HomeMy WebLinkAbout06016_Rad Spec_Final SMP with Appendices 2013.07.18 -DEQ Approval Letter1646 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1646
Phone: 919-707-8200 \ Internet: http://portal.ncdenr.org/web/wm
An Equal Opportunity \ Affirmative Action Employer – 50% Recycled \ 10% Post Consumer Paper
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Division of Waste Management
Pat McCrory Dexter R. Matthews
Governor Director
John E. Skvarla, III
Secretary
July 19, 2013
Sent Via Email
Chad Grubbs, PG
Hart & Hickman, PC
2923 South Tryon Street, Suite 100
Charlotte, NC 28203
CGrubbs@harthickman.com
Subject: Soil Management for “Areas of Known Soil Contamination” Approval
Radiator Specialty
Charlotte, Mecklenburg County
Brownfields Project Number 06016-02-60
Dear Mr. Grubbs:
On July 18, 2013, the North Carolina Brownfields Program received the revised Soil
Management Plan for “Areas of Known Soil Contamination” at the above referenced
brownfields property. For purposes of brownfields agreement compliance with Land Use
Restriction Number 2, this work plan is approved.
Be advised that this approval from the Brownfields Program does not waive any
applicable requirement to obtain any necessary permits, licenses or certifications for the above
listed activities nor does it waive any requirement to comply with applicable law for such
activities. If you have any questions or comments, please contact me at 704/661-0330.
Sincerely,
Carolyn Minnich
Carolyn Minnich
Brownfields Project Manager
Division of Waste Management
ec: Bruce Nicholson, NCDENR
Benne Hutson, bhutson@mcguirewoods.com
Dee Freeman
Secretary
Suttle Avenue, LLC
Brownfields Agreement
Soil Management Plan for
“Areas of Known Soil Contamination”
2001 Suttle Avenue
Charlotte, North Carolina
H&H Job No. BTP-003
July 18, 2013
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Suttle Avenue, LLC
Brownfields Agreement
Soil Management Plan for
“Areas of Known Soil Contamination”
2001 Suttle Avenue
Charlotte, North Carolina
H&H Job No. BTP-003
Table of Contents
1.0 Introduction & Intent ................................................................................................ 1
2.0 Environmental Action Objectives ............................................................................ 2
3.0 Site Conditions ........................................................................................................... 3
3.1 Summary of Redevelopment Considerations........................................................... 4
4.0 Proposed Environmental Actions ............................................................................. 5
4.1 Soil Management in “Areas of Known Contamination” ......................................... 5
4.2 Underground Utilities .............................................................................................. 7
4.3 Discovery of Unanticipated Environmental Conditions .......................................... 8
4.4 Water Management .................................................................................................. 8
4.5 Fill Material ............................................................................................................. 9
4.6 Dust Control ........................................................................................................... 10
4.7 Decontamination and Earth Moving Equipment ................................................... 10
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List of Figures
Figure 1 Site Location Map
Figure 2 Phase 3 Redevelopment Area Map
Figure 3 Preliminary Site Development Plan and Historic Soil Sampling Locations
List of Appendices
Appendix A Historical PCB Soil Analytical Data
Appendix B Historical SVOC Soil Analytical Data
Appendix C Historical VOC Soil Analytical Data
Appendix D Preliminary Grading Plan and Cross-Section
Appendix E Tract F June 2013 PCB Soil Analytical Data and Sample Location Figure
Appendix F Health & Safety Plan
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Suttle Avenue, LLC
Brownfields Agreement
Soil Management Plan for
“Areas of Known Soil Contamination”
2001 Suttle Avenue
Charlotte, North Carolina
H&H Job No. BTP-003
1.0 Introduction & Intent
Previously, the North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources (NCDENR)
and Suttle Avenue, LLC entered into a Brownfields Agreement (BFA) dated February 21, 2011
and filed with the Mecklenburg County Register of Deeds on March 1, 2011 covering the
properties located at 1900 and 2016 Wilkinson Boulevard, and 2000, 2001 and 2120 Suttle
Avenue. A site location map is provided as Figure 1. Suttle Avenue, LLC is planning to
develop the portion of the property located at 2001 Suttle Avenue (which is also referred to as
Tract F in the BFA) and the northern portion of 1900 Wilkinson Boulevard (referred to as
Tract G in the BFA) with the construction of a charter high school, associated structures and
surface parking. Schools are a specifically permitted use under the BFA. Construction is
scheduled to begin in early August 2013.
The purpose of this Soil Management Plan for “Areas of Known Soil Contamination” (the Plan)
is to present the actions which may be necessary as part of this redevelopment to comply with
the requirements of the BFA that apply to portions of the site designated as an “Area of Known
Soil Contamination”.
It is anticipated that this Plan can adequately address most situations that may be encountered
during site redevelopment activities. However, Suttle Avenue, LLC reserves the right to amend
this Plan should conditions arise that were not expected.
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2.0 Environmental Action Objectives
The BFA requires that disturbance of soil in areas denominated “Areas of Known Soil
Contamination,” which includes certain areas on the portion of the site to be developed, requires
pre-approval by NCDENR. These are identified on Figure 3 which presents an overlay of the
preliminary site development plan on a map showing historic sampling locations and areas
designated “Area of Known Soil Contamination.”
The BFA also requires that PCB levels in soil meet the following standards before an area is
used:
In exposed soil areas:
• One (1) part per million to a depth of five (5) feet
• 830 parts per million from a depth of five (5) feet to a maximum depth (at
DENR’s discretion) of up to 14 feet below grade
For areas of the property covered by an impervious surface or hard pervious surface:
• 83 parts per million to a depth of five (5) feet
• 830 parts per million from a depth of five (5) feet to a maximum depth (at
DENR’s discretion) of up to 14 feet below grade
Actions described in this Plan are intended to achieve compliance with these standards.
Actions described in this Plan are also intended to provide conditions which are adequately
protective of construction, utility and other workers and other persons who may be on site during
development activities, with regard to the following potential exposure risks:
• Exposure to contaminated soil – dermal contact; ingestion; or inhalation of contaminated
dust; and
• Exposure to potentially contaminated groundwater – dermal contact; or ingestion.
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3.0 Site Conditions
Historically, soil sampling for PCBs in the proposed development area was conducted in 2002,
September 2007, and December 2007. A total of 79 samples from 53 locations were analyzed
for PCBs. Historical soil boring locations are depicted in Figure 3. A summary table of
analytical results for PCBs is included as Appendix A. Results exceeding the BFA screening
levels for PCBs are identified in the Notice of Brownfields Property, the BFA and the
Brownfields plat.
Summary tables of analytical results for SVOCs and VOCs in the Areas of Known Soil
Contamination are presented in Appendices B and C, respectively.
As noted previously and as illustrated on the cross-section in Appendix D, the redevelopment
area will require significant excavation to lower the existing grade to accommodate the proposed
redevelopment. Based on previous detections of PCBs at levels exceeding BFA screening levels,
additional soil sampling was recently completed to further refine knowledge of the impacts and
to assist decision-making on the final disposition of this material.
In June 2013, 15 additional soil borings were installed and 27 soil samples were collected for
PCB analysis. Soil samples were collected from a range of depths from 1 to 15 feet below grade.
The June 2013 analytical results and sample locations are provided as Table 1 and Figure 1 of
Appendix E, respectively. Results indicate that PCBs were not detected in any of the samples at
concentrations that exceed 83 parts per million. Additionally, none of the ten samples collected
from depths between 10 to 15 feet below grade had PCBs detected at concentrations greater than
1 part per million and most were below laboratory detection limits. Overall, the June 2013
results indicate that PCB impacts in the main “Area of Known Contamination” are at low
concentrations, except for previously identified isolated impacts.
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3.1 Summary of Redevelopment Considerations
Significant grade variations, unconsolidated fill areas, and the existence of non-structural fill
within the redevelopment area will require significant earth moving and soil engineering to
achieve acceptable grades and compaction for the proposed development. Excavated soils will
be utilized to fill areas such as beneath proposed parking lot areas, behind retaining walls, and/or
beneath buildings. Soil placement will be done to meet the BFA standards for PCBs in soil.
Additional details regarding onsite soil placement are discussed in Section 4.1.
Excavation and grading activities may pose ingestion, dermal contact, or dust inhalation
concerns for construction workers and the nearby community during redevelopment activities.
Because of these potential concerns, work conducted as part of the redevelopment will take the
health and safety precautions necessary for safe execution of such work. The chosen contractor
for grading operations will be required to provide a site-specific HSP to inform and ensure the
safety of workers. Additionally, steps will be implemented that are protective of the community
such as dust monitoring and the decontamination of equipment and trucks before they leave the
site. A HSP is provided in Appendix F. The selected contractor may choose to adopt this plan
or prepare a separate plan for its onsite workers. However, the aspects that are protective of the
public must meet or exceed those steps outlined in the HSP included in this document.
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4.0 Proposed Environmental Actions
Suttle Avenue LLC’s proposed plan for Tract F is attached as Figure 3. The figure is overlain
with the following features: (1) locations where soil and/or groundwater samples have been
collected on this portion of the property; (2) the outlines of proposed school buildings and
associated facilities, including associated parking; and (3) areas denoted on the Brownfields plat
as an “Area of Known Soil Contamination.”
The proposed redevelopment is generally comprised of site grading; installation of infrastructure
drainage lines and utilities; earthwork to achieve the desired final grade; landscaping; and
construction of school buildings, associated asphalt and/or concrete surface parking areas and
other hardscape surfaces. The following criteria will be used to direct environmental actions in
the redevelopment area.
4.1 Soil Management in “Areas of Known Contamination”
Due to significant grade variations, unconsolidated fill areas, and the likely existence of non-
structural fill within the Areas of Known Soil Contamination, significant earth moving and soil
engineering must occur to achieve acceptable grades and compaction for redevelopment.
Suttle Avenue LLC plans to excavate approximately 10 feet of material from the main Tract F
Area of Known Soil Contamination to allow construction of school facilities. As discussed with
DENR, these soils will be relocated underneath the proposed parking lot located along the
southern end of the site (refer to Figure 3). Smaller quantities of these soils may be placed in
other areas where fill is needed such as behind retaining walls planned on the western side of the
proposed Phase 2 building (refer to Figures in Appendix D), or underneath site buildings.. In all
instances, this relocated fill will be placed at depths and beneath covers which are consistent with
the criteria for PCBs specified in the BFA. Upon completion of the project, areas where soils
were relocated from areas of known contamination will be surveyed by a licensed surveyor and
the Brownfields plat will be revised.
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Soils will then be re-graded to facilitate the preparation of an area where building can occur on
the property. Specifically, the grading will allow for the construction of parking lots and
building pads to support development of the school buildings and associated surface parking lots.
While re-grading is ongoing, soil engineering may also be performed.
Buried demolition debris and materials that must be removed to facilitate development will be
shaken to remove potentially contaminated dirt, segregated as needed, and disposed or recycled
at an approved facility. After potentially contaminated dirt is shaken off of land clearing debris
to the degree practical with the land clearing equipment, the land clearing debris will be disposed
off-site at an approved LCID (land clearing and inert debris) landfill.
A preliminary version of the grading plan for the site including current and proposed topographic
lines is included in Appendix D.
The following specific actions will be taken in the Areas of Known Soil Contamination:
1) Following re-grading and engineering of soils, the Areas of Known Soil Contamination
where grass or trees will be planted will be covered with two feet of clean fill and five
feet of clean fill respectively, as defined in the BFA. Following re-grading, soils beneath
impervious surfaces (as defined in the BFA) will not contain PCBs in excess of 83 ppm
to a depth of 5 feet. Current sample data in the main Tract F Area of Known Soil
Contamination indicates PCBs below 1 ppm at a depth of 10 - 15 feet. This soil will be 0
– 5 feet below grade after the site is cut to allow construction of the proposed Phase I
building.
A post development confirmation sampling work plan will be submitted and approved by
DENR. The sampling will include collection of confirmation samples only in areas with
exposed soil.
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2) Soil with PCB concentrations exceeding 830 ppm will not be placed on the property if
excavated but instead will be transported off site for proper disposal. In boring F-S-10,
PCBs were detected in 2007 at a concentration of less than 0.43 mg/kg at 2 to 3 feet
below ground surface, and a concentration of 2,600 mg/kg at 4 to 5 feet below ground
surface. As Suttle Avenue LLC has discussed with the Brownfields program, before
earth moving and soil engineering is to be performed in the Tract F Fill Area, soils
exceeding the 830 ppm PCB criteria in the vicinity of Boring F-S-10 will be excavated.
Based on the results of the June 2013 additional sampling, the excavation extent will be
approximately eight (8) feet in length and width and nine (9) feet in depth. The depth of
the excavation shall be measured from the current ground surface. The center of the
excavation shall, as nearly as possible, be the former location of Boring F-S-10.
Excavated soils shall be set aside in a secure area while awaiting analytical data
necessary for off-site disposal. The soil will be placed in a lined roll-off container and
covered with secured plastic sheeting. Following receipt of necessary analytical data, the
soils will be appropriately disposed of at a properly licensed/permitted off-site facility.
Confirmatory sampling of the F-S-10 area will be performed following completion of the
excavation. One five-aliquot sample will be collected from the base and each of the three
sidewalls and analyzed for total PCBs. Because the boring is in close proximity to an
existing steep slope, it is anticipated that only three sidewalls will be created by the
excavation. If laboratory analytical results indicate that the total PCB concentration of a
given sidewall or base sample is in excess of the 830 mg/kg screening level, excavation
of that wall will be advanced laterally an additional 6” to 12” and a new 5-point
composite will be collected and analyzed. This process will continue until all
confirmatory samples are less than 830 ppm for total PCBs.
4.2 Underground Utilities
New buried utility lines (water, natural gas, electrical), storm water drainage lines, sanitary sewer
lines, roof drains, and other constructed subsurface features may be installed in areas of
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contaminated soil. Trench excavations will be backfilled with soil from either on-site or off-site
sources that meets the requirements of the BFA.
4.3 Discovery of Unanticipated Environmental Conditions
If contamination is discovered at the site during redevelopment that is not similar in nature to
impacts identified during initial assessment activities, Suttle Ave, LLC will contact DENR to
discuss the appropriate course of action. Impacted soil may be stockpiled in a secure area on and
covered by plastic sheeting while awaiting characterization analytical results. If any such soil is
a RCRA hazardous waste, it will be excavated for appropriate off-site disposal. While awaiting
necessary data, work will continue at the site. Suspected impacted groundwater may be
containerized pending characterization.
If a container is encountered during site development, it will be removed and disposed of or
recycled at an approved facility in accordance with applicable laws and regulations. Following
removal of the container, the immediate area will be inspected for signs of a release using field
methods. If a release is suspected, DENR will be contacted to discuss the appropriate course of
action.
If an underground tank is discovered during redevelopment, it will be closed in accordance with
applicable laws and regulations.
If buried piping is encountered and must be removed to allow redevelopment to proceed, the
contractor will inspect the pipe for fluids, collect and sample fluids where appropriate, and look
for signs of a release using field methods. If a release is suspected, DENR will be contacted to
discuss the appropriate course of action.
4.4 Water Management
Water generated during construction activities will be managed to prevent exposure or cross
contamination. Based on the depth to groundwater in the vicinity of the proposed construction
activities, it is unlikely that groundwater will be encountered. However, it is possible that
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precipitation events will occur during the construction activities and require appropriate
management. Equipment decontamination water may also be generated during grading
activities.
1) Use of groundwater will be restricted, as required by the BFA.
2) If surface water run-off gathers in an excavation within an Area of Known Soil
Contamination, it will be allowed to evaporate, used for dust control in an Area of
Known Soil Contamination, or tested and properly disposed offsite at a properly licensed
facility.
3) If groundwater accumulates in an open excavation within an Area of Known Soil
Contamination, it will be allowed to evaporate, tested and used for dust control in an
Area of Known Soil Contamination, or tested and disposed of at a properly licensed
facility.
4) Decontamination water (as discussed in Section 4.7) will either be containerized for
offsite disposal or utilized in the Areas of Known Soil Contamination for dust
suppression.
5) Water at the site may be discharged to the City of Charlotte sanitary sewer system, if
approved by the City.
4.5 Fill Material
Fill material will be required to achieve desired grades and to meet the requirements of the BFA
for PCBs in soil. Such fill will be “clean fill” as that term is defined in the BFA.
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4.6 Dust Control
Preventing exposure to airborne contaminants will be addressed during site activities. As such,
on-site personnel shall take precautions to reduce the airborne exposure potential to site
contaminants for both on-site personnel and the public. This will be accomplished by using the
following dust control measures.
Dust will be controlled by keeping site access roads and active work areas damp and by watering
or misting as necessary prior to and during grading activities. A water truck and/or appropriate
water misting equipment will be available, if needed, at the site during work activities that may
produce dust. In addition, the subcontractor may also utilize polyethylene sheeting to protect
exposed soils and mitigate the potential for dust.
If operations generate sustained visible dust, dust monitoring equipment will be utilized. If dust
levels exceed those specified in the HSP (Appendix F), grading activities will cease and
additional safety measures may be implemented.
4.7 Decontamination and Earth Moving Equipment
To protect the neighboring community and to prevent contaminant migration at the site, earth
moving equipment will be decontaminated prior to leaving the Areas of Known Soil
Contamination. The following summarizes the decontamination requirements at the site:
1) In the event that impacted soil needs to be transported off-site for disposal, trucks
transporting impacted material will be lined and covered to prevent spillage of the soil
from the truck during transport. In addition, these trucks will be decontaminated prior to
leaving the site. Two alternatives for decontamination are provided below, depending on
the construction activities:
a. If the trucks remain in non-impacted areas or on clean gravel while they are
loaded, loose materials will be dry brushed from the trucks prior to leaving the
site.
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b. If trucks drive onto the contaminated areas of the site, the tires of the vehicle will
be dry brushed as needed and then pressure washed in a tire wash station to
remove visible soil. The tire wash station will be lined with 10-mil plastic, and
the wash water will be collected in storage containers or drums.
2) Trucks transporting soils across the site and earth moving equipment such as excavators
or dozers will likely be in direct contact with impacted soils. This equipment must be
decontaminated if it leaves a contaminated area of the site or prior to being mobilized off-
site. Decontamination for this equipment will include dry brushing/scraping techniques
and pressure washing in a decontamination area to remove visible soil. The
decontamination area will be lined with 10-mil plastic, and the wash water will be
collected in storage containers or drums. Decontamination for these trucks and
equipment will include any area of the vehicle or equipment which came into direct
contact with soils or visible dust including, but not limited to, dump truck beds and sides,
equipment buckets, and tracks and/or tires. Decontamination activities can be minimized
by limiting only essential equipment in the contaminated area and not removing
equipment from the contaminated area until all grading work within contaminated areas
is complete.
3) Equipment utilized to place clean fill will be previously decontaminated equipment or
equipment not previously utilized in a contaminated area.
4) Decontamination waste will be managed appropriately. Soils generated will either be
containerized and shipped off-site after profiling or they will be placed on-site in a
manner that complies with the BFA. Wash water generated will be either be
containerized and manifested for off-site shipment, discharged to the City’s sanitary
sewer (if approved by the City) or it will be utilized for dust control in contaminated
areas.
SITE
0 2000 4000
APPROXIMATE
SCALE IN FEET
N
U.S.G.S. QUADRANGLE MAPS
QUADRANGLE
7.5 MINUTE SERIES (TOPOGRAPHIC)
TITLE
PROJECT
SITE LOCATION MAP
BRYANT PARK
REDEVELOPMENT AREA 3
CHARLOTTE, NORTH CAROLINA
DATE:
JOB NO:
REVISION NO:
FIGURE:
06/27/2013 0
1 BTP-003
2923 S. Tryon Street, Suite 100 Charlotte, NC 28203
704.586.0007(p) 704.586.0373(f)
CHARLOTTE WEST, NC 1993
PHOTOREVISED: NO
CHARLOTTE EAST, NC 1967
PHOTOREVISED: 1988
Appendix A
Historical PCB Soil Analytical Data
Appendix AHistorical PCB Soil Analytical DataProposed Redevelopment Area(Page 1 of 4)H&H Job No. BTP-003Area of Concern Boring ID TP-7 TP-8 F-1 F-2Date Collected 4/22/2002 4/22/2002 5/17/20025/17/2002 6/11/2002 6/11/2002 6/11/2002 6/11/2002 6/11/2002 6/11/2002 9/5/2007 9/5/2007 9/5/2007 9/5/2007 9/5/2007 9/5/2007 9/5/2007 9/5/2007 9/5/2007 9/5/2007Boring Depth (ft) 774430303035353520202020202020202020Sample Depth (ft) 7 7 3-4 3-4 3.5-5 8.5-10 13.5-15 6-8 13-15 18-20 2-3 6-7 15-16 2-3 6-7 2-3 6-7 15-16 2-3 6-7PCBs (Method 8082)PCB-1242 (mg/kg) 180.00 36.00 18.00 2.30 1.2 *<0.05 <0.05310.00 0.80 0.12 0.30<0.473.70 98.00 1.40 4.00 0.23 1.50 45.00<0.061NotesAll units in mg/kgData includes Results of Site Assessment Activities (H&H, August 19, 2002); Supplemental Soil Sampling Activities (H&H, February 20, 2008); and Additional Soil Sampling Activities (Tract F) (H&H, November 3, 2008)*Arochlor 1242 was not detected but Arochlor 1254 was detected at a concentration of 1.2 mg/kg for B-1 (3.5-5') on 6/11/02Samples reflected in this table are in "Areas of Known Soil Contamination" for the proposed redevlopment area.Tract F Wooded AreaB-1 B-2 F-S-1 F-S-4Tract F Fill AreaF-S-5 F-S-6S:\AAA-Master Projects\Bryant Park (BTP-003) Tract F Update 2013\EAP Addendum\Revised Documents\Appendicies A-C & E.xlsx7/3/2013Appendix A (Page 1 of 4)Historical PCB Soil Analytical DataHart & Hickman, PC
Appendix AHistorical PCB Soil Analytical DataProposed Redevelopment Area(Page 2 of 4)H&H Job No. BTP-003Area of Concern Boring IDDate CollectedBoring Depth (ft)Sample Depth (ft)PCBs (Method 8082)PCB-1242 (mg/kg)9/5/2007 9/5/2007 9/5/2007 9/5/2007 9/5/2007 9/6/2007 9/6/2007 9/6/2007 9/6/2007 9/6/20079/6/2007 9/6/2007 9/6/2007 9/6/2007 9/6/2007 9/6/2007 9/7/2007 9/7/2007 9/7/200720 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 202-3 4-5 2-3 6-7 16-17 2-3 6-7 2-3 6-7 19-20 2-3 6-7 17-18 2-3 6-7 14-15 2-3 6-7 15-16<0.432,600.00 10.00 5.60 0.13 19.00 1.90 2.60 0.24 0.54 13.00 0.16 0.71 0.11 28.00 0.35 4.80 12.00 2.30NotesAll units in mg/kgData includes Results of Site Assessment Activities (H&H, August 19, 2002); Supplemental Soil Sampling Activities (H&H, February 20, 2008); and Additional Soil Sampling Activities (Tract F) (H&H, November 3, 2008)*Arochlor 1242 was not detected but Arochlor 1254 was detected at a concentration of 1.2 mg/kg for B-1 (3.5-5') on 6/11/02Samples reflected in this table are in "Areas of Known Soil Contamination" for the proposed redevlopment area.F-S-10 F-S-11F-S-13 F-S-15Tract F Fill AreaF-S-17 F-S-20 F-S-23S:\AAA-Master Projects\Bryant Park (BTP-003) Tract F Update 2013\EAP Addendum\Revised Documents\Appendicies A-C & E.xlsx7/3/2013Appendix A (Page 2 of 4)Historical PCB Soil Analytical DataHart & Hickman, PC
Appendix AHistorical PCB Soil Analytical DataProposed Redevelopment Area(Page 3 of 4)H&H Job No. BTP-003Area of Concern Boring IDDate CollectedBoring Depth (ft)Sample Depth (ft)PCBs (Method 8082)PCB-1242 (mg/kg)F-HA-119/7/2007 9/7/2007 9/7/2007 9/7/2007 9/7/2007 9/7/2007 9/7/2007 9/7/2007 9/7/2007 9/7/20079/7/2007 12/14/2007 12/14/2007 12/14/2007 12/14/2007 12/14/20072020202020202020202020444442-3 7-8 17-18 2-3 6-7 12-13 2-3 6-7 2-3 9-10 15-16 0-1 3-4 0-1 0-1 3-40.47 10.00<0.515.40 0.17 0.71 5.300.11 0.15 5.40 1.60<0.48 <0.45 <0.45 <0.45 <0.43NotesAll units in mg/kgData includes Results of Site Assessment Activities (H&H, August 19, 2002); Supplemental Soil Sampling Activities (H&H, February 20, 2008); and Additional Soil Sampling Activities (Tract F) (H&H, November 3, 2008)*Arochlor 1242 was not detected but Arochlor 1254 was detected at a concentration of 1.2 mg/kg for B-1 (3.5-5') on 6/11/02Samples reflected in this table are in "Areas of Known Soil Contamination" for the proposed redevlopment area.F-HA-12Tract F Wooded AreaTract F Fill AreaF-HA-7F-S-28 F-S-29F-S-25 F-S-27S:\AAA-Master Projects\Bryant Park (BTP-003) Tract F Update 2013\EAP Addendum\Revised Documents\Appendicies A-C & E.xlsx7/3/2013Appendix A (Page 3 of 4)Historical PCB Soil Analytical DataHart & Hickman, PC
Appendix AHistorical PCB Soil Analytical DataProposed Redevelopment Area(Page 4 of 4)H&H Job No. BTP-003Area of Concern Boring IDDate CollectedBoring Depth (ft)Sample Depth (ft)PCBs (Method 8082)PCB-1242 (mg/kg)G-B8-AST-3G-B9-UST-2 G-ED-1 G-ED-5 G-ED-10 G-FS-2 G-FS-2(A) G-FS-3 G-ND-3 G-ND-3A(D) G-ND-111/22/2002 4/11/2002 4/11/20024/11/2002 4/11/2002 1/9/20071/9/2007 1/22/2002 1/24/20024/15/2002 4/15/2002 4/15/20024/15/2002 4/15/2002 4/15/2002 1/25/2002 4/11/2002 4/11/2002 1/22/2002 1/22/2002 4/11/20021212121212 4 4 1012 8 12121212121210 4 1212126-8 2-4 10-12 2-4 8-10 1-2 3-4 8-10 6-10 2-4 2-4 6-10 2-4 8-10 2-4 0-4 8-10 2-4 2-6 2-6 2-4NA NA NA NA NA <0.0614.60NA<0.05NANANANANA15.00<0.50 NA NA <50 <50 NANotesAll units in mg/kgData includes Results of Site Assessment Activities (H&H, August 19, 2002); Supplemental Soil Sampling Activities (H&H, February 20, 2008); and Additional Soil Sampling Activities (Tract F) (H&H, November 3, 2008)*Arochlor 1242 was not detected but Arochlor 1254 was detected at a concentration of 1.2 mg/kg for B-1 (3.5-5') on 6/11/02Samples reflected in this table are in "Areas of Known Soil Contamination" for the proposed redevlopment area.G-B8-AST-3(A) G-B8-AST-4 G-B8-OF-2 G-ED-7 G-ED-9Tract GS:\AAA-Master Projects\Bryant Park (BTP-003) Tract F Update 2013\EAP Addendum\Revised Documents\Appendicies A-C & E.xlsx7/3/2013Appendix A (Page 4 of 4)Historical PCB Soil Analytical DataHart & Hickman, PC
Appendix B
Historical SVOC Soil Analytical Data
Appendix BHistorical SVOC Soil Analytical DataProposed Redevelopment Area(Page 1 of 4)H&H Job No. BTP-003Area of Concern Boring ID TP-7 TP-8 F-1 F-2Date Collected 4/22/2002 4/22/2002 5/17/2002 5/17/2002 6/11/2002 6/11/2002 6/11/2002 6/11/2002 6/11/2002 6/11/2002 9/5/2007 9/5/2007 9/5/2007 9/5/2007 9/5/2007 9/5/2007 9/5/2007 9/5/2007 9/5/2007 9/5/2007Boring Depth (ft)774430303035353520202020202020202020Sample Depth (ft) 7 7 3-4 3-4 3.5-5 8.5-10 13.5-15 6-8 13-15 18-20 2-3 6-7 15-16 2-3 6-7 2-3 6-7 15-16 2-3 6-7Semi-VOCs (Method 8270)Acenaphthene<0.400 <0.350 NA NA <1.9 <0.390 <0.410 <4.00 <2.00 <0.410 <3.8 <0.38 <0.37 <0.37 <0.38 <0.360.91<0.36 <0.40 <0.40Acenaphthylene<0.400 <0.350 NA NA <1.9 <0.390 <0.410 <4.00 <2.00 <0.410 <3.8 <0.38 <0.37 <0.37 <0.38 <0.36 <0.38 <0.36 <0.40 <0.40Anthracene<0.4000.66NA NA <1.9 <0.390 <0.410 <4.00 <2.00 <0.410 <3.8 <0.38 <0.370.41<0.38 <0.361.8<0.360.71<0.40Benzo(a)anthracene 0.46 1.20NA NA2.00<0.390 <0.410 <4.00 <2.00 <0.4105.90<0.38 <0.370.53<0.38 <0.365.1<0.361.20<0.40Benzo(b)fluoranthene 0.68 1.70NA NA <1.9 <0.390 <0.410 <4.00 <2.00 <0.4105.40<0.38 <0.371.60 0.39<0.365 0.54 1.70<0.40Benzo(k)fluoranthene 0.64 1.60NA NA <1.9 <0.390 <0.410 <4.00 <2.00 <0.4104.60<0.38 <0.370.92<0.38 <0.364 0.41 1.40<0.40Benzo(a)pyrene 0.77 2.00NA NA <1.9 <0.390 <0.410 <4.00 <2.00 <0.4104.90<0.38 <0.371.10<0.38 <0.363 0.37 2.10<0.40Benzo(ghi)perylene 0.76 1.60NA NA <1.9 <0.390 <0.410 <4.00 <2.00 <0.410 <3.8 <0.38 <0.371.20<0.38 <0.362.90<0.361.60<0.40Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate<0.400 <0.350 NA NA <1.9 <0.390 <0.410 <4.00 <2.00 <0.410 NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.38 NA NA NAButyl Benzylphthalate<0.400 <0.350 NA NA <1.9 <0.390 <0.410 <4.00 <2.00 <0.410 NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.38 NA NA NAChrysene 0.50 1.30NA NA2.00<0.390 <0.410 <4.00 <2.00 <0.4105.80<0.38 <0.370.53<0.38 <0.365.10<0.361.10<0.40Dibenzo(ah)anthracene<0.4000.41NA NA <1.9 <0.390 <0.410 <4.00 <2.00 <0.410 <3.8 <0.38 <0.370.46<0.38 <0.361.2<0.360.64<0.40Dibenzofuran<0.400 <0.350 NA NA <1.9 <0.390 <0.410 <4.00 <2.00 <0.410 NA NA NA NA NA NA0.63NA NA NA1,2-Dichlorobenzene 1.20<0.350 NA NA <1.9 <0.390 <0.410 <4.00 <2.00 <0.410 NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.38 NA NA NA1,3-Dichlorobenzene<0.400 <0.350 NA NA <1.9 <0.390 <0.410 <4.00 <2.00 <0.410 NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.38 NA NA NA1,4-Dichlorobenzene<0.400 <0.350 NA NA <1.9 <0.390 <0.410 <4.00 <2.00 <0.410 NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.38 NA NA NAFluoranthene 1.00 2.90NA NA3.70 0.52<0.410 <4.00 <2.00 <0.41011.00<0.38 <0.37 <0.37 <0.38 <0.3611 0.86 4.60<0.40Fluorene<0.400 <0.350 NA NA <1.9 <0.390 <0.410 <4.00 <2.00 <0.410 <3.8 <0.38 <0.37 <0.37 <0.38 <0.360.95<0.36 <0.40 <0.40Di-N-Octylphthalate<0.400 <0.350 NA NA <1.9 <0.390 <0.410 <4.00 <2.00 <0.410 NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.38 NA NA NAIndeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene 0.66 1.70NA NA <1.9 <0.390 <0.410 <4.00 <2.00 <0.410 <3.8 <0.38 <0.371.30<0.38 <0.363 0.45 1.90<0.402-Methyl Naphthalene 0.71<0.350 NA NA <1.9 <0.390 <0.410 <4.00 <2.00 <0.410 <3.8 <0.38 <0.370.48<0.38 <0.36 <0.38 <0.36 <0.40 <0.40Naphthalene 1.40 0.54NA NA <1.9 <0.390 <0.410 <4.00 <2.00 <0.410 <3.8 <0.38 <0.371.60<0.38 <0.360.75<0.360.42<0.40Phenanthrene 1.00 3.20NA NA2.20 0.43<0.410 <4.00 <2.00 <0.4108.20<0.38 <0.371.90<0.38 <0.3610 0.82 3.20<0.40Pyrene 1.30 3.20NA NA2.40<0.390 <0.410 <4.00 <2.00 <0.4107.10<0.38 <0.37 <0.370.60<0.368 1.20 4.10<0.401,2,4-Trichlorobenzene<0.400 <0.350 NANA<1.9 <0.390 <0.410 <4.00 <2.00 <0.410 NANANANANANA<0.38 NANANANotesAll units in mg/kg. Only select compounds shown in above table. NA=Not analyzedData includes Results of Site Assessment Activities (H&H, August 19, 2002); Supplemental Soil Sampling Activities (H&H, February 20, 2008); and Additional Soil Sampling Activities (Tract F) (H&H, November 3, 2008)Samples reflected in this table are in "Areas of Known Soil Contamination" for the proposed redevlopment area.Tract F Wooded AreaTract F Fill AreaF-S-6B-1 B-2 F-S-1 F-S-4 F-S-5S:\AAA-Master Projects\Bryant Park (BTP-003) Tract F Update 2013\EAP Addendum\Revised Documents\Appendicies A-C & E.xlsx7/3/2013Appendix B (Page 1 of 4)Historical SVOC Soil Analytical DataHart & Hickman, PC
Appendix BHistorical SVOC Soil Analytical DataProposed Redevelopment Area(Page 2 of 4)H&H Job No. BTP-003Area of Concern Boring IDDate CollectedBoring Depth (ft)Sample Depth (ft)Semi-VOCs (Method 8270)AcenaphtheneAcenaphthyleneAnthraceneBenzo(a)anthraceneBenzo(b)fluorantheneBenzo(k)fluorantheneBenzo(a)pyreneBenzo(ghi)peryleneBis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalateButyl BenzylphthalateChryseneDibenzo(ah)anthraceneDibenzofuran1,2-Dichlorobenzene1,3-Dichlorobenzene1,4-DichlorobenzeneFluorantheneFluoreneDi-N-OctylphthalateIndeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene2-Methyl NaphthaleneNaphthalenePhenanthrenePyrene1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene9/5/2007 9/5/2007 9/5/2007 9/5/2007 9/5/2007 9/6/2007 9/6/2007 9/6/2007 9/6/2007 9/6/2007 9/6/2007 9/6/2007 9/6/2007 9/6/2007 9/6/2007 9/6/2007 9/7/2007 9/7/2007 9/7/200720 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 202-3 4-5 2-3 6-7 16-17 2-3 6-7 2-3 6-7 19-20 2-3 6-7 17-18 2-3 6-7 14-15 2-3 6-7 15-16<0.35 <2.0 <0.36 <2.0 <0.40 <0.37 <0.38 <0.36 <0.40 <0.41 <0.38 <0.39 <0.44 <0.40 <0.36 <0.39 <0.38 <0.8 <0.40<0.35 <2.0 <0.36 <2.0 <0.40 <0.37 <0.38 <0.36 <0.40 <0.41 <0.38 <0.39 <0.44 <0.40 <0.36 <0.39 <0.74 <0.8 <0.42<0.35 <2.0 <0.36 <2.0 <0.400.61<0.38 <0.36 <0.40 <0.41 <0.38 <0.39 <0.44 <0.40 <0.36 <0.39 <0.74 <0.8 <0.42<0.35 <2.00.65 3.80<0.400.71<0.38 <0.360.65 0.55 1.00<0.39 <0.44 <0.400.37 0.60<0.741.20<0.42<0.35 <2.01.30 4.00<0.401.00<0.38 <0.360.98 0.67 1.20<0.39 <0.44 <0.400.62 0.57<0.741.10<0.42<0.35 <2.01.00 4.10<0.400.81<0.38 <0.360.98 0.45 0.74<0.39 <0.44 <0.400.44<0.39 <0.74 <0.8 <0.42<0.35 <2.00.86 3.00<0.400.75<0.38 <0.360.92 0.60<0.38 <0.39 <0.44 <0.400.53 0.49<0.740.99<0.42<0.35 <2.00.74 2.10<0.400.70<0.38 <0.360.87<0.410.60<0.39 <0.44 <0.40 <0.36 <0.39 <0.74 <0.8 <0.42NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.41 NA NA NA NA NA <0.39 NA1.30NANA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.41 NA NA NA NA NA <0.39 NA <0.8 NA<0.35 <2.00.66 4.10<0.400.66<0.38 <0.360.71 0.55 1.00<0.39 <0.44 <0.400.38 0.58<0.741.30<0.42<0.35 <2.0 <0.36 <2.0 <0.40 <0.37 <0.38 <0.36 <0.40 <0.41 <0.38 <0.39 <0.44 <0.40 <0.36 <0.39 <0.74 <0.8 <0.42NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.41 NA NA NA NA NA <0.39 NA <0.8 NANA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.41 NA NA NA NA NA <0.39 NA1.40NANA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.41 NA NA NA NA NA <0.39 NA <0.8 NANA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.41 NA NA NA NA NA <0.39 NA <0.8 NA<0.35 <2.01.60 9.60<0.402.20<0.38 <0.361.70 1.40 1.80<0.39 <0.44 <0.400.86 1.10 1.20 2.40<0.42<0.35 <2.0 <0.36 <2.0 <0.40 <0.37 <0.38 <0.36 <0.40 <0.41 <0.38 <0.39 <0.44 <0.40 <0.36 <0.39 <0.74 <0.8 <0.42NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.41 NA NA NA NA NA <0.39 NA <0.8 NA<0.35 <2.00.99 2.20<0.400.92<0.38 <0.361.10<0.410.70<0.39 <0.44 <0.400.40<0.39 <0.740.81<0.42<0.35 <2.0 <0.36 <2.0 <0.40 <0.37 <0.38 <0.36 <0.40 <0.41 <0.38 <0.39 <0.44 <0.40 <0.36 <0.39 <0.740.88<0.42<0.35 <2.0 <0.36 <2.0 <0.40 <0.37 <0.38 <0.36 <0.40 <0.41 <0.38 <0.39 <0.44 <0.400.65<0.39 <0.74 <0.8 <0.42<0.35 <2.01.60 4.40<0.402.60<0.38 <0.361.00 1.00 0.97<0.39 <0.44 <0.400.48 0.45<0.741.70<0.42<0.35 <2.02.20 13.00<0.403.10 0.56 0.42 2.50 0.92 1.70<0.39 <0.44 <0.401.10 0.86 1.00 1.70<0.42NANANANANANANANANA<0.41 NANANANANA<0.39 NA<0.8 NANotesAll units in mg/kg. Only select compounds shown in above table. NA=Not analyzedData includes Results of Site Assessment Activities (H&H, August 19, 2002); Supplemental Soil Sampling Activities (H&H, February 20, 2008); and Additional Soil Sampling Activities (Tract F) (H&H, November 3, 2008)Samples reflected in this table are in "Areas of Known Soil Contamination" for the proposed redevlopment area.Tract F Fill AreaF-S-17 F-S-20F-S-10 F-S-11F-S-23F-S-13 F-S-15S:\AAA-Master Projects\Bryant Park (BTP-003) Tract F Update 2013\EAP Addendum\Revised Documents\Appendicies A-C & E.xlsx7/3/2013Appendix B (Page 2 of 4)Historical SVOC Soil Analytical DataHart & Hickman, PC
Appendix BHistorical SVOC Soil Analytical DataProposed Redevelopment Area(Page 3 of 4)H&H Job No. BTP-003Area of Concern Boring IDDate CollectedBoring Depth (ft)Sample Depth (ft)Semi-VOCs (Method 8270)AcenaphtheneAcenaphthyleneAnthraceneBenzo(a)anthraceneBenzo(b)fluorantheneBenzo(k)fluorantheneBenzo(a)pyreneBenzo(ghi)peryleneBis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalateButyl BenzylphthalateChryseneDibenzo(ah)anthraceneDibenzofuran1,2-Dichlorobenzene1,3-Dichlorobenzene1,4-DichlorobenzeneFluorantheneFluoreneDi-N-OctylphthalateIndeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene2-Methyl NaphthaleneNaphthalenePhenanthrenePyrene1,2,4-TrichlorobenzeneF-HA-119/7/2007 9/7/2007 9/7/2007 9/7/2007 9/7/2007 9/7/2007 9/7/2007 9/7/2007 9/7/2007 9/7/2007 9/7/2007 12/14/2007 12/14/2007 12/14/2007 12/14/2007 12/14/200720202020202020202020204444 42-3 7-8 17-18 2-3 6-7 12-13 2-3 6-7 2-3 9-10 15-16 0-1 3-4 0-1 0-1 3-4<0.430.46<0.45 <0.46 <0.47 <0.41 <0.49 <0.50 <0.51 <28 <0.4 <0.63 <0.64 <0.69 <0.70 <0.71<0.38 <0.37 <0.42 <0.36 <0.40 <0.41 <0.39 <0.40 <0.38 <28 <0.4 NA NA NA NA NA<0.380.63<0.42 <0.36 <0.40 <0.41 <0.39 <0.40 <0.38 <28 <0.48.10<0.370.95<0.37 <0.35<0.381.60<0.420.42<0.40 <0.41 <0.391.20 0.68<28 <0.416.00<0.374.20 0.48<0.35<0.381.50<0.420.41<0.40 <0.41 <0.390.97 0.66<28 <0.412.00<0.373.80 0.53<0.35<0.381.00<0.42 <0.36 <0.40 <0.41 <0.390.86 0.60<280.42 15.00<0.374.40 0.61<0.35<0.381.20<0.420.38<0.40 <0.41 <0.390.93 0.43<280.41 12.00<0.372.40 0.43<0.35<0.380.52<0.42 <0.36 <0.40 <0.41 <0.390.43<0.38 <28 <0.40.40<0.37 <0.37 <0.37 <0.35NA0.52NA NA NA <0.41 NA NA NA <28 <0.4 NA NA NA NA NANA <0.37 NA NA NA <0.41 NA NA NA <28 <0.4 NA NA NA NA NA<0.381.60<0.420.44<0.40 <0.41 <0.391.20 0.78<28 <0.417.00<0.374.10 0.53<0.35<0.38 <0.37 <0.42 <0.36 <0.40 <0.41 <0.39 <0.40 <0.38 <28 <0.4 <0.39 <0.37 <0.37 <0.37 <0.35NA <0.37 NA NA NA <0.41 NA NA NA <28 <0.4 NA NA NA NA NANA0.69NA NA NA <0.41 NA NA NA <28 <0.4 NA NA NA NA NANA <0.37 NA NA NA <0.41 NA NA NA <28 <0.4 NA NA NA NA NANA <0.37 NA NA NA <0.41 NA NA NA <28 <0.4 NA NA NA NA NA<0.383.50<0.420.75 0.68 0.64 0.54 2.60 2.10<281.10 33.00 0.46 9.20 0.73<0.35<0.380.45<0.42 <0.36 <0.40 <0.41 <0.39 <0.40 <0.38 <28 <0.42.20<0.370.39<0.37 <0.35NA <0.37 NA NA NA <0.41 NA NA NA <28 <0.4 NA NA NA NA NA<0.380.66<0.42 <0.36 <0.40 <0.41 <0.390.54 0.52<28 <0.42.30<0.37 <0.37 <0.37 <0.35<0.383.50<0.42 <0.36 <0.40 <0.41 <0.39 <0.40 <0.38 <28 <0.40.43<0.37 <0.37 <0.37 <0.35<0.381.60<0.42 <0.36 <0.40 <0.41 <0.39 <0.40 <0.38 <28 <0.4 <0.39 <0.37 <0.37 <0.37 <0.35<0.383.00<0.420.52<0.400.58<0.391.60 1.30<280.91 25.00<0.373.90<0.37 <0.35<0.382.20<0.420.70 0.54<0.410.47 1.90 1.50<281.00 25.00<0.378.70 0.68<0.35NA<0.37 NANANA<0.41 NANANA<28 <0.4 NANANANANANotesAll units in mg/kg. Only select compounds shown in above table. NA=Not analyzedData includes Results of Site Assessment Activities (H&H, August 19, 2002); Supplemental Soil Sampling Activities (H&H, February 20, 2008); and Additional Soil Sampling Activities (Tract F) (H&H, November 3, 2008)Samples reflected in this table are in "Areas of Known Soil Contamination" for the proposed redevlopment area.F-S-29F-HA-12Tract F Fill AreaF-S-25 F-S-27 F-S-28Tract F Wooded AreaF-HA-7S:\AAA-Master Projects\Bryant Park (BTP-003) Tract F Update 2013\EAP Addendum\Revised Documents\Appendicies A-C & E.xlsx7/3/2013Appendix B (Page 3 of 4)Historical SVOC Soil Analytical DataHart & Hickman, PC
Appendix BHistorical SVOC Soil Analytical DataProposed Redevelopment Area(Page 4 of 4)H&H Job No. BTP-003Area of Concern Boring IDDate CollectedBoring Depth (ft)Sample Depth (ft)Semi-VOCs (Method 8270)AcenaphtheneAcenaphthyleneAnthraceneBenzo(a)anthraceneBenzo(b)fluorantheneBenzo(k)fluorantheneBenzo(a)pyreneBenzo(ghi)peryleneBis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalateButyl BenzylphthalateChryseneDibenzo(ah)anthraceneDibenzofuran1,2-Dichlorobenzene1,3-Dichlorobenzene1,4-DichlorobenzeneFluorantheneFluoreneDi-N-OctylphthalateIndeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene2-Methyl NaphthaleneNaphthalenePhenanthrenePyrene1,2,4-TrichlorobenzeneG-B8-AST-3G-B9-UST-2 G-ED-1 G-ED-5G-ED-10 G-FS-2 G-FS-2(A) G-FS-3 G-ND-3 G-ND-3A(D) G-ND-111/22/2002 4/11/2002 4/11/2002 4/11/2002 4/11/2002 1/9/2007 1/9/2007 1/22/2002 1/24/2002 4/15/2002 4/15/2002 4/15/2002 4/15/2002 4/15/2002 4/15/2002 1/25/2002 4/11/2002 4/11/2002 1/22/2002 1/22/2002 4/11/200212 12 12 12 12 4 4 10 12 8 12 12 12 12 12 12 10 4 12 12 126-8 2-4 10-12 2-4 8-10 1-2 3-4 8-10 6-10 2-4 2-4 6-10 2-4 8-10 2-4 0-4 8-10 2-4 2-6 2-6 2-4<0.400 <0.410 <0.410 <0.420 <0.420 NA NA <0.410 <0.440 <0.3900.79<0.44012.00 0.66<0.410 <430 <0.380 <0.420 <0.430 <2.100 <0.400<0.400 <0.410 <0.410 <0.420 <0.420 NA NA <0.410 <0.440 <0.390 <0.430 <0.440 <4.1 <0.360 <0.4100.76<0.380 <0.420 <0.430 <2.100 <0.400<0.400 NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.410 <0.440 <0.3903.30<0.44021.00 0.96<0.4108.30<0.380 <0.420 <0.430 <2.100 NA<0.400 <0.410 <0.4100.82<0.420 NA NA0.47 0.54<0.39017.00<0.44041.00 1.80<0.41011.00<0.380 <0.420 <0.430 <2.100 <0.400<0.400 <0.410 <0.4100.75<0.420 NA NA0.45 0.54<0.39012.00<0.44035.00 1.50<0.4109.70<0.3800.78<0.430 <2.100 <0.400<0.400 <0.410 <0.4100.71<0.420 NA NA0.41 0.69<0.3904.00<0.44023.00 1.10<0.41010.00<0.3800.72<0.430 <2.100 <0.400<0.400 <0.410 <0.4101.00<0.420 NA NA0.42 0.78 0.44 9.00<0.44042.00 1.50<0.41011.00<0.380 <0.420 <0.430 <2.100 <0.400<0.400 <0.410 <0.4100.44<0.420 NA NA <0.4101.40<0.3903.50<0.44031.00 1.00<0.4105.70<0.380 <0.420 <0.430 <2.100 <0.400210.00<0.410 <0.4105.10 2.70 200.00 23.00 2.10 1.60<0.390 <0.430 <0.440 <4.10.99<0.410 <430 NA NA <0.4302.20 860.000.48<0.410 <0.410 <0.420 <0.420 NA NA <0.410 <0.440 <0.390 <0.430 <0.440 <4.1 <0.360 <0.410 <430 NA NA <0.430 <2.100 <0.400<0.400 <0.410 <0.4100.86<0.420 NA NA0.47 0.56<0.39016.00<0.44043.00 1.80<0.4109.80<0.380 <0.420 <0.430 <2.100 <0.400<0.400 <0.410 <0.410 <0.420 <0.420 NA NA <0.410 <0.440 <0.3901.70<0.44012.00 0.44<0.4101.20<0.380 <0.420 <0.430 <2.100 <0.400<0.400 NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.410 <0.440 <0.3900.98<0.4406.70 0.46<0.4102.20NA NA <0.430 <2.100 NA<0.400 <0.410 <0.410 <0.420 <0.420 NA NA <0.410 <0.440 <0.390 <0.430 <0.440 <4.1 <0.360 <0.410 <430 NA NA1.20 0.79<0.400<0.400 <0.410 <0.410 <0.420 <0.420 NA NA <0.410 <0.440 <0.390 <0.430 <0.440 <4.1 <0.360 <0.410 <430 NA NA <0.430 <2.100 <0.400<0.400 <0.410 <0.410 <0.420 <0.420 NA NA <0.410 <0.440 <0.390 <0.430 <0.440 <4.1 <0.360 <0.410 <430 NA NA <0.430 <2.100 <0.400<0.400 <0.410 <0.4102.40<0.420 NA NA0.68 1.30 0.53 28.00<0.44078.00 3.80<0.41030.00<0.3800.74<0.430 <2.100 <0.400<0.400 <0.410 <0.410 <0.420 <0.420 NA NA <0.410 <0.440 <0.3901.50<0.44012.00 0.68<0.4101.00<0.380 <0.420 <0.430 <2.100 <0.400<0.400 <0.410 <0.410 <0.4202.00NA NA <0.410 <0.440 <0.390 <0.430 <0.440 <4.1 <0.360 <0.410 <430 NA NA36.00<2.100 <0.400<0.400 <0.410 <0.4100.42<0.420 NA NA <0.4100.74<0.3903.90<0.44027.00 1.00<0.4106.00<0.380 <0.420 <0.430 <2.100 <0.400<0.400 NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.410 <0.440 <0.390 <0.430 <0.440 <4.1 <0.360 <0.410 <430 <0.380 <0.4200.56<2.100 NA<0.400 <0.410 <0.410 <0.420 <0.420 NA NA <0.410 <0.440 <0.3900.57<0.440 <4.1 <0.360 <0.410 <430 <0.380 <0.420 <0.430 <2.100 <0.400<0.400 <0.410 <0.4102.70<0.420 NA NA <0.4101.30<0.39019.00<0.440110.00 5.40<0.41042.00<0.3800.52<0.430 <2.100 <0.400<0.400 <0.410 <0.4103.30<0.420 NA NA0.56 1.80 0.49 14.00<0.44071.00 2.80<0.41029.00<0.3800.74<0.430 <2.100 <0.400<0.400 <0.410 <0.410 <0.420 <0.420 NANA<0.410 <0.440 <0.390 <0.430 <0.440 <4.1 <0.360 <0.410 <0.430 NANA<0.430 <2.100 <0.400NotesAll units in mg/kg. Only select compounds shown in above table. NA=Not analyzedData includes Results of Site Assessment Activities (H&H, August 19, 2002); Supplemental Soil Sampling Activities (H&H, February 20, 2008); and Additional Soil Sampling Activities (Tract F) (H&H, November 3, 2008)Samples reflected in this table are in "Areas of Known Soil Contamination" for the proposed redevlopment area.G-B8-AST-4 G-B8-OF-2G-ED-7 G-ED-9Tract GG-B8-AST-3(A)S:\AAA-Master Projects\Bryant Park (BTP-003) Tract F Update 2013\EAP Addendum\Revised Documents\Appendicies A-C & E.xlsx7/3/2013Appendix B (Page 4 of 4)Historical SVOC Soil Analytical DataHart & Hickman, PC
Appendix C
Historical VOC Soil Analytical Data
Appendix CHistorical VOC Soil Analytical DataProposed Redevelopment Area(Page 1 of 4)H&H Job No. BTP-003Area of Concern Boring ID TP-7 TP-8 F-1 F-2Date Collected 4/22/2002 4/22/2002 5/17/2002 5/17/2002 6/11/2002 6/11/2002 6/11/2002 6/11/2002 6/11/2002 6/11/2002 9/5/2007 9/5/2007 9/5/2007 9/5/2007 9/5/2007 9/5/2007 9/5/2007 9/5/2007 9/5/2007 9/5/2007Boring Depth (ft)774430303035353520202020202020202020Sample Depth (ft) 7 7 3-4 3-4 3.5-5 8.5-10 13.5-15 6-8 13-15 18-20 2-3 6-7 15-16 2-3 6-7 2-3 6-7 15-16 2-3 6-7Volatile Organic Compounds (Method 8260)Benzene<0.006 <0.005 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA0.0053NA NA NAN-Butylbenzene<0.006 <0.005 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.019 NA NA NASec-Butylbenzene<0.006 <0.005 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.019 NA NA NAChlorobenzene<0.006 <0.005 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.0064 NA NA NA2-Chlorotoluene<0.006 <0.005 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.013 NA NA NA4-Chlorotoluene<0.006 <0.005 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.013 NA NA NA1,2-Dichlorobenzene<0.006 <0.005 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.013 NA NA NA1,3-Dichlorobenzene<0.006 <0.005 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.013 NA NA NA1,4-Dichlorobenzene<0.006 <0.005 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.013 NA NA NAcis-1,2-Dichloroethene<0.006 <0.005 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.0064 NA NA NAtrans-1,2-Dichloroethene<0.006 <0.005 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.0064 NA NA NAEthylbenzene<0.006 <0.005 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.0064 NA NA NAIsopropylbenzene (Cumene)<0.006 <0.005 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.013 NA NA NAP-Isopropyltoluene<0.006 <0.005 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.019 NA NA NANaphthalene<0.006 <0.005 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.0064 NA NA NAN-Propylbenzene<0.006 <0.005 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.013 NA NA NAStyrene<0.006 <0.005 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.0064 NA NA NATetrahydrofuranNA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NATetrachloroethene<0.006 <0.005 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.013 NA NA NAToluene<0.006 <0.005 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.0064 NA NA NATotal Xylenes<0.006 <0.005 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.0136 NA NA NA1,1,1-Trichloroethane<0.006 <0.005 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.0064 NA NA NATrichloroethene<0.006 <0.005 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.0064 NA NA NA1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene<0.006 <0.005 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.013 NA NA NA1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene<0.006 <0.005 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.013 NA NA NA1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene<0.006 <0.005 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.013 NA NA NA1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene<0.006 <0.005 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.013 NA NA NANotes:All units in mg/kg. Only select compounds shown in above table. Data includes Results of Site Assessment Activities (H&H, August 19, 2002); Supplemental Soil Sampling Activities (H&H, February 20, 2008); and Additional Soil Sampling Activities (Tract F) (H&H, November 3, 2008)Acetone and MEK were included in 2007 analyses, results indicate non-detect or detections at 2 to 4 orders of magnitude below their respective screening levels.Samples reflected in this table are in "Areas of Known Soil Contamination" for the proposed redevlopment area.NA=Not analyzedWooded AreaB-2Tract F Fill AreaB-1F-S-1 F-S-4 F-S-5 F-S-6S:\AAA-Master Projects\Bryant Park (BTP-003) Tract F Update 2013\EAP Addendum\Revised Documents\Appendicies A-C & E.xlsx7/3/2013Appendix C (Page 1 of 4)Historical VOC Soil Analytical DataHart & Hickman, PC
Appendix CHistorical VOC Soil Analytical DataProposed Redevelopment Area(Page 2 of 4)H&H Job No. BTP-003Area of Concern Boring IDDate CollectedBoring Depth (ft)Sample Depth (ft)Volatile Organic Compounds (Method 8260)BenzeneN-ButylbenzeneSec-ButylbenzeneChlorobenzene2-Chlorotoluene4-Chlorotoluene1,2-Dichlorobenzene1,3-Dichlorobenzene1,4-Dichlorobenzenecis-1,2-Dichloroethenetrans-1,2-DichloroetheneEthylbenzeneIsopropylbenzene (Cumene)P-IsopropyltolueneNaphthaleneN-PropylbenzeneStyreneTetrahydrofuranTetrachloroetheneTolueneTotal Xylenes1,1,1-TrichloroethaneTrichloroethene1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene9/5/2007 9/5/2007 9/5/2007 9/5/2007 9/5/2007 9/6/2007 9/6/2007 9/6/2007 9/6/2007 9/6/2007 9/6/2007 9/6/2007 9/6/2007 9/6/2007 9/6/2007 9/6/2007 9/7/2007 9/7/2007 9/7/200720 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 202-3 4-5 2-3 6-7 16-17 2-3 6-7 2-3 6-7 19-20 2-3 6-7 17-18 2-3 6-7 14-15 2-3 6-7 15-16NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.0033 NA NA NA NA NA <0.0026 NA0.016NANA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.017 NA NA NA NA NA <0.013 NA <0.015 NANA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.017 NA NA NA NA NA <0.013 NA <0.015 NANA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.0055 NA NA NA NA NA <0.0043 NA0.0099NANA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.011 NA NA NA NA NA <0.0086 NA <0.0099 NANA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.011 NA NA NA NA NA <0.0086 NA <0.0099 NANA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.011 NA NA NA NA NA <0.0086 NA0.065NANA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.011 NA NA NA NA NA <0.0086 NA <0.0099 NANA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.011 NA NA NA NA NA <0.0086 NA0.011NANA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA0.022NA NA NA NA NA <0.0043 NA0.017NANA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.0055 NA NA NA NA NA <0.0043 NA <0.0049 NANA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.0055 NA NA NA NA NA <0.0043 NA0.028NANA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.011 NA NA NA NA NA <0.0086 NA <0.0099 NANA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.017 NA NA NA NA NA <0.013 NA <0.015 NANA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.0055 NA NA NA NA NA <0.0043 NA0.006NANA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.011 NA NA NA NA NA <0.0086 NA <0.0099 NANA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.0055 NA NA NA NA NA <0.0043 NA <0.0049 NANA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NANA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.011 NA NA NA NA NA <0.0086 NA <0.0099 NANA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.0055 NA NA NA NA NA <0.0043 NA0.031NANA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.0165 NA NA NA NA NA <0.0129 NA0.015NANA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.0055 NA NA NA NA NA <0.0043 NA <0.0049 NANA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.0055 NA NA NA NA NA <0.0043 NA0.027NANA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.011 NA NA NA NA NA <0.0086 NA <0.0099 NANA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.011 NA NA NA NA NA <0.0086 NA <0.0099 NANA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.011 NA NA NA NA NA <0.0086 NA <0.0099 NANA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.011 NA NA NA NA NA <0.0086 NA <0.0099 NANotes:All units in mg/kg. Only select compounds shown in above table. Data includes Results of Site Assessment Activities (H&H, August 19, 2002); Supplemental Soil Sampling Activities (H&H, February 20, 2008); and Additional Soil Sampling Activities (Tract F) (H&H, November 3, 2008)Acetone and MEK were included in 2007 analyses, results indicate non-detect or detections at 2 to 4 orders of magnitude below their respective screening levels.Samples reflected in this table are in "Areas of Known Soil Contamination" for the proposed redevlopment area.NA=Not analyzedTract F Fill AreaF-S-23F-S-15F-S-13F-S-17 F-S-20F-S-10 F-S-11S:\AAA-Master Projects\Bryant Park (BTP-003) Tract F Update 2013\EAP Addendum\Revised Documents\Appendicies A-C & E.xlsx7/3/2013Appendix C (Page 2 of 4)Historical VOC Soil Analytical DataHart & Hickman, PC
Appendix CHistorical VOC Soil Analytical DataProposed Redevelopment Area(Page 3 of 4)H&H Job No. BTP-003Area of Concern Boring IDDate CollectedBoring Depth (ft)Sample Depth (ft)Volatile Organic Compounds (Method 8260)BenzeneN-ButylbenzeneSec-ButylbenzeneChlorobenzene2-Chlorotoluene4-Chlorotoluene1,2-Dichlorobenzene1,3-Dichlorobenzene1,4-Dichlorobenzenecis-1,2-Dichloroethenetrans-1,2-DichloroetheneEthylbenzeneIsopropylbenzene (Cumene)P-IsopropyltolueneNaphthaleneN-PropylbenzeneStyreneTetrahydrofuranTetrachloroetheneTolueneTotal Xylenes1,1,1-TrichloroethaneTrichloroethene1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene1,3,5-TrimethylbenzeneF-HA-119/7/2007 9/7/2007 9/7/2007 9/7/2007 9/7/2007 9/7/2007 9/7/2007 9/7/2007 9/7/2007 9/7/2007 9/7/2007 12/14/2007 12/14/2007 12/14/2007 12/14/2007 12/14/20072020202020202020202020444442-3 7-8 17-18 2-3 6-7 12-13 2-3 6-7 2-3 9-10 15-16 0-1 3-4 0-1 0-1 3-4NA0.021NA NA NA0.32NA NA NA <5.6 <0.25 NA NA NA NA NANA <0.013 NA NA NA0.35NA NA NA <5.6 <0.25 NA NA NA NA NANA <0.013 NA NA NA <0.29 NA NA NA <5.6 <0.25 NA NA NA NA NANA0.0087NA NA NA1.90NA NA NA <5.6 <0.25 NA NA NA NA NANA <0.0088 NA NA NA <0.29 NA NA NA <5.6 <0.25 NA NA NA NA NANA <0.0088 NA NA NA <0.29 NA NA NA <5.6 <0.25 NA NA NA NA NANA0.071NA NA NA15.00NA NA NA <5.6 <0.25 NA NA NA NA NANA <0.0088 NA NA NA <0.29 NA NA NA <5.6 <0.25 NA NA NA NA NANA0.017NA NA NA3.00NA NA NA <5.6 <0.25 NA NA NA NA NANA0.28NA NA NA <0.29 NA NA NA <5.6 <0.25 NA NA NA NA NANA0.071NA NA NA <0.29 NA NA NA <5.6 <0.25 NA NA NA NA NANA0.021NA NA NA11.00NA NA NA1,100 0.86NA NA NA NA NANA <0.0088 NA NA NA0.39NA NA NA <5.6 <0.25 NA NA NA NA NANA <0.013 NA NA NA4.40NA NA NA130,000 220NA NA NA NA NANA0.011NA NA NA14.00NA NA NA22 1.20NA NA NA NA NANA <0.0088 NA NA NA0.37NA NA NA23<0.25 NA NA NA NA NANA <0.0044 NA NA NA <0.29 NA NA NA <5.6 <0.25 NA NA NA NA NANA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NANA0.031NA NA NA0.77NA NA NA <5.6 <0.25 NA NA NA NA NANA0.043NA NA NA3.00NA NA NA40<0.25 NA NA NA NA NANA0.0367NA NA NA25.80NA NA NA7,800 4.80NA NA NA NA NANA <0.0044 NA NA NA <0.29 NA NA NA <5.6 <0.25 NA NA NA NA NANA0.11NA NA NA1.70NA NA NA <5.6 <0.25 NA NA NA NA NANA <0.0088 NA NA NA <1.2 NA NA NA12<1 NA NA NA NA NANA <0.0088 NA NA NA <2.9 NA NA NA21<2.5 NA NA NA NA NANA <0.0088 NA NA NA2.40NA NA NA33<0.25 NA NA NA NA NANA <0.0088 NA NA NA2.50NA NA NA18<0.25 NA NA NA NA NANotes:All units in mg/kg. Only select compounds shown in above table. Data includes Results of Site Assessment Activities (H&H, August 19, 2002); Supplemental Soil Sampling Activities (H&H, February 20, 2008); and Additional Soil Sampling Activities (Tract F) (H&H, November 3, 2008)Acetone and MEK were included in 2007 analyses, results indicate non-detect or detections at 2 to 4 orders of magnitude below their respective screening levels.Samples reflected in this table are in "Areas of Known Soil Contamination" for the proposed redevlopment area.NA=Not analyzedF-HA-12Tract F Wooded AreaF-S-25F-S-28 F-S-29Tract F Fill AreaF-HA-7F-S-27S:\AAA-Master Projects\Bryant Park (BTP-003) Tract F Update 2013\EAP Addendum\Revised Documents\Appendicies A-C & E.xlsx7/3/2013Appendix C (Page 3 of 4)Historical VOC Soil Analytical DataHart & Hickman, PC
Appendix CHistorical VOC Soil Analytical DataProposed Redevelopment Area(Page 4 of 4)H&H Job No. BTP-003Area of Concern Boring IDDate CollectedBoring Depth (ft)Sample Depth (ft)Volatile Organic Compounds (Method 8260)BenzeneN-ButylbenzeneSec-ButylbenzeneChlorobenzene2-Chlorotoluene4-Chlorotoluene1,2-Dichlorobenzene1,3-Dichlorobenzene1,4-Dichlorobenzenecis-1,2-Dichloroethenetrans-1,2-DichloroetheneEthylbenzeneIsopropylbenzene (Cumene)P-IsopropyltolueneNaphthaleneN-PropylbenzeneStyreneTetrahydrofuranTetrachloroetheneTolueneTotal Xylenes1,1,1-TrichloroethaneTrichloroethene1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene1,3,5-TrimethylbenzeneG-B8-AST-3G-B9-UST-2 G-ED-1 G-ED-5 G-ED-10 G-FS-2 G-FS-2(A) G-FS-3 G-ND-3 G-ND-3A(D) G-ND-111/22/2002 4/11/2002 4/11/2002 4/11/2002 4/11/2002 1/9/2007 1/9/2007 1/22/2002 1/24/2002 4/15/2002 4/15/2002 4/15/2002 4/15/2002 4/15/2002 4/15/2002 1/25/2002 4/11/2002 4/11/2002 1/22/2002 1/22/2002 4/11/200212 12 12 12 12 4 4 10 12 8 12 12 12 12 12 12 10 4 12 12 126-8 2-4 10-12 2-4 8-10 1-2 3-4 8-10 6-10 2-4 2-4 6-10 2-4 8-10 2-4 0-4 8-10 2-4 2-6 2-6 2-4<0.098 NA NA NA NA <0.0035 <0.0035 <0.111 <0.115 <0.120 <0.122 <0.123 <0.127 <0.128 <0.129 <0.078 <0.079 <0.080 <0.065 <0.063 <0.072<0.006 NA NA NA NA <0.017 <0.017 <0.006 <0.007 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 NA NA <0.0650.39<0.006<0.006 NA NA NA NA <0.017 <0.017 <0.006 <0.007 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 NA NA <0.0650.27<0.006<0.006 NA NA NA NA <0.0058 <0.0058 <0.006 <0.007 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 NA NA <0.065 <0.063 <0.006<0.006 NA NA NA NA <0.012 <0.012 <0.006 <0.007 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 NA NA1.10<0.063 <0.006<0.006 NA NA NA NA <0.012 <0.012 <0.006 <0.007 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 NA NA <0.065 <0.063 <0.006<0.006 NA NA NA NA <0.012 <0.012 <0.006 <0.007 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 NA NA0.33 9.00<0.006<0.006 NA NA NA NA <0.012 <0.012 <0.006 <0.007 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 NA NA <0.0650.19<0.006<0.006 NA NA NA NA <0.012 <0.012 <0.006 <0.007 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 NA NA <0.0650.52<0.006<0.006 NA NA NA NA <0.0058 <0.0058 <0.0060.80<0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.0060.015<0.006 NA NA <0.065 <0.063 <0.006<0.006 NA NA NA NA <0.0058 <0.0058 <0.0060.013<0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 NA NA <0.065 <0.063 <0.006<0.006 NA NA NA NA <0.0058 <0.0058 <0.006 <0.007 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 NA NA58.00 43.00<0.006<0.006 NA NA NA NA <0.012 <0.012 <0.006 <0.007 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 NA NA0.31 0.70<0.006<0.006 NA NA NA NA <0.017 <0.017 <0.006 <0.007 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 NA NA <0.0650.41<0.006<0.006 NA NA NA NA <0.0058 <0.0058 <0.006 <0.007 <0.0060.007<0.0060.009 0.007<0.006 <0.006 NA NA0.091 0.28<0.006<0.006 NA NA NA NA <0.012 <0.012 <0.006 <0.007 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 NA NA0.16 0.59<0.006<0.006 NA NA NA NA <0.0058 <0.0058 <0.006 <0.007 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 NA NA <0.065 <0.063 <0.006NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.012 <0.014 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA <0.065 <0.126 <0.012<0.006 NA NA NA NA <0.012 <0.012 <0.0060.053 0.013<0.006 <0.0060.040 0.007<0.006 <0.006 NA NA <0.065 <0.063 <0.006<0.006 NA NA NA NA <0.0058 <0.0058 <0.006 <0.007 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 NA NA0.14 0.13<0.006<0.006 NA NA NA NA <0.0173 <0.0173 <0.0060.017<0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 NA NA360.00 200.00<0.0060.15NA NA NA NA <0.0058 <0.0058 <0.006 <0.007 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 NA NA <0.065 <0.063 <0.0060.014NA NA NA NA0.17 0.007<0.0062.50 0.067<0.006 <0.0060.10 0.010 0.036<0.006 NA NA <0.065 <0.063 <0.006<0.006 NA NA NA NA <0.012 <0.012 <0.006 <0.007 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 NA NA <0.065 <0.063 <0.006<0.006 NA NA NA NA <0.012 <0.012 <0.006 <0.007 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 NA NA <0.065 <0.063 <0.006<0.006 NA NA NA NA <0.012 <0.012 <0.006 <0.007 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 NA NA0.53 12.00<0.006<0.006 NA NA NA NA <0.012 <0.012 <0.006 <0.007 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 NA NA0.32 5.70<0.006Notes:All units in mg/kg. Only select compounds shown in above table. Data includes Results of Site Assessment Activities (H&H, August 19, 2002); Supplemental Soil Sampling Activities (H&H, February 20, 2008); and Additional Soil Sampling Activities (Tract F) (H&H, November 3, 2008)Acetone and MEK were included in 2007 analyses, results indicate non-detect or detections at 2 to 4 orders of magnitude below their respective screening levels.Samples reflected in this table are in "Areas of Known Soil Contamination" for the proposed redevlopment area.NA=Not analyzedG-ED-9Tract GG-B8-AST-4 G-B8-OF-2 G-ED-7G-B8-AST-3(A)S:\AAA-Master Projects\Bryant Park (BTP-003) Tract F Update 2013\EAP Addendum\Revised Documents\Appendicies A-C & E.xlsx7/3/2013Appendix C (Page 4 of 4)Historical VOC Soil Analytical DataHart & Hickman, PC
Appendix D
Preliminary Grading Plan and Cross-Section
Appendix E
Tract F June 2013 PCB Soil Analytical Data and Sample Location Figure
Appendix ETable 1Tract F June 2013 PCB Soil Analytical Data(Page 1 of 2)H&H Job No. BTP-003Area of Concern Boring ID F-S-32F-S-36Date Collected 6/24/2013 6/24/2013 6/24/2013 6/24/2013 6/24/2013 6/24/2013 6/24/2013 6/24/2013 6/24/2013 6/24/2013 6/24/2013 6/24/2013 6/24/2013 6/24/2013Boring Depth (ft) 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 4 12 12 15 15Sample Depth (ft) 3-5 10-12 13-15 3-5 10-12 1-3 10-12 3-5 10-12 1-3 1-3 6-8 1-3 6-8PCBs (Method 8082)PCB-1248 1.02<0.0410.304 3.7 0.376 0.773<0.17745.1<0.08214.85 3.43<0.2011.72<0.403PCB-1254<0.392 <0.041 <0.040 <0.758 <0.0384 <0.1990.533<7.92 <0.0821 <0.924 <0.822 <0.201 <0.434 <0.403NotesOnly those compounds detected in at least one sample are shown aboveMethod number follows parameterAll units in mg/kgmg/kg = miligrams per kilogramFill AreaF-S-31 F-S-33 F-S-34 F-S-35 F-S-37 F-S-38S:\AAA-Master Projects\Bryant Park (BTP-003) Tract F Update 2013\EAP Addendum\Revised Documents\Appendicies A-C & E.xlsx7/3/2013Appendix E (Page 1 of 2)Tract F June 2013 PCB Soil Analytical DataHart & Hickman, PC
Appendix ETable 1Tract F June 2013 PCB Soil Analytical Data(Page 2 of 2)H&H Job No. BTP-003Area of Concern Boring IDDate CollectedBoring Depth (ft)Sample Depth (ft)PCBs (Method 8082)PCB-1248PCB-1254F-S-456/24/2013 6/24/2013 6/24/2013 6/24/2013 6/24/2013 6/24/2013 6/24/2013 6/24/2013 6/24/2013 6/24/2013 6/24/2013 6/24/2013 6/24/201315 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 151-3 6-8 1-3 6-8 3-5 10-12 3-5 10-12 1-3 10-12 3-5 10-12 10-1211.4<0.410 <0.041 <0.19749.5<2.12 <0.410 <0.07620.531<0.03890.886<0.836 <0.404<2.05 <0.410 <0.041 <0.197 <8.78 <2.12 <0.410 <0.0762 <0.0791 <0.0389 <0.214 <0.836 <0.404NotesOnly those compounds detected in at least one sample are shown aboveMethod number follows parameterAll units in mg/kgmg/kg = miligrams per kilogramF-S-44Fill AreaF-S-39 F-S-40 F-S-41 F-S-42 F-S-43S:\AAA-Master Projects\Bryant Park (BTP-003) Tract F Update 2013\EAP Addendum\Revised Documents\Appendicies A-C & E.xlsx7/3/2013Appendix E (Page 2 of 2)Tract F June 2013 PCB Soil Analytical DataHart & Hickman, PC
Appendix F
Health and Safety Plan
Health and Safety Plan
Bryant Park Property
Tract F - Redevelopment Area
2001 Suttle Avenue
Charlotte, North Carolina
Brownfields Project ID 06016-02-60
H&H Job No. BTP-003
July 8, 2013
i
S:\AAA-Master Projects\Bryant Park (BTP-003) Tract F Update 2013\EAP Addendum\Appendix C\HSP\HSP 2013-7-08.doc
Health and Safety Plan
Environmental Sampling and Remediation Services
Bryant Park Property
Tract F - Redevelopment Area
2001 Suttle Avenue
Charlotte, North Carolina
H&H Job No. BTP-003
Table of Contents
1.0 Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................ 1
2.0 Project Information ........................................................................................................................ 1
2.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 1
2.2 Organization and Responsibilities ............................................................................................ 3
2.3 Site Control ................................................................................................................................ 3
2.4 Hazard Evaluation ..................................................................................................................... 4
2.5 Monitoring Equipment .............................................................................................................. 5
2.6 Personal Protective Equipment ................................................................................................. 6
2.7 Decontamination Procedures .................................................................................................... 8
2.8 Decontamination Procedures for Earth Moving Equipment ................................................... 8
3.0 Emergency Planning and Site Control ......................................................................................... 9
3.1 First Aid and Emergency Equipment ....................................................................................... 9
3.2 Communication Procedures ...................................................................................................... 9
3.3 Accident and Near Miss Procedures ...................................................................................... 10
3.4 Emergency Communication ................................................................................................... 10
3.5 Emergency Phone Numbers ................................................................................................... 11
3.6 Hazardous Materials Management Plan ................................................................................ 12
3.7 Hospital Route (See Figure 1) ................................................................................................ 12
3.8 Safety Briefings ....................................................................................................................... 13
3.9 Notifications ............................................................................................................................ 13
Figures
Figure 1 Hospital Route and Driving Directions
Figure 2 Tract F Redevelopment Area Map (Site Map)
Figure 3 Tract F Area Soil Sampling Locations
Figure 4 Work Zone Illustrations
Appendices
Appendix A Visitors Log
Appendix B Hazardous Substances Information
Appendix C Accident/Exposure Reporting Form
Appendix D Near Miss Reporting Form
Appendix E Safety Briefing Form
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1.0 Executive Summary
This Health and Safety Plan (HSP) has been prepared by Hart & Hickman, PC (H&H) for site
activities to be performed during Brownfield redevelopment activities at the Bryant Park Property
(also referred to as Tract F or the Redevelopment Area) located at 2001 Suttle Avenue in Charlotte,
Mecklenburg County, North Carolina. H&H will potentially conduct various types of work
associated with the assessment and management of impacted soil at this property. The purposes of
this HSP are to minimize the potential for on-site worker exposure and to protect public health and
safety during the site activities.
This HSP was prepared by H&H for H&H employees. It is also intended to establish minimum
health and safety protocols for subcontractors working on the project. Each subcontractor must
develop a site-specific HSP and certify its compliance with health and safety standards. H&H will
provide a copy of its HSP, but this is not a substitute for an independent plan by the subcontractor.
The subcontractor may create a plan which has equivalent or more stringent safety protocols.
However, significant deviations from the plan must be discussed with H&H.
This HSP focuses on site control measures, minimizing worker exposure to impacted media the site,
and protecting the public by preventing off-site migration of site contaminants. This plan describes
air monitoring, personal protective equipment (PPE), medical monitoring, emergency procedures,
and site control measures which will be conducted at the site during the site activities. The plan
does not focus on general construction safety practices such as backhoe safety, excavation safety,
etc. Subcontractors working on the project should establish safety protocols for general
construction activities to be used during the project.
This HSP is valid for this project as described in Section 2.0. It is not to be used for other projects
or subsequent phases of this project without written consent of H&H. This HSP is intended to
supplement H&H’s health and safety practices and training. This HSP is in compliance with Title
29 Code of Federal Regulations 1910.120 Hazardous Waste Sites Operations and Emergency
Response and Hazard Communication.
2.0 Project Information
2.1 Introduction
Site Name: Bryant Park Property (Tract F - Redevelopment Area) Project No. BTP.003
Site Address: 2001 Suttle Avenue, Charlotte, NC 28208
Client Name: Suttle Avenue LLC Project Manager: Leo Moretz, PG, RSM
Client Contact: George Macon (704) 561-5308
Plan Prepared By: Shannon Cottrill Date: July 8, 2013
Reviewed By: Leo Moretz, PG, RSM Date July 8, 2013
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Overall Objective of Site Visits: Brownfields redevelopment activities including supplemental
soil sampling/characterization of impacted site soils and general oversight of site
grading/construction activities associated with the planned construction project. As part of the
construction project, a fill area containing polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) and polynuclear
aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-impacted soil is planned to be excavated, relocated, and placed in
other suitable fill areas on the property.
X TYPE DATE X TYPE DATE
X Soil sampling with
Geoprobe direct push
technology rig (DPT)
6/2013
X Soil excavation, grading,
fill placement and
restoration oversight
associated with planned
fill project
To be
determined
(TBD)
Operational Description of Site: The Tract F Redevelopment Area, located north of the former
Radiator Specialty Corporation facility, is currently undeveloped. The Tract F portion included a
building from which a commercial glass shop operated from 1958 to 1997, and from which a
radio/communications company operated from 1958 to 1995. This single-story building was
demolished in 2007. The remainder of the property includes a grass-covered fill area (referred to
as the Tract fill area) at the western portion of the tract, and a wooded area along Steward Creek
(Figure 2).
Environmental Setting and Topography: Tract F is located east of the intersection of Suttle
Avenue and Isom Street just west of uptown Charlotte in a primarily commercial and industrial
area (Figure 2). The site is bordered to the south by the redeveloped portions of the Brownfields
property containing the Charlotte School of Law and associated parking lot, to the west by Loomis
Armored US facility, WBTV and WLNK studios, to the north by the Bryant Neighborhood Park,
and to the east by Steward Creek and Environamics’ drywall contractor business and Freedom
Drive located beyond. Tract F contains steep slopes with topography sloping generally to the east-
northeast toward Steward Creek. In addition, the fill area within Tract F contains significant areas
with loosely compacted soils and fill (Figures 2 and 3).
Accessible By: Major Highway X Two-Lane Road Dirt Road
Description of the Work Area (See Figures 2 and 3): Site-wide, see Figures 2 and 3
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2.2 Organization and Responsibilities
The following personnel are designated to carry out job functions on the site. Their responsibilities
(i.e., field team leader, etc.) and the tasks they will be carrying out on the site are listed.
H&H WORK PARTY RESPONSIBILITY & TASKS PROTECTION LEVEL
Leo Moretz, PG, RSM Senior Project Manager/Director Level D
Chad Grubbs, PG Project Manager Level D
TBD Site Safety Supervisor (SSS)/
Field Team Leader
Level D
TBD Air Quality Monitor Level D
SUBCONTRACTOR WORK PARTY RESPONSIBILITY PROTECTION
LEVEL
H&S INFO
ON SITE?
TBD 40-Hour OSHA-trained
Remedial Contractor
D/C
TBD Remedial Contractor’s Site
Safety Representative
(SSR)
D/C
TBD Site Grading Contractor D/C
TBD Site Grading Contractor’s
Site Safety Representative
(SSR)
D/C
All visitors will log in and out with the H&H SSS. A copy of the Visitor's Log sheet is included in
Appendix A.
2.3 Site Control
The H&H SSS will coordinate access and control security at the site. The SSS will establish a
work area perimeter. Only authorized personnel will be allowed beyond the perimeter. The SSS
will establish control boundaries for the Exclusion Zone, Contamination Reduction Zone, and the
Support Zone (see Figure 4).
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2.4 Hazard Evaluation
Potential chemical hazards known or suspected to exist in soil and groundwater at the site and the
recommended American Conference of Industrial Hygienist (ACGIH) time-weighted average
Threshold Limit Values (TLVs), Short-Term Exposure Limit (STEL), and ionization potential
(eV) are listed below.
CONSTITUENT TLV1 (ppm) IONIZATION
POTENTIAL (eV)
TLV-TWA TLV-STEL
Benzene 0.5 2.5 9.24
1,4-Dichlorobenzene 10 (--) 8.98
Ethylbenzene 20 (--) 8.76
Xylenes 100 150 8.56
Trichloroethene 10 15 9.45
1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene (--) (--) NA
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene (--) C 5 NA
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene 25 (--) 8.27
Isopropytoluene (--) (--) NA
Benzo(a)anthracene (2) 0.2 mg/m3 (--) NA
Benzo(b)fluoranthene (2) (--L) (--) NA
Benzo(k)fluoranthene (2) 0.2 mg/m3 (--) NA
Benzo(a)Pyrene (--L) (--) NA
Chrysene (--L) (--) NA
Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene (2 0.2 mg/m3 (--) NA
Indeno(1,2,3-c,d)Pyrene )(2) 0.2 mg/m3 (--) NA
Naphthalene 10 15 NA
Phenanthrene (2) 0.2 mg/m3 (--) NA
Pyrene (2) 0.2 mg/m3 (--) NA
Polychlorinated biphenyls 0.5 / 1 mg/m3 (3) (--) NA
Notes:
(1) The TLV-TWA recommended by ACGIH is listed unless the PEL (Permissible Exposure Limit)
identified by OSHA is lower or a ceiling (C) value is specified.
(2) The TLV for coal tar pitch volatiles is used as a screening criterion for PAH emissions. Exposure by all
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routes should be carefully controlled to levels as low as possible.
(3) OSHA regulates that workers not be exposed by inhalation over a period of 8 hours for 5 days per week
to more than 1 milligram per cubic meter of air (mg/m3) for 42% chlorine PCBs, or to 0.5 mg/m3 for
54% chlorine PCBs.
(L) Exposures by all routes should be carefully controlled to levels as low as possible.
Hazardous substance information sheets for the constituents listed above are provided in Appendix
B. Sources for hazardous substance information include Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease
Registry (ATSDR) and the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) fact
sheets.
Physical hazards known or suspected to be present on the site.
HAZARD YES NO HAZARD YES NO
Overhead Power Lines X Heavy Equipment X
Buried Conduit X Pitch Points on Rig X
Uneven Ground X Insects/Snakes X
Steep Slopes X Ice X
Slippery Conditions X High/Low Temperatures X
Rain X Explosion X
2.5 Monitoring Equipment
This section specifies the monitoring equipment to be used on-site and the action levels to upgrade
to higher levels of personal protection.
MONITORING
INSTRUMENT
MONITORING
INTERVAL
ACTION LEVEL (ppm)
D --> C C --> B Stop Work
Photoionization Detector Continuously during
excavation.
≥0.5 ppm above
background for ≥ 1
minute
NA ≥20 ppm
Dust Meter Continuously during
excavation
1 mg/m3 3.0 mg/m3
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If PID monitoring indicates organic vapors are present at greater than 0.5 ppm (above background)
in the breathing zone continuously for several minutes personnel will be asked to move away from
the excavation area. If readings remain greater than 0.5 ppm above background site personnel will
don full-face respirators with organic vapor cartridges. Level B protection requires specialized
personnel and equipment. The H&H field team will not be prepared to upgrade to level B
protection, and a qualified contractor will be utilized should these conditions exist.
Because the primary constituents of concern are PAHs and PCBs and their anticipated exposure
routes are inhalation, dermal contact, and ingestion, water control methods will be initiated prior to
and during excavation and impacted soil handling activities to minimize dust. During these site
activities, dust monitoring will be conducted utilizing a hand-held dust meter (DRAM or equivalent)
capable of providing direct-read and datalogging measurements. Water control methods will be
initiated if visible evidence of dust is observed or if dust readings are detected above 1 mg/m3 at any
time.
Monitoring is being conducted not only for the protection of on-site workers, but also to protect the
neighboring community. A priority will be perimeter site monitoring to confirm that VOCs and
fugitive dust levels are not posing an off-site threat. Visual observations and direct monitoring will
be used to monitor fugitive dust levels. The site perimeter will be continuously monitored with the
PID for fugitive vapor levels, with particular focus downwind of the excavation area. If visible
dust is observed and dust monitoring indicates dust levels are present at greater than 1.0 mg/m3 or
if PID monitoring indicates organic vapors are present at greater than 5 ppm at the perimeter, work
will be stopped and the situation assessed for appropriate corrective actions before proceeding.
Engineering controls will be utilized as needed to control conditions at the property boundary, as
well as the work zone.
2.6 Personal Protective Equipment
This section lists the equipment that must be present on the site and used within the Exclusion
Zone during the specified protection level. Level D PPE is required during all drilling, excavation,
and impacted soil handling activities. Level D PPE may be required at the discretion of the SSS
during other activities. This checklist is used when preparing for the field.
X = Equipment that must be present on the site.
O = Optional equipment.
Subcontractors must have the same equipment listed here as a minimum.
DESCRIPTION LEVEL OF PROTECTION
D C B
FULL BODY
Coveralls O
Tyvek O X
DESCRIPTION LEVEL OF PROTECTION
D C B
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Splash Apron
HEAD
Hard Hat X X
EYES & FACE
Safety Glasses X
HANDS AND ARMS
Chemical Resistant Gloves Latex O
Nitrile Rubber X X
PVC/Surgical
Other: Specify (Duct Tape) X
Insulated Gloves
Work Gloves X X
FOOT
Safety Boots X X
Rubber, Chemical Resistant Boots
Disposable Boot Covers O X
RESPIRATORY PROTECTION
1/2 Mask APR X X
Full Face APR with organic vapor/dust
mist cartridges X
OTHER SUPPLIES
First Aid Kit X X
Fire Extinguisher X X
Mobile Phone X X
Walkie Talkies O O
Gatorade X X
Eye Wash Station X X
Wash & Dry Towelettes X X
OTHER EQUIPMENT
Hearing Protection (if working within 25 ft of
heavy equipment) X X
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2.7 Decontamination Procedures
Personnel and equipment leaving the exclusion zone shall be decontaminated. Level D
decontamination protocol shall be used with the following decontamination stations:
LEVEL C DECONTAMINATION STEPS LEVEL D DECONTAMINATION STEPS
1 Drop equipment. 1 Drop equipment.
2 Wash and rinse outer garment, boots, and
gloves.
2 Wash and rinse boots and gloves.
3 Remove disposable garment, boots, and gloves. 3 Remove disposable garment.
4 Change cartridge (if necessary). 4 Field wash.
5 Remove respiratory protection.
6 Field wash.
The following decontamination equipment is required at the construction site.
DECONTAMINATION EQUIPMENT CHECKLIST
X Scrub Brushes X Garbage Bags
X Waste Containers X Paper Towels
X Soap X Isopropyl Alcohol
X Plastic Tubs X Pump Spray Bottles
X Plastic Drop Cloths X Pump Spray Bottles (water)
2.8 Decontamination Procedures for Earth Moving Equipment
To protect the neighboring community and to prevent contaminant migration at the site, earth moving equipment will
need to be decontaminated prior to leaving contaminated areas or mobilized off-site. The following summarizes the
decontamination requirements at the site:
1) In the event that impacted soil needs to be transported off-site for disposal, trucks
transporting impacted material will be lined and covered to prevent spillage of the soil from
the truck during transport. In addition, these trucks will be decontaminated prior to leaving
the site. Two alternatives for decontamination are provided below, depending on the
construction activities:
a. If the trucks remain in non-impacted areas or on clean gravel while they are loaded,
loose materials will be dry brushed from the trucks prior to leaving the site.
b. If trucks drive onto the contaminated areas of the site, the tires of the vehicle will be
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dry brushed as needed and then pressure washed in a tire wash station to remove
visible soil. The tire wash station will be lined with 10-mil visqueen plastic, and the
wash water will be collected in storage containers or drums.
2) Trucks transporting soils across the site and earth moving equipment such as excavators or
dozers will likely be in direct contact with impacted soils. This equipment must be
decontaminated if it leaves a contaminated area of the site or prior to being mobilized off-
site. Decontamination for this equipment will include dry brushing/scraping techniques and
pressure washing in a decontamination area to remove visible soil. The decontamination
area will be lined with 10-mil visqueen plastic, and the wash water will be collected in
storage containers or drums. Decontamination for these trucks and equipment will include
any area of the vehicle or equipment which came into direct contact with soils or visible dust
including, but not limited to, dump truck beds and sides, equipment buckets, and tracks
and/or tires. Decontamination activities can be minimized by limiting only essential
equipment in the contaminated area and not removing equipment from the contaminated
area until all grading work within contaminated areas is complete.
3) Equipment utilized to place clean fill will be previously decontaminated equipment or new
equipment not previously utilized in a contaminated area.
4) Decontamination waste will need to be managed appropriately. Soils generated will either
be containerized and shipped off-site after profiling or they will be placed on-site in a
suitable area in accordance with the Target Levels defined in this EAP Addendum. Wash
water generated will be either be containerized and manifested for off-site shipment, or it
will be utilized for dust control in contaminated areas.
3.0 Emergency Planning and Site Control
3.1 First Aid and Emergency Equipment
X EQUIPMENT LOCATION X EQUIPMENT LOCATION
X First Aid Kit Field Vehicle X Mobile Phone Field Vehicle
X Eye Wash Kit Field Vehicle
Safety Shower
X Fire Extinguisher Field Vehicle
3.2 Communication Procedures
Personnel in the work area should use the buddy system and remain in communication or within
sight of the H&H SSS. All accidents, injuries and emergencies should be reported to the H&H SSS.
The H&H SSS will indicate the need to evacuate the site by verbal command. A mobile phone will
be used for contacting emergency personnel and other reporting. On-site personnel will be familiar
with the emergency phone numbers provided below in Section 3.5.
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Location of the mobile phone nearest the work area: Field vehicle
Its phone number is: TBD
3.3 Accident and Near Miss Procedures
All accidents and injuries should be reported immediately to the H&H SSS. The SSS will:
• Stop work immediately.
• Determine the severity of the situation.
• If needed: - Clear the work area.
- Call or instruct someone to call emergency personnel (fire,
ambulance, etc.)
- Ensure that non-emergency medical attention is obtained if needed.
• Determine the cause and take corrective action measures to prevent reoccurrence.
• Call the Project Manager and H&H Health and Safety Officer to report the situation,
and complete an Accident/Exposure Reporting Form (See Appendix D).
• Resume work when authorized by the PM and/or H&H Health & Safety Officer.
All near miss incidents should be reported immediately to the H&H SSS. The SSS will:
• Stop work immediately.
Determine the severity of the situation.
Determine the cause and take corrective action measures to prevent reoccurrence.
Complete a Near Miss Reporting Form (See Appendix E).
Resume work when corrective action measures are implemented.
3.4 Emergency Communication
The SSS will be the Emergency Coordinator, and will be responsible for the entry and exit of
response personnel, contacting emergency personnel, and reporting to the Project Manager. The
following commands are commonly used for communication when verbal commands cannot be
used:
• Hand gripping throat = Out of air, cannot breathe.
• Grip partner's wrist or place both arms around the waist Leave area immediately.
• Hands on top of head = Need assistance.
• Thumbs up = OK, all right, I understand.
• Thumbs down = No, negative.
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3.5 Emergency Phone Numbers
NAME PHONE NUMBERS
Local Police 911
Local Ambulance 911
Local Fire Department 911
Local Hospital: Carolinas Medical Center 911 or (704) 355-2000
Poison Control (800) 424-8802 or (800) 424-9300
National Response Center (all spills) (800) 424-8802
U.S. Coast Guard (spills to water) (804) 441-3516
Phone Number On Site Not Applicable
Client Contact: George Macon (704) 209-6153
After immediate notifications are made, also notify:
NAME PHONE NUMBERS
H&H Project Manager: Leonard Moretz, PG, RSM (919) 847-4241 or (919) 740-3717 - cell
H&H Health & Safety Officer: Shannon Cottrill (704) 586-0007 or (704) 577-8810 - cell
Company Physician: Dr. Richard Bradner, MD
Arrowood Medical Clinic
(704)-588-7362 office
Company:
Name:
Company:
Name:
Company:
Name:
Company:
Name:
Company:
Name:
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3.6 Hazardous Materials Management Plan
The remedial activities will be conducted on property owned by the prospective developer, Suttle
Avenue LLC. Suttle Avenue LLC will insist that all third party vendors/contractors are required to
adhere to all policies and procedures, including undergoing a brief hazardous materials awareness
training to ensure the safe management of any hazardous materials on-site. All third party
contractors are responsible for the safe transport and management of their respective hazardous
materials.
Work conducted at the Tract F property will be conducted in accordance with the prospective
developer’s Security Plan. The Plan will be available at the site and will be discussed in safety
briefings and tailgate meetings, as needed. The plan includes items such as the following:
Contractors must have a hazardous materials management plan in-place which meets or
exceeds applicable OSHA guidelines;
A list must be on-site and maintained of any hazardous materials which are expected to be
brought on-site during the remedial activities;
All contractors and/or vendors must be approved by the Prospective Developer prior to
accessing the site;
All contractors must sign in and out daily;
Hazardous materials must be secured on a daily basis and the Prospective Developer must
be notified of how the materials will be secured;
All contractor employees must have been properly trained in hazardous materials handling,
including the labeling of packages and containers, recognizing hazards, how to identify
proper and improper shipping papers including manifests, etc.;
Contractors must have a disciplinary plan which describes how they handle/manage their
employees if any are dismissed and/or terminated; and
Proper record keeping is required.
3.7 Hospital Route (See Figure 1)
From the site, head south on Suttle Avenue toward Isom Street. Turn left on US-74 E. Continue
onto I-277 N/US-74 E. Take Exit 2A for North Carolina 16 S (Kenilworth Avenue/Third Street)
toward Fourth Street. Keep right at the fork, follow signs for Kenilworth Avenue. Turn right
onto Kenilworth Avenue. Turn left onto E Morehead Street. Slight right onto S Kings Drive.
Take the 1st right onto Medical Center Drive. Turn right onto Blythe Boulevard. The hospital
address is 1000 Blythe Boulevard.
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3.8 Safety Briefings
Safety briefings will be held on each day during which site work is performed. A minimum of
one daily safety briefing will be held on the site by all personnel involved in site operations.
Additional safety briefings will be conducted as site conditions or hazards change, when
returning to the site following breaks in operation such as lunch or weekends, or at other
appropriate times to be determined by on-site personnel or the Project Manager. Records of
these safety meetings will be noted on the safety briefing log sheets (provided at the end of this
document) and in the field book, and will include the date and time of the briefing, names and
affiliations of attendees, and any pertinent subjects of discussion (See Appendix E).
3.9 Notifications
The following authorities were contacted and briefed about our activities and the potential
hazards:
Name:
Agency:
Date:
Name:
Agency:
Date:
Name:
Agency:
Date:
Name:
Agency:
Date:
Name:
Agency:
Date:
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Comments and Special Instructions
FIGURES
BPT-003 BRYANT PARK PROPERTY
CHARLOTTE, NORTH CAROLINA
2923 S. Tryon Street, Suite 100
Charlotte, NC 28203
704.586.0007(p) 704.586.0373(f)
Figure 1 – Hospital Route and Driving Directions
BPT-003 BRYANT PARK PROPERTY
CHARLOTTE, NORTH CAROLINA
2923 S. Tryon Street, Suite 100
Charlotte, NC 28203
704.586.0007(p) 704.586.0373(f)
CONTAMINATION
REDUCTION
CORRIDOR
SEE ILLUSTRATION
BELOW
FIGURE 4 – WORK ZONE ILLUSTRATIONS
Appendix A
Visitors Log
VISITORS LOG
Name
Company
HASP
Reviewed?
Date
Time In
Time
Out
Initials
Appendix B
Hazardous Substances Information
BENZENE
CAS # 71-43-2
Division of Toxicology and Environmental Medicine ToxFAQsTM August 2007
This fact sheet answers the most frequently asked health questions (FAQs) about benzene. For more
information, call the ATSDR Information Center at 1-800-232-4636. This fact sheet is one in a series
of summaries about hazardous substances and their health effects. It is important you understand this
information because this substance may harm you. The effects of exposure to any hazardous substance
depend on the dose, the duration, how you are exposed, personal traits and habits, and whether other
chemicals are present.
HIGHLIGHTS: Benzene is a widely used chemical formed from both natural processes
and human activities. Breathing benzene can cause drowsiness, dizziness, and
unconsciousness; long-term benzene exposure causes effects on the bone marrow and
can cause anemia and leukemia. Benzene has been found in at least 1,000 of the 1,684
National Priority List sites identified by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
What is benzene?
Benzene is a colorless liquid with a sweet odor. It evaporates
into the air very quickly and dissolves slightly in water. It is
highly flammable and is formed from both natural processes
and human activities.
Benzene is widely used in the United States; it ranks in the
top 20 chemicals for production volume. Some industries
use benzene to make other chemicals which are used to
make plastics, resins, and nylon and other synthetic fibers.
Benzene is also used to make some types of rubbers,
lubricants, dyes, detergents, drugs, and pesticides. Natural
sources of benzene include emissions from volcanoes and
forest fires. Benzene is also a natural part of crude oil,
gasoline, and cigarette smoke.
What happens to benzene when it enters the
environment?
‘ Industrial processes are the main source of benzene in
the environment.
‘ Benzene can pass into the air from water and soil.
‘ It reacts with other chemicals in the air and breaks down
within a few days.
‘ Benzene in the air can attach to rain or snow and be
carried back down to the ground.
‘ It breaks down more slowly in water and soil, and can
pass through the soil into underground water.
‘ Benzene does not build up in plants or animals.
How might I be exposed to benzene?
‘ Outdoor air contains low levels of benzene from tobacco
smoke, automobile service stations, exhaust from motor
vehicles, and industrial emissions.
‘ Vapors (or gases) from products that contain benzene,
such as glues, paints, furniture wax, and detergents, can also
be a source of exposure.
‘ Air around hazardous waste sites or gas stations will
contain higher levels of benzene.
‘ Working in industries that make or use benzene.
How can benzene affect my health?
Breathing very high levels of benzene can result in death,
while high levels can cause drowsiness, dizziness, rapid
heart rate, headaches, tremors, confusion, and
unconsciousness. Eating or drinking foods containing high
levels of benzene can cause vomiting, irritation of the
stomach, dizziness, sleepiness, convulsions, rapid heart rate,
and death.
The major effect of benzene from long-term exposure is on
the blood. Benzene causes harmful effects on the bone
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, Public Health Service
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
Page 2
Federal Recycling Program Printed on Recycled Paper
ToxFAQsTM Internet address is http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxfaq.html
Where can I get more information? For more information, contact the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease
Registry, Division of Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Mailstop F-32, Atlanta, GA 30333. Phone:
1-800-232-4636, FAX: 770-488-4178. ToxFAQs Internet address via WWW is http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxfaq.html. ATSDR
can tell you where to find occupational and environmental health clinics. Their specialists can recognize, evaluate, and treat
illnesses resulting from exposure to hazardous substances. You can also contact your community or state health or environmental
quality department if you have any more questions or concerns.
marrow and can cause a decrease in red blood cells leading
to anemia. It can also cause excessive bleeding and can
affect the immune system, increasing the chance for
infection.
Some women who breathed high levels of benzene for many
months had irregular menstrual periods and a decrease in the
size of their ovaries, but we do not know for certain that
benzene caused the effects. It is not known whether
benzene will affect fertility in men.
How likely is benzene to cause cancer?
Long-term exposure to high levels of benzene in the air can
cause leukemia, particularly acute myelogenous leukemia,
often referred to as AML. This is a cancer of the blood-
forming organs. The Department of Health and Human
Services (DHHS) has determined that benzene is a known
carcinogen. The International Agency for Research on
Cancer (IARC) and the EPA have determined that benzene is
carcinogenic to humans.
How can benzene affect children?
Children can be affected by benzene exposure in the same
ways as adults. It is not known if children are more
susceptible to benzene poisoning than adults.
Benzene can pass from the mother’s blood to a fetus. Animal
studies have shown low birth weights, delayed bone
formation, and bone marrow damage when pregnant animals
breathed benzene.
How can families reduce the risks of exposure to
benzene?
Benzene exposure can be reduced by limiting contact with
gasoline and cigarette smoke. Families are encouraged not to
smoke in their house, in enclosed environments, or near their
children.
Is there a medical test to determine whether I’ve
been exposed to benzene?
Several tests can show if you have been exposed to
benzene. There is a test for measuring benzene in the breath;
this test must be done shortly after exposure. Benzene can
also be measured in the blood; however, since benzene
disappears rapidly from the blood, this test is only useful for
recent exposures.
In the body, benzene is converted to products called
metabolites. Certain metabolites can be measured in the
urine. The metabolite S-phenylmercapturic acid in urine is a
sensitive indicator of benzene exposure. However, this test
must be done shortly after exposure and is not a reliable
indicator of how much benzene you have been exposed to,
since the metabolites may be present in urine from other
sources.
Has the federal government made recommendations
to protect human health?
The EPA has set the maximum permissible level of benzene in
drinking water at 5 parts benzene per billion parts of water (5
ppb).
The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
has set limits of 1 part benzene per million parts of workplace
air (1 ppm) for 8 hour shifts and 40 hour work weeks.
References
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR).
2007. Toxicological Profile for Benzene (Update). Atlanta, GA:
U.S. Department of Public Health and Human Services, Public
Health Service.
BENZENE
CAS # 71-43-2
Search the Pocket Guide
Enter search terms separated by spaces.
p-Dichlorobenzene
Synonyms & Trade Names p-DCB; 1,4-Dichlorobenzene; para-Dichlorobenzene; Dichlorocide
CAS No.106-46-
7
RTECS
No.CZ4550000
(/niosh-
rtecs/CZ456D70.html)
DOT ID & Guide
Formula C6H4Cl2 Conversion 1 ppm =
6.01 mg/m
IDLH Ca [150 ppm]
See: 106467 (/niosh/idlh/106467.html)
Exposure Limits
NIOSH REL : Ca See Appendix A
(nengapdxa.html)
OSHA PEL †(nengapdxg.html) : TWA 75
ppm (450 mg/m )
Measurement Methods
NIOSH 1003 (/niosh/docs/2003-154/pdfs/1003.pdf) ;
OSHA 7
(http://www.osha.gov/dts/sltc/methods/organic/org001/org001.html)
(http://www.cdc.gov/Other/disclaimer.html)
See: NMAM (/niosh/docs/2003-154/) or OSHA Methods
(http://www.osha.gov/dts/sltc/methods/index.html)
(http://www.cdc.gov/Other/disclaimer.html)
Physical Description Colorless or white crystalline solid with a mothball-like odor. [insecticide]
MW:147.0 BP:345°F MLT:
128°F
Sol:0.008%VP:1.3 mmHg IP:8.98 eV
Sp.Gr:
1.25
Fl.P:
150°F UEL:?LEL:2.5%
Combustible Solid, but may take some effort to ignite.
Incompatibilities & Reactivities Strong oxidizers (such as chlorine or permanganate)
Exposure Routes inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact
Symptoms Eye irritation, swelling periorbital (situated around the eye); profuse rhinitis; headache,
anorexia, nausea, vomiting; weight loss, jaundice, cirrhosis; in animals: liver, kidney injury; [potential
occupational carcinogen]
Target Organs Liver, respiratory system, eyes, kidneys, skin
Cancer Site [in animals: liver & kidney cancer]
Personal Protection/Sanitation (See
protection codes (protect.html) )
Skin:Prevent skin contact
Eyes:Prevent eye contact
Wash skin:When
contaminated/Daily
First Aid (See procedures (firstaid.html) )
Eye:Irrigate immediately
Skin:Soap wash
Breathing:Respiratory support
Swallow:Medical attention immediately
3
3
Page 1 of 2CDC - NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - p-Dichlorobenzene
6/26/2013http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0190.html
Page last reviewed: April 4, 2011
Page last updated: November 18, 2010Content source: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Education and Information Division
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1600 Clifton Rd. Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
800-CDC-INFO (800-232-4636) TTY: (888) 232-6348 - Contact CDC–INFO
Remove:When wet or contaminated
Change:Daily
Provide:Eyewash, Quick drench
Respirator Recommendations
NIOSH
At concentrations above the NIOSH REL, or where there is no REL, at any detectable
concentration:
(APF = 10,000) Any self-contained breathing apparatus that has a full facepiece and is operated in a
pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode
(APF = 10,000) Any supplied-air respirator that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-
demand or other positive-pressure mode in combination with an auxiliary self-contained positive-
pressure breathing apparatus
Escape:
(APF = 50) Any air-purifying, full-facepiece respirator (gas mask) with a chin-style, front- or back-
mounted organic vapor canister
Any appropriate escape-type, self-contained breathing apparatus
Important additional information about respirator selection (pgintrod.html#mustread)
See also: INTRODUCTION (/niosh/npg/pgintrod.html) See ICSC CARD: 0037
(/niosh/ipcsneng/neng0037.html) See MEDICAL TESTS: 0073 (/niosh/docs/2005-110/nmed0073.html)
Page 2 of 2CDC - NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - p-Dichlorobenzene
6/26/2013http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0190.html
ETHYLBENZENE
CAS # 100-41-4
Division of Toxicology and Environmental Medicine ToxFAQsTM September 2007
This fact sheet answers the most frequently asked health questions (FAQs) about ethylbenzene. For
more information, call the ATSDR Information Center at 1-800-232-4636. This fact sheet is one in a
series of summaries about hazardous substances and their health effects. It is important you
understand this information because this substance may harm you. The effects of exposure to any
hazardous substance depend on the dose, the duration, how you are exposed, personal traits and
habits, and whether other chemicals are present.
HIGHLIGHTS: Ethylbenzene is a colorless liquid found in a number of
products including gasoline and paints. Breathing very high levels can cause
dizziness and throat and eye irritation. Breathing lower levels has resulted in
hearing effects and kidney damage in animals. Ethylbenzene has been found in
at least 829 of 1,689 National Priorities List sites identified by the
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
What is ethylbenzene?
Ethylbenzene is a colorless, flammable liquid that smells like
gasoline.
It is naturally found in coal tar and petroleum and is also
found in manufactured products such as inks, pesticides,
and paints.
Ethylbenzene is used primarily to make another chemical,
styrene. Other uses include as a solvent, in fuels, and to
make other chemicals.
What happens to ethylbenzene when it enters the
environment?
‘ Ethylbenzene moves easily into the air from water and soil.
‘ It takes about 3 days for ethylbenzene to be broken down
in air into other chemicals.
‘ In surface water, ethylbenzene breaks down by reacting with
other chemicals found naturally in water.
‘ Ethylbenzene can move through soil into groundwater
‘ In soil, it is broken down by bacteria.
How might I be exposed to ethylbenzene?
‘ If you live in a city or near many factories or heavily
traveled highways, you may be exposed to ethylbenzene in
air.
‘ Releases of ethylbenzene into the air occur from burning
oil, gas, and coal and from industries using ethylbenzene.
‘ Ethylbenzene is not often found in drinking water.
Higher levels may be found in residential drinking water
wells near landfills, waste sites, or leaking underground fuel
storage tanks.
‘ Working in an industry where ethylbenzene is used or
made.
‘ Using products containing it, such as gasoline, carpet
glues, varnishes, and paints.
How can ethylbenzene affect my health?
Exposure to high levels of ethylbenzene in air for short
periods can cause eye and throat irritation. Exposure to
higher levels can result in dizziness.
Irreversible damage to the inner ear and hearing has been
observed in animals exposed to relatively low concentrations
of ethylbenzene for several days to weeks.
Exposure to relatively low concentrations of ethylbenzene in
air for several months to years causes kidney damage in
animals.
How likely is ethylbenzene to cause cancer?
The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)
has determined that ethylbenzene is a possible human
carcinogen.
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, Public Health Service
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
Page 2
Federal Recycling Program Printed on Recycled Paper
ToxFAQsTM Internet address is http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxfaq.html
Where can I get more information? For more information, contact the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease
Registry, Division of Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Mailstop F-32, Atlanta, GA 30333. Phone:
1-800-232-4636, FAX: 770-488-4178. ToxFAQs Internet address via WWW is http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxfaq.html. ATSDR
can tell you where to find occupational and environmental health clinics. Their specialists can recognize, evaluate, and treat
illnesses resulting from exposure to hazardous substances. You can also contact your community or state health or environmental
quality department if you have any more questions or concerns.
How can ethylbenzene affect children?
There are no studies evaluating the effects of ethylbenzene
exposure on children or immature animals. It is likely that
children would have the same health effects as adults. We
do not know whether children would be more sensitive than
adults to the effects of ethylbenzene.
We do not know if ethylbenzene will cause birth defects in
humans. Minor birth defects and low birth weight have
occurred in newborn animals whose mothers were exposed to
ethylbenzene in air during pregnancy.
How can families reduce the risks of exposure to
ethylbenzene?
‘ Use adequate ventilation to reduce exposure to
ethylbenzene vapors from consumer products such as
gasoline, pesticides, varnishes and paints, and newly
installed carpeting.
‘ Sometimes older children sniff household chemicals,
including ethylbenzene, in an attempt to get high. Talk with
your children about the dangers of sniffing chemicals.
‘ Household chemicals should be stored out of reach of
children to prevent accidental poisoning. Always store
household chemicals in their original containers; never store
them in containers that children would find attractive to eat
or drink from, such as old soda bottles. Gasoline should be
stored in a gasoline can with a locked cap.
Is there a medical test to determine whether I’ve
been exposed to ethylbenzene?
Ethylbenzene is found in the blood, urine, breath, and some
body tissues of exposed people. The most common way to
test for ethylbenzene is in the urine. This test measures
substances formed by the breakdown of ethylbenzene.
Because these substances leave the body very quickly, this
test needs to be done within a few hours after exposure
occurs.
These tests can show you were exposed to ethylbenzene,
but cannot predict the kind of health effects that might
occur.
Has the federal government made recommendations
to protect human health?
The EPA has determined that exposure to ethylbenzene in
drinking water at concentrations of 30 ppm for 1 day or 3 ppm
for 10 days is not expected to cause any adverse effects in a
child.
The EPA has determined that lifetime exposure to 0.7 ppm
ethylbenzene is not expected to cause any adverse effects.
The Occupational Health and Safety Administration (OSHA) has
limited workers' exposure to an average of 100 ppm for an 8-hour
workday, 40-hour workweek.
References
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR).
2007. Toxicological Profile for Ethylbenzene (Draft for Public
Comment). Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Public Health and
Human Services, Public Health Service.
ETHYLBENZENE
CAS # 100-41-4
XYLENE
CAS # 1330-20-7
Division of Toxicology and Environmental Medicine ToxFAQsTM September 2005
This fact sheet answers the most frequently asked health questions (FAQs) about xylene. For more
information, call the ATSDR Information Center at 1-888-422-8737. This fact sheet is one in a series
of summaries about hazardous substances and their health effects. It is important you understand this
information because this substance may harm you. The effects of exposure to any hazardous substance
depend on the dose, the duration, how you are exposed, personal traits and habits, and whether other
chemicals are present.
HIGHLIGHTS: Exposure to xylene occurs in the workplace and when you use
paint, gasoline, paint thinners and other products that contain it. People who
breathe high levels may have dizziness, confusion, and a change in their sense
of balance. Xylene has been found in at least 844 of the 1,662 National Priority
List sites identified by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
What is xylene?
There are three forms of xylene in which the methyl groups
vary on the benzene ring: meta-xylene, ortho-xylene, and
para-xylene (m-, o-, and p-xylene). These different forms are
referred to as isomers.
Xylene is a colorless, sweet-smelling liquid that catches on
fire easily. It occurs naturally in petroleum and coal tar.
Chemical industries produce xylene from petroleum. It is one
of the top 30 chemicals produced in the United States in
terms of volume.
Xylene is used as a solvent and in the printing, rubber, and
leather industries. It is also used as a cleaning agent, a thinner
for paint, and in paints and varnishes. It is found in small amounts
in airplane fuel and gasoline.
What happens to xylene when it enters the
environment?
‘ Xylene evaporates quickly from the soil and surface
water into the air.
‘ In the air, it is broken down by sunlight into other less
harmful chemicals.
‘ It is broken down by microorganisms in soil and water.
‘ Only a small amount of it builds up in fish, shellfish,
plants, and other animals living in xylene-contaminated
water.
How might I be exposed to xylene?
‘ Using a variety of consumer products including gasoline,
pain, varnish, shellac, rust preventives, and cigarette smoke.
Xylene can be absorbed through the respiratory tract and
through the skin.
‘ Ingesting xylene-contaminated food or water, although
these levels are likely to be very low.
‘ Working in a job that involves the use of xylene such as
painters, paint industry workers, biomedical laboratory
workers, automobile garage workers, metal workers, and
furniture refinishers.
How can xylene affect my health?
No health effects have been noted at the background levels
that people are exposed to on a daily basis.
High levels of exposure for short or long periods can cause
headaches, lack of muscle coordination, dizziness, confusion,
and changes in one's sense of balance. Exposure of people
to high levels of xylene for short periods can also cause
irritation of the skin, eyes, nose, and throat; difficulty in
breathing; problems with the lungs; delayed reaction time;
memory difficulties; stomach discomfort; and possibly
changes in the liver and kidneys. It can cause
unconsciousness and even death at very high levels.
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, Public Health Service
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
Page 2
Federal Recycling Program Printed on Recycled Paper
ToxFAQsTM Internet address is http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxfaq.html
Where can I get more information? For more information, contact the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease
Registry, Division of Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Mailstop F-32, Atlanta, GA 30333. Phone:
1-888-422-8737, FAX: 770-488-4178. ToxFAQs Internet address via WWW is http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxfaq.html. ATSDR
can tell you where to find occupational and environmental health clinics. Their specialists can recognize, evaluate, and treat
illnesses resulting from exposure to hazardous substances. You can also contact your community or state health or environmental
quality department if you have any more questions or concerns.
How likely is xylene to cause cancer?
Both the International Agency for Research on Cancer
(IARC) and the EPA have found that there is insufficient
information to determine whether or not xylene is
carcinogenic.
How can xylene affect children?
The effects of xylene have not been studied in children, but
it is likely that they would be similar to those seen in
exposed adults. Although there is no direct evidence,
children may be more sensitive to acute inhalation exposure
than adults because their narrower airways would be more
sensitive to swelling effects.
Studies of unborn animals indicate that high concentrations
of xylene may cause increased numbers of deaths, and
delayed growth and development. In many instances, these
same concentrations also cause damage to the mothers. We
do not know if xylene harms the unborn child if the mother is
exposed to low levels of xylene during pregnancy.
How can families reduce the risks of exposure to
xylene?
‘ Exposure to xylene as solvents (in paints or gasoline) can
be reduced if the products are used with adequate ventilation
and if they are stored in tightly closed containers out of the
reach of small children.
‘ Sometimes older children sniff household chemicals in
attempt to get high. Talk with your children about the
dangers of sniffing xylene.
‘ If products containing xylene are spilled on the skin, then
the excess should be wiped off and the area cleaned with
soap and water.
Is there a medical test to determine whether I’ve
been exposed to xylene?
Laboratory tests can detect xylene or its breakdown products
in exhaled air, blood, or urine. There is a high degree of
agreement between the levels of exposure to xylene and the
levels of xylene breakdown products in the urine. However, a
urine sample must be provided very soon after exposure
ends because xylene quickly leaves the body. These tests
are not routinely available at your doctor's office.
Has the federal government made
recommendations to protect human health?
The EPA set a limit of 10 parts xylene per million parts
drinking water (10 ppm).
The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
has set limits of 100 parts xylene per million parts of
workplace air (100 ppm) for 8 hour shifts and 40 hour work
weeks.
References
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
(ATSDR). 2005. Toxicological Profile for Xylene (Draft for
Public Comment). Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Public
Health and Human Services, Public Health Service.
XYLENE
CAS # 1330-20-7
‘
‘
‘
‘
‘
‘
‘
‘
‘
Division of Toxicology ToxFAQsTM July 2003
TRICHLOROETHYLENE
CAS # 79-01-6
This fact sheet answers the most frequently asked health questions (FAQs) about trichloroethylene.
For more information, call the ATSDR Information Center at 1-888-422-8737. This fact sheet is one in
a series of summaries about hazardous substances and their health effects. This information is
important because this substance may harm you. The effects of exposure to any hazardous substance
depend on the dose, the duration, how you are exposed, personal traits and habits, and whether other
chemicals are present.
HIGHLIGHTS: Trichloroethylene is a colorless liquid which is used as a solvent
for cleaning metal parts. Drinking or breathing high levels of trichloroethylene
may cause nervous system effects, liver and lung damage, abnormal heartbeat,
coma, and possibly death. Trichloroethylene has been found in at least 852 of
the 1,430 National Priorities List sites identified by the Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA).
What is trichloroethylene?
Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a nonflammable,
colorless liquid with a somewhat sweet odor and a sweet,
burning taste. It is used mainly as a solvent to remove
grease from metal parts, but it is also an ingredient in
adhesives, paint removers, typewriter correction fluids, and
spot removers.
Trichloroethylene is not thought to occur naturally
in the environment. However, it has been found in
underground water sources and many surface waters as a
result of the manufacture, use, and disposal of the chemical.
What happens to trichloroethylene when it enters
the environment?
Trichloroethylene dissolves a little in water, but it can
remain in ground water for a long time.
Trichloroethylene quickly evaporates from surface water,
so it is commonly found as a vapor in the air.
Trichloroethylene evaporates less easily from the soil than
from surface water. It may stick to particles and remain for a
long time.
Trichloroethylene may stick to particles in water, which
will cause it to eventually settle to the bottom sediment.
Trichloroethylene does not build up significantly in
plants and animals.
How might I be exposed to trichloroethylene?
Breathing air in and around the home which has been
contaminated with trichloroethylene vapors from shower
water or household products such as spot removers and
typewriter correction fluid.
Drinking, swimming, or showering in water that has been
contaminated with trichloroethylene.
Contact with soil contaminated with trichloroethylene,
such as near a hazardous waste site.
Contact with the skin or breathing contaminated air while
manufacturing trichloroethylene or using it at work to wash
paint or grease from skin or equipment.
How can trichloroethylene affect my health?
Breathing small amounts may cause headaches, lung
irritation, dizziness, poor coordination, and difficulty
concentrating.
Breathing large amounts of trichloroethylene may
cause impaired heart function, unconsciousness, and death.
Breathing it for long periods may cause nerve, kidney, and
liver damage.
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, Public Health Service
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
Page 2
Federal Recycling Program Printed on Recycled Paper
ToxFAQsTM Internet address is http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxfaq.html
Where can I get more information? For more information, contact the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease
Registry, Division of Toxicology, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Mailstop F-32, Atlanta, GA 30333. Phone: 1-888-422-8737,
FAX: 770-488-4178. ToxFAQsTM Internet address is http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxfaq.html . ATSDR can tell you where to
find occupational and environmental health clinics. Their specialists can recognize, evaluate, and treat illnesses resulting
from exposure to hazardous substances. You can also contact your community or state health or environmental quality
department if you have any more questions or concerns.
TRICHLOROETHYLENE
CAS # 79-01-6
Drinking large amounts of trichloroethylene may
cause nausea, liver damage, unconsciousness, impaired heart
function, or death.
Drinking small amounts of trichloroethylene for long
periods may cause liver and kidney damage, impaired immune
system function, and impaired fetal development in pregnant
women, although the extent of some of these effects is not
yet clear.
Skin contact with trichloroethylene for short periods
may cause skin rashes.
How likely is trichloroethylene to cause cancer?
Some studies with mice and rats have suggested that
high levels of trichloroethylene may cause liver, kidney, or lung
cancer. Some studies of people exposed over long periods to
high levels of trichloroethylene in drinking water or in workplace
air have found evidence of increased cancer. Although, there are
some concerns about the studies of people who were exposed
to trichloroethylene, some of the effects found in people were
similar to effects in animals.
In its 9th Report on Carcinogens, the National
Toxicology Program (NTP) determined that trichloroethylene is
“reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen.” The
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has
determined that trichloroethylene is “probably carcinogenic to
humans.”
Is there a medical test to show whether I’ve been
exposed to trichloroethylene?
If you have recently been exposed to
trichloroethylene, it can be detected in your breath, blood, or
urine. The breath test, if it is performed soon after exposure,
can tell if you have been exposed to even a small amount of
trichloroethylene.
Exposure to larger amounts is assessed by blood
and urine tests, which can detect trichloroethylene and many
of its breakdown products for up to a week after exposure.
However, exposure to other similar chemicals can produce
the same breakdown products, so their detection is not
absolute proof of exposure to trichloroethylene. This test
isn’t available at most doctors’ offices, but can be done at
special laboratories that have the right equipment.
Has the federal government made
recommendations to protect human health?
The EPA has set a maximum contaminant level for
trichloroethylene in drinking water at 0.005 milligrams per liter
(0.005 mg/L) or 5 parts of TCE per billion parts water.
The EPA has also developed regulations for the
handling and disposal of trichloroethylene.
The Occupational Safety and Health Administration
(OSHA) has set an exposure limit of 100 parts of
trichloroethylene per million parts of air (100 ppm) for an 8
hour workday, 40-hour workweek.
Glossary
Carcinogenicity: The ability of a substance to cause cancer.
CAS: Chemical Abstracts Service.
Evaporate: To change into a vapor or gas.
Milligram (mg): One thousandth of a gram.
Nonflammable: Will not burn.
ppm: Parts per million.
Sediment: Mud and debris that have settled to the bottom of
a body of water.
Solvent: A chemical that dissolves other substances.
References
This ToxFAQs information is taken from the 1997
Toxicological Profile for Trichloroethylene (update) produced
by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry,
Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human
Services, Public Health Service in Atlanta, GA.
TRICHLOROBENZENES
CAS # 12002-48-1
Division of Toxicology and Environmental Medicine ToxFAQsTM September 2010
This fact sheet answers the most frequently asked health questions (FAQs) about trichlorobenzenes.
For more information, call the ATSDR Information Center at 1-800-232-4636. This fact sheet is one in
a series of summaries about hazardous substances and their health effects. It is important you
understand this information because these substances may harm you. The effects of exposure to any
hazardous substance depend on the dose, the duration, how you are exposed, personal traits and
habits, and whether other chemicals are present.
HIGHLIGHTS: Trichlorobenzenes have been used as solvents. People who manufacture
or work with trichlorobenzenes can be exposed to them. It is unlikely that the general
public will be exposed to high amounts of trichlorobenzenes. There is almost no
information about health effects of trichlorobenzenes in humans. 1,2,3-, 1,2,4-, and
1,3,5-Trichlorobenzene have been found in at least 31, 187, and 4 of the 1,699 National
Priorities List sites identified by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), respectively.
What are trichlorobenzenes?
Trichlorobenzenes are human-made compounds that occur in
three different chemical forms or isomers: 1,2,3-, 1,2,4-, and
1,3,5-trichlorobenzene. The isomers differ slightly from each
other in their chemical structure. 1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene
and 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene are colorless solids, while
1,2,4-trichlorobenzene is a colorless liquid.
Trichlorobenzenes have primarily been used as solvents and
chemical intermediates to produce other compounds.
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene is produced in large quantities and is
used as a solvent to dissolve special materials such as oils,
waxes, resins, greases, and rubber. It is also frequently used
to produce dyes and textiles.
1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene and 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene, are
produced in lower quantities and have fewer uses.
What happens to trichlorobenzenes when they enterthe environment?
‘ Trichlorobenzenes are volatile and preferentially enter the
air when released to the environment.
‘ The half-life (the time it takes for 50% of the compound
to degrade) of trichlorobenzenes in air is about 1 month.
‘ Trichlorobenzenes have been detected in groundwater,
drinking water, and surface water (rivers and lakes).
Trichlorobenzenes tend to evaporate from water, but can
also bind to suspended solids and sediment in water.
‘ Trichlorobenzenes evaporate from soils and are slowly
broken down by microorganisms in soil and sediment.
‘ High levels of trichlorobenzenes are often detected in
fish or other species living in contaminated waters because
trichlorobenzenes can accumulate in fatty tissues.
How might I be exposed to trichlorobenzenes?
‘ The general population may be exposed to
trichlorobenzenes by inhaling air and through the ingestion
of food and drinking water.
‘ Trichlorobenzenes have been identified in a variety of
food items including vegetables, milk, eggs/meat, and oils
produced from various nuts and seeds. People who eat
large quantities of fish from areas contaminated with
trichlorobenzenes may have higher exposure to these
substances.
‘ Workers who manufacture or use trichlorobenzenes can
be exposed by inhalation and dermal contact with these
substances.
How can trichlorobenzenes affect my health?
There is virtually no information regarding health effects of
trichlorobenzenes in humans. However, based on results
from studies in animals, it is reasonable to predict that
humans exposed to high amounts of trichlorobenzenes may
develop liver problems.
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, Public Health Service
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
Page 2
Federal Recycling Program Printed on Recycled Paper
ToxFAQsTM Internet address is http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxfaq.html
Where can I get more information? For more information, contact the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease
Registry, Division of Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Mailstop F-62, Atlanta, GA 30333. Phone:
1-800-232-4636, FAX: 770-488-4178. ToxFAQs Internet address via WWW is http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxfaq.html. ATSDR
can tell you where to find occupational and environmental health clinics. Their specialists can recognize, evaluate, and treat
illnesses resulting from exposure to hazardous substances. You can also contact your community or state health or environmental
quality department if you have any more questions or concerns.
Studies in animals indicate that oral administration of
trichlorobenzenes for short or long periods produces mainly
alterations in the liver and kidneys. Long term administration
of 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene to rats did not affect their capacity
to have normal offspring. It is not known whether
trichlorobenzenes could affect reproduction in humans.
How likely are trichlorobenzenes to cause cancer?
There are no studies of cancer in people exposed to
trichlorobenzenes. Mice given 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene in the
food for 2 years developed cancer of the liver. The EPA has
stated that 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene is not classifiable as to
human carcinogenicity. However, this was based on studies
conducted prior to 1990; newer information has not been
evaluated.
How can trichlorobenzenes affect children?
There are no studies of children exposed to
trichlorobenzenes. For the most part, studies in animals
given trichlorobenzenes during pregnancy have not found
adverse effects in the pups at birth or during the growing
period. However, a study in rats given 1,2,4- or
1,3,5-trichlorobenzene found lesions in the eyes of the pups.
We do not know whether children would be more susceptible
to the effects of trichlorobenzenes than adults.
Trichlorobenzenes have been found in human breast milk,
which means that mothers can transfer these chemicals to
their babies by nursing.
How can families reduce the risk of exposure totrichlorobenzenes?
‘ Trichlorobenzenes do not have widespread use in
consumer products that are readily available to the general
public.
‘ Avoid areas near facilities that manufacture and use
trichlorobenzenes and other chlorinated substances or
hazardous waste sites at which these substances may have
been disposed of.
‘ Avoiding high consumption of root crops and fish living
in contaminated environments will reduce the risk of
exposure.
Is there a medical test to determine whether I’ve been exposed to trichlorobenzenes?
Trichlorobenzenes can be measured in blood and body fat,
but the tests used are not routinely available in the doctor's
office.
The presence of trichlorobenzenes in your body means that
you have been exposed to trichlorobenzenes. Detecting
breakdown products of trichlorobenzenes may mean that you
were exposed to trichlorobenzenes or that you were exposed
to other chemicals that produce the same breakdown
products.
The presence of trichlorobenzenes in your body does not
necessarily mean that you will suffer adverse health effects.
Has the federal government made recommendations
to protect human health?
The EPA has determined that exposure to 1,2,4-trichloro-
benzene and 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene in drinking water at
concentrations of 0.1 and 0.6 milligrams per liter (mg/L),
respectively, for 1 or 10 days is not expected to cause any
adverse effects in a child.
The EPA has determined that lifetime exposure to
0.07 mg/L 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene and 0.04 mg/L
1,3,5-trichlorobenzene is not expected to cause any adverse
effects.
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has determined
that the concentration of 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene in bottled
drinking water should not exceed 0.7 mg/L.
References
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR).
2010. Toxicological Profile for Trichlorobenzenes (Draft for Public
Comment). Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Public Health and
Human Services, Public Health Service.
TRICHLOROBENZENES
CAS # 12002-48-1
Search the Pocket Guide
Enter search terms separated by spaces.
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene
Synonyms & Trade Names Asymmetrical trimethylbenzene, psi-Cumene, Pseudocumene [Note:
Hemimellitene is a mixture of the 1,2,3-isomer with up to 10% of related aromatics such as the 1,2,4-
isomer.]
CAS No.95-
63-6
RTECS
No.DC3325000
(/niosh-
rtecs/DC32BC48.html)
DOT ID & Guide
Formula C6H3
(CH3)3
Conversion 1 ppm =
4.92 mg/m
IDLH N.D.
See: IDLH INDEX (/niosh/idlh/intridl4.html)
Exposure Limits
NIOSH REL : TWA 25 ppm (125
mg/m )
OSHA PEL †(nengapdxg.html) : none
Measurement MethodsOSHAPV2091
(http://www.osha.gov/dts/sltc/methods/partial/pv2091/pv2091.html)
(http://www.cdc.gov/Other/disclaimer.html)
See: NMAM (/niosh/docs/2003-154/) or OSHA Methods
(http://www.osha.gov/dts/sltc/methods/index.html)
(http://www.cdc.gov/Other/disclaimer.html)
Physical Description Clear, colorless liquid with a distinctive, aromatic odor.
MW:120.2 BP:337°
F
FRZ:-
77°F
Sol:0.006%VP(56°F): 1 mmHg IP:8.27 eV
Sp.Gr:
0.88
Fl.P:
112°
F
UEL:
6.4%LEL:0.9%
Class II Flammable Liquid
Incompatibilities & Reactivities Oxidizers, nitric acid
Exposure Routes inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact
Symptoms irritation eyes, skin, nose, throat, respiratory system; bronchitis; hypochromic anemia;
headache, drowsiness, lassitude (weakness, exhaustion), dizziness, nausea, incoordination; vomiting,
confusion; chemical pneumonitis (aspiration liquid)
Target Organs Eyes, skin, respiratory system, central nervous system, blood
Personal Protection/Sanitation (See
protection codes (protect.html) )
Skin:Prevent skin contact
Eyes:Prevent eye contact
First Aid (See procedures (firstaid.html) )
Eye:Irrigate immediately
Skin:Soap wash
3
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6/26/2013http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0638.html
Page last reviewed: April 4, 2011
Page last updated: November 18, 2010Content source: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Education and Information Division
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1600 Clifton Rd. Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
800-CDC-INFO (800-232-4636) TTY: (888) 232-6348 - Contact CDC–INFO
Wash skin:When contaminated
Remove:When wet or
contaminated
Change:No recommendation
Breathing:Respiratory support
Swallow:Medical attention immediately
Respirator Recommendations
Not available.
Important additional information about respirator selection (pgintrod.html#mustread)
See also: INTRODUCTION (/niosh/npg/pgintrod.html) See ICSC CARD: 1433
(/niosh/ipcsneng/neng1433.html)
Page 2 of 2CDC - NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene
6/26/2013http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0638.html
ICSC:NENG0617 International Chemical Safety Cards (WHO/IPCS/ILO) | CDC/NIOSH
http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ipcsneng/neng0617.html[6/26/2013 2:55:45 AM]
International Chemical Safety Cards
p-CYMENE ICSC: 0617
1-Methyl-4-isopropylbenzene
Dolcymene
Camphogen
C10H14 / CH3C6H4CH(CH3)2
Molecular mass: 134.2
ICSC # 0617
CAS # 99-87-6
RTECS # GZ5950000
UN # 2046
November 04, 1997 Validated
TYPES OFHAZARD/
EXPOSURE
ACUTE HAZARDS/SYMPTOMS PREVENTION FIRST AID/ FIRE FIGHTING
FIRE Flammable. NO open flames, NO sparks, and NO
smoking.
Powder, AFFF, foam, carbon dioxide.
EXPLOSION
Above 47°C explosive vapour/air
mixtures may be formed.
Above 47°C use a closed system,
ventilation, and explosion-proof
electrical equipment. Prevent build-up
of electrostatic charges (e.g., by
grounding).
In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool
by spraying with water.
EXPOSURE PREVENT GENERATION OF
MISTS!
•INHALATION
Dizziness. Drowsiness. Vomiting. Ventilation. Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position.
Artificial respiration if indicated. Refer
for medical attention.
•SKIN
Dry skin. Redness. Protective gloves. Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse
and then wash skin with water and
soap. Wear protective gloves when
administering first aid.
•EYES
Redness. Safety spectacles. First rinse with plenty of water for
several minutes (remove contact lenses
if easily possible), then take to a
doctor.
•INGESTION
Diarrhoea. Drowsiness. Headache.
Nausea. Vomiting. Unconsciousness.
Do not eat, drink, or smoke during
work.
Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce
vomiting. Rest. Refer for medical
attention.
SPILLAGE DISPOSAL STORAGE PACKAGING & LABELLING
Collect leaking liquid in sealable containers.Fireproof.
ICSC:NENG0617 International Chemical Safety Cards (WHO/IPCS/ILO) | CDC/NIOSH
http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ipcsneng/neng0617.html[6/26/2013 2:55:45 AM]
Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert
absorbent and remove to safe place. (Extra
personal protection: filter respirator for
organic gases and vapours).
UN Hazard Class: 3
UN Packing Group: III
SEE IMPORTANT INFORMATION ON BACK
ICSC: 0617 Prepared in the context of cooperation between the International Programme on Chemical Safety & the Commission of the
European Communities (C) IPCS CEC 1994. No modifications to the International version have been made except to add the
OSHA PELs, NIOSH RELs and NIOSH IDLH values.
International Chemical Safety Cards
p-CYMENE ICSC: 0617
I
M
P
O
R
T
A
N
T
D
A
T
A
PHYSICAL STATE; APPEARANCE:
COLOURLESS LIQUID , WITH CHARACTERISTIC
ODOUR.
PHYSICAL DANGERS:
The vapour is heavier than air.
CHEMICAL DANGERS:
Reacts with oxidants. Attacks rubber.
OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS:
TLV not established.
ROUTES OF EXPOSURE:
The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation
of its vapour and by ingestion.
INHALATION RISK:
No indication can be given about the rate in which a
harmful concentration in the air is reached on evaporation
of this substance at 20°C.
EFFECTS OF SHORT-TERM EXPOSURE:
The substance is irritating to the eyes and the skin .
Swallowing the liquid may cause aspiration into the lungs
with the risk of chemical pneumonitis.
EFFECTS OF LONG-TERM OR REPEATED
EXPOSURE:
The liquid defats the skin.
PHYSICAL
PROPERTIES
Boiling point: 177°C
Melting point: -68°C
Relative density (water = 1): 0.85
Solubility in water, g/100 ml at 25°C: 0.002
Vapour pressure, Pa at 20°C: 200
Relative vapour density (air = 1): 4.62
Flash point: 47°C c.c.
Auto-ignition temperature: 435°C
Explosive limits, vol% in air: 0.7-5.6
Octanol/water partition coefficient as log Pow: 4.1
ENVIRONMENTAL
DATA
N O T E S
Transport Emergency Card: TEC (R)-30G35
ICSC:NENG0617 International Chemical Safety Cards (WHO/IPCS/ILO) | CDC/NIOSH
http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ipcsneng/neng0617.html[6/26/2013 2:55:45 AM]
NFPA Code: H2; F2; R0;
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
ICSC: 0617 p-CYMENE
(C) IPCS, CEC, 1994
IMPORTANT
LEGAL
NOTICE:
Neither NIOSH, the CEC or the IPCS nor any person acting on behalf of NIOSH, the CEC or the IPCS is responsible for the
use which might be made of this information. This card contains the collective views of the IPCS Peer Review Committee and
may not reflect in all cases all the detailed requirements included in national legislation on the subject. The user should verify
compliance of the cards with the relevant legislation in the country of use. The only modifications made to produce the U.S.
version is inclusion of the OSHA PELs, NIOSH RELs and NIOSH IDLH values.
May 1994
Documentation for Immediately Dangerous To Life or Health
Concentrations (IDLHs)
Coal tar pitch volatiles
CAS number:65996–93–2
NIOSH REL:0.1 mg/m (cyclohexane-extractable fraction) TWA; NIOSH considers coal tar
pitch volatiles to be potential occupational carcinogens as defined by the OSHA carcinogen
policy [29 CFR 1990].
Current OSHA PEL:0.2 mg/m (benzene-soluble fraction) TWA
1989 OSHA PEL:Same as current PEL
1993-1994 ACGIH TLV:0.2 mg/m (benzene-soluble fraction) TWA, A1
Description of Substance:Black or dark-brown amorphous residue.
LEL:. . Unknown
Original (SCP) IDLH:700 mg/m [*Note: "Effective" IDLH = 400 mg/m -- see discussion
below.]
Basis for original (SCP) IDLH:Redmond et al. [1972] have shown that the major health
effects resulting from long-term repeated exposure to coal tar pitch volatiles (CTPV) are cancer
of the lung, kidney, and skin; however, no studies have been made on carcinogenic effects by
any route from single short-term exposure to CTPV that could relate to a 30-minute IDLH.
Therefore, reliance must be placed on comparative data of single versus repeated carcinogenic
doses of benzo(a)pyrene [B(a)P], a known component of CTPV. Bingham [1971] reported that
B(a)P applied in a single dose of 2 mg to the skin of mice yielded tumors in 10% to 20% of the
animals whereas 0.01 mg B(a)P applied in a noncarcinogenic solvent applied to the skin
3 times/week for 50 weeks yielded tumors in 50% of the animals. Thus, a single dose
producing about 1/3 the number of tumors was 200 times the repeated 3 times/week dose.
Using this factor and the value of 0.6 mg/m CTPV reported by Mazumdar et al. [1975] as safe
for coke oven workers, a total dose IDLH of 120 mg CTPV (as benzene solubles) is calculated;
by using 7.5 liters as the minute volume of coke oven workers and a 75% lung retention of
CTPV a 30-minute IDLH is calculated to be about 700 mg/m (as benzene solubles). However,
because of the assigned protection factor afforded by each device, 400 mg/m (i.e.,
2,000 × the PEL) is the concentration above which only the "most protective" respirators are
permitted.
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Short-term exposure guidelines:None developed
ACUTE TOXICITY DATA
Lethal concentration data:
Species Reference
LC50
(ppm)
LCLo
(ppm)Time
Adjusted 0.5-hr
LC (CF)
Derived
value
Pyrene
Rat Potapova et al. 1971 170 mg/m ----- ? ? ?
Lethal dose data:
Species Reference Route
LD50
(mg/kg)
LDLo
(mg/kg)Adjusted LD Derived
value
Pyrene
Rat
Mouse
Potapova et al.
1971
Potapova et al.
1971
oral
oral
2,700
800
-----
-----
18,900 mg/m
5,600 mg/m
1,890 mg/m
560 mg/m
Anthracene
Mouse Nogochy 1969 oral ----- > 17,000
> 119,000
mg/m
> 11,900
mg/m
Phenanthrene
Mouse Rakhmanina
1964 oral 700 ----- 4,900 mg/m 490 mg/m
Other animal data:The major health effects resulting from long-term repeated exposure to
coal tar pitch volatiles (CTPV) are cancer of the lung, kidney, and skin [Redmond et al. 1972];
however, no studies have been made on carcinogenic effects by any route from single short-
term exposure to CTPV that could relate to a 30-minute IDLH. Therefore, reliance must be
placed on comparative data of single versus repeated carcinogenic doses of benzo(a)pyrene [B
(a)P], a known component of CTPV. It has been reported that B(a)P applied in a single dose of
2 mg to the skin of mice yielded tumors in 10% to 20% of the animals whereas 0.01 mg B(a)P
applied in a noncarcinogenic solvent applied to the skin 3 times/week for 50 weeks yielded
tumors in 50% of the animals [Bingham 1971]. Thus, a single dose producing about 1/3 the
number of tumors was 200 times the repeated 3 times/week dose. Using this factor and the
value of 0.6 mg/m CTPV reported as safe for coke oven workers [Mazumdar et al. 1975], a total
dose IDLH of 120 mg CTPV (as benzene solubles) is calculated; by using 50 liters as the minute
volume of workers and 100% lung retention of CTPV, a 30-minute IDLH is calculated to be
about 80 mg/m (as benzene solubles).
Human data:None relevant for use in determining the revised IDLH.
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Page 2 of 3CDC - Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLH): Coal tar pitch v...
6/26/2013http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/idlh/65996932.html
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1600 Clifton Rd. Atlanta, GA
30333, USA
800-CDC-INFO (800-232-4636) TTY: (888) 232-6348 - Contact CDC–INFO
Revised IDLH:80 mg/m (as the benzene-soluble fraction)
Basis for revised IDLH:The revised IDLH for coal tar pitch volatiles is 80 mg/m (as the
benzene-soluble fraction) based on toxicity data in animals [Bingham 1971; Mazumdar et al.
1975; Redmond et al. 1972] (see discussion above). [Note: NIOSH recommends as part of its
carcinogen policy that the "most protective" respirators be worn for coal tar pitch volatiles at
concentrations above 0.1 mg/m (cyclohexane-extractable fraction).]
REFERENCES:
1. Bingham E [1971]. Thresholds in cancer inductions. If they do exist, do they shift? Arch
Environ Health 22:692-695.
2. Mazumdar S, Redmond C, Sollecito W, Sussman N [1975]. An epidemiological study of
exposure to coal tar pitch volatiles among coke oven workers. J Air Pollut Control Assoc 25
(4):382-389.
3. Nagochy PA [1969]. Comparative study of the toxicity of pure and technical anthracene. Gig
Tr Prof Zabol 13(5):59 (in Russian).
4. Potapova AN, Kapitulsky VB, et al. [1971]. Toxicological evaluation of pyrene. Gig Tr Prof
Zabol 15(2):59 (in Russian).
5. Rakhmanina NL [1964]. Establishing standards for the phenanthrene and pyrene contents
in water bodies. Gig Sanit 29(6):19-23 (translated).
6. Redmond CK, Ciocco A, Lloyd JW, Rush HW [1972]. Long-term mortality study of steel
workers. VI. Mortality from malignant neoplasms among coke oven workers. J Occup Med 14
(8):621-629.
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Report on Carcinogens, Twelfth Edition (2011)
National Toxicology Program, Department of Health and Human Services
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons:
15 Listings
Reasonably anticipated to be human carcinogens
Also known as PAHs or polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons
The term “polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon” (PAH) commonly refers
to a large class of organic compounds that contain carbon and hydro
gen and consist of two or more fused aromatic rings. Fifteen indi
vidual PAHs (not the entire class) are listed separately in the Report
on Carcinogens as reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen:
• Benz[a]anthracene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[j]
fluoranthene, benzo[a]pyrene, dibenz[a,h]acridine,
dibenz[a,j] acridine, dibenz[a,h]anthracene, 7Hdibenzo[c,g]
carbazole, dibenzo[a,h]pyrene, dibenzo[a,i]pyrene, and
indeno[1,2,3cd]pyrene were first listed in the Second Annual
Report on Carcinogens (1981).
• Benzo[k]fluoranthene, dibenzo[a,e]pyrene, dibenzo[a,l]pyrene,
and 5methylchrysene were first listed in the Fifth Annual
Report on Carcinogens (1989).
The chemical structures of the 15 listed PAHs are shown below. Evi
dence for their carcinogenicity from studies in experimental animals
is then discussed separately for each PAH. However, most of the in
formation on mechanisms of carcinogenesis, cancer studies in hu
mans, use, production, exposure, and regulations is common to all 15
listed PAHs and therefore is discussed for the overall class of PAHs,
following the discussions of cancer studies in experimental animals.
Benz[a]anthracene
CAS No. 56-55-3
Also known as BA
Benzo[b]fluoranthene
CAS No. 205-99-2
Also known as B[b]F
Benzo[j]fluoranthene
CAS No. 205-82-3
Also known as B[j]F
Benzo[k]fluoranthene
CAS No. 207-08-9
Also known as B[k]F
Benzo[a]pyrene
CAS No. 50-32-8
Also known as B[a]P
Dibenz[a,h]acridine
CAS No. 226-36-8
Also known as DB[a,h]AC
N
Dibenz[a,j]acridine
CAS No. 224-42-0
Also known as DB[a,j]AC
N
Dibenz[a,h]anthracene
CAS No. 53-70-3
Also known as DB[a,h]A
Table of Contents: http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/go/roc12
Page 353
Report on Carcinogens, Twelfth Edition (2011)
National Toxicology Program, Department of Health and Human Services
7H-Dibenzo[c,g]carbazole
CAS No. 194-59-2
Also known as 7HDB[c,g]C
NH
Dibenzo[a,e]pyrene
CAS No. 192-65-4
Also known as DB[a,e]P
Dibenzo[a,h]pyrene
CAS No. 189-64-0
Also known as DB[a,h]P
Dibenzo[a,i]pyrene
CAS No. 189-55-9
Also known as DB[a,i]P
Dibenzo[a,l]pyrene
CAS No. 191-30-0
Also known as DB[a,l]P or dibenzo[def,p]chrysene
Indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene
CAS No. 193-39-5
Also known as IP
5-Methylchrysene
CAS No. 3697-24-3
Also known as 5MC
H3C
Carcinogenicity
The 15 individual PAHs are reasonably anticipated to be human car-
cinogens based on sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity from stud
ies in experimental animals.
Cancer Studies in Experimental Animals
Benz[a]anthracene
Benz[a]anthracene caused tumors in mice at several different tissue
sites and by several different routes of exposure. Benz[a]anthracene
administered by stomach tube to adult mice or by subcutaneous in
jection to newborn mice caused benign or malignant lung tumors
(adenoma or adenocarcinoma). Administration by stomach tube also
caused liver cancer (hepatocelluar carcinoma) in adult mice. Benz[a]
anthracene caused tumors in mice at the site of administration: skin
tumors were observed after application to the skin, cancer at the injec
tion site (sarcoma) after subcutaneous injection, and urinarybladder
cancer (carcinoma) after implantation in the bladder (IARC 1973).
Since benz[a]anthracene was listed in the Second Annual Report
on Carcinogens, additional studies in mice have been identified. In
newborn mice, intraperitoneal injection of benz[a]anthracene caused
benign lung tumors (adenoma) in both sexes and benign or malig
nant liver tumors (adenoma or carcinoma) in males (Levin et al. 1984,
Wislocki et al. 1986, Von Tungeln et al. 1999).
Benzo[b]fluoranthene
Benzo[b]fluoranthene caused tumors in mice by two different routes
of exposure. Dermal application of benzo[b]fluoranthene caused skin
tumors, and subcutaneous injection of benzo[b]fluoranthene caused
cancer at the injection site (sarcoma) (IARC 1973). Since benzo[b]
fluoranthene was listed in the Second Annual Report on Carcinogens,
additional studies in rodents have been identified. Benzo[b]fluor
anthene caused lung cancer (carcinoma) in female rats exposed by
intrapulmonary implantation (DeutschWenzel et al. 1983). Intraper
itoneal injection of benzo[b]fluoranthene caused benign lung tumors
(adenoma) in male strain A/J mice (a strain with a high spontaneous
incidence of lung cancer) (Ross et al. 1995, Nesnow et al. 1998) and
benign or malignant liver tumors (hepatocellular adenoma or carci
noma) in newborn male mice (Lavoie et al. 1987).
Report on Carcinogens, Twelfth Edition (2011)
National Toxicology Program, Department of Health and Human Services
Benzo[j]fluoranthene
Dermal exposure to benzo[j]fluoranthene caused benign or malignant
skin tumors (papilloma or carcinoma) in female mice (IARC 1973).
Since benzo[j]fluoranthene was listed in the Second Annual Report
on Carcinogens, additional studies in rodents have been identified. In
trapulmonary injection of benzo[j]fluoranthene caused lung cancer
(squamouscell carcinoma) in female rats (IARC 1983). In newborn
mice, intraperitoneal injection of benzo[j]fluoranthene caused benign
and malignant lung tumors (alveolar/bronchiolar adenoma and car
cinoma) in both sexes and benign or malignant liver tumors (hepato
cellular adenoma or carcinoma) in males (Lavoie et al. 1987, 1994).
Benzo[k]fluoranthene
Benzo[k]fluoranthene caused tumors in two rodent species, at two
different tissue sites, and by two different routes of exposure. Intra
pulmonary injection of benzo[k]fluoranthene caused lung cancer
(squamouscell carcinoma) in female rats, and subcutaneous injec
tion of benzo[k] fluoranthene caused cancer at the injection site (sar
coma) in mice of both sexes (IARC 1983).
Benzo[a]pyrene
Benzo[a]pyrene caused tumors in eight species, including nonhu
man primates, at several different tissue sites, and by several different
routes of exposure. Benzo[a]pyrene had both local and systemic car
cinogenic effects and caused tumors after a single dose, after prenatal
exposure, and in newborn mice. Benzo[a]pyrene caused lung tumors
(1) in mice after dietary exposure, prenatal exposure, or subcutane
ous or intravenous injection, (2) in rats after administration in the tra
chea or the bronchus, and (3) in hamsters and nonhuman primates
after intratracheal instillation (Andervont and Shimkin 1940, IARC
1973). Oral administration (in the diet or drinking water or by stom
ach tube) also caused forestomach and esophageal tumors in mice
and hamsters, intestinal tumors in hamsters, and mammarygland
tumors in female rats (Horie et al. 1965, IARC 1973). Mammary
gland tumors in rats were also observed after intravenous injection.
Benzo[a]pyrene caused skin tumors in prenatally exposed mice and
in dermally exposed mice, rats, and rabbits. Cancer at the injection
site (sarcoma or fibrosarcoma) was observed in mice, rats, hamsters,
guinea pigs, newts, monkeys, and nonhuman primates exposed by
subcutaneous injection and in mice exposed by intraperitoneal in
jection (IARC 1973).
Since benzo[a]pyrene was listed in the Second Annual Report on
Carcinogens, numerous additional studies in experimental animals
have been identified. These studies reported that benzo[a] pyrene
caused tumors (1) by additional routes of exposure (including in
halation and other types of injections), (2) in additional species of
experimental animals (including fish), and (3) at several additional tis
sue sites. In studies published since the early 1980s, benzo[a] pyrene
caused tumors at the following tissue sites:
• The upper respiratory system (mainly the nose and larynx)
and upper digestive system (mainly the pharynx, but also the
forestomach and esophagus) in male hamsters exposed by
inhalation (Thyssen et al. 1981).
• Lymphoma in mice exposed by intraperitoneal injection
(IARC 2010) or intracolonic injection (Toth 1980, Anderson
et al. 1983) and in transgenic male and female mice following
oral exposure (de Vries et al. 1997, Kroese et al. 1997).
• The liver in male mice exposed prenatally (Anderson et al.
1995) or by intraperitoneal injection (Wislocki et al. 1986,
Lavoie et al. 1987, Rodriguez et al. 1997, Von Tungeln et
al. 1999) and in fish following dietary exposure (Hendricks
et al. 1985, Hawkins et al. 1988), intraperitoneal injection
(Hendricks et al. 1985), or injection into the fish embryo
(transchorionic injection) (Black et al. 1988).
• The tongue and larynx (papilloma or carcinoma) in female
mice following dietary exposure (Culp et al. 1998, Goldstein
et al. 1998).
• The anus in mice of both sexes exposed by intracolonic
injection (Toth 1980).
• The cervix in female mice exposed by intravaginal injection
(Näslund et al. 1987).
Other studies (not described here) confirmed the earlier findings or
found that benzo[a]pyrene caused tumors at similar tissue sites in
additional species or by additional routes of exposure. Lung tumors
were observed following exposure by (1) intratracheal or intrabron
chial instillation in female mice (Kim and Lee 1996) and in rabbits
of both sexes (Hirao et al. 1980), (2) intracolonic injection in female
mice (Anderson et al. 1983), (3) intrafetal administration in mice of
both sexes (Rossi et al. 1983), and (4) intrapulmonary injection in
rats (DeutschWenzel 1983, WenzelHartung 1990). Intracolonic in
jection of benzo[a]pyrene in mice also caused tumors at tissue sites
where it had previously been shown to cause tumors by other routes
of exposure: the forestomach, esophagus, mammary gland, and skin
(Toth 1980, Anderson et al. 1983). Benzo[a]pyrene caused forestom
ach tumors in mice exposed by intraperitoneal injection (Weyand
et al. 1995), mammarygland tumors in rats exposed by intramam
mary injection (Cavalieri et al. 1988, 1991), and sarcoma in mice ex
posed by intraperitoneal injection. Benzo[a]pyrene implanted in the
buccal cavity caused intestinal tumors in rats (Solt et al. 1987), and
a single intraperitoneal injection of benzo[a]pyrene caused abdom
inal tumors (mesothelioma and sarcoma) in rats (Roller et al. 1992).
Dibenz[a,h]acridine
Dibenz[a,h]acridine caused tumors in mice at several different tis
sue sites and by several different routes of exposure. Subcutaneous
or intravenous injection of dibenz[a,h]acridine caused lung tumors;
subcutaneous injection also caused cancer at the injection site (sar
coma), and dermal exposure caused skin tumors (IARC 1973). Since
dibenz[a,h] acridine was listed in the Second Annual Report on Carcin-
ogens, one study in rats has been identified. Intrapulmonary implan
tation of pellets containing dibenz[a,h]acridine caused lung cancer
(carcinoma) in female rats (DeutschWenzel 1983).
Dibenz[a,j]acridine
Dibenz[a,j]acridine caused tumors in mice at several different tissue
sites and by two different routes of exposure. Dermal exposure to
dibenz[a,j] acridine in mice caused benign or malignant skin tumors
(papilloma, carcinoma, or epithelioma). Subcutaneous injection of
dibenz[a,j]acridine caused cancer at the injection site (sarcoma) in all
mouse strains tested and lung tumors in strain A mice (a strain with
a high spontaneous incidence of lung cancer) (IARC 1973).
Dibenz[a,h]anthracene
Dibenz[a,h]anthracene caused tumors in several species of experi
mental animals, at several different tissue sites, and by several dif
ferent routes of administration. Dibenz[a,h]anthracene caused lung
tumors in mice after a single intravenous or subcutaneous injec
tion (IARC 1973), in newborn mice after intraperitoneal injection
(Buening et al. 1979), and in hamsters after intratracheal instillation
(Pott et al. 1978, as cited in IARC 2010). In mice, oral exposure to
dibenz[a,h]anthracene caused cancer of the lung (adenomatosis or
alveologenic carcinoma) and mammary gland (carcinoma), benign
or malignant tumors of the forestomach (squamouscell papilloma
or carcinoma), and tumors of the blood vessels (hemangioendothe
Report on Carcinogens, Twelfth Edition (2011)
National Toxicology Program, Department of Health and Human Services
lioma) (IARC 1973). Exposure to dibenz[a,h]anthracene by injection
or dermal application also caused local tumors: (1) cancer at the in
jection site (sarcoma) in rats, guinea pigs, and adult and newborn
mice exposed by subcutaneous injection and in pigeons and fowl
exposed by intramuscular injection, (2) kidney cancer (adenocarci
noma) in frogs exposed by injection into the kidneys, and (3) benign
or malignant skin tumors (papilloma or carcinoma) in mice exposed
dermally (IARC 1973).
Since dibenz[a,h]anthracene was listed in the Second Annual Re-
port on Carcinogens, additional studies in rodents have been identified.
Lung tumors were observed following administration of dibenz[a,h]
anthracene by intraperitoneal injection in male strain A/J mice (in
creased tumor incidence and number of tumors per animal) (Ross et
al. 1995, Nesnow et al. 1996, 1998) and by intrapulmonary implan
tation in female rats (WenzelHartung et al. 1990). Intraperitoneal
injection of dibenz[a,h]anthracene also caused benign and malig
nant liver tumors (adenoma and carcinoma) in newborn male mice
(Fu et al. 1998).
7H-Dibenzo[c,g]carbazole
7HDibenzo[c,g]carbazole caused tumors in several species of ex
perimental animals, at several different tissue sites, and by several
different routes of exposure. Administration of 7Hdibenzo[c,g]
carbazole by stomach tube caused benign and malignant tumors of
the liver (hepatocellular adenoma and carcinoma) and forestomach
(papilloma and carcinoma) in mice. Administration by intravenous
injection or subcutaneous injection caused lung tumors in mice, and
administration by intratracheal instillation caused respiratorysystem
cancer (squamouscell adenocarcinoma and carcinoma of the bron
chus, trachea, and larynx) in hamsters. In mice and rats, administra
tion by subcutaneous injection also caused cancer at the injection
site (sarcoma), and dermal application caused benign and malig
nant skin tumors (papilloma and carcinoma). In a dog, injection of
7Hdibenzo[c,g]carbazole into the urinary bladder (intravesicular in
jection) caused benign and malignant urinarybladder tumors (tran
sitionalcell papilloma and carcinoma) (IARC 1973).
Since 7Hdibenzo[c,g]carbazole was listed in the Second Annual
Report on Carcinogens, additional studies in mice have been iden
tified, in which additional routes of exposure to 7Hdibenzo[c,g]
carbazole were reported to cause liver, skin, and lung tumors. Dermal
exposure or subcutaneous injection caused benign or malignant liver
tumors (hepatocellular adenoma or carcinoma) (Warshawsky et al.
1994, Mitchell and Warshawsky 1999, TarasValero et al. 2000), and
subcutaneous injection also caused skin tumors (TarasValero et al.
2000). In male strain A/J mice, a single intraperitoneal injection of
7Hdibenzo[c,g]carbazole caused benign lung tumors (adenoma)
(Warshawsky et al. 1996, Gray et al. 2001).
Dibenzo[a,e]pyrene
Dibenzo[a,e]pyrene caused tumors in mice at two different tissue
sites and by two different routes of exposure. Dermal exposure to
dibenzo[a,e]pyrene caused benign and malignant skin tumors (car
cinoma, epithelioma, and papilloma) in females, and subcutaneous
injection of dibenzo[a,e] pyrene caused cancer at the injection site
(sarcoma) in both sexes (IARC 1973).
Dibenzo[a,h]pyrene
Dibenzo[a,h]pyrene caused tumors in two rodent species, at two dif
ferent tissue sites, and by several different routes of administration.
Dermal exposure to dibenzo[a,h]pyrene caused benign and malig
nant skin tumors (papilloma, sebaceousgland adenoma, epithelioma,
and carcinoma) in mice of both sexes (IARC 1973). Cancer at the site
of administration (sarcoma) was observed in mice of both sexes fol
lowing subcutaneous injection of dibenzo[a,h]pyrene and in female
rats following subcutaneous implantation of paraffin disks contain
ing dibenzo[a,h]pyrene (IARC 1973, Bahna et al. 1979).
Since dibenzo[a,h]pyrene was listed in the Second Annual Report
on Carcinogens, additional studies in rodents have been identified.
Intraperitoneal injection of newborn mice with dibenzo[a,h]pyrene
caused lung tumors in both sexes and liver tumors in males (Chang
et al. 1982). In female rats, intramammary injection of dibenzo[a,h]
pyrene caused cancer of the mammary gland (fibrosarcoma or adeno
carcinoma) (Cavalieri et al. 1989), and subcutaneous injection caused
cancer at the injection site (sarcoma) (Bahna et al. 1979).
Dibenzo[a,i]pyrene
Dibenzo[a,i]pyrene caused tumors in two rodent species, at two dif
ferent tissue sites, and by several different routes of administration.
Dermal exposure to dibenzo[a,h]pyrene caused benign or malignant
skin tumors (papilloma or epithelioma) in mice, and subcutaneous
injection caused cancer at the injection site (sarcoma) in mice and
hamsters (IARC 1973).
Since dibenzo[a,i]pyrene was listed in the Second Annual Report
on Carcinogens, additional studies in rodents have been identified.
Intraperitoneal injection of newborn mice with dibenzo[a,i]pyrene
caused lung tumors in both sexes and liver tumors in males (Chang
et al. 1982), and intratracheal instillation caused respiratorysystem
cancer (mostly squamouscell carcinoma, but also adenocarcinoma
and anaplastic carcinoma) in hamsters of both sexes (Sellakumar
and Shubik 1974, Stenbäck and Sellakumar 1974). Dibenzo[a,i]
pyrene administered by intramammary injection caused cancer of
the mammary gland (fibrosarcoma and adenocarcinoma) in female
rats (Cavalieri et al. 1989).
Dibenzo[a,l]pyrene
Dibenzo[a,l]pyrene caused tumors in mice at two different tissue sites
and by two different routes of exposure. Subcutaneous injection of
dibenzo[a,l]pyrene caused cancer at the injection site (sarcoma) in
mice of both sexes (IARC 1973), and dermal exposure caused skin
tumors in female mice (IARC 1983).
Since dibenzo[a,l]pyrene was listed in the Fifth Annual Report on
Carcinogens, additional studies in experimental animals have been
identified, which reported that dibenzo[a,l]pyrene caused tumors
(1) by additional routes of exposure (oral, prenatal, and intraperi
toneal injection), (2) in additional species of experimental animals
(rats, hamsters, and fish), and (3) at additional tissue sites, includ
ing sites distant from the route of administration. Administration of
dibenzo[a,l]pyrene by stomach tube to female mice caused ovarian
tumors (predominately granulosa) (Buters et al. 2002). Dietary ad
ministration of dibenzo[a,l]pyrene to fish caused benign or malignant
liver tumors (hepatocellular adenoma or carcinoma or cholangio
cellular adenoma) and benign tumors of the stomach (papillary ade
noma) and swim bladder (papillary adenoma) (Reddy et al. 1999a,b).
Intraperitoneal injection of dibenzo[a,l]pyrene caused lung tumors
in strain A/J mice (Prahalad et al. 1997). Lung and liver tumors were
observed in prenatally exposed mice (Yu et al. 2006) and in new
born mice exposed by intraperitoneal injection (Platt et al. 2004);
lung tumors occurred in both sexes, and liver tumors in males. In
addition, prenatal exposure to dibenzo[a,l]pyrene caused Tcell lym
phoblastic lymphoma in mice of both sexes (Yu et al. 2006). Local
tumors also were observed in rats and hamsters: intramammary in
jection of dibenzo[a,l]pyrene caused mammarygland cancer (ade
nocarcinoma or fibrosarcoma) in female rats (Cavalieri et al. 1989,
1991), and application of dibenzo[a,l]pyrene directly to the tongue
Report on Carcinogens, Twelfth Edition (2011)
National Toxicology Program, Department of Health and Human Services
caused cancer of the oral cavity (squamouscell carcinoma) in female
hamsters (Schwartz et al. 2004).
Indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene
Indeno[1,2,3cd]pyrene caused tumors in mice at two different tis
sue sites and by two different routes of exposure. Dermal exposure
to indeno[1,2,3cd] pyrene caused benign and malignant skin tumors
(papilloma and carcinoma) in females, and subcutaneous injection
caused cancer at the injection site (sarcoma) in males (IARC 1973).
Since indeno[1,2,3cd]pyrene was listed in the Second Annual Report
on Carcinogens, an additional study in rodents has been identified. In
trapulmonary administration of indeno[1,2,3cd]pyrene caused lung
cancer (carcinoma) in female rats (DeutschWenzel 1983).
5-Methylchrysene
5Methylchrysene caused tumors in mice at two different tissue
sites and by two different routes of exposure. Dermal exposure to
5methyl chrysene caused skin cancer (carcinoma) in females, and
subcutaneous injection caused cancer at the injection site (sarcoma)
in males (IARC 1983). Since 5methylchrysene was listed in the Fifth
Annual Report on Carcinogens, additional studies in mice have been
identified. Intraperitoneal injection of 5methylchrysene caused lung
tumors in male strain A mice (Ross et al. 1995, Nesnow et al. 1998)
and lung and liver tumors in newborn mice of both sexes (Hecht et
al. 1985, elBayoumy et al. 1989).
Studies on Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis
Most PAHs with potential biological activity range in size from two
to six fused aromatic rings (IARC 2010). Because of the vast range
in molecular weight of PAHs, several of the physicochemical proper
ties that are critical to their biological activity also vary greatly. Five
properties in particular have a decisive influence on the biological ac
tivity of PAHs: their vapor pressure, their adsorption on surfaces of
solid carrier particles, their absorption into liquid carriers, their lipid
aqueous partition coefficient in tissues, and their limits of solubility
in the lipid and aqueous phases of tissues. These properties are inti
mately linked with the metabolic activation of the most toxic PAHs,
and an understanding of the nature of this interaction helps in the
understanding of their deposition and disposition. It has been pro
posed that PAHs share a similar mechanism of carcinogenic action.
In general, PAHs are converted to oxides and dihydrodiols, which in
turn are oxidized to diol epoxides. Both oxides and diol epoxides are
ultimate DNAreactive metabolites. PAH oxides can form stable DNA
adducts, and diol epoxides can form stable and depurinating adducts
with DNA through formation of electrophilic carbonium ions. Most
of the 15 listed PAHs have been shown to be initiators of skin cancer
(IARC 1983, 2010). The International Agency for Research on Cancer
concluded that benzo[a]pyrene was carcinogenic to humans based
on data on the mechanism of carcinogenicity (IARC 2010).
Cancer Studies in Humans
No epidemiological studies on exposure to the individual PAHs were
identified. Individual PAHs are found in the environment not in iso
lation but as components of highly complex mixtures of chemicals.
PAHs are very widespread environmental contaminants, because they
are formed during incomplete combustion of materials such as coal,
oil, gas, wood, or garbage or during pyrolysis of other organic ma
terial, such as tobacco or charbroiled meat. Data on the carcinoge
nicity of PAHs in humans are available only for mixtures containing
PAHs. It is difficult to ascertain the carcinogenicity of the component
PAHs in these mixtures because of potential chemical interactions
and the presence of other carcinogenic substances in the mixtures.
In 2005, IARC reevaluated PAHs. Although certain occupations with
high PAH exposure (e.g., coal gasification and coke production) were
classified as carcinogenic in humans, the roles of individual PAHs
could not be defined (IARC 2010).
Properties
Three of the listed PAHs (dibenz[a,h]acridine, dibenz[a,j]acridine,
and 7Hdibenzo[c,g]carbazole) contain a nitrogen atom as part of a
ring and therefore are classified as heterocyclic PAHs. The PAHs can
exist as leaflets, plates, needles, or at room temperature and range in
color from colorless to yellow, green or blue. All PAHs are soluble in
water and slightly soluble in ethanol, acetone or acid; most are solu
ble in benzene. Physical and chemical properties of the 15 PAHs are
listed in the table below. In addition to the properties listed in the ta
ble, benzo[a]pyrene has a specific gravity of 1.351 and a vapor den
sity relative to air of 8.7, and dibenzo[a,h]anthracene has a specific
gravity of 1.282 (HSDB 2009).
Use
IARC (1983) reported that no commercial uses or applications were
known for dibenzo[a,h]pyrene, dibenzo[a,i]pyrene, and 5meth
ylchrysene. The remaining twelve listed PAHs are used only in bio
chemical, biomedical, laboratory, or cancer research (HSDB 2009).
At least five of the listed PAHs are present in coal tar, which is used as
a fuel in the steel industry in openhearth and blast furnaces (HSDB
2009). Coal tar is also used in the clinical treatment of skin disorders
such as eczema, dermatitis, and psoriasis. Coal tar is distilled to pro
duce a variety of products, including coaltar pitch and creosote. At
least two of the listed PAHs are present in coaltar pitch, which is
used primarily as a binder for aluminum smelting electrodes in the
aluminum reduction process. Coaltar pitch is also used in roofing,
in surface coatings, for pitchcoke production, and for a variety of
other applications (IARC 1985). At least two of the listed PAHs are
found in creosote, which is used to preserve railroad ties, marine
pilings, and telephone poles. Some creosote is used for fuel by steel
producers (NIOSH 1977). At least three of the listed PAHs are pres
ent in bitumens and asphalt, which are used for paving roads, sound
and waterproofing, and coating pipes.
Production
PAHs are not produced for commercial use in the United States
(IARC 1983, HSDB 2009). Production data for tar, tar pitch, cre
osote, mineral oils, and coke, which contain various PAHs, are in
cluded in their respective profiles in the Report on Carcinogens (see
Coal Tars and CoalTar Pitches, CokeOven Emissions, and Mineral
Oils: Untreated and Mildly Treated).
Exposure
PAHs are ubiquitous in the environment, and the general population
is exposed to measurable background levels (IPCS 1998). Sources of
PAHs in ambient air (both outdoors and indoors) include forest fires,
volcanoes, industrial emissions, residential and commercial heating
with wood, coal, or other biomass fuels (oil and gas heating pro
duce much lower quantities of PAHs), motorvehicle exhaust (espe
cially diesel), and other indoor sources such as cooking and tobacco
smoke (IARC 1983, IPCS 1998). Food is a major source of exposure
to PAHs for the general population (IPCS 1998). Skin contact with
PAHcontaminated soils and the use of dermally applied pharmaceu
tical products based on coal tar also have been identified as sources
of exposure for the general population (Jongen eelen et al. 1985, Viau
and Vyskocil 1995, IPCS 1998, Jongeneelen 2001).
Report on Carcinogens, Twelfth Edition (2011)
National Toxicology Program, Department of Health and Human Services
According to the U.S. Environmental Proection Agency’s Toxics
Release Inventory, industrial releases of PAHs to the environment
peaked in 2000, when over 4.9 million pounds was released, mostly
to onsite and offsite landfills and to air. Releases have been relatively
stable at a lower level since 2002. In 2008, 1,192 facilities released
over 1.2 million pounds of PAHs to air, water, or on or offsite land
fills (mostly to air or landfills) (TRI 2010).
In the past, benzo[a]pyrene often was used as a marker for mea
suring exposure to PAHs. However, it is now possible or even com
mon to measure many PAHs individually. Mean concentrations
of individual PAHs in ambient urban air usually range from 1 to
30 ng/m3 (IPCS 1998). The concentrations of PAHs in the air during
winter, when residential heating is a major source, generally are at
least an order of magnitude higher than those in summer (IPCS 1998).
Areas near sources such as motorvehicle traffic also have higher air
concentrations of PAHs. For individuals who smoke, mainstream
tobacco smoke is a major source of exposure to PAHs. Concentra
tions of total PAHs in mainstream smoke ranged from 1 to 1.6 μg/
cigarette. Sidestream smoke is a major source of PAHs in indoor air.
Concentrations of benzo[a]pyrene in sidestream smoke ranged from
52 to 95 ng/cigarette — more than three times the concentration in
mainstream smoke.
PAHs in water may originate from surface runoff (e.g., from the
erosion of asphalt pavement or from air deposition of smaller par
ticles) (IPCS 1998). Industrial effluents also can contribute to PAH
concentrations in surface waters. However, concentrations of PAHs
in water usually are very low, because of their low solubility. Surface
water concentrations typically do not exceed 50 ng/L; higher concen
trations are found in more contaminated areas. PAH concentrations
are higher in rainwater than in surface waters (100 to 200 ng/L, with
some samples exceeding 1,000 ng/L). Because PAHs have very high
octanolwater partition coefficients (log Kow), they bind tightly to
soil particles and are relatively immobile in soil; therefore, concen
trations in groundwater and drinking water typically are very low
(0.02 to 1.8 ng/L), and concentrations of PAHs in sediment may be
very high, ranging up to several thousand micrograms per kilogram.
Estimates of daily PAH intake from food vary widely, ranging from
a few nanograms to a few micrograms per person. Sources of PAHs in
the diet include barbecued, grilled, broiled, and smokecured meats;
roasted, baked, and fried foods (prepared by hightemperature pro
cessing); breads, cereals, and grains (at least in part from gas or flame
drying of grains); and vegetables grown in contaminated soil or with
surface contamination from atmospheric deposition of PAHs (IARC
1983, IPCS 1998, JECFA 2005). The Joint United Nations Food and
Agriculture Organization–World Health Organization Expert Com
mittee on Food Additives and Contaminants determined a represen
tative mean daily human intake of benzo[a]pyrene to be 4 ng/kg of
body weight and a highend daily human intake of total PAHs to be
10 ng/kg (JECFA 2005). Among common foods, the highest PAH lev
els were found in grilled or barbecued steak, chicken with skin and
bones, and hamburgers, especially when “well done” or “very well
done” (Larsson et al. 1983, Lijinsky 1991, Lodovici et al. 1995, Ka
zerouni et al. 2001). Because PAHs form on or near the surface of
meat, rather than in the interior, foods that are cooked to the same
degree without being exposed to flames do not show significant lev
els of PAHs. However, a study of PAHs in the Italian diet indicated a
total PAH concentration of about 4 ng/g in fried beef (Lodovici et al.
1995) and benzo[a]pyrene concentrations of up to about 4 ng/g in
welldone grilled meat. PAHs are also introduced by certain methods
of preserving meat and other food products (Lijinsky 1991). In foods
smoked in traditional smoking kilns, the average concentration was
1.2 μg/kg for benzo[a]pyrene and 9 μg/kg for total PAHs, compared
with 0.1 μg/kg for benzo[a]pyrene and 4.5 μg/kg for total PAHs in
foods treated in a modern kiln (Guillen 1994).
Accumulation of PAHs in foods of animal origin, especially live
stock, is due mainly to the consumption of contaminated feed (Ra
mesh et al. 2004). Unprocessed foods such as vegetables, fruits,
vegetable oils, dairy products, and seafood can be contaminated with
PAHs by deposition of particles and vapors from the atmosphere and
uptake from soil, water, and sediment (Roth et al. 1998, Ramesh et
al. 2004). PAH levels are low in cereals and beans, but drying tech
niques used for preservation, such as combustion gas heating and
smoking, increase concentrations of PAHs in these foods. Eggs and
dairy products such as cheese, milk, and butter contain low levels of
PAHs. Consumption of seafood, especially bottomfeeding shellfish
and finfish, may contribute considerably to the amount of PAHs in
the diet. Species near the top of the food chain, such as humans, do
not bioaccumulate PAHs, because of their higher capacity to metab
olize PAHs (Ramesh et al. 2004).
A specific urinary metabolite of pyrene, 1hydroxypyrene, has
been suggested as a biomarker of human exposure to PAHs (Jonge
neelen et al. 1985, Jongeneelen 2001). In representative samples from
the general population, 1hydroxypyrene has been detected in the
urine of nearly all individuals, at median concentrations typically
less than 0.1 μmol/mol of creatinine (Huang et al. 2004). The Na
tional Health and Nutrition Examination Survey analysis of 2,312
urine samples collected from the U.S. general population in 1999 to
2000 found a geometric mean concentration of 1hydroxypyrene of
0.039 μmol/mol of creatinine (95% CI = 0.034 to 0.046 μmol/mol).
The level for adult smokers was three times that for nonsmokers (geo
metric mean = 0.080 vs. 0.025 μmol/mol). These data are comparable
with other recent data on nonoccupationally exposed populations
in Europe and Canada.
Occupational exposure to PAHs is primarily through inhalation
and dermal contact. Industrial processes that involve the pyrolysis
or combustion of coal and the production and use of coalderived
products, including coal tar and coaltarderived products, are major
sources of occupational exposure to PAHs. Workers in coaltar pro
duction plants, coking plants, bitumen and asphalt production plants,
coalgasification sites, smoke houses, aluminumproduction plants,
coaltarring facilities, and municipal trash incinerators are exposed
to PAHs. Exposure may also result from inhaling engine exhaust and
using products that contain PAHs in a variety of other industries, such
as mining, oil refining, metalworking, chemical production, trans
portation, and the electrical industry (Vanrooij et al. 1992). Studies
in Germany measured concentrations of PAHs in the breathing zone
of chimney sweeps during socalled “black work”; the PAHs in the air
samples varied depending on the type of fuel burned (oil, oil/solid,
or solid) (Knecht et al. 1989). Specific occupational exposure to coal
tar, coaltar pitch, creosote, mineral oils, and coke that contain var
ious PAHs is described in the profiles for these substances (see Coal
Tars and CoalTar Pitches, Coke Oven Emissions, and Mineral Oils).
Concentrations of PAHs in coaltar products may range from less
than 1% to 70% or more (ATSDR 2002). Occupational exposure can
lead to PAH body burdens among exposed workers that are consid
erably higher than those in the general population. There is growing
awareness that uptake of PAHs through the skin is substantial (Jon
geneelen 2001). Dermal uptake has been shown to contribute to the
internal exposure of workers to PAHs; a study in the creosote indus
try found that the total internal dose of PAHs did not necessarily
correlate with inhalationexposure levels alone, and that dermal ex
posure contributed significantly (Vanrooij et al. 1992).
Report on Carcinogens, Twelfth Edition (2011)
National Toxicology Program, Department of Health and Human Services
Regulations
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
Clean Air Act
Mobile Source Air Toxics: Polycyclic organic matter is listed as a mobile source air toxic for which regulations are to be developed.National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Polycyclic organic matter is listed as a hazardous air pollutant.Urban Air Toxics Strategy: Polycyclic organic matter is identified as one of 33 hazardous air pollutants that present the greatest threat to public health in urban areas.
Clean Water Act
Effluent Guidelines: Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons are listed as toxic pollutants.Water Quality Criteria: Based on fish or shellfish and water consumption = 0.0038 μg/L for benz[a]anthracene, benzo[a]pyrene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, dibenzo[a,h]anthracene, and indeno[1,2,3,cd]pyrene); based on fish or shellfish consumption only = 0.018 μg/L for benz[a]anthracene, benzo[a]pyrene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, dibenzo[a,h]anthracene, and indeno[1,2,3cd]pyrene.
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act
Reportable quantity (RQ) = ranges from 1 lb to 5,000 lb for the various PAHs.
Emergency Planning and Community Right-To-Know Act
Toxics Release Inventory: All 15 PAHs are listed substances subject to reporting requirements.
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
Listed Hazardous Waste: Waste codes for which the listing is based wholly or partly on the presence of specific PAHs = U018, U022, U063, U064, U137.Numerous specific PAHs are listed as hazardous constituents of waste.
Safe Drinking Water Act
Maximum contaminant level = 0.0002 mg/L for benzo[a]pyrene.
Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
Maximum permissible level in bottled water = 0.0002 mg/L for benzo[a]pyrene.Limits on PAH levels in various color additives are prescribed in 21 CFR 74 and 178.
Guidelines
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)
Threshold limit value – timeweighted average (TLVTWA) = exposure by all routes should be as low as possible for benz[a]anthracene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, and benzo[a]pyrene.
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POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC
HYDROCARBONS (PAHs)
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry ToxFAQs September 1996
SUMMARY: Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons usually occurs by
breathing air contaminated by wild fires or coal tar, or by eating foods that have
been grilled. PAHs have been found in at least 600 of the 1,430 National Priorities
List sites identified by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
This fact sheet answers the most frequently asked health questions (FAQs) about polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons (PAHs). For more information, call the ATSDR Information Center at 1-888-422-8737.
This fact sheet is one in a series of summaries about hazardous substances and their health effects. This
information is important because this substance may harm you. The effects of exposure to any hazardous
substance depend on the dose, the duration, how you are exposed, personal traits and habits, and whether
other chemicals are present.
What are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons?
(Pronounced p∂lÀ≥-s¥ kl≥k ØrÀí-mØt ≥k h¥Àdrí-
kar bínz)
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of
over 100 different chemicals that are formed during the
incomplete burning of coal, oil and gas, garbage, or other
organic substances like tobacco or charbroiled meat. PAHs
are usually found as a mixture containing two or more of
these compounds, such as soot.
Some PAHs are manufactured. These pure PAHs usually
exist as colorless, white, or pale yellow-green solids. PAHs are
found in coal tar, crude oil, creosote, and roofing tar, but a few
are used in medicines or to make dyes, plastics, and pesti
cides.
What happens to PAHs when they enter the
environment?
D PAHs enter the air mostly as releases from volcanoes,
forest fires, burning coal, and automobile exhaust.
D PAHs can occur in air attached to dust particles.
D Some PAH particles can readily evaporate into the air
from soil or surface waters.
D PAHs can break down by reacting with sunlight and other
chemicals in the air, over a period of days to weeks.
D PAHs enter water through discharges from industrial and
wastewater treatment plants.
D Most PAHs do not dissolve easily in water. They stick to
solid particles and settle to the bottoms of lakes or rivers.
D Microorganisms can break down PAHs in soil or water
after a period of weeks to months.
D In soils, PAHs are most likely to stick tightly to particles;
certain PAHs move through soil to contaminate under
ground water.
D PAH contents of plants and animals may be much higher
than PAH contents of soil or water in which they live.
How might I be exposed to PAHs?
D Breathing air containing PAHs in the workplace of
coking, coal-tar, and asphalt production plants; smoke
houses; and municipal trash incineration facilities.
D Breathing air containing PAHs from cigarette smoke,
wood smoke, vehicle exhausts, asphalt roads, or agricul
tural burn smoke.
D Coming in contact with air, water, or soil near hazardous
waste sites.
D Eating grilled or charred meats; contaminated cereals,
flour, bread, vegetables, fruits, meats; and processed or
pickled foods.
D Drinking contaminated water or cow’s milk.
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, Public Health Service
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
Page 2
Federal Recycling Program Printed on Recycled Paper
Where can I get more information? For more information, contact the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease
Registry, Division of Toxicology, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Mailstop F-32, Atlanta, GA 30333. Phone: 1-888-422-8737,
FAX: 770-488-4178. ToxFAQs Internet address via WWW is http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxfaq.html ATSDR can tell you where
to find occupational and environmental health clinics. Their specialists can recognize, evaluate, and treat illnesses resulting
from exposure to hazardous substances. You can also contact your community or state health or environmental quality
department if you have any more questions or concerns.
ToxFAQs Internet address via WWW is http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxfaq.html
POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC
HYDROCARBONS (PAHs)
D Nursing infants of mothers living near hazardous waste
sites may be exposed to PAHs through their mother's milk.
How can PAHs affect my health?
Mice that were fed high levels of one PAH during
pregnancy had difficulty reproducing and so did their off
spring. These offspring also had higher rates of birth defects
and lower body weights. It is not known whether these effects
occur in people.
Animal studies have also shown that PAHs can cause
harmful effects on the skin, body fluids, and ability to fight
disease after both short- and long-term exposure. But these
effects have not been seen in people.
How likely are PAHs to cause cancer?
The Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS)
has determined that some PAHs may reasonably be expected to
be carcinogens.
Some people who have breathed or touched mixtures of
PAHs and other chemicals for long periods of time have
developed cancer. Some PAHs have caused cancer in labora
tory animals when they breathed air containing them (lung
cancer), ingested them in food (stomach cancer), or had them
applied to their skin (skin cancer).
Is there a medical test to show whether I’ve
been exposed to PAHs?
In the body, PAHs are changed into chemicals that can
attach to substances within the body. There are special tests
that can detect PAHs attached to these substances in body
tissues or blood. However, these tests cannot tell whether any
health effects will occur or find out the extent or source of
your exposure to the PAHs. The tests aren’t usually available
in your doctor’s office because special equipment is needed to
conduct them.
Has the federal government made
recommendations to protect human health?
The Occupational Safety and Health Administration
(OSHA) has set a limit of 0.2 milligrams of PAHs per cubic
meter of air (0.2 mg/m3). The OSHA Permissible Exposure
Limit (PEL) for mineral oil mist that contains PAHs is 5 mg/m3
averaged over an 8-hour exposure period.
The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
(NIOSH) recommends that the average workplace air levels for
coal tar products not exceed 0.1 mg/m3 for a 10-hour workday,
within a 40-hour workweek. There are other limits for work
place exposure for things that contain PAHs, such as coal, coal
tar, and mineral oil.
Glossary
Carcinogen: A substance that can cause cancer.
Ingest: Take food or drink into your body.
References
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR).
1995. Toxicological profile for polycyclic aromatic hydrocar
bons. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human
Services, Public Health Service.
NAPHTHALENE
CAS # 91-20-3
1-METHYLNAPHTHALENE
CAS # 90-12-0
2-METHYLNAPHTHALENE
CAS # 91-57-6
Division of Toxicology ToxFAQsTM August 2005
This fact sheet answers the most frequently asked health questions (FAQs) about naphthalene,
1-methylnaphthalene, and 2-methylnaphthalene. For more information, call the ATSDR Information
Center at 1-888-422-8737. This fact sheet is one in a series of summaries about hazardous substances
and their health effects. It is important you understand this information because these substances may
harm you. The effects of exposure to any hazardous substance depend on the dose, the duration, how
you are exposed, personal traits and habits, and whether other chemicals are present.
HIGHLIGHTS: Exposure to naphthalene, 1-methylnaphthalene, or 2-
methylnaphthalene happens mostly from breathing air contaminated from the
burning of wood, tobacco, or fossil fuels, industrial discharges, or moth
repellents. Exposure to large amounts of naphthalene may damage or destroy
some of your red blood cells. Naphthalene has caused cancer in animals.
Naphthalene, 1-methylnaphthalene, and 2-methylnaphthalene have been found
in at least 687, 36, and 412, respectively, of the 1,662 National Priority List
sites identified by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
What are naphthalene, 1-methylnaphthalene, and2-methylnaphthalene?
Naphthalene is a white solid that evaporates easily. Fuels such as
petroleum and coal contain naphthalene. It is also called white
tar, and tar camphor, and has been used in mothballs and moth
flakes. Burning tobacco or wood produces naphthalene. It has a
strong, but not unpleasant smell. The major commercial use of
naphthalene is in the manufacture of polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
plastics. Its major consumer use is in moth repellents and toilet
deodorant blocks.
1-Methylnaphthalene and 2-methylnaphthalene are naphthalene-
related compounds. 1-Methylnaphthalene is a clear liquid and 2-
methylnaphthalene is a solid; both can be smelled in air and in
water at very low concentrations.
1-Methylnaphthalene and 2-methylnaphthalene are used to make
other chemicals such as dyes and resins. 2-Methylnaphthalene is
also used to make vitamin K. What happens to naphthalene,1-methylnaphthalene, and 2-methylnaphthalenewhen they enter the environment?
‘ Naphthalene enters the environment from industrial and
domestic sources, and from accidental spills.
‘ Naphthalene can dissolve in water to a limited degree and may
be present in drinking water from wells close to hazardous waste
sites and landfills.
‘ Naphthalene can become weakly attached to soil or pass
through soil into underground water.
‘ In air, moisture and sunlight break it down within 1 day. In
water, bacteria break it down or it evaporates into the air.
‘ Naphthalene does not accumulate in the flesh of animals or fish
that you might eat.
‘ 1-Methylnaphthalene and 2-methylnaphthalene are expected to
act like naphthalene in air, water, or soil because they have similar
chemical and physical properties.How might I be exposed to naphthalene,1-methylnaphthalene, and 2-methylnaphthalene?
‘ Breathing low levels in outdoor air.
‘ Breathing air contaminated from industrial discharges or smoke
from burning wood, tobacco, or fossil fuels.
‘ Using or making moth repellents, coal tar products, dyes or
inks could expose you to these chemicals in the air.
‘ Drinking water from contaminated wells.
‘ Touching fabrics that are treated with moth repellents
containing naphthalene.
‘ Exposure to naphthalene, 1-methylnaphthalene and
2-methylnaphthalene from eating foods or drinking beverages is
unlikely.How can naphthalene, 1-methylnaphthalene, and2-methylnaphthalene affect my health?
Exposure to large amounts of naphthalene may damage or destroy
some of your red blood cells. This could cause you to have too
few red blood cells until your body replaces the destroyed cells.
This condition is called hemolytic anemia. Some symptoms of
hemolytic anemia are fatigue, lack of appetite, restlessness, and
pale skin. Exposure to large amounts of naphthalene may also
cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, blood in the urine, and a yellow
color to the skin. Animals sometimes develop cloudiness in their
eyes after swallowing high amounts of naphthalene. It is not clear
whether this also develops in people. Rats and mice that breathed
naphthalene vapors daily for a lifetime developed irritation and
inflammation of their nose and lungs. It is unclear if naphthalene
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, Public Health Service
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
Page 2
Federal Recycling Program Printed on Recycled Paper
ToxFAQsTM Internet address is http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxfaq.html
Where can I get more information? For more information, contact the Agency for Toxic Substances and
Disease Registry, Division of Toxicology, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Mailstop F-32, Atlanta, GA 30333. Phone: 1-888-422-
8737, FAX: 770-488-4178. ToxFAQs Internet address via WWW is http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxfaq.html. ATSDR can
tell you where to find occupational and environmental health clinics. Their specialists can recognize, evaluate, and
treat illnesses resulting from exposure to hazardous substances. You can also contact your community or state health
or environmental quality department if you have any more questions or concerns.
causes reproductive effects in animals; most evidence says it does
not.
There are no studies of humans exposed to 1-methylnaphthalene or
2-methylnaphthalene.
Mice fed food containing 1-methylnaphthalene and 2-
methylnaphthalene for most of their lives had part of their lungs
filled with an abnormal material. How likely are naphthalene, 1-methylnaphthalene,or 2-methylnaphthalene to cause cancer?
There is no direct evidence in humans that naphthalene, 1-
methylnaphthalene, or 2-methylnaphthalene cause cancer.
However, cancer from naphthalene exposure has been seen in
animal studies. Some female mice that breathed naphthalene
vapors daily for a lifetime developed lung tumors. Some male and
female rats exposed to naphthalene in a similar manner also
developed nose tumors.
Based on the results from animal studies, the Department of
Health and Humans Services (DHHS) concluded that naphthalene
is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen. The
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) concluded
that naphthalene is possibly carcinogenic to humans. The EPA
determined that naphthalene is a possible human carcinogen (Group
C) and that the data are inadequate to assess the human
carcinogenic potential of 2-methylnaphthalene.How can naphthalene, 1-methylnaphthalene, or2-methylnaphthalene affect children?
Hospitals have reported many cases of hemolytic anemia in
children, including newborns and infants, who either ate
naphthalene mothballs or deodorants cakes or who were in close
contact with clothing or blankets stored in naphthalene mothballs.
Naphthalene can move from a pregnant woman's blood to the
unborn baby's blood. Naphthalene has been detected in some
samples of breast milk from the general U.S. population, but not at
levels that are expected to be of concern.
There is no information on whether naphthalene has affected
development in humans. No developmental abnormalities were
observed in the offspring from rats, mice, and rabbits fed
naphthalene during pregnancy.
We do not have any information on possible health effects of 1-
methylnaphthalene or 2-methylnaphthalene on children.How can families reduce the risks of exposure tonaphthalene, 1-methylnaphthalene, and2-methylnaphthalene?
‘ Families can reduce the risks of exposure to naphthalene,
1-methylnaphthalene, and 2-methylnaphthalene by avoiding
smoking tobacco, generating smoke during cooking, or using
fireplaces or heating appliances in the their homes.
‘ If families use naphthalene-containing moth repellents, the
material should be enclosed in containers that prevent vapors from
escaping, and kept out of the reach from children.
‘ Blankets and clothing stored with naphthalene moth repellents
should be aired outdoors to remove naphthalene odors and washed
before they are used.
‘ Families should inform themselves of the contents of air
deodorizers that are used in their homes and refrain from using
deodorizers with naphthalene.Is there a medical test to determine whether I’ve been exposed to naphthalene, 1-methylnaphthalene,and 2-methylnaphthalene?
Tests are available that measure levels of these chemicals and their
breakdown products in samples of urine, feces, blood, maternal milk,
or body fat. These tests are not routinely available in a doctor's
office because they require special equipment, but samples can be
sent to special testing laboratories. These tests cannot determine
exactly how much naphthalene, 1-methylnaphthalene, or 2-
methylnaphthalene you were exposed to or predict whether harmful
effects will occur. If the samples are collected within a day or two
of exposure, then the tests can show if you were exposed to a large
or small amount of naphthalene, 1-methylnaphthalene, or 2-
methylnaphthalene.Has the federal government maderecommendations to protect human health?
The EPA recommends that children not drink water with over 0.5
parts per million (0.5 ppm) naphthalene for more than 10 days or
over 0.4 ppm for any longer than 7 years. Adults should not drink
water with more than 1 ppm for more than 7 years. For water
consumed over a lifetime (70 years), the EPA suggests that it contain
no more than 0.1 ppm naphthalene.
The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) set a
limit of 10 ppm for the level of naphthalene in workplace air during
an 8-hour workday, 40-hour workweek. The National Institute for
Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) considers more than 500
ppm of naphthalene in air to be immediately dangerous to life or
health. This is the exposure level of a chemical that is likely to
impair a worker's ability to leave a contaminate area and therefore,
results in permanent health problems or death.References
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). 2005.
Toxicological Profile for Naphthalene, 1-Methylnaphthalene, and 2-
Methylnaphthalene (Update). Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of
Health and Human Services, Public Health Service.
NAPHTHALENE
CAS # 91-20-3
1-METHYLNAPHTHALENE
CAS # 90-12-0
2-METHYLNAPHTHALENE
CAS # 91-57-6
POLYCHLORINATED
BIPHENYLS
Division of Toxicology ToxFAQsTM February 2001
This fact sheet answers the most frequently asked health questions (FAQs) about polychlorinated biphenyls. For more information,
call the ATSDR Information Center at 1-888-422-8737. This fact sheet is one in a series of summaries about hazardous substances
and their health effects. It’s important you understand this information because this substance may harm you. The effects of
exposure to any hazardous substance depend on the dose, the duration, how you are exposed, personal traits and habits, and whether
other chemicals are present.
HIGHLIGHTS: Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a mixture of individual chemicals which are no longer produced
in the United States, but are still found in the environment. Health effects that have been associated with exposure
to PCBs include acne-like skin conditions in adults and neurobehavioral and immunological changes in children.
PCBs are known to cause cancer in animals. PCBs have been found in at least 500 of the 1,598 National Priorities
List sites identified by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
What are polychlorinated biphenyls?
Polychlorinated biphenyls are mixtures of up to 209
individual chlorinated compounds (known as congeners).
There are no known natural sources of PCBs. PCBs are
either oily liquids or solids that are colorless to light yellow.
Some PCBs can exist as a vapor in air. PCBs have no known
smell or taste. Many commercial PCB mixtures are known in
the U.S. by the trade name Aroclor.
PCBs have been used as coolants and lubricants in
transformers, capacitors, and other electrical equipment
because they don’t burn easily and are good insulators.
The manufacture of PCBs was stopped in the U.S. in 1977
because of evidence they build up in the environment and
can cause harmful health effects. Products made before 1977
that may contain PCBs include old fluorescent lighting
fixtures and electrical devices containing PCB capacitors,
and old microscope and hydraulic oils.
What happens to PCBs when they enter the environment?
o PCBs entered the air, water, and soil during their
manufacture, use, and disposal; from accidental spills and
leaks during their transport; and from leaks or fires in
products containing PCBs.
o PCBs can still be released to the environment from
hazardous waste sites; illegal or improper disposal of
industrial wastes and consumer products; leaks from old
electrical transformers containing PCBs; and burning of
some wastes in incinerators.
o PCBs do not readily break down in the environment and
thus may remain there for very long periods of time. PCBs
can travel long distances in the air and be deposited in areas
far away from where they were released. In water, a small
amount of PCBs may remain dissolved, but most stick to
organic particles and bottom sediments. PCBs also bind
strongly to soil.
o PCBs are taken up by small organisms and fish in water.
They are also taken up by other animals that eat these
aquatic animals as food. PCBs accumulate in fish and marine
mammals, reaching levels that may be many thousands of
times higher than in water.
How might I be exposed to PCBs?
o Using old fluorescent lighting fixtures and electrical
devices and appliances, such as television sets and
refrigerators, that were made 30 or more years ago. These
items may leak small amounts of PCBs into the air when they
get hot during operation, and could be a source of skin
exposure.
o Eating contaminated food. The main dietary sources of
PCBs are fish (especially sportfish caught in contaminated
lakes or rivers), meat, and dairy products.
o Breathing air near hazardous waste sites and drinking
contaminated well water.
o In the workplace during repair and maintenance of PCB
transformers; accidents, fires or spills involving transformers,
fluorescent lights, and other old electrical devices; and
disposal of PCB materials.
How can PCBs affect my health?
The most commonly observed health effects in
people exposed to large amounts of PCBs are skin
conditions such as acne and rashes. Studies in exposed
workers have shown changes in blood and urine that may
indicate liver damage. PCB exposures in the general
population are not likely to result in skin and liver effects.
Most of the studies of health effects of PCBs in the general
population examined children of mothers who were exposed
to PCBs.
Animals that ate food containing large amounts of
PCBs for short periods of time had mild liver damage and
some died. Animals that ate smaller amounts of PCBs in
food over several weeks or months developed various kinds
of health effects, including anemia; acne-like skin conditions;
and liver, stomach, and thyroid gland injuries. Other effects
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, Public Health Service
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
Page 2
Federal Recycling Program Printed on Recycled Paper
ToxFAQsTM Internet address is http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxfaq.html
Where can I get more information? For more information, contact the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease
Registry, Division of Toxicology, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Mailstop F-32, Atlanta, GA 30333. Phone: 1-888-422-8737,
FAX: 770-488-4178. ToxFAQsTM Internet address is http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxfaq.html . ATSDR can tell you where to
find occupational and environmental health clinics. Their specialists can recognize, evaluate, and treat illnesses resulting
from exposure to hazardous substances. You can also contact your community or state health or environmental quality
department if you have any more questions or concerns.
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS
of PCBs in animals include changes in the immune system,
behavioral alterations, and impaired reproduction. PCBs are
not known to cause birth defects.
How likely are PCBs to cause cancer?
Few studies of workers indicate that PCBs were
associated with certain kinds of cancer in humans, such as
cancer of the liver and biliary tract. Rats that ate food
containing high levels of PCBs for two years developed liver
cancer. The Department of Health and Human Services
(DHHS) has concluded that PCBs may reasonably be
anticipated to be carcinogens. The EPA and the
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) have
determined that PCBs are probably carcinogenic to humans.
How can PCBs affect children?
Women who were exposed to relatively high levels
of PCBs in the workplace or ate large amounts of fish
contaminated with PCBs had babies that weighed slightly
less than babies from women who did not have these
exposures. Babies born to women who ate PCB-
contaminated fish also showed abnormal responses in tests
of infant behavior. Some of these behaviors, such as
problems with motor skills and a decrease in short-term
memory, lasted for several years. Other studies suggest that
the immune system was affected in children born to and
nursed by mothers exposed to increased levels of PCBs.
There are no reports of structural birth defects caused by
exposure to PCBs or of health effects of PCBs in older
children. The most likely way infants will be exposed to
PCBs is from breast milk. Transplacental transfers of PCBs
were also reported In most cases, the benefits of breast-
feeding outweigh any risks from exposure to PCBs in
mother’s milk.
How can families reduce the risk of exposure to PCBs?
o You and your children may be exposed to PCBs by eating
fish or wildlife caught from contaminated locations. Certain
states, Native American tribes, and U.S. territories have
issued advisories to warn people about PCB-contaminated
fish and fish-eating wildlife. You can reduce your family’s
exposure to PCBs by obeying these advisories.
o Children should be told not play with old appliances,
electrical equipment, or transformers, since they may contain
PCBs.
o Children should be discouraged from playing in the dirt
near hazardous waste sites and in areas where there was a
transformer fire. Children should also be discouraged from
eating dirt and putting dirty hands, toys or other objects in
their mouths, and should wash hands frequently.
o If you are exposed to PCBs in the workplace it is possible
to carry them home on your clothes, body, or tools. If this is
the case, you should shower and change clothing before
leaving work, and your work clothes should be kept separate
from other clothes and laundered separately.
Is there a medical test to show whether I’ve been exposed to
PCBs?
Tests exist to measure levels of PCBs in your blood,
body fat, and breast milk, but these are not routinely
conducted. Most people normally have low levels of PCBs
in their body because nearly everyone has been
environmentally exposed to PCBs. The tests can show if
your PCB levels are elevated, which would indicate past
exposure to above-normal levels of PCBs, but cannot
determine when or how long you were exposed or whether
you will develop health effects.
Has the federal government made recommendations to
protect human health?
The EPA has set a limit of 0.0005 milligrams of PCBs
per liter of drinking water (0.0005 mg/L). Discharges, spills or
accidental releases of 1 pound or more of PCBs into the
environment must be reported to the EPA. The Food and
Drug Administration (FDA) requires that infant foods, eggs,
milk and other dairy products, fish and shellfish, poultry and
red meat contain no more than 0.2-3 parts of PCBs per million
parts (0.2-3 ppm) of food. Many states have established fish
and wildlife consumption advisories for PCBs.
References
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
(ATSDR). 2000. Toxicological profile for polychlorinated
biphenyls (PCBs). Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health
and Human Services, Public Health Service.
Polychlorinated Biphenyls
(PCBs)
CAS Number: 1336-36-3
What are PCBs?
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were
developed in the 1940's and were used
extensively in the manufacture of transformers,
capacitors, and other heat transfer devices
through the late 1970's. PCBs are a group of
chemicals that have extremely high boiling
points and are practically nonflammable.
Because of this, they were used extensively as
heat transfer fluids in transformers and
capacitors. In 1979 their manufacture and
importation was banned in the United States,
based on mounting evidence that they were
toxic to humans and wildlife. Today they are
classified as probable human carcinogens and
are listed in the top 10% of EPA’s most toxic
chemicals. At older federal facilities today,
there are still many PCB-containing
transformers and capacitors. Many of these
transformers are at or close to the end of their
useful life and proper disposal of them is
required to prevent the unnecessary (and
unlawful) release of PCBs into the
environment.
How might I be exposed to PCBs?
Fish consumption appears to be the major
pathway of exposure. PCBs do not easily
break down, and can bioaccumulate in the fatty
tissues of fish and mammals. A significant
trend of increasing body burden is associated
with increased fish consumption. People who
eat sport-caught fish consumed 2-3 times
more fish than the overall U.S. population.
Concentrations of PCBs in subsurface soil at a
Superfund site have been as high as 750 ppm.
People who live near hazardous waste sites
may be exposed to PCBs by consuming PCB-
contaminated sportfish and game animals, by
breathing PCBs in air, or by drinking PCB-
contaminated well water.
Although PCBs are no longer made in the
United States, people can still be exposed to
them. Many older transformers and capacitors
may still contain PCBs, and this equipment
can be used for 30 years or more. Old
fluorescent lighting fixtures and old electrical
devices and appliances, such as television sets
and refrigerators, may contain PCBs if they
were made before PCB use was stopped.
When these electric devices get hot during
operation, small amounts of PCBs may get
into the air and raise the level of PCBs in
indoor air. Because devices that contain PCBs
can leak with age, they could also be a source
of skin exposure to PCBs.
Workplace exposure to PCBs can occur
during the repair and maintenance of PCB
transformers, accidents, fires, or spills
involving PCB transformers and older
computers and instruments, and disposal of
PCB materials. In addition to older electrical
instruments and fluorescent lights that contain
PCB-filled capacitors, caulking materials,
elastic sealants, and heat insulation have also
been known to contain PCBs. Contact with
PCBs at hazardous waste sites can happen
when workers breathe air and touch soil
containing PCBs. Exposure in the
contaminated workplace occurs mostly by
breathing air containing PCBs and by touching
substances that contain PCBs.
How can PCBs enter and leave my body?
If you breathe air that contains PCBs, they can
enter your body through your lungs and pass
into the bloodstream. We do not know how
fast or how much of the PCBs that are breathed
will pass into the blood. A common way for
PCBs to enter your body is by eating meat or
fish products or other foods that contain PCBs.
Exposure from drinking water is less than from
food. It is also possible that PCBs can enter
your body by breathing indoor air or by skin
contact in buildings that have the kinds of old
electrical devices that contain and can leak
PCBs. For people living near waste sites or
processing or storage facilities, and for people
who work with or around PCBs, the most
likely ways that PCBs will enter their bodies
are from skin contact with contaminated soil
and from breathing PCB vapors. Once PCBs
are in your body, some may be changed by
your body into other related chemicals called
metabolites. Some metabolites of PCBs may
have the potential to be as harmful as some
unchanged PCBs. Some of the metabolites
may leave your body in the feces in a few days,
but others may remain in your body fat for
months. Unchanged PCBs may also remain in
your body and be stored for years mainly in the
fat and liver, but smaller amounts can be found
in other organs as well. PCBs collect in milk
fat and can enter the bodies of infants through
breast-feeding.
How can PCBs affect my health?
Many studies have looked at how PCBs can
affect human health. Some of these studies
investigated people exposed in the workplace,
and others have examined members of the
general population. Skin conditions, such as
acne and rashes, may occur in people exposed
to high levels of PCBs. These effects on the
skin are well documented, but are not likely to
result from exposures in the general
population. Most of the human studies have
many shortcomings, which make it difficult
for scientists to establish a clear association
between PCB exposure levels and health
effects. Some studies in workers suggest that
exposure to PCBs may also cause irritation of
the nose and lungs, gastrointestinal
discomfort, changes in the blood and liver,
and depression and fatigue. Workplace
concentrations of PCBs, such as those in areas
where PCB transformers are repaired and
maintained, are higher than levels in other
places, such as air in buildings that have
electrical devices containing PCBs or in
outdoor air, including air at hazardous waste
sites. Most of the studies of health effects of
PCBs in the general population examined
children of mothers who were exposed to
PCBs.
Is there a medical test to determine if I
have been exposed to PCBs?
Levels of PCBs in the environment were zero
before PCBs were manufactured. Now, all
people in industrial countries have some PCBs
in their bodies. There are tests to determine
whether PCBs are in the blood, body fat, and
breast milk. These are not regular or routine
clinical tests, such as the one for cholesterol,
but could be ordered by a doctor to detect
PCBs in people exposed to them in the
environment and at work. If your PCB levels
are higher than the background levels, this
will show that you have been exposed to high
levels of PCBs. However, these measurements
cannot determine the exact amount or type of
PCBs that you have been exposed to, or how
long you have been exposed. Although these
tests can indicate whether you have been
exposed to PCBs to a greater extent than the
general population, they do not predict whether
you will develop harmful health effects. Blood
tests are the easiest, safest, and probably the
best method for detecting recent exposures to
large amounts of PCBs. Results of such tests
should be reviewed and carefully interpreted
by physicians with a background in
environmental and occupational medicine.
Nearly everyone has been exposed to PCBs
because they are found throughout the
environment, and people are likely to have
detectable amounts of PCBs in their blood, fat,
and breast milk. Recent studies have shown
that PCB levels in tissues from United States
population are now declining.
What levels of exposure have resulted in
harmful health effects?
Human health studies indicate that: 1)
reproductive function may be disrupted by high
levels of exposure to PCBs; 2) neurobehavioral
and developmental deficits occur in newborns
and continue through school-aged children who
had in-utero exposure to PCBs; 3) other
systemic effects (e.g., self-reported liver
disease and diabetes, and effects on the thyroid
and immune systems) are associated with
elevated serum levels of PCBs; and 4)
increased cancer risks, e.g., non-Hodgkin's
lymphoma, are associated with PCB exposures.
What recommendations has the federal
government made to protect
human health?
The federal government has developed
regulations, guidelines, and standards to protect
people from the possible health effects
of exposure to PCBs.
The federal government develops regulations
and recommendations to protect public health.
Regulations can be enforced by law. Federal
agencies that develop regulations for toxic
substances include the Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA), the Occupational
Safety and Health Administration (OSHA),
and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
Recommendations provide valuable
guidelines to protect public health but cannot
be enforced by law. Federal organizations
that develop recommendations for toxic
substances include the Agency for Toxic
Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR)
and the National Institute for Occupational
Safety and Health (NIOSH).
Regulations and recommendations can be
expressed in not-to-exceed levels in air, water,
soil, or food that are usually based on levels
that affect animals; then they are adjusted to
help protect people. Sometimes these not-to-
exceed levels differ among federal
organizations because of different exposure
times (an 8-hour workday or a 24-hour day),
the use of different animal studies, or other
factors.
Recommendations and regulations are
periodically updated as more information
becomes available. For the most current
information, check with the federal agency or
organization that provides it. Some
regulations and recommendations for PCBs
include the following:
The EPA standard for PCBs in drinking water
is 0.5 parts of PCBs per billion parts (ppb) of
water. For the protection of human health
from the possible effects of drinking the water
or eating the fish or shellfish from lakes and
streams that are contaminated with PCBs, the
EPA regulates that the level of PCBs in these
waters be no greater than 0.17 parts of PCBs
per trillion parts (ppt) of water.
The FDA has set residue limits for PCBs in
various foods to protect from harmful health
effects. FDA required limits include 0.2 parts
of PCBs per million parts (ppm) in infant and
junior foods, 0.3 ppm in eggs, 1.5 ppm in milk
and other dairy products (fat basis), 2 ppm in
fish and shellfish (edible portions), and 3 ppm
in poultry and red meat (fat basis).
OSHA regulates that workers not be exposed
by inhalation over a period of 8 hours for 5
days per week to more than 1 milligram per
cubic meter of air (mg/m³) for 42% chlorine
PCBs, or to 0.5 mg/m³ for 54% chlorine PCBs.
NIOSH recommends that workers not breathe
air containing 42 or 54% chlorine PCB levels
higher than 1 microgram per cubic meter of air
(µg/m³) for a 10-hour workday, 40-hour
workweek.
EPA requires that companies that transport,
store, or dispose of PCBs follow the rules and
regulations of the federal hazardous waste
management program. EPA also limits the
amount of PCBs put into publicly owned waste
water treatment plants. To minimize exposure
of people to PCBs, EPA requires that industry
tell the National Response Center each time
one pound or more of PCBs has been released
to the environment.
Where can I get more information?
If you have more questions or concerns, please
contact your state health or environmental
department or:
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease
Registry
Division of Toxicology
1600 Clifton Road, E-29
Atlanta, Georgia 30333
References
1. Agency for Toxic Substances
and Disease Registry (ATSDR).
Public Health Statement for
PCBs.
Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department
of Health and Human Services,
1990.
2. Birmingham et al. 1989
3. Newhook 1988
4. Fitzgerald et al. 1996
5. Courval et al. 1996
Appendix C
Accident/Exposure Reporting Form
S:\Office Mgmt Docs\Health & Safety\Health & Safety Plan Templates\Accident_Exposure Report.docx
ACCIDENT / EXPOSURE REPORT FORM
EMPLOYEE NAME DATE OF BIRTH
HOME ADDRESS PHONE NO.
SEX: MALE FEMALE JOB TITLE SOC. SEC. NO.
OFFICE NO. OFFICE LOCATION DATE OF HIRE
HOURS USUALLY WORKED: HOURS PER DAY HOURS PER WEEK
TOTAL HOURS WEEKLY
WHERE DID ACCIDENT, OR EXPOSURE OCCUR? (INCLUDE ADDRESS)
COUNTY ON EMPLOYER’S PREMISES? YES NO
WHAT WAS EMPLOYEE DOING WHEN THE ACCIDENT OCCURRED? (BE SPECIFIC)
HOW DID THE ACCIDENT OR EXPOSURE OCCUR? (DESCRIBE FULLY)
WHAT STEPS COULD BE TAKEN TO PREVENT SUCH AN OCCURRENCE?
OBJECT OR SUBSTANCE THAT DIRECTLY INJURED EMPLOYEE
DESCRIBE THE INJURY OR ILLNESS
PART OF BODY AFFECTED
NAME AND ADDRESS OF PHYSICIAN
S:\Office Mgmt Docs\Health & Safety\Health & Safety Plan Templates\Accident_Exposure Report.docx
IF HOSPITALIZED, NAME AND ADDRESS OF HOSPITAL
DATE OF INJURY/ILLNESS TIME OF DAY
LOSS OF ONE OR MORE DAY OR WORK? YES/NO
IF YES, DATE LAST WORKED
HAS EMPLOYEE RETURNED TO WORK? IF YES, DATE RETURNED
DID EMPLOYEE DIE? IF YES, DATE
COMPLETED BY (PRINT)
SIGNATURE
TITLE DATE
AN ACCIDENT, EXPOSURE REPORT MUST BE COMPLETED BY THE SUPERVISOR
OR SITE SAFETY OFFICER IMMEDIATELY UPON LEARNING OF THE INCIDENT.
THE COMPLETED REPORT MUST BE IMMEDIATELY TRANSMITTED TO THE
MANAGER, HEALTH & SAFETY.
Appendix D
Near Miss Reporting Form
\\hhsvr.harthickman.local\masterfiles\Office Mgmt Docs\Health & Safety\Health & Safety Plan Templates\Near Miss Form.docx
NEAR MISS REPORT
A near miss is a potential hazard or incident that has not resulted in personal injury. Unsafe working
conditions, unsafe employee work habits, improper use of equipment or use of malfunctioning
equipment have the potential to cause work related injuries. It is everyone’s responsibility to report and
/or correct these potential accidents/incidents immediately. Please complete this form as a means to
report these near-miss situations.
Location Date
Time am pm
Please check all appropriate conditions:
Unsafe Act Unsafe equipment Unsafe Condition Unsafe use of equipment
Description of incident or potential hazard:
Employee Signature Date
(optional)
NEAR MISS INVESTIGATION
Description of the near-miss condition:
Root Causes (primary & contributing):
Corrective action taken (Remove the hazard, replace, repair, or retrain in the proper procedures for the task)
Signed Date Completed
Not completed for the following reason:
Management Date
Appendix E
Safety Briefing Form
S:\Office Mgmt Docs\Health & Safety\Health & Safety Plan Templates\Safety Briefing Form.docx
SITE SAFETY BRIEFING FORM
JOB NAME NUMBER
DATE START TIME COMPLETED
SITE LOCATION
TYPE OF WORK (GENERAL)
SAFETY ISSUES
TASK (THIS SHIFT)
PROTECTIVE CLOTHING/EQUIPMENT
CHEMICAL HAZARDS
PHYSICAL HAZARDS
CONTROL METHODS
SPECIAL EQUIPMENT/TECHNIQUES
NEAREST PHONE
HOSPITAL NAME/ADDRESS
SPECIAL TOPICS (INCIDENTS, ACTIONS TAKEN, ETC.)
S:\Office Mgmt Docs\Health & Safety\Health & Safety Plan Templates\Safety Briefing Form.docx
ATTENDEES
PRINT NAME SIGN NAME
MEETING CONDUCTED BY: