................52
3.5.1 Mix Solids Content............................................................................................................52
3.5.2 Mixing Process Description...........................................................................................................
53
3.5.3 Mixing Methods- Manual Mixing with Front End...................................................53
Section4-Conlposting............................................................................................................................55
4.1 Introduction........................................................................................................................................55
4.2 Compost Pile Building....................................................................................... ................................
.....55
4.3 Turning..................................................................................................................................
55
4.4 Pile Monitoring & Data Recording..................................................................................................
55
4.5 Maturation and Storage...........................................................................................................
.. 56
Section 5- Screening Procedures......................................................................................................... 57
Section 6 -Maturation and Storage..................................................................................................... 58
6.1 Introduction..................................................................................................................................59
6.2 Maturation and Storage Pile Building... .............................................................. ........................... 58
Section 7- Sampling, Testing and Record Keeping for Quality Assurance...................................59
7.1 General..................................................................................................................................59
7.2 Sampling and Testing Schedule...........................................................................................................59
7.3 Grab Sampling............................................................................................................. ...60
........................
7.3.1 Grab Sample Definition........................................................................................................................60
7.3.2Grab Sampling Procedure... ........................................................................................ ................... 60
36

FACILITY APPLICATION FOR TYPE 4 SOUP WASTE COMPOSTING PERMIT WFIITEVILLE NORTH CAROLINA
7.4 Composite Sampling.......................................................................................................................... 61
7.4.1 Composite Definition.......................................................................................................................61
7.4.2 Composite Sampling Procedure....................................................................................................... 61
7.5 Sample Testing Procedures............................................................................................................... 61
7.5.1 Transfer of Samples.................................................................................................................... 61
7.5.2 Total Solids Content.................................................................................................................... 61
7.5.3 Volatile Solids Content.................................................................................................................... 62
7.5.4 Coliform, Salmonella, and Metals................................................................................................... 62
7.6 Operational Record Keeping Procedures..........................................................................................63
7.6.1 Types of Records...........................................................................................................................64
7.7 Annual Reporting Record Keeping Procedures..............................................................................65
Section 8- Troubleshooting Procedures........................................................................................
8.1 General. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................. 66
Section9- Health and Safety.................................................................................................................67
9.1 General .... ............................ ............... -...... .............................. .... ..................... I ......................... 67
9.2 Personal Hygiene......................................................................................................................
9.3 Personal Protective Equipment.............................................................................................................68
9.4 Electrical and Mechanical Equipment Hazard Prevention............................................................ 68
9.5 Employee Health and Safety Training................................................................................................ 68
9.5.1 First Aid.................................................................................-....................................... 70
9.5.2 Fire Extinguisher..................................................................................................................I........70
9.5.3 Physical Exposure.......................................................................................................................... 70
9.5.3.1 Biosolids.................................................................................................70
9.5.3.2 Bioaerosols..............................................................................................71
9.5.3.3 Dust..............................................................................................................71
List of Figures
1-1 Partial Site Plan.................................................................................................................................40
2-2 Process Flow Diagram.......................................................................................................................47
List of Tables
2-1 Compost Mix Calculations.................................................................................................43
8-1 Common Problems and Corrective Actions....................................................................66
37

FACILITY APPLICATION FOR TYPE 4 SOLID WASTE COMPOSTING PERMIT WHITEVILLE NORTH CAROLINA
SECTION
This O&M manual provides information regarding the proper operation of the
composting facility, record keeping and product testing/utilization
recommendations.
The personnel on -site are the following:
Personnel
Title
Duties
Jonathan Cox
Facility Manager
Manage all aspects of the compost facility operations
William Clark
Facility Manager
Responsible for all daily on -site operations
All personnel are required to attend the Carolina Composting's annual in-house training
program. The program covers the importance of maintenance; how to carry out a walk
around inspection; how to perform maintenance checks and inspections to identify
potential problems and safety procedures. To ensure the safety of the public when on site,
quarterly traffic flow meetings are also required.
All personnel are required to complete 6 hours of continuing education through a
certified compost program.
38

FACILITY APPLICATION FOR TYPE 4 SOLID WASTE COMPOSTING PERMIT WHITEVILLE NORTH CAROLINA
SECTION i -INTRODUCTION
The equipment maintained on site includes:
1 Wheel Loader {approximately 3.5 cubic yard bucket
® 1 Excavator
® Dump Truck — 17 cubic yard bed
All preventative ►maintenance, minor repair, and replacement of ware parts will be done on
site by our personnel.
All major repairs will be done by a certified service technician.
All equipment will have an inspection record and a maintenance record to ensure all
required periodic inspections and preventive maintenance services are completed. These
records will be reviewed on a monthly basis.
The normal facility staffed operating hours are:
Monday through Friday 8:OOA.M to 5:00 P.M
Saturday 8:OOAM to Noon
Sunday Closed
39

FACILITY APPLICATION FOR TYPE 4 SOLID WASTE COMPOSTING PERMIT, WHITEVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA
Preparations before opening include visually inspect facility and daily preventative
maintenance of all equipment prior' to use. Closing procedures will include malting sure all
windrow data has been properly recorded and any unblended ol• raw material is properly
covered/stored to prevent any adverse environmental effects.
Attached are Figures which show a partial view of the site plan and the location of the
composting facility at the site.
40

FACILITY APPLICATION FOR TYPE 4 SOLID WASTE COMPOSTING PERMIT, WHITEVILLE NORTH CAROLINA
SECTION 2
Composting Process
2.1 Introduction
The windrow composting process was selected for the Carolina Composting facility. The
reasons for selecting this process are:
• It is one of the lowest cost systems for biosolids composting;
• It is flexible and can use a wide variety Of bulking agents;
• The process complies with the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and State of
North Carolina regulations;
The facility capacity, materials handling, and economics of the process are sensitive to the
percent solids produced of the ferric sulfate residuals and biosolids received. The higher the
solids content, the less amendment is needed which results in less material handling and
lower operational costs. The higher solids content and lower amount of amendment that is
needed results in a lesser overall volume of materials to be composted.
Since a major aspect of composting is to ensure aerobic conditions within the composting
mass, adequate porosity must be provided in the piles to allow for air movement. In order
to achieve proper pore space, an amendment is blended with biosolids or other materials
requiring stabilization. The amendment not only provides for pore space, but also adjusts
the moisture content of the biosolids/amendment mixtureso that water does not block the
pores and there is sufficient free pore space for oxygen transfer. In addition, the amendment
adjusts the carbon/nitrogen ratio for more favorable decomposition and reduction in
nitrogen (ammonia) losses.
The following composting process parameters are discussed at length in the sections below:
• Materials Balance
• Solids Content
• Process flow
• Temperature
• Oxygen Content
• Aeration Rates
• Carbon to Nitrogen Ratio
III

FACILITY APPLICATION FOR TYPE 4 SOLID WNA
SECTION 3- MATERIALS HANDLING AND MIXING PROCEDURES
2.2 Material Balance
The materials balance is necessary to define the equipment, space requirements, materials
handling, and manpower needs Of the facility. The average mix calculations and the mass and
volume balance is shown below in "fables 2-1 & 2-2. This materials balance is based on data
showing that the facility could be expected to receive approximately 645 wet tons per week or
129 wet tons per operating day based on five operating days per week. The primary
materials to be composted received regularly each week include biosolids cake (18 percent
solids), shampoo/body wash (5 percent solids), and woody materials such as pallets, yard waste
and sawdust ranging from 60 to 84 percent solids. Secondary materials generated seasonally
include manure bedding, food wastes and carbon black at much smaller arnounts.
From the mass balance, it can be seen that the facility is expected to produce 221 cubic yards or
110 tons of compost per day.
42

FACILITY APPLICATION FOR TYPE 4 SOLID WASTE COMPOSTING PERMIT WHITEVILLE NORTH CAROLINA
SECTION 2-- COMPOSTING PROCESS
TABLE 2-1
Compost Mix Calculations
Carolina Composting - Based on 5-Day-per-Week Average
Moisture
Bulk
Organic
Nitrogen
C:N Ratio
%°f
Mixture
Approx.
%of
Mixture
Ingredient
Content
Density
Carbon
Weight
volume
Volume
N
(lblcy)
(%dw)
(%dw)
(CY)
Ammonium Chloride
------
10%
4800
50%
mixed with wood Flour
82
400
1 10.0
0.1
Shampoo/Body wasli
40%
40%
mixed with wood Floor
85
700
10.0
0.1
0.1
8400
Biosolids
82
100
40.0
7.6
5.3
14%
1200
6%
Wood waste (pallets)
16
200
47.0
0.4
123.7
7%
1200
13%
}ardwaste
40
20
44.0
0.8
55.0
7%
240
9%
Activated lime dust
0.0
200
50.0
0,0
0.0
1%
2400
5%
Food wastes
80
1400
50.0
3,2
15.6
0%
120
0%
Manure bedding
12
225
40.0
0.3
133.3
0%
120
1
Calculated Moisture Content of Mix
Calculated GIN ratio of Mix
31.1
55 to 65
25 to 30
Calculated Bulk Density of Mix
629.5
Ibs/CY
600 to 800
Weight of materials
209
tons
Pre -mix volume of materials
664.0
Ibs/CY
Volume reduction during mixing
20%
Post -mixing volume of materials
531.2
Ibs1CY
Post -mixing bulk density 800-1000 Ibs/CY
43

FACILITY APPLICATION FOR TYPE 4 SOLID WASTE COMPOSTING PERMIT WHITEVILLE NORTH CAROLINA
Carolina Composting — Based on 5 day per week average
Characteristics
Calculated moisture content of mix
o.SS°i
Calculated C/N ratio of mix
31.1%
Calculated bulk density of mix
629 lb/CY
Past -mixing bulk density
787 Ib/CY
Ingredients
Volume (tons/mo)
Volume (CY)
Ammonium Chloride mixed with
wood flour
400
4900
Shampoo/Body wash mixed with
wood flour
700
9400
Tank bottoms mixed with wood
flour
640
7680
Non -Hazardous sludges mixed with
wood flour
160
1920
Petroleum contact waters mixed
160
1920
Activated lime dust
200
2400
Biosolids
100
1200
Pallets
200
2400
Yard waste
20
240
Food waste
10
120
Secondary materials
60
720
44

FACILITY APPLICATION FOR TYPE 4 SOLID WASTE COMP05TING PERMIT WIJITEVILLE NORTH CAROLINA
SECTION 2- COMPOSTING PROCESS
The materials balance is based On an average of the materials anticipated. Two (2) important
issues should be remembered:
• If the biosolids appear to be wetter than usual, the amount of wood chips or other
bulking agents in the Inix will need to be increased.
• The supervisor will determine (lie need for adding additional bulking agent to achieve a
satisfactory mix (40-50 percent total solids), using the materials balance as a guideline.
This material balance represents the daily average blend for the annual average blend. Carolina
Composting adjusts based on feedstock availability. Regardless of the feedstocks input:
• The pile temperature must be maintained at a minimum of 55°C (131°F) for 15 days to
kill pathogenic organisms and qualify as a process to further reduce pathogens (PFRP).
During the high temperature period the windrow shall be turned at least five times.
The pile temperature must average of 45°C (1 137) or above, with no readings below
40°C (I04oF), for 14 days to reduce vector attraction.
Refer to Section 3.5 for mixing procedures.
2.3 Solids Content
The biosolids/bullring agent mixture must contain sufficient voids or air space to allow
for air to flow through the entire mass of composting materials. The voids in the
mixture will be filled with water or air. When voids are filled with water, airflow is
restricted, and anaerobic zones develop in the mixture. Ithas been established
through operational experience at other biosolids composting facilities that the solids
content of the mix should be in the range of 40% to 45% to assure sufficient airflow.
At solids content below 40%, aeration will be slowed, and this can lead to the
development of odor problems (malodors). In addition, low temperatures could
develop in the compost pile as a result of inadequate aeration. Solids contents above
65% will inhibit microbial action due to lacy of moisture. The quantity of bullring
agent required to achieve a solids content in the mixture above 45% is excessive
considering that little gain in process performance occurs.
Bullring agents or amendments are added to the biosolids and other wet wastes
prior to composting for four (4) main reasons:
1. To increase the solids content of the biosolids;
2. To increase the porosity of the biosolids;
3. To add structural stability for stacking the biosolids; and
4. To increase the Carbon to Nitrogen (C:N) ratio.
45

FACILITY APPLICATION FOR TYPE A SOLID WASTE COMPOSTING PERMIT WHIT£VILLE NORTH CAROLINA
Typically, dewatered biosolids and sludges are a sticky, pasty, gelatin -like material with
relatively little pore space. h1 order to prepare them for aerobic composting, a bulking
agent of some type is added to create a mixture that will compost effectively. Many
different materials such as wood chips, pine bark, leaves, shredded paper, and shredded
rubber tires can be used as bulking agents. However, the effects of different bulking
agents on the four (4) items listed above, on product quality, and on their relative costs
must be taken into account when selecting a bulking agent. Wood waste and yard
debris at the Carolina Composting site are used as the primary bulking agent. Waste hay,
yard waste, or similar can also be used as a supplemental bulking agent in the process.
2.4 Process Flow Diagram
Figure 2-2 shows the process flow diagram of the composting facility. This figure should
be referenced as the process flow is described. The basic steps in the composting process
are as follows:
1. Dewatered biosolids cake is generated at the City's WWTP and hauled to the
Compost Facility in trailer trucks three (3) days per week. Normal operation is to
mix biosolids as it arrives at the compost facility. Iowever, this asphalt active
composting pad can be
used to store at least one (1) days production of dewatered biosolids cake.
2. An operator using a front-end loader (FEL) will load the correct amount of
amendment (determined by the solids content of the biosolids and amendments).
The FEL is used to build approximately two rows each week depending on the volume
of incoming material. The row should be turned 3 to 5 times with the Frontier
Windrow Turner to help thoroughly blend the different feedstocks and initiate the
compost process.
3. Windrow temperatures, moisture levels and weather conditions are monitored
and recorded daily. These criteria help establish when subsequent turnings will
occur. Detailed descriptions of procedures and recordkeeping can be found in
Chapter 7.
4. After PFRP requirements as stated in 15 A North Carolina Administrative Code
13B Section 1408 are met (minimum temperature of 13 PF for 15 days, turned 5
times), windrows are turned periodically to help maintain temperatures. As
space is needed rows are moved by FEL from the asphalt pad within the active
composting area to the finished compost/maturation area for further curing.
5. Finished compost will be screened. Screened compost volumes will be determined by
the end use demand. Agricultural land application will sometimes be done immediately
after composting is completed without total screening. The screened ovens material is
recycled and placed in the recycle storage area and used for re -use in mixing. The
compost is transferred by a FEL to the finished product storage and maturation area.
46

FACILITY APPLICATION FOR TYPE 4 SOLID WASTL COMPOSTING PERMIT, WHITEVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA
SECTION 2-COMPOSTING PROCESS
31
Screening
Inspection & _...,
Contaminant
437 cylday
95 cylday 1 532 cylday
4Ad0372cy1day40A#4#
Secondary Windrow Primary Windrow
(30-90 days curing) Composting (28 days)
? 1 cylday .41
Finished
Compost
F[GURE2.2
Process Flow Diagram
{Based on 5 Days per Week Daily Design
Volumes}
221 cylday
° 7o Market
47

FACILITY APPLICATION FOR TYPE 4 SOLID WASTE COMPOSTING PERMIT WHITEVILLE. NORTH CAROLINA
SECTION 2- COMPOSTING PROCESS
2.5 Temperature
The high temperatures generated during composting are the result of aerobic biological
activity. As the microorganisms break down the organic matter in the compost pile,
energy in the form of heat is released. This heat plays an important part in the
composting process. The temperature of the composting mass is a very important
parameter, and it affects the following aspects of the operation:
O Temperature is important in killing disease causing organisms (pathogens);
• Temperature affects the rate of decomposition of the feed materials;
® Temperature affects odor production;
• Temperature promotes evaporation of water, and
Temperature is important in killing weed seeds.
Biosolids and some food wastes can contain human pathogens such as bacteria,
parasites, worms, and viruses. These pathogens, however, are killed when exposed to
high temperatures over a given period of time. Studies have shown that if the
temperature in the composting pile reaches 55°C (131°F) for a period of three (3)
consecutive days or more, pathogens are destroyed. This temperature target is easily
achievable during the
composting process. The following USEPA and requirements as stated in 15 A North
Carolina Administrative Code 13B Section 1408 are met for the composting process
and must be documented at the facility:
• The pile temperature must be maintained at a minimum of 55°C (13loF) for 15
days to kill pathogenic organisms and qualify as a process to further reduce
pathogens (PFRP). During the high temperature period the windrow shall be
turned at least five times.
The pile temperature must average of 45°C (113°F) or above, with no readings
below 40°C 004°F), for 14 days to reduce vector attraction.
Biosolids contain organic materials. These materials are broken down and stabilized by
various microorganisms. Temperature plays an important part in the rate at which the
organic matter is broken down or stabilized. Stabilization is important since unstable
biosolids can produce malodors. The ideal temperature range for growth of these
organisms is between 45°C (113°F) and 60°C (140°F). Temperatures higher than 65°C
(150°F) can slow the composting process. The decomposition of organic material in
the biosolids and other solids will produce odors, especially if the oxygen
concentration drops below a critical level. Composting is aimed at destroying
putrescent (odor causing) compounds. The rate of breakdown, therefore, is important
and this rate is controlled by temperatures. Furthermore, at high temperatures, new
compounds, which produce odors, are generated.
48

FACILITY APPLICATION FOR TYPE 4 SOLID WASTE COMPOSTING PERMIT WHITEVILLE NORTH CAROLINA
It has been shown that in some cases high temperatures (above 65°C) have been a
cause of odor problems. The operator, therefore, should attempt to maintain pile
temperatures as near to 55°C (1310F) as possible by turning each pile throughout the
composting process.
2.6 Oxygen Content
There are two (2) important terms in composting with regards to oxygen content:
aerobic (presence of oxygen) and anaerobic (absence of oxygen). Composting of
sludges or biosolids will be done under aerobic conditions. This is extremely
important since aerobic conditions will make the rate of stabilization of organic matter
in composting more rapid; thus, resulting in less odors. The amount of oxygen
provided to the mix controls the amount of oxygen available to the microbes; and thus,
their activity. An insufficient supply of oxygen will result in reduced microbial
activity, which in turn will result in a reduction in temperature of the mass. The
windrow systern used at this facility should be operated to provide oxygen in the range
of 5% to 20%. If the oxygen level drops below 5%, anaerobic conditions (lack of
oxygen) in the compost pile can be expected. This condition will slow the composting
process, lower pile temperatures, and could also produce malodors if it is maintained
for any length of time. Monitoring of oxygen content of the composting pile is not a
routine need but may be undertaken in the event of problems with temperatures and
odors.
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FACILITY APPLICATION FOR TYPE 4 SOLID WASTE COMPOSTING PERMIT, WHITEVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA
2.7 Carbon to Nitrogen Ratio (C:N)
In practice, the carbon -to -nitrogen (C:N) ratio is not measured because effective and
timely composting can occur over a wide range of C:N ratios. Also, the bullring agent
(wood chip/recycled chips) biosolids mix will generally result in a satisfactory C:N
ratio when mixed with biosolids to meet the moisture content required for the
process. A C:N ratio in the range of 26:1 to 31:1 is optimal for rapid microbial activity.
Higher C:N ratios tend to result in slower microbial activity and can cause lower
temperatures in the compost pile. Lower C:N ratios can result in the accumulation of
free nitrogenous compounds (ammonia) that may volatilize and be lost from the
compost, thereby reducing the nitrogen content of the compost. While this is not
detrimental to the process, the fertilizer value of the compost is reduced by loss of
nitrogen. In addition, ammonia odors may develop during the composting process if
the C:N ratio is too low. If bulking agents other than wood chips are used, the effect on
the C:N ratio must be considered and accounted for. This may require an adjustment
in the mix ratio of bullring agent to biosolids. At the Carolina Composting facility,
the amount of wood chips and recycle chips added to the mixture should be ample
enough to provide enough available carbon to adjust the C:N ratio to within the
desirable range, The C:N ratio for the various feedstock materials and an average mix
has been developed in Table 1 based on laboratory measurements of these materials or
estimates based on data found in the literature. A calculated C/N ratio for the
average quantities of materials to be composted at Carolina Composting is
approximately 31 to 1 which is in the optimal range.
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FACILITY APPLICATION FOR TYPE 4 SOLID WASTE COMPOSTING PERMIT W HITEV€LLE NORTH CAROLINA
Materials Handling and Mixing Procedures
3.1 Introduction
Proper handling and blending of materials at the start of composting is vital to
ensuring the success of the process.
Inattention to proper receiving and storage of raw materials can lead to
odor and product contamination issues
Y Incoffect proportioning may cause process problems and render the product
unsuitable for use.
• Poor blending will reduce product quality and can increase odor production.
As in any industrial process, it is vital to control the types, proportioning and
blending of the raw materials to ensure a safe and high- quality end product.
3.2 Biosolids Receiving
Dewatered biosolids cake is generated at local WWTPs and hauled to the compost
facility. The facility nominally receives one or two truckloads per operating day. The
facility w i 11 r e c e i v e approximately 20 tons per week. There is adequate storage
capacity for biosolids at the facility.
3.3 Bulking Agent Storage
An area at the compost site provides storage for pallets, yard waste, and similar bulking
agents that are received. This storage area provides up to 340 days of storage capacity for
bulking material.
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FACILITY APPLICATION FOR TYPE 4 SOLId WASTE COMPOSTING PERMIT WHi7EVILLE NORTH CAROLINA
SECTION 3- MATERIALS HANDLING AND MIXING PROCEDURES
The following are the materials anticipated to be used as bulking agents:
• Wood waste;
Yard waste;
Y Manure bedding waste
• Recycled btilking agent
3.4 Mixing
Proper mixing is essential to the functioning of the composting process. The operator
has control over the mixing process and attention to detail is worth the effort. The
function of mixing is to intimately combine the biosolids, food wastes and bullring
agents to create a compostable mass. The ratio, as well as the method of combining the
biosolids and bullring agent, will affect the physical properties of the mixture. The goal
of mixing is to control the solids content of the mix and to create a mass that is
sufficiently porous to allow air to flow through it. The mix must possess structural
integrity sufficient to maintain porosity when built into the compost pile. In addition,
mixing provides for the dispersal of the biosolids throughout the mass to expose
maximum biosolids surface area to the decomposing organisms.
3.4.1 Mix Solids Content
The composting mass is a mixture of biosolids, wood waste, mulch, and recycled
bullring agent. Interspersed within the mixture are pores of varying sizes, shapes, and
continuity. Depending upon the solids content of the mix, the pores will be filled with
water and air in various relative amounts. The lower the solids content, the greater the
percentage of pores filled with water.
Lower solids contents will tend to result in restricted air movement compared to higher
solids contents. To ensure aerobic conditions (the presence of adequate oxygen) and
sufficient potential for airflow to aid in drying of the mass, mixing operations must be
controlled to provide a mix solids content of between 40% Total Solids (TS) and 50%
TS. Both the biosolids and bulking agent solids contents affect the solids content of the
mix. A change in solids content of the biosolids will require a change in the amount of
bulking agents to be used. Mix solids contents below 40% will restrict airflow and
oxygen transport and increase the occurrence of anaerobic zones in the mass. This
should be avoided.
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FACILITY APPLICATION FOR TYPE 4 SOLID WASTE COMPOSTING PERMIT, WHITFVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA
3.4.2 Mixing Process Description
Before mixing, it is essential to estimate the amount of biosolids, sludge, food wastes
and bulking agents to be used in the batch of mix to be produced. In all of the mixing
methods to be discussed below, all or a portion of the bullring agent must be prepared
first before adding the biosolids, sludge or food wastes. The reasons for this vary with the
mixing method employed. This is discussed in greater detail below. As bulking agents
used or the biosolids increase in moisture content, the ratio of bullring agent to solids
will increase. Conversely, as moisture contents decrease, the Bulking agent to solids
ratio will decrease, Variations in the solids content for any of the constituents of the
mix will cause the above proportions to change. The mix ratio is determined by
perforining periodic solids analyses on each batch of compost to ensure the initial mix
is within the 40% to 50% TS range. A calculation should be used to determine the
mix solids content when solids contents for the constituent parts of the mix vary from
those shown in the materials balance provided in Chapter 2.
3.4.3 Mixing Methods- Manual Mixing with Front End loader and Excavator
The general process is to place down layers of constituent materials according to the
step- by -step procedures below, for construction of the pile, and once on the ground
to turn over the materials several times with the FEL until a blend is created.
Step -by -Step procedures for manual mixing with the FEL:
1. Determine the volume of biosolids, sludge and food wastes to be mixed. This is
estimated from the volume of the FEL bucket and the number of buckets to be
mixed at one time, typically one (1) to two (2).
2. Check and log solids content for the biosolids. This information should be
provided by the staff of the dewatering operations at the WWTP.
3. Determine the volumetric mix ratio of each constituent using the solids contents
and the bulk density of the constituents as estimated in the materials balance or
measured in the field.
4. Using the FEL place a bed of one (1) of the bullring agents one (1) to two (2) feet
high and approximately one (1) FEL bucket width wide.
5. Place biosolids, sludge and food wastes on top of the bullring agent bed with the
FEL
6. Place the remainder of the needed bulking agent over the top of these wet
materials.
7. Pick up and drop the constituents several times with the FEL bucket.
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FACILITY APPLICATION FOR TYPE 4 SOLID WASTE COMPOSTING PERMIT, WHITEVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA
8. Continue mixing with the FEL until a thorough blend is achieved. The row should
be turned from 3 to 5 times to help thoroughly blend the different feedstock
materials.
9. Visually inspect the niix for thorough blending. A good mix will be uniform in
color, have all the bullring agent coated with biosolids and should have no balls or
clumps larger than 4" in diameter.
10, Place the mixture into the compost pile and repeat the process.
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FACILITY APPLICATION FOR TYPE 4 SOLID WASTE COMPOSTING PERMIT, WHITEVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA
SECTION 4
Composting
4.1 Introduction
The biosolids composting unit process is the heart of the composting facility. Windrows are
built at the site. Windrows are 600 feet long with a height of eight feet and a 15-foot base.
Total volume per windrow is 1780 cubic yards. The mixture is composted for
approximately 28 days during which time pathogen kill and vector attraction reduction
temperature requirements are met. The biosolids and sludges are also stabilized and
dried out during the process.
4,2 Compost Pile Building
Incoming materials are deposited at designated areas and stockpiled within the compost
yard until rows are built. Bulky materials such as yard debris, pallets, hay, and other
feedstocks are constructed. A frontend loader is used to build approximately two rows
each week depending on the volume of incoming material. The row is turned 3 to 5
times with the front-end loader to help thoroughly blend the different feedstocks in the
row and initiate the compost process.
4.3 Turning
Composting is a controlled aerobic process that results in the partial decomposition and
stabilization of organic materials by the action of microbes. For composting to occur
properly, the mass must be effectively aerated. In the windrow composting method,
effective aeration is accomplished both by the addition of bulking material and by
turning of the windrow. In order for the composting process to qualify as a PFRP, a
temperature of 131°F or greater shall be maintained in the windrow for at least 15 days,
during which time the pile is turned several times. After these requirements are met,
windrows are turned periodically to help maintain temperatures.
4.4 Pile Monitoring & Data Recording
Windrow temperatures, moisture levels and weather conditions are monitored and
recorded daily. These process parameters help establish when subsequent turnings will
occur. These records will ensure PF" or a minimum temperature of 131°F for at least
15 days and tuned 5 times is completed. As space is needed or when the active
composting is finished, rows are moved from the asphalt pads to the clay pad for
further curing. When a compost test fails to meet Federal pathogen and vector
requirements (40 CFR), which imposes a potential threat to the public health and the
environment, the facility shall report the failed testing result to the division within 72
hours after receiving the testing result(s). Distribution of the compost products must
stop until a further test conf inns that the batch of re -composted products have met the
federal safety standard. In addition to the regulatory requirements, monitoring the
55

FACILITY APPLICATION FOR TYPE 4 SOLID WASTE COMPOSTING PERMl7 WHITEVILLE NORTH QROLINA
compost pile temperature provides a means for checking on how the process is working.
Temperatures are taken daily at 4 places along the windrow with a long stem
thermometer. Moisture will be checked as needed by the squeegee test. Each row
position is numbered one thru eleven. Subsequent rows built in a position will receive a
letter footnote (1,1A, 1S, etc.) This identification will help with sampling and testing
results.
4.5 Maturation and Storage
Typically, windrow curing will continue for another 3 to 90 days after primary
composting. Curing can be done before or after screening, although curing before
screening will allow further breakdown of the materials into compost. During pile
teardown, compost can be contaminated with pathogens from the front-end loader
bucket. In the event the same front-end loader is used to handle the initial mix, the bucket
should be cleaned of any visible biosolids before it is used to tear piles down or move
compost to screening, curing, storage, or distribution. Repeatedly picking up and
Dumping fresh bullring agent will scour out most of the residual biosolids. Shovels may
also be used to remove visible traces of biosolids, leaving the bucket clean enough to
handle compost.
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FACILITY APPLICATION FOR TYPE 4 SOLID WASTE COMPOSTING PERMIT, WHIITEVILLEN_O,RTH CAROLINA
SECTION 5
Screening Procedures
There are currently no screening procedures in place.
UFA

FACILITY APPLICAT[ON FOR TYPE 4 SOLID WASTE COMPOSTING PERMIT, WH[TEVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA
SECTiON6
Maturation and Storage
6.1 Introduction
The maturation process is an extension of the composting process, The purpose of maturation
is to provide additional decomposition to achieve a mature and stable end product. During
maturation, decomposition occurs at a slower rate than composting at mesophilic
temperatures.
6.2 Maturation and Storage Pile Building
After screening, front- end loaders are used to [hove the compost to the maturation and
storage area, The buckets on the front-end loaders are cleaned between handling of
feedstocks and immature compost. Maturation will take place for an additional period of
between 30 and 90 days.
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FACILITY APPLICATION FOR TYPE 4 SOLID WASTE COMPOSTING PERMIT WHITEVILLE NORTH CAROLINA
SLCTION7
Sampling, Testing and Record Keeping for
Quality Assurance
7.1 General
Sampling and testing at the composting facility are necessary to:
• Monitor the process efficiency;
• Provide data for regulatory agencies; and
• Provide data for troubleshooting when problems develop.
It: is extremely important that all sampling and testing be done at representative
points in the process in a consistent manner. The data that results from any sampling
and testing program is only as good as the collected sample. Sampling should be
done in a consistent manner, on a regular basis, and using specific techniques. This
section outlines the sampling schedule to be used and the sampling and testing
procedures required for a successful sampling and testing program. The operator
should make every effort to perform sampling in a consistent routine, according to
these guidelines. Deviation from these guidelines should only be made under
unusual circumstances after obtaining the approval of the Facility Manager and in
accordance with 15 A North Carolina Administrative Code 13B Section .1408.
When a compost test fails to meet Federal pathogen and vector requirements (40 CFR),
which imposes a potential threat to the public health and the environment, the facility
shall report the failed testing result to the division within 72 hours after receiving the
testing result(s). Distribution of the compost products must stop until a further test
confirms that the batch of re -composted products have met the federal safety
standard.
7.2 Sampling and Testing Schedule
The sampling and testing performed at the Carolina Composting facility is
in accordance with 15 A North Carolina Administrative Code 13B
Section .1408.
• A composite sample of the compost produced at each compost facility shall be
analyzed at intervals of every 20,000 tons of compost produced or every six
months, whichever comes first, for test parameters required. The parameters
include foreign matter, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, mercury,
nickel, selenium, zinc, pathogens and Total nitrogen (Total N required for
products containing sludge subject to 40 CFR
503).
fib

FACILITY APPLICATION FOR TYPE 4 SOLID WASTE COMPOSTING PERMIT WHITEVILLE NORTH CAROLINA
• Sample collection, preservation, and analysis shall assure valid and representative
results pursuant to a Division -approved quality assurance plan. At least three
individual samples (of equal volume) shall be taken from each batch produced in
separate areas along the side of the batch. Each san-piing point shall be at a depth
of two to six feet into the pile from the outside surface of the pile. Samples that have
been analyzed for metals shall be composited and accumulated over a six-month
period or at intervals of every 20,000 tons of product produced, whichever comes
first. Any sample collected for testing for pathogens and nutrients shall be a
representative composite sample of the compost and shall be processed within a
period of time required by the testing procedure.
• Compost containing sewage sludge shall be tested in accordance with 40 CFR
503, Subpart B.
Foreign matter content shall be determined by passing a dried, weighed sample of
the compost product through a one -quarter inch screen. EPA Method 160.3 shall
be used to dry the sample. The material remaining on the screen shall be visually
inspected, and the foreign matter that can be clearly identified shall be separated
and weighed. The weight of the separated foreign matter divided by the weight of
the total sample shall be determined and multiplied by 100. This shall be the
percent dry weight of the foreign matter content.
7.3 Grab Sampling
7.3.1 Grab Sample Definition
Grab samples are samples that are collected at one (1) particular time, in one (1)
particular location of a certain process. Analysis from this type of sample will provide
results from a random portion of the process stream (i.e. biosolids, mix, etc.) being
sampled. hi order to achieve a more representative analysis of a given process stream,
many grab samples can be collected at various times and analyzed individually, or these
grab samples can be combined into one (1) large sample for an analysis known as a
composite sample.
7.3.2 Grab Sampling Procedure
Grab samples should be collected using a clean, dry sampling jar (one (1) pint glass or
plastic) or sterile zip lock baggies. The sample should be collected at a point in the
material to be sampled that is homogeneous (completely mixed) and representative of
the batch of material that is being sampled. Each grab sample collected should be
approximately the same volume as previous grab samples.
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FACILITY APPLICATION FOR TYPE 4 SOLID WASTE COMPOSTING PERMIT WHITEVILLE NORTH CAROLINA
7.4 Composite Sampling
7.4.1 Composite Sample Definition
Composite samples are a mixture of grab samples that are collected individually at
various times at the same location in a certain process or a mixture of samples that are
collected individually at various locations in a certain process. Grab samples should be
immediately transferred to a composite sample container for storage. These types of
samples generally provide a more representative sample for analysis than does a grab
type sample because it will reflect variations in the process.
7.4.2 Composite Sampling Procedure
Composite samples should be stored in a clean, dry sampling jar (one (1) gallon or
larger) with an air -tight, screw -on lid. The sampling container should be appropriately
marked and stored in a cool, dry place, out of direct sunlight, preferably a refrigerator.
At the end of the day, after the last grab sample is added to the composite jar, the
composite sample should be well mixed and a representative portion placed in a smaller
sampling jar (one (1) pint) or zip lock baggie for analysis. The sampling jar should be
covered with an air -tight lid and stored in a refrigerator until it is delivered to the
laboratory for analysis. Analysis should be performed as quickly as possible,
preferably within 24 hours after collection. The sample jar should be adequately labeled
with sample name, date of collection, and the operator Is name.
7.5 Sample Testing Procedures
7.5.1 Transfer of Samples
After all compost samples have been collected as outlined in Sections 7.1 through 7.3,
the sealed sample containers should be taken to the laboratory for analysis as quickly
as possible. There, qualified, experienced technicians should perform the required
analyses as outlined in Section 7.1. Soil Control Labs is the current laboratory used
by Carolina Composting.
7.5.2 Total Solids Content
Samples that must be analyzed for solids content (percent total solids) should be
analyzed as follows:
Measure tare weight of empty sample drying dish. Ensure sample container contents are
homogeneous by mixing with a rod or paddle. Place approximately 20 grams or more of the
sample in the sample -drying dish. When measuring initial mixes, unscreened compost or
bulking agents, a larger sample of approximately 100 grams will be required for better
accuracy. Record weight of sample drying dish with sample. Place sample dish in a
controlled drying oven at 221 °F (105°C). Remove sample container after 24 hours and
place in an enclosed desiccator to cool. Reweigh sample after it has cooled to room
temperature.
2

FACILITY APPLICATION FOR TYPE 4 SOLID WASTE COMPOSTING PERMIT WHITEVILLE NORTH CAROLINA
Determine percent total solids of material using the following formula:
%TS = 1- NYB-WA) x 100%TS � percent total solids
WB = weight of sample before drying (minus tare weight)
WA = weight of sample after drying (minus tare weight)
7-3SECTION 7- SAMPLING, TESTING, AND RECORD KEEPING FOR OLIALITY ASSURANCE
7.5.3 Volatile Solids Content
The volatile solids content (percent volatile) of the biosolids or other materials
can be determined using the following procedure:
1. After obtaining a weight of the dried material in 7.5.2, place material in a
controlled muffler furnace at 1022°F (550°C).
Note: Caution should be used if analyzing bullring agents for volatile solids
content as the materials may ignite.
2. Remove sample container after 24 hours and place in an enclosed desiccator to cool.
3. Reweigh sample after it has cooled to room temperature.
4. Determine percent volatile content of material using the following formula:
%Volatile= WB-WA) x 100%.
7.5.4 Coliform, Salmonella, and Metals
All samples to be analyzed for coliforms, and metals should be analyzed according to the
US Composting Council's Test Methods for the Examination of Composting and
Compost (TMECC) procedures.
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FACILITY APPLICATION FOR TYPE 4 SOLID WASTE COMPOSTING PERMIT WHITEVILLE NORTH CAROLINA
7.6 Operational Record Keeping Procedures
Keeping accurate records is an important part of the operation of any composting
facility. Proper records are necessary for the Facility Manager to monitor the
performance of the facility and to make operational decisions. Of great importance is
the establishment of a reliable continuing record for proof of performance, thus
justifying operational decisions, expenditures, and recommendations. Daily
operational records also provide information useful in process adjustments required
due to climatic or seasonal changes or other recurring problems of a specific nature.
This information is useful to employees of the facility, as well as to operators of other
facilities who may have related problems. Records and reports also provide valuable
information for release in public relations efforts, as well as legal reference should a
lawsuit or other action be threatened. Accurate records also provide the basis for
planning future plant expansion, planning future modifications, establishing and
adjusting operating budgets, and providing evidence of performance in compliance
with regulatory agencies.
State and Federal regulatory agencies require record keeping on a continuing basis,
which allows them to determine the facility efficiency and the effectiveness of the
treatment in achieving the desired standards. Personnel from North Carolina Division
of Waste Management make periodic visits to treatment facilities and during these
inspections a review of operational and other records may be requested. Records must
be kept on hand for five years.
Therefore, an accurate set of records is necessary and useful to the Facility Manager,
operators, and others who are interested in the performance and operation of the
composting facility.
When a compost test fails to meet Federal pathogen and vector requirements (40
CFR), which imposes a potential threat to the public health and the environment, the
facility shall report the failed testing result to the division within 72 hours after
receiving the testing result(s). Distribution of the compost products must stop until a
further test confirms that the batch of re -composted products have met the federal
safety standard.
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FACILITY APPLICATION FOR TYPE 4 SOLID WASTE COMPOSTING PERMIT WHITEVILLE NORTH CAROLINA
SECTION 7- SAMPLING, TESTING, AND RECORD KEEPING FOR QUALITY ASSURANCE
7.6.1 Types of Records
Records can generally be divided into three (3) categories:
O Administrative and physical plant records;
Maintenance records; and
• Operational records.
Administrative and physical records include information such as cost and budget
information, manpower and personnel records, safety records, as -built drawings, and
specifications. Maintenance records include manufacturer's information and
equipment maintenance records, maintenance costs, and parts inventories.
Operational records include daily and monthly operating reports as well as analytical
results.
While the administrative and maintenance records are important and necessary, this
section of the O&M Manual will only address the operational records used at the
Carolina Composting facility. The minimum record requirements in accordance with 15
A NCAC 13B Section. 1408 (b) are as follows:
1. Daily operational records must be maintained, which include, at a minimum,
temperature data (length of the composting period) and quantity of material
processed;
2. Analytical results on compost testing;
3. The quantity, type and source of waste received;
4. The quantity and type of waste processed into compost;
5. The quantity and type of compost produeed by product classification; and
6. The quantity and type of compost removed for use or disposal, by product
classification, and the market or permitted disposal facility.
64

FACILITY APPLICATION FOR TYPF 4 SOLID WASTE COMPOSTING PERMIT WHITEVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA
7.7 Annual Reporting Record Keeping Procedures
An annual report for the period July I to June 30 shall be submitted by all facility
owners or operators to the Division of Waste Management by August 1st and shall
contain:
1. The facility name, address, and permit number;
2. The total quantity in tons, with sludge values expressed in wet and dry weight, and
type of waste received at the facility during the year covered by the report, including
tons of waste received from local governments of origin;
3. The total quantity in tons, with sludge values expressed in dry weight, and type of
waste processed into compost during the year covered by the report;
4. The total quantity in tons and type of compost produced at the facility, by product
classification, during the year covered by the report;
5. The total quantity in tons and type of compost removed for use or disposal from the
facility, by product classification, along with a general description of the market if for
use during the year covered by the report;
6. Monthly temperature monitoring to support Rule .1406
7. Results of tests required in by Rule .1408.
Yearly totals of solid waste received and composted shall be reported back to the local
government of origin for annual recycling reporting.
65

FACILITY APPLICATION FOR TYPE 4 SOLID WASTE COMPOSTING PERMIT WHITEVILLE NORTH CAROUNA
SECTION S
Troubleshooting Procedures
8.1 General
Table 8-1 below describes some common problems at composting facilities and
corrective actions for these problems.
TABLE 8.1
Common Problems and Corrective Actions
PRQBI^laM G�OIiRECTIbE4CTION -
Compost pile temperatures too
1. Mix more frequently.
high (>70°C)
2. Poor air flow through pile. Poor mixing would most likely cause this.
Check moisture content and add more bulking agent and remix, if
needed.
Compost pile temperatures too
1. Insufficient amount of new bulking agent; add more bulking agent to the
low
windrow andre-mix.
Blinding/clogging of screen
1. Solids content too low; pile material in drying space and turn with
windrow turner until solids content is >55 percent.
Odors coming from paved area
1. Possible ponding of leachate around debris; clean paved surface.
2. Possible collection of debris in catch basins; remove and clean catch
basin debris baskets.
Rain run-off ponding around
1. Possible ponding may occur during periods of short -duration, heavy rain;
catch basins
however, if this remains, check catch basins for clogging debris.
Blowing dust
1. Clean area around screen.
2. If coming from finished compost stockpiles, wet piles.
Equipment Breakdown
1. All preventative maintenance, minor repair, and replacement of ware
parts will be done on site by our personnel.
2. Rental equipment will be obtained if necessary.
3. All major repairs will be done by a certified service technician.
Fire
1. Use fire extinguisher on -site.
2. Contact local fire department.
Unusual traffic conditions
1. Modify schedule of operation to avoid.
M.

FACILITY APPLICATION FOR TYPE A SOLID WASTE COMPOSTING PERMtT WHITEVILLE NORTH CAROLINA
SECTION 9
Health and Safety
9A General
Municipal wastewater biosolids contain pathogens. Composting, if carried out
properly, will destroy pathogens. The following are some general recommendations
for the health and safety of workers at the Carolina Composting facility.
9.2 Personal Hygiene
The following personal hygiene recommendations should be stressed as common
practices to all compost facility employees.
• Wash hands before eating, drinking, or smoking.
- Food should not be eaten or stored near biosolids. Do not drink from plant hoses.
• If heavily contacted with biosolids, immediately take a hot shower and put on
clean clothing. The supervisor should be notified.
• It is recommended that showers be taken each day and hair be washed prior to
leaving the plant site.
• All employees working at the compost facility trust wear protective
clothing, i.e. uniforms and/or coveralls, and safety shoes.
- Change from protective clothing to street clothing at the end of each day.
Soiled, protective clothing should not leave the premises.
• Goggles, dust masks, and hard hats must be available and should be worn by
employees working in the mixing and screening areas.
- Wash, disinfect, and bandage ANY cut, no matter how small. Any break in the
skin can become a source of infection. Change bandages frequently and wear
protective clothing over the wound.
- Keep fingernails closely trimmed and clean (dirty nails can harbor pathogens).
It is also recommended that tetanus, diphtheria, hepatitis, polio, and typhoid
inoculations be given. Records of inoculations should be kept on file for each
employee. Individuals who are highly debilitated or have severe allergies or asthma
should not be employed to work around compost facilities.
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FACILITY APPLICATION FOR TYPE 4 SOLID WASTE COMPOSTING PERMIT, WHITEVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA
9.3 Personal Protective Equipment
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) must be evaluated as to the level of protection
necessary for particular operating conditions and then made available to facility
employees.
The list below includes the PPE typically used and/or required in a compost
facility workplace:
• Uniforms and/or coveralls
• Safety shoes with steel toes and non -slip shoe soles
• Eye protective goggles and dust masks should be worn, particularly in the
screening areas
• Hard hats
• Noise reduction protection should be used in areas where extended
exposure to continuous high decibel levels are expected
• Disposable rubber latex or chemical resistant gloves for handling and/or
sampling of biosolids.
• Dust filter masks
Following use, PPE's should be disposed of or adequately cleaned, dried, and readied
for reuse.
9.4 Electrical and Mechanical Equipment Hazard Prevention
The materials handling equipment in the screening and mixing areas should be
operated with care and caution. Only qualified electricians or instrumentation
specialists should be allowed to service or troubleshoot these devices to prevent
accidental injury by electrical shock.
9.5 Employee Health and Safety Training
Carolina Composting personnel must recognize and understand the potential health
and safety risks associated with routine job activities in the various process stages of
composting. Facility personnel must be kept updated and aware of operational
procedures through the use of periodic training sessions to remind them of the safety
requirements specific to their job profiles in accordance with the facility -specific health
and safety plan. Some general safety rules are:
Make sure that you understand the job that has to be done. Review the
facility equipment O&M Manual prior to attempting repairs/changes.
Use common sense when attempting a job, Use the safest way to get the work
done, including using the proper equipment and tools.
68

FACILITY APPLICATION FOR TYPE 4 SOLID WASTE COMPOSTING PERMIT WHITEVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA
• Use the buddy system in case of repair of electrical or mechanical equipment (have
a co- worker stand guard and remember to properly lock and tag equipment at the
main control panel to inform people that you are working on equipment
remotely).
Keep the right attitude towards safety. Lack of awareness or a careless attitude
can lead to accidents.
Make sure you know where the first aid kit and fire extinguishers are located.
Understand how to use the first aid kit.
69

FACILITY APPLICATION FOR TYPE 4 SOLID WASTL COMPOSTING PERMIT WHITEVILLE NORTH CAROLINA
SECTION 9- HEALTH AND SAFETY
9.5.1 First Aid
In addition to general health and safety protocol, it is recommended that all facility
employees receive both first aid and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
training. American Red Cross can provide this training in group settings or a
representative can be appointed to receive teaching certification and offer the
courses to the compost facility personnel. Standard first aid is required to be
update every three (3) years, whereas CPR refresher training is conducted on an
annual basis.
At the composting facility, portable first aid kits and stations should be strategically
located and accessible around the facility and all personnel should know immediately
where the nearest station is located.
9.5.2 Fire Extinguisher
Potential fire hazards at a compost facility are created from the build-up of fine dry
dust particles on and around operational motors and control panels. The presence of
these build- ups can cause overheating and potential fire if continuous site cleaning
and maintenance are not practiced. Portable fire extinguishers should be maintained
in a state of readiness at several locations throughout the compost area, particularly
near the screening and mixing equipment.
The annual inspection of facility fire extinguishers provides a good opportunity for
fire extinguisher training and refresher practices.
9.5.3 Physical Exposure
Facility personnel who may corne in contact with physical exposures on the job should
be kept aware of the health aspects associated with the fluids, solids, and airborne
constituents found at composting facilities. Training concerning safe work practices
around these potential exposures should include recommended protective equipment
and proper disposal procedures.
9.5.3.1 Biosolids
Training in the handling, sampling, and processing of biosolids should be made
available upon the initial assignment to an area where the potential exposure exists.
Pathogens exist in wastewater treatment plant operations and composting, when
performed correctly, is one (1) method used to destroy this potential exposure.
Pathogens from biosolids are likely to enter the body through the nose, eyes, or
mouth. For this reason, personal hygiene, PPE, first aid, and eyewashes are the
most effective safety aspects necessary to reduce the potential exposure to pathogens
through contact with biosolids.
70

FACILITY APPLICATION FOR TYPE 4 SOLID WASTE COMPOSTING PERMIT, WHITEVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA
9.5.3.2 Bioaerosols
Like the procedures to be followed under contact with biosolids, bioaerosols are
airborne microorganisms that can enter the body in the same locations.
Bioaerosols can become airborne during mixing, aeration, and screening of
composted materials. Once airborne, bioaerosols may be inhaled or contact the
eyes, Dirty hands also may result in inadvertent transmission to the mouth or
eyes.
Facility employees should refer to Sections 9.2 Personal Hygiene; 9.3 Personal
Protective Equipment; and 9.5.1 First Aid for reminder infort-nation on Health and
Safety.
9.5.3.3 Dust
Excessive dust can be a health hazard as a result of its irritating effect on eyes and
mucous membranes if proper PPE, such as eye protective goggles and dust filter masks,
are not worn by all personnel in the affected areas. During periods of extremely dry
weather, excessive dust can be controlled by sprinkling screening areas, conveyors, and
facility traffic areas. Goggles and dust masks should be worn in' dusty conditions.
71

N

Information and responses as required by North Carolina regulations governing
the permitting of a Compost Facility.
All references below refer to the Compost Facility Permit Application Guidance Document
(attached)
Section 1— General Information
(1-3) All information regarding names, addresses, and phone numbers are included in the
application.
(4) Location of the facility is shown on Attachment 1
Section 2 —Siting Requirements
1) Parcel information shown on Attachment 1.
2) Legal description and deed are included in Attachment 2.
3) No zoning is applicable for the proposed site.
4) FEMA Flood Insurance map is shown on Attachment 3.
5) No wetlands shown on the subject site.
6) The proposed facility is not located on a closed disposal area.
7) Soil evaluation included in Attachment 4.
Section 3 — Design and Operations Plan
(1-28) Covered under the attached Design and Operations Plan.
(24) No construction is proposed.
Section 4—Signature Pages
Attachment 5
Section 5 —Stormwater Discharge and Sedimentation and Erosion Control Plan
Stormwater Documents are being submitted separately.
Section 6 — Drawings
Attachment 6
Note that there are no residences, wells, perennial streams, rivers, water bodies, other similar features
within the designated distances from the composting area.
Areas for loading, storage, grinding, composting, curing, and final product will be designated upon start-
up of the facility. The attached maps do not indicate these areas.

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Book 1146 Page 390
�I1�IIf1ll���l��l�llllll
2016006800
COLUMBUS Co, He FEE $26,00
STATE OF Me REAL ESTATE EXTX
$200.00
pPliH�l�lRv�d
i2-30-2018 0Z12:50 PM
xANeANCE H. aULLOCK
AVIS -D""
or. REmRA WMCfLU„O
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BK: RB 1146
PG: 390-392
Excise Tax $ 200. t and P e
Tax Lot No./Property No.: 10550 Does not contain r ma dwelling of Grantor/Farm & Timber Ian
Parcel Identifier No. TAX INFORMATION REECREEVEO
Mail after recording to Jonathan Kyle Cox 102 KkiaM Lone.
BY IZT��P'��q
Tabor City, NC 28463
This lostrument was prepared by Wright. Worlev.Pone, Ekster & Mossx'.f..l.,,C. Altorneys at 4,aw
P.O. Box 457. Tabor Cltv. N.C. 28463 (CCRI -4862)
NORTH CAROLINA GENERAL WARRANTY DEED
THIS D13131) made this 30'" day of Receutber . 2016, by and between
GRANTOR I GRANTEE
DIAN F. JOLLY, TRUSTEE OF THE
DIAN F. JOLLY TRUST DATED THE
2" DAY OF NOVEMBER 2015
JONATHAN KYLE COX, a Free
Trader; of the County of Columbus,
State of North Carolina
102 Miriam Lane
Tabor City, NC 28463
T1jo designation Grantor and Grantoe as used herein shall Include said parties, their heirs, successors, and assigns,
and shall Include singular, plural, masculine, feminine or neuter as required by context.
W1TNMSb.TH, that the Grantor, for a valuable consideration paid by the Grantee, the receipt of which is
hereby acknowledged, has and by these presents does grant, bargain, sell and convey unto the Grantee in
fee simple, all that certain lot or parcel of land situated in _ South Williams I Township, Columbus
County, North Carolina and more particularly described as follows:
All that certain tract of land containing eighty and six -tenths (80.6) acres, more or less, in
South Williams Township, Columbus County, North Carolina, on the West side of the old
Iron Hill Road, about 7 miles Southeast of the Town of Tabor City, North Carolinn, now in
possession of Wilson H. Morris, bounded on the North by Eldra and Zeb Soles; on the East
by lands of Eldra and Zeb Soles, Annie Norris, R.S. Fowler and Paul Norris; on the South by
the lands of Paul Norris; and on the West by the lands of Arthur Norris, Eldra and Zeb Soles
and being the lands surveyed and plotted by J.D. Long, Surveyor, on the 4th day of March,
1955, and more particularly described by plat as follows:
Beginning at a stake In the old J.H. Soles corner and runs with the Eldra and Zeb Soles line
North 30 degrees 30 minutes West 113.80 chains to a stake, formerly a ligbtwood pine at J.H.
Soles' corner; thence continuing with said Soles' line South 66 degrees 15 minutes West
10.93 chains to an old stake formerly J.H. Soles and C.W. Joyner corner; theuce continuing
NO T11ZEEXAMINATIONHASBEENMADE EW4M.Y CER TIFICA TION STA TING 0TIMERWME.
The seller(s)fnrlher acknowledge the Information required jar IRS Form 1099 has been correctly slated to the Law
Firm of Wright Worley, Pope, Ekster & Moss AL. L.C.
Page I of 3

Book 1146 Page 391
with said Soles line South 16 degrees West 21.94 ebains to a stake, old C. W. Joyner and N.C.
Norris corner; thence South 1.6 degrees West with Arthur Norris' line 31.66 chains to a
pointer in the old N.C. Norris and .C.S. Fowler line; thence North 85 degrees East 3.12 chains
to a stake in Paul Norris' line; thence with said Norris line North 85 degrees East 8.44 chains
to a stain, old Calvin Soles and C.S. Fowler corner; thence with said Paul Norris line and
beyond North 25 degrees 30 minutes East 10.79 chains to the old Calvin Soles' cornea; thence
North 24 degrees 30 minutes East 10.18 chains to a stake on the West side of an old road;
thence North 24 degrees 15 minutes East with Annie Norris line 26.56 chains to the
beginning.
LESS AND EXCEPT from the above -described tract, a tract in the Southwest corner of the
above -described tract formerly known as the Wilson R. Morris tract which was conveyed to
Nancy Faulk King and husband, Ottis L. King by Deed recorded In Deed Book 323, Page
494, CCR, and Deed Book 323, Page 491, CCR, with those Deeds being incorporated
herewith by reference for further certainty of the description of the triangular lot carved
from the Southwest corner of the above -described tract.
TOGETHER WTM AND SUBJECT TO the right to use non-exclusive right-of-way
easement as is described in Ingress, Egress, and Regress Easement recorded'. ­30. In RB
11.46, PG 3^ 86 , CCR, with that said Ingress, Egress, and Regress Easement being
incorporated herewith by reference for further certainty of the location and description of
the non-exclusive right-of-way easement.
SUBJECT ,TO the limited rights of The Norris Revocable Trust dated June 12, 1996 and Its
designated agents to use the existing cart way located on the above -described tract as a non-
exclusive casement of right-of-way to harvest timher located on a tract of land owned by The
Norris Revocable Trust Dated June 12, 1996 with the limited rights and conditions being
more specifically set out in the Agreement As To Right o£-Way Easement recorded February
23, 2015 at 3:40 pm in RB 1103, PG 741, CCR, with that said Agreement being incorporated
herewith by reference for further certainty of the terms set out therein.
For chain of title see Deed recorded December 21, 2015 at 3:57 pm in RB 1122, PG 349,
CCR, in favor of The Dian F. Jolly Trust Dated the 2ne Day of Novemb6r 2015. For tttrther
chain of title see Certificate of post recorded In IM 1122, PG 348, CCR, Deed recorded In
Deed Book 964, Page 180, CCR, and Deed recorded In Deed Book 238, Page 225, CCR.
The Columbus County Tax Office identifies the above -described tract as property 10550 and
as containing 80.17 acres.
The property herelnabove described was acquired by Grantor by instrument recorded in., RD 1122, PG349, CCU
A map showing the above -described property is recorded In Plat Book . page
TO HAVE AND TO HOLD the eforeanid lot or parcct of land and all privlleges and appurtenances thereto
belonging to the Grantee in fee simple.
And the Grantor covenants. with the Grantee, that Grantor is seized of the premises in The simple, has the right to
convey live same in fee simple, that title is marketable and free and clear of all encumbrances, and that Grantor will
warrant and defend the title against the lawfttl claims of all persons whomsoever except for the exceptions hereinafter
stated. Title to the property hereinabove described is subject to the following exceptions:
1. Subject to property tax as assessed by the Columbus County Tax Administration.
2. Valid and enforceable easements as may appear in the chain of title.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Grantor has hereunto set his hand and seal, or If corporate, has caused this
instrument to be signed in its corporate name by it-s duly uthorized officers and its seal to be hereunto affixed by
authority of its Board of Directors, the day and year first above written.
THE DIAN F. JOLLY TRUST DATED THE 2Nn DAY OF
NOVEM 3ER 2015
BY: �QZ - {SEAT.,)
DIAN F. JOL ,, TTr teetee
Page 2 of 3

Hook 1146 Page 392
SEALrSTAMP NORTH CAROLINA, Columbus County.
I, __ Suzette S. Leonard .allotaryPublic ofthe
+� � Couniy and State aforesa€dd certify that Dian F. Jo1)y T=ep.,for The Dian
e +� F. Jolly TEgst Dated the 2 Dan of November 2015 Grantor, personally
appeared before me this day and acknowledged the execution of die foregoing
,,,.��� instrument. Witness my hand and official seal or stamp, this the 306
>> �aJ�����r day of - December 2016.
LV►►'' (SEAL)
�t��q My Commission Expires: 10-25-�2 17
NORTH CAROLINA
COLUMBIA COUNTY
The foregoing or annexed certificate of.%1�Zt Sl1- f IpQL.12� a Notary 'Public has
been verified to have a Signature, seat or stamp and an expiration date. This instrument and this
certificate are duly registered at the Date and time and in the book and page shown on the first page
hereof.
V's �`'k,l,w%A 9nCL=Register of Deeds for Columbus County
Y' Deputy Register of Deeds
Ret to:, U.JC"is
Page 3 of 3

C

"HERR" MULCH SITE
boring 1
0-12
SL
GR
12-20"
SL
GR
20-42
SL
GR
42-48
CL
5 B K
SOIL WETNESS
42"
boring 2
0-12
5L
GR
12-24"
SL
GR
24-48"
SL
GR
SOIL WETNESS
24"
boring 3
0-10
SL
GR
10-24"
SL
GR
24-30
LS
GR
30-42"
LS
GR
42-48"
LS
GR
SOIL WETNESS
42"
boring 4
0-6
SL
GR
6-12"
SL
GR
12-36"
CL
SBK
36-48"
LS
GR
SOIL WETNESS
12"
boring 5
0-12
SL
GR
12-30"
SL
GR
30-40
LS
GR
40-48
LS
GR
SO L W FTN
ESS 40"
boring 6
0-10
SL
GR
10-12"
SL
GR
12-48"
CL
SBK
48-50
CL
SBK
SOIL WETNESS
48"
boring 7
0-12
SL
GR
12-16"
SL
GR
16-28
SL
GR
VFR
VFR
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FI
VFR
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VFR
VFR
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FI
VFR
VFR
VFR
VFR
VFR
VFR
VFR
FI
FI
VFR
VFR
VFR
NEXP
2.5Y 4/3
NEXP
2.5Y 5/4
NEXP
10YR 5/6
SS,SP
10YR 5/6 2,5Y 6/1, 2,5Y 7/2
NEXP
2.5Y 4/3
NEXP
2.5Y 5/4
NEXP
10YR 5/6 2.5Y 6/1, 2,5Y 7/2
N EXP
N EXP
NEXP
NEXP
NEXP
NEXP
NEXP
SS,SP
NEXP
NEXP
NEXP
NEXP
NEXP
2.5Y 4/3
2,5Y 5/4
10YR 5/8
2.5Y 4/2
25Y 4/3 2.5Y 6/1 7.5YR 5/8
2.5Y 3/1.
2.5Y 7/3
25Y 6/1 10YR 5/8
2.5Y 6/1
2.5Y 4/3
10YR 5/8
10YR 518 2.5Y 6/4
10YR 5/8 7.5YR S/8 2.5Y 6/2
N EXP
2.5Y 4/3
N EXP
10YR 5/8
SS,SP
10YR 5/8
SS,SP
10YR 5/8 7.5YR 5/8 2,5Y 6/1
N EXP
2.5Y 4/3
N EXP
10YR 5/8
N EXP
10YR 5/8

28-48 SL
GR
VFR
NEXT'
10YR 5/8
7.5YR 5/8
2.5Y 6/1
SOIL WETNESS 28"
boring 8
0-6 SL
GR
VFR
NEXP
2.5Y 4/3
6-14" SL
GR
VFR
NEXP
10YR 5/8
14-49" SL
GR
VFR
NEXP
10YR 5/8
2.5Y 6/1
7.5YR 5/8
48-48 SL
GR
VFR
NEXP
10YR 5/8
7.5YR 5/8
2.5Y 6/1
SOIL WETNESS 14"
boring 9
0-14 SL
GR
VFR
NEXP
2.5Y 4/3
14-18 SL
GR
VFR
NEXP
10YR 5/8
18-36 SCL
SBK
FI
SS,SP
10YR 5/8
2.5Y 6/1
7.5YR 5/8
36-48 SL
GR
VFR
NEXP
10YR 5/8
7.5YR 5/8
2.5Y 6/1
SOIL WETNESS 18"
boring 10
0-10 SL
GR
VFR
NEXP
2.5Y 4/3
10-24" SL
GR
VFR
NEXP
10YR 5/4
24-30 SL
GR
VFR
NEXP
10YR 5/8
30-42 SL
GR
VFR
NEXP
10YR 5/4
42-48 SL
GR
VFR
NEXP
10YR 5/4
2.5Y 6/1
SOIL WETNESS 42"
boring 11
0-6 SL
GR
VFR
NEXP
2.5Y 3/1
6-12" SL
GR
VFR
NEXP
2.5Y 7/3
12-36" CL
SBK
FI
SS,SP
2.5Y 6/1
10YR 5/8
36-48" LS
GR
VFR
NEXP
2.5Y 6/1
SOIL WETNESS 12"
boring 12
0-6 SL
GR
VFR
NEXP
2.5Y 3/1
6-12" SL
GR
VFR
NEXP
2.5Y 7/3
12-36" CL
SBK
FI
SS,SP
2.5Y 6/1
10YR 5/8
36-48" LS
GR
VFR
NEXP
2.5Y 6/1
SOIL WETNLSS 12"

1003 Gregor;} Fork Road
Richlands, NC 28574
Phone [phone]
[e-mail]
August 5, 2019
Ref: JONATHAN KYLE COX
Site location; Shug Norris Road, Columbus County
A soil evaluation was conducted on the proposed composting site listed above. The
purpose of this evaluation was to classify the soils and land features within the proposed
composting site.
The evaluation was conducted with a hand auger and consisted of auger borings and soil
profile descriptions utilizing the Munsell Soil Color Chart.
A map and detailed soil descriptions have been prepared and are attached to this
document.
The soi1S within the composting area were found to be Echaw, Blanton sand, Leon,
Foreston, Gritney, Lynchburg, Torhunta, Muckalee, and Aut>yviIle, The Torhunta and
Muckalee areas showed soil wetness of less than 12" from the surface. The remainder of
the soils present showed soil wetness of 12" to 50" below the surface with no restrictive
horizons within 4 feet of the soil surface, The soils showed good structure and good
internal drainage.
The map also shows the location of a pond and ditches present on the property.
If you have any questions please feel free to contact me at 910-330-2784. Thank You.
Sincerely,
Dlgitallysigned by R.
R7 NAYWOOD PFTTMAN II
R
' ON: m=R. HAYWOOD
ti
PITTMANIIo�PITTMAN
HAYWOODSOII CONIITiNG, au,
email=piltmansoll@yahoo.
.o, .
PITTMAN ! I Date 2 19.06.0521.46:15
-04'00'
R, Haywood Pittman 11
NC Licensed Soil Scientist

4-T"kc14 A, "T- S
Certification by Land Owner (if different from Applicant):
hereby certify that I have read and understand the application submitted by
for a permit to operate a compost facility on land owned by the
undersigned located at (address)
NC, in
Page(s)
(city)
County, and described in Deed Book and
I specifically grant permission for the proposed compost facility planned for operation within the
confines of the land, as indicated in the permit application. I understand that any permit will be
issued in the names of both the operator and the owner of the facility/property. I acknowledge that
ownership of land on which a solid waste management facility is located may subject me to cleanup
of said property in the event that the operator defaults as well as to liability under the federal
Comprehensive Environmental Responsibility, Compensation and Liability Act ("CERCLA"). Without
accepting any fault or liability, I recognize that ownership of land on which a solid waste management
facility is located may subject me to claims from persons who may be harmed in their persons or
property caused by the solid waste management facility.
I am informed that North Carolina General Statute 130A-22 provides for administrative penalties of
up to fifteen thousand dollars ($15,000) per day per each violation of the Solid Waste Management
Rules. I understand that the Solid Waste Management Rules may be revised or amended in the
future, and that the siting and operation of the facility will be required to comply with any such
revisions or amendments.
Signature
Print name
NORTH CAROLINA
County
Date
Notary Public for said County and State, do hereby certify that
personally appeared before me this day and acknowledged the due
execution of the foregoing instrument.
Witness my hand and official seal, this the day of , 20_
(Official Seal)
Notary Public
My commission expires

Signature page ofapplicant —
Name of facility
certify under penalty of law that this document and all attachments were prepared under my
direction or supervision and that the information provided in this application is true, accurate, and
complete to the best of my knowledge.
I understand that North Carolina General Statute 130A-22 provides for administrative penalties of up
to fifteen thousand dollars ($15,000.00) per day per each violation of the Solid Waste Management
Rules. I further understand that the Solid Waste Management Rules may be revised or amended in
the future and that the facility siting and operations of this solid waste management facility will be
required to comply with all such revisions or amendments.
Signature Print Name date
Title
Business or organization name

TCPOGRAPHIC SURVEY FCR
PRELIMINARY
JONATHAN KYLE COX
NOT FOR RECORDATION,
"HERR" MULCH SITE
CONVEYANCES OR 1AL61
CURRENT DYNERi JONATHAN KYLE COX
SOUTH WILLIAMS TOWNSHIP COLUMBUS COUNTY, N.C.
JUNE 28. 2019 SCALE: I" - 200'
PRELIMINARY DOUNDARY ACREAGE
6f.33 ACRES +I-
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GROUND COGRDWATES NA 32,815.88'
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GROUND COOROWAIES E:2.D65.676.48'
+ Fp
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CRID COORDINATES E7.O 67,2943
LINATESE: 349E 29.E
PRELIMINARY
LDN&I DE:-7947'21304
COMBINED fACTCN: 1.00wAw
EVVATION - 91.60°
N07 FOR RECORDATION,
CONVEYANCES OR SALES
DATE
PROJE T No,
KOM
vmlEYwc AND uwvWc 190667
a ELEVATIONS NERFM ARE NEAR SEA LEVEL, (PAR" NAV9 eel
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UI3]ISE NM1 C-6/B6

TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEY FOR
PRELIMINARY
JONATHAN KYLE COX
NOT FOR RECORDATION,
"HERR" MULCH SITE
CONVEYANCES OR SALES
CURRENT OWNER! JONATHAN KYLE COX
SN7uTH YIL#ANTS TOWNSHIP CCLUMOUS COUNTY, N.C.
JUNE 28, 2019 SCALE: 1" = 200'
FREUNINARY 8OUNDARY ACREAGE
81.33 ACRES +!-
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North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality
Division of Waste Management
Solid Waste Section
waste Managemenr
ERVIAO"NERFAL QUAUTT
9-25-17
COMPOST FACILITY
LARGE TYPE 1
PERMIT APPLICATION GUIDANCE
The N.C. Compost Rules are located in 15A NCAC 13B .1400 et seq., and can be viewed online on our
compost webpage: http:l/deg.nc.govZabout/divisions/waste-management/solid-waste-
section/composting.
For Small Type 1 facilities (see Rule .1402 (f)) producing mulch or compost, a permit is not required
but a notification form must be submitted annually, instead of an application:
http://deg.nc.gov/about/divisions/waste-mana,gement/waste-management-permit-guidance/solid-
waste-section/yard-waste.
There are three types of permit actions:
A "new permit" means an application for a permit for a facility that has not been previously
permitted by the Department. A significant expansion, change in the boundaries of a permitted
facility, or change in the facility type may be considered a new permit for permit fee purposes.
A "permit amendment" means (1) an application for the five-year renewal of a permit for a permitted
facility, or (2) an application that proposes a change in ownership or corporate structure of a
permitted facility.
A "permit modification" means an application for a change to the plans approved in a permit for a
compost facility.
A significant expansion or change in the boundaries of a permitted facility may be considered a new
permit for permit fee purposes.
A complete application for a compost facility permit shall consist of drawings and other required
information submitted in report format in a binder.
One paper copy and one electronic (pdf) copy of the application report should be submitted. The
electronic copy can be sent by email, FTP, or on a CD. The drawings must be included in the
electronic copy.
An annual fee of $500 is required for large compost facilities. An application for a new permit is $50.
For a new permit application or permit amendment/renewal application, a compliance history review
will be required of the owner and operator of the facility, in accordance with State statutes. After the
application is submitted, the owner and operator will be sent a letter requesting compliance history
information, and parent, subsidiary, or other affiliate information, which is required in order to
complete the application.
The Solid Waste Section reserves the right to ask for additional information as determined necessary.
This guidance is not a substitute for the applicant reviewing and understanding the applicable North Carolina Statutes
and Administrative Code.

Questions regarding an application should be directed to the Solid Waste Section, Phone 919-707-
8200.
Applications should be sent or brought to the following address:
By Mail or Delivery Service: In Person:
NC DENR, Division of Waste Management NC DENR, Division of Waste Management
Solid Waste Section
1646 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1646
Solid Waste Section
217 West Jones St.
Raleigh, NC 27603
An application for a new permit should address all Sections as listed below.
An application for a permit amendment (permit renewal) should address Sections 1, 3, 4, and 6 (site
plan drawing only).
An application for a permit modification should address Sections 1, 3, 4; and Sections 2 and 6, if the
proposed site changes affect siting requirements.
Compost Facility Application Report Format and Contents
Letter of transmittal, which states desired Department action (including whether the request is for a
new permit, permit amendment, or permit modification)
Title page
Table of Contents
Section 1— General Information - Provide a narrative discussion, including the following:
1. The name of the facility or proposed facility. Street address of the facility. Include a
statement that the facility is or will be Large Type 1.
2. Name, address, telephone number, and email address of the applicant/owner and contact
person.
3. Name, address, telephone number, and email address of the landowner, if not the applicant.
A landowner authorization form must be signed and notarized if the facility owner/operator is
not the landowner (see attached form).
4. Location of the facility. Include the county location, and proximity to nearest town or city. If
the property was previously used for solid waste management activities, provide a description
of the operation including a history of permits or approvals issued, and a map with
boundaries. Describe any other commercial or industrial use of the property.
Section 2 — Siting Requirements — For new sites, or site expansions, provide a narrative discussion
that includes the following items:
1. Provide a map showing the property parcel boundaries and parcel ID information (this can
usually be obtained from the County's GIS website).
2. In an appendix, provide a legal description of the property and a complete copy of the current
land deed. Also provide a copy of any available current plats or survey drawings of the
property. Reference these items in the text of this section.

3. In an appendix, provide a letter from the appropriate City or County official confirming that
the siting of the facility will be in conformance with all zoning and local laws, regulations, and
ordinances, or that no such zoning, laws, regulations, or ordinances are applicable. Reference
the letter in the text of this section.
4. Provide a copy of the FEMA Flood Insurance floodplains map for the area, with the site
property marked on the map (appendix or within the section). Discuss compliance with Rule
.1404 (a)(1),
5. For sites that potentially contain wetlands, provide a letter from the Army Corps of Engineers
that addresses the wetlands determination for the property, and compliance with
requirements, if applicable. Include letter in an appendix and reference the letter in the text
of the section.
6. Address compliance with Rule .1404 (a)(7), concerning sites located over a closed out disposal
area.
7. Address compliance with the soil texture requirements or pad requirements of Rule .1404
(a)(10)(B). Provide a soil evaluation of the site conducted by a soil scientist down to a depth
of four feet, or to bedrock or evidence of a seasonal high water table, to evaluate all chemical
and physical soil properties and depth of the seasonal high water table. Include the report in
an appendix, and reference the report in the text of the Section.
Section 3 - Design and Operation Plan -T- Provide a narrative discussion, broken into appropriate
sections, that includes the following items:
1. Total acreage of the property and the size of the actual compost area. The compost area
includes unloading areas, mixing/processing areas, composting and curing areas, and
feedstock storage areas.
2. List the types of feedstocks to be accepted (for example, yard waste, land clearing debris,
etc.). For each material, list the sources and indicate whether it will be accepted from the
general public.
3. Provide an estimate of the total amount of materials to be received at the facility per day,
week, or month, in tons or cubic yards. Provide an approximate amount for each type of
feedstock to be received, per day, week, or month. Describe any seasonal variation for any of
the materials.
4. Estimated design capacity of the facility. The site capacity is the incoming volume, or
throughput, per year, and is based on the compost method, duration of the process, and the
size of the facility.
5. Description of the compost method (turned windrow, static aerated pile, etc.).
6. Methods used for grinding, mixing, and proportioning materials, as applicable. Plan for
balancing the carbon and nitrogen ratio ("browns" and "greens").
7. Describe compliance with the requirement that temperatures of at least 131OF be maintained
and measured in the compost piles for 3 consecutive days, and the piles aerated to maintain
elevated temperatures. Describe location of monitoring points, probe depth (at least 24 to 36
inches), monitoring frequency, and recordkeeping. The thermometer should be a probe
thermometer, and it should be stated that it will be calibrated at least once per year. Onsite
calibration using ice water is an acceptable method.
8. The method of aeration provided, and frequency, for both composting and curing piles.

9. A narrative description of the compost process, from beginning to end, to include arrival of
materials, unloading, storing, grinding, mixing, composting, curing, final product storage, and
removal from site. Identify the location that each of the activities takes place. Provide the
anticipated process duration for each stage of the process, including receiving, preparation,
composting, curing, and distribution. Describe distribution and ultimate use of the finished
compost.
10. If the site will have a separate mulching operation, provide a narrative description from
beginning to end, to include unloading of materials, material storage, grinding, mulch storage,
and removal from site. Identify the location that the activities take place. Provide the
estimated length of time for storage onsite. Describe distribution and ultimate use of the
mulch.
11. Pile sizes for feedstock, composting, curing, and final product storage (width and height).
Length is unlimited within the permitted boundary of each area. Describe distance between
rows, to provide vehicular access in the event of a fire. Storage of wood debris, mulch, and
finished compost should be in rows no larger than 50 feet wide and 30 feet high.
12. A process flow diagram of the entire facility, including the type, size, and location of all major
equipment, and feedstock flow streams. Also include plans and specifications for the facility,
including manufacturer's performance data for all equipment selected.
13. Surface water control features, including run-on and run-off. Grading and sloping of site
surface to prevent ponding of water. Surface water must be diverted from the operational,
compost curing, and storage areas.
14. Method for screening loads for unacceptable waste. Describe plan for handling incoming
loads that contain unacceptable waste. Describe storage of the unacceptable waste, the
frequency of removal of the waste (at least weekly), and final disposition.
15. Site security and access control. The site must be secured by gates, chains, berms, fences, or
other measures to prevent unauthorized entry.
16. List of personnel required and the responsibilities of each position.
17. Confirm that an operator will be on duty at the site at all times while the facility is open for
public use to ensure compliance with operational requirements.
18. Confirm that access roads will be of all-weather construction and maintained in good
condition.
19. A list and description of the equipment, scales, structures, and any other compost
management devices. Also describe equipment maintenance.
20. Signs to be posted at the entrance. Signs must provide a description of the types of materials
received, the types of waste prohibited, operating hours, permit number, and emergency
contact phone numbers. The sign should state that no hazardous waste, asbestos containing
waste, or medical waste can be received at the site. The application should state whether the
site will receive materials from the general public.
21. Discuss compliance with the following buffer requirements: 50-foot buffer to the property
line, 200-foot buffer to residences, 100-foot buffer to wells, 50-foot buffer to perennial
streams/rivers, and a 25-foot buffer to ditches and berms (to allow vehicle access in the event
of a fire). Buffer requirements apply to unloading areas, composting and curing areas,

processing areas, and feedstock storage areas. Finished compost may be stored within the
buffer.
22. Permanent boundary markers may be required, depending on the layout of the site, to
maintain the operation's required setbacks to the property line or to other nearby residences,
wells, floodplains, etc. If natural or existing benchmarks don't exist, include a description of
the boundary markers, installed at intervals to allow for line of sight from one marker to the
next.
23. Describe recordkeeping and annual reporting in accordance with Rule .1408 (b), (c), and (d).
Plan should indicate that a copy of the permit, operations plan, and site drawings will be kept
on site at all times. Provide a copy of the temperature log forms.
24. For new or modified sites in which construction will disturb natural soils, a copy of the
sedimentation and erosion control plan and permit if required by local governments and/or
the NC Division of land Resources. Include summary, maps, and informational pages, but do
not include calculation pages.
25. Plan for fire prevention and actions to be taken in the event of an accidental fire. Describe
equipment provided to control accidental fires and arrangements made with the local fire
protection agency to provide services when needed.
26. Plan for maintaining facility property in a sanitary condition and actions to be taken to
minimize noise, vectors, and dust. Describe procedures to prevent dust from leaving the
property boundary.
27. Contingency plans for wind, heavy rain, snow, freezing weather, equipment breakdown, spills,
and other adverse conditions.
28. Site safety procedures concerning onsite equipment (especially grinders), safety during
unloading and loading of materials, and any other possible site hazards to workers or the
public.
Section 4 — Signature Pages
Place signature page(s) at the end of the application text, before the appendices.
1. Applicant signature page (see attached).
2. If the landowner of the property is not the applicant, the attached certification form by the
land owner is required.
Section 5 — Stormwater Discharge and Sedimentation and Erosion Control Plan
For new facilities or existing facilities with proposed construction modifications, provide:
1. A copy of the sedimentation and erosion control plan and permit as required by local
governments and/or the NC Division of Land Resources,
2. A copy of the DEMLR stormwater/process discharge application and permit.
Section 6„—Drawing
s
Drawings should be drawn to scale and include:
1. An aerial photograph, where one inch is less than or equal to 400 feet, accurately showing the
area within one-fourth mile of the proposed site's boundaries. It may be included in the Siting
Requirements Section, if it can be appropriately sized 11x17. The following should be drawn
or labeled on the photograph:
a. Boundaries of entire property owned or leased by the person proposing the facility;

6
b. Location of all homes, wells, industrial buildings, public or private utilities, roads,
streams, water bodies, intermittent streams/ditches, and other applicable information
regarding the general topography within 500 feet of the facility.
2. Site plan drawing where one inch is less than or equal to 100 feet that delineates the
following:
a. Buffers from the compost area to property lines, residences, wells, and perennial
streams/rivers and water bodies. The compost area includes unloading, mixing,
storage, composting, grinding, and curing areas.
b. Gates/fences or other access control features.
c. Existing and proposed contours, at intervals appropriate to the topography.
d. Location and elevations of berms, ditches, basins, and other water control features for
the diversion and management of surface water.
e. Labeled areas for unloading, storage, grinding, composting, curing, and final product
storage. Illustrate the location of all piles and windrows onsite, including storage,
active compost, curing, and finished compost. Drawings should show that all sides of
storage areas for flammable feedstocks and compost will be clear and drivable, to
provide vehicular access in the event of a fire. Identify areas for mulch operations, if
applicable.
f. Utilities and structures/buildings, existing and proposed.
g. Other physical characteristics of the site, as applicable.

+TrkcJ4 tl� s,oT" S
Certification by Land Owner (if different from Applicant):
I hereby certify that I have read and understand the application submitted by
for a permit to operate a compost facility on land owned by the
undersigned located at (address)
NC, in
(city)
County, and described in Deed Book and
Page(s)
I specifically grant permission for the proposed compost facility planned for operation within the
confines of the land, as indicated in the permit application. I understand that any permit will be
issued in the names of both the operator and the owner of the facility/property. I acknowledge that
ownership of land on which a solid waste management facility is located may subject me to cleanup
of said property in the event that the operator defaults as well as to liability under the federal
Comprehensive Environmental Responsibility, Compensation and Liability Act ("CERCLA"). Without
accepting any fault or liability, I recognize that ownership of land on which a solid waste management
facility is located may subject me to claims from persons who may be harmed in their persons or
property caused by the solid waste management facility.
I am informed that North Carolina General Statute 130A-22 provides for administrative penalties of
LIP to fifteen thousand dollars ($15,000) per day per each violation of the Solid Waste Management
Rules. I understand that the Solid Waste Management Rules may be revised or amended in the
future, and that the siting and operation of the facility will be required to comply with any such
revisions or amendments.
S ` ture
Print name
NORTH CAROLINA
County
2 a
Date
I A ry Public for said County and State, do hereby certify that
)0 pe onally appeared before me this day and acknowledged the due
execution of��� ;going instrument.
°�(� �AIN'U^�v��9,o
Wit n s ttd°at��o�1`16Y seal, this the day o 2061-4 �
o
> Notary P lic
�`,�� My commission expires

Signature page of applicant —
Name of facility
I certify under penalty of law that this document and all attachments were prepared under my
direction or supervision and that the information provided in this application is true, accurate, and
complete to the best of my knowledge.
I understand that North Carolina General Statute 130A-22 provides for administrative penalties of up
to fifteen thousand dollars ($15,000.00) per day per each violation of the Solid Waste Management
Rules. I further understand that the Solid Waste Management Rules may be revised or amended in
the future and that the facility siting and operations of this solid waste management facility will be
required to comply with all such revisions or amendments.
1) OnAe'M' 0,)(- -6 20
Print Name Date
Title
Business or organization name