Loading...
HomeMy WebLinkAbout06016_Rad Spec_Final SMP with Appendices 2013.07.18 -DEQ Approval Letter1646 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1646 Phone: 919-707-8200 \ Internet: http://portal.ncdenr.org/web/wm An Equal Opportunity \ Affirmative Action Employer – 50% Recycled \ 10% Post Consumer Paper North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources Division of Waste Management Pat McCrory Dexter R. Matthews Governor Director John E. Skvarla, III Secretary   July 19, 2013 Sent Via Email Chad Grubbs, PG Hart & Hickman, PC 2923 South Tryon Street, Suite 100 Charlotte, NC 28203 CGrubbs@harthickman.com Subject: Soil Management for “Areas of Known Soil Contamination” Approval Radiator Specialty Charlotte, Mecklenburg County Brownfields Project Number 06016-02-60 Dear Mr. Grubbs: On July 18, 2013, the North Carolina Brownfields Program received the revised Soil Management Plan for “Areas of Known Soil Contamination” at the above referenced brownfields property. For purposes of brownfields agreement compliance with Land Use Restriction Number 2, this work plan is approved. Be advised that this approval from the Brownfields Program does not waive any applicable requirement to obtain any necessary permits, licenses or certifications for the above listed activities nor does it waive any requirement to comply with applicable law for such activities. If you have any questions or comments, please contact me at 704/661-0330. Sincerely, Carolyn Minnich Carolyn Minnich Brownfields Project Manager Division of Waste Management ec: Bruce Nicholson, NCDENR Benne Hutson, bhutson@mcguirewoods.com Dee Freeman Secretary Suttle Avenue, LLC Brownfields Agreement Soil Management Plan for “Areas of Known Soil Contamination” 2001 Suttle Avenue Charlotte, North Carolina H&H Job No. BTP-003 July 18, 2013 i S:\AAA-Master Projects\Bryant Park (BTP-003) Tract F Update 2013\SMP\Final Revisions\Final SMP 7-18-13.docx Suttle Avenue, LLC Brownfields Agreement Soil Management Plan for “Areas of Known Soil Contamination” 2001 Suttle Avenue Charlotte, North Carolina H&H Job No. BTP-003 Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction & Intent ................................................................................................ 1 2.0 Environmental Action Objectives ............................................................................ 2 3.0 Site Conditions ........................................................................................................... 3 3.1 Summary of Redevelopment Considerations........................................................... 4 4.0 Proposed Environmental Actions ............................................................................. 5 4.1 Soil Management in “Areas of Known Contamination” ......................................... 5 4.2 Underground Utilities .............................................................................................. 7 4.3 Discovery of Unanticipated Environmental Conditions .......................................... 8 4.4 Water Management .................................................................................................. 8 4.5 Fill Material ............................................................................................................. 9 4.6 Dust Control ........................................................................................................... 10 4.7 Decontamination and Earth Moving Equipment ................................................... 10 ii S:\AAA-Master Projects\Bryant Park (BTP-003) Tract F Update 2013\SMP\Final Revisions\Final SMP 7-18-13.docx List of Figures Figure 1 Site Location Map Figure 2 Phase 3 Redevelopment Area Map Figure 3 Preliminary Site Development Plan and Historic Soil Sampling Locations List of Appendices Appendix A Historical PCB Soil Analytical Data Appendix B Historical SVOC Soil Analytical Data Appendix C Historical VOC Soil Analytical Data Appendix D Preliminary Grading Plan and Cross-Section Appendix E Tract F June 2013 PCB Soil Analytical Data and Sample Location Figure Appendix F Health & Safety Plan 1 S:\AAA-Master Projects\Bryant Park (BTP-003) Tract F Update 2013\SMP\Final Revisions\Final SMP 7-18-13.docx Suttle Avenue, LLC Brownfields Agreement Soil Management Plan for “Areas of Known Soil Contamination” 2001 Suttle Avenue Charlotte, North Carolina H&H Job No. BTP-003 1.0 Introduction & Intent Previously, the North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources (NCDENR) and Suttle Avenue, LLC entered into a Brownfields Agreement (BFA) dated February 21, 2011 and filed with the Mecklenburg County Register of Deeds on March 1, 2011 covering the properties located at 1900 and 2016 Wilkinson Boulevard, and 2000, 2001 and 2120 Suttle Avenue. A site location map is provided as Figure 1. Suttle Avenue, LLC is planning to develop the portion of the property located at 2001 Suttle Avenue (which is also referred to as Tract F in the BFA) and the northern portion of 1900 Wilkinson Boulevard (referred to as Tract G in the BFA) with the construction of a charter high school, associated structures and surface parking. Schools are a specifically permitted use under the BFA. Construction is scheduled to begin in early August 2013. The purpose of this Soil Management Plan for “Areas of Known Soil Contamination” (the Plan) is to present the actions which may be necessary as part of this redevelopment to comply with the requirements of the BFA that apply to portions of the site designated as an “Area of Known Soil Contamination”. It is anticipated that this Plan can adequately address most situations that may be encountered during site redevelopment activities. However, Suttle Avenue, LLC reserves the right to amend this Plan should conditions arise that were not expected. 2 S:\AAA-Master Projects\Bryant Park (BTP-003) Tract F Update 2013\SMP\Final Revisions\Final SMP 7-18-13.docx 2.0 Environmental Action Objectives The BFA requires that disturbance of soil in areas denominated “Areas of Known Soil Contamination,” which includes certain areas on the portion of the site to be developed, requires pre-approval by NCDENR. These are identified on Figure 3 which presents an overlay of the preliminary site development plan on a map showing historic sampling locations and areas designated “Area of Known Soil Contamination.” The BFA also requires that PCB levels in soil meet the following standards before an area is used: In exposed soil areas: • One (1) part per million to a depth of five (5) feet • 830 parts per million from a depth of five (5) feet to a maximum depth (at DENR’s discretion) of up to 14 feet below grade For areas of the property covered by an impervious surface or hard pervious surface: • 83 parts per million to a depth of five (5) feet • 830 parts per million from a depth of five (5) feet to a maximum depth (at DENR’s discretion) of up to 14 feet below grade Actions described in this Plan are intended to achieve compliance with these standards. Actions described in this Plan are also intended to provide conditions which are adequately protective of construction, utility and other workers and other persons who may be on site during development activities, with regard to the following potential exposure risks: • Exposure to contaminated soil – dermal contact; ingestion; or inhalation of contaminated dust; and • Exposure to potentially contaminated groundwater – dermal contact; or ingestion. 3 S:\AAA-Master Projects\Bryant Park (BTP-003) Tract F Update 2013\SMP\Final Revisions\Final SMP 7-18-13.docx 3.0 Site Conditions Historically, soil sampling for PCBs in the proposed development area was conducted in 2002, September 2007, and December 2007. A total of 79 samples from 53 locations were analyzed for PCBs. Historical soil boring locations are depicted in Figure 3. A summary table of analytical results for PCBs is included as Appendix A. Results exceeding the BFA screening levels for PCBs are identified in the Notice of Brownfields Property, the BFA and the Brownfields plat. Summary tables of analytical results for SVOCs and VOCs in the Areas of Known Soil Contamination are presented in Appendices B and C, respectively. As noted previously and as illustrated on the cross-section in Appendix D, the redevelopment area will require significant excavation to lower the existing grade to accommodate the proposed redevelopment. Based on previous detections of PCBs at levels exceeding BFA screening levels, additional soil sampling was recently completed to further refine knowledge of the impacts and to assist decision-making on the final disposition of this material. In June 2013, 15 additional soil borings were installed and 27 soil samples were collected for PCB analysis. Soil samples were collected from a range of depths from 1 to 15 feet below grade. The June 2013 analytical results and sample locations are provided as Table 1 and Figure 1 of Appendix E, respectively. Results indicate that PCBs were not detected in any of the samples at concentrations that exceed 83 parts per million. Additionally, none of the ten samples collected from depths between 10 to 15 feet below grade had PCBs detected at concentrations greater than 1 part per million and most were below laboratory detection limits. Overall, the June 2013 results indicate that PCB impacts in the main “Area of Known Contamination” are at low concentrations, except for previously identified isolated impacts. 4 S:\AAA-Master Projects\Bryant Park (BTP-003) Tract F Update 2013\SMP\Final Revisions\Final SMP 7-18-13.docx 3.1 Summary of Redevelopment Considerations Significant grade variations, unconsolidated fill areas, and the existence of non-structural fill within the redevelopment area will require significant earth moving and soil engineering to achieve acceptable grades and compaction for the proposed development. Excavated soils will be utilized to fill areas such as beneath proposed parking lot areas, behind retaining walls, and/or beneath buildings. Soil placement will be done to meet the BFA standards for PCBs in soil. Additional details regarding onsite soil placement are discussed in Section 4.1. Excavation and grading activities may pose ingestion, dermal contact, or dust inhalation concerns for construction workers and the nearby community during redevelopment activities. Because of these potential concerns, work conducted as part of the redevelopment will take the health and safety precautions necessary for safe execution of such work. The chosen contractor for grading operations will be required to provide a site-specific HSP to inform and ensure the safety of workers. Additionally, steps will be implemented that are protective of the community such as dust monitoring and the decontamination of equipment and trucks before they leave the site. A HSP is provided in Appendix F. The selected contractor may choose to adopt this plan or prepare a separate plan for its onsite workers. However, the aspects that are protective of the public must meet or exceed those steps outlined in the HSP included in this document. 5 S:\AAA-Master Projects\Bryant Park (BTP-003) Tract F Update 2013\SMP\Final Revisions\Final SMP 7-18-13.docx 4.0 Proposed Environmental Actions Suttle Avenue LLC’s proposed plan for Tract F is attached as Figure 3. The figure is overlain with the following features: (1) locations where soil and/or groundwater samples have been collected on this portion of the property; (2) the outlines of proposed school buildings and associated facilities, including associated parking; and (3) areas denoted on the Brownfields plat as an “Area of Known Soil Contamination.” The proposed redevelopment is generally comprised of site grading; installation of infrastructure drainage lines and utilities; earthwork to achieve the desired final grade; landscaping; and construction of school buildings, associated asphalt and/or concrete surface parking areas and other hardscape surfaces. The following criteria will be used to direct environmental actions in the redevelopment area. 4.1 Soil Management in “Areas of Known Contamination” Due to significant grade variations, unconsolidated fill areas, and the likely existence of non- structural fill within the Areas of Known Soil Contamination, significant earth moving and soil engineering must occur to achieve acceptable grades and compaction for redevelopment. Suttle Avenue LLC plans to excavate approximately 10 feet of material from the main Tract F Area of Known Soil Contamination to allow construction of school facilities. As discussed with DENR, these soils will be relocated underneath the proposed parking lot located along the southern end of the site (refer to Figure 3). Smaller quantities of these soils may be placed in other areas where fill is needed such as behind retaining walls planned on the western side of the proposed Phase 2 building (refer to Figures in Appendix D), or underneath site buildings.. In all instances, this relocated fill will be placed at depths and beneath covers which are consistent with the criteria for PCBs specified in the BFA. Upon completion of the project, areas where soils were relocated from areas of known contamination will be surveyed by a licensed surveyor and the Brownfields plat will be revised. 6 S:\AAA-Master Projects\Bryant Park (BTP-003) Tract F Update 2013\SMP\Final Revisions\Final SMP 7-18-13.docx Soils will then be re-graded to facilitate the preparation of an area where building can occur on the property. Specifically, the grading will allow for the construction of parking lots and building pads to support development of the school buildings and associated surface parking lots. While re-grading is ongoing, soil engineering may also be performed. Buried demolition debris and materials that must be removed to facilitate development will be shaken to remove potentially contaminated dirt, segregated as needed, and disposed or recycled at an approved facility. After potentially contaminated dirt is shaken off of land clearing debris to the degree practical with the land clearing equipment, the land clearing debris will be disposed off-site at an approved LCID (land clearing and inert debris) landfill. A preliminary version of the grading plan for the site including current and proposed topographic lines is included in Appendix D. The following specific actions will be taken in the Areas of Known Soil Contamination: 1) Following re-grading and engineering of soils, the Areas of Known Soil Contamination where grass or trees will be planted will be covered with two feet of clean fill and five feet of clean fill respectively, as defined in the BFA. Following re-grading, soils beneath impervious surfaces (as defined in the BFA) will not contain PCBs in excess of 83 ppm to a depth of 5 feet. Current sample data in the main Tract F Area of Known Soil Contamination indicates PCBs below 1 ppm at a depth of 10 - 15 feet. This soil will be 0 – 5 feet below grade after the site is cut to allow construction of the proposed Phase I building. A post development confirmation sampling work plan will be submitted and approved by DENR. The sampling will include collection of confirmation samples only in areas with exposed soil. 7 S:\AAA-Master Projects\Bryant Park (BTP-003) Tract F Update 2013\SMP\Final Revisions\Final SMP 7-18-13.docx 2) Soil with PCB concentrations exceeding 830 ppm will not be placed on the property if excavated but instead will be transported off site for proper disposal. In boring F-S-10, PCBs were detected in 2007 at a concentration of less than 0.43 mg/kg at 2 to 3 feet below ground surface, and a concentration of 2,600 mg/kg at 4 to 5 feet below ground surface. As Suttle Avenue LLC has discussed with the Brownfields program, before earth moving and soil engineering is to be performed in the Tract F Fill Area, soils exceeding the 830 ppm PCB criteria in the vicinity of Boring F-S-10 will be excavated. Based on the results of the June 2013 additional sampling, the excavation extent will be approximately eight (8) feet in length and width and nine (9) feet in depth. The depth of the excavation shall be measured from the current ground surface. The center of the excavation shall, as nearly as possible, be the former location of Boring F-S-10. Excavated soils shall be set aside in a secure area while awaiting analytical data necessary for off-site disposal. The soil will be placed in a lined roll-off container and covered with secured plastic sheeting. Following receipt of necessary analytical data, the soils will be appropriately disposed of at a properly licensed/permitted off-site facility. Confirmatory sampling of the F-S-10 area will be performed following completion of the excavation. One five-aliquot sample will be collected from the base and each of the three sidewalls and analyzed for total PCBs. Because the boring is in close proximity to an existing steep slope, it is anticipated that only three sidewalls will be created by the excavation. If laboratory analytical results indicate that the total PCB concentration of a given sidewall or base sample is in excess of the 830 mg/kg screening level, excavation of that wall will be advanced laterally an additional 6” to 12” and a new 5-point composite will be collected and analyzed. This process will continue until all confirmatory samples are less than 830 ppm for total PCBs. 4.2 Underground Utilities New buried utility lines (water, natural gas, electrical), storm water drainage lines, sanitary sewer lines, roof drains, and other constructed subsurface features may be installed in areas of 8 S:\AAA-Master Projects\Bryant Park (BTP-003) Tract F Update 2013\SMP\Final Revisions\Final SMP 7-18-13.docx contaminated soil. Trench excavations will be backfilled with soil from either on-site or off-site sources that meets the requirements of the BFA. 4.3 Discovery of Unanticipated Environmental Conditions If contamination is discovered at the site during redevelopment that is not similar in nature to impacts identified during initial assessment activities, Suttle Ave, LLC will contact DENR to discuss the appropriate course of action. Impacted soil may be stockpiled in a secure area on and covered by plastic sheeting while awaiting characterization analytical results. If any such soil is a RCRA hazardous waste, it will be excavated for appropriate off-site disposal. While awaiting necessary data, work will continue at the site. Suspected impacted groundwater may be containerized pending characterization. If a container is encountered during site development, it will be removed and disposed of or recycled at an approved facility in accordance with applicable laws and regulations. Following removal of the container, the immediate area will be inspected for signs of a release using field methods. If a release is suspected, DENR will be contacted to discuss the appropriate course of action. If an underground tank is discovered during redevelopment, it will be closed in accordance with applicable laws and regulations. If buried piping is encountered and must be removed to allow redevelopment to proceed, the contractor will inspect the pipe for fluids, collect and sample fluids where appropriate, and look for signs of a release using field methods. If a release is suspected, DENR will be contacted to discuss the appropriate course of action. 4.4 Water Management Water generated during construction activities will be managed to prevent exposure or cross contamination. Based on the depth to groundwater in the vicinity of the proposed construction activities, it is unlikely that groundwater will be encountered. However, it is possible that 9 S:\AAA-Master Projects\Bryant Park (BTP-003) Tract F Update 2013\SMP\Final Revisions\Final SMP 7-18-13.docx precipitation events will occur during the construction activities and require appropriate management. Equipment decontamination water may also be generated during grading activities. 1) Use of groundwater will be restricted, as required by the BFA. 2) If surface water run-off gathers in an excavation within an Area of Known Soil Contamination, it will be allowed to evaporate, used for dust control in an Area of Known Soil Contamination, or tested and properly disposed offsite at a properly licensed facility. 3) If groundwater accumulates in an open excavation within an Area of Known Soil Contamination, it will be allowed to evaporate, tested and used for dust control in an Area of Known Soil Contamination, or tested and disposed of at a properly licensed facility. 4) Decontamination water (as discussed in Section 4.7) will either be containerized for offsite disposal or utilized in the Areas of Known Soil Contamination for dust suppression. 5) Water at the site may be discharged to the City of Charlotte sanitary sewer system, if approved by the City. 4.5 Fill Material Fill material will be required to achieve desired grades and to meet the requirements of the BFA for PCBs in soil. Such fill will be “clean fill” as that term is defined in the BFA. 10 S:\AAA-Master Projects\Bryant Park (BTP-003) Tract F Update 2013\SMP\Final Revisions\Final SMP 7-18-13.docx 4.6 Dust Control Preventing exposure to airborne contaminants will be addressed during site activities. As such, on-site personnel shall take precautions to reduce the airborne exposure potential to site contaminants for both on-site personnel and the public. This will be accomplished by using the following dust control measures. Dust will be controlled by keeping site access roads and active work areas damp and by watering or misting as necessary prior to and during grading activities. A water truck and/or appropriate water misting equipment will be available, if needed, at the site during work activities that may produce dust. In addition, the subcontractor may also utilize polyethylene sheeting to protect exposed soils and mitigate the potential for dust. If operations generate sustained visible dust, dust monitoring equipment will be utilized. If dust levels exceed those specified in the HSP (Appendix F), grading activities will cease and additional safety measures may be implemented. 4.7 Decontamination and Earth Moving Equipment To protect the neighboring community and to prevent contaminant migration at the site, earth moving equipment will be decontaminated prior to leaving the Areas of Known Soil Contamination. The following summarizes the decontamination requirements at the site: 1) In the event that impacted soil needs to be transported off-site for disposal, trucks transporting impacted material will be lined and covered to prevent spillage of the soil from the truck during transport. In addition, these trucks will be decontaminated prior to leaving the site. Two alternatives for decontamination are provided below, depending on the construction activities: a. If the trucks remain in non-impacted areas or on clean gravel while they are loaded, loose materials will be dry brushed from the trucks prior to leaving the site. 11 S:\AAA-Master Projects\Bryant Park (BTP-003) Tract F Update 2013\SMP\Final Revisions\Final SMP 7-18-13.docx b. If trucks drive onto the contaminated areas of the site, the tires of the vehicle will be dry brushed as needed and then pressure washed in a tire wash station to remove visible soil. The tire wash station will be lined with 10-mil plastic, and the wash water will be collected in storage containers or drums. 2) Trucks transporting soils across the site and earth moving equipment such as excavators or dozers will likely be in direct contact with impacted soils. This equipment must be decontaminated if it leaves a contaminated area of the site or prior to being mobilized off- site. Decontamination for this equipment will include dry brushing/scraping techniques and pressure washing in a decontamination area to remove visible soil. The decontamination area will be lined with 10-mil plastic, and the wash water will be collected in storage containers or drums. Decontamination for these trucks and equipment will include any area of the vehicle or equipment which came into direct contact with soils or visible dust including, but not limited to, dump truck beds and sides, equipment buckets, and tracks and/or tires. Decontamination activities can be minimized by limiting only essential equipment in the contaminated area and not removing equipment from the contaminated area until all grading work within contaminated areas is complete. 3) Equipment utilized to place clean fill will be previously decontaminated equipment or equipment not previously utilized in a contaminated area. 4) Decontamination waste will be managed appropriately. Soils generated will either be containerized and shipped off-site after profiling or they will be placed on-site in a manner that complies with the BFA. Wash water generated will be either be containerized and manifested for off-site shipment, discharged to the City’s sanitary sewer (if approved by the City) or it will be utilized for dust control in contaminated areas. SITE 0 2000 4000 APPROXIMATE SCALE IN FEET N U.S.G.S. QUADRANGLE MAPS QUADRANGLE 7.5 MINUTE SERIES (TOPOGRAPHIC) TITLE PROJECT SITE LOCATION MAP BRYANT PARK REDEVELOPMENT AREA 3 CHARLOTTE, NORTH CAROLINA DATE: JOB NO: REVISION NO: FIGURE: 06/27/2013 0 1 BTP-003 2923 S. Tryon Street, Suite 100 Charlotte, NC 28203 704.586.0007(p) 704.586.0373(f) CHARLOTTE WEST, NC 1993 PHOTOREVISED: NO CHARLOTTE EAST, NC 1967 PHOTOREVISED: 1988 Appendix A Historical PCB Soil Analytical Data Appendix AHistorical PCB Soil Analytical DataProposed Redevelopment Area(Page 1 of 4)H&H Job No. BTP-003Area of Concern Boring ID TP-7 TP-8 F-1 F-2Date Collected 4/22/2002 4/22/2002 5/17/20025/17/2002 6/11/2002 6/11/2002 6/11/2002 6/11/2002 6/11/2002 6/11/2002 9/5/2007 9/5/2007 9/5/2007 9/5/2007 9/5/2007 9/5/2007 9/5/2007 9/5/2007 9/5/2007 9/5/2007Boring Depth (ft) 774430303035353520202020202020202020Sample Depth (ft) 7 7 3-4 3-4 3.5-5 8.5-10 13.5-15 6-8 13-15 18-20 2-3 6-7 15-16 2-3 6-7 2-3 6-7 15-16 2-3 6-7PCBs (Method 8082)PCB-1242 (mg/kg) 180.00 36.00 18.00 2.30 1.2 *<0.05 <0.05310.00 0.80 0.12 0.30<0.473.70 98.00 1.40 4.00 0.23 1.50 45.00<0.061NotesAll units in mg/kgData includes Results of Site Assessment Activities (H&H, August 19, 2002); Supplemental Soil Sampling Activities (H&H, February 20, 2008); and Additional Soil Sampling Activities (Tract F) (H&H, November 3, 2008)*Arochlor 1242 was not detected but Arochlor 1254 was detected at a concentration of 1.2 mg/kg for B-1 (3.5-5') on 6/11/02Samples reflected in this table are in "Areas of Known Soil Contamination" for the proposed redevlopment area.Tract F Wooded AreaB-1 B-2 F-S-1 F-S-4Tract F Fill AreaF-S-5 F-S-6S:\AAA-Master Projects\Bryant Park (BTP-003) Tract F Update 2013\EAP Addendum\Revised Documents\Appendicies A-C & E.xlsx7/3/2013Appendix A (Page 1 of 4)Historical PCB Soil Analytical DataHart & Hickman, PC Appendix AHistorical PCB Soil Analytical DataProposed Redevelopment Area(Page 2 of 4)H&H Job No. BTP-003Area of Concern Boring IDDate CollectedBoring Depth (ft)Sample Depth (ft)PCBs (Method 8082)PCB-1242 (mg/kg)9/5/2007 9/5/2007 9/5/2007 9/5/2007 9/5/2007 9/6/2007 9/6/2007 9/6/2007 9/6/2007 9/6/20079/6/2007 9/6/2007 9/6/2007 9/6/2007 9/6/2007 9/6/2007 9/7/2007 9/7/2007 9/7/200720 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 202-3 4-5 2-3 6-7 16-17 2-3 6-7 2-3 6-7 19-20 2-3 6-7 17-18 2-3 6-7 14-15 2-3 6-7 15-16<0.432,600.00 10.00 5.60 0.13 19.00 1.90 2.60 0.24 0.54 13.00 0.16 0.71 0.11 28.00 0.35 4.80 12.00 2.30NotesAll units in mg/kgData includes Results of Site Assessment Activities (H&H, August 19, 2002); Supplemental Soil Sampling Activities (H&H, February 20, 2008); and Additional Soil Sampling Activities (Tract F) (H&H, November 3, 2008)*Arochlor 1242 was not detected but Arochlor 1254 was detected at a concentration of 1.2 mg/kg for B-1 (3.5-5') on 6/11/02Samples reflected in this table are in "Areas of Known Soil Contamination" for the proposed redevlopment area.F-S-10 F-S-11F-S-13 F-S-15Tract F Fill AreaF-S-17 F-S-20 F-S-23S:\AAA-Master Projects\Bryant Park (BTP-003) Tract F Update 2013\EAP Addendum\Revised Documents\Appendicies A-C & E.xlsx7/3/2013Appendix A (Page 2 of 4)Historical PCB Soil Analytical DataHart & Hickman, PC Appendix AHistorical PCB Soil Analytical DataProposed Redevelopment Area(Page 3 of 4)H&H Job No. BTP-003Area of Concern Boring IDDate CollectedBoring Depth (ft)Sample Depth (ft)PCBs (Method 8082)PCB-1242 (mg/kg)F-HA-119/7/2007 9/7/2007 9/7/2007 9/7/2007 9/7/2007 9/7/2007 9/7/2007 9/7/2007 9/7/2007 9/7/20079/7/2007 12/14/2007 12/14/2007 12/14/2007 12/14/2007 12/14/20072020202020202020202020444442-3 7-8 17-18 2-3 6-7 12-13 2-3 6-7 2-3 9-10 15-16 0-1 3-4 0-1 0-1 3-40.47 10.00<0.515.40 0.17 0.71 5.300.11 0.15 5.40 1.60<0.48 <0.45 <0.45 <0.45 <0.43NotesAll units in mg/kgData includes Results of Site Assessment Activities (H&H, August 19, 2002); Supplemental Soil Sampling Activities (H&H, February 20, 2008); and Additional Soil Sampling Activities (Tract F) (H&H, November 3, 2008)*Arochlor 1242 was not detected but Arochlor 1254 was detected at a concentration of 1.2 mg/kg for B-1 (3.5-5') on 6/11/02Samples reflected in this table are in "Areas of Known Soil Contamination" for the proposed redevlopment area.F-HA-12Tract F Wooded AreaTract F Fill AreaF-HA-7F-S-28 F-S-29F-S-25 F-S-27S:\AAA-Master Projects\Bryant Park (BTP-003) Tract F Update 2013\EAP Addendum\Revised Documents\Appendicies A-C & E.xlsx7/3/2013Appendix A (Page 3 of 4)Historical PCB Soil Analytical DataHart & Hickman, PC Appendix AHistorical PCB Soil Analytical DataProposed Redevelopment Area(Page 4 of 4)H&H Job No. BTP-003Area of Concern Boring IDDate CollectedBoring Depth (ft)Sample Depth (ft)PCBs (Method 8082)PCB-1242 (mg/kg)G-B8-AST-3G-B9-UST-2 G-ED-1 G-ED-5 G-ED-10 G-FS-2 G-FS-2(A) G-FS-3 G-ND-3 G-ND-3A(D) G-ND-111/22/2002 4/11/2002 4/11/20024/11/2002 4/11/2002 1/9/20071/9/2007 1/22/2002 1/24/20024/15/2002 4/15/2002 4/15/20024/15/2002 4/15/2002 4/15/2002 1/25/2002 4/11/2002 4/11/2002 1/22/2002 1/22/2002 4/11/20021212121212 4 4 1012 8 12121212121210 4 1212126-8 2-4 10-12 2-4 8-10 1-2 3-4 8-10 6-10 2-4 2-4 6-10 2-4 8-10 2-4 0-4 8-10 2-4 2-6 2-6 2-4NA NA NA NA NA <0.0614.60NA<0.05NANANANANA15.00<0.50 NA NA <50 <50 NANotesAll units in mg/kgData includes Results of Site Assessment Activities (H&H, August 19, 2002); Supplemental Soil Sampling Activities (H&H, February 20, 2008); and Additional Soil Sampling Activities (Tract F) (H&H, November 3, 2008)*Arochlor 1242 was not detected but Arochlor 1254 was detected at a concentration of 1.2 mg/kg for B-1 (3.5-5') on 6/11/02Samples reflected in this table are in "Areas of Known Soil Contamination" for the proposed redevlopment area.G-B8-AST-3(A) G-B8-AST-4 G-B8-OF-2 G-ED-7 G-ED-9Tract GS:\AAA-Master Projects\Bryant Park (BTP-003) Tract F Update 2013\EAP Addendum\Revised Documents\Appendicies A-C & E.xlsx7/3/2013Appendix A (Page 4 of 4)Historical PCB Soil Analytical DataHart & Hickman, PC Appendix B Historical SVOC Soil Analytical Data Appendix BHistorical SVOC Soil Analytical DataProposed Redevelopment Area(Page 1 of 4)H&H Job No. BTP-003Area of Concern Boring ID TP-7 TP-8 F-1 F-2Date Collected 4/22/2002 4/22/2002 5/17/2002 5/17/2002 6/11/2002 6/11/2002 6/11/2002 6/11/2002 6/11/2002 6/11/2002 9/5/2007 9/5/2007 9/5/2007 9/5/2007 9/5/2007 9/5/2007 9/5/2007 9/5/2007 9/5/2007 9/5/2007Boring Depth (ft)774430303035353520202020202020202020Sample Depth (ft) 7 7 3-4 3-4 3.5-5 8.5-10 13.5-15 6-8 13-15 18-20 2-3 6-7 15-16 2-3 6-7 2-3 6-7 15-16 2-3 6-7Semi-VOCs (Method 8270)Acenaphthene<0.400 <0.350 NA NA <1.9 <0.390 <0.410 <4.00 <2.00 <0.410 <3.8 <0.38 <0.37 <0.37 <0.38 <0.360.91<0.36 <0.40 <0.40Acenaphthylene<0.400 <0.350 NA NA <1.9 <0.390 <0.410 <4.00 <2.00 <0.410 <3.8 <0.38 <0.37 <0.37 <0.38 <0.36 <0.38 <0.36 <0.40 <0.40Anthracene<0.4000.66NA NA <1.9 <0.390 <0.410 <4.00 <2.00 <0.410 <3.8 <0.38 <0.370.41<0.38 <0.361.8<0.360.71<0.40Benzo(a)anthracene 0.46 1.20NA NA2.00<0.390 <0.410 <4.00 <2.00 <0.4105.90<0.38 <0.370.53<0.38 <0.365.1<0.361.20<0.40Benzo(b)fluoranthene 0.68 1.70NA NA <1.9 <0.390 <0.410 <4.00 <2.00 <0.4105.40<0.38 <0.371.60 0.39<0.365 0.54 1.70<0.40Benzo(k)fluoranthene 0.64 1.60NA NA <1.9 <0.390 <0.410 <4.00 <2.00 <0.4104.60<0.38 <0.370.92<0.38 <0.364 0.41 1.40<0.40Benzo(a)pyrene 0.77 2.00NA NA <1.9 <0.390 <0.410 <4.00 <2.00 <0.4104.90<0.38 <0.371.10<0.38 <0.363 0.37 2.10<0.40Benzo(ghi)perylene 0.76 1.60NA NA <1.9 <0.390 <0.410 <4.00 <2.00 <0.410 <3.8 <0.38 <0.371.20<0.38 <0.362.90<0.361.60<0.40Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate<0.400 <0.350 NA NA <1.9 <0.390 <0.410 <4.00 <2.00 <0.410 NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.38 NA NA NAButyl Benzylphthalate<0.400 <0.350 NA NA <1.9 <0.390 <0.410 <4.00 <2.00 <0.410 NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.38 NA NA NAChrysene 0.50 1.30NA NA2.00<0.390 <0.410 <4.00 <2.00 <0.4105.80<0.38 <0.370.53<0.38 <0.365.10<0.361.10<0.40Dibenzo(ah)anthracene<0.4000.41NA NA <1.9 <0.390 <0.410 <4.00 <2.00 <0.410 <3.8 <0.38 <0.370.46<0.38 <0.361.2<0.360.64<0.40Dibenzofuran<0.400 <0.350 NA NA <1.9 <0.390 <0.410 <4.00 <2.00 <0.410 NA NA NA NA NA NA0.63NA NA NA1,2-Dichlorobenzene 1.20<0.350 NA NA <1.9 <0.390 <0.410 <4.00 <2.00 <0.410 NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.38 NA NA NA1,3-Dichlorobenzene<0.400 <0.350 NA NA <1.9 <0.390 <0.410 <4.00 <2.00 <0.410 NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.38 NA NA NA1,4-Dichlorobenzene<0.400 <0.350 NA NA <1.9 <0.390 <0.410 <4.00 <2.00 <0.410 NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.38 NA NA NAFluoranthene 1.00 2.90NA NA3.70 0.52<0.410 <4.00 <2.00 <0.41011.00<0.38 <0.37 <0.37 <0.38 <0.3611 0.86 4.60<0.40Fluorene<0.400 <0.350 NA NA <1.9 <0.390 <0.410 <4.00 <2.00 <0.410 <3.8 <0.38 <0.37 <0.37 <0.38 <0.360.95<0.36 <0.40 <0.40Di-N-Octylphthalate<0.400 <0.350 NA NA <1.9 <0.390 <0.410 <4.00 <2.00 <0.410 NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.38 NA NA NAIndeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene 0.66 1.70NA NA <1.9 <0.390 <0.410 <4.00 <2.00 <0.410 <3.8 <0.38 <0.371.30<0.38 <0.363 0.45 1.90<0.402-Methyl Naphthalene 0.71<0.350 NA NA <1.9 <0.390 <0.410 <4.00 <2.00 <0.410 <3.8 <0.38 <0.370.48<0.38 <0.36 <0.38 <0.36 <0.40 <0.40Naphthalene 1.40 0.54NA NA <1.9 <0.390 <0.410 <4.00 <2.00 <0.410 <3.8 <0.38 <0.371.60<0.38 <0.360.75<0.360.42<0.40Phenanthrene 1.00 3.20NA NA2.20 0.43<0.410 <4.00 <2.00 <0.4108.20<0.38 <0.371.90<0.38 <0.3610 0.82 3.20<0.40Pyrene 1.30 3.20NA NA2.40<0.390 <0.410 <4.00 <2.00 <0.4107.10<0.38 <0.37 <0.370.60<0.368 1.20 4.10<0.401,2,4-Trichlorobenzene<0.400 <0.350 NANA<1.9 <0.390 <0.410 <4.00 <2.00 <0.410 NANANANANANA<0.38 NANANANotesAll units in mg/kg. Only select compounds shown in above table. NA=Not analyzedData includes Results of Site Assessment Activities (H&H, August 19, 2002); Supplemental Soil Sampling Activities (H&H, February 20, 2008); and Additional Soil Sampling Activities (Tract F) (H&H, November 3, 2008)Samples reflected in this table are in "Areas of Known Soil Contamination" for the proposed redevlopment area.Tract F Wooded AreaTract F Fill AreaF-S-6B-1 B-2 F-S-1 F-S-4 F-S-5S:\AAA-Master Projects\Bryant Park (BTP-003) Tract F Update 2013\EAP Addendum\Revised Documents\Appendicies A-C & E.xlsx7/3/2013Appendix B (Page 1 of 4)Historical SVOC Soil Analytical DataHart & Hickman, PC Appendix BHistorical SVOC Soil Analytical DataProposed Redevelopment Area(Page 2 of 4)H&H Job No. BTP-003Area of Concern Boring IDDate CollectedBoring Depth (ft)Sample Depth (ft)Semi-VOCs (Method 8270)AcenaphtheneAcenaphthyleneAnthraceneBenzo(a)anthraceneBenzo(b)fluorantheneBenzo(k)fluorantheneBenzo(a)pyreneBenzo(ghi)peryleneBis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalateButyl BenzylphthalateChryseneDibenzo(ah)anthraceneDibenzofuran1,2-Dichlorobenzene1,3-Dichlorobenzene1,4-DichlorobenzeneFluorantheneFluoreneDi-N-OctylphthalateIndeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene2-Methyl NaphthaleneNaphthalenePhenanthrenePyrene1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene9/5/2007 9/5/2007 9/5/2007 9/5/2007 9/5/2007 9/6/2007 9/6/2007 9/6/2007 9/6/2007 9/6/2007 9/6/2007 9/6/2007 9/6/2007 9/6/2007 9/6/2007 9/6/2007 9/7/2007 9/7/2007 9/7/200720 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 202-3 4-5 2-3 6-7 16-17 2-3 6-7 2-3 6-7 19-20 2-3 6-7 17-18 2-3 6-7 14-15 2-3 6-7 15-16<0.35 <2.0 <0.36 <2.0 <0.40 <0.37 <0.38 <0.36 <0.40 <0.41 <0.38 <0.39 <0.44 <0.40 <0.36 <0.39 <0.38 <0.8 <0.40<0.35 <2.0 <0.36 <2.0 <0.40 <0.37 <0.38 <0.36 <0.40 <0.41 <0.38 <0.39 <0.44 <0.40 <0.36 <0.39 <0.74 <0.8 <0.42<0.35 <2.0 <0.36 <2.0 <0.400.61<0.38 <0.36 <0.40 <0.41 <0.38 <0.39 <0.44 <0.40 <0.36 <0.39 <0.74 <0.8 <0.42<0.35 <2.00.65 3.80<0.400.71<0.38 <0.360.65 0.55 1.00<0.39 <0.44 <0.400.37 0.60<0.741.20<0.42<0.35 <2.01.30 4.00<0.401.00<0.38 <0.360.98 0.67 1.20<0.39 <0.44 <0.400.62 0.57<0.741.10<0.42<0.35 <2.01.00 4.10<0.400.81<0.38 <0.360.98 0.45 0.74<0.39 <0.44 <0.400.44<0.39 <0.74 <0.8 <0.42<0.35 <2.00.86 3.00<0.400.75<0.38 <0.360.92 0.60<0.38 <0.39 <0.44 <0.400.53 0.49<0.740.99<0.42<0.35 <2.00.74 2.10<0.400.70<0.38 <0.360.87<0.410.60<0.39 <0.44 <0.40 <0.36 <0.39 <0.74 <0.8 <0.42NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.41 NA NA NA NA NA <0.39 NA1.30NANA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.41 NA NA NA NA NA <0.39 NA <0.8 NA<0.35 <2.00.66 4.10<0.400.66<0.38 <0.360.71 0.55 1.00<0.39 <0.44 <0.400.38 0.58<0.741.30<0.42<0.35 <2.0 <0.36 <2.0 <0.40 <0.37 <0.38 <0.36 <0.40 <0.41 <0.38 <0.39 <0.44 <0.40 <0.36 <0.39 <0.74 <0.8 <0.42NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.41 NA NA NA NA NA <0.39 NA <0.8 NANA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.41 NA NA NA NA NA <0.39 NA1.40NANA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.41 NA NA NA NA NA <0.39 NA <0.8 NANA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.41 NA NA NA NA NA <0.39 NA <0.8 NA<0.35 <2.01.60 9.60<0.402.20<0.38 <0.361.70 1.40 1.80<0.39 <0.44 <0.400.86 1.10 1.20 2.40<0.42<0.35 <2.0 <0.36 <2.0 <0.40 <0.37 <0.38 <0.36 <0.40 <0.41 <0.38 <0.39 <0.44 <0.40 <0.36 <0.39 <0.74 <0.8 <0.42NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.41 NA NA NA NA NA <0.39 NA <0.8 NA<0.35 <2.00.99 2.20<0.400.92<0.38 <0.361.10<0.410.70<0.39 <0.44 <0.400.40<0.39 <0.740.81<0.42<0.35 <2.0 <0.36 <2.0 <0.40 <0.37 <0.38 <0.36 <0.40 <0.41 <0.38 <0.39 <0.44 <0.40 <0.36 <0.39 <0.740.88<0.42<0.35 <2.0 <0.36 <2.0 <0.40 <0.37 <0.38 <0.36 <0.40 <0.41 <0.38 <0.39 <0.44 <0.400.65<0.39 <0.74 <0.8 <0.42<0.35 <2.01.60 4.40<0.402.60<0.38 <0.361.00 1.00 0.97<0.39 <0.44 <0.400.48 0.45<0.741.70<0.42<0.35 <2.02.20 13.00<0.403.10 0.56 0.42 2.50 0.92 1.70<0.39 <0.44 <0.401.10 0.86 1.00 1.70<0.42NANANANANANANANANA<0.41 NANANANANA<0.39 NA<0.8 NANotesAll units in mg/kg. Only select compounds shown in above table. NA=Not analyzedData includes Results of Site Assessment Activities (H&H, August 19, 2002); Supplemental Soil Sampling Activities (H&H, February 20, 2008); and Additional Soil Sampling Activities (Tract F) (H&H, November 3, 2008)Samples reflected in this table are in "Areas of Known Soil Contamination" for the proposed redevlopment area.Tract F Fill AreaF-S-17 F-S-20F-S-10 F-S-11F-S-23F-S-13 F-S-15S:\AAA-Master Projects\Bryant Park (BTP-003) Tract F Update 2013\EAP Addendum\Revised Documents\Appendicies A-C & E.xlsx7/3/2013Appendix B (Page 2 of 4)Historical SVOC Soil Analytical DataHart & Hickman, PC Appendix BHistorical SVOC Soil Analytical DataProposed Redevelopment Area(Page 3 of 4)H&H Job No. BTP-003Area of Concern Boring IDDate CollectedBoring Depth (ft)Sample Depth (ft)Semi-VOCs (Method 8270)AcenaphtheneAcenaphthyleneAnthraceneBenzo(a)anthraceneBenzo(b)fluorantheneBenzo(k)fluorantheneBenzo(a)pyreneBenzo(ghi)peryleneBis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalateButyl BenzylphthalateChryseneDibenzo(ah)anthraceneDibenzofuran1,2-Dichlorobenzene1,3-Dichlorobenzene1,4-DichlorobenzeneFluorantheneFluoreneDi-N-OctylphthalateIndeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene2-Methyl NaphthaleneNaphthalenePhenanthrenePyrene1,2,4-TrichlorobenzeneF-HA-119/7/2007 9/7/2007 9/7/2007 9/7/2007 9/7/2007 9/7/2007 9/7/2007 9/7/2007 9/7/2007 9/7/2007 9/7/2007 12/14/2007 12/14/2007 12/14/2007 12/14/2007 12/14/200720202020202020202020204444 42-3 7-8 17-18 2-3 6-7 12-13 2-3 6-7 2-3 9-10 15-16 0-1 3-4 0-1 0-1 3-4<0.430.46<0.45 <0.46 <0.47 <0.41 <0.49 <0.50 <0.51 <28 <0.4 <0.63 <0.64 <0.69 <0.70 <0.71<0.38 <0.37 <0.42 <0.36 <0.40 <0.41 <0.39 <0.40 <0.38 <28 <0.4 NA NA NA NA NA<0.380.63<0.42 <0.36 <0.40 <0.41 <0.39 <0.40 <0.38 <28 <0.48.10<0.370.95<0.37 <0.35<0.381.60<0.420.42<0.40 <0.41 <0.391.20 0.68<28 <0.416.00<0.374.20 0.48<0.35<0.381.50<0.420.41<0.40 <0.41 <0.390.97 0.66<28 <0.412.00<0.373.80 0.53<0.35<0.381.00<0.42 <0.36 <0.40 <0.41 <0.390.86 0.60<280.42 15.00<0.374.40 0.61<0.35<0.381.20<0.420.38<0.40 <0.41 <0.390.93 0.43<280.41 12.00<0.372.40 0.43<0.35<0.380.52<0.42 <0.36 <0.40 <0.41 <0.390.43<0.38 <28 <0.40.40<0.37 <0.37 <0.37 <0.35NA0.52NA NA NA <0.41 NA NA NA <28 <0.4 NA NA NA NA NANA <0.37 NA NA NA <0.41 NA NA NA <28 <0.4 NA NA NA NA NA<0.381.60<0.420.44<0.40 <0.41 <0.391.20 0.78<28 <0.417.00<0.374.10 0.53<0.35<0.38 <0.37 <0.42 <0.36 <0.40 <0.41 <0.39 <0.40 <0.38 <28 <0.4 <0.39 <0.37 <0.37 <0.37 <0.35NA <0.37 NA NA NA <0.41 NA NA NA <28 <0.4 NA NA NA NA NANA0.69NA NA NA <0.41 NA NA NA <28 <0.4 NA NA NA NA NANA <0.37 NA NA NA <0.41 NA NA NA <28 <0.4 NA NA NA NA NANA <0.37 NA NA NA <0.41 NA NA NA <28 <0.4 NA NA NA NA NA<0.383.50<0.420.75 0.68 0.64 0.54 2.60 2.10<281.10 33.00 0.46 9.20 0.73<0.35<0.380.45<0.42 <0.36 <0.40 <0.41 <0.39 <0.40 <0.38 <28 <0.42.20<0.370.39<0.37 <0.35NA <0.37 NA NA NA <0.41 NA NA NA <28 <0.4 NA NA NA NA NA<0.380.66<0.42 <0.36 <0.40 <0.41 <0.390.54 0.52<28 <0.42.30<0.37 <0.37 <0.37 <0.35<0.383.50<0.42 <0.36 <0.40 <0.41 <0.39 <0.40 <0.38 <28 <0.40.43<0.37 <0.37 <0.37 <0.35<0.381.60<0.42 <0.36 <0.40 <0.41 <0.39 <0.40 <0.38 <28 <0.4 <0.39 <0.37 <0.37 <0.37 <0.35<0.383.00<0.420.52<0.400.58<0.391.60 1.30<280.91 25.00<0.373.90<0.37 <0.35<0.382.20<0.420.70 0.54<0.410.47 1.90 1.50<281.00 25.00<0.378.70 0.68<0.35NA<0.37 NANANA<0.41 NANANA<28 <0.4 NANANANANANotesAll units in mg/kg. Only select compounds shown in above table. NA=Not analyzedData includes Results of Site Assessment Activities (H&H, August 19, 2002); Supplemental Soil Sampling Activities (H&H, February 20, 2008); and Additional Soil Sampling Activities (Tract F) (H&H, November 3, 2008)Samples reflected in this table are in "Areas of Known Soil Contamination" for the proposed redevlopment area.F-S-29F-HA-12Tract F Fill AreaF-S-25 F-S-27 F-S-28Tract F Wooded AreaF-HA-7S:\AAA-Master Projects\Bryant Park (BTP-003) Tract F Update 2013\EAP Addendum\Revised Documents\Appendicies A-C & E.xlsx7/3/2013Appendix B (Page 3 of 4)Historical SVOC Soil Analytical DataHart & Hickman, PC Appendix BHistorical SVOC Soil Analytical DataProposed Redevelopment Area(Page 4 of 4)H&H Job No. BTP-003Area of Concern Boring IDDate CollectedBoring Depth (ft)Sample Depth (ft)Semi-VOCs (Method 8270)AcenaphtheneAcenaphthyleneAnthraceneBenzo(a)anthraceneBenzo(b)fluorantheneBenzo(k)fluorantheneBenzo(a)pyreneBenzo(ghi)peryleneBis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalateButyl BenzylphthalateChryseneDibenzo(ah)anthraceneDibenzofuran1,2-Dichlorobenzene1,3-Dichlorobenzene1,4-DichlorobenzeneFluorantheneFluoreneDi-N-OctylphthalateIndeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene2-Methyl NaphthaleneNaphthalenePhenanthrenePyrene1,2,4-TrichlorobenzeneG-B8-AST-3G-B9-UST-2 G-ED-1 G-ED-5G-ED-10 G-FS-2 G-FS-2(A) G-FS-3 G-ND-3 G-ND-3A(D) G-ND-111/22/2002 4/11/2002 4/11/2002 4/11/2002 4/11/2002 1/9/2007 1/9/2007 1/22/2002 1/24/2002 4/15/2002 4/15/2002 4/15/2002 4/15/2002 4/15/2002 4/15/2002 1/25/2002 4/11/2002 4/11/2002 1/22/2002 1/22/2002 4/11/200212 12 12 12 12 4 4 10 12 8 12 12 12 12 12 12 10 4 12 12 126-8 2-4 10-12 2-4 8-10 1-2 3-4 8-10 6-10 2-4 2-4 6-10 2-4 8-10 2-4 0-4 8-10 2-4 2-6 2-6 2-4<0.400 <0.410 <0.410 <0.420 <0.420 NA NA <0.410 <0.440 <0.3900.79<0.44012.00 0.66<0.410 <430 <0.380 <0.420 <0.430 <2.100 <0.400<0.400 <0.410 <0.410 <0.420 <0.420 NA NA <0.410 <0.440 <0.390 <0.430 <0.440 <4.1 <0.360 <0.4100.76<0.380 <0.420 <0.430 <2.100 <0.400<0.400 NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.410 <0.440 <0.3903.30<0.44021.00 0.96<0.4108.30<0.380 <0.420 <0.430 <2.100 NA<0.400 <0.410 <0.4100.82<0.420 NA NA0.47 0.54<0.39017.00<0.44041.00 1.80<0.41011.00<0.380 <0.420 <0.430 <2.100 <0.400<0.400 <0.410 <0.4100.75<0.420 NA NA0.45 0.54<0.39012.00<0.44035.00 1.50<0.4109.70<0.3800.78<0.430 <2.100 <0.400<0.400 <0.410 <0.4100.71<0.420 NA NA0.41 0.69<0.3904.00<0.44023.00 1.10<0.41010.00<0.3800.72<0.430 <2.100 <0.400<0.400 <0.410 <0.4101.00<0.420 NA NA0.42 0.78 0.44 9.00<0.44042.00 1.50<0.41011.00<0.380 <0.420 <0.430 <2.100 <0.400<0.400 <0.410 <0.4100.44<0.420 NA NA <0.4101.40<0.3903.50<0.44031.00 1.00<0.4105.70<0.380 <0.420 <0.430 <2.100 <0.400210.00<0.410 <0.4105.10 2.70 200.00 23.00 2.10 1.60<0.390 <0.430 <0.440 <4.10.99<0.410 <430 NA NA <0.4302.20 860.000.48<0.410 <0.410 <0.420 <0.420 NA NA <0.410 <0.440 <0.390 <0.430 <0.440 <4.1 <0.360 <0.410 <430 NA NA <0.430 <2.100 <0.400<0.400 <0.410 <0.4100.86<0.420 NA NA0.47 0.56<0.39016.00<0.44043.00 1.80<0.4109.80<0.380 <0.420 <0.430 <2.100 <0.400<0.400 <0.410 <0.410 <0.420 <0.420 NA NA <0.410 <0.440 <0.3901.70<0.44012.00 0.44<0.4101.20<0.380 <0.420 <0.430 <2.100 <0.400<0.400 NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.410 <0.440 <0.3900.98<0.4406.70 0.46<0.4102.20NA NA <0.430 <2.100 NA<0.400 <0.410 <0.410 <0.420 <0.420 NA NA <0.410 <0.440 <0.390 <0.430 <0.440 <4.1 <0.360 <0.410 <430 NA NA1.20 0.79<0.400<0.400 <0.410 <0.410 <0.420 <0.420 NA NA <0.410 <0.440 <0.390 <0.430 <0.440 <4.1 <0.360 <0.410 <430 NA NA <0.430 <2.100 <0.400<0.400 <0.410 <0.410 <0.420 <0.420 NA NA <0.410 <0.440 <0.390 <0.430 <0.440 <4.1 <0.360 <0.410 <430 NA NA <0.430 <2.100 <0.400<0.400 <0.410 <0.4102.40<0.420 NA NA0.68 1.30 0.53 28.00<0.44078.00 3.80<0.41030.00<0.3800.74<0.430 <2.100 <0.400<0.400 <0.410 <0.410 <0.420 <0.420 NA NA <0.410 <0.440 <0.3901.50<0.44012.00 0.68<0.4101.00<0.380 <0.420 <0.430 <2.100 <0.400<0.400 <0.410 <0.410 <0.4202.00NA NA <0.410 <0.440 <0.390 <0.430 <0.440 <4.1 <0.360 <0.410 <430 NA NA36.00<2.100 <0.400<0.400 <0.410 <0.4100.42<0.420 NA NA <0.4100.74<0.3903.90<0.44027.00 1.00<0.4106.00<0.380 <0.420 <0.430 <2.100 <0.400<0.400 NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.410 <0.440 <0.390 <0.430 <0.440 <4.1 <0.360 <0.410 <430 <0.380 <0.4200.56<2.100 NA<0.400 <0.410 <0.410 <0.420 <0.420 NA NA <0.410 <0.440 <0.3900.57<0.440 <4.1 <0.360 <0.410 <430 <0.380 <0.420 <0.430 <2.100 <0.400<0.400 <0.410 <0.4102.70<0.420 NA NA <0.4101.30<0.39019.00<0.440110.00 5.40<0.41042.00<0.3800.52<0.430 <2.100 <0.400<0.400 <0.410 <0.4103.30<0.420 NA NA0.56 1.80 0.49 14.00<0.44071.00 2.80<0.41029.00<0.3800.74<0.430 <2.100 <0.400<0.400 <0.410 <0.410 <0.420 <0.420 NANA<0.410 <0.440 <0.390 <0.430 <0.440 <4.1 <0.360 <0.410 <0.430 NANA<0.430 <2.100 <0.400NotesAll units in mg/kg. Only select compounds shown in above table. NA=Not analyzedData includes Results of Site Assessment Activities (H&H, August 19, 2002); Supplemental Soil Sampling Activities (H&H, February 20, 2008); and Additional Soil Sampling Activities (Tract F) (H&H, November 3, 2008)Samples reflected in this table are in "Areas of Known Soil Contamination" for the proposed redevlopment area.G-B8-AST-4 G-B8-OF-2G-ED-7 G-ED-9Tract GG-B8-AST-3(A)S:\AAA-Master Projects\Bryant Park (BTP-003) Tract F Update 2013\EAP Addendum\Revised Documents\Appendicies A-C & E.xlsx7/3/2013Appendix B (Page 4 of 4)Historical SVOC Soil Analytical DataHart & Hickman, PC Appendix C Historical VOC Soil Analytical Data Appendix CHistorical VOC Soil Analytical DataProposed Redevelopment Area(Page 1 of 4)H&H Job No. BTP-003Area of Concern Boring ID TP-7 TP-8 F-1 F-2Date Collected 4/22/2002 4/22/2002 5/17/2002 5/17/2002 6/11/2002 6/11/2002 6/11/2002 6/11/2002 6/11/2002 6/11/2002 9/5/2007 9/5/2007 9/5/2007 9/5/2007 9/5/2007 9/5/2007 9/5/2007 9/5/2007 9/5/2007 9/5/2007Boring Depth (ft)774430303035353520202020202020202020Sample Depth (ft) 7 7 3-4 3-4 3.5-5 8.5-10 13.5-15 6-8 13-15 18-20 2-3 6-7 15-16 2-3 6-7 2-3 6-7 15-16 2-3 6-7Volatile Organic Compounds (Method 8260)Benzene<0.006 <0.005 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA0.0053NA NA NAN-Butylbenzene<0.006 <0.005 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.019 NA NA NASec-Butylbenzene<0.006 <0.005 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.019 NA NA NAChlorobenzene<0.006 <0.005 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.0064 NA NA NA2-Chlorotoluene<0.006 <0.005 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.013 NA NA NA4-Chlorotoluene<0.006 <0.005 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.013 NA NA NA1,2-Dichlorobenzene<0.006 <0.005 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.013 NA NA NA1,3-Dichlorobenzene<0.006 <0.005 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.013 NA NA NA1,4-Dichlorobenzene<0.006 <0.005 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.013 NA NA NAcis-1,2-Dichloroethene<0.006 <0.005 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.0064 NA NA NAtrans-1,2-Dichloroethene<0.006 <0.005 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.0064 NA NA NAEthylbenzene<0.006 <0.005 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.0064 NA NA NAIsopropylbenzene (Cumene)<0.006 <0.005 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.013 NA NA NAP-Isopropyltoluene<0.006 <0.005 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.019 NA NA NANaphthalene<0.006 <0.005 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.0064 NA NA NAN-Propylbenzene<0.006 <0.005 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.013 NA NA NAStyrene<0.006 <0.005 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.0064 NA NA NATetrahydrofuranNA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NATetrachloroethene<0.006 <0.005 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.013 NA NA NAToluene<0.006 <0.005 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.0064 NA NA NATotal Xylenes<0.006 <0.005 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.0136 NA NA NA1,1,1-Trichloroethane<0.006 <0.005 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.0064 NA NA NATrichloroethene<0.006 <0.005 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.0064 NA NA NA1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene<0.006 <0.005 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.013 NA NA NA1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene<0.006 <0.005 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.013 NA NA NA1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene<0.006 <0.005 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.013 NA NA NA1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene<0.006 <0.005 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.013 NA NA NANotes:All units in mg/kg. Only select compounds shown in above table. Data includes Results of Site Assessment Activities (H&H, August 19, 2002); Supplemental Soil Sampling Activities (H&H, February 20, 2008); and Additional Soil Sampling Activities (Tract F) (H&H, November 3, 2008)Acetone and MEK were included in 2007 analyses, results indicate non-detect or detections at 2 to 4 orders of magnitude below their respective screening levels.Samples reflected in this table are in "Areas of Known Soil Contamination" for the proposed redevlopment area.NA=Not analyzedWooded AreaB-2Tract F Fill AreaB-1F-S-1 F-S-4 F-S-5 F-S-6S:\AAA-Master Projects\Bryant Park (BTP-003) Tract F Update 2013\EAP Addendum\Revised Documents\Appendicies A-C & E.xlsx7/3/2013Appendix C (Page 1 of 4)Historical VOC Soil Analytical DataHart & Hickman, PC Appendix CHistorical VOC Soil Analytical DataProposed Redevelopment Area(Page 2 of 4)H&H Job No. BTP-003Area of Concern Boring IDDate CollectedBoring Depth (ft)Sample Depth (ft)Volatile Organic Compounds (Method 8260)BenzeneN-ButylbenzeneSec-ButylbenzeneChlorobenzene2-Chlorotoluene4-Chlorotoluene1,2-Dichlorobenzene1,3-Dichlorobenzene1,4-Dichlorobenzenecis-1,2-Dichloroethenetrans-1,2-DichloroetheneEthylbenzeneIsopropylbenzene (Cumene)P-IsopropyltolueneNaphthaleneN-PropylbenzeneStyreneTetrahydrofuranTetrachloroetheneTolueneTotal Xylenes1,1,1-TrichloroethaneTrichloroethene1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene9/5/2007 9/5/2007 9/5/2007 9/5/2007 9/5/2007 9/6/2007 9/6/2007 9/6/2007 9/6/2007 9/6/2007 9/6/2007 9/6/2007 9/6/2007 9/6/2007 9/6/2007 9/6/2007 9/7/2007 9/7/2007 9/7/200720 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 202-3 4-5 2-3 6-7 16-17 2-3 6-7 2-3 6-7 19-20 2-3 6-7 17-18 2-3 6-7 14-15 2-3 6-7 15-16NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.0033 NA NA NA NA NA <0.0026 NA0.016NANA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.017 NA NA NA NA NA <0.013 NA <0.015 NANA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.017 NA NA NA NA NA <0.013 NA <0.015 NANA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.0055 NA NA NA NA NA <0.0043 NA0.0099NANA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.011 NA NA NA NA NA <0.0086 NA <0.0099 NANA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.011 NA NA NA NA NA <0.0086 NA <0.0099 NANA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.011 NA NA NA NA NA <0.0086 NA0.065NANA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.011 NA NA NA NA NA <0.0086 NA <0.0099 NANA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.011 NA NA NA NA NA <0.0086 NA0.011NANA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA0.022NA NA NA NA NA <0.0043 NA0.017NANA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.0055 NA NA NA NA NA <0.0043 NA <0.0049 NANA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.0055 NA NA NA NA NA <0.0043 NA0.028NANA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.011 NA NA NA NA NA <0.0086 NA <0.0099 NANA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.017 NA NA NA NA NA <0.013 NA <0.015 NANA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.0055 NA NA NA NA NA <0.0043 NA0.006NANA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.011 NA NA NA NA NA <0.0086 NA <0.0099 NANA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.0055 NA NA NA NA NA <0.0043 NA <0.0049 NANA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NANA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.011 NA NA NA NA NA <0.0086 NA <0.0099 NANA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.0055 NA NA NA NA NA <0.0043 NA0.031NANA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.0165 NA NA NA NA NA <0.0129 NA0.015NANA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.0055 NA NA NA NA NA <0.0043 NA <0.0049 NANA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.0055 NA NA NA NA NA <0.0043 NA0.027NANA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.011 NA NA NA NA NA <0.0086 NA <0.0099 NANA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.011 NA NA NA NA NA <0.0086 NA <0.0099 NANA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.011 NA NA NA NA NA <0.0086 NA <0.0099 NANA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.011 NA NA NA NA NA <0.0086 NA <0.0099 NANotes:All units in mg/kg. Only select compounds shown in above table. Data includes Results of Site Assessment Activities (H&H, August 19, 2002); Supplemental Soil Sampling Activities (H&H, February 20, 2008); and Additional Soil Sampling Activities (Tract F) (H&H, November 3, 2008)Acetone and MEK were included in 2007 analyses, results indicate non-detect or detections at 2 to 4 orders of magnitude below their respective screening levels.Samples reflected in this table are in "Areas of Known Soil Contamination" for the proposed redevlopment area.NA=Not analyzedTract F Fill AreaF-S-23F-S-15F-S-13F-S-17 F-S-20F-S-10 F-S-11S:\AAA-Master Projects\Bryant Park (BTP-003) Tract F Update 2013\EAP Addendum\Revised Documents\Appendicies A-C & E.xlsx7/3/2013Appendix C (Page 2 of 4)Historical VOC Soil Analytical DataHart & Hickman, PC Appendix CHistorical VOC Soil Analytical DataProposed Redevelopment Area(Page 3 of 4)H&H Job No. BTP-003Area of Concern Boring IDDate CollectedBoring Depth (ft)Sample Depth (ft)Volatile Organic Compounds (Method 8260)BenzeneN-ButylbenzeneSec-ButylbenzeneChlorobenzene2-Chlorotoluene4-Chlorotoluene1,2-Dichlorobenzene1,3-Dichlorobenzene1,4-Dichlorobenzenecis-1,2-Dichloroethenetrans-1,2-DichloroetheneEthylbenzeneIsopropylbenzene (Cumene)P-IsopropyltolueneNaphthaleneN-PropylbenzeneStyreneTetrahydrofuranTetrachloroetheneTolueneTotal Xylenes1,1,1-TrichloroethaneTrichloroethene1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene1,3,5-TrimethylbenzeneF-HA-119/7/2007 9/7/2007 9/7/2007 9/7/2007 9/7/2007 9/7/2007 9/7/2007 9/7/2007 9/7/2007 9/7/2007 9/7/2007 12/14/2007 12/14/2007 12/14/2007 12/14/2007 12/14/20072020202020202020202020444442-3 7-8 17-18 2-3 6-7 12-13 2-3 6-7 2-3 9-10 15-16 0-1 3-4 0-1 0-1 3-4NA0.021NA NA NA0.32NA NA NA <5.6 <0.25 NA NA NA NA NANA <0.013 NA NA NA0.35NA NA NA <5.6 <0.25 NA NA NA NA NANA <0.013 NA NA NA <0.29 NA NA NA <5.6 <0.25 NA NA NA NA NANA0.0087NA NA NA1.90NA NA NA <5.6 <0.25 NA NA NA NA NANA <0.0088 NA NA NA <0.29 NA NA NA <5.6 <0.25 NA NA NA NA NANA <0.0088 NA NA NA <0.29 NA NA NA <5.6 <0.25 NA NA NA NA NANA0.071NA NA NA15.00NA NA NA <5.6 <0.25 NA NA NA NA NANA <0.0088 NA NA NA <0.29 NA NA NA <5.6 <0.25 NA NA NA NA NANA0.017NA NA NA3.00NA NA NA <5.6 <0.25 NA NA NA NA NANA0.28NA NA NA <0.29 NA NA NA <5.6 <0.25 NA NA NA NA NANA0.071NA NA NA <0.29 NA NA NA <5.6 <0.25 NA NA NA NA NANA0.021NA NA NA11.00NA NA NA1,100 0.86NA NA NA NA NANA <0.0088 NA NA NA0.39NA NA NA <5.6 <0.25 NA NA NA NA NANA <0.013 NA NA NA4.40NA NA NA130,000 220NA NA NA NA NANA0.011NA NA NA14.00NA NA NA22 1.20NA NA NA NA NANA <0.0088 NA NA NA0.37NA NA NA23<0.25 NA NA NA NA NANA <0.0044 NA NA NA <0.29 NA NA NA <5.6 <0.25 NA NA NA NA NANA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NANA0.031NA NA NA0.77NA NA NA <5.6 <0.25 NA NA NA NA NANA0.043NA NA NA3.00NA NA NA40<0.25 NA NA NA NA NANA0.0367NA NA NA25.80NA NA NA7,800 4.80NA NA NA NA NANA <0.0044 NA NA NA <0.29 NA NA NA <5.6 <0.25 NA NA NA NA NANA0.11NA NA NA1.70NA NA NA <5.6 <0.25 NA NA NA NA NANA <0.0088 NA NA NA <1.2 NA NA NA12<1 NA NA NA NA NANA <0.0088 NA NA NA <2.9 NA NA NA21<2.5 NA NA NA NA NANA <0.0088 NA NA NA2.40NA NA NA33<0.25 NA NA NA NA NANA <0.0088 NA NA NA2.50NA NA NA18<0.25 NA NA NA NA NANotes:All units in mg/kg. Only select compounds shown in above table. Data includes Results of Site Assessment Activities (H&H, August 19, 2002); Supplemental Soil Sampling Activities (H&H, February 20, 2008); and Additional Soil Sampling Activities (Tract F) (H&H, November 3, 2008)Acetone and MEK were included in 2007 analyses, results indicate non-detect or detections at 2 to 4 orders of magnitude below their respective screening levels.Samples reflected in this table are in "Areas of Known Soil Contamination" for the proposed redevlopment area.NA=Not analyzedF-HA-12Tract F Wooded AreaF-S-25F-S-28 F-S-29Tract F Fill AreaF-HA-7F-S-27S:\AAA-Master Projects\Bryant Park (BTP-003) Tract F Update 2013\EAP Addendum\Revised Documents\Appendicies A-C & E.xlsx7/3/2013Appendix C (Page 3 of 4)Historical VOC Soil Analytical DataHart & Hickman, PC Appendix CHistorical VOC Soil Analytical DataProposed Redevelopment Area(Page 4 of 4)H&H Job No. BTP-003Area of Concern Boring IDDate CollectedBoring Depth (ft)Sample Depth (ft)Volatile Organic Compounds (Method 8260)BenzeneN-ButylbenzeneSec-ButylbenzeneChlorobenzene2-Chlorotoluene4-Chlorotoluene1,2-Dichlorobenzene1,3-Dichlorobenzene1,4-Dichlorobenzenecis-1,2-Dichloroethenetrans-1,2-DichloroetheneEthylbenzeneIsopropylbenzene (Cumene)P-IsopropyltolueneNaphthaleneN-PropylbenzeneStyreneTetrahydrofuranTetrachloroetheneTolueneTotal Xylenes1,1,1-TrichloroethaneTrichloroethene1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene1,3,5-TrimethylbenzeneG-B8-AST-3G-B9-UST-2 G-ED-1 G-ED-5 G-ED-10 G-FS-2 G-FS-2(A) G-FS-3 G-ND-3 G-ND-3A(D) G-ND-111/22/2002 4/11/2002 4/11/2002 4/11/2002 4/11/2002 1/9/2007 1/9/2007 1/22/2002 1/24/2002 4/15/2002 4/15/2002 4/15/2002 4/15/2002 4/15/2002 4/15/2002 1/25/2002 4/11/2002 4/11/2002 1/22/2002 1/22/2002 4/11/200212 12 12 12 12 4 4 10 12 8 12 12 12 12 12 12 10 4 12 12 126-8 2-4 10-12 2-4 8-10 1-2 3-4 8-10 6-10 2-4 2-4 6-10 2-4 8-10 2-4 0-4 8-10 2-4 2-6 2-6 2-4<0.098 NA NA NA NA <0.0035 <0.0035 <0.111 <0.115 <0.120 <0.122 <0.123 <0.127 <0.128 <0.129 <0.078 <0.079 <0.080 <0.065 <0.063 <0.072<0.006 NA NA NA NA <0.017 <0.017 <0.006 <0.007 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 NA NA <0.0650.39<0.006<0.006 NA NA NA NA <0.017 <0.017 <0.006 <0.007 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 NA NA <0.0650.27<0.006<0.006 NA NA NA NA <0.0058 <0.0058 <0.006 <0.007 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 NA NA <0.065 <0.063 <0.006<0.006 NA NA NA NA <0.012 <0.012 <0.006 <0.007 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 NA NA1.10<0.063 <0.006<0.006 NA NA NA NA <0.012 <0.012 <0.006 <0.007 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 NA NA <0.065 <0.063 <0.006<0.006 NA NA NA NA <0.012 <0.012 <0.006 <0.007 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 NA NA0.33 9.00<0.006<0.006 NA NA NA NA <0.012 <0.012 <0.006 <0.007 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 NA NA <0.0650.19<0.006<0.006 NA NA NA NA <0.012 <0.012 <0.006 <0.007 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 NA NA <0.0650.52<0.006<0.006 NA NA NA NA <0.0058 <0.0058 <0.0060.80<0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.0060.015<0.006 NA NA <0.065 <0.063 <0.006<0.006 NA NA NA NA <0.0058 <0.0058 <0.0060.013<0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 NA NA <0.065 <0.063 <0.006<0.006 NA NA NA NA <0.0058 <0.0058 <0.006 <0.007 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 NA NA58.00 43.00<0.006<0.006 NA NA NA NA <0.012 <0.012 <0.006 <0.007 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 NA NA0.31 0.70<0.006<0.006 NA NA NA NA <0.017 <0.017 <0.006 <0.007 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 NA NA <0.0650.41<0.006<0.006 NA NA NA NA <0.0058 <0.0058 <0.006 <0.007 <0.0060.007<0.0060.009 0.007<0.006 <0.006 NA NA0.091 0.28<0.006<0.006 NA NA NA NA <0.012 <0.012 <0.006 <0.007 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 NA NA0.16 0.59<0.006<0.006 NA NA NA NA <0.0058 <0.0058 <0.006 <0.007 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 NA NA <0.065 <0.063 <0.006NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.012 <0.014 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.065 <0.126 <0.012<0.006 NA NA NA NA <0.012 <0.012 <0.0060.053 0.013<0.006 <0.0060.040 0.007<0.006 <0.006 NA NA <0.065 <0.063 <0.006<0.006 NA NA NA NA <0.0058 <0.0058 <0.006 <0.007 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 NA NA0.14 0.13<0.006<0.006 NA NA NA NA <0.0173 <0.0173 <0.0060.017<0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 NA NA360.00 200.00<0.0060.15NA NA NA NA <0.0058 <0.0058 <0.006 <0.007 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 NA NA <0.065 <0.063 <0.0060.014NA NA NA NA0.17 0.007<0.0062.50 0.067<0.006 <0.0060.10 0.010 0.036<0.006 NA NA <0.065 <0.063 <0.006<0.006 NA NA NA NA <0.012 <0.012 <0.006 <0.007 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 NA NA <0.065 <0.063 <0.006<0.006 NA NA NA NA <0.012 <0.012 <0.006 <0.007 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 NA NA <0.065 <0.063 <0.006<0.006 NA NA NA NA <0.012 <0.012 <0.006 <0.007 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 NA NA0.53 12.00<0.006<0.006 NA NA NA NA <0.012 <0.012 <0.006 <0.007 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 NA NA0.32 5.70<0.006Notes:All units in mg/kg. Only select compounds shown in above table. Data includes Results of Site Assessment Activities (H&H, August 19, 2002); Supplemental Soil Sampling Activities (H&H, February 20, 2008); and Additional Soil Sampling Activities (Tract F) (H&H, November 3, 2008)Acetone and MEK were included in 2007 analyses, results indicate non-detect or detections at 2 to 4 orders of magnitude below their respective screening levels.Samples reflected in this table are in "Areas of Known Soil Contamination" for the proposed redevlopment area.NA=Not analyzedG-ED-9Tract GG-B8-AST-4 G-B8-OF-2 G-ED-7G-B8-AST-3(A)S:\AAA-Master Projects\Bryant Park (BTP-003) Tract F Update 2013\EAP Addendum\Revised Documents\Appendicies A-C & E.xlsx7/3/2013Appendix C (Page 4 of 4)Historical VOC Soil Analytical DataHart & Hickman, PC Appendix D Preliminary Grading Plan and Cross-Section Appendix E Tract F June 2013 PCB Soil Analytical Data and Sample Location Figure Appendix ETable 1Tract F June 2013 PCB Soil Analytical Data(Page 1 of 2)H&H Job No. BTP-003Area of Concern Boring ID F-S-32F-S-36Date Collected 6/24/2013 6/24/2013 6/24/2013 6/24/2013 6/24/2013 6/24/2013 6/24/2013 6/24/2013 6/24/2013 6/24/2013 6/24/2013 6/24/2013 6/24/2013 6/24/2013Boring Depth (ft) 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 4 12 12 15 15Sample Depth (ft) 3-5 10-12 13-15 3-5 10-12 1-3 10-12 3-5 10-12 1-3 1-3 6-8 1-3 6-8PCBs (Method 8082)PCB-1248 1.02<0.0410.304 3.7 0.376 0.773<0.17745.1<0.08214.85 3.43<0.2011.72<0.403PCB-1254<0.392 <0.041 <0.040 <0.758 <0.0384 <0.1990.533<7.92 <0.0821 <0.924 <0.822 <0.201 <0.434 <0.403NotesOnly those compounds detected in at least one sample are shown aboveMethod number follows parameterAll units in mg/kgmg/kg = miligrams per kilogramFill AreaF-S-31 F-S-33 F-S-34 F-S-35 F-S-37 F-S-38S:\AAA-Master Projects\Bryant Park (BTP-003) Tract F Update 2013\EAP Addendum\Revised Documents\Appendicies A-C & E.xlsx7/3/2013Appendix E (Page 1 of 2)Tract F June 2013 PCB Soil Analytical DataHart & Hickman, PC Appendix ETable 1Tract F June 2013 PCB Soil Analytical Data(Page 2 of 2)H&H Job No. BTP-003Area of Concern Boring IDDate CollectedBoring Depth (ft)Sample Depth (ft)PCBs (Method 8082)PCB-1248PCB-1254F-S-456/24/2013 6/24/2013 6/24/2013 6/24/2013 6/24/2013 6/24/2013 6/24/2013 6/24/2013 6/24/2013 6/24/2013 6/24/2013 6/24/2013 6/24/201315 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 151-3 6-8 1-3 6-8 3-5 10-12 3-5 10-12 1-3 10-12 3-5 10-12 10-1211.4<0.410 <0.041 <0.19749.5<2.12 <0.410 <0.07620.531<0.03890.886<0.836 <0.404<2.05 <0.410 <0.041 <0.197 <8.78 <2.12 <0.410 <0.0762 <0.0791 <0.0389 <0.214 <0.836 <0.404NotesOnly those compounds detected in at least one sample are shown aboveMethod number follows parameterAll units in mg/kgmg/kg = miligrams per kilogramF-S-44Fill AreaF-S-39 F-S-40 F-S-41 F-S-42 F-S-43S:\AAA-Master Projects\Bryant Park (BTP-003) Tract F Update 2013\EAP Addendum\Revised Documents\Appendicies A-C & E.xlsx7/3/2013Appendix E (Page 2 of 2)Tract F June 2013 PCB Soil Analytical DataHart & Hickman, PC Appendix F Health and Safety Plan Health and Safety Plan Bryant Park Property Tract F - Redevelopment Area 2001 Suttle Avenue Charlotte, North Carolina Brownfields Project ID 06016-02-60 H&H Job No. BTP-003 July 8, 2013 i S:\AAA-Master Projects\Bryant Park (BTP-003) Tract F Update 2013\EAP Addendum\Appendix C\HSP\HSP 2013-7-08.doc Health and Safety Plan Environmental Sampling and Remediation Services Bryant Park Property Tract F - Redevelopment Area 2001 Suttle Avenue Charlotte, North Carolina H&H Job No. BTP-003 Table of Contents 1.0 Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................ 1 2.0 Project Information ........................................................................................................................ 1 2.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 1 2.2 Organization and Responsibilities ............................................................................................ 3 2.3 Site Control ................................................................................................................................ 3 2.4 Hazard Evaluation ..................................................................................................................... 4 2.5 Monitoring Equipment .............................................................................................................. 5 2.6 Personal Protective Equipment ................................................................................................. 6 2.7 Decontamination Procedures .................................................................................................... 8 2.8 Decontamination Procedures for Earth Moving Equipment ................................................... 8 3.0 Emergency Planning and Site Control ......................................................................................... 9 3.1 First Aid and Emergency Equipment ....................................................................................... 9 3.2 Communication Procedures ...................................................................................................... 9 3.3 Accident and Near Miss Procedures ...................................................................................... 10 3.4 Emergency Communication ................................................................................................... 10 3.5 Emergency Phone Numbers ................................................................................................... 11 3.6 Hazardous Materials Management Plan ................................................................................ 12 3.7 Hospital Route (See Figure 1) ................................................................................................ 12 3.8 Safety Briefings ....................................................................................................................... 13 3.9 Notifications ............................................................................................................................ 13  Figures Figure 1 Hospital Route and Driving Directions Figure 2 Tract F Redevelopment Area Map (Site Map) Figure 3 Tract F Area Soil Sampling Locations Figure 4 Work Zone Illustrations Appendices Appendix A Visitors Log Appendix B Hazardous Substances Information Appendix C Accident/Exposure Reporting Form Appendix D Near Miss Reporting Form Appendix E Safety Briefing Form 1 S:\AAA-Master Projects\Bryant Park (BTP-003) Tract F Update 2013\EAP Addendum\Appendix C\HSP\HSP 2013-7-08.doc 1.0  Executive Summary  This Health and Safety Plan (HSP) has been prepared by Hart & Hickman, PC (H&H) for site activities to be performed during Brownfield redevelopment activities at the Bryant Park Property (also referred to as Tract F or the Redevelopment Area) located at 2001 Suttle Avenue in Charlotte, Mecklenburg County, North Carolina. H&H will potentially conduct various types of work associated with the assessment and management of impacted soil at this property. The purposes of this HSP are to minimize the potential for on-site worker exposure and to protect public health and safety during the site activities. This HSP was prepared by H&H for H&H employees. It is also intended to establish minimum health and safety protocols for subcontractors working on the project. Each subcontractor must develop a site-specific HSP and certify its compliance with health and safety standards. H&H will provide a copy of its HSP, but this is not a substitute for an independent plan by the subcontractor. The subcontractor may create a plan which has equivalent or more stringent safety protocols. However, significant deviations from the plan must be discussed with H&H. This HSP focuses on site control measures, minimizing worker exposure to impacted media the site, and protecting the public by preventing off-site migration of site contaminants. This plan describes air monitoring, personal protective equipment (PPE), medical monitoring, emergency procedures, and site control measures which will be conducted at the site during the site activities. The plan does not focus on general construction safety practices such as backhoe safety, excavation safety, etc. Subcontractors working on the project should establish safety protocols for general construction activities to be used during the project. This HSP is valid for this project as described in Section 2.0. It is not to be used for other projects or subsequent phases of this project without written consent of H&H. This HSP is intended to supplement H&H’s health and safety practices and training. This HSP is in compliance with Title 29 Code of Federal Regulations 1910.120 Hazardous Waste Sites Operations and Emergency Response and Hazard Communication. 2.0  Project Information  2.1  Introduction  Site Name: Bryant Park Property (Tract F - Redevelopment Area) Project No. BTP.003 Site Address: 2001 Suttle Avenue, Charlotte, NC 28208 Client Name: Suttle Avenue LLC Project Manager: Leo Moretz, PG, RSM Client Contact: George Macon (704) 561-5308 Plan Prepared By: Shannon Cottrill Date: July 8, 2013 Reviewed By: Leo Moretz, PG, RSM Date July 8, 2013 2 S:\AAA-Master Projects\Bryant Park (BTP-003) Tract F Update 2013\EAP Addendum\Appendix C\HSP\HSP 2013-7-08.doc Overall Objective of Site Visits: Brownfields redevelopment activities including supplemental soil sampling/characterization of impacted site soils and general oversight of site grading/construction activities associated with the planned construction project. As part of the construction project, a fill area containing polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-impacted soil is planned to be excavated, relocated, and placed in other suitable fill areas on the property. X TYPE DATE X TYPE DATE X Soil sampling with Geoprobe direct push technology rig (DPT) 6/2013 X Soil excavation, grading, fill placement and restoration oversight associated with planned fill project To be determined (TBD) Operational Description of Site: The Tract F Redevelopment Area, located north of the former Radiator Specialty Corporation facility, is currently undeveloped. The Tract F portion included a building from which a commercial glass shop operated from 1958 to 1997, and from which a radio/communications company operated from 1958 to 1995. This single-story building was demolished in 2007. The remainder of the property includes a grass-covered fill area (referred to as the Tract fill area) at the western portion of the tract, and a wooded area along Steward Creek (Figure 2). Environmental Setting and Topography: Tract F is located east of the intersection of Suttle Avenue and Isom Street just west of uptown Charlotte in a primarily commercial and industrial area (Figure 2). The site is bordered to the south by the redeveloped portions of the Brownfields property containing the Charlotte School of Law and associated parking lot, to the west by Loomis Armored US facility, WBTV and WLNK studios, to the north by the Bryant Neighborhood Park, and to the east by Steward Creek and Environamics’ drywall contractor business and Freedom Drive located beyond. Tract F contains steep slopes with topography sloping generally to the east- northeast toward Steward Creek. In addition, the fill area within Tract F contains significant areas with loosely compacted soils and fill (Figures 2 and 3). Accessible By: Major Highway X Two-Lane Road Dirt Road Description of the Work Area (See Figures 2 and 3): Site-wide, see Figures 2 and 3 3 S:\AAA-Master Projects\Bryant Park (BTP-003) Tract F Update 2013\EAP Addendum\Appendix C\HSP\HSP 2013-7-08.doc 2.2  Organization and Responsibilities  The following personnel are designated to carry out job functions on the site. Their responsibilities (i.e., field team leader, etc.) and the tasks they will be carrying out on the site are listed. H&H WORK PARTY RESPONSIBILITY & TASKS PROTECTION LEVEL Leo Moretz, PG, RSM Senior Project Manager/Director Level D Chad Grubbs, PG Project Manager Level D TBD Site Safety Supervisor (SSS)/ Field Team Leader Level D TBD Air Quality Monitor Level D SUBCONTRACTOR WORK PARTY RESPONSIBILITY PROTECTION LEVEL H&S INFO ON SITE? TBD 40-Hour OSHA-trained Remedial Contractor D/C TBD Remedial Contractor’s Site Safety Representative (SSR) D/C TBD Site Grading Contractor D/C TBD Site Grading Contractor’s Site Safety Representative (SSR) D/C All visitors will log in and out with the H&H SSS. A copy of the Visitor's Log sheet is included in Appendix A. 2.3  Site Control  The H&H SSS will coordinate access and control security at the site. The SSS will establish a work area perimeter. Only authorized personnel will be allowed beyond the perimeter. The SSS will establish control boundaries for the Exclusion Zone, Contamination Reduction Zone, and the Support Zone (see Figure 4). 4 S:\AAA-Master Projects\Bryant Park (BTP-003) Tract F Update 2013\EAP Addendum\Appendix C\HSP\HSP 2013-7-08.doc 2.4  Hazard Evaluation  Potential chemical hazards known or suspected to exist in soil and groundwater at the site and the recommended American Conference of Industrial Hygienist (ACGIH) time-weighted average Threshold Limit Values (TLVs), Short-Term Exposure Limit (STEL), and ionization potential (eV) are listed below. CONSTITUENT TLV1 (ppm) IONIZATION POTENTIAL (eV) TLV-TWA TLV-STEL Benzene 0.5 2.5 9.24 1,4-Dichlorobenzene 10 (--) 8.98 Ethylbenzene 20 (--) 8.76 Xylenes 100 150 8.56 Trichloroethene 10 15 9.45 1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene (--) (--) NA 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene (--) C 5 NA 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene 25 (--) 8.27 Isopropytoluene (--) (--) NA Benzo(a)anthracene (2) 0.2 mg/m3 (--) NA Benzo(b)fluoranthene (2) (--L) (--) NA Benzo(k)fluoranthene (2) 0.2 mg/m3 (--) NA Benzo(a)Pyrene (--L) (--) NA Chrysene (--L) (--) NA Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene (2 0.2 mg/m3 (--) NA Indeno(1,2,3-c,d)Pyrene )(2) 0.2 mg/m3 (--) NA Naphthalene 10 15 NA Phenanthrene (2) 0.2 mg/m3 (--) NA Pyrene (2) 0.2 mg/m3 (--) NA Polychlorinated biphenyls 0.5 / 1 mg/m3 (3) (--) NA Notes: (1) The TLV-TWA recommended by ACGIH is listed unless the PEL (Permissible Exposure Limit) identified by OSHA is lower or a ceiling (C) value is specified. (2) The TLV for coal tar pitch volatiles is used as a screening criterion for PAH emissions. Exposure by all 5 S:\AAA-Master Projects\Bryant Park (BTP-003) Tract F Update 2013\EAP Addendum\Appendix C\HSP\HSP 2013-7-08.doc routes should be carefully controlled to levels as low as possible. (3) OSHA regulates that workers not be exposed by inhalation over a period of 8 hours for 5 days per week to more than 1 milligram per cubic meter of air (mg/m3) for 42% chlorine PCBs, or to 0.5 mg/m3 for 54% chlorine PCBs. (L) Exposures by all routes should be carefully controlled to levels as low as possible. Hazardous substance information sheets for the constituents listed above are provided in Appendix B. Sources for hazardous substance information include Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) and the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) fact sheets. Physical hazards known or suspected to be present on the site. HAZARD YES NO HAZARD YES NO Overhead Power Lines X Heavy Equipment X Buried Conduit X Pitch Points on Rig X Uneven Ground X Insects/Snakes X Steep Slopes X Ice X Slippery Conditions X High/Low Temperatures X Rain X Explosion X 2.5  Monitoring Equipment  This section specifies the monitoring equipment to be used on-site and the action levels to upgrade to higher levels of personal protection. MONITORING INSTRUMENT MONITORING INTERVAL ACTION LEVEL (ppm) D --> C C --> B Stop Work Photoionization Detector Continuously during excavation. ≥0.5 ppm above background for ≥ 1 minute NA ≥20 ppm Dust Meter Continuously during excavation 1 mg/m3 3.0 mg/m3 6 S:\AAA-Master Projects\Bryant Park (BTP-003) Tract F Update 2013\EAP Addendum\Appendix C\HSP\HSP 2013-7-08.doc If PID monitoring indicates organic vapors are present at greater than 0.5 ppm (above background) in the breathing zone continuously for several minutes personnel will be asked to move away from the excavation area. If readings remain greater than 0.5 ppm above background site personnel will don full-face respirators with organic vapor cartridges. Level B protection requires specialized personnel and equipment. The H&H field team will not be prepared to upgrade to level B protection, and a qualified contractor will be utilized should these conditions exist. Because the primary constituents of concern are PAHs and PCBs and their anticipated exposure routes are inhalation, dermal contact, and ingestion, water control methods will be initiated prior to and during excavation and impacted soil handling activities to minimize dust. During these site activities, dust monitoring will be conducted utilizing a hand-held dust meter (DRAM or equivalent) capable of providing direct-read and datalogging measurements. Water control methods will be initiated if visible evidence of dust is observed or if dust readings are detected above 1 mg/m3 at any time. Monitoring is being conducted not only for the protection of on-site workers, but also to protect the neighboring community. A priority will be perimeter site monitoring to confirm that VOCs and fugitive dust levels are not posing an off-site threat. Visual observations and direct monitoring will be used to monitor fugitive dust levels. The site perimeter will be continuously monitored with the PID for fugitive vapor levels, with particular focus downwind of the excavation area. If visible dust is observed and dust monitoring indicates dust levels are present at greater than 1.0 mg/m3 or if PID monitoring indicates organic vapors are present at greater than 5 ppm at the perimeter, work will be stopped and the situation assessed for appropriate corrective actions before proceeding. Engineering controls will be utilized as needed to control conditions at the property boundary, as well as the work zone. 2.6  Personal Protective Equipment  This section lists the equipment that must be present on the site and used within the Exclusion Zone during the specified protection level. Level D PPE is required during all drilling, excavation, and impacted soil handling activities. Level D PPE may be required at the discretion of the SSS during other activities. This checklist is used when preparing for the field. X = Equipment that must be present on the site. O = Optional equipment. Subcontractors must have the same equipment listed here as a minimum. DESCRIPTION LEVEL OF PROTECTION D C B FULL BODY Coveralls O Tyvek O X DESCRIPTION LEVEL OF PROTECTION D C B 7 S:\AAA-Master Projects\Bryant Park (BTP-003) Tract F Update 2013\EAP Addendum\Appendix C\HSP\HSP 2013-7-08.doc Splash Apron HEAD Hard Hat X X EYES & FACE Safety Glasses X HANDS AND ARMS Chemical Resistant Gloves Latex O Nitrile Rubber X X PVC/Surgical Other: Specify (Duct Tape) X Insulated Gloves Work Gloves X X FOOT Safety Boots X X Rubber, Chemical Resistant Boots Disposable Boot Covers O X RESPIRATORY PROTECTION 1/2 Mask APR X X Full Face APR with organic vapor/dust mist cartridges X OTHER SUPPLIES First Aid Kit X X Fire Extinguisher X X Mobile Phone X X Walkie Talkies O O Gatorade X X Eye Wash Station X X Wash & Dry Towelettes X X OTHER EQUIPMENT Hearing Protection (if working within 25 ft of heavy equipment) X X 8 S:\AAA-Master Projects\Bryant Park (BTP-003) Tract F Update 2013\EAP Addendum\Appendix C\HSP\HSP 2013-7-08.doc 2.7  Decontamination Procedures  Personnel and equipment leaving the exclusion zone shall be decontaminated. Level D decontamination protocol shall be used with the following decontamination stations: LEVEL C DECONTAMINATION STEPS LEVEL D DECONTAMINATION STEPS 1 Drop equipment. 1 Drop equipment. 2 Wash and rinse outer garment, boots, and gloves. 2 Wash and rinse boots and gloves. 3 Remove disposable garment, boots, and gloves. 3 Remove disposable garment. 4 Change cartridge (if necessary). 4 Field wash. 5 Remove respiratory protection. 6 Field wash. The following decontamination equipment is required at the construction site. DECONTAMINATION EQUIPMENT CHECKLIST X Scrub Brushes X Garbage Bags X Waste Containers X Paper Towels X Soap X Isopropyl Alcohol X Plastic Tubs X Pump Spray Bottles X Plastic Drop Cloths X Pump Spray Bottles (water) 2.8  Decontamination Procedures for Earth Moving Equipment  To protect the neighboring community and to prevent contaminant migration at the site, earth moving equipment will need to be decontaminated prior to leaving contaminated areas or mobilized off-site. The following summarizes the decontamination requirements at the site: 1) In the event that impacted soil needs to be transported off-site for disposal, trucks transporting impacted material will be lined and covered to prevent spillage of the soil from the truck during transport. In addition, these trucks will be decontaminated prior to leaving the site. Two alternatives for decontamination are provided below, depending on the construction activities: a. If the trucks remain in non-impacted areas or on clean gravel while they are loaded, loose materials will be dry brushed from the trucks prior to leaving the site. b. If trucks drive onto the contaminated areas of the site, the tires of the vehicle will be 9 S:\AAA-Master Projects\Bryant Park (BTP-003) Tract F Update 2013\EAP Addendum\Appendix C\HSP\HSP 2013-7-08.doc dry brushed as needed and then pressure washed in a tire wash station to remove visible soil. The tire wash station will be lined with 10-mil visqueen plastic, and the wash water will be collected in storage containers or drums. 2) Trucks transporting soils across the site and earth moving equipment such as excavators or dozers will likely be in direct contact with impacted soils. This equipment must be decontaminated if it leaves a contaminated area of the site or prior to being mobilized off- site. Decontamination for this equipment will include dry brushing/scraping techniques and pressure washing in a decontamination area to remove visible soil. The decontamination area will be lined with 10-mil visqueen plastic, and the wash water will be collected in storage containers or drums. Decontamination for these trucks and equipment will include any area of the vehicle or equipment which came into direct contact with soils or visible dust including, but not limited to, dump truck beds and sides, equipment buckets, and tracks and/or tires. Decontamination activities can be minimized by limiting only essential equipment in the contaminated area and not removing equipment from the contaminated area until all grading work within contaminated areas is complete. 3) Equipment utilized to place clean fill will be previously decontaminated equipment or new equipment not previously utilized in a contaminated area. 4) Decontamination waste will need to be managed appropriately. Soils generated will either be containerized and shipped off-site after profiling or they will be placed on-site in a suitable area in accordance with the Target Levels defined in this EAP Addendum. Wash water generated will be either be containerized and manifested for off-site shipment, or it will be utilized for dust control in contaminated areas. 3.0  Emergency Planning and Site Control  3.1  First Aid and Emergency Equipment  X EQUIPMENT LOCATION X EQUIPMENT LOCATION X First Aid Kit Field Vehicle X Mobile Phone Field Vehicle X Eye Wash Kit Field Vehicle Safety Shower X Fire Extinguisher Field Vehicle 3.2  Communication Procedures  Personnel in the work area should use the buddy system and remain in communication or within sight of the H&H SSS. All accidents, injuries and emergencies should be reported to the H&H SSS. The H&H SSS will indicate the need to evacuate the site by verbal command. A mobile phone will be used for contacting emergency personnel and other reporting. On-site personnel will be familiar with the emergency phone numbers provided below in Section 3.5. 10 S:\AAA-Master Projects\Bryant Park (BTP-003) Tract F Update 2013\EAP Addendum\Appendix C\HSP\HSP 2013-7-08.doc Location of the mobile phone nearest the work area: Field vehicle Its phone number is: TBD 3.3  Accident and Near Miss Procedures  All accidents and injuries should be reported immediately to the H&H SSS. The SSS will: • Stop work immediately. • Determine the severity of the situation. • If needed: - Clear the work area. - Call or instruct someone to call emergency personnel (fire, ambulance, etc.) - Ensure that non-emergency medical attention is obtained if needed. • Determine the cause and take corrective action measures to prevent reoccurrence. • Call the Project Manager and H&H Health and Safety Officer to report the situation, and complete an Accident/Exposure Reporting Form (See Appendix D). • Resume work when authorized by the PM and/or H&H Health & Safety Officer. All near miss incidents should be reported immediately to the H&H SSS. The SSS will: • Stop work immediately.  Determine the severity of the situation.  Determine the cause and take corrective action measures to prevent reoccurrence.  Complete a Near Miss Reporting Form (See Appendix E).  Resume work when corrective action measures are implemented. 3.4  Emergency Communication  The SSS will be the Emergency Coordinator, and will be responsible for the entry and exit of response personnel, contacting emergency personnel, and reporting to the Project Manager. The following commands are commonly used for communication when verbal commands cannot be used: • Hand gripping throat = Out of air, cannot breathe. • Grip partner's wrist or place both arms around the waist Leave area immediately. • Hands on top of head = Need assistance. • Thumbs up = OK, all right, I understand. • Thumbs down = No, negative. 11 S:\AAA-Master Projects\Bryant Park (BTP-003) Tract F Update 2013\EAP Addendum\Appendix C\HSP\HSP 2013-7-08.doc 3.5  Emergency Phone Numbers  NAME PHONE NUMBERS Local Police 911 Local Ambulance 911 Local Fire Department 911 Local Hospital: Carolinas Medical Center 911 or (704) 355-2000 Poison Control (800) 424-8802 or (800) 424-9300 National Response Center (all spills) (800) 424-8802 U.S. Coast Guard (spills to water) (804) 441-3516 Phone Number On Site Not Applicable Client Contact: George Macon (704) 209-6153 After immediate notifications are made, also notify: NAME PHONE NUMBERS H&H Project Manager: Leonard Moretz, PG, RSM (919) 847-4241 or (919) 740-3717 - cell H&H Health & Safety Officer: Shannon Cottrill (704) 586-0007 or (704) 577-8810 - cell Company Physician: Dr. Richard Bradner, MD Arrowood Medical Clinic (704)-588-7362 office Company: Name: Company: Name: Company: Name: Company: Name: Company: Name: 12 S:\AAA-Master Projects\Bryant Park (BTP-003) Tract F Update 2013\EAP Addendum\Appendix C\HSP\HSP 2013-7-08.doc 3.6  Hazardous Materials Management Plan  The remedial activities will be conducted on property owned by the prospective developer, Suttle Avenue LLC. Suttle Avenue LLC will insist that all third party vendors/contractors are required to adhere to all policies and procedures, including undergoing a brief hazardous materials awareness training to ensure the safe management of any hazardous materials on-site. All third party contractors are responsible for the safe transport and management of their respective hazardous materials. Work conducted at the Tract F property will be conducted in accordance with the prospective developer’s Security Plan. The Plan will be available at the site and will be discussed in safety briefings and tailgate meetings, as needed. The plan includes items such as the following:  Contractors must have a hazardous materials management plan in-place which meets or exceeds applicable OSHA guidelines;  A list must be on-site and maintained of any hazardous materials which are expected to be brought on-site during the remedial activities;  All contractors and/or vendors must be approved by the Prospective Developer prior to accessing the site;  All contractors must sign in and out daily;  Hazardous materials must be secured on a daily basis and the Prospective Developer must be notified of how the materials will be secured;  All contractor employees must have been properly trained in hazardous materials handling, including the labeling of packages and containers, recognizing hazards, how to identify proper and improper shipping papers including manifests, etc.;  Contractors must have a disciplinary plan which describes how they handle/manage their employees if any are dismissed and/or terminated; and  Proper record keeping is required. 3.7  Hospital Route (See Figure 1)  From the site, head south on Suttle Avenue toward Isom Street. Turn left on US-74 E. Continue onto I-277 N/US-74 E. Take Exit 2A for North Carolina 16 S (Kenilworth Avenue/Third Street) toward Fourth Street. Keep right at the fork, follow signs for Kenilworth Avenue. Turn right onto Kenilworth Avenue. Turn left onto E Morehead Street. Slight right onto S Kings Drive. Take the 1st right onto Medical Center Drive. Turn right onto Blythe Boulevard. The hospital address is 1000 Blythe Boulevard. 13 S:\AAA-Master Projects\Bryant Park (BTP-003) Tract F Update 2013\EAP Addendum\Appendix C\HSP\HSP 2013-7-08.doc 3.8  Safety Briefings  Safety briefings will be held on each day during which site work is performed. A minimum of one daily safety briefing will be held on the site by all personnel involved in site operations. Additional safety briefings will be conducted as site conditions or hazards change, when returning to the site following breaks in operation such as lunch or weekends, or at other appropriate times to be determined by on-site personnel or the Project Manager. Records of these safety meetings will be noted on the safety briefing log sheets (provided at the end of this document) and in the field book, and will include the date and time of the briefing, names and affiliations of attendees, and any pertinent subjects of discussion (See Appendix E). 3.9  Notifications  The following authorities were contacted and briefed about our activities and the potential hazards: Name: Agency: Date: Name: Agency: Date: Name: Agency: Date: Name: Agency: Date: Name: Agency: Date: 14 S:\AAA-Master Projects\Bryant Park (BTP-003) Tract F Update 2013\EAP Addendum\Appendix C\HSP\HSP 2013-7-08.doc Comments and Special Instructions FIGURES BPT-003 BRYANT PARK PROPERTY CHARLOTTE, NORTH CAROLINA 2923 S. Tryon Street, Suite 100 Charlotte, NC 28203 704.586.0007(p) 704.586.0373(f) Figure 1 – Hospital Route and Driving Directions BPT-003 BRYANT PARK PROPERTY CHARLOTTE, NORTH CAROLINA 2923 S. Tryon Street, Suite 100 Charlotte, NC 28203 704.586.0007(p) 704.586.0373(f) CONTAMINATION REDUCTION CORRIDOR SEE ILLUSTRATION BELOW FIGURE 4 – WORK ZONE ILLUSTRATIONS Appendix A Visitors Log VISITORS LOG Name Company HASP Reviewed? Date Time In Time Out Initials Appendix B Hazardous Substances Information BENZENE CAS # 71-43-2 Division of Toxicology and Environmental Medicine ToxFAQsTM August 2007 This fact sheet answers the most frequently asked health questions (FAQs) about benzene. For more information, call the ATSDR Information Center at 1-800-232-4636. This fact sheet is one in a series of summaries about hazardous substances and their health effects. It is important you understand this information because this substance may harm you. The effects of exposure to any hazardous substance depend on the dose, the duration, how you are exposed, personal traits and habits, and whether other chemicals are present. HIGHLIGHTS: Benzene is a widely used chemical formed from both natural processes and human activities. Breathing benzene can cause drowsiness, dizziness, and unconsciousness; long-term benzene exposure causes effects on the bone marrow and can cause anemia and leukemia. Benzene has been found in at least 1,000 of the 1,684 National Priority List sites identified by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). What is benzene? Benzene is a colorless liquid with a sweet odor. It evaporates into the air very quickly and dissolves slightly in water. It is highly flammable and is formed from both natural processes and human activities. Benzene is widely used in the United States; it ranks in the top 20 chemicals for production volume. Some industries use benzene to make other chemicals which are used to make plastics, resins, and nylon and other synthetic fibers. Benzene is also used to make some types of rubbers, lubricants, dyes, detergents, drugs, and pesticides. Natural sources of benzene include emissions from volcanoes and forest fires. Benzene is also a natural part of crude oil, gasoline, and cigarette smoke. What happens to benzene when it enters the environment? ‘ Industrial processes are the main source of benzene in the environment. ‘ Benzene can pass into the air from water and soil. ‘ It reacts with other chemicals in the air and breaks down within a few days. ‘ Benzene in the air can attach to rain or snow and be carried back down to the ground. ‘ It breaks down more slowly in water and soil, and can pass through the soil into underground water. ‘ Benzene does not build up in plants or animals. How might I be exposed to benzene? ‘ Outdoor air contains low levels of benzene from tobacco smoke, automobile service stations, exhaust from motor vehicles, and industrial emissions. ‘ Vapors (or gases) from products that contain benzene, such as glues, paints, furniture wax, and detergents, can also be a source of exposure. ‘ Air around hazardous waste sites or gas stations will contain higher levels of benzene. ‘ Working in industries that make or use benzene. How can benzene affect my health? Breathing very high levels of benzene can result in death, while high levels can cause drowsiness, dizziness, rapid heart rate, headaches, tremors, confusion, and unconsciousness. Eating or drinking foods containing high levels of benzene can cause vomiting, irritation of the stomach, dizziness, sleepiness, convulsions, rapid heart rate, and death. The major effect of benzene from long-term exposure is on the blood. Benzene causes harmful effects on the bone U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, Public Health Service Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Page 2 Federal Recycling Program Printed on Recycled Paper ToxFAQsTM Internet address is http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxfaq.html Where can I get more information? For more information, contact the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Mailstop F-32, Atlanta, GA 30333. Phone: 1-800-232-4636, FAX: 770-488-4178. ToxFAQs Internet address via WWW is http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxfaq.html. ATSDR can tell you where to find occupational and environmental health clinics. Their specialists can recognize, evaluate, and treat illnesses resulting from exposure to hazardous substances. You can also contact your community or state health or environmental quality department if you have any more questions or concerns. marrow and can cause a decrease in red blood cells leading to anemia. It can also cause excessive bleeding and can affect the immune system, increasing the chance for infection. Some women who breathed high levels of benzene for many months had irregular menstrual periods and a decrease in the size of their ovaries, but we do not know for certain that benzene caused the effects. It is not known whether benzene will affect fertility in men. How likely is benzene to cause cancer? Long-term exposure to high levels of benzene in the air can cause leukemia, particularly acute myelogenous leukemia, often referred to as AML. This is a cancer of the blood- forming organs. The Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) has determined that benzene is a known carcinogen. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and the EPA have determined that benzene is carcinogenic to humans. How can benzene affect children? Children can be affected by benzene exposure in the same ways as adults. It is not known if children are more susceptible to benzene poisoning than adults. Benzene can pass from the mother’s blood to a fetus. Animal studies have shown low birth weights, delayed bone formation, and bone marrow damage when pregnant animals breathed benzene. How can families reduce the risks of exposure to benzene? Benzene exposure can be reduced by limiting contact with gasoline and cigarette smoke. Families are encouraged not to smoke in their house, in enclosed environments, or near their children. Is there a medical test to determine whether I’ve been exposed to benzene? Several tests can show if you have been exposed to benzene. There is a test for measuring benzene in the breath; this test must be done shortly after exposure. Benzene can also be measured in the blood; however, since benzene disappears rapidly from the blood, this test is only useful for recent exposures. In the body, benzene is converted to products called metabolites. Certain metabolites can be measured in the urine. The metabolite S-phenylmercapturic acid in urine is a sensitive indicator of benzene exposure. However, this test must be done shortly after exposure and is not a reliable indicator of how much benzene you have been exposed to, since the metabolites may be present in urine from other sources. Has the federal government made recommendations to protect human health? The EPA has set the maximum permissible level of benzene in drinking water at 5 parts benzene per billion parts of water (5 ppb). The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has set limits of 1 part benzene per million parts of workplace air (1 ppm) for 8 hour shifts and 40 hour work weeks. References Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). 2007. Toxicological Profile for Benzene (Update). Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Public Health and Human Services, Public Health Service. BENZENE CAS # 71-43-2 Search the Pocket Guide Enter search terms separated by spaces. p-Dichlorobenzene Synonyms & Trade Names p-DCB; 1,4-Dichlorobenzene; para-Dichlorobenzene; Dichlorocide CAS No.106-46- 7 RTECS No.CZ4550000 (/niosh- rtecs/CZ456D70.html) DOT ID & Guide Formula C6H4Cl2 Conversion 1 ppm = 6.01 mg/m IDLH Ca [150 ppm] See: 106467 (/niosh/idlh/106467.html) Exposure Limits NIOSH REL : Ca See Appendix A (nengapdxa.html) OSHA PEL †(nengapdxg.html) : TWA 75 ppm (450 mg/m ) Measurement Methods NIOSH 1003 (/niosh/docs/2003-154/pdfs/1003.pdf) ; OSHA 7 (http://www.osha.gov/dts/sltc/methods/organic/org001/org001.html) (http://www.cdc.gov/Other/disclaimer.html) See: NMAM (/niosh/docs/2003-154/) or OSHA Methods (http://www.osha.gov/dts/sltc/methods/index.html) (http://www.cdc.gov/Other/disclaimer.html) Physical Description Colorless or white crystalline solid with a mothball-like odor. [insecticide] MW:147.0 BP:345°F MLT: 128°F Sol:0.008%VP:1.3 mmHg IP:8.98 eV Sp.Gr: 1.25 Fl.P: 150°F UEL:?LEL:2.5% Combustible Solid, but may take some effort to ignite. Incompatibilities & Reactivities Strong oxidizers (such as chlorine or permanganate) Exposure Routes inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact Symptoms Eye irritation, swelling periorbital (situated around the eye); profuse rhinitis; headache, anorexia, nausea, vomiting; weight loss, jaundice, cirrhosis; in animals: liver, kidney injury; [potential occupational carcinogen] Target Organs Liver, respiratory system, eyes, kidneys, skin Cancer Site [in animals: liver & kidney cancer] Personal Protection/Sanitation (See protection codes (protect.html) ) Skin:Prevent skin contact Eyes:Prevent eye contact Wash skin:When contaminated/Daily First Aid (See procedures (firstaid.html) ) Eye:Irrigate immediately Skin:Soap wash Breathing:Respiratory support Swallow:Medical attention immediately 3 3 Page 1 of 2CDC - NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - p-Dichlorobenzene 6/26/2013http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0190.html Page last reviewed: April 4, 2011 Page last updated: November 18, 2010Content source: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Education and Information Division Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1600 Clifton Rd. Atlanta, GA 30333, USA 800-CDC-INFO (800-232-4636) TTY: (888) 232-6348 - Contact CDC–INFO Remove:When wet or contaminated Change:Daily Provide:Eyewash, Quick drench Respirator Recommendations NIOSH At concentrations above the NIOSH REL, or where there is no REL, at any detectable concentration: (APF = 10,000) Any self-contained breathing apparatus that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode (APF = 10,000) Any supplied-air respirator that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure- demand or other positive-pressure mode in combination with an auxiliary self-contained positive- pressure breathing apparatus Escape: (APF = 50) Any air-purifying, full-facepiece respirator (gas mask) with a chin-style, front- or back- mounted organic vapor canister Any appropriate escape-type, self-contained breathing apparatus Important additional information about respirator selection (pgintrod.html#mustread) See also: INTRODUCTION (/niosh/npg/pgintrod.html) See ICSC CARD: 0037 (/niosh/ipcsneng/neng0037.html) See MEDICAL TESTS: 0073 (/niosh/docs/2005-110/nmed0073.html) Page 2 of 2CDC - NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - p-Dichlorobenzene 6/26/2013http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0190.html ETHYLBENZENE CAS # 100-41-4 Division of Toxicology and Environmental Medicine ToxFAQsTM September 2007 This fact sheet answers the most frequently asked health questions (FAQs) about ethylbenzene. For more information, call the ATSDR Information Center at 1-800-232-4636. This fact sheet is one in a series of summaries about hazardous substances and their health effects. It is important you understand this information because this substance may harm you. The effects of exposure to any hazardous substance depend on the dose, the duration, how you are exposed, personal traits and habits, and whether other chemicals are present. HIGHLIGHTS: Ethylbenzene is a colorless liquid found in a number of products including gasoline and paints. Breathing very high levels can cause dizziness and throat and eye irritation. Breathing lower levels has resulted in hearing effects and kidney damage in animals. Ethylbenzene has been found in at least 829 of 1,689 National Priorities List sites identified by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). What is ethylbenzene? Ethylbenzene is a colorless, flammable liquid that smells like gasoline. It is naturally found in coal tar and petroleum and is also found in manufactured products such as inks, pesticides, and paints. Ethylbenzene is used primarily to make another chemical, styrene. Other uses include as a solvent, in fuels, and to make other chemicals. What happens to ethylbenzene when it enters the environment? ‘ Ethylbenzene moves easily into the air from water and soil. ‘ It takes about 3 days for ethylbenzene to be broken down in air into other chemicals. ‘ In surface water, ethylbenzene breaks down by reacting with other chemicals found naturally in water. ‘ Ethylbenzene can move through soil into groundwater ‘ In soil, it is broken down by bacteria. How might I be exposed to ethylbenzene? ‘ If you live in a city or near many factories or heavily traveled highways, you may be exposed to ethylbenzene in air. ‘ Releases of ethylbenzene into the air occur from burning oil, gas, and coal and from industries using ethylbenzene. ‘ Ethylbenzene is not often found in drinking water. Higher levels may be found in residential drinking water wells near landfills, waste sites, or leaking underground fuel storage tanks. ‘ Working in an industry where ethylbenzene is used or made. ‘ Using products containing it, such as gasoline, carpet glues, varnishes, and paints. How can ethylbenzene affect my health? Exposure to high levels of ethylbenzene in air for short periods can cause eye and throat irritation. Exposure to higher levels can result in dizziness. Irreversible damage to the inner ear and hearing has been observed in animals exposed to relatively low concentrations of ethylbenzene for several days to weeks. Exposure to relatively low concentrations of ethylbenzene in air for several months to years causes kidney damage in animals. How likely is ethylbenzene to cause cancer? The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has determined that ethylbenzene is a possible human carcinogen. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, Public Health Service Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Page 2 Federal Recycling Program Printed on Recycled Paper ToxFAQsTM Internet address is http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxfaq.html Where can I get more information? For more information, contact the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Mailstop F-32, Atlanta, GA 30333. Phone: 1-800-232-4636, FAX: 770-488-4178. ToxFAQs Internet address via WWW is http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxfaq.html. ATSDR can tell you where to find occupational and environmental health clinics. Their specialists can recognize, evaluate, and treat illnesses resulting from exposure to hazardous substances. You can also contact your community or state health or environmental quality department if you have any more questions or concerns. How can ethylbenzene affect children? There are no studies evaluating the effects of ethylbenzene exposure on children or immature animals. It is likely that children would have the same health effects as adults. We do not know whether children would be more sensitive than adults to the effects of ethylbenzene. We do not know if ethylbenzene will cause birth defects in humans. Minor birth defects and low birth weight have occurred in newborn animals whose mothers were exposed to ethylbenzene in air during pregnancy. How can families reduce the risks of exposure to ethylbenzene? ‘ Use adequate ventilation to reduce exposure to ethylbenzene vapors from consumer products such as gasoline, pesticides, varnishes and paints, and newly installed carpeting. ‘ Sometimes older children sniff household chemicals, including ethylbenzene, in an attempt to get high. Talk with your children about the dangers of sniffing chemicals. ‘ Household chemicals should be stored out of reach of children to prevent accidental poisoning. Always store household chemicals in their original containers; never store them in containers that children would find attractive to eat or drink from, such as old soda bottles. Gasoline should be stored in a gasoline can with a locked cap. Is there a medical test to determine whether I’ve been exposed to ethylbenzene? Ethylbenzene is found in the blood, urine, breath, and some body tissues of exposed people. The most common way to test for ethylbenzene is in the urine. This test measures substances formed by the breakdown of ethylbenzene. Because these substances leave the body very quickly, this test needs to be done within a few hours after exposure occurs. These tests can show you were exposed to ethylbenzene, but cannot predict the kind of health effects that might occur. Has the federal government made recommendations to protect human health? The EPA has determined that exposure to ethylbenzene in drinking water at concentrations of 30 ppm for 1 day or 3 ppm for 10 days is not expected to cause any adverse effects in a child. The EPA has determined that lifetime exposure to 0.7 ppm ethylbenzene is not expected to cause any adverse effects. The Occupational Health and Safety Administration (OSHA) has limited workers' exposure to an average of 100 ppm for an 8-hour workday, 40-hour workweek. References Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). 2007. Toxicological Profile for Ethylbenzene (Draft for Public Comment). Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Public Health and Human Services, Public Health Service. ETHYLBENZENE CAS # 100-41-4 XYLENE CAS # 1330-20-7 Division of Toxicology and Environmental Medicine ToxFAQsTM September 2005 This fact sheet answers the most frequently asked health questions (FAQs) about xylene. For more information, call the ATSDR Information Center at 1-888-422-8737. This fact sheet is one in a series of summaries about hazardous substances and their health effects. It is important you understand this information because this substance may harm you. The effects of exposure to any hazardous substance depend on the dose, the duration, how you are exposed, personal traits and habits, and whether other chemicals are present. HIGHLIGHTS: Exposure to xylene occurs in the workplace and when you use paint, gasoline, paint thinners and other products that contain it. People who breathe high levels may have dizziness, confusion, and a change in their sense of balance. Xylene has been found in at least 844 of the 1,662 National Priority List sites identified by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). What is xylene? There are three forms of xylene in which the methyl groups vary on the benzene ring: meta-xylene, ortho-xylene, and para-xylene (m-, o-, and p-xylene). These different forms are referred to as isomers. Xylene is a colorless, sweet-smelling liquid that catches on fire easily. It occurs naturally in petroleum and coal tar. Chemical industries produce xylene from petroleum. It is one of the top 30 chemicals produced in the United States in terms of volume. Xylene is used as a solvent and in the printing, rubber, and leather industries. It is also used as a cleaning agent, a thinner for paint, and in paints and varnishes. It is found in small amounts in airplane fuel and gasoline. What happens to xylene when it enters the environment? ‘ Xylene evaporates quickly from the soil and surface water into the air. ‘ In the air, it is broken down by sunlight into other less harmful chemicals. ‘ It is broken down by microorganisms in soil and water. ‘ Only a small amount of it builds up in fish, shellfish, plants, and other animals living in xylene-contaminated water. How might I be exposed to xylene? ‘ Using a variety of consumer products including gasoline, pain, varnish, shellac, rust preventives, and cigarette smoke. Xylene can be absorbed through the respiratory tract and through the skin. ‘ Ingesting xylene-contaminated food or water, although these levels are likely to be very low. ‘ Working in a job that involves the use of xylene such as painters, paint industry workers, biomedical laboratory workers, automobile garage workers, metal workers, and furniture refinishers. How can xylene affect my health? No health effects have been noted at the background levels that people are exposed to on a daily basis. High levels of exposure for short or long periods can cause headaches, lack of muscle coordination, dizziness, confusion, and changes in one's sense of balance. Exposure of people to high levels of xylene for short periods can also cause irritation of the skin, eyes, nose, and throat; difficulty in breathing; problems with the lungs; delayed reaction time; memory difficulties; stomach discomfort; and possibly changes in the liver and kidneys. It can cause unconsciousness and even death at very high levels. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, Public Health Service Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Page 2 Federal Recycling Program Printed on Recycled Paper ToxFAQsTM Internet address is http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxfaq.html Where can I get more information? For more information, contact the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Mailstop F-32, Atlanta, GA 30333. Phone: 1-888-422-8737, FAX: 770-488-4178. ToxFAQs Internet address via WWW is http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxfaq.html. ATSDR can tell you where to find occupational and environmental health clinics. Their specialists can recognize, evaluate, and treat illnesses resulting from exposure to hazardous substances. You can also contact your community or state health or environmental quality department if you have any more questions or concerns. How likely is xylene to cause cancer? Both the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and the EPA have found that there is insufficient information to determine whether or not xylene is carcinogenic. How can xylene affect children? The effects of xylene have not been studied in children, but it is likely that they would be similar to those seen in exposed adults. Although there is no direct evidence, children may be more sensitive to acute inhalation exposure than adults because their narrower airways would be more sensitive to swelling effects. Studies of unborn animals indicate that high concentrations of xylene may cause increased numbers of deaths, and delayed growth and development. In many instances, these same concentrations also cause damage to the mothers. We do not know if xylene harms the unborn child if the mother is exposed to low levels of xylene during pregnancy. How can families reduce the risks of exposure to xylene? ‘ Exposure to xylene as solvents (in paints or gasoline) can be reduced if the products are used with adequate ventilation and if they are stored in tightly closed containers out of the reach of small children. ‘ Sometimes older children sniff household chemicals in attempt to get high. Talk with your children about the dangers of sniffing xylene. ‘ If products containing xylene are spilled on the skin, then the excess should be wiped off and the area cleaned with soap and water. Is there a medical test to determine whether I’ve been exposed to xylene? Laboratory tests can detect xylene or its breakdown products in exhaled air, blood, or urine. There is a high degree of agreement between the levels of exposure to xylene and the levels of xylene breakdown products in the urine. However, a urine sample must be provided very soon after exposure ends because xylene quickly leaves the body. These tests are not routinely available at your doctor's office. Has the federal government made recommendations to protect human health? The EPA set a limit of 10 parts xylene per million parts drinking water (10 ppm). The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has set limits of 100 parts xylene per million parts of workplace air (100 ppm) for 8 hour shifts and 40 hour work weeks. References Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). 2005. Toxicological Profile for Xylene (Draft for Public Comment). Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Public Health and Human Services, Public Health Service. XYLENE CAS # 1330-20-7 ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ Division of Toxicology ToxFAQsTM July 2003 TRICHLOROETHYLENE CAS # 79-01-6 This fact sheet answers the most frequently asked health questions (FAQs) about trichloroethylene. For more information, call the ATSDR Information Center at 1-888-422-8737. This fact sheet is one in a series of summaries about hazardous substances and their health effects. This information is important because this substance may harm you. The effects of exposure to any hazardous substance depend on the dose, the duration, how you are exposed, personal traits and habits, and whether other chemicals are present. HIGHLIGHTS: Trichloroethylene is a colorless liquid which is used as a solvent for cleaning metal parts. Drinking or breathing high levels of trichloroethylene may cause nervous system effects, liver and lung damage, abnormal heartbeat, coma, and possibly death. Trichloroethylene has been found in at least 852 of the 1,430 National Priorities List sites identified by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). What is trichloroethylene? Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a nonflammable, colorless liquid with a somewhat sweet odor and a sweet, burning taste. It is used mainly as a solvent to remove grease from metal parts, but it is also an ingredient in adhesives, paint removers, typewriter correction fluids, and spot removers. Trichloroethylene is not thought to occur naturally in the environment. However, it has been found in underground water sources and many surface waters as a result of the manufacture, use, and disposal of the chemical. What happens to trichloroethylene when it enters the environment? Trichloroethylene dissolves a little in water, but it can remain in ground water for a long time. Trichloroethylene quickly evaporates from surface water, so it is commonly found as a vapor in the air. Trichloroethylene evaporates less easily from the soil than from surface water. It may stick to particles and remain for a long time. Trichloroethylene may stick to particles in water, which will cause it to eventually settle to the bottom sediment. Trichloroethylene does not build up significantly in plants and animals. How might I be exposed to trichloroethylene? Breathing air in and around the home which has been contaminated with trichloroethylene vapors from shower water or household products such as spot removers and typewriter correction fluid. Drinking, swimming, or showering in water that has been contaminated with trichloroethylene. Contact with soil contaminated with trichloroethylene, such as near a hazardous waste site. Contact with the skin or breathing contaminated air while manufacturing trichloroethylene or using it at work to wash paint or grease from skin or equipment. How can trichloroethylene affect my health? Breathing small amounts may cause headaches, lung irritation, dizziness, poor coordination, and difficulty concentrating. Breathing large amounts of trichloroethylene may cause impaired heart function, unconsciousness, and death. Breathing it for long periods may cause nerve, kidney, and liver damage. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, Public Health Service Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Page 2 Federal Recycling Program Printed on Recycled Paper ToxFAQsTM Internet address is http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxfaq.html Where can I get more information? For more information, contact the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Toxicology, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Mailstop F-32, Atlanta, GA 30333. Phone: 1-888-422-8737, FAX: 770-488-4178. ToxFAQsTM Internet address is http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxfaq.html . ATSDR can tell you where to find occupational and environmental health clinics. Their specialists can recognize, evaluate, and treat illnesses resulting from exposure to hazardous substances. You can also contact your community or state health or environmental quality department if you have any more questions or concerns. TRICHLOROETHYLENE CAS # 79-01-6 Drinking large amounts of trichloroethylene may cause nausea, liver damage, unconsciousness, impaired heart function, or death. Drinking small amounts of trichloroethylene for long periods may cause liver and kidney damage, impaired immune system function, and impaired fetal development in pregnant women, although the extent of some of these effects is not yet clear. Skin contact with trichloroethylene for short periods may cause skin rashes. How likely is trichloroethylene to cause cancer? Some studies with mice and rats have suggested that high levels of trichloroethylene may cause liver, kidney, or lung cancer. Some studies of people exposed over long periods to high levels of trichloroethylene in drinking water or in workplace air have found evidence of increased cancer. Although, there are some concerns about the studies of people who were exposed to trichloroethylene, some of the effects found in people were similar to effects in animals. In its 9th Report on Carcinogens, the National Toxicology Program (NTP) determined that trichloroethylene is “reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen.” The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has determined that trichloroethylene is “probably carcinogenic to humans.” Is there a medical test to show whether I’ve been exposed to trichloroethylene? If you have recently been exposed to trichloroethylene, it can be detected in your breath, blood, or urine. The breath test, if it is performed soon after exposure, can tell if you have been exposed to even a small amount of trichloroethylene. Exposure to larger amounts is assessed by blood and urine tests, which can detect trichloroethylene and many of its breakdown products for up to a week after exposure. However, exposure to other similar chemicals can produce the same breakdown products, so their detection is not absolute proof of exposure to trichloroethylene. This test isn’t available at most doctors’ offices, but can be done at special laboratories that have the right equipment. Has the federal government made recommendations to protect human health? The EPA has set a maximum contaminant level for trichloroethylene in drinking water at 0.005 milligrams per liter (0.005 mg/L) or 5 parts of TCE per billion parts water. The EPA has also developed regulations for the handling and disposal of trichloroethylene. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has set an exposure limit of 100 parts of trichloroethylene per million parts of air (100 ppm) for an 8­ hour workday, 40-hour workweek. Glossary Carcinogenicity: The ability of a substance to cause cancer. CAS: Chemical Abstracts Service. Evaporate: To change into a vapor or gas. Milligram (mg): One thousandth of a gram. Nonflammable: Will not burn. ppm: Parts per million. Sediment: Mud and debris that have settled to the bottom of a body of water. Solvent: A chemical that dissolves other substances. References This ToxFAQs information is taken from the 1997 Toxicological Profile for Trichloroethylene (update) produced by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service in Atlanta, GA. TRICHLOROBENZENES CAS # 12002-48-1 Division of Toxicology and Environmental Medicine ToxFAQsTM September 2010 This fact sheet answers the most frequently asked health questions (FAQs) about trichlorobenzenes. For more information, call the ATSDR Information Center at 1-800-232-4636. This fact sheet is one in a series of summaries about hazardous substances and their health effects. It is important you understand this information because these substances may harm you. The effects of exposure to any hazardous substance depend on the dose, the duration, how you are exposed, personal traits and habits, and whether other chemicals are present. HIGHLIGHTS: Trichlorobenzenes have been used as solvents. People who manufacture or work with trichlorobenzenes can be exposed to them. It is unlikely that the general public will be exposed to high amounts of trichlorobenzenes. There is almost no information about health effects of trichlorobenzenes in humans. 1,2,3-, 1,2,4-, and 1,3,5-Trichlorobenzene have been found in at least 31, 187, and 4 of the 1,699 National Priorities List sites identified by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), respectively. What are trichlorobenzenes? Trichlorobenzenes are human-made compounds that occur in three different chemical forms or isomers: 1,2,3-, 1,2,4-, and 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene. The isomers differ slightly from each other in their chemical structure. 1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene and 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene are colorless solids, while 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene is a colorless liquid. Trichlorobenzenes have primarily been used as solvents and chemical intermediates to produce other compounds. 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene is produced in large quantities and is used as a solvent to dissolve special materials such as oils, waxes, resins, greases, and rubber. It is also frequently used to produce dyes and textiles. 1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene and 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene, are produced in lower quantities and have fewer uses. What happens to trichlorobenzenes when they enterthe environment? ‘ Trichlorobenzenes are volatile and preferentially enter the air when released to the environment. ‘ The half-life (the time it takes for 50% of the compound to degrade) of trichlorobenzenes in air is about 1 month. ‘ Trichlorobenzenes have been detected in groundwater, drinking water, and surface water (rivers and lakes). Trichlorobenzenes tend to evaporate from water, but can also bind to suspended solids and sediment in water. ‘ Trichlorobenzenes evaporate from soils and are slowly broken down by microorganisms in soil and sediment. ‘ High levels of trichlorobenzenes are often detected in fish or other species living in contaminated waters because trichlorobenzenes can accumulate in fatty tissues. How might I be exposed to trichlorobenzenes? ‘ The general population may be exposed to trichlorobenzenes by inhaling air and through the ingestion of food and drinking water. ‘ Trichlorobenzenes have been identified in a variety of food items including vegetables, milk, eggs/meat, and oils produced from various nuts and seeds. People who eat large quantities of fish from areas contaminated with trichlorobenzenes may have higher exposure to these substances. ‘ Workers who manufacture or use trichlorobenzenes can be exposed by inhalation and dermal contact with these substances. How can trichlorobenzenes affect my health? There is virtually no information regarding health effects of trichlorobenzenes in humans. However, based on results from studies in animals, it is reasonable to predict that humans exposed to high amounts of trichlorobenzenes may develop liver problems. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, Public Health Service Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Page 2 Federal Recycling Program Printed on Recycled Paper ToxFAQsTM Internet address is http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxfaq.html Where can I get more information? For more information, contact the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Mailstop F-62, Atlanta, GA 30333. Phone: 1-800-232-4636, FAX: 770-488-4178. ToxFAQs Internet address via WWW is http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxfaq.html. ATSDR can tell you where to find occupational and environmental health clinics. Their specialists can recognize, evaluate, and treat illnesses resulting from exposure to hazardous substances. You can also contact your community or state health or environmental quality department if you have any more questions or concerns. Studies in animals indicate that oral administration of trichlorobenzenes for short or long periods produces mainly alterations in the liver and kidneys. Long term administration of 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene to rats did not affect their capacity to have normal offspring. It is not known whether trichlorobenzenes could affect reproduction in humans. How likely are trichlorobenzenes to cause cancer? There are no studies of cancer in people exposed to trichlorobenzenes. Mice given 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene in the food for 2 years developed cancer of the liver. The EPA has stated that 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene is not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity. However, this was based on studies conducted prior to 1990; newer information has not been evaluated. How can trichlorobenzenes affect children? There are no studies of children exposed to trichlorobenzenes. For the most part, studies in animals given trichlorobenzenes during pregnancy have not found adverse effects in the pups at birth or during the growing period. However, a study in rats given 1,2,4- or 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene found lesions in the eyes of the pups. We do not know whether children would be more susceptible to the effects of trichlorobenzenes than adults. Trichlorobenzenes have been found in human breast milk, which means that mothers can transfer these chemicals to their babies by nursing. How can families reduce the risk of exposure totrichlorobenzenes? ‘ Trichlorobenzenes do not have widespread use in consumer products that are readily available to the general public. ‘ Avoid areas near facilities that manufacture and use trichlorobenzenes and other chlorinated substances or hazardous waste sites at which these substances may have been disposed of. ‘ Avoiding high consumption of root crops and fish living in contaminated environments will reduce the risk of exposure. Is there a medical test to determine whether I’ve been exposed to trichlorobenzenes? Trichlorobenzenes can be measured in blood and body fat, but the tests used are not routinely available in the doctor's office. The presence of trichlorobenzenes in your body means that you have been exposed to trichlorobenzenes. Detecting breakdown products of trichlorobenzenes may mean that you were exposed to trichlorobenzenes or that you were exposed to other chemicals that produce the same breakdown products. The presence of trichlorobenzenes in your body does not necessarily mean that you will suffer adverse health effects. Has the federal government made recommendations to protect human health? The EPA has determined that exposure to 1,2,4-trichloro- benzene and 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene in drinking water at concentrations of 0.1 and 0.6 milligrams per liter (mg/L), respectively, for 1 or 10 days is not expected to cause any adverse effects in a child. The EPA has determined that lifetime exposure to 0.07 mg/L 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene and 0.04 mg/L 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene is not expected to cause any adverse effects. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has determined that the concentration of 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene in bottled drinking water should not exceed 0.7 mg/L. References Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). 2010. Toxicological Profile for Trichlorobenzenes (Draft for Public Comment). Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Public Health and Human Services, Public Health Service. TRICHLOROBENZENES CAS # 12002-48-1 Search the Pocket Guide Enter search terms separated by spaces. 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene Synonyms & Trade Names Asymmetrical trimethylbenzene, psi-Cumene, Pseudocumene [Note: Hemimellitene is a mixture of the 1,2,3-isomer with up to 10% of related aromatics such as the 1,2,4- isomer.] CAS No.95- 63-6 RTECS No.DC3325000 (/niosh- rtecs/DC32BC48.html) DOT ID & Guide Formula C6H3 (CH3)3 Conversion 1 ppm = 4.92 mg/m IDLH N.D. See: IDLH INDEX (/niosh/idlh/intridl4.html) Exposure Limits NIOSH REL : TWA 25 ppm (125 mg/m ) OSHA PEL †(nengapdxg.html) : none Measurement MethodsOSHAPV2091 (http://www.osha.gov/dts/sltc/methods/partial/pv2091/pv2091.html) (http://www.cdc.gov/Other/disclaimer.html) See: NMAM (/niosh/docs/2003-154/) or OSHA Methods (http://www.osha.gov/dts/sltc/methods/index.html) (http://www.cdc.gov/Other/disclaimer.html) Physical Description Clear, colorless liquid with a distinctive, aromatic odor. MW:120.2 BP:337° F FRZ:- 77°F Sol:0.006%VP(56°F): 1 mmHg IP:8.27 eV Sp.Gr: 0.88 Fl.P: 112° F UEL: 6.4%LEL:0.9% Class II Flammable Liquid Incompatibilities & Reactivities Oxidizers, nitric acid Exposure Routes inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact Symptoms irritation eyes, skin, nose, throat, respiratory system; bronchitis; hypochromic anemia; headache, drowsiness, lassitude (weakness, exhaustion), dizziness, nausea, incoordination; vomiting, confusion; chemical pneumonitis (aspiration liquid) Target Organs Eyes, skin, respiratory system, central nervous system, blood Personal Protection/Sanitation (See protection codes (protect.html) ) Skin:Prevent skin contact Eyes:Prevent eye contact First Aid (See procedures (firstaid.html) ) Eye:Irrigate immediately Skin:Soap wash 3 3 Page 1 of 2CDC - NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene 6/26/2013http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0638.html Page last reviewed: April 4, 2011 Page last updated: November 18, 2010Content source: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Education and Information Division Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1600 Clifton Rd. Atlanta, GA 30333, USA 800-CDC-INFO (800-232-4636) TTY: (888) 232-6348 - Contact CDC–INFO Wash skin:When contaminated Remove:When wet or contaminated Change:No recommendation Breathing:Respiratory support Swallow:Medical attention immediately Respirator Recommendations Not available. Important additional information about respirator selection (pgintrod.html#mustread) See also: INTRODUCTION (/niosh/npg/pgintrod.html) See ICSC CARD: 1433 (/niosh/ipcsneng/neng1433.html) Page 2 of 2CDC - NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene 6/26/2013http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0638.html ICSC:NENG0617 International Chemical Safety Cards (WHO/IPCS/ILO) | CDC/NIOSH http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ipcsneng/neng0617.html[6/26/2013 2:55:45 AM] International Chemical Safety Cards p-CYMENE ICSC: 0617 1-Methyl-4-isopropylbenzene Dolcymene Camphogen C10H14 / CH3C6H4CH(CH3)2 Molecular mass: 134.2 ICSC # 0617 CAS # 99-87-6 RTECS # GZ5950000 UN # 2046 November 04, 1997 Validated TYPES OFHAZARD/ EXPOSURE ACUTE HAZARDS/SYMPTOMS PREVENTION FIRST AID/ FIRE FIGHTING FIRE Flammable. NO open flames, NO sparks, and NO smoking. Powder, AFFF, foam, carbon dioxide. EXPLOSION Above 47°C explosive vapour/air mixtures may be formed. Above 47°C use a closed system, ventilation, and explosion-proof electrical equipment. Prevent build-up of electrostatic charges (e.g., by grounding). In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water. EXPOSURE PREVENT GENERATION OF MISTS! •INHALATION Dizziness. Drowsiness. Vomiting. Ventilation. Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Artificial respiration if indicated. Refer for medical attention. •SKIN Dry skin. Redness. Protective gloves. Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap. Wear protective gloves when administering first aid. •EYES Redness. Safety spectacles. First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then take to a doctor. •INGESTION Diarrhoea. Drowsiness. Headache. Nausea. Vomiting. Unconsciousness. Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work. Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Rest. Refer for medical attention. SPILLAGE DISPOSAL STORAGE PACKAGING & LABELLING Collect leaking liquid in sealable containers.Fireproof. ICSC:NENG0617 International Chemical Safety Cards (WHO/IPCS/ILO) | CDC/NIOSH http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ipcsneng/neng0617.html[6/26/2013 2:55:45 AM] Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent and remove to safe place. (Extra personal protection: filter respirator for organic gases and vapours). UN Hazard Class: 3 UN Packing Group: III SEE IMPORTANT INFORMATION ON BACK ICSC: 0617 Prepared in the context of cooperation between the International Programme on Chemical Safety & the Commission of the European Communities (C) IPCS CEC 1994. No modifications to the International version have been made except to add the OSHA PELs, NIOSH RELs and NIOSH IDLH values. International Chemical Safety Cards p-CYMENE ICSC: 0617 I M P O R T A N T D A T A PHYSICAL STATE; APPEARANCE: COLOURLESS LIQUID , WITH CHARACTERISTIC ODOUR. PHYSICAL DANGERS: The vapour is heavier than air. CHEMICAL DANGERS: Reacts with oxidants. Attacks rubber. OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS: TLV not established. ROUTES OF EXPOSURE: The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour and by ingestion. INHALATION RISK: No indication can be given about the rate in which a harmful concentration in the air is reached on evaporation of this substance at 20°C. EFFECTS OF SHORT-TERM EXPOSURE: The substance is irritating to the eyes and the skin . Swallowing the liquid may cause aspiration into the lungs with the risk of chemical pneumonitis. EFFECTS OF LONG-TERM OR REPEATED EXPOSURE: The liquid defats the skin. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Boiling point: 177°C Melting point: -68°C Relative density (water = 1): 0.85 Solubility in water, g/100 ml at 25°C: 0.002 Vapour pressure, Pa at 20°C: 200 Relative vapour density (air = 1): 4.62 Flash point: 47°C c.c. Auto-ignition temperature: 435°C Explosive limits, vol% in air: 0.7-5.6 Octanol/water partition coefficient as log Pow: 4.1 ENVIRONMENTAL DATA N O T E S Transport Emergency Card: TEC (R)-30G35 ICSC:NENG0617 International Chemical Safety Cards (WHO/IPCS/ILO) | CDC/NIOSH http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ipcsneng/neng0617.html[6/26/2013 2:55:45 AM] NFPA Code: H2; F2; R0; ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ICSC: 0617 p-CYMENE (C) IPCS, CEC, 1994 IMPORTANT LEGAL NOTICE: Neither NIOSH, the CEC or the IPCS nor any person acting on behalf of NIOSH, the CEC or the IPCS is responsible for the use which might be made of this information. This card contains the collective views of the IPCS Peer Review Committee and may not reflect in all cases all the detailed requirements included in national legislation on the subject. The user should verify compliance of the cards with the relevant legislation in the country of use. The only modifications made to produce the U.S. version is inclusion of the OSHA PELs, NIOSH RELs and NIOSH IDLH values. May 1994 Documentation for Immediately Dangerous To Life or Health Concentrations (IDLHs) Coal tar pitch volatiles CAS number:65996–93–2 NIOSH REL:0.1 mg/m (cyclohexane-extractable fraction) TWA; NIOSH considers coal tar pitch volatiles to be potential occupational carcinogens as defined by the OSHA carcinogen policy [29 CFR 1990]. Current OSHA PEL:0.2 mg/m (benzene-soluble fraction) TWA 1989 OSHA PEL:Same as current PEL 1993-1994 ACGIH TLV:0.2 mg/m (benzene-soluble fraction) TWA, A1 Description of Substance:Black or dark-brown amorphous residue. LEL:. . Unknown Original (SCP) IDLH:700 mg/m [*Note: "Effective" IDLH = 400 mg/m -- see discussion below.] Basis for original (SCP) IDLH:Redmond et al. [1972] have shown that the major health effects resulting from long-term repeated exposure to coal tar pitch volatiles (CTPV) are cancer of the lung, kidney, and skin; however, no studies have been made on carcinogenic effects by any route from single short-term exposure to CTPV that could relate to a 30-minute IDLH. Therefore, reliance must be placed on comparative data of single versus repeated carcinogenic doses of benzo(a)pyrene [B(a)P], a known component of CTPV. Bingham [1971] reported that B(a)P applied in a single dose of 2 mg to the skin of mice yielded tumors in 10% to 20% of the animals whereas 0.01 mg B(a)P applied in a noncarcinogenic solvent applied to the skin 3 times/week for 50 weeks yielded tumors in 50% of the animals. Thus, a single dose producing about 1/3 the number of tumors was 200 times the repeated 3 times/week dose. Using this factor and the value of 0.6 mg/m CTPV reported by Mazumdar et al. [1975] as safe for coke oven workers, a total dose IDLH of 120 mg CTPV (as benzene solubles) is calculated; by using 7.5 liters as the minute volume of coke oven workers and a 75% lung retention of CTPV a 30-minute IDLH is calculated to be about 700 mg/m (as benzene solubles). However, because of the assigned protection factor afforded by each device, 400 mg/m (i.e., 2,000 × the PEL) is the concentration above which only the "most protective" respirators are permitted. 3 3 3 33 3 3 3 Page 1 of 3CDC - Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLH): Coal tar pitch v... 6/26/2013http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/idlh/65996932.html Short-term exposure guidelines:None developed ACUTE TOXICITY DATA Lethal concentration data: Species Reference LC50 (ppm) LCLo (ppm)Time Adjusted 0.5-hr LC (CF) Derived value Pyrene Rat Potapova et al. 1971 170 mg/m ----- ? ? ? Lethal dose data: Species Reference Route LD50 (mg/kg) LDLo (mg/kg)Adjusted LD Derived value Pyrene Rat Mouse Potapova et al. 1971 Potapova et al. 1971 oral oral 2,700 800 ----- ----- 18,900 mg/m 5,600 mg/m 1,890 mg/m 560 mg/m Anthracene Mouse Nogochy 1969 oral ----- > 17,000 > 119,000 mg/m > 11,900 mg/m Phenanthrene Mouse Rakhmanina 1964 oral 700 ----- 4,900 mg/m 490 mg/m Other animal data:The major health effects resulting from long-term repeated exposure to coal tar pitch volatiles (CTPV) are cancer of the lung, kidney, and skin [Redmond et al. 1972]; however, no studies have been made on carcinogenic effects by any route from single short- term exposure to CTPV that could relate to a 30-minute IDLH. Therefore, reliance must be placed on comparative data of single versus repeated carcinogenic doses of benzo(a)pyrene [B (a)P], a known component of CTPV. It has been reported that B(a)P applied in a single dose of 2 mg to the skin of mice yielded tumors in 10% to 20% of the animals whereas 0.01 mg B(a)P applied in a noncarcinogenic solvent applied to the skin 3 times/week for 50 weeks yielded tumors in 50% of the animals [Bingham 1971]. Thus, a single dose producing about 1/3 the number of tumors was 200 times the repeated 3 times/week dose. Using this factor and the value of 0.6 mg/m CTPV reported as safe for coke oven workers [Mazumdar et al. 1975], a total dose IDLH of 120 mg CTPV (as benzene solubles) is calculated; by using 50 liters as the minute volume of workers and 100% lung retention of CTPV, a 30-minute IDLH is calculated to be about 80 mg/m (as benzene solubles). Human data:None relevant for use in determining the revised IDLH. 3 3 3 3 3 33 33 3 3 Page 2 of 3CDC - Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLH): Coal tar pitch v... 6/26/2013http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/idlh/65996932.html Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1600 Clifton Rd. Atlanta, GA 30333, USA 800-CDC-INFO (800-232-4636) TTY: (888) 232-6348 - Contact CDC–INFO Revised IDLH:80 mg/m (as the benzene-soluble fraction) Basis for revised IDLH:The revised IDLH for coal tar pitch volatiles is 80 mg/m (as the benzene-soluble fraction) based on toxicity data in animals [Bingham 1971; Mazumdar et al. 1975; Redmond et al. 1972] (see discussion above). [Note: NIOSH recommends as part of its carcinogen policy that the "most protective" respirators be worn for coal tar pitch volatiles at concentrations above 0.1 mg/m (cyclohexane-extractable fraction).] REFERENCES: 1. Bingham E [1971]. Thresholds in cancer inductions. If they do exist, do they shift? Arch Environ Health 22:692-695. 2. Mazumdar S, Redmond C, Sollecito W, Sussman N [1975]. An epidemiological study of exposure to coal tar pitch volatiles among coke oven workers. J Air Pollut Control Assoc 25 (4):382-389. 3. Nagochy PA [1969]. Comparative study of the toxicity of pure and technical anthracene. Gig Tr Prof Zabol 13(5):59 (in Russian). 4. Potapova AN, Kapitulsky VB, et al. [1971]. Toxicological evaluation of pyrene. Gig Tr Prof Zabol 15(2):59 (in Russian). 5. Rakhmanina NL [1964]. Establishing standards for the phenanthrene and pyrene contents in water bodies. Gig Sanit 29(6):19-23 (translated). 6. Redmond CK, Ciocco A, Lloyd JW, Rush HW [1972]. Long-term mortality study of steel workers. VI. Mortality from malignant neoplasms among coke oven workers. J Occup Med 14 (8):621-629. 3 3 3 Page 3 of 3CDC - Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLH): Coal tar pitch v... 6/26/2013http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/idlh/65996932.html Report on Carcinogens, Twelfth Edition (2011) National Toxicology Program, Department of Health and Human Services Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: 15 Listings Reasonably anticipated to be human carcinogens Also known as PAHs or polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons The term “polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon” (PAH) commonly refers to a large class of organic compounds that contain carbon and hydro­ gen and consist of two or more fused aromatic rings. Fifteen indi­ vidual PAHs (not the entire class) are listed separately in the Report on Carcinogens as reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen: • Benz[a]anthracene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[j]­ fluoranthene, benzo[a]pyrene, dibenz[a,h]acridine, dibenz[a,j] acridine, dibenz[a,h]anthracene, 7H­dibenzo[c,g]­ carbazole, dibenzo[a,h]pyrene, dibenzo[a,i]pyrene, and indeno[1,2,3­cd]pyrene were first listed in the Second Annual Report on Carcinogens (1981). • Benzo[k]fluoranthene, dibenzo[a,e]pyrene, dibenzo[a,l]pyrene, and 5­methylchrysene were first listed in the Fifth Annual Report on Carcinogens (1989). The chemical structures of the 15 listed PAHs are shown below. Evi­ dence for their carcinogenicity from studies in experimental animals is then discussed separately for each PAH. However, most of the in­ formation on mechanisms of carcinogenesis, cancer studies in hu­ mans, use, production, exposure, and regulations is common to all 15 listed PAHs and therefore is discussed for the overall class of PAHs, following the discussions of cancer studies in experimental animals. Benz[a]anthracene CAS No. 56-55-3 Also known as BA Benzo[b]fluoranthene CAS No. 205-99-2 Also known as B[b]F Benzo[j]fluoranthene CAS No. 205-82-3 Also known as B[j]F Benzo[k]fluoranthene CAS No. 207-08-9 Also known as B[k]F Benzo[a]pyrene CAS No. 50-32-8 Also known as B[a]P Dibenz[a,h]acridine CAS No. 226-36-8 Also known as DB[a,h]AC N Dibenz[a,j]acridine CAS No. 224-42-0 Also known as DB[a,j]AC N Dibenz[a,h]anthracene CAS No. 53-70-3 Also known as DB[a,h]A Table of Contents: http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/go/roc12 Page 353 Report on Carcinogens, Twelfth Edition (2011) National Toxicology Program, Department of Health and Human Services 7H-Dibenzo[c,g]carbazole CAS No. 194-59-2 Also known as 7H­DB[c,g]C NH Dibenzo[a,e]pyrene CAS No. 192-65-4 Also known as DB[a,e]P Dibenzo[a,h]pyrene CAS No. 189-64-0 Also known as DB[a,h]P Dibenzo[a,i]pyrene CAS No. 189-55-9 Also known as DB[a,i]P Dibenzo[a,l]pyrene CAS No. 191-30-0 Also known as DB[a,l]P or dibenzo[def,p]chrysene Indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene CAS No. 193-39-5 Also known as IP 5-Methylchrysene CAS No. 3697-24-3 Also known as 5­MC H3C Carcinogenicity The 15 individual PAHs are reasonably anticipated to be human car- cinogens based on sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity from stud­ ies in experimental animals. Cancer Studies in Experimental Animals Benz[a]anthracene Benz[a]anthracene caused tumors in mice at several different tissue sites and by several different routes of exposure. Benz[a]anthracene administered by stomach tube to adult mice or by subcutaneous in­ jection to newborn mice caused benign or malignant lung tumors (adenoma or adenocarcinoma). Administration by stomach tube also caused liver cancer (hepatocelluar carcinoma) in adult mice. Benz[a]­ anthracene caused tumors in mice at the site of administration: skin tumors were observed after application to the skin, cancer at the injec­ tion site (sarcoma) after subcutaneous injection, and urinary­bladder cancer (carcinoma) after implantation in the bladder (IARC 1973). Since benz[a]anthracene was listed in the Second Annual Report on Carcinogens, additional studies in mice have been identified. In newborn mice, intraperitoneal injection of benz[a]anthracene caused benign lung tumors (adenoma) in both sexes and benign or malig­ nant liver tumors (adenoma or carcinoma) in males (Levin et al. 1984, Wislocki et al. 1986, Von Tungeln et al. 1999). Benzo[b]fluoranthene Benzo[b]fluoranthene caused tumors in mice by two different routes of exposure. Dermal application of benzo[b]fluoranthene caused skin tumors, and subcutaneous injection of benzo[b]fluoranthene caused cancer at the injection site (sarcoma) (IARC 1973). Since benzo[b]­ fluoranthene was listed in the Second Annual Report on Carcinogens, additional studies in rodents have been identified. Benzo[b]fluor­ anthene caused lung cancer (carcinoma) in female rats exposed by intrapulmonary implantation (Deutsch­Wenzel et al. 1983). Intraper­ itoneal injection of benzo[b]fluoranthene caused benign lung tumors (adenoma) in male strain A/J mice (a strain with a high spontaneous incidence of lung cancer) (Ross et al. 1995, Nesnow et al. 1998) and benign or malignant liver tumors (hepatocellular adenoma or carci­ noma) in newborn male mice (Lavoie et al. 1987). Report on Carcinogens, Twelfth Edition (2011) National Toxicology Program, Department of Health and Human Services Benzo[j]fluoranthene Dermal exposure to benzo[j]fluoranthene caused benign or malignant skin tumors (papilloma or carcinoma) in female mice (IARC 1973). Since benzo[j]fluoranthene was listed in the Second Annual Report on Carcinogens, additional studies in rodents have been identified. In­ trapulmonary injection of benzo[j]fluoranthene caused lung cancer (squamous­cell carcinoma) in female rats (IARC 1983). In newborn mice, intraperitoneal injection of benzo[j]fluoranthene caused benign and malignant lung tumors (alveolar/bronchiolar adenoma and car­ cinoma) in both sexes and benign or malignant liver tumors (hepato­ cellular adenoma or carcinoma) in males (Lavoie et al. 1987, 1994). Benzo[k]fluoranthene Benzo[k]fluoranthene caused tumors in two rodent species, at two different tissue sites, and by two different routes of exposure. Intra­ pulmonary injection of benzo[k]fluoranthene caused lung cancer (squamous­cell carcinoma) in female rats, and subcutaneous injec­ tion of benzo[k] fluoranthene caused cancer at the injection site (sar­ coma) in mice of both sexes (IARC 1983). Benzo[a]pyrene Benzo[a]pyrene caused tumors in eight species, including nonhu­ man primates, at several different tissue sites, and by several different routes of exposure. Benzo[a]pyrene had both local and systemic car­ cinogenic effects and caused tumors after a single dose, after prenatal exposure, and in newborn mice. Benzo[a]pyrene caused lung tumors (1) in mice after dietary exposure, prenatal exposure, or subcutane­ ous or intravenous injection, (2) in rats after administration in the tra­ chea or the bronchus, and (3) in hamsters and nonhuman primates after intratracheal instillation (Andervont and Shimkin 1940, IARC 1973). Oral administration (in the diet or drinking water or by stom­ ach tube) also caused forestomach and esophageal tumors in mice and hamsters, intestinal tumors in hamsters, and mammary­gland tumors in female rats (Horie et al. 1965, IARC 1973). Mammary­ gland tumors in rats were also observed after intravenous injection. Benzo[a]pyrene caused skin tumors in prenatally exposed mice and in dermally exposed mice, rats, and rabbits. Cancer at the injection site (sarcoma or fibrosarcoma) was observed in mice, rats, hamsters, guinea pigs, newts, monkeys, and nonhuman primates exposed by subcutaneous injection and in mice exposed by intraperitoneal in­ jection (IARC 1973). Since benzo[a]pyrene was listed in the Second Annual Report on Carcinogens, numerous additional studies in experimental animals have been identified. These studies reported that benzo[a] pyrene caused tumors (1) by additional routes of exposure (including in­ halation and other types of injections), (2) in additional species of experimental animals (including fish), and (3) at several additional tis­ sue sites. In studies published since the early 1980s, benzo[a] pyrene caused tumors at the following tissue sites: • The upper respiratory system (mainly the nose and larynx) and upper digestive system (mainly the pharynx, but also the forestomach and esophagus) in male hamsters exposed by inhalation (Thyssen et al. 1981). • Lymphoma in mice exposed by intraperitoneal injection (IARC 2010) or intracolonic injection (Toth 1980, Anderson et al. 1983) and in transgenic male and female mice following oral exposure (de Vries et al. 1997, Kroese et al. 1997). • The liver in male mice exposed prenatally (Anderson et al. 1995) or by intraperitoneal injection (Wislocki et al. 1986, Lavoie et al. 1987, Rodriguez et al. 1997, Von Tungeln et al. 1999) and in fish following dietary exposure (Hendricks et al. 1985, Hawkins et al. 1988), intraperitoneal injection (Hendricks et al. 1985), or injection into the fish embryo (transchorionic injection) (Black et al. 1988). • The tongue and larynx (papilloma or carcinoma) in female mice following dietary exposure (Culp et al. 1998, Goldstein et al. 1998). • The anus in mice of both sexes exposed by intracolonic injection (Toth 1980). • The cervix in female mice exposed by intravaginal injection (Näslund et al. 1987). Other studies (not described here) confirmed the earlier findings or found that benzo[a]pyrene caused tumors at similar tissue sites in additional species or by additional routes of exposure. Lung tumors were observed following exposure by (1) intratracheal or intrabron­ chial instillation in female mice (Kim and Lee 1996) and in rabbits of both sexes (Hirao et al. 1980), (2) intracolonic injection in female mice (Anderson et al. 1983), (3) intrafetal administration in mice of both sexes (Rossi et al. 1983), and (4) intrapulmonary injection in rats (Deutsch­Wenzel 1983, Wenzel­Hartung 1990). Intracolonic in­ jection of benzo[a]pyrene in mice also caused tumors at tissue sites where it had previously been shown to cause tumors by other routes of exposure: the forestomach, esophagus, mammary gland, and skin (Toth 1980, Anderson et al. 1983). Benzo[a]pyrene caused forestom­ ach tumors in mice exposed by intraperitoneal injection (Weyand et al. 1995), mammary­gland tumors in rats exposed by intramam­ mary injection (Cavalieri et al. 1988, 1991), and sarcoma in mice ex­ posed by intraperitoneal injection. Benzo[a]pyrene implanted in the buccal cavity caused intestinal tumors in rats (Solt et al. 1987), and a single intraperitoneal injection of benzo[a]pyrene caused abdom­ inal tumors (mesothelioma and sarcoma) in rats (Roller et al. 1992). Dibenz[a,h]acridine Dibenz[a,h]acridine caused tumors in mice at several different tis­ sue sites and by several different routes of exposure. Subcutaneous or intravenous injection of dibenz[a,h]acridine caused lung tumors; subcutaneous injection also caused cancer at the injection site (sar­ coma), and dermal exposure caused skin tumors (IARC 1973). Since dibenz[a,h] acridine was listed in the Second Annual Report on Carcin- ogens, one study in rats has been identified. Intrapulmonary implan­ tation of pellets containing dibenz[a,h]acridine caused lung cancer (carcinoma) in female rats (Deutsch­Wenzel 1983). Dibenz[a,j]acridine Dibenz[a,j]acridine caused tumors in mice at several different tissue sites and by two different routes of exposure. Dermal exposure to dibenz[a,j] acridine in mice caused benign or malignant skin tumors (papilloma, carcinoma, or epithelioma). Subcutaneous injection of dibenz[a,j]acridine caused cancer at the injection site (sarcoma) in all mouse strains tested and lung tumors in strain A mice (a strain with a high spontaneous incidence of lung cancer) (IARC 1973). Dibenz[a,h]anthracene Dibenz[a,h]anthracene caused tumors in several species of experi­ mental animals, at several different tissue sites, and by several dif­ ferent routes of administration. Dibenz[a,h]anthracene caused lung tumors in mice after a single intravenous or subcutaneous injec­ tion (IARC 1973), in newborn mice after intraperitoneal injection (Buening et al. 1979), and in hamsters after intratracheal instillation (Pott et al. 1978, as cited in IARC 2010). In mice, oral exposure to dibenz[a,h]anthracene caused cancer of the lung (adenomatosis or alveologenic carcinoma) and mammary gland (carcinoma), benign or malignant tumors of the forestomach (squamous­cell papilloma or carcinoma), and tumors of the blood vessels (hemangioendothe­ Report on Carcinogens, Twelfth Edition (2011) National Toxicology Program, Department of Health and Human Services lioma) (IARC 1973). Exposure to dibenz[a,h]anthracene by injection or dermal application also caused local tumors: (1) cancer at the in­ jection site (sarcoma) in rats, guinea pigs, and adult and newborn mice exposed by subcutaneous injection and in pigeons and fowl exposed by intramuscular injection, (2) kidney cancer (adenocarci­ noma) in frogs exposed by injection into the kidneys, and (3) benign or malignant skin tumors (papilloma or carcinoma) in mice exposed dermally (IARC 1973). Since dibenz[a,h]anthracene was listed in the Second Annual Re- port on Carcinogens, additional studies in rodents have been identified. Lung tumors were observed following administration of dibenz[a,h]­ anthracene by intraperitoneal injection in male strain A/J mice (in­ creased tumor incidence and number of tumors per animal) (Ross et al. 1995, Nesnow et al. 1996, 1998) and by intrapulmonary implan­ tation in female rats (Wenzel­Hartung et al. 1990). Intraperitoneal injection of dibenz[a,h]anthracene also caused benign and malig­ nant liver tumors (adenoma and carcinoma) in newborn male mice (Fu et al. 1998). 7H-Dibenzo[c,g]carbazole 7H­Dibenzo[c,g]carbazole caused tumors in several species of ex­ perimental animals, at several different tissue sites, and by several different routes of exposure. Administration of 7H­dibenzo[c,g]­ carbazole by stomach tube caused benign and malignant tumors of the liver (hepatocellular adenoma and carcinoma) and forestomach (papilloma and carcinoma) in mice. Administration by intravenous injection or subcutaneous injection caused lung tumors in mice, and administration by intratracheal instillation caused respiratory­system cancer (squamous­cell adenocarcinoma and carcinoma of the bron­ chus, trachea, and larynx) in hamsters. In mice and rats, administra­ tion by subcutaneous injection also caused cancer at the injection site (sarcoma), and dermal application caused benign and malig­ nant skin tumors (papilloma and carcinoma). In a dog, injection of 7H­dibenzo[c,g]carbazole into the urinary bladder (intravesicular in­ jection) caused benign and malignant urinary­bladder tumors (tran­ sitional­cell papilloma and carcinoma) (IARC 1973). Since 7H­dibenzo[c,g]carbazole was listed in the Second Annual Report on Carcinogens, additional studies in mice have been iden­ tified, in which additional routes of exposure to 7H­dibenzo[c,g]­ carbazole were reported to cause liver, skin, and lung tumors. Dermal exposure or subcutaneous injection caused benign or malignant liver tumors (hepatocellular adenoma or carcinoma) (Warshawsky et al. 1994, Mitchell and Warshawsky 1999, Taras­Valero et al. 2000), and subcutaneous injection also caused skin tumors (Taras­Valero et al. 2000). In male strain A/J mice, a single intraperitoneal injection of 7H­dibenzo[c,g]carbazole caused benign lung tumors (adenoma) (Warshawsky et al. 1996, Gray et al. 2001). Dibenzo[a,e]pyrene Dibenzo[a,e]pyrene caused tumors in mice at two different tissue sites and by two different routes of exposure. Dermal exposure to dibenzo[a,e]pyrene caused benign and malignant skin tumors (car­ cinoma, epithelioma, and papilloma) in females, and subcutaneous injection of dibenzo[a,e] pyrene caused cancer at the injection site (sarcoma) in both sexes (IARC 1973). Dibenzo[a,h]pyrene Dibenzo[a,h]pyrene caused tumors in two rodent species, at two dif­ ferent tissue sites, and by several different routes of administration. Dermal exposure to dibenzo[a,h]pyrene caused benign and malig­ nant skin tumors (papilloma, sebaceous­gland adenoma, epithelioma, and carcinoma) in mice of both sexes (IARC 1973). Cancer at the site of administration (sarcoma) was observed in mice of both sexes fol­ lowing subcutaneous injection of dibenzo[a,h]pyrene and in female rats following subcutaneous implantation of paraffin disks contain­ ing dibenzo[a,h]pyrene (IARC 1973, Bahna et al. 1979). Since dibenzo[a,h]pyrene was listed in the Second Annual Report on Carcinogens, additional studies in rodents have been identified. Intraperitoneal injection of newborn mice with dibenzo[a,h]pyrene caused lung tumors in both sexes and liver tumors in males (Chang et al. 1982). In female rats, intramammary injection of dibenzo[a,h]­ pyrene caused cancer of the mammary gland (fibrosarcoma or adeno­ carcinoma) (Cavalieri et al. 1989), and subcutaneous injection caused cancer at the injection site (sarcoma) (Bahna et al. 1979). Dibenzo[a,i]pyrene Dibenzo[a,i]pyrene caused tumors in two rodent species, at two dif­ ferent tissue sites, and by several different routes of administration. Dermal exposure to dibenzo[a,h]pyrene caused benign or malignant skin tumors (papilloma or epithelioma) in mice, and subcutaneous injection caused cancer at the injection site (sarcoma) in mice and hamsters (IARC 1973). Since dibenzo[a,i]pyrene was listed in the Second Annual Report on Carcinogens, additional studies in rodents have been identified. Intraperitoneal injection of newborn mice with dibenzo[a,i]pyrene caused lung tumors in both sexes and liver tumors in males (Chang et al. 1982), and intratracheal instillation caused respiratory­system cancer (mostly squamous­cell carcinoma, but also adenocarcinoma and anaplastic carcinoma) in hamsters of both sexes (Sellakumar and Shubik 1974, Stenbäck and Sellakumar 1974). Dibenzo[a,i]­ pyrene administered by intramammary injection caused cancer of the mammary gland (fibrosarcoma and adenocarcinoma) in female rats (Cavalieri et al. 1989). Dibenzo[a,l]pyrene Dibenzo[a,l]pyrene caused tumors in mice at two different tissue sites and by two different routes of exposure. Subcutaneous injection of dibenzo[a,l]pyrene caused cancer at the injection site (sarcoma) in mice of both sexes (IARC 1973), and dermal exposure caused skin tumors in female mice (IARC 1983). Since dibenzo[a,l]pyrene was listed in the Fifth Annual Report on Carcinogens, additional studies in experimental animals have been identified, which reported that dibenzo[a,l]pyrene caused tumors (1) by additional routes of exposure (oral, prenatal, and intraperi­ toneal injection), (2) in additional species of experimental animals (rats, hamsters, and fish), and (3) at additional tissue sites, includ­ ing sites distant from the route of administration. Administration of dibenzo[a,l]pyrene by stomach tube to female mice caused ovarian tumors (predominately granulosa) (Buters et al. 2002). Dietary ad­ ministration of dibenzo[a,l]pyrene to fish caused benign or malignant liver tumors (hepatocellular adenoma or carcinoma or cholangio­ cellular adenoma) and benign tumors of the stomach (papillary ade­ noma) and swim bladder (papillary adenoma) (Reddy et al. 1999a,b). Intraperitoneal injection of dibenzo[a,l]pyrene caused lung tumors in strain A/J mice (Prahalad et al. 1997). Lung and liver tumors were observed in prenatally exposed mice (Yu et al. 2006) and in new­ born mice exposed by intraperitoneal injection (Platt et al. 2004); lung tumors occurred in both sexes, and liver tumors in males. In addition, prenatal exposure to dibenzo[a,l]pyrene caused T­cell lym­ phoblastic lymphoma in mice of both sexes (Yu et al. 2006). Local tumors also were observed in rats and hamsters: intramammary in­ jection of dibenzo[a,l]pyrene caused mammary­gland cancer (ade­ nocarcinoma or fibrosarcoma) in female rats (Cavalieri et al. 1989, 1991), and application of dibenzo[a,l]pyrene directly to the tongue Report on Carcinogens, Twelfth Edition (2011) National Toxicology Program, Department of Health and Human Services caused cancer of the oral cavity (squamous­cell carcinoma) in female hamsters (Schwartz et al. 2004). Indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene Indeno[1,2,3­cd]pyrene caused tumors in mice at two different tis­ sue sites and by two different routes of exposure. Dermal exposure to indeno[1,2,3­cd] pyrene caused benign and malignant skin tumors (papilloma and carcinoma) in females, and subcutaneous injection caused cancer at the injection site (sarcoma) in males (IARC 1973). Since indeno[1,2,3­cd]pyrene was listed in the Second Annual Report on Carcinogens, an additional study in rodents has been identified. In­ trapulmonary administration of indeno[1,2,3­cd]pyrene caused lung cancer (carcinoma) in female rats (Deutsch­Wenzel 1983). 5-Methylchrysene 5­Methylchrysene caused tumors in mice at two different tissue sites and by two different routes of exposure. Dermal exposure to 5­methyl chrysene caused skin cancer (carcinoma) in females, and subcutaneous injection caused cancer at the injection site (sarcoma) in males (IARC 1983). Since 5­methylchrysene was listed in the Fifth Annual Report on Carcinogens, additional studies in mice have been identified. Intraperitoneal injection of 5­methylchrysene caused lung tumors in male strain A mice (Ross et al. 1995, Nesnow et al. 1998) and lung and liver tumors in newborn mice of both sexes (Hecht et al. 1985, el­Bayoumy et al. 1989). Studies on Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis Most PAHs with potential biological activity range in size from two to six fused aromatic rings (IARC 2010). Because of the vast range in molecular weight of PAHs, several of the physicochemical proper­ ties that are critical to their biological activity also vary greatly. Five properties in particular have a decisive influence on the biological ac­ tivity of PAHs: their vapor pressure, their adsorption on surfaces of solid carrier particles, their absorption into liquid carriers, their lipid­ aqueous partition coefficient in tissues, and their limits of solubility in the lipid and aqueous phases of tissues. These properties are inti­ mately linked with the metabolic activation of the most toxic PAHs, and an understanding of the nature of this interaction helps in the understanding of their deposition and disposition. It has been pro­ posed that PAHs share a similar mechanism of carcinogenic action. In general, PAHs are converted to oxides and dihydrodiols, which in turn are oxidized to diol epoxides. Both oxides and diol epoxides are ultimate DNA­reactive metabolites. PAH oxides can form stable DNA adducts, and diol epoxides can form stable and depurinating adducts with DNA through formation of electrophilic carbonium ions. Most of the 15 listed PAHs have been shown to be initiators of skin cancer (IARC 1983, 2010). The International Agency for Research on Cancer concluded that benzo[a]pyrene was carcinogenic to humans based on data on the mechanism of carcinogenicity (IARC 2010). Cancer Studies in Humans No epidemiological studies on exposure to the individual PAHs were identified. Individual PAHs are found in the environment not in iso­ lation but as components of highly complex mixtures of chemicals. PAHs are very widespread environmental contaminants, because they are formed during incomplete combustion of materials such as coal, oil, gas, wood, or garbage or during pyrolysis of other organic ma­ terial, such as tobacco or charbroiled meat. Data on the carcinoge­ nicity of PAHs in humans are available only for mixtures containing PAHs. It is difficult to ascertain the carcinogenicity of the component PAHs in these mixtures because of potential chemical interactions and the presence of other carcinogenic substances in the mixtures. In 2005, IARC reevaluated PAHs. Although certain occupations with high PAH exposure (e.g., coal gasification and coke production) were classified as carcinogenic in humans, the roles of individual PAHs could not be defined (IARC 2010). Properties Three of the listed PAHs (dibenz[a,h]acridine, dibenz[a,j]acridine, and 7H­dibenzo[c,g]carbazole) contain a nitrogen atom as part of a ring and therefore are classified as heterocyclic PAHs. The PAHs can exist as leaflets, plates, needles, or at room temperature and range in color from colorless to yellow, green or blue. All PAHs are soluble in water and slightly soluble in ethanol, acetone or acid; most are solu­ ble in benzene. Physical and chemical properties of the 15 PAHs are listed in the table below. In addition to the properties listed in the ta­ ble, benzo[a]pyrene has a specific gravity of 1.351 and a vapor den­ sity relative to air of 8.7, and dibenzo[a,h]anthracene has a specific gravity of 1.282 (HSDB 2009). Use IARC (1983) reported that no commercial uses or applications were known for dibenzo[a,h]pyrene, dibenzo[a,i]pyrene, and 5­meth­ ylchrysene. The remaining twelve listed PAHs are used only in bio­ chemical, biomedical, laboratory, or cancer research (HSDB 2009). At least five of the listed PAHs are present in coal tar, which is used as a fuel in the steel industry in open­hearth and blast furnaces (HSDB 2009). Coal tar is also used in the clinical treatment of skin disorders such as eczema, dermatitis, and psoriasis. Coal tar is distilled to pro­ duce a variety of products, including coal­tar pitch and creosote. At least two of the listed PAHs are present in coal­tar pitch, which is used primarily as a binder for aluminum smelting electrodes in the aluminum reduction process. Coal­tar pitch is also used in roofing, in surface coatings, for pitch­coke production, and for a variety of other applications (IARC 1985). At least two of the listed PAHs are found in creosote, which is used to preserve railroad ties, marine pilings, and telephone poles. Some creosote is used for fuel by steel producers (NIOSH 1977). At least three of the listed PAHs are pres­ ent in bitumens and asphalt, which are used for paving roads, sound­ and water­proofing, and coating pipes. Production PAHs are not produced for commercial use in the United States (IARC 1983, HSDB 2009). Production data for tar, tar pitch, cre­ osote, mineral oils, and coke, which contain various PAHs, are in­ cluded in their respective profiles in the Report on Carcinogens (see Coal Tars and Coal­Tar Pitches, Coke­Oven Emissions, and Mineral Oils: Untreated and Mildly Treated). Exposure PAHs are ubiquitous in the environment, and the general population is exposed to measurable background levels (IPCS 1998). Sources of PAHs in ambient air (both outdoors and indoors) include forest fires, volcanoes, industrial emissions, residential and commercial heating with wood, coal, or other biomass fuels (oil and gas heating pro­ duce much lower quantities of PAHs), motor­vehicle exhaust (espe­ cially diesel), and other indoor sources such as cooking and tobacco smoke (IARC 1983, IPCS 1998). Food is a major source of exposure to PAHs for the general population (IPCS 1998). Skin contact with PAH­contaminated soils and the use of dermally applied pharmaceu­ tical products based on coal tar also have been identified as sources of exposure for the general population (Jongen eelen et al. 1985, Viau and Vyskocil 1995, IPCS 1998, Jongeneelen 2001). Report on Carcinogens, Twelfth Edition (2011) National Toxicology Program, Department of Health and Human Services According to the U.S. Environmental Proection Agency’s Toxics Release Inventory, industrial releases of PAHs to the environment peaked in 2000, when over 4.9 million pounds was released, mostly to on­site and off­site landfills and to air. Releases have been relatively stable at a lower level since 2002. In 2008, 1,192 facilities released over 1.2 million pounds of PAHs to air, water, or on­ or off­site land­ fills (mostly to air or landfills) (TRI 2010). In the past, benzo[a]pyrene often was used as a marker for mea­ suring exposure to PAHs. However, it is now possible or even com­ mon to measure many PAHs individually. Mean concentrations of individual PAHs in ambient urban air usually range from 1 to 30 ng/m3 (IPCS 1998). The concentrations of PAHs in the air during winter, when residential heating is a major source, generally are at least an order of magnitude higher than those in summer (IPCS 1998). Areas near sources such as motor­vehicle traffic also have higher air concentrations of PAHs. For individuals who smoke, mainstream tobacco smoke is a major source of exposure to PAHs. Concentra­ tions of total PAHs in mainstream smoke ranged from 1 to 1.6 μg/ cigarette. Sidestream smoke is a major source of PAHs in indoor air. Concentrations of benzo[a]pyrene in sidestream smoke ranged from 52 to 95 ng/cigarette — more than three times the concentration in mainstream smoke. PAHs in water may originate from surface runoff (e.g., from the erosion of asphalt pavement or from air deposition of smaller par­ ticles) (IPCS 1998). Industrial effluents also can contribute to PAH concentrations in surface waters. However, concentrations of PAHs in water usually are very low, because of their low solubility. Surface­ water concentrations typically do not exceed 50 ng/L; higher concen­ trations are found in more contaminated areas. PAH concentrations are higher in rainwater than in surface waters (100 to 200 ng/L, with some samples exceeding 1,000 ng/L). Because PAHs have very high octanol­water partition coefficients (log Kow), they bind tightly to soil particles and are relatively immobile in soil; therefore, concen­ trations in groundwater and drinking water typically are very low (0.02 to 1.8 ng/L), and concentrations of PAHs in sediment may be very high, ranging up to several thousand micrograms per kilogram. Estimates of daily PAH intake from food vary widely, ranging from a few nanograms to a few micrograms per person. Sources of PAHs in the diet include barbecued, grilled, broiled, and smoke­cured meats; roasted, baked, and fried foods (prepared by high­temperature pro­ cessing); breads, cereals, and grains (at least in part from gas or flame drying of grains); and vegetables grown in contaminated soil or with surface contamination from atmospheric deposition of PAHs (IARC 1983, IPCS 1998, JECFA 2005). The Joint United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization–World Health Organization Expert Com­ mittee on Food Additives and Contaminants determined a represen­ tative mean daily human intake of benzo[a]pyrene to be 4 ng/kg of body weight and a high­end daily human intake of total PAHs to be 10 ng/kg (JECFA 2005). Among common foods, the highest PAH lev­ els were found in grilled or barbecued steak, chicken with skin and bones, and hamburgers, especially when “well done” or “very well done” (Larsson et al. 1983, Lijinsky 1991, Lodovici et al. 1995, Ka­ zerouni et al. 2001). Because PAHs form on or near the surface of meat, rather than in the interior, foods that are cooked to the same degree without being exposed to flames do not show significant lev­ els of PAHs. However, a study of PAHs in the Italian diet indicated a total PAH concentration of about 4 ng/g in fried beef (Lodovici et al. 1995) and benzo[a]pyrene concentrations of up to about 4 ng/g in well­done grilled meat. PAHs are also introduced by certain methods of preserving meat and other food products (Lijinsky 1991). In foods smoked in traditional smoking kilns, the average concentration was 1.2 μg/kg for benzo[a]pyrene and 9 μg/kg for total PAHs, compared with 0.1 μg/kg for benzo[a]pyrene and 4.5 μg/kg for total PAHs in foods treated in a modern kiln (Guillen 1994). Accumulation of PAHs in foods of animal origin, especially live­ stock, is due mainly to the consumption of contaminated feed (Ra­ mesh et al. 2004). Unprocessed foods such as vegetables, fruits, vegetable oils, dairy products, and seafood can be contaminated with PAHs by deposition of particles and vapors from the atmosphere and uptake from soil, water, and sediment (Roth et al. 1998, Ramesh et al. 2004). PAH levels are low in cereals and beans, but drying tech­ niques used for preservation, such as combustion gas heating and smoking, increase concentrations of PAHs in these foods. Eggs and dairy products such as cheese, milk, and butter contain low levels of PAHs. Consumption of seafood, especially bottom­feeding shellfish and finfish, may contribute considerably to the amount of PAHs in the diet. Species near the top of the food chain, such as humans, do not bioaccumulate PAHs, because of their higher capacity to metab­ olize PAHs (Ramesh et al. 2004). A specific urinary metabolite of pyrene, 1­hydroxypyrene, has been suggested as a biomarker of human exposure to PAHs (Jonge­ neelen et al. 1985, Jongeneelen 2001). In representative samples from the general population, 1­hydroxypyrene has been detected in the urine of nearly all individuals, at median concentrations typically less than 0.1 μmol/mol of creatinine (Huang et al. 2004). The Na­ tional Health and Nutrition Examination Survey analysis of 2,312 urine samples collected from the U.S. general population in 1999 to 2000 found a geometric mean concentration of 1­hydroxypyrene of 0.039 μmol/mol of creatinine (95% CI = 0.034 to 0.046 μmol/mol). The level for adult smokers was three times that for nonsmokers (geo­ metric mean = 0.080 vs. 0.025 μmol/mol). These data are comparable with other recent data on non­occupationally exposed populations in Europe and Canada. Occupational exposure to PAHs is primarily through inhalation and dermal contact. Industrial processes that involve the pyrolysis or combustion of coal and the production and use of coal­derived products, including coal tar and coal­tar­derived products, are major sources of occupational exposure to PAHs. Workers in coal­tar pro­ duction plants, coking plants, bitumen and asphalt production plants, coal­gasification sites, smoke houses, aluminum­production plants, coal­tarring facilities, and municipal trash incinerators are exposed to PAHs. Exposure may also result from inhaling engine exhaust and using products that contain PAHs in a variety of other industries, such as mining, oil refining, metalworking, chemical production, trans­ portation, and the electrical industry (Vanrooij et al. 1992). Studies in Germany measured concentrations of PAHs in the breathing zone of chimney sweeps during so­called “black work”; the PAHs in the air samples varied depending on the type of fuel burned (oil, oil/solid, or solid) (Knecht et al. 1989). Specific occupational exposure to coal tar, coal­tar pitch, creosote, mineral oils, and coke that contain var­ ious PAHs is described in the profiles for these substances (see Coal Tars and Coal­Tar Pitches, Coke Oven Emissions, and Mineral Oils). Concentrations of PAHs in coal­tar products may range from less than 1% to 70% or more (ATSDR 2002). Occupational exposure can lead to PAH body burdens among exposed workers that are consid­ erably higher than those in the general population. There is growing awareness that uptake of PAHs through the skin is substantial (Jon­ geneelen 2001). Dermal uptake has been shown to contribute to the internal exposure of workers to PAHs; a study in the creosote indus­ try found that the total internal dose of PAHs did not necessarily correlate with inhalation­exposure levels alone, and that dermal ex­ posure contributed significantly (Vanrooij et al. 1992). Report on Carcinogens, Twelfth Edition (2011) National Toxicology Program, Department of Health and Human Services Regulations Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Clean Air Act Mobile Source Air Toxics: Polycyclic organic matter is listed as a mobile source air toxic for which regulations are to be developed.National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Polycyclic organic matter is listed as a hazardous air pollutant.Urban Air Toxics Strategy: Polycyclic organic matter is identified as one of 33 hazardous air pollutants that present the greatest threat to public health in urban areas. Clean Water Act Effluent Guidelines: Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons are listed as toxic pollutants.Water Quality Criteria: Based on fish or shellfish and water consumption = 0.0038 μg/L for benz[a]­anthracene, benzo[a]pyrene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, dibenzo[a,h]­anthracene, and indeno[1,2,3,­cd]pyrene); based on fish or shellfish consumption only = 0.018 μg/L for benz[a]anthracene, benzo[a]pyrene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[k]­fluoranthene, dibenzo[a,h]anthracene, and indeno[1,2,3­cd]pyrene. Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act Reportable quantity (RQ) = ranges from 1 lb to 5,000 lb for the various PAHs. Emergency Planning and Community Right-To-Know Act Toxics Release Inventory: All 15 PAHs are listed substances subject to reporting requirements. Resource Conservation and Recovery Act Listed Hazardous Waste: Waste codes for which the listing is based wholly or partly on the presence of specific PAHs = U018, U022, U063, U064, U137.Numerous specific PAHs are listed as hazardous constituents of waste. Safe Drinking Water Act Maximum contaminant level = 0.0002 mg/L for benzo[a]pyrene. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Maximum permissible level in bottled water = 0.0002 mg/L for benzo[a]pyrene.Limits on PAH levels in various color additives are prescribed in 21 CFR 74 and 178. Guidelines American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold limit value – time­weighted average (TLV­TWA) = exposure by all routes should be as low as possible for benz[a]anthracene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, and benzo[a]pyrene. References Anderson LM, Priest LJ, Deschner EE, Budinger JM. 1983. Carcinogenic effects of intracolonic benzo[a]pyrene in beta­naphthoflavone­induced mice. Cancer Lett 20(2): 117­123. Anderson LM, Ruskie S, Carter J, Pittinger S, Kovatch RM, Riggs CW. 1995. Fetal mouse susceptibility to transplacental carcinogenesis: differential influence of Ah receptor phenotype on effects of 3­methylchol­anthrene, 12­dimethylbenz[a]anthracene, and benzo[a]pyrene. Pharmacogenetics 5(6): 364­372. Andervont HB, Shimkin MB. 1940. Biological testing of carcinogens. II. Pulmonary­tumor­induction technique. J Natl Cancer Inst 1: 225­239. ATSDR. 2002. Toxicological Profile for Wood Creosote, Coal Tar Creosote, Coal Tar, Coal Tar Pitch, and Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp85.pdf. Bahna L, Podany V, Benesova M, Godal A, Dufour M, Jacquignon P, Vachalkova A. 1979. Carcinogenicity and polarographic­behavior of dibenzo[a,h]­pyrene,4,11­diazadibenzo[a,h]pyrene and 7,14­diazadibenzo[a,h]­pyrene. Neoplasma 26(1): 23­28. Black JJ, Maccubbin AE, Johnston CJ. 1988. Carcinogenicity of benzo[a]pyrene in rainbow­trout resulting from embryo microinjection. Aquat Toxicol 13(4): 297­308. Buening MK, Levin W, Wood AW, Chang RL, Yagi H, Karle JM, Jerina DM, Conney AH. 1979. Tumorigenicity of the dihydrodiols of dibenzo[a,h]anthracene on mouse skin and in newborn mice. Cancer Res 39(4): 1310­1314. Buters JTM, Mahadevan B, Quintanilla­Martinez L, Gonzalez FJ, Greim H, Baird WM, Luch A. 2002. Cyto­chrome p450 1B1 determines susceptibility to dibenzo[a,l]pyrene­induced tumor formation. Chem Res Toxicol 15(9): 1127­1135. Cavalieri E, Rogan E, Sinha D. 1988. Carcinogenicity of aromatic hydrocarbons directly applied to rat mammary gland. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 114(1): 3­9. Cavalieri EL, Rogan EG, Higginbotham S, Cremonesi P, Salmasi S. 1989. Tumor­initiating activity in mouse skin and carcinogenicity in rat mammary­gland of dibenzo[a]pyrenes—the very potent environmental carcinogen dibenzo[a,l]pyrene. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 115(1): 67­72. Cavalieri EL, Higginbotham S, Ramakrishna NVS, Devanesan PD, Todorovic R, Rogan EG, Salmasi S. 1991. Comparative dose­response tumorigenicity studies of dibenzo[a,l]pyrene versus 7,12­dimethylbenz[a]­anthracene, benzo[a]pyrene and 2 dibenzo[a,l]pyrene dihydrodiols in mouse skin and rat mammary­gland. Carcinogenesis 12(10): 1939­1944. Chang RL, Levin W, Wood AW, Lehr RE, Kumar S, Yagi H, Jerina DM, Conney AH. 1982. Tumorigenicity of bay­region diol­epoxides and other benzo­ring derivatives of dibenzo[a,h]pyrene and dibenzo[a,i]pyrene on mouse skin and in newborn mice. Cancer Res 42(1): 25­29. ChemIDplus. 2009. ChemIDplus Advanced. National Library of Medicine. http://chem.sis.nlm.nih.gov/ chemidplus/chemidheavy.jsp and select Registry Number and search on CAS number. Last accessed: 10/7/09. Culp SJ, Gaylor DW, Sheldon WG, Goldstein LS, Beland FA. 1998. A comparison of the tumors induced by coal tar and benzo[a]pyrene in a 2­year bioassay. Carcinogenesis 19(1): 117­124. De Vries A, van Oostrom CT, Dortant PM, Beems RB, van Kreijl CF, Capel PJ, van Steeg H. 1997. Spontaneous liver tumors and benzo[a]pyrene­induced lymphomas in XPA­deficient mice. Mol Carcinog 19(1): 46­53. Deutsch­Wenzel RP, Brune H, Grimmer G, Dettbarn G, Misfeld J. 1983. Experimental studies in rat lungs on the carcinogenicity and dose­response relationships of eight frequently occurring environmental polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. J Natl Cancer Inst 71(3): 539­544. El­Bayoumy K, Shiue GH, Amin S, Hecht SS. 1989. The effects of bay­region methyl substitution on 6­nitrochrysene mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium and tumorigenicity in newborn mice. Carcinogenesis 10(9): 1685­1689. Fu PP, Von Tungeln LS, Chiu LH, Zhan DJ, Deck J, Bucci T, Wang JC. 1998. Structure, tumorigenicity, micro­ somal metabolism, and DNA binding of 7­nitrodibenz[a,h]anthracene. Chem Res Toxicol 11(8): 937­945. Goldstein LS, Weyand EH, Safe S, Steinberg M, Culp SJ, Gaylor DW, Beland FA, Rodriguez LV. 1998. Tumors and DNA adducts in mice exposed to benzo[a]pyrene and coal tars: implications for risk assessment. Environ Health Perspect 106: 1325­1330. Gray DL, Warshawsky D, Xue WL, Nines R, Wang Y, Yao RS, Stoner GD. 2001. The effects of a binary mixture of benzo[a]pyrene and 7H­dibenzo[c,g]carbazole on lung tumors and K­ras oncogene mutations in strain A/J mice. Exp Lung Res 27(3): 245­253. Guillen MD. 1994. Polycyclic aromatic compounds: extraction and determination in food. Food Addit Contam 11(6): 669­684. Hawkins WE, Walker WW, Overstreet RM, Lytle TF, Lytle JS. 1988. Dose­related carcinogenic effects of water­ borne benzo[a]pyrene on livers of 2 small fish species. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 16(3): 219­231. Hecht SS, Radok L, Amin S, Huie K, Melikian AA, Hoffmann D, Pataki J, Harvey RG. 1985. Tumorigenicity of 5­methylchrysene dihydrodiols and dihydrodiol epoxides in newborn mice and on mouse skin. Cancer Res 45(4): 1449­1452. Hendricks JD, Meyers TR, Shelton DW, Casteel JL, Bailey GS. 1985. Hepatocarcinogenicity of benzo[a]pyrene to rainbow­trout by dietary exposure and intraperitoneal injection. J Natl Cancer Inst 74(4): 839­851. Hirao F, Nishikawa H, Yoshimoto T, Sakatani M, Namba M, Ogura T, Yamamura Y. 1980. Production of lung­ cancer and amyloidosis in rabbits by intrabronchial instillation of benzo[a]pyrene. Gann 71(2): 197­205. Horie A, Hohchi S, Kuratsune M. 1965. Carcinogenesis in the esophagus. II. Experimental production of esophageal cancer by administration of ethanolic solution of carcinogens. Gann 56(5): 429­441. HSDB. 2009. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. National Library of Medicine. http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/ cgi­bin/sis/htmlgen?HSDB and search on CAS number. Last accessed: 10/7/09. Huang WL, Grainger J, Patterson DG, Turner WE, Caudill SP, Needham LL, Pirkle JL, Sampson EJ. 2004. Comparison of 1­hydroxypyrene exposure in the US population with that in occupational exposure studies. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 77(7): 491­498. IARC. 1973. Some Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Heterocyclic Compounds. IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans, vol. 3. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. 271 pp. IARC. 1983. Polynuclear Aromatic Compounds, Part 1. Chemical, Environmental and Experimental Data. IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans, vol. 32. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. 477 pp. IARC. 1985. Polynuclear Aromatic Compounds, Part 4: Bitumens, Coal-tars and Derived Products, Shale-oils and Soots. IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans, vol. 35. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. 271 pp. IARC. 2010. Some Non-heterocyclic Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Some Related Exposures. IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans, vol. 92. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. 853 pp. IPCS. 1998. Environmental Health Criteria No. 202. Selected Non-Heterocyclic Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. International Programme on Chemical Safety. http://www.inchem.org/documents/ehc/ehc/ehc202.htm. JECFA. 2005. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. In Evaluation of Certain Food Contaminants. 64th Report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. World Health Organization. http://whqlibdoc. who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_930_eng.pdf. pp. 61­79. Jongeneelen FJ, Leijdekkers CM, Bos RP, Theuws JLG, Henderson PT. 1985. Excretion of 3­hydroxy­benzo[a]­ pyrene and mutagenicity in rat urine after exposure to benzo[a]pyrene. J Appl Toxicol 5(5): 277­282. Jongeneelen FJ. 2001. Benchmark guideline for urinary 1­hydroxypyrene as biomarker of occupational exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Ann Occup Hyg 45(1): 3­13. Kazerouni N, Sinha R, Hsu CH, Greenberg A, Rothman N. 2001. Analysis of 200 food items for benzo[a]­ pyrene and estimation of its intake in an epidemiologic study. Food Chem Toxicol 39(5): 423­436. Kim SH, Lee CS. 1996. Induction of benign and malignant pulmonary tumours in mice with benzo[a]­ pyrene. Anticancer Res 16(1): 465­470. Knecht U, Bolm­Audorff U, Woitowitz HJ. 1989. Atmospheric concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons during chimney sweeping. Br J Ind Med 46(7): 479­482. Report on Carcinogens, Twelfth Edition (2011) National Toxicology Program, Department of Health and Human Services Kroese ED, Dortant PM, van Steeg H, van Oostrom CTM, van der Houven, van Oordt CW, et al. 1997. Use of Eμ­PIM­1 transgenic mice for short­term in vivo carcinogenicity testing: lymphoma induction by benz[a]­ pyrene, but not by TPA. Carcinogenesis 18: 975­980. Larsson BK, Sahlberg GP, Eriksson AT, Busk LA. 1983. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in grilled food. J Agric Food Chem 31(4): 867­873. Lavoie EJ, Braley J, Rice JE, Rivenson A. 1987. Tumorigenic activity of non­alternant polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in newborn mice. Cancer Lett 34(1): 15­20. Lavoie EJ, He ZM, Wu Y, Meschter CL, Weyand EH. 1994. Tumorigenic activity of the 4,5­ and 9,10­dihydrodiols of benzo[j]fluoranthene and their syn­ and anti­diol epoxides in newborn mice. Cancer Res 54(4): 962­968. Levin W, Chang RL, Wood AW, Yagi H, Thakker DR, Jerina DM, Conney AH. 1984. High stereoselectivity among the optical isomers of the diastereomeric bay­region diol­epoxides of benz[a]anthracene in the expression of tumorigenic activity in murine tumor models. Cancer Res 44(3): 929­933. Lijinsky W. 1991. The formation and occurrence of polynuclear aromatic­hydrocarbons associated with food. Mutat Res 259(3­4): 251­261. Lodovici M, Dolara P, Casalini C, Ciappellano S, Testolin G. 1995. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contamination in the Italian diet. Food Addit Contam 12(5): 703­713. Mitchell KR, Warshawsky D. 1999. Frequent Ha­ras mutations in murine skin and liver tumors induced by 7H­dibenzo[c,g]carbazole. Mol Carcinog 25(2): 107­112. Naslund I, Rubio CA, Auer GU. 1987. Nuclear DNA changes during pathogenesis of squamous carcinoma of the cervix in 3,4­benzopyrene­treated mice. Anal Quant Cytol Histol 9(5): 411­418. Nesnow S, Ross JA, Stoner GD, Mass MJ. 1996. Tumorigenesis of carcinogenic environmental polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in strain A/J mice: linkage to DNA adducts and mutations in oncogenes. Polycycl Aromat Compd 10(1­4): 259­266. Nesnow S, Mass MJ, Ross JA, Galati AJ, Lambert GR, Gennings C, Carter WH, Stoner GD. 1998. Lung tumorigenic interactions in strain A/J mice of five environmental polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Environ Health Perspect 106: 1337­1346. NIOSH. 1977. Criteria for a Recommended Standard: Occupational Exposure to Coal Tar Products. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/78­107.html. Platt KL, Dienes HP, Tommasone M, Luch A. 2004. Tumor formation in the neonatal mouse bioassay indicates that the potent carcinogen dibenzo[def,p]chrysene (dibenzo[a,l]pyrene) is activated in vivo via its trans­11,12­dihydrodiol. Chem Biol Interact 148(1­2): 27­36. Pott F, Mohr U, Brockhaus A. 1978. [Studies on the combined effects of benzopyrene and dibenz[a]­ anthracene with SO2 and NO2 inhalation on the golden hamster.] [In German]. In [Air Hygiene and Silicosis Research], Rothe H, ed. Essen, Germany: Girardet. pp. 225–226. As cited in IARC 2010. Prahalad AK, Ross JA, Nelson GB, Roop BC, King LC, Nesnow S, Mass MJ. 1997. Dibenzo[a,l]pyrene­induced DNA adduction, tumorigenicity, and Ki­ras oncogene mutations in strain A/J mouse lung. Carcinogenesis 18(10): 1955­1963. Ramesh A, Walker SA, Hood DB, Guillen MD, Schneider K, Weyand EH. 2004. Bioavailability and risk assessment of orally ingested polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Int J Toxicol 23(5): 301­333. Reddy AP, Harttig U, Barth MC, Baird WM, Schimerlik M, Hendricks JD, Bailey GS. 1999a. Inhibition of dibenzo[a,l]pyrene­induced multi­organ carcinogenesis by dietary chlorophyllin in rainbow trout. Carcinogenesis 20(10): 1919­1926. Reddy AP, Spitsbergen JM, Mathews C, Hendricks JD, Bailey GS. 1999b. Experimental hepatic tumorigenicity by environmental hydrocarbon dibenzo[a,l]pyrene. J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol 18(4): 261­269. Rodriguez LV, Dunsford HA, Steinberg M, Chaloupka KK, Zhu LJ, Safe S, Womack JE, Goldstein LS. 1997. Carcinogenicity of benzo[a]pyrene and manufactured gas plant residues in infant mice. Carcinogenesis 18(1): 127­135. Roller M, Kamino K, Rosenbruch M. 1992. Carcinogenicity testing of bladder carcinogens and other organic compounds by the intraperitoneal and intravesical route. In Environmental Hygiene III. Seemayer N, Hadnagy W, eds. Berlin: Springer­Verlag. pp. 95­98. Ross JA, Nelson GB, Wilson KH, Rabinowitz JR, Galati A, Stoner GD, Nesnow S, Mass MJ. 1995. Adenomas induced by polycyclic aromatic­hydrocarbons in strain A/J mouse lung correlate with time­integrated DNA adduct levels. Cancer Res 55(5): 1039­1044. Rossi L, Barbieri O, Sanguineti M, Staccione A, Santi LF, Santi L. 1983. Carcinogenic activity of benzo[a]­ pyrene and some of its synthetic derivatives by direct injection into the mouse fetus. Carcinogenesis 4(2): 153­156. Roth MJ, Strickland KL, Wang GQ, Rothman N, Greenberg A, Dawsey SM. 1998. High levels of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons present within food from Linxian, China may contribute to that region’s high incidence of oesophageal cancer. Eur J Cancer 34(5): 757­758. Schwartz J, Baker V, Larios E, Desai D, Amin S. 2004. Inhibition of experimental tobacco carcinogen induced head and neck carcinogenesis. Oral Oncol 40(6): 611­623. Sellakumar A, Shubik P. 1974. Carcinogenicity of different polycyclic hydrocarbons in the respiratory tract of hamsters. J Natl Cancer Inst 53(6): 1713­1719. Solt DB, Polverini PJ, Calderon L. 1987. Carcinogenic response of hamster buccal pouch epithelium to 4 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. J Oral Pathol 16(6): 294­302. Stenbäck F, Sellakumar. 1974. Lung tumor induction by dibenz[a,i]pyrene in Syrian golden­hamster. Zeitschrift Fur Krebsforschung Und Klinische Onkologie 82(3): 175­182. Taras­Valero D, Perin­Roussel O, Plessis MJ, Zajdela F, Perin F. 2000. Tissue­specific activities of methylated dibenzo[c,g]carbazoles in mice: carcinogenicity, DNA adduct formation, and CYP1A induction in liver and skin. Environ Mol Mutagen 35(2): 139­149. Thyssen J, Althoff J, Kimmerle G, Mohr U. 1981. Inhalation studies with benzo[a]pyrene in Syrian golden­ hamsters. J Natl Cancer Inst 66(3): 575­577. Toth B. 1980. Tumorigenesis by benzo[a]pyrene administered intracolonically. Oncology 37(2): 77­82. TRI. 2010. TRI Explorer Chemical Report. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. http://www.epa.gov/ triexplorer and select Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds. Last accessed: 3/25/10. Vanrooij JG, Bodelier­Bade MM, De Looff AJ, Dijkmans AP, Jongeneelen FJ. 1992. Dermal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons among primary aluminium workers. Med Lav 83(5): 519­529. Viau C, Vyskocil A. 1995. Patterns of 1­hydroxypyrene excretion in volunteers exposed to pyrene by the dermal route. Sci Total Environ 163: 187­190. Von Tungeln LS, Xia QS, Fu PP. 1999. Benz[a]anthracene is a potent liver tumorigen in the neonatal B6C3F1 mouse. Polycycl Aromat Compd 16(1­4): 245­254. Warshawsky D, Barkley W, Miller ML, Ladow K, Andringa A. 1994. Carcinogenicity of 7H­dibenzo[c,g]­ carbazole, dibenz[a,j]acridine and benzo[a]pyrene in mouse skin and liver following topical application. Toxicology 93(2­3): 135­149. Warshawsky D, Talaska G, Jaeger M, Collins T, Galati A, You L, Stoner G. 1996. Carcinogenicity, DNA adduct formation and K­ras activation by 7H­dibenzo[c,g]carbazole in strain A/J mouse lung. Carcinogenesis 17(4): 865­871. Wenzel­Hartung R, Brune H, Grimmer G, Germann P, Timm J, Wosniok W. 1990. Evaluation of the carcinogenic potency of 4 environmental polycyclic aromatic­compounds following intrapulmonary application in rats. Exp Pathol 40(4): 221­227. Weyand EH, Chen YC, Wu Y, Koganti A, Dunsford HA, Rodriguez LV. 1995. Differences in the tumorigenic activity of a pure hydrocarbon and a complex mixture following ingestion—benzo[a]pyrene vs manufactured­gas plant residue. Chem Res Toxicol 8(7): 949­954. Wislocki PG, Bagan ES, Lu AYH, Dooley KL, Fu PP, Hanhsu H, Beland FA, Kadlubar FF. 1986. Tumorigenicity of nitrated derivatives of pyrene, benz[a]anthracene, chrysene and benzo[a]pyrene in the newborn mouse assay. Carcinogenesis 7(8): 1317­1322. Yu Z, Loehr CV, Fischer KA, Louderback MA, Krueger SK, Dashwood RH, et al. 2006. In utero exposure of mice to dibenzo[a,l]pyrene produces lymphoma in the offspring: role of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Cancer Res 66(2): 755­762. POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS (PAHs) Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry ToxFAQs September 1996 SUMMARY: Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons usually occurs by breathing air contaminated by wild fires or coal tar, or by eating foods that have been grilled. PAHs have been found in at least 600 of the 1,430 National Priorities List sites identified by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). This fact sheet answers the most frequently asked health questions (FAQs) about polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). For more information, call the ATSDR Information Center at 1-888-422-8737. This fact sheet is one in a series of summaries about hazardous substances and their health effects. This information is important because this substance may harm you. The effects of exposure to any hazardous substance depend on the dose, the duration, how you are exposed, personal traits and habits, and whether other chemicals are present. What are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons? (Pronounced p∂lÀ≥-s¥ kl≥k ØrÀí-mØt ≥k h¥Àdrí- kar bínz) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of over 100 different chemicals that are formed during the incomplete burning of coal, oil and gas, garbage, or other organic substances like tobacco or charbroiled meat. PAHs are usually found as a mixture containing two or more of these compounds, such as soot. Some PAHs are manufactured. These pure PAHs usually exist as colorless, white, or pale yellow-green solids. PAHs are found in coal tar, crude oil, creosote, and roofing tar, but a few are used in medicines or to make dyes, plastics, and pesti­ cides. What happens to PAHs when they enter the environment? D PAHs enter the air mostly as releases from volcanoes, forest fires, burning coal, and automobile exhaust. D PAHs can occur in air attached to dust particles. D Some PAH particles can readily evaporate into the air from soil or surface waters. D PAHs can break down by reacting with sunlight and other chemicals in the air, over a period of days to weeks. D PAHs enter water through discharges from industrial and wastewater treatment plants. D Most PAHs do not dissolve easily in water. They stick to solid particles and settle to the bottoms of lakes or rivers. D Microorganisms can break down PAHs in soil or water after a period of weeks to months. D In soils, PAHs are most likely to stick tightly to particles; certain PAHs move through soil to contaminate under­ ground water. D PAH contents of plants and animals may be much higher than PAH contents of soil or water in which they live. How might I be exposed to PAHs? D Breathing air containing PAHs in the workplace of coking, coal-tar, and asphalt production plants; smoke­ houses; and municipal trash incineration facilities. D Breathing air containing PAHs from cigarette smoke, wood smoke, vehicle exhausts, asphalt roads, or agricul­ tural burn smoke. D Coming in contact with air, water, or soil near hazardous waste sites. D Eating grilled or charred meats; contaminated cereals, flour, bread, vegetables, fruits, meats; and processed or pickled foods. D Drinking contaminated water or cow’s milk. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, Public Health Service Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Page 2 Federal Recycling Program Printed on Recycled Paper Where can I get more information? For more information, contact the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Toxicology, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Mailstop F-32, Atlanta, GA 30333. Phone: 1-888-422-8737, FAX: 770-488-4178. ToxFAQs Internet address via WWW is http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxfaq.html ATSDR can tell you where to find occupational and environmental health clinics. Their specialists can recognize, evaluate, and treat illnesses resulting from exposure to hazardous substances. You can also contact your community or state health or environmental quality department if you have any more questions or concerns. ToxFAQs Internet address via WWW is http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxfaq.html POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS (PAHs) D Nursing infants of mothers living near hazardous waste sites may be exposed to PAHs through their mother's milk. How can PAHs affect my health? Mice that were fed high levels of one PAH during pregnancy had difficulty reproducing and so did their off­ spring. These offspring also had higher rates of birth defects and lower body weights. It is not known whether these effects occur in people. Animal studies have also shown that PAHs can cause harmful effects on the skin, body fluids, and ability to fight disease after both short- and long-term exposure. But these effects have not been seen in people. How likely are PAHs to cause cancer? The Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) has determined that some PAHs may reasonably be expected to be carcinogens. Some people who have breathed or touched mixtures of PAHs and other chemicals for long periods of time have developed cancer. Some PAHs have caused cancer in labora­ tory animals when they breathed air containing them (lung cancer), ingested them in food (stomach cancer), or had them applied to their skin (skin cancer). Is there a medical test to show whether I’ve been exposed to PAHs? In the body, PAHs are changed into chemicals that can attach to substances within the body. There are special tests that can detect PAHs attached to these substances in body tissues or blood. However, these tests cannot tell whether any health effects will occur or find out the extent or source of your exposure to the PAHs. The tests aren’t usually available in your doctor’s office because special equipment is needed to conduct them. Has the federal government made recommendations to protect human health? The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has set a limit of 0.2 milligrams of PAHs per cubic meter of air (0.2 mg/m3). The OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for mineral oil mist that contains PAHs is 5 mg/m3 averaged over an 8-hour exposure period. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) recommends that the average workplace air levels for coal tar products not exceed 0.1 mg/m3 for a 10-hour workday, within a 40-hour workweek. There are other limits for work­ place exposure for things that contain PAHs, such as coal, coal tar, and mineral oil. Glossary Carcinogen: A substance that can cause cancer. Ingest: Take food or drink into your body. References Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). 1995. Toxicological profile for polycyclic aromatic hydrocar­ bons. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service. NAPHTHALENE CAS # 91-20-3 1-METHYLNAPHTHALENE CAS # 90-12-0 2-METHYLNAPHTHALENE CAS # 91-57-6 Division of Toxicology ToxFAQsTM August 2005 This fact sheet answers the most frequently asked health questions (FAQs) about naphthalene, 1-methylnaphthalene, and 2-methylnaphthalene. For more information, call the ATSDR Information Center at 1-888-422-8737. This fact sheet is one in a series of summaries about hazardous substances and their health effects. It is important you understand this information because these substances may harm you. The effects of exposure to any hazardous substance depend on the dose, the duration, how you are exposed, personal traits and habits, and whether other chemicals are present. HIGHLIGHTS: Exposure to naphthalene, 1-methylnaphthalene, or 2- methylnaphthalene happens mostly from breathing air contaminated from the burning of wood, tobacco, or fossil fuels, industrial discharges, or moth repellents. Exposure to large amounts of naphthalene may damage or destroy some of your red blood cells. Naphthalene has caused cancer in animals. Naphthalene, 1-methylnaphthalene, and 2-methylnaphthalene have been found in at least 687, 36, and 412, respectively, of the 1,662 National Priority List sites identified by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). What are naphthalene, 1-methylnaphthalene, and2-methylnaphthalene? Naphthalene is a white solid that evaporates easily. Fuels such as petroleum and coal contain naphthalene. It is also called white tar, and tar camphor, and has been used in mothballs and moth flakes. Burning tobacco or wood produces naphthalene. It has a strong, but not unpleasant smell. The major commercial use of naphthalene is in the manufacture of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastics. Its major consumer use is in moth repellents and toilet deodorant blocks. 1-Methylnaphthalene and 2-methylnaphthalene are naphthalene- related compounds. 1-Methylnaphthalene is a clear liquid and 2- methylnaphthalene is a solid; both can be smelled in air and in water at very low concentrations. 1-Methylnaphthalene and 2-methylnaphthalene are used to make other chemicals such as dyes and resins. 2-Methylnaphthalene is also used to make vitamin K. What happens to naphthalene,1-methylnaphthalene, and 2-methylnaphthalenewhen they enter the environment? ‘ Naphthalene enters the environment from industrial and domestic sources, and from accidental spills. ‘ Naphthalene can dissolve in water to a limited degree and may be present in drinking water from wells close to hazardous waste sites and landfills. ‘ Naphthalene can become weakly attached to soil or pass through soil into underground water. ‘ In air, moisture and sunlight break it down within 1 day. In water, bacteria break it down or it evaporates into the air. ‘ Naphthalene does not accumulate in the flesh of animals or fish that you might eat. ‘ 1-Methylnaphthalene and 2-methylnaphthalene are expected to act like naphthalene in air, water, or soil because they have similar chemical and physical properties.How might I be exposed to naphthalene,1-methylnaphthalene, and 2-methylnaphthalene? ‘ Breathing low levels in outdoor air. ‘ Breathing air contaminated from industrial discharges or smoke from burning wood, tobacco, or fossil fuels. ‘ Using or making moth repellents, coal tar products, dyes or inks could expose you to these chemicals in the air. ‘ Drinking water from contaminated wells. ‘ Touching fabrics that are treated with moth repellents containing naphthalene. ‘ Exposure to naphthalene, 1-methylnaphthalene and 2-methylnaphthalene from eating foods or drinking beverages is unlikely.How can naphthalene, 1-methylnaphthalene, and2-methylnaphthalene affect my health? Exposure to large amounts of naphthalene may damage or destroy some of your red blood cells. This could cause you to have too few red blood cells until your body replaces the destroyed cells. This condition is called hemolytic anemia. Some symptoms of hemolytic anemia are fatigue, lack of appetite, restlessness, and pale skin. Exposure to large amounts of naphthalene may also cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, blood in the urine, and a yellow color to the skin. Animals sometimes develop cloudiness in their eyes after swallowing high amounts of naphthalene. It is not clear whether this also develops in people. Rats and mice that breathed naphthalene vapors daily for a lifetime developed irritation and inflammation of their nose and lungs. It is unclear if naphthalene U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, Public Health Service Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Page 2 Federal Recycling Program Printed on Recycled Paper ToxFAQsTM Internet address is http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxfaq.html Where can I get more information? For more information, contact the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Toxicology, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Mailstop F-32, Atlanta, GA 30333. Phone: 1-888-422- 8737, FAX: 770-488-4178. ToxFAQs Internet address via WWW is http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxfaq.html. ATSDR can tell you where to find occupational and environmental health clinics. Their specialists can recognize, evaluate, and treat illnesses resulting from exposure to hazardous substances. You can also contact your community or state health or environmental quality department if you have any more questions or concerns. causes reproductive effects in animals; most evidence says it does not. There are no studies of humans exposed to 1-methylnaphthalene or 2-methylnaphthalene. Mice fed food containing 1-methylnaphthalene and 2- methylnaphthalene for most of their lives had part of their lungs filled with an abnormal material. How likely are naphthalene, 1-methylnaphthalene,or 2-methylnaphthalene to cause cancer? There is no direct evidence in humans that naphthalene, 1- methylnaphthalene, or 2-methylnaphthalene cause cancer. However, cancer from naphthalene exposure has been seen in animal studies. Some female mice that breathed naphthalene vapors daily for a lifetime developed lung tumors. Some male and female rats exposed to naphthalene in a similar manner also developed nose tumors. Based on the results from animal studies, the Department of Health and Humans Services (DHHS) concluded that naphthalene is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) concluded that naphthalene is possibly carcinogenic to humans. The EPA determined that naphthalene is a possible human carcinogen (Group C) and that the data are inadequate to assess the human carcinogenic potential of 2-methylnaphthalene.How can naphthalene, 1-methylnaphthalene, or2-methylnaphthalene affect children? Hospitals have reported many cases of hemolytic anemia in children, including newborns and infants, who either ate naphthalene mothballs or deodorants cakes or who were in close contact with clothing or blankets stored in naphthalene mothballs. Naphthalene can move from a pregnant woman's blood to the unborn baby's blood. Naphthalene has been detected in some samples of breast milk from the general U.S. population, but not at levels that are expected to be of concern. There is no information on whether naphthalene has affected development in humans. No developmental abnormalities were observed in the offspring from rats, mice, and rabbits fed naphthalene during pregnancy. We do not have any information on possible health effects of 1- methylnaphthalene or 2-methylnaphthalene on children.How can families reduce the risks of exposure tonaphthalene, 1-methylnaphthalene, and2-methylnaphthalene? ‘ Families can reduce the risks of exposure to naphthalene, 1-methylnaphthalene, and 2-methylnaphthalene by avoiding smoking tobacco, generating smoke during cooking, or using fireplaces or heating appliances in the their homes. ‘ If families use naphthalene-containing moth repellents, the material should be enclosed in containers that prevent vapors from escaping, and kept out of the reach from children. ‘ Blankets and clothing stored with naphthalene moth repellents should be aired outdoors to remove naphthalene odors and washed before they are used. ‘ Families should inform themselves of the contents of air deodorizers that are used in their homes and refrain from using deodorizers with naphthalene.Is there a medical test to determine whether I’ve been exposed to naphthalene, 1-methylnaphthalene,and 2-methylnaphthalene? Tests are available that measure levels of these chemicals and their breakdown products in samples of urine, feces, blood, maternal milk, or body fat. These tests are not routinely available in a doctor's office because they require special equipment, but samples can be sent to special testing laboratories. These tests cannot determine exactly how much naphthalene, 1-methylnaphthalene, or 2- methylnaphthalene you were exposed to or predict whether harmful effects will occur. If the samples are collected within a day or two of exposure, then the tests can show if you were exposed to a large or small amount of naphthalene, 1-methylnaphthalene, or 2- methylnaphthalene.Has the federal government maderecommendations to protect human health? The EPA recommends that children not drink water with over 0.5 parts per million (0.5 ppm) naphthalene for more than 10 days or over 0.4 ppm for any longer than 7 years. Adults should not drink water with more than 1 ppm for more than 7 years. For water consumed over a lifetime (70 years), the EPA suggests that it contain no more than 0.1 ppm naphthalene. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) set a limit of 10 ppm for the level of naphthalene in workplace air during an 8-hour workday, 40-hour workweek. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) considers more than 500 ppm of naphthalene in air to be immediately dangerous to life or health. This is the exposure level of a chemical that is likely to impair a worker's ability to leave a contaminate area and therefore, results in permanent health problems or death.References Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). 2005. Toxicological Profile for Naphthalene, 1-Methylnaphthalene, and 2- Methylnaphthalene (Update). Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service. NAPHTHALENE CAS # 91-20-3 1-METHYLNAPHTHALENE CAS # 90-12-0 2-METHYLNAPHTHALENE CAS # 91-57-6 POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS Division of Toxicology ToxFAQsTM February 2001 This fact sheet answers the most frequently asked health questions (FAQs) about polychlorinated biphenyls. For more information, call the ATSDR Information Center at 1-888-422-8737. This fact sheet is one in a series of summaries about hazardous substances and their health effects. It’s important you understand this information because this substance may harm you. The effects of exposure to any hazardous substance depend on the dose, the duration, how you are exposed, personal traits and habits, and whether other chemicals are present. HIGHLIGHTS: Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a mixture of individual chemicals which are no longer produced in the United States, but are still found in the environment. Health effects that have been associated with exposure to PCBs include acne-like skin conditions in adults and neurobehavioral and immunological changes in children. PCBs are known to cause cancer in animals. PCBs have been found in at least 500 of the 1,598 National Priorities List sites identified by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). What are polychlorinated biphenyls? Polychlorinated biphenyls are mixtures of up to 209 individual chlorinated compounds (known as congeners). There are no known natural sources of PCBs. PCBs are either oily liquids or solids that are colorless to light yellow. Some PCBs can exist as a vapor in air. PCBs have no known smell or taste. Many commercial PCB mixtures are known in the U.S. by the trade name Aroclor. PCBs have been used as coolants and lubricants in transformers, capacitors, and other electrical equipment because they don’t burn easily and are good insulators. The manufacture of PCBs was stopped in the U.S. in 1977 because of evidence they build up in the environment and can cause harmful health effects. Products made before 1977 that may contain PCBs include old fluorescent lighting fixtures and electrical devices containing PCB capacitors, and old microscope and hydraulic oils. What happens to PCBs when they enter the environment? o PCBs entered the air, water, and soil during their manufacture, use, and disposal; from accidental spills and leaks during their transport; and from leaks or fires in products containing PCBs. o PCBs can still be released to the environment from hazardous waste sites; illegal or improper disposal of industrial wastes and consumer products; leaks from old electrical transformers containing PCBs; and burning of some wastes in incinerators. o PCBs do not readily break down in the environment and thus may remain there for very long periods of time. PCBs can travel long distances in the air and be deposited in areas far away from where they were released. In water, a small amount of PCBs may remain dissolved, but most stick to organic particles and bottom sediments. PCBs also bind strongly to soil. o PCBs are taken up by small organisms and fish in water. They are also taken up by other animals that eat these aquatic animals as food. PCBs accumulate in fish and marine mammals, reaching levels that may be many thousands of times higher than in water. How might I be exposed to PCBs? o Using old fluorescent lighting fixtures and electrical devices and appliances, such as television sets and refrigerators, that were made 30 or more years ago. These items may leak small amounts of PCBs into the air when they get hot during operation, and could be a source of skin exposure. o Eating contaminated food. The main dietary sources of PCBs are fish (especially sportfish caught in contaminated lakes or rivers), meat, and dairy products. o Breathing air near hazardous waste sites and drinking contaminated well water. o In the workplace during repair and maintenance of PCB transformers; accidents, fires or spills involving transformers, fluorescent lights, and other old electrical devices; and disposal of PCB materials. How can PCBs affect my health? The most commonly observed health effects in people exposed to large amounts of PCBs are skin conditions such as acne and rashes. Studies in exposed workers have shown changes in blood and urine that may indicate liver damage. PCB exposures in the general population are not likely to result in skin and liver effects. Most of the studies of health effects of PCBs in the general population examined children of mothers who were exposed to PCBs. Animals that ate food containing large amounts of PCBs for short periods of time had mild liver damage and some died. Animals that ate smaller amounts of PCBs in food over several weeks or months developed various kinds of health effects, including anemia; acne-like skin conditions; and liver, stomach, and thyroid gland injuries. Other effects U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, Public Health Service Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Page 2 Federal Recycling Program Printed on Recycled Paper ToxFAQsTM Internet address is http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxfaq.html Where can I get more information? For more information, contact the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Toxicology, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Mailstop F-32, Atlanta, GA 30333. Phone: 1-888-422-8737, FAX: 770-488-4178. ToxFAQsTM Internet address is http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxfaq.html . ATSDR can tell you where to find occupational and environmental health clinics. Their specialists can recognize, evaluate, and treat illnesses resulting from exposure to hazardous substances. You can also contact your community or state health or environmental quality department if you have any more questions or concerns. POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS of PCBs in animals include changes in the immune system, behavioral alterations, and impaired reproduction. PCBs are not known to cause birth defects. How likely are PCBs to cause cancer? Few studies of workers indicate that PCBs were associated with certain kinds of cancer in humans, such as cancer of the liver and biliary tract. Rats that ate food containing high levels of PCBs for two years developed liver cancer. The Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) has concluded that PCBs may reasonably be anticipated to be carcinogens. The EPA and the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) have determined that PCBs are probably carcinogenic to humans. How can PCBs affect children? Women who were exposed to relatively high levels of PCBs in the workplace or ate large amounts of fish contaminated with PCBs had babies that weighed slightly less than babies from women who did not have these exposures. Babies born to women who ate PCB- contaminated fish also showed abnormal responses in tests of infant behavior. Some of these behaviors, such as problems with motor skills and a decrease in short-term memory, lasted for several years. Other studies suggest that the immune system was affected in children born to and nursed by mothers exposed to increased levels of PCBs. There are no reports of structural birth defects caused by exposure to PCBs or of health effects of PCBs in older children. The most likely way infants will be exposed to PCBs is from breast milk. Transplacental transfers of PCBs were also reported In most cases, the benefits of breast- feeding outweigh any risks from exposure to PCBs in mother’s milk. How can families reduce the risk of exposure to PCBs? o You and your children may be exposed to PCBs by eating fish or wildlife caught from contaminated locations. Certain states, Native American tribes, and U.S. territories have issued advisories to warn people about PCB-contaminated fish and fish-eating wildlife. You can reduce your family’s exposure to PCBs by obeying these advisories. o Children should be told not play with old appliances, electrical equipment, or transformers, since they may contain PCBs. o Children should be discouraged from playing in the dirt near hazardous waste sites and in areas where there was a transformer fire. Children should also be discouraged from eating dirt and putting dirty hands, toys or other objects in their mouths, and should wash hands frequently. o If you are exposed to PCBs in the workplace it is possible to carry them home on your clothes, body, or tools. If this is the case, you should shower and change clothing before leaving work, and your work clothes should be kept separate from other clothes and laundered separately. Is there a medical test to show whether I’ve been exposed to PCBs? Tests exist to measure levels of PCBs in your blood, body fat, and breast milk, but these are not routinely conducted. Most people normally have low levels of PCBs in their body because nearly everyone has been environmentally exposed to PCBs. The tests can show if your PCB levels are elevated, which would indicate past exposure to above-normal levels of PCBs, but cannot determine when or how long you were exposed or whether you will develop health effects. Has the federal government made recommendations to protect human health? The EPA has set a limit of 0.0005 milligrams of PCBs per liter of drinking water (0.0005 mg/L). Discharges, spills or accidental releases of 1 pound or more of PCBs into the environment must be reported to the EPA. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) requires that infant foods, eggs, milk and other dairy products, fish and shellfish, poultry and red meat contain no more than 0.2-3 parts of PCBs per million parts (0.2-3 ppm) of food. Many states have established fish and wildlife consumption advisories for PCBs. References Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). 2000. Toxicological profile for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service. Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) CAS Number: 1336-36-3 What are PCBs? Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were developed in the 1940's and were used extensively in the manufacture of transformers, capacitors, and other heat transfer devices through the late 1970's. PCBs are a group of chemicals that have extremely high boiling points and are practically nonflammable. Because of this, they were used extensively as heat transfer fluids in transformers and capacitors. In 1979 their manufacture and importation was banned in the United States, based on mounting evidence that they were toxic to humans and wildlife. Today they are classified as probable human carcinogens and are listed in the top 10% of EPA’s most toxic chemicals. At older federal facilities today, there are still many PCB-containing transformers and capacitors. Many of these transformers are at or close to the end of their useful life and proper disposal of them is required to prevent the unnecessary (and unlawful) release of PCBs into the environment. How might I be exposed to PCBs? Fish consumption appears to be the major pathway of exposure. PCBs do not easily break down, and can bioaccumulate in the fatty tissues of fish and mammals. A significant trend of increasing body burden is associated with increased fish consumption. People who eat sport-caught fish consumed 2-3 times more fish than the overall U.S. population. Concentrations of PCBs in subsurface soil at a Superfund site have been as high as 750 ppm. People who live near hazardous waste sites may be exposed to PCBs by consuming PCB- contaminated sportfish and game animals, by breathing PCBs in air, or by drinking PCB- contaminated well water. Although PCBs are no longer made in the United States, people can still be exposed to them. Many older transformers and capacitors may still contain PCBs, and this equipment can be used for 30 years or more. Old fluorescent lighting fixtures and old electrical devices and appliances, such as television sets and refrigerators, may contain PCBs if they were made before PCB use was stopped. When these electric devices get hot during operation, small amounts of PCBs may get into the air and raise the level of PCBs in indoor air. Because devices that contain PCBs can leak with age, they could also be a source of skin exposure to PCBs. Workplace exposure to PCBs can occur during the repair and maintenance of PCB transformers, accidents, fires, or spills involving PCB transformers and older computers and instruments, and disposal of PCB materials. In addition to older electrical instruments and fluorescent lights that contain PCB-filled capacitors, caulking materials, elastic sealants, and heat insulation have also been known to contain PCBs. Contact with PCBs at hazardous waste sites can happen when workers breathe air and touch soil containing PCBs. Exposure in the contaminated workplace occurs mostly by breathing air containing PCBs and by touching substances that contain PCBs. How can PCBs enter and leave my body? If you breathe air that contains PCBs, they can enter your body through your lungs and pass into the bloodstream. We do not know how fast or how much of the PCBs that are breathed will pass into the blood. A common way for PCBs to enter your body is by eating meat or fish products or other foods that contain PCBs. Exposure from drinking water is less than from food. It is also possible that PCBs can enter your body by breathing indoor air or by skin contact in buildings that have the kinds of old electrical devices that contain and can leak PCBs. For people living near waste sites or processing or storage facilities, and for people who work with or around PCBs, the most likely ways that PCBs will enter their bodies are from skin contact with contaminated soil and from breathing PCB vapors. Once PCBs are in your body, some may be changed by your body into other related chemicals called metabolites. Some metabolites of PCBs may have the potential to be as harmful as some unchanged PCBs. Some of the metabolites may leave your body in the feces in a few days, but others may remain in your body fat for months. Unchanged PCBs may also remain in your body and be stored for years mainly in the fat and liver, but smaller amounts can be found in other organs as well. PCBs collect in milk fat and can enter the bodies of infants through breast-feeding. How can PCBs affect my health? Many studies have looked at how PCBs can affect human health. Some of these studies investigated people exposed in the workplace, and others have examined members of the general population. Skin conditions, such as acne and rashes, may occur in people exposed to high levels of PCBs. These effects on the skin are well documented, but are not likely to result from exposures in the general population. Most of the human studies have many shortcomings, which make it difficult for scientists to establish a clear association between PCB exposure levels and health effects. Some studies in workers suggest that exposure to PCBs may also cause irritation of the nose and lungs, gastrointestinal discomfort, changes in the blood and liver, and depression and fatigue. Workplace concentrations of PCBs, such as those in areas where PCB transformers are repaired and maintained, are higher than levels in other places, such as air in buildings that have electrical devices containing PCBs or in outdoor air, including air at hazardous waste sites. Most of the studies of health effects of PCBs in the general population examined children of mothers who were exposed to PCBs. Is there a medical test to determine if I have been exposed to PCBs? Levels of PCBs in the environment were zero before PCBs were manufactured. Now, all people in industrial countries have some PCBs in their bodies. There are tests to determine whether PCBs are in the blood, body fat, and breast milk. These are not regular or routine clinical tests, such as the one for cholesterol, but could be ordered by a doctor to detect PCBs in people exposed to them in the environment and at work. If your PCB levels are higher than the background levels, this will show that you have been exposed to high levels of PCBs. However, these measurements cannot determine the exact amount or type of PCBs that you have been exposed to, or how long you have been exposed. Although these tests can indicate whether you have been exposed to PCBs to a greater extent than the general population, they do not predict whether you will develop harmful health effects. Blood tests are the easiest, safest, and probably the best method for detecting recent exposures to large amounts of PCBs. Results of such tests should be reviewed and carefully interpreted by physicians with a background in environmental and occupational medicine. Nearly everyone has been exposed to PCBs because they are found throughout the environment, and people are likely to have detectable amounts of PCBs in their blood, fat, and breast milk. Recent studies have shown that PCB levels in tissues from United States population are now declining. What levels of exposure have resulted in harmful health effects? Human health studies indicate that: 1) reproductive function may be disrupted by high levels of exposure to PCBs; 2) neurobehavioral and developmental deficits occur in newborns and continue through school-aged children who had in-utero exposure to PCBs; 3) other systemic effects (e.g., self-reported liver disease and diabetes, and effects on the thyroid and immune systems) are associated with elevated serum levels of PCBs; and 4) increased cancer risks, e.g., non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, are associated with PCB exposures. What recommendations has the federal government made to protect human health? The federal government has developed regulations, guidelines, and standards to protect people from the possible health effects of exposure to PCBs. The federal government develops regulations and recommendations to protect public health. Regulations can be enforced by law. Federal agencies that develop regulations for toxic substances include the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Recommendations provide valuable guidelines to protect public health but cannot be enforced by law. Federal organizations that develop recommendations for toxic substances include the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Regulations and recommendations can be expressed in not-to-exceed levels in air, water, soil, or food that are usually based on levels that affect animals; then they are adjusted to help protect people. Sometimes these not-to- exceed levels differ among federal organizations because of different exposure times (an 8-hour workday or a 24-hour day), the use of different animal studies, or other factors. Recommendations and regulations are periodically updated as more information becomes available. For the most current information, check with the federal agency or organization that provides it. Some regulations and recommendations for PCBs include the following: The EPA standard for PCBs in drinking water is 0.5 parts of PCBs per billion parts (ppb) of water. For the protection of human health from the possible effects of drinking the water or eating the fish or shellfish from lakes and streams that are contaminated with PCBs, the EPA regulates that the level of PCBs in these waters be no greater than 0.17 parts of PCBs per trillion parts (ppt) of water. The FDA has set residue limits for PCBs in various foods to protect from harmful health effects. FDA required limits include 0.2 parts of PCBs per million parts (ppm) in infant and junior foods, 0.3 ppm in eggs, 1.5 ppm in milk and other dairy products (fat basis), 2 ppm in fish and shellfish (edible portions), and 3 ppm in poultry and red meat (fat basis). OSHA regulates that workers not be exposed by inhalation over a period of 8 hours for 5 days per week to more than 1 milligram per cubic meter of air (mg/m³) for 42% chlorine PCBs, or to 0.5 mg/m³ for 54% chlorine PCBs. NIOSH recommends that workers not breathe air containing 42 or 54% chlorine PCB levels higher than 1 microgram per cubic meter of air (µg/m³) for a 10-hour workday, 40-hour workweek. EPA requires that companies that transport, store, or dispose of PCBs follow the rules and regulations of the federal hazardous waste management program. EPA also limits the amount of PCBs put into publicly owned waste water treatment plants. To minimize exposure of people to PCBs, EPA requires that industry tell the National Response Center each time one pound or more of PCBs has been released to the environment. Where can I get more information? If you have more questions or concerns, please contact your state health or environmental department or: Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Division of Toxicology 1600 Clifton Road, E-29 Atlanta, Georgia 30333 References 1. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). Public Health Statement for PCBs. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 1990. 2. Birmingham et al. 1989 3. Newhook 1988 4. Fitzgerald et al. 1996 5. Courval et al. 1996 Appendix C Accident/Exposure Reporting Form S:\Office Mgmt Docs\Health & Safety\Health & Safety Plan Templates\Accident_Exposure Report.docx ACCIDENT / EXPOSURE REPORT FORM EMPLOYEE NAME DATE OF BIRTH HOME ADDRESS PHONE NO. SEX: MALE FEMALE JOB TITLE SOC. SEC. NO. OFFICE NO. OFFICE LOCATION DATE OF HIRE HOURS USUALLY WORKED: HOURS PER DAY HOURS PER WEEK TOTAL HOURS WEEKLY WHERE DID ACCIDENT, OR EXPOSURE OCCUR? (INCLUDE ADDRESS) COUNTY ON EMPLOYER’S PREMISES? YES NO WHAT WAS EMPLOYEE DOING WHEN THE ACCIDENT OCCURRED? (BE SPECIFIC) HOW DID THE ACCIDENT OR EXPOSURE OCCUR? (DESCRIBE FULLY) WHAT STEPS COULD BE TAKEN TO PREVENT SUCH AN OCCURRENCE? OBJECT OR SUBSTANCE THAT DIRECTLY INJURED EMPLOYEE DESCRIBE THE INJURY OR ILLNESS PART OF BODY AFFECTED NAME AND ADDRESS OF PHYSICIAN S:\Office Mgmt Docs\Health & Safety\Health & Safety Plan Templates\Accident_Exposure Report.docx IF HOSPITALIZED, NAME AND ADDRESS OF HOSPITAL DATE OF INJURY/ILLNESS TIME OF DAY LOSS OF ONE OR MORE DAY OR WORK? YES/NO IF YES, DATE LAST WORKED HAS EMPLOYEE RETURNED TO WORK? IF YES, DATE RETURNED DID EMPLOYEE DIE? IF YES, DATE COMPLETED BY (PRINT) SIGNATURE TITLE DATE AN ACCIDENT, EXPOSURE REPORT MUST BE COMPLETED BY THE SUPERVISOR OR SITE SAFETY OFFICER IMMEDIATELY UPON LEARNING OF THE INCIDENT. THE COMPLETED REPORT MUST BE IMMEDIATELY TRANSMITTED TO THE MANAGER, HEALTH & SAFETY. Appendix D Near Miss Reporting Form \\hhsvr.harthickman.local\masterfiles\Office Mgmt Docs\Health & Safety\Health & Safety Plan Templates\Near Miss Form.docx NEAR MISS REPORT A near miss is a potential hazard or incident that has not resulted in personal injury. Unsafe working conditions, unsafe employee work habits, improper use of equipment or use of malfunctioning equipment have the potential to cause work related injuries. It is everyone’s responsibility to report and /or correct these potential accidents/incidents immediately. Please complete this form as a means to report these near-miss situations. Location Date Time am pm Please check all appropriate conditions: Unsafe Act Unsafe equipment Unsafe Condition Unsafe use of equipment Description of incident or potential hazard: Employee Signature Date (optional) NEAR MISS INVESTIGATION Description of the near-miss condition: Root Causes (primary & contributing): Corrective action taken (Remove the hazard, replace, repair, or retrain in the proper procedures for the task) Signed Date Completed Not completed for the following reason: Management Date Appendix E Safety Briefing Form S:\Office Mgmt Docs\Health & Safety\Health & Safety Plan Templates\Safety Briefing Form.docx SITE SAFETY BRIEFING FORM JOB NAME NUMBER DATE START TIME COMPLETED SITE LOCATION TYPE OF WORK (GENERAL) SAFETY ISSUES TASK (THIS SHIFT) PROTECTIVE CLOTHING/EQUIPMENT CHEMICAL HAZARDS PHYSICAL HAZARDS CONTROL METHODS SPECIAL EQUIPMENT/TECHNIQUES NEAREST PHONE HOSPITAL NAME/ADDRESS SPECIAL TOPICS (INCIDENTS, ACTIONS TAKEN, ETC.) S:\Office Mgmt Docs\Health & Safety\Health & Safety Plan Templates\Safety Briefing Form.docx ATTENDEES PRINT NAME SIGN NAME MEETING CONDUCTED BY: